Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
# Section 6. Trends regarding Aum Shinrikyo and Police Countermeasures

## (1) Trends regarding Aum Shinikyo

In May 2007, a faction led by former spokesman Fumihiro Joyu split from Aum Shinrikyo (hereafter “the religious group”). The main faction of Aum Shinrikyo is now called Aleph. The group is attempting to revive its dangerous religion and strict practices, and continues to emphasize absolute belief in Chizuo Matsumoto (commonly known as Shoko Asahara). $ ^{1} $ In May 2008 the group updated its mission statement and rules for activities and took the name Aleph. The group has done away with the rule specifying that Matsumoto’s picture and educational materials alone must be used, and is attempting to return to its foundations.

Hikari no Wa, Joyu’s faction, has announced that it has disposed of the old teaching materials and writings produced by Aum Shinrikyo and is attempting to distance itself from Matsumoto. Among the two factions, Hikari no Wa has held on to a greater number of members since the Sarin Gas Incident. The founding of the group was ordered by Matsumoto to support the religious group. At that time, it became clear that the leader of the group was to be Fumihiro Joyu, who was also an important figure for the religious group. $ ^{2} $ It is thought that the group has changed its structure and separated itself from the influence of Matsumoto in an attempt to avoid surveillance. $ ^{3} $

Note 1: Aum Shinrikyo followers use PSI (commonly called “headgear”) during training to try and facilitate a flow of Matsumoto’s brainwaves to the minds of followers.

2: It was stated at the time Hikari no Wa was formed that Asahara Datsu was only the leader of Aum Shinrikyo as far as the outside world was concerned. The true leader of Aum Shinrikyo was said to be Matsumoto.

3: Regarding the monitoring of Aum Shinrikyo by the Public Security Investigation Agency under the law which has been in effect since February 2000 regarding the acts of mass indiscriminate violence perpetrated by the group, the Agency received permission to extend the period of monitoring until January 2012.

## (2) Promotion of Countermeasures for Aum Shinikyo

Three people on the NPA’s most wanted list are still on the run: Makoto Hirata, Katsuya Takahashi, and Naoko Kikuchi. The police are chasing these suspects through wide-spread cooperation with the people of Japan.

The police are severely cracking down on illegal acts of organization by the followers of Aum Shinrikyo. In 2008, along with arresting one person suspected of trying to export and share private electronic records with the goal of securing financial resources, the police searched four Aum Shinrikyo locations and confiscated approximately 1,100 documents.

In order to prevent acts of indiscriminate murder from occurring again, the police, in cooperation with relevant organizations, are making efforts to clarify the status of Aum Shinrikyo. At the same time, upon the request of people living close to Aum Shinrikyo facilities and relevant local entities, the police have been implementing patrols and other security measures in order to protect the peaceful lives or residents.
### Section 7. Trends in Rightist Movements and Countermeasures

## (1) Trends in Rightist Movements

1) Development of Criticism Activities

Rights are those engaged persistently in criticism activities surrounding territorial disputes, historical recognition, and other issues.

Regarding China, they took issues such as the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the incident of poisoned frozen dumplings made in China, regarding North Korea, issues such as the abductions of Japanese citizens, regarding South Korea, issues such as the Takeshima problem, and criticized the respective countries and the Japanese government.

The number of groups, people, and loudspeaker trucks which the rightists mobilized for the criticism activities above are shown in Table 4-3.

Table 4-3 Numbers Mobilized Involving Criticism Activities by Rightists (2008)

Number of Organizations Mobilized (organizations)	Number of Persons Mobilized (persons)	Number of Loudspeaker Truck Mobilized (trucks)
Regarding China	Approximately 3720	Approximately 10040	Approximately 2510
Regarding North Korea	Approximately 1320	Approximately 3950	Approximately 1100
Regarding South Korea	Approximately 1750	Approximately 4990	Approximately 1540
Regarding Russia	Northern Territories Day (7 February)	Approximately 160	Approximately 480	Approximately 170
Anti-Russian Day (9 August)	Approximately 280	Approximately 1290	Approximately 410

Note: Figures are in total.

## 2 ) Trends in Rightist-Related Incidents

In 2008, there were two incidents of “terrorism or guerilla”-type incidents which occurred.

