Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## （２）緑豊かな都市環境の形成

地球温暖化対策や生物多様性保全等の地球環境問題への適切な対応及び良好な自然的環境の保全と創出による緑豊かな都市環境の実現を目指し、市町村が策定する緑地の保全や緑化の推進に関する基本的な計画である「緑の基本計画」等に基づき、都市緑化及び緑地保全を推進している。また、緑豊かな都市公園の整備を推進するとともに、建築行為等の規制や土地の買入れにより樹林地等の保全を図る特別緑地保全地区や契約に基づき市民に緑地を公開する市民緑地制度等の活用により緑地の保全を図っている。さらに、社会資本整備総合交付金等により、これらの取組みを総合的に支援するとともに、道路・河川等との事業間連携を進め、水と緑のネットワークの形成を図っているほか、緑化地域制度や地区計画等緑化率条例制度等の活用により、民有地の緑化を推進している。

そのほか、全国「みどりの愛護」の集いなどの普及啓発活動を実施するとともに、緑化を進める方々への各種表彰制度や、企業自らの緑化・緑地保全に対する取組みを評価・認証するなど、様々な施策を展開して普及啓発を推進している。

## 歩行者・自転車優先の道づくりの推進

## ①人優先の安全・安心な歩行空間の形成

安全・安心な社会の実現を図るためには、歩行者の安全を確保し、人優先の安全・安心な歩行空間を形成することが重要である。特に子供にとって身近な道路の安全性を高めるため、通学路を主とした歩道等の整備を推進している。この際、市街地等といった歩道等の整備が困難な地域においては、路肩のカラー舗装や防護柵設置等の簡易な方法を含めた安全・安心な歩行空間の創出に取り組んでいる。

## ②安全で快適な自転車利用環境の創出

平成22年3月時点で、自転車道や自転車専用通行帯等の自動車や歩行者から分離された自転車通行空間の延長は約3,000kmとわずかである上、自動車の駐停車等により自転車の通行が阻害されるなど、道路の現況は自転車の車道通行にとって数々の問題を含んでいる。このため、自転車通行空間の整備と併せ、全ての道路利用者に自転車の通行ルールを徹底するなど、ハード、ソフトの両面から取組みを行い、自転車が安全で快適に通行できるとともに、歩行者の安全性が高まるような自転車の利用環境を創出することが喫緊の課題となっている。そこで、警察庁と連携し、有識者からなる検討委員会を開催し、自転車利用環境整備のためのガイドラインの検討を進めている。

## ③質の高い歩行空間の形成

歩くことを通じた健康の増進や魅力ある地域づくりを支援するために、豊かな景観・自然、歴史的事物等を結ぶ質の高い歩行空間を形成するウォーキング・トレイル事業により歩行者専用道路及び休憩施設の整備等を推進している。

## ④わかりやすい道案内の推進

地理に不案内な歩行者等に対して、目的地へのわかりやすい道案内の実施・支援に取り組んでいる。

## ⑤柔軟な道路管理制度の構築

自動車交通の一層の円滑化と安全に加え、安全な歩行空間としての機能や地域のにぎわい・交流の場としての機能等の道路が有する多様な機能を発揮し、沿道住民等のニーズに即した柔軟な道路管理ができるよう、（ア）指定市以外の市町村による国道又は都道府県道の歩道の新設等の特例、（イ）市町村による歩行安全改築の要請制度、（ウ）NPO等が設置する並木、街灯等に係る道路占用の特例、（エ）道路と沿道施設を一体的に管理するための道路外利便施設の管理の特例等を実施している。

## 第3節 利便性の高い交通の実現

## （1） 都市・地域における総合交通戦略の推進

安全で円滑な交通が確保された集約型のまちづくりを実現するためには、自転車、鉄道、バス等の輸送モード別、事業者別ではなく、利用者の立場でモードを横断的にとらえる必要がある。このため、地方公共団体が公共交通事業者等の関係者からなる協議会を設立し、協議会において目指すべき都市・地域の将来像と提供すべき交通サービス等を明確にした上で、必要となる交通施策や実施プログラム等を内容とする「都市・地域総合交通戦略」を策定（平成24年3月現在75都市で策定・策定中）し、関係者がそれぞれの責任の下、施策・事業を実行する仕組みを構築することが必要である。国は、同戦略に基づき実施されるLRT $ ^{注1} $ 等の整備等、交通事業とまちづくりが連携した総合的かつ戦略的な交通施策の推進を支援することとしている。

