Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
involved parties and the early dissolution of traffic buildup by fast-tracking the handling of accidents, a support system for each investigation, such as equipment that automatically records traffic accidents $ ^{1} $ , as well as a system which leaves out on-scene inspections of certain minor accidents, are being utilized.

## (4) Promotion of Assistance Considering the Feelings of Traffic Accident Victims (Refer to Page 183)

The police have been making continuous effort to ensure appropriate victim support is carried out for victims and their bereaved families (hereafter referred to as “victims”) under the “Basic Plan for the Victims of Crimes” enacted in December 2005. In addition to carrying out investigations while placing consideration to their requests and sentiments, the police inform the victims of hit-and-run cases, cases equivalent to dangerous driving resulting in death and injuries, fatal traffic accidents or cases in which it takes three months after accidents for the recovery of heavy injuries of such information as the outline of the accident, the progress of investigation, and the status of arrests of suspects in line with the “Guidelines for Contact with Victims” $ ^{2} $ . from early stage.

Several other efforts include the revision of the “Booklet for victims” in which detailed explanation was added on criminal procedures and compensation systems to victims and the creation and distribution of different types of “Booklet for victims” differing in contents by characteristics of the accidents and needs, and leaflets to be handed out at accident sites which introduces various consultation offices.

Moreover, since April 2008, other than assigning Traffic Accident Investigation Instructors in Traffic Investigation Divisions at Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department and Prefectural Police Headquarters, as well as securing systematic and unified liaison measures with the victims, education and training to those traffic accident investigators are being strengthened so as to assert that adequate responses by considering the feelings of the victims.

Note 1: A device which reacts to collision sounds and slip sounds of traffic accidents, and records the situation of the moment before and after the accident

2: In order to expect the positive implementation of reporting of investigation situation to the victims of hit-and-run and other cases, it was enacted in 1996 and has set about the incidents to be covered and the contents of reporting.
### Section 15. Substitute Driving Business

## (1) Current Status of the Substitute Driving Business

The number of persons operating substitute-driving businesses has been consistently increasing after the enforcement of the Act on Promoting Proper Substitute Driving Business (hereafter referred as “Substitute Driving Business Act”). In particular, the number has been significantly increasing since August 2005 when drunken driving became a social issue.

The Substitute Driving Business Act stipulates that persons operating a substitute driving business must receive approval from Prefectural Public Safety Commissions, as well as specifying that obligatory measures be taken to provide compensation for losses incurred by accidents which occur during business operations. Moreover, from June 2004, drivers of ordinary vehicles for substitute driving must obtain a second-class license.

Table 3-13 Trends in the Number of Recognized Substitute Driving Agencies (2004-2008)

Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Number of Applications Received (cases)	6,771	7,774	8,863	10,380	11,687
Number of Recognized Agencies (agencies)	5,635	6,010	6,447	7,253	7,763
Number of Employees of Substitute Driving Business (persons)	62,296	64,570	69,762	77,944	81,274
Number of Vehicles for Accompaniment (vehicles)	22,883	23,817	25,332	28,002	28,347

## (2) Securing the Propriety of Substitute Driving Businesses

In order to ensure fair operation of substitute driving businesses, the police collect reports from substitute driving businesses, conduct on-site inspections, and strongly enforce regulations on uncertified operators and illegal acts, including violations of the obligation to take measures for compensation for damages and violations of the Road Transportation Law, as well as ordering the suspension of such businesses. Since the implementation of the Substitute Driving Business Act until the end of 2008, there were 2,266 cases where administrative punishments such as orders based on the Substitute Driving Business Act were imposed and 300 cases relating to uncertified operations, violations of the obligation to take measures for compensation for damages, and allowance of driving without license.

Moreover, through the guidance of the Japan Driving Agent, the police are working on the sound development of the business.

