## Appendix

Examples of projects that have achieved results by incorporating the “human security” perspective (projects ongoing as of 2004)

Water Supply Development with Community Participation in Senegal

Due to a lack of proper water supply facilities such as wells in rural areas of Senegal, many women and children must routinely travel long distances to draw water. In addition, due to the unavailability of safe water, many areas suffer from extremely poor sanitation.

In order to protect local people from the threat of a want of water, Japan provided grant aid to develop water supply facilities. In addition to the development of water supply facilities, assistance was also provided in the form of technical cooperation to empower local residents so that they can realize and sustain a better livelihood through their own efforts. In concrete terms, Japan provided support to form a resident organization and training in methods of maintenance, inspection and collection of rates so as to enable the operation and maintenance of water supply facilities at the village level. Assistance was also provided to educate on health and sanitation by relating it to water sanitation so as to improve the lives of women and other residents. Following such assistance, the residents took the initiative to raise household incomes by means such as poultry farming projects with surplus funds from the management of water supply facilities. These activities have supported people's empowerment and rural development. At the same time, they combine a variety of forms of assistance, including support to vulnerable groups such as women and children, cross-sectoral assistance spanning fields such as health, sanitation and education, and collaboration with other agencies through the use of a resident organization model that other countries' aid agencies are working to propagate.

As a result of this Japanese assistance, a large number of women and children in rural areas have been freed from the work of drawing water, and local residents have been able to realize a more sanitary living condition.

● Protection from HIV/AIDS in Cambodia

Cambodia has a high HIV/AIDS rate. The movement and concentration of people resulting from increased economic activity create the risk of further spread of HIV/AIDS. As a result, residents and workers may be exposed to the threat of HIV/AIDS.

In the Sihanoukville Port Reconstruction Project in Cambodia, a project funded with Japanese loan assistance, Japan made efforts to incorporate the “human security” perspective, including programs to protect people from the threat of HIV/AIDS and better equip them to protect themselves.

In concrete terms, in order to protect the people, including local residents, from the threat of HIV/AIDS, workers were required to undergo health checks, measures were taken to change people's behavior by combining distribution of condoms with educational activities, workers' leaders were trained to help promote knowledge of health and sanitation in workers' meetings, and a wide range of public information activities were undertaken to raise awareness on HIV/AIDS. To ensure that these activities reached those concerned, activities were undertaken in collaboration with local NGOs.

The outcome of these activities was to increase awareness about routes of transmission and means of preventing HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, and to strengthen the ability of workers and local residents to better protect themselves from the risk of HIV/AIDS infection.