## (6) Transnational Crime and Terrorism

With globalization and the progress of high-tech devices, and the increased movement of individuals, transnational organized crime and terrorist activities have become threats to the entire international community. International organized crime, including the illicit trade of narcotics and firearms, illegal immigration, trafficking in women and children, smuggling of cash, forgery of currencies, and money laundering $ ^{*} $ , has become increasingly diverse and sophisticated in its methods in recent years. In spite of the death of Al Qaida leader Usama bin Laden, the international terrorist organization’s force can still not be taken lightly. In particular, extremist activities conducted by affiliated organizations that have been influenced by the ideas and methods of terrorism of Al Qaida have become new threats. There are limitations

Sri Lanka's only women's correctional facility, where a Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer serves. Petty offenders convicted of crimes related to prostitution, narcotics, etc., as well as vagrants, are housed there and receive vocational training. (Photo: Shinichi Kuno/JICA)

for a single country to respond to transnational organized crime and terrorist activities that continue across borders. Therefore, in addition to strengthening the measures implemented by each country, it is necessary for the entire international community to eliminate all legal loopholes through efforts such as assistance for capacity building to handle criminal justice and law enforcement in developing countries.

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## Narcotic Drugs

In addition to participating proactively in international meetings of the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Japan contributes to the United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) Fund of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to provide assistance to developing countries, particularly in Asia. In FY2010, Japan used a contribution of approximately $1.38 million to the UNDCP fund for projects that included monitoring the illegal cultivation of

## Against Trafficking in Persons and Corruption

In FY2010, Japan contributed $90,000 to the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Fund (CPCJF) of the UNODC. In addition, in August 2011, Japan decided to extend assistance totaling $2.36 million through the UN Trust Fund for Human Security which Japan had taken the lead in founding to a project entitled “Protecting and Empowering victims of trafficking in Indonesia” which is going to be implemented by the International Organization poppies (a plant used as an ingredient for the narcotic opium) and investigation of the manufacturing of illegal synthetic drugs in Myanmar, projects related to the drug control in Southeast Asia and the Pacific region, and support for the creation of plans for the drug control in Laos. Also through the United Nations Asian and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) Japan supported the trainings for treatment of drug-dependent offenders.

for Migration (IOM) and other organizations.

Against trafficking in persons, Japan is focusing on supports of palliative care (psychological care through art therapy and other methods) and the social reintegration of victims. In the past, Japan has utilized donations to the CPCJF to implement projects for measures against trafficking in persons in Pattaya, Thailand (protection of children from trafficking in persons and sexual