Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Diagram 1-23 Trends in the Number of Clearances of Financial and Bad Loan-related Offenses (2000-2009)

### 5. Currency Counterfeiting Crimes

## (1) Situation Regarding Detection

The trends in the number of counterfeit banknotes uncovered $ ^{1} $ in the past 10 years is as shown below. The number of uncovered counterfeit banknotes in 2009 increased from the previous year.

Note 1: The number of reported counterfeit banknotes confiscated by the police

Diagram 1-24 Trends in the Number of Counterfeit Japanese Banknotes Uncovered (2000-2009)

Year Category	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Total (notes)	4,257	7,613	20,211	16,910	25,858	12,203	4,288	15,779	2,540	3,433
10,000 Yen Notes	2,394	3,207	6,815	6,138	8,828	5,714	3,293	3,562	1,975	1,966
5,000 Yen Notes	1,671	1,274	754	1,097	1,007	557	249	121	105	278
2,000 Yen Notes	2	4	5	99	11	7	10	13	6	9
1,000 Yen Notes	190	3,128	12,637	9,576	16,012	5,925	736	12,083	454	1,180

## (2) Characteristic Trends and

## Countermeasures

Forgeries with such realistic appearances that they can be used face-to-face in shops have been observed among recent counterfeit Japanese banknotes. This is thought to have happened due to the advanced technology of commercially available computers, scanners, printers, and the like which allows for sophisticated counterfeiting with ease.

With the cooperation of concerned ministries and organizations such as the Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Japan, the NPA is calling the public's attention through efforts such as disclosing cases in which counterfeit Japanese banknotes were used, through posters and websites, as well as introducing methods of identifying counterfeit currency. The NPA also provides information to vending machines and computer-related equipment manufacturing organizations, as well as calling for the strengthening of countermeasures for counterfeit currency such as the development of a system to prevent currency counterfeiting and the use of counterfeit currency.
### 6. Debit/Credit Card Crimes

## (1) Situation of Confirmed and Cleared Card Crimes

The trend in the situation of confirmed/cleared card crimes in the past 10 years $ ^{1} $ is as follows. In 2009 the number of confirmed and cleared card crimes decreased from the previous year, but the number of persons arrested increased from the previous year.

Diagram 1-25 Trends in the Situation of Confirmed, Cleared Debit, Credit Card Crimes (2000-2009)

## (2) Trends in Debit/Credit Card Crimes and Countermeasures

Looking at the situation regarding card crimes confirmed shows that the majority of these are comprised of larceny cases involving illegal withdrawal of deposits and savings from ATMs using stolen, lost or counterfeit cash cards, or fraud cases involving the illegal purchasing of goods with counterfeit credit cards. The tactics used to commit these crimes are becoming ingenious, including counterfeiting cash cards based on personal client information flowing out of corporations, withdrawal of cash from ATMs, illegally obtaining the credit card numbers under someone else's name using special methods, and purchasing goods online.

The police are making efforts to prevent damage from spreading, such as by conducting thorough investigations for early arrests, and encouraging people who report stolen or lost cards to the police to cancel their cards. Additionally, the Act on Protection of Deposition and Postal Saving Holders from Unauthorized Automated Withdrawal Using Counterfeit Cards and Stolen Cards stipulates the need to report to the investigative authorities in order to request a financial institution, compensation of an equal amount to the amount that had been illicitly withdrawn from one’s account. Because of this, the police are cooperatively making efforts for a smooth recovery from damages by appropriately responding when financial institutions place inquiries to the police on whether reports have been registered.

### 7. Black-market Finance Offenses, Fraudulent Commercial Practices and Other Offenses

## (1) Black-market Finance Offenses

The situation on black-market finance offenses $ ^{1} $ cleared in 2009 is shown in Table 1-3. Of these, cases where Boryokudans were involved accounted for 28.7%.

Tactics of black-market finance offenses are becoming more malicious and ingenious by utilizing cell phones or bank accounts with someone else's name. For this reason, in order to prevent damages, various measures are being taken such as requiring identification of the cell phone account holders based
on the Act on Identification by Mobile Voice Communications Carriers of Their Subscribers and for Prevention of Improper Use of Mobile Voice Communications Services," or freezing of the bank account, besides continuous crackdown by the headquarters set up in each Prefectural Police for concentrate crackdown.

Note 1: Offenses including violations of the Act Regulating the Receipt of Contributions, Receipt of Deposits and Interest Rates (hereinafter referred to as the “Investment Act”), as well as cases of fraud, extortion and violence related to the Act on Control of Moneylending.

The police are on the look out for black-market activities

Table 1-3 Trends in the Situation of Black-Market Finance Offenses Cleared (2005-2009)

Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Category
Number of offenses cleared (cases)	339	323	484	437	442
No. of suspects arrested (persons)	706	710	995	860	815

Note: Multiple violations of the same kind carried out by the same suspect are counted as one case.

