that is urgently needed in Afghanistan and on which Japan would provide assistance up to an amount in the region of US5 billion in about five years from 2009, based on the future situation in Afghanistan $ ^{(Note\ 27)} $ .

Specifically, assistance will be provided focusing on the following pillars: support for enhancing Afghanistan's capability to maintain security such as police; support for the reintegration of former Taliban foot soldiers into society such as the implementation of vocational training and creation of employment opportunities; and assistance for the sustainable and self-reliant development of Afghanistan in such areas as education, health, and other basic human needs.

When it comes to Pakistan, Japan has proactively carried out support activities since the country announced that it would carry out measures against terrorism in cooperation with the international community following the terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001 (Note 28). Japan’s Country Assistance Program for Pakistan was formulated in February 2005, and Japan has actively provided assistance to Pakistan for economic and social infrastructure, agriculture, basic human needs, and in other areas. What is more, the

## (2) Iraq

The international community has been extending assistance for Iraqi nation building to restore and establish peace and stability in Iraq. It is extremely important for the peace and stability of the international community, including the people of Iraq, the Middle East, and Japan, to rebuild Iraq as a peaceful democratic country. Iraq is currently transitioning from a stage in which it should be urgently handling its pressing

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Japan has provided approximately US$1.67 billion in total through grant aid as of the end of FY2009. Japan Pakistan Donors Conference was held in Tokyo in April 2009 through the joint sponsorship of the Government of Japan and the World Bank. Here Japan announced assistance of up to US$1 billion for Pakistan over two years (Note 29). Furthermore, based on the New Strategy to Counter the Threat of Terrorism, issued in November 2009, Japan provides support for a variety of initiatives for the sustainable stability and development of Pakistan, including economic growth and macroeconomic reforms, the reduction of poverty such as by improving the lives of residents, and stable civil life in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province (formerly the North-West Frontier Province) and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas.

Japan sent a Japan Disaster Relief Team composed of a Self-Defense Force helicopter team (Note 30) and medical teams in response to the large-scale flood which occurred in late July 2010. Moreover, Japan decided to provide emergency humanitarian assistance as well as a new ODA loan and assistance through international organizations to provide the necessary funds to import resources to repair local roads and bridges and for flood disaster recovery. Japan’s total support expressed for the flood disaster is about US$568 million.

reconstruction needs to a stage where it should be strategically working to address reconstruction and development from a medium-term perspective. The democratization process is also showing signs of progress, as evidenced by the fact that parliamentary elections in Iraq were carried out in March 2010 under its new election law.

has also been assisting with the capacity building of Iraqi administrative officials and engineers through