Sector	Initiative	Outline
Environment	The Initiative to Assist Developing Countries with the Preservation of Biodiversity (the “Life in Harmony” Initiative), announced at the 10th Session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD/COP10) (October 2010) http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/bunya/environment/initiative.html	Japan will provide assistance of US$2 billion over three years beginning in 2010 in fields which contribute to the preservation of biodiversity, for the purpose of assisting the efforts of developing countries toward meeting the post-2010 targets (Aichi Target) agreed on at the CBD/COP10. [Priority Areas] (1) Conservation of ecosystem Promote adequate preservation and management of protected areas and pursue a balance between ensuring the livelihood of the people and conserving the natural environment in developing countries. (2) Sustainable use of natural resources Prevent biodiversity loss caused by the excessive use of natural resources. (3) Access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits Explore the value of genetic resources in developing countries and expand sharing of benefits of using genetic resources.
Trade and Investment	The Development Initiative for Trade 2009, announced at the WTO 2nd Global Review Meeting on Aid for Trade (2009) http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/press/enzetsu/21/eito_0706.html	As Aid for Trade, Japan will: (1) provide a total sum of US$12 billion in bilateral assistance that include technical cooperation by dispatching and accepting a total of 40,000 experts and trainees, over three years from 2009 to 2011; (2) overhaul the Generalized System of Preference (GSP) in consideration of the current situation of trade with developing countries; and (3) make proactive contributions to trade related fields, including efforts to make Aid for Trade more effective, fight against protectionism, and trade finance.
Disaster Risk Reduction	The Initiative for Disaster Reduction through ODA, announced at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction (2005) http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/oda/bunya/archive/bosai_gaiyo.html	(1) Raising the priority attached to disaster reduction (2) Perspective of human security (3) Gender perspective (4) Importance of assistance regarding software (5) Mobilization of Japan’s experience, expertise and technology (6) Mobilization and dissemination of locally available and suitable technology (7) Promoting partnerships with various stakeholders

## Section 3 List of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs)

As of the end of December, 2011

Region	Number of cases	Country
Post-Completion-Point Countries ( $ ^{*1} $ ) (32 countries)	Africa	26	Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia
Middle East	1	Afghanistan
Latin America	5	Bolivia, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua
Interim Countries (Between Decision and Completion Point) ( $ ^{*2} $ ) (4 countries)	Africa	4	Chad, Comoros, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea
Pre-Decision-Point Countries ( $ ^{*2} $ ) (3 countries)	Africa	3	Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan

*1 Debt relief is provided to HIPCs that reach the Decision Point as interim relief. Following this, new economic and social reform programs are to be implemented, and in the event that HIPCs are acknowledged as having demonstrated favorable performance, the countries will reach the Completion Point of the Enhanced HIPC Initiative and will be provided with comprehensive debt relief.

*2 In order to reach the Decision Point, HIPCs are required to first formulate Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) describing the policies they will implement with the financial resources that become available as a result of debt relief, and to obtain approval by the Executive Boards of World Bank and the IMF. The Executive Boards of World Bank and the IMF will decide on the HIPCs' eligibility for this initiative, based on an analysis of the debt repayment capacity of the indebted country and also by referring to the submitted PRSPs and the HIPCs' performance in implementing the economic and social reform programs demanded by the IMF.