## (2) Fraudulent Commercial Practices

## 1 ) Offenses involving Specified Commercial Transactions

The situation of clearances of offenses involving specified commercial transactions $ ^{1} $ in 2009 is shown in Table 1-4. Arrests for inspection businesses stood out, where elderly people are tricked into unnecessary home renovation at high costs after uncalled-for inspections of foundations or plumbing and other sections of houses, or intrusive businesses where people are tricked into buying expensive futon by barging into the house uninvited for a long time.

Note 1: Violations of the Act on Specified Commercial Transactions (hereinafter referred to as the Specified Commercial Transactions Act) that regulates door-to-door selling and Penal Code offenses such as fraud and extortion related to specified commercial transactions.

Table 1-4 Trends in the Situation of Cleared Offenses Involving Specified Commercial Transactions (2005-2009)

Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Category
Number of offenses cleared (cases)	124	138	112	142	152
Number of suspects arrested (persons)	330	385	299	279	371

## 2 ) Wealth-building Offenses

The situation of wealth-building offenses $ ^{1} $ cleared is shown in Table 1-5. Deposit offenses where investment is solicited in disguise of investing in domestic or overseas businesses and financial products offenses constitute the majority.

Note 1: Receipt of contributions concerning various transactions of asset management with the purpose of moneymaking, offenses involving violations of the Act Regulating the Receipt of Contributions, Receipt of Deposits and Interest Rates (hereinafter referred to as the “Investment Act”), the Financial Investments and Exchange Act, and the Act on Prevention of Pyramid Sales.
Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Category
Number of offenses cleared (cases)	9	17	12	2008	29
Number of suspects arrested (persons)	41	73	86	2008	125

## (3) Other Economic Offenses

The number of real estate transaction offenses cleared in 2009 was 21 cases, and the number of persons arrested was 33 persons. Major applicable laws of cleared cases were the Building Lots and Buildings Transaction Business Act and the Building Standards Act.

### 8. Offenses Involving Food Safety and Environmental Offenses

## (1) Offenses Involving Food Safety

Offenses involving food safety $ ^{1} $ have increased in recent years, and in 2009 the number of cleared cases was 66 cases and the number of persons arrested was 132 persons. Of these, the number of false food origin labeling offenses was 34 cases and the number of persons arrested was 107 people, both increasing substantially to mark a record high since statistics were first compiled in 2002.

The modus operandi of false food labeling are becoming more malicious and ingenious, and in some cases, falsifying labels on food purpose conducted through food resale and falsifying food origin through repurchasing are also seen.

Note 1: Food sanitation-related offenses (violation of the Food Sanitation Act) and offenses involving false labeling of origin of food products (violation of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act).

Diagram 1-26 Trends in the Status of Clearances of Offenses Involving Food Safety (2005-2009)
Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Category
Number of cases cleared (cases)	26	25	52	37	66
Offenses related to food sanitation	18	20	48	21	32
Offenses with false labeling of origins of food	8	5	4	16	34
Number of suspects arrested (persons)	37	35	90	91	132
Offenses related to food sanitation	21	23	69	34	25
Offenses with false labeling of origins of food	16	12	21	57	107
Number of charges (companies)	7	4	5	24	37
Offenses related to food sanitation	1	1	3	5	6
Offenses with false labeling of origins of food	6	3	2	19	31

## (2) Environmental Offenses

Among the crimes that destroy the environment, the police particularly target illegal dumping of waste material as an area for emphasized enforcement, and tighten regulation focusing on organizational and wide-area offenses, those involving Boryokudans and those in which administrative guidance has been ignored. The police also promote early restoration and the prevention of further environmental damage by providing necessary information to the concerned entities.

The police are cracking down on offenses involving the illegal capturing of Japanese wild birds and animals, offenses involving smuggling of rare wild animals and plants or illegal trafficking domestically, and offenses involving the violation of the protection of animals and ecosystems.

Table1-7 Trends in the Situation of Cleared Waste Disposal Offenses (2005-2009)

Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Number of Cases Cleared (cases)	4,123	5,301	6,107	6,124	6,128
Number of Arrests (persons)	5,728	6,852	7,797	7,602	7,599
Number of Charges (companies)	527	423	549	481	554

Table1-8 Situation of Cleared Offenses related to Illegal Capturing of Wildlife and other Offences (2005-2009)

Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Cases/Persons	Cases	Persons	Cases	Persons	Cases	Persons	Cases	Persons	Cases	Persons
Offenses related to Protection of Birds and Animals	304	362	395	484	579	613	593	607	592	606
Offenses related to Welfare of Animals	181	199	226	266	247	266	277	291	247	259

Note 1: Refers to offenses related to the violation of the Wildlife Protection and Proper Hunting Act