Table 4-4 Overview of “Terrorism or Guerrilla Type” Cases (2008)

Date of Occurrence	Prefecture of Occurrence	Outline of the Event	Number of Arrested Persons
1 February	Tokyo	In protest to Japan’s participation in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, rightists gathered around the main gate of the head office of the Liberal Democratic Party and handed out leaflets calling for Japan’s withdrawal for the Olympics. They also threw containers of red paint at the main gate of the head office, making a mess. The police arrested the rightist for committing property damage on the same day.	1
6 February	Tokyo	In protest to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ response to Chinese nationals who committed property damage by destroying a rising sun flag at Yasukuni Shrine, a rightist broke into Ministry grounds, threw Molotov cocktails at the main gate of the Ministry, lighting it on fire, and then stabbed himself in the stomach with a sashimi knife. The police arrested the rightist on the same day for breaking the law by throwing a Molotov cocktail.	1
## Diagram 4-11 Trends in the Situation of Clearances of Terrorist or Guerrilla-type Cases (1999-2008)

Note: All cases cleared between December 2003 and January 2004 regarding incidents caused by “Kenkoku Giyugun Kokuzoku Seibatsutai” (nation-building volunteer corps to conquer traitors) members (24 cases cleared, 91 persons arrested) are calculated in the number in 2004.

## Diagram 4-12 Trends in the Situation of Clearances of Rightists-Related Cases (2004 -2008)

The state of arrests and clearances concerning illegal acts by rightists (or those incidences related to rightists) in 2008 is shown in Diagram 4-12. Among them, the state of arrests and clearances of incidences associated with rightist operations $ ^{1} $ is as follows.

## Situation of arrests and clearances of rightist operations-associated incidences

Cases cleared: 130 cases (7.7% of total cases cleared)

Persons arrested: 212 persons (11.4% of total arrests)

Note 1: Cases which have been caused by rightists during the process of carrying out loudspeaker truck activities and protest activities.

In addition, the state of arrests and clearances of cases aiming to acquire funding such as extortion and frauds is as follows. As they consist of 44.8% of total cases cleared not including offenses of the Road Traffic Act, such malignant funding acquisition activity have not shown to subside.

## Situation of arrest and clearances of cases aimed to acquire funding:

Cases cleared: 339 cases (44.8% of total cases cleared not including offenses of the Road Traffic Act)

Persons arrested: 444 persons (48.4% of total arrests not including offenses of the Road Traffic Act)

Moreover, the situation of gun seizure from rightists and related persons is as follows; it is thought that most of these guns are obtained from crime syndicates.

## Situation of gun seizure from rightists and related persons

Seizures in 2008: 7 guns (a decrease of 9 (56.3%) from the previous year

Seizures in the last five years: 85 guns (seizures from persons related to crime syndicate: 49 guns (57.6%))

## (2) Promotion of Countermeasures against Rightist Groups

1) Prosecution of Illegal Acts toward Prevention of “Terrorism or Guerilla”-Type Incidents

In order to prevent the occurrence of “terrorism or guerilla”-type incidents instigated by rightists, the police are putting thorough commitment into the clearance of illegal acts by applying various laws, with a focus on fire-arms related crimes and crimes aimed at acquiring funds.

## 2 ) Promotion of Measures against Loudspeaker Trucks

Among the loudspeaker truck activities by rightists, the police are working toward thorough control of those which are malignant and may affect the peaceful lives of citizens, by applying various laws.

## Situation of control in 2008

Suspension or cancellation orders (96 cases), adjournments (152 cases), on-site inspections (16 cases) based on the Anti-Noise Ordinance

Arrests for extortion, defamation crimes, and violation of the Acts Concerning Punishment for Physical Violence and Others (37 cases, 62 persons)
buildings, the police are working to encourage the public to supply a broad range of information by putting up posters about the groups.

In 2008, the police uncovered four secret hideouts of The Revolutionary Marxist Faction, arresting 109 people as a result of these raids.
### Section 9. Trends in the Japanese Communist Party

(1) Trends in the Japanese Communist Party

Following the Japanese Communist Party Central Committee 5th Plenum in September 2007, the Japanese Communist Party announced the goal of “bringing in new members into each branch of the party” and stated that it would aim to recruit 14,000 new members in approximately one year and four months.