図表Ⅱ-4-3-1 都市・地域総合交通戦略の推進事例

資料）国土交通省

## （２）渋滞緩和に向けたTDM等の推進

自動車交通の状況や道路交通の混雑を解決する処方せんは都市ごとに異なるものであるが、TDM $ ^{注2} $ は都市の特性に応じて措置ができる施策であり、総合的かつ効果的なTDMの普及を推進している。朝夕のラッシュ時等に発生している渋滞を緩和するために、道路ネットワークの整備、ボトルネックの解消等の交通容量拡大策に加え、バスロケーションシステムの導入等の公共交通機関の利用促進策や、パークアンドライド $ ^{注3} $ 、時差通勤等のTDM施策を実施している。また、地域によっては、バス路線マップや個別冊子を住民に配布することで、自動車の使い方の見直しを促し、公共交通を有効に使うモビリティマネジメント $ ^{注4} $ を実施している。
## （３）公共交通の利用環境改善に向けた取組み

地域の公共交通について、バリアフリー化されたまちづくりの一環として、より制約の少ないシステムの導入等地域公共交通の利用環境改善を促進するために、地域公共交通確保維持改善事業により、LRT、BRT、ICカードの導入等を支援している。

## （４）都市鉄道ネットワークの充実

都市鉄道ネットワークは、輸送力増強による混雑緩和を主眼とした整備が進められてきた結果、相当程度拡充されてきた。その結果、大都市圏における鉄道の通勤・通学時の混雑は少子高齢化の進展等と相まって低下傾向にあるが、一部の路線では混雑率が180％を超えるなど依然として高く、引き続き混雑緩和に取り組む必要がある。このため、特定都市鉄道整備積立金制度を活用した小田急小田原線複々線化工事や東急東横線改良工事を進めている。

また、既存の都市鉄道ネットワークを有効活用しつつ、速達性の向上や交通結節機能の高度化を図ることを目的とする「都市鉄道等利便増進法」を活用し、相鉄・JR直通線や相鉄・東急直通線等の整備を進め、利用者利便を増進するなど、都市鉄道ネットワークの一層の充実を図っている。

図表Ⅱ-4-3-2 三大都市圏における主要区間の平均混雑率・輸送力・輸送人員の推移（指数：昭和50年度=100）

資料）（一財）運輸政策研究機構「都市交通年報」等により国土交通省作成

## （５）都市モノレール・新交通システム・LRTの整備

少子高齢化に対応した交通弱者のモビリティの確保を図るとともに、都市内交通の円滑化、環境負荷の軽減、中心市街地の活性化の観点から公共交通機関への利用転換を促進するため、LRT等の整備を推進している。平成23年度は、熊本市電（熊本市交通局）において、ヒートアイランド現象の緩和、走行騒音の低減を図るため、路面電車の軌道敷に芝生を張る軌道緑化事業が行われている。

## （6） バスの利便性の向上

資料）熊本市交通局

バスについては、バスを中心としたまちづくりを推進するオムニバスタウンの整備を始め、公共車両優先システム（PTPS）やバスレーン等を活用した定時性・速達性の向上、バスの位置情報を提供するバスロケーションシステム、円滑な乗降を可能とするICカードシステムの導入等を行い、利便性の向上を図っている。