2: Refers to offenses related to the violation of the Act on Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

## (3) Health and Sanitation Offenses

In recent years, the police are cracking down on offenses selling health food at exorbitant prices by taking advantage of people’s strong health-consciousness, underscoring the efficacy with unexplained medical grounds or advertising them as if they were effective in healing particular diseases or particular parts of the body on the basis of false narratives of purported current users, as well as offenses selling unauthorized food products that contain pharmaceutical products in violation of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act and offenses offering medical practices without proper qualifications in violation of the Medical Practitioners Act.
Table1-9 Trends in the Situation of Health-Related Offenses Cleared (2005-2009)

Year
Cases/Persons
Category	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
cases	persons	cases	persons	cases	persons	cases	persons	cases	persons
Total	261	439	268	413	384	568	362	458	353	420
Pharmaceutical affairs-related offenses	65	179	64	134	91	192	100	163	105	144
Medical profession-related offenses	46	105	44	97	48	105	50	84	34	66
Public health-related offenses	150	155	160	182	245	271	212	211	214	210

Note 1: Pharmaceutical affairs-related offenses are offenses involving violations of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act and the Pharmacists Act, etc.

2: Medical profession-related offenses are offenses involving violations of the Medical Practitioners Act and the Dental Practitioners Act, etc.

3: Public health-related offenses are offenses involving violations of the Food Sanitation Act and the Rabies Prevention Act, etc.

## (4) Other Statutory Offenses

In 2009, statutory offenses such as the illegal capturing of aquatic resources, illegal establishment of radio stations, and other offenses occurred.

Table 1-10 Trends in the Situation of Major Statutory Offenses Cleared (2005-2009)

Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Cases/Persons Category	Cases	Persons	Cases	Persons	Cases	Persons	Cases	Persons	Cases	Persons
Offenses regarding Fish Poaching	658	850	798	996	718	935	634	836	616	807
Offenses regarding Communications	1,410	1,415	2,056	2,104	1,680	1,691	1,099	1,107	859	860
Other	1,036	1,373	1,420	1,808	1,246	1,576	1,501	1,772	1,466	1,673
Total	3,104	3,638	4,274	4,908	3,644	4,202	3,234	3,715	2,941	3,340

Note 1: Refer to violation of Fisheries Act on poaching marine products and Act on the Protection of Fisheries Resources (including regulations of fisheries)

2: Refers to violation of Radio Act

### 9. Cybercrime

The Internet and other advanced information communications networks function as an infrastructure that supports the foundation of society and economy, and has improved the convenience of the lives of the people. On the other hand, there is a rise in the number of cybercrimes $ ^{1} $ every year and more advanced and diversified tactics are being employed.

## (1) Situation of Cybercrimes

## 1 ) Situation of Cybercrimes Cleared

The number of cleared cybercrimes $ ^{1} $ has been on a continuous rise and 6,690 cases were cleared in 2009. The number increased by 369 cases (5.8%) from the previous year and reached a record high.

Note 1: Crimes using advanced information communications networks and crimes targeting computers or electromagnetic records.
Diagram 1-28 Trends in the Number of Cleared Crimes Related to Online Dating Sites(2005-2009)

Note 1: Crimes that make use of advanced information and communications networks as an essential means of perpetrating them.

2: Websites which render services for people who want to socialize with unknown people of the opposite sex, where relevant information regarding such people is posted on the Internet so that website users can access this information and maintain communication with the concerned person through electronic mail or telecommunication.

3: Of the cases which arose from the use of websites other than online dating sites, cases relating to child victim cases of violations of the Child Prostitution/Pornography Act, Child Welfare Act, and Youth Protection Ordinances, and serious crimes.

## 3 ) Situation Regarding Consultations on Cybercrimes

In 2009, the number of consultations received by the Prefectural Police on cybercrimes was as shown in Table 1-12, an increase of 2.1% from the previous year. In particular, the number of consultations regarding fraud, fraudulent commercial transactions increased 6.7% compared to the previous year.

Additionally, the number of accesses to the Cyber Safety Consultation Website (http://www.npa.go.jp/cybersafety/) where people can register consultations via the Internet and receive answers was 155,867 in 2009.

