## (e) Collaboration with International Organizations and Other Countries

In recent years, from the perspective of aid effectiveness, various aid bodies have been working to coordinate their assistance policies in aiming to achieve international development goals and agreements such as the MDGs based upon the Paris Declaration (Note 37) and the Accra Agenda for Action (AAA) (Note 38). Currently, working groups have been formed for such fields as health and education in a large number of aid-receiving nations, whereupon program-type assistance is being implemented in accordance with the sector development strategy of the nation. Japan also participates in many of these programs, including agriculture in Tanzania and water in Yemen. In addition, in Bangladesh, Japan has drafted common strategic partnerships with the World Bank, the Asia Development Bank (ADB), and the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID) for assisting the poverty reduction strategies (PRS) of Bangladesh. Therein, Japan is advancing coordination and cooperation with these entities to implement aid more effectively and efficiently in a cross-sectoral manner. Japan also currently participates in working groups among a wider range of donors that meet to draft common aid strategies, thereby actively taking part in aid coordination.

In addition, Japan takes opportunities like visits by top officials of international organizations such as the World Bank to engage in policy dialogues over modalities for aid policies and other related issues. Moreover, in 2007 Japan announced the Enhanced Sustainable Development for Asia (ESDA) as part of its cooperation with the ADB, and has worked to promote investment and the conservation of energy. Japan also proactively advances cooperation and collaboration with international organizations that have headquarters located within Japan. For example, in addition to cooperation at the governmental-level with the Asian Productivity Organization (APO), private sector enterprises also contribute to the drafting of APO policies through the Green Productivity Advisory Committee (GPAC).

On top of these undertakings, Japan also promotes initiatives which aim for effective collaborations on the basis of multilateral and bilateral aid. This is a trial designed to reflect international aid trends in bilateral aid policies, as well as to mainstream the bilateral aid approach with which Japan has a comparative advantage among aid-receiving countries and in the international arena. As such, it will contribute to improving the results of Japanese aid.

Until now, members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have been the main aid-providers within the international community. In recent years, however, the non-DAC member countries of China, India, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil — which are referred to as newly emerging donors — have been expanding their influence in terms of development in developing countries. It is important for DAC countries including Japan to work together with these newly emerging donors to resolve global challenges, while also holding dialogues and sharing their past experiences regarding aid in encouraging the newly emerging donors to provide aid that is responsible and highly transparent.

Courtesy call to Parliamentary Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs Ikuo Yamahana by Managing Director of the World Bank Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala