provided over five years for projects to reduce GHG emissions in developing countries.

Through these initiatives, Japan will actively cooperate with developing countries in their efforts to reduce emissions, and will also support developing countries suffering serious damage caused by climate change. In these ways Japan will strengthen solidarity with developing countries in order to tackle this global issue. Specific plans include projects to cope with climate change such as forest conservation and disaster prevention (droughts, floods, etc.), technical support for disaster prevention and planning adaptation measures, support for rural development through electrification by clean energy, yen loans for reductions of GHG levels through energy conservation measures, etc.

### 2. Cooperation with Individual Countries

Under these policies, Japan is currently working with about 60 countries to promote measures under the Cool Earth Partnership (as of October 2008).

Japan offered Indonesia the first yen loan scheme based on the Cool Earth Partnership in the amount of US$300 million as a climate change program loan. Indonesia has evaluated highly the ideas laid out by Japan to cope with climate change issues, such as the Cool Earth Promotion Programme. Indonesia, which hosted COP13 on Bali Island, is actively committed to creating a framework beyond 2012. The country has also made efforts to tackle global warming internally by formulating its own national strategy to address climate change. By supporting Indonesia's measures against climate change through policy dialogue, this program loan will contribute to (1) mitigation of global warming by carbon absorption and emission control through the creation of GHG emission reduction goals and roadmaps that reflect the ideas of the sectoral approach, (2) strengthening adaptability to the negative effects of climate change, and (3) responding to cross-sectoral issues of climate change.

Furthermore, in relation to Tuvalu, a country facing the negative impacts of climate change, Japan dispatched a mission to the country from February to March 2008 to seek out possibilities of cooperation in countermeasures for climate change issues. Based on the results of the investigation, Japan plans to promote cooperation with Tuvalu in three areas (seashore preservation, disaster prevention, and alternative energy).

Moreover, Japan promotes Cool Earth Partners meetings on occasions such as international conferences in order to help deepen their understanding of Japan’s views regarding the negotiations for the next framework for climate change. Japan also seeks to offer information to these countries through embassies.

Japan expects that these efforts will enhance the global reduction of GHG emissions and help developing countries overcome their fragility regarding climate change. Japan moreover hopes these measures will promote the active commitment of all parties to make the next framework effective.

No matter how stringent the measures countries take to reduce GHG emissions are, and regardless of whether a country is developed or developing, the whole world is currently facing the inevitable risks of climate change over the next few decades. Climate change issues will continue to be part of the most urgent development agenda. Japan will continue to be committed to its Cool Earth Partnership and will further promote policy dialogue with developing countries to concurrently seek GHG reductions and economic growth.