Table 1-12 Trends in the Breakdown of Consultation related to Cybercrime (2005 - 2009)

Year	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	Year-on-year comparison
Category	comparison
Total ( cases )	84,173	61,467	73,193	81,994	83,739	1,745	2.1%
Fraud/fraudulent business practices	41,480	21,020	32,824	37,794	40,315	2,521	6.7%
Internet Auctions	17,451	14,905	12,707	8,990	7,859	$ \Delta $	1,131	$ \Delta $
Defamation/Slander	5,782	8,037	8,871	11,516	11,557	41	0.4%
Spam Mail	3,975	2,930	4,645	6,038	6,538	500	8.3%
Illegal/Harmful Information	5,317	4,335	3,497	4,039	3,785	$ \Delta $	254	$ \Delta $
Unauthorized Access/ Computer Viruses	3,965	3,323	3,005	4,522	4,183	$ \Delta $	339	$ \Delta $
Others	6,203	6,917	7,644	9,095	9,502	407	4.5%
## 2 ) Regulation of Illegal Information and Harmful Information

The police are making efforts to grasp the situation on illegal or harmful information on the Internet through cyber patrols $ ^{1} $ and reports from the Internet Hotline Center. For illegal information they are advancing crackdowns not only on illegal information but service providers of malicious websites that leave such information posted.

## (4) Preventive Measures for Cybercrime 1) Awareness Raising Activities

In order to improve public awareness and knowledge regarding information security, the police utilize various opportunities such as workshops held in collaboration with the police and provider liaison councils $ ^{2} $ , lectures held by the request of school officials, various seminars held in the local communities and information communications technology related events, where information security advisors and others conduct lectures. Additionally, the police publicize information on the present situation of cybercrimes, their methods, illegal and harmful information on the Internet, and countermeasures through the NPA website (http://www.npa.go.jp/), pamphlets for increasing public awareness, and information security related DVDs $ ^{3} $ .

## 2 ) Collaboration with the Private Sector

Since 2001, the NPA has been holding the Comprehensive Security Measures Conference $ ^{4} $ . At the conference in 2009, the topic for discussion was, “Preventive Measures on the Distribution of Stolen Items.” A report was compiled on the distribution of stolen car navigation systems on the Internet in March 2010 and based on the report, in collaboration with related businesses, the police are working to prevent the distribution of stolen car navigation systems on Internet auctions.

## 3 ) Measures for Suicide Warnings

In recent years, there have been many cases of suicide warnings posted on the Internet as well as cases where people appeal to others and find like-minded people to commit group suicide with. Based on the guidelines for dealing with cases related to suicide
warnings $ ^{5} $ , Prefectural Police are working to deal with suicide warnings on the Internet through information on postings of suicide warnings disclosed by Internet service providers. In 2009, the police dealt with 223 cases and 78 people were persuaded from committing suicide.

Note 1: Patrolling illegal information and harmful information by browsing websites or electronic bulletin boards.

2: The Prefectural Police established provider liaison councils comprised of related administrative agencies, Internet service providers, consumer organizations and others. The councils conduct information exchanges relating to the situation and methods of cybercrimes as well as on the prevention of cybercrimes, hold workshops, and create public relations material for the general public, among other activities.

3: These videos are also broadcast on cable television, posted on the website of the specified non-profit corporation, the POLICE Channel (http://www.police-ch.jp/), and can be borrowed from police stations and libraries.

4: A conference comprised of experts, related business providers, PTA representatives, and others. At the conference, examinations are performed for issues such as modalities for cooperation between industry and government pertaining to information technology.

5: Formulated in October 2005 by industry organizations in collaboration with the NPA and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC).
# Section 2. Development of Infrastructure for Clearing and Preventing Crimes

### 1. Strengthening Investigation Capabilities

## (1) Efforts to Improve Investigation Methods and Crackdowns

In investigation, it is necessary to prioritize objective evidences obtained by other investigation methods, and not to rely excessively on interrogation. The chairman of the NPSC holds study sessions on sophisticated investigation methods and interrogation, comprised of such external intellectuals as university professors and lawyers, striving for drastic research and study on the issues of investigation methods and interrogation.

## (2) Improving the Initial Investigation Structure and Strengthening Identification Activities

When an incident occurs, it is important to conduct a prompt and accurate initial investigation and arrest the criminal at or near the scene, or to secure evidence or testimonies from witnesses at the scene.

In order for the police to conduct prompt investigations using mobility, mobile investigation units are based in the Metropolitan Police Department and Prefectural Police Headquarters. When an incident occurs, they rush to the crime scene or related area in order to apprehend the criminal etc. The police also form mobile identification units (squads) and scientific inspection task forces etc. to strengthen crime scene identification activities as well as to advance research and development in related technologies, and develop and maintain equipment.

## (3) Information Sharing with the Ministry of Justice

The NPA and the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) have established a structure to cooperate and share necessary information between the two organizations in order to prevent the reoccurrence of crimes by those released of sex crimes targeting children, violent sex crimes, felonious crimes, and those on parole whose whereabouts are unknown, and those who are on probation with a suspended sentence. Since the start of this operation in June 2005 until the end of 2009, the police have received information from the MOJ on release of 700 offenders of sex crimes targeting children, and violent sex crimes. Since the start of this operation in September 2005 until the end of 2009, the police have received information from the MOJ on release of 120,000 offenders of ferocious crimes.