## （７）既存高速道路ネットワークの有効活用・機能強化

## ①多様で弾力的な料金施策の実施

物流の効率化や地域の観光振興を図るため、高速道路の利便増進事業として、平日の全時間帯に3割引以上や、土日祝日に普通車以下を対象に終日5割引等を実施した。

なお、東日本大震災に対応するため、土日祝日上限1,000円は平成23年6月に廃止した。

図表Ⅱ-4-3-3 現行の料金割引と財源（NEXCO 地方部の例）

※首都圏、近畿圏の大都市近郊部を除いた区間資料）国土交通省
## ②高速道路の原則無料化

高速道路を徹底的に活用し、物流コスト・物価を引き下げ、地域経済を活性化するための高速道路の原則無料化に関し、平成22年6月から、全国の高速道路の約2割の区間（1,652km）で無料化社会実験を開始したが、東日本大震災に対応するため、平成23年6月に一時凍結した。

図表Ⅱ-4-3-4 高速道路無料化社会実験について

資料）国土交通省

## ③スマートインターチェンジの整備等の 促進

既存の高速道路ネットワークを有効に活用し、地域経済の活性化や渋滞の軽減等を図るため、スマートインターチェンジの整備等を促進している。

図表Ⅱ-4-3-5 スマートインターチェンジ周辺地域の開発誘発の例

(静岡県・遠州豊田スマートIC)
## The Outline of the Draft Budget for Fiscal Year 2012

Ministry of Health,

Labour and Welfare

(MHLW)
## MHLW-related Draft Budget for FY2012

(Unit: Billion yen)

Accounts	FY2011 Budget(A)	FY2012 Draft Budget(B)	Change(FY2011→FY2012)(C)(B)-(A))	% Change(FY2011→FY2012)(C)/(A)
General Account	28,963.8	26,687.3In addition, 2,487.9 for the Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions(※)	△2,276.5In addition, 2,487.9 for the Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions(※)	△7.9%(※※)
Special Account for the Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake (a tentative name)	—	127.6	127.6	—
Allocated in MHLW	—	28.3	28.3	—
Allocated in the Reconstruction Agency	—	99.3	99.3	—

[As a result of counting, the above allocations may shift to under different budget items.]

The National Subsidy Rate for the Basic Pension in FY2012 is maintained at $ \frac{1}{2} $ by issuing the “Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions” (a tentative name) to be redeemed by the expenditure budget (36.5%) and financial resources secured through the drastic tax reforms. The “Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions” (a provisional name) are issued in the amount of pension balance and investment income equivalent combined.
Draft General Account Budget of MHLW

for FY2012

Breakdown of social security related expenses

FY2011 Budget(A)	FY2012 Draft Budget(B)	Change(FY2011→FY2012)(C)(B)-(A))	% Change(FY2011→FY2012)(C)/(A)
Social security related expenses	28,515.3	26,215.2In addition, 2,487.9 for the Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions(※)	△2,300.1In addition, 2,487.9 for the Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions(※)	△8.1%
Pension	10,384.7	8,103.7In addition, 2,487.9 for the Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions(※)	△2,280.9In addition, 2,487.9 for the Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions(※)	△22%
Medical care	9,925	10,244.2	319.3	3.2%
Long-term care	2,203.7	2,339.2	135.5	6.1%
Welfare, etc.	5,747.3	5,307.9	△439.4	△7.6%
Employment	254.7	220.2	△34.5	△13.5%

[ As a result of counting, the above allocations may shift to under different budget items. ]

The National Subsidy Rate for the Basic Pension in FY2012 is maintained at $ \frac{1}{2} $ by issuing the “Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions” (a tentative name) to be redeemed by the expenditure budget (36.5%) and financial resources secured through the drastic tax reforms. The “Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions” (a provisional name) are issued in the amount of pension balance and investment income equivalent combined.
Special Account

(Unit: Billion yen)

Accounts	FY2011 Budget (A)	FY2012 Draft Budget (B)	Change (FY2011→FY2012) (C) ((B)-(A))	% Change (FY2011→FY2012) (C)/(A)
Special Account	83,856.3	84,357.9	501.5	0.6%
Special Account for Labour Insurance	4,256.9	3,888.7	$ \triangle $ 368.2	$ \triangle $ 8.6%
Special Account for Pensions	79,599.4	80,469.1	869.7	1.1%

※ Expenditure-based
## Major Measures under MHLW's Draft Budget for FY2012

Individual reform items included in the “Outline of the draft integrated tax and social security reform (social security part)”