## (3) Promoting the spread of substitute driving business as means to eradicate drunken driving

From the viewpoint of drunken-driving extermination, sound development of substitute driving business is indispensable. From the point of view of eradicating drunk driving, wide promotion of substitute driving as the means for this is important. The police, in tandem with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, formulated the “Program for the Improvement of the Environment and Use of the Substitute Driving Services” to explore ways to improve customers’ convenience and safety as well as the sound operation of substitute driving businesses on February 2008, and advance measures to improve the safety and quality for the usage of these services.
# Chapter IV. Maintenance of Public Safety and Disaster Countermeasures

### Section 1. Situation of International Terrorism

## (1) Islamic Extremists and Other Extremists

One Japanese citizen was among the 160 casualties of the series of terrorist attacks which occurred in Mumbai, India in 2008. As shown in Table 4-1, the number of terrorism incidents around the world is increasing. Despite the strengthening of terrorism countermeasures by governments of all countries since the terrorist attacks on the United States on 11 Sept 2001, the threat of terrorism by Islamic extremists remains as high as ever. Among them, Al-Qaeda is attracting Islamic extremists in the world as the symbol of jihad (holy war) against the United States.

Moreover, it is believed that Islamic extremist organizations such as Al-Qaeda are forming networks of extremist thought; specifically, extremist organizations and their supporters are thought to be making effective use of the internet to spread extremist thought and recruit constituent members.

Through such means, it has recently been observed that organizations that do not have a direct connection to Al-Qaeda’s core (the leadership) are propagating terrorism schemes in various parts of the world. In particular, every country in the world now recognizes that there is a danger of individuals with no connection to terrorist organizations otherwise being influenced by extremist thought spread through the internet, leading them to carry out terrorist activities.

Table 4-1 Major Incidents of International Terrorism in 2008

Date	Incident
2 Jun.	The bombing of the Embassy of Denmark in Islamabad, Pakistan
1 Jul.	The exposure of a terrorist plot in Palembang, Indonesia
7 Jul.	The bombing of the Embassy of India in Kabul, Afghanistan
19 Aug.	The bombing of a prefectural police school in Algiers, Algeria
17 Sep.	The bombing of the Embassy of the United States in Sana'a, Yemen
20 Sep.	The bombing of a US-company-owned hotel in Islamabad, Pakistan
26 Nov.	The series of terrorist attacks in Mumbai, India

## (2) The Threat of Terrorism against Japan

Japan is included on the list of terrorism targets of Al-Qaeda, and it has been confirmed that those connected to Al-Qaeda have illegally entered and left the country in the past years. Japan is faces a serious threat of large scale and indiscriminate terrorism within the country, and Japanese citizens face the threat of terror while abroad.

Diagram 4-1 Threat of Terrorism against Japan
## (3) The Japanese Red Army and the "Yodo-go" Group

## 1 ) The Japanese Red Army

The leader of the Japanese Red Army (JRA) Fusako Shigenobu, who is currently on trial $ ^{1} $ for the Hague incident $ ^{2} $ and other crimes, declared the dissolution of the JRA in April 2001 from her prison cell, and announced that the organization had been broken up officially in May of the same year. However, members of the organization are continuing their activities under different organizational names and thus still pose a threat.

The police are strengthening their cooperation with relevant domestic and overseas agencies, and are promoting efforts toward clarifying the activity status of member organizations. The police have arrested seven members of the JRA who were previously on an international wanted list.

## 2 ) The “Yodo-go” Group

The hijacking of the Yodo-go took place on 31 March 1970, when nine people, together with Takamaro Tamiya, hijacked Japan Airlines Flight 351 from Tokyo to Fukuoka, commonly known as the "Yodo-go," and landed in North Korea. Currently, five suspects involved in the hijacking and three of their wives and children are thought to reside in North Korea $ ^{3} $ . Arrest warrants have been issued for three of the suspects for kidnapping Japanese nationals.

Moreover, regarding the wives of the “Yodo-go” perpetrators and other group members, the five who have returned to Japan were arrested for breaking the Passport Act (and have been ordered to surrender their passports) and other reasons. All five have been found guilty. 20 of the perpetrator’s children have returned to the country. The police have placed the Yodo-go perpetrators on an international wanted list, and through Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan have requested from North Korea the transfer of the hijackers. The police are also carrying out a full investigation into the activities of the Yodo-go group.

Note 1: In February 2006, Shigenobu was sentenced to 20 years in prison at the Tokyo District court, and in March of the same year, her defense, along with the prosecuting council, appealed to the Tokyo High Court in an objection to this verdict. However, in December 2007, this was rejected and her defense appealed to the Supreme Court of Japan in January 2008.