Diagram 4-13 Increase and Decrease of the Number of Party Members and Party Newsletter (1977-2006)

Note: The figure is published by the party.

Additionally, noting that 20-30% of new recruits are those in their 20s and 30s who identify with the party’s positions on precarious work and the social security and elderly care system (Long-Term Care, Health and Welfare Services for the Elderly), the party is plotting the continued expansion of its membership base.

With the goal of “encouraging young members of leading party bodies who are to assume future leadership roles in the Party,” the second term of the Japanese Communist Party’s “Special Party School” took place in Shizuoka Prefecture in February and August of 2008. At the Japanese Communist Party Central Committee 6th Plenum held in July of the same year, the Party strengthened its support for the Democratic Youth League of Japan, an organization which fosters young party members for work in leading party bodies, stating that “Many of the central activists currently supporting the party are those who spent their youth as part of the Democratic Youth League of Japan. The future of the organization is extremely significant for the future of the party’s progressive activities.” Regarding joint activities between the Party and the League, the Party stressed the creation of a “Democratic Youth League built from among the greatest youth.”

## (2) Trends in the National Confederation of Trade Unions (Zenroren)

The Zenroren (National Confederation of Trade Unions) was formed under the guidance and support of the Japanese Communist Party at its 23rd Convention in July 2008 with the goal of seeing the constitution of Japan implemented in the countryside and in workplaces. Zenroren has set its course of action for the next two years around the issues of “eliminating poverty,” “creating countryside regions in which
people want to continue to live” and “creating a Japan which does not participate in or start wars.” In addition to formally starting a “Contingent Workers Action Center” to support initiatives to strengthen the positions of dispatch and part-time workers, the group has built a system to expand its organization through the establishment of an “organizational expansion promotion fee.”
### Section 10. Trends in Popular Movements

## (1) Peace Movements

Labor unions and mass groups have taken up the constitution revision issue. Between May 4-6, a “Global Article 9 Meeting” was held in Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture which attracted approximately 2,000 people (according to event organizers) who claim that “The world is beginning to choose Article 9.”

Additionally, demonstrations and meetings were organized regarding the deployment of the nuclear-powered super-carrier USS George Washington to Yokosuka Naval Base. Protesters gathered in Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture under the message, "Don't allow the deployment of a nuclear-powered super-carrier!" A demonstration on July 13 gathered approximately 30,000 people (according to organizers) and a protest on July 19 gathered approximately 15,000 people (also according to organizers).

In addition, mass groups also held protest meetings and demonstrations regarding the political situation of Tibet in China when the Olympic torch relay passed through Nagano and when important Chinese nationals have visited Japan.

## (2) Anti-Nuclear Movements

Anti-nuclear groups have organized protest meetings and demonstrations regarding the official start of work at the Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited Reprocessing Center (Rokkasho Village, Aomori Prefecture), a business facility built to create MOX fuel (a combination of plutonium and various types of raw uranium) for use in nuclear power generation. On April 12 and June 7, 2008, groups gathered in Aomori City, Aomori Prefecture under the message “Stop Reprocessing!”

Additionally, groups also organized protest meetings and demonstrations on June 28 and 29 in Kashiwazaki City in Niigata Prefecture regarding the stopping of the Kashiwazaki Kikariwa Nuclear Reactor as a safety precaution following The Niigata Prefecture Chuetsu-oki Earthquake in July 2007, and on December 6 2008 regarding the continuation of operations of the Fast Breeder Reactor “Monju” in Tsurugashi City, Fukui Prefecture.

## (3) Extreme Popular Movements Spread from Overseas

Extremely violent forces gathered to protest globalization during the July 2008 Hokkaido Toyako Summit. A variety of protest meetings and demonstrations were held by groups connected to overseas organizations, including an approximately 5,000 person (according to organizers) protest in Sapporo City, Hokkaido, in May 2008. Among the protesters were spotted those wearing all black clothing in the fashion of “black blocs.” $ ^{1} $

In addition, in February 2008 in the South Arctic Sea, the US environment protection group “Sea Shepherd” repeatedly engaged in dangerous, obtrusive acts such as crashing their ship into, and throwing smoke grenades and bottles containing chemicals, at Japan’s whaling and investigation ship. The group also engaged in obstructive activities in January and March 2008, such as throwing bottles containing chemicals and activists climbing on board.