I Support for children and childrearing II Medical and long-term care III Pension IV Promotion of employment and the realization of Decent Work V Strengthening of measures against poverty and economic disparities VI Innovation in medical care VII Measures for people with disabilities

### I. Support for Children and Childrearing

## 【The Child Allowance System】

【1 trillion 284 billion yen】

◆ Appropriation of the amount of money required for the Child Allowance System from FY2012 and after

【Enhancement of childcare services, such as the promotion of the elimination of waiting children, and regional childrearing support services

【491.9 billion yen】

Expansion of the number of children accepted at the daycare centers in order to resolve the problem of waiting children

◆ Enhancement of regional childrearing support services, including after-school children’s clubs, regional childrearing support centers, and the day-care service

【Enhancement of social care for children】

【94.2 billion yen】

◆ Improvement of staffing levels at orphanages

### I I. Medical and Long-term Care

### 1. Revision of fees

【Revision of medical fees】

【10 trillion 196.2 billion yen】

In order to create conditions for Japanese people and patients to receive safe and high-quality medical care services that they desire, the medical fee base is raised in the amount of approximately 550 billion yen (full fiscal year).

Overall revision rate +0.00% (+0.004%)
【Revision of long-term care fees】 【2 trillion 403.3 billion yen】

The long-term care fees are revised by 1.2% by taking into account the improvement of working conditions of long-term care staff, downward price trend, business conditions of long-term care operators, and the promotion of an integrated community care.

2. Promotion of home medical and long-term care 【3.5 billion yen】

【Development of personnel in charge of home team medical care】 【110 million yen】

◆ Conduct specialist trainings for the development of personnel responsible for home team medical care, in order to enhance their knowledge and skills and develop and expand the team medical care.

【Establishment of the bases for the implementation of home medical and long-term care (promotion of the collaboration system for home medical care)】 【2.3 billion yen】

In order to construct a support system for home care patients through the Specialist Teams, promote collaboration among medical institutions offering home medical care, based on local areas and the characteristics of diseases.

Additionally, establish the base pharmacies offering regional medical care and the support for nutrition care management in community, and enhance the bases for home care service, such as the “combined multiple services” where a combined service of multifunctional small group homes and home-visit nursing care is provided.

【Improvement of and support for services in response to individual diseases】 【1.1 billion yen】

☑ Promote efforts to improve and support services, including conducting researches in accordance with the characteristics of individual diseases, and activities that provide effective treatment and long-term care services in accordance with the conditions of home care patients’ diseases.

### 3. Promotion of other medical and long-term care

【Expansion of the establishment of regional medical support centers】 【730 million yen】

Increase the number of “regional medical support centers” set up by prefectures and promote activities aimed to resolve the uneven distribution of doctors in regional areas.
【Promotion of the provision of community care through the Specialist Team】

【770 million yen】

In order to strengthen the functions of integrated community care support centers as part of the build-up of the integrated community care system, support the construction of regional networks and the dispatch of professional staff to the “community care conference” where Specialist Teams collaborate.

【Promotion of measures against childhood cancer】 【400 million yen】

◆ Develop the designated hospitals for childhood cancer, build up a consultation and support system for patients with childhood cancer, and train medical staff in cancer treatment who treat childhood cancer and offer palliative care.

【Promotion of vaccination】【52.6billion yen】

【Strengthen measures against novel influenza】 【9.1 billion yen】

Increase and extension of the Provisional Special Fund for the Urgent Promotion of Vaccination against such as cervical cancer, and stockpile antivirals and pre-pandemic vaccine in bulk. (Prepared by the Forth Supplementary Budget of Fiscal Year 2011)

### I II. Pension

【Promotion of livelihood support for incurable disease patients (a research project on the treatment of specific diseases)】 【3.5 billion yen】

Boost the research project on the treatment of specific diseases in order to reduce the excess burden on part of prefectures.

$ ^{※} $ The “Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions” (a provisional name) are issued in the amount of pension balance (2 trillion 487.9 billion yen) and investment income equivalent combined.