2: The incident where three people, including Junzo Okudaira, seized the French Embassy at Hague, Netherlands and the 11 ambassadors were confined as hostage in September 1974.

3: It is assumed that one of the five suspects involved in the hijacking and one of their wives is dead, but this has not been confirmed.

## (4) Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea)

## 1 ) Suspected Cases of Abduction by North Korea

The police currently judge there to be a total of 13 cases (19 victims) which can be considered kidnapping cases by North Korea. These include 12 cases in which Japanese citizens were kidnapped (17 victims) and one case in which North Korean nationals were kidnapped while within Japan (2 victims). The police have issued arrest warrants for 11 people suspected of involvement in 8 cases, and have placed these suspects on international wanted lists.
Table 4-2 Suspected Cases of Abduction by North Korea (12 cases, 17 persons)

Occurrence Period	Occurrence Place	Victim (Age at that time)	Case (Incident) Name
1	September-77	Fugeshi District (present Housu District), Ishikawa Prefecture	Mr.Yutaka Kume (52)	Ushitsu Incident
2	October-77	Yonago City, Tottori Prefecture	Ms. Kyoko Matsumoto (29)	Suspected abduction case of a girl
3	November-77	Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture	Ms. Megumi Yokota (13)	Suspected abduction case of a girl
4	Around the month of June 1978	Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture	Mr. Minoru Tanaka (28)	Suspected abduction case of a former restaurant worker
5	Around the month of June 1978	Unknown	Ms. Yaeko Taguchi (22)	Suspected abduction case of Ri Unhye
6	July-78	Obama City, Fukui Prefecture	Mr. Yasushi Chimura (23) Ms. Fukie Chimura (original family name: Hamamoto) (23)	Suspected abduction case of a couple (Fukui) (Note 1)
7	July-78	Kashiwazaki City, Niigata Prefecture	Mr. Kaoru Hasuike (20) Ms. Yukiko Hasuike (original family name: Okudo) (22)	Suspected abduction case of a couple (Niigata) (Note 2)
8	August-78	Hioki District (present Hioki City), Kagoshima Prefecture	Mr. Shuichi Ichikawa (23) Ms. Rumiko Masumoto (24)	Suspected abduction case of a couple (Kagoshima)
9	August-78	Sado District (present Sado City), Niigata Prefecture	Ms. Hitomi Soga (19) Ms. Miyoshi Soga (46)	Suspected abduction case of a mother and daughter (Note 3)
10	Around the month of May 1980	Europe	Mr. Toru Ishioka (22) Mr. Kaoru Matsuki (26)	Suspected abduction case of Japanese males in Europe
11	Mid-June 1980	Miyazaki City, Miyazaki Prefecture	Mr. Tadaaki Hara (43)	Sin Kwang Su incident
12	Around the month of July 1983	Europe	Ms. Keiko Arimoto (23)	Suspected abduction case of a Japanese female in Europe

Note: Five people, namely Mr. Yasushi Chimura, Ms. Fukie Chimura (original family name: Hamamoto), Mr. Kaoru Hasuike, Ms. Yukiko Hasuike (original family name: Okudo), and Ms. Hitomi Soga returned to the country in October 2002 after 24 years.

In addition, aside from the above, the police are making accusations in cases which seem to be abduction by North Korea and accepting consultations and petitions regarding these cases. The police are strengthening linkages with relevant organizations and working to promote necessary investigations and surveys.

Although North Korea agreed regarding to a survey into the exact situation of the abduction issue at a Japan-North Korea Working-level meeting in August 2008, this survey is being put off in favor of exchange between the two heads of state.
Diagram 4-2 Suspects on the International Wanted List (Related to the Suspected Abduction Cases)

Case (Incident) Name	Suspected Abduction Case of a Japanese female in Europe	Ushitsu Incident	Suspected abduction case of a couple (Fukui)
Sin kwang Su Incident	Sin Kwang Su Incident	Suspected abduction case of a mother and daughter (Niigata)	Suspected abduction case of a couple (Niigata)
Suspect	Kimihiro Uomoto (original family name: Abe)	Kim Se Ho	Sin Kwang Su	Kim Gil Uk	alias: Kim Myung Sook	alias: Choi Seung Cheol