Note 1: A group of people who conduct extreme protection acts including violent actions such as lapidation while wearing black cloths and masks with the aim of hindering international conferences. Also refers to the methods of such groups.
Aomori, Akita, Yamagata, Chiba, Kanagawa, Niigata and Yamanashi dispatched a total of 60 helicopters over 17 days. For the Iwate Coast Earthquake, the NPA and the prefectural police organizations of Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata and Fukushima dispatched 160 people for region-wide emergency support teams. The NPA and the prefectural police organizations of Hokkaido, Miyagi, Chiba, Kanagawa and Niigata dispatched 10 helicopters over two days in response to the earthquake.

## 2 ) Heavy Rain and Typhoons

Within 2008, there were heavy rains in the Hokuriku and Kinki regions on July 28-29 which caused around 80 mm of rain to fall within one hour, as well as a typhoon in the southern part of Kyushu brought on by a low-pressure front in the southern part of the Sea of Japan which caused record rainfall (heavy rains at the end of August 2008) in the Tokai, Kanto, Chukoku and Tohoku regions. These two weather phenomenon caused record short-term and local rainfall across Japan. The two storms led to 20 deaths/missing person cases and 49 injuries (as of April 30, 2009).

The relevant Prefectural Police set up Disaster Security Headquarters and engaged in gathering of damage information, provided evacuation guidance for isolated residents, and conducted searches of missing persons. In addition, the NPA and relevant regional police bureaus set up a disaster security information office and took necessary measures such as gathering of relevant information and coordinating communication with relevant agencies.

## (2) Measures against Novel Influenza

Measures in response to novel influenza are quickly becoming an urgent topic domestically and abroad. In December 2005 the government established an “Action Plan to Counter Novel Influenza” and is continuing on with measures against the issue. The NPA created an “NPA Novel Influenza Response Committee” in April 2008 and established an “NPA Action Plan to Counter Novel Influenza” in September of the same year (amended in March 2009).

With the occurrences of novel influenza (A/H1N1) domestically and abroad since April 2009, the NPA has established action plans in each prefectural police organization in line with the “NPA Action Plan to Counter Novel Influenza.” Working together with the relevant organizations, the NPA is providing support to strengthen security activities at international airports and along the shoreline, and as needed, is providing support the medical activities of security personnel at health care institutions as well as support to control any crime borne out of chaos caused by novel influenza. The NPA is carrying out a wealth of activities to maintain social order.
## (3) Crowd Security

In events such as festivals and celebrations, where there is fear of accidents caused from the gathering of a large number of people, the police request event organizers and facility managers to take necessary safety measures prior to the events. Besides this, when it is deemed necessary for deployment of police units, they create a crowd security plan, and allocate officers, conduct traffic regulation, and arrange for publicity of the area which expect a large crowd.

In addition, based on the lessons learned from the incident in July 2001 in Akashi, Hyogo Prefecture, the police are working to thoroughly review the basic points of consideration and establish a framework to prevent crowd accidents.

## Table 4-10 Trends in the Situation of Crowd Security Implementation (2004-2008)

year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Crowd (1,000 persons)	635,799	664,853	629,746	639,847	639,889
Police Officers Mobilised (1,000 persons)	509	499	501	497	505
## Chapter V

# Public Safety Commission System and Police Activity Support

### Section 1. The Police Organization

## (1) The Public Safety Commission System

The Public Safety Commission System was established with the thought that – given the strong executive power of police administration and in order to see that the administration maintains political neutrality and guards against self-righteous operations – it would be appropriate to have a system through which people representing the good sense of the public supervise the police. The National Public Safety Commission is in place to manage the NPA and the Prefectural Public Safety Commissions to manage Prefectural Police. The Minister of State is positioned as the Chairman of the NPSC to facilitate a balance between the two requisitions: ensuring political neutrality and clarifying the Cabinet’s responsibilities regarding public safety.

