medium- and long-term funds, only a limited group of developing countries are able to generate these funds domestically or to attract adequate private funds from overseas.

In light of the above, Japan will provide the following forms of support.

-Japan will continue to provide assistance for the development of social and economic infrastructure in developing countries. These projects will target such sectors as transportation, communication, electric power generation, and river and irrigation facilities, and efforts will be designed to correspond to the conditions and needs of individual countries.

-In view of the importance of non-ODA funds, Japan will emphasize coordination and division of roles and responsibilities with private-sector funds and other official flows (OOF).

-Japan will utilize ODA funds to develop an environment conducive to private investment.

-Japan will cooperate in the policy aspects of infrastructure development, including the formulation, design and specification of development plans. Similarly, Japan will cooperate in the maintenance and management of facilities through both financial and technical assistance in order to maintain the benefits of assistance projects.

-In the process of project implementation, Japan will pay due attention to ensuring that project benefits reach impoverished regions and populations. Japan will also take into consideration the impact of projects on local communities and populations and on the environment.

### 3. Human Resources Development and Intellectual Support

## (1) Human Resources Development

The development of individuals is the base for the development of a country, and one of Japan's basic aims in providing economic assistance is to support the self-help efforts of recipient countries. As such, Japan places particular emphasis on the continuing development of human resources needed for the social and economic development of developing countries. $ ^{*11} $

In light of the above, Japan will provide the following forms of support.

-In order to support the self-help efforts of developing countries, Japan will promote the dispatch of experts and the acceptance of trainees.

-Japan will give due attention to support for the educational sector, including higher education, and vocational training programs.

-Japan will endeavor to promote the transfer of technologies and the development of human resources that conform to the national conditions and needs of recipient countries.

-Japan will provide assistance that directly enhances the capabilities of communities and residents through the use of the Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers and Senior Overseas Volunteers.

-Japan will actively endeavor to develop human resources projects that will have a geographically broad effect (such as third-country training). $ ^{*12} $

Japan will actively promote the acceptance of foreign students from developing countries and Japanese language training, both in developing countries and in Japan. Such initiatives will be pursued not only from the perspective of human resources development, but also in view of their significance in promoting mutual understanding between Japan and developing countries. Initiatives will also be pursued in terms of their strategic importance in directly benefiting Japan's intellectual and advisory contributions to the international community. Japan will provide assistance while emphasizing the following points.

-Japan will upgrade and improve its systems for the acceptance of foreign students (including follow-up programs for foreign students returning to their home countries) in accordance with "The 100,000 Foreign Students Plan."

-Japan will promote the exchange of personnel, including the exchange of teachers.

-In response to the increasingly diverse needs of foreign students, Japan will endeavor to improve the quality of university education for foreign students, the scholarship system for foreign students, and direct support for foreign students.

-Coordination will be pursued with the private sector, which plays a key role in assisting foreign students.

-Active support will be provided for Japanese language training, which plays a central role in promoting a better understanding of Japanese culture in foreign countries and the acceptance of foreign students.

## (2) Intellectual Support

The importance of intellectual support is growing, not only for economies in transition, but also for developing countries undergoing economic development against the background of rapid economic globalization. Such countries are in particular need of intellectual support that corresponds to ongoing changes in their economic and social systems. Much of the experience and know-how accumulated by Japan in the process of its own economic development can prove highly