【The government financial contribution to the pension payment】

【8 trillion 94.5 billion yen】
The National Subsidy Rate for the Basic Pension in FY2012 is maintained at $ \frac{1}{2} $ by issuing the “Government Compensation Bonds to Pay Pensions” (a tentative name) to be redeemed by the expenditure budget (36.5%) and financial resources secured through the drastic tax reforms.

## 【Price-indexation of pension benefits】

Under a special law, the amount of pension benefits has been kept unchanged, resulting in paying the benefits at a level 2.5% higher than the level adjusted through indexation. However, in order to reduce the burden on pension funds and secure the pensions for the working generation (future pension recipients) in the future, the pension benefits paid to the current pension recipients are reduced according to price-indexation in a planned manner.

【Comparison of paper ledgers and computer data regarding pension records】

【66 billion yen】

◆ Compare pension records of pension recipients on paper ledgers and computer and promote sending out necessary information on the results.

### I V. Promotion of Employment and the Realization of Decent Work

## Realization of full-participation society

【Strengthening of the employment support for new graduates through the promotion of the “Project to Promote Employment of College Students”】【11.2 billion yen】

☑ Strengthen the employment support for new graduates by implementing the “Project to Promote Employment of College Students,” targeting mainly students who are currently enrolled in universities, in order to reduce the number of unemployed college graduates.
【Strengthening of the employment support for job-hoppers (so called ‘freeters’) through the “Youth Step-up Program”】【6.5 billion yen】

☑ Promote the “Youth Step-up Program” by which the employment support of ‘freeters,’ such as the generation who underwent the employment ice age, is further strengthened through the promotion of the use of trial employment and vocational training.

【Job security until age 65 for all those who wish】

【4.4 billion yen】

Consider improving legislations in order to link employment and pensions and ensure employment of all those who are interested until age 65. In addition, provide necessary support for the activities of companies, such as providing subsidies to employers who hire older people close to retirement and wish to get employment through an employment agency in other firms where their knowledge and experience can be utilized.

【Promotion of the Project to Support the Development of Regional Human Resources through New Business Development】 【100 million yen】

◆ Industry groups in regions where local industries accumulate provide companies seeking to develop new businesses with support in cooperation with educational training institutions on, such as, the development of educational training curricula and implementation of educational training, from the viewpoints of revitalizing and ensuring employment in regions.

## Realization of Decent Work

【Development of new rules concerning fixed-term labour contract】

【53 million yen】

Consider establishing the legal system for the realization of employment stabilization and fair treatment for fixed-term contract workers based on the discussions in the Labour Policy Council, and take necessary measures.
【Ensuring equal and balanced treatment of part-time workers and promotion of transformation of them to ordinary workers】 【500 million yen】

☑ Provide instructions based on the Part-time Workers Act and support of experts for the implementation of job analysis and evaluation. Additionally, take necessary measures based on consideration given by the Labour Policy Council on the development of the legal system for ensuring the fair treatment of part-time workers.

Construction of multilayered safety nets

【Securing safety nets based on the employment insurance system】 【171.4 billion yen】

Based on the current severe employment situation, provisional measures are taken to extend the number of days for which unemployment benefits are paid (individual extension) (until the end of FY2011).

【Provision of employment support through the provision of vocational training and payment of allowances based on the Support System for Job Seekers】 【147.9 billion yen】

◆ Implement support for the early employment of job seekers by conducting vocational training for job seekers not covered by employment insurance to acquire new vocational abilities and skills and by paying allowances to support their living during the training period.

### V. Strengthening of Measures Against Poverty and Economic Disparities

【Enhancement of the “From Welfare to Employment” Support Project】 【4 billion yen】

☑ Strengthen employment support for welfare recipients based on agreements concluded between the local governments and the Public Employment Security Offices.
【Strengthening of employment and independent support measures for welfare recipients (trampoline functions) (new project)】【part of 23.7 billion yen】

For those welfare recipients who have difficulty landing on jobs immediately through ordinary employment support, support for improving the basic daily lifestyle, support for obtaining the basic skills and abilities that help them gain employment, and exploration of job openings on a case-by-case basis are implemented in a comprehensive manner.【Improvement of support for measures against children’s poverty (prevention of the “cycle of poverty)】

【part of 23.7 billion yen】

◆ Offer childrearing counseling and study support for children and their parents of households on welfare in order to prevent the “cycle of poverty.”