## (2) National Police Organization

While the Prefectural Police assume all duties, the NPA, as a national organization, bears the responsibility of making proposals for the police system as well as the role of carrying out police operations related to matters of national safety and coordinating police administration and duties at the heart of police activities, such as education and training, communication, and criminal investigation. Also, under the supervision of the NPSC, the Commissioner General of the NPA supervises and controls Prefectural Police organizations within the NPA’s defined duties.

Diagram 5-1 National Police Organization (2009)

Note: The Director for Prevention of Money Laundering is established in the Organized Crime Control Bureau on 1 April 2007.
## (3) Prefectural Police Organizations

As of 1 April 2009, 1,201 Prefectural Police Headquarters and the Prefectural Police Schools are

Note: Prefectures that include cities designated under Article 252 item 19 of the Local Autonomy Act

Prefectures designated as of April 2009 are Miyagi, Saitama, Chiba, Kanagawa, Niigata, Shizuoka, Aichi, Hyogo, Okayama, Hiroshima and Fukuoka.
### Section 3. Activities of Regional Police Bureaus (RPBs)

## (1) Role of Regional Police Bureaus (RPBs)

Seven Regional Police Bureaus (RPBs) (Hokkaido, Kanto, Chubu, Kinki, Chugoku, Shikoku and Kyushu) are established within the NPA as its regional organizations. The RPB take partial control of the NPA’s functions in order to handle duties efficiently.

Tokyo and Hokkaido are deemed outside of the RPB’s jurisdiction and if necessary the NPA directly controls and supervises them. Also, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Info-Communications Department and the Hokkaido Prefectural Police Info-Communications Department have been established as the nation’s local agencies.

## (2) Main Duties of RPBs

The following duties are mainly implemented by the Regional Police Bureaus.

## 1 ) Inspections of the Prefectural Police

As public reform since 2000, the inspection functions of the RPB have been strengthened, the General Affairs and Inspection Department (Inspection Department in the Kanto RPB; restructured into the Coordination Department in the Chugoku RPB and the Shikoku RPB) was established in each RPB and inspections is implementing for the Prefectural Police in each region. During FY2008, RPBs implemented a total of 1,327 inspections to the Prefectural Police.

## 2 ) Inter-Prefectural Coordination

RPBs provide guidance and coordination to the Prefectural Police regarding matters such as measures against organized crime, crimes committed by foreigners in Japan, and joint investigations of case that require inter-prefectural handling. Furthermore, the RPB ensures uniformity in inter-prefectural traffic management and measures through such means as coordinating on highway traffic regulations during bad weather conditions, enforcing breath tests, and cracking down on motorcycle gangs gathering to see
the first sunrise of the New Year.

## 3 ) Responses to Large-Scale Disasters

In times of emergency, such as in the occurrence of a large-scale disaster $ ^{1} $ , or at other times, RPBs collect and analyze disaster information, as well as coordinating the dispatch of the Inter-prefectural Emergency Rescue Unit comprised of RPBs and mobile police info-communications units.

## 4 ) Police Info-Communications

Info-Communications Department of the Regional Police Bureau and Prefectural Info-Communications Departments are handling the expansion and management of info-communications networks linking the NPA with the Prefectural Police. Also a technical unit called the Cyber Force is set up to carry out activities including prevention of cyber terrorism and the spread of damage.

## 5 ) Support of Investigation against Cyber Crime

In order to respond to cyber crimes, personnel from Info-Communications Departments are dispatched to the sites where Prefectural Police conduct activities including search and seizures and other investigations. They also support criminal investigations conducted by Prefectural Police by providing technical support including preventing destruction of magnetically recorded data in the recording media, confirming the settings and connection status of computers, and retrieving magnetically recorded evidence.

## 6 ) Education and Training

Training at the time of promotion, specialized training, etc. are being conducted in Regional Police School, appurtenant to Regional Police Bureau, mainly for Prefectural Police personnel ranked Assistant Police Inspector and Police Sergeant.

Note 1: Earthquakes with shindo 6 or over (5 or over in the Metropolitan Tokyo) or other major earthquakes