Date put on the International Wanted List	October 2002	January 2003	September 2002 (Suspected posing as Mr. Hara) / March 2006 (Suspected abduction of the Chimuras) / April (Suspected abduction of Mr. Hara)	April 2006	November 2006	March 2006
Case (Incident) Name	Suspected abduction case of a couple (Niigata)	Suspected abduction case of a sister and a brother	Suspected abduction case of a Japanese male in Europe
Suspect	alias: Han Geum Nyeong	alias: Kim Nam Jin	Yoko Kinoshita so-called
Hong Su Hye	Yoriko Mori	Sakiko Wakabayashi (original family name: Kuroda)

Date put on the International Wanted List	February 2007	February 2007	April 2007	July 2007	July 2007

## 2 ) Major Terrorist Incidents by North Korea

Since the Korean War, North Korea has been in a military standoff with the Republic of Korea over the boundary between the North and South, and its agents have caused incidences of terrorism around the world as part of terrorist activities against the Republic of Korea.

Among such incidents, the bombing of a Korean Air Lines plane in 1987 was carried out by an agent disguised as a Japanese national.

## Diagram 4-3 Major Incidents of Terrorism by Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Attempted Attack on the Cheong Wa Dae (Blue House), the Official Office and Residence of the President of South Korea

In January 1968, 31 North Korean armed guerrillas disguised as South Korean soldiers entered South Korea with a plan to assassinate the South Korean President Park Chung Hee, and other senior South Korean officials. On the street near the president's house (the Blue House), the guerrillas opened fire on the South Korean authorities, killing civilians.

## Rangoon Bombing in Burma

In October 1983, three North Korean armed guerrillas entered Burma (present Myanmar), with a plan to assassinate South Korean President Chun Doo Hwan, who was on a visit to Burma at that time. They set off a bomb in Aung San's mausoleum, one of the planned visiting spots, killing officials including the Foreign Minister of South Korea.

## Bombing of a Korean Air Lines Airliner

In November 1987, North Korea agents Kim Seung Il and Kim Hyeon Hui in possession of forged passports under Japanese names, set a time bomb in Korean Air Line Flight 858 from Seoul to Baghdad by the instructions of North Korea. The bomb detonated above the Andaman Sea, south of Burma, killing all passengers and crew members.
### Section 2. International Terrorism Countermeasures

## (1) Promotion of Terrorism Prevention Measures

## 1 ) Information Gathering and Thorough Investigation

In order to prevent terrorism, above all else, gathering and accurately analyzing a wide range of information is essential. Terrorism is an extremely secretive activity and the majority of relevant information gathered is fragmentary. Therefore, accumulation and comprehensive analysis of such information is necessary. Consequently, the police are strengthening the collection and analysis of such information through further close cooperation with foreign security agencies and foreign intelligence agencies with a central focus on the Foreign Affairs and Intelligence Department of the Security Bureau of the NPA. The police use this comprehensive analysis for various measures such as guarding important facilities.

Moreover, the police are promote continuous and thorough investigation regarding the French members of Al-Qaeda who are on international wanted lists and suspected of hiding in Japan using other people’s passports.

## 2 ) Strengthening Border Control Measures

As Japan is surrounded entirely by water, in order to prevent terrorists from entering Japan, it is important to accurately promote border control measures at international airports and seaports, through immigration and the inspection of imported and exported goods. The Government established the Interagency Team on Border Security and Crisis Management within the Cabinet Secretariat in January 2004, and is working to make adjustments in enhancing border control measures carried out by relevant organizations. In addition, airport/seaport security and crisis management administration/officers $ ^{1} $ have been placed at international airports/seaports, which, through the cooperation of relevant organizations, have led to improvements in the protection of important facilities. Training exercises have also been conducted which have assumed specific cases like preventing the entry of terrorists in the country, and the handling of suspicious material.

Note 1: Prefectural Police officers are assigned as airport crisis management administration/officers and part of seaport crisis management staff.