【Implementation of the Project to Promote Regional Settlement】

【part of 23.7 billion yen】

In order to promote social rehabilitation and local settlement of those who leave correction facilities and experience difficulty to become financially independent due to old age and disability, the “Regional Settlement Support Centers” and probation offices cooperate to provide consultation support for them during and after their placement in the facilities, in a consistent manner.

### V I. Innovation in Medical Care

Promotion of Life Innovation in an integrated manner

【Support for research development and practical application in individual focused areas】 【7.1 billion yen】

◆ Develop diagnostic and treatment methods and medicines for cancer, hepatitis B, and intractable and rare diseases, and promote activities towards the practical application of them, where public needs are high.

①Promotion of diagnosis and treatment research for cancer

②Promotion of research on the innovative development and the practical application of new drugs for hepatitis B

③Promotion of research on the diagnosis and treatment research for mood disorder

④Support for the development of medicines and medical devices for the treatment of rare diseases

⑤Promotion of regeneration medicine and iPS cell research

⑨Promotion of individualized medical care
## 【Preparation of and strengthening of functions of Core Clinical Research Hospitals】

☑ Establish Core Clinical Research Hospitals (a tentative name) in 5 locations to serve as the bases for conducting international-level clinical studies and playing a central role in implementing doctor initiated clinical trials, in order to create innovative drugs and medical devices based on Japan’s abundant basic research findings.

◆ Support the international-level clinical research conducted at core clinical research hospitals. Also, provide support for the establishment of the systems of and clinical studies carried out at the National Research Center for Advanced and Specialized Medical Care.

## 【Enhancement of the pharmaceutical approval review and safety measures in response to technological progress】

【2.1 billion yen】

Speed up the pharmaceutical approval review and strengthen safety measures against innovative drugs, medical devices, and regenerative medicine

①Establishment of the evaluation methods for safety and effectiveness and the development of human resources

②Promotion of research for the development of guidelines needed for accelerating the pharmaceutical approval review

③Strengthening of safety measures

④ Measures against the globalization of production and distribution

## 【Research and investigations on the evaluation of medical technologies based on cost-effectiveness】

【75 million yen】

As for the setting up of the insurance redemption price of medical technologies, etc., examine reported overseas cases and consider the possibility for technology adaptation, in order to conduct evaluations on technologies including their cost-effectiveness, while securing incentives for the evaluation and development of further innovation.
### V II. Measures for Persons with Disabilities

【Ensuring the availability of welfare services for persons with disabilities and the revision of fees】

【743.4 billion yen】

☑ Secure welfare services necessary for persons with disabilities to live in regional areas and places where they are used to live, in a planned manner.

☑ Revise the fees for welfare services for persons with disabilities by +2.0% in April 2012, and promote the improvement of the working conditions of welfare and long-term care staff, the provision of support for the regional life of the persons with disabilities, including the provision of transportation services for ambulatory care, and enhancement of the quality of the welfare services for persons with disabilities.

【Steady implementation of Community Life Support Service】

【45 billion yen】

☑ Steadily implement the provision of transportation and communication support, etc.. In addition, develop the consultation support system and enhance support for children with disabilities.

【Development of the infrastructure for the provision of the welfare service system for disabled children and people】

【11.7 billion yen】

☑ Promote the establishment of the base infrastructure for the “place of daytime activity,” where care for daily life and support for continuous employment are provided, and promote the development of the “place for living,” including group home, etc..

☑ Promote setting up “the core consultation support centers” and strengthening of the regional support functions of “the development support centers for children with disabilities and enhancing support for children with disabilities, including medical treatment and education through small groups in the facilities for children with disabilities, etc..

☑ Promote establishing the disaster prevention center, etc., where persons and children with disabilities can be accepted in emergency situations, at businesses providing welfare service for persons with disabilities and facilities for children with disabilities.