## 3 ) Security at Important Facilities

Given the recent grave international terrorism situation, the police have tightened security at important facilities around Japan, including the Prime Minister’s Official Residence, airports, nuclear power stations and facilities related to the US, as well as public transportation facilities such as railroads.

## 4 ) Promotion of Deliberations for Developing Legislation Related to Terrorism Prevention Measures

In December 2004, the “Action Plan for Prevention of Terrorism” (hereafter referred to as the “Action Plan”) was concluded by the Japanese government’s Headquarters for the Promotion of Measures against Transnational Organized Crime (TOC).
Prevention is the essence of counterterrorism measures. In order to thus promote such measures, it is necessary to set in place legal structures for basic policies relating to countermeasures against terrorism. While working towards forming alliances with other relevant organizations, the NPA is investigating what is necessary for developing legal structures, such as researching legal structures of other countries.

## (2) Enhancement of Terrorism Response Capabilities

## 1 ) Improvement of the Counterterrorism Unit

In preparation for possible terrorist attacks, the police have established various units such as Special Assault Teams (SAT) $ ^{1} $ and Anti-Firearms Squads and Counter-NBC Terrorism Squads $ ^{2} $ , and are working towards developing and strengthening such units. In addition, in order to respond quickly and precisely to terrorism incidents, the police are conducting joint training with relevant organizations regularly.

## Note 1: Special Assault Team

2: General term for terrorism using such materials as N Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical

## 2 ) Utilization of Sky Marshals

Since the terrorist attacks in the United States in September 2001, foreign countries have been introducing the sky marshal system in an effort to prevent airplanes from being hijacked and used for suicide terrorist attacks. This system places police officers as guards on airplanes, and enhances flight security measures on the ground.

The police have been utilizing the sky marshal system from December 2004 in close cooperation with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT), and other relevant ministries, agencies and
Japanese nationals overseas. Furthermore, police personnel are dispatched as panelists for the Overseas Safety Measures Council $ ^{1} $ , where they inform attendees about the international terrorism situation and safety measures that should be taken by Japanese nationals staying abroad.

Note 1: The conference that the Council for Public Policy and others organize for the safety measures of overseas Japanese nationals in major overseas cities. It has been held every year since 1993.
### Section 3. Countermeasures against Armed Attacks and Similar Situations

## (1) National Protection Measures regarding the Situation of Armed Attack

Regarding armed attack situations $ ^{1} $ , anticipated armed attack situations $ ^{2} $ , and emergency situations $ ^{3} $ (hereafter referred as “armed attack situations”), the police prescribes to carry out the Measures for Protection of Citizens Prescribed in the Civil Protection Plan of the National Public Safety Commission and the NPA (hereafter referred as “Citizen Protection Measures”), based on the Act regarding Measures for Protection of Citizens in Armed Attack Situations (hereafter referred as “Citizen Protection Act”).

Since it is important to be regularly prepared to respond to such situations, the Prefectural Police are proactively participating in the formulation/revision of prefectural and municipal Civil Protection Plans and evacuation operation patterns of municipal areas, which are based on the Citizen Protection Act.

Note 1: Situations in which an armed attack has occurred or where the imminence of apparent danger of an armed attack has been recognized.

2: Situations in which an armed attack has not occurred but the situation is tense and possible armed attacks are anticipated.

3: Situations in which an act killing/wounding many people has occurred through means equivalent to armed attacks or where the imminence of apparent danger has been recognized, and an urgent response on a national level is necessary.

## (2) Participating in Citizen Protection Training

The police are actively participating in the training exercises which are conducted based on the Citizen Protection Act (hereafter referred as “citizen protection training”) in order to implement Citizen Protection Measures promptly and precisely in armed attack situations.

The police have participated in the citizen protection trainings sponsored by the Cabinet Secretariat and prefectural governments, such as Miyazaki Prefecture Citizen Protection Joint Mapped Training in October 2008 and Nagano Prefecture Citizen Protection Joint Practical Training in November, in which they received training in evacuation of citizens, collection and provision of disaster information, search and rescue of victims.

The police are making efforts to strengthen cooperation with relevant organizations through such trainings, while working to become proficient in the collection of disaster information and evacuation of citizens in armed attack situations.