Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Diagram 1-7 Trends in the Situation of Confirmed/Cleared Arson Offenses

Year	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Category
Number of Confirmed Cases (cases)	1,728	1,743	2,006	1,830	2,070	2,174	1,904	1,759	1,519	1,424
Number of Cases Cleared (cases)	1,458	1,372	1,540	1,234	1,448	1,513	1,361	1,337	1,120	1,054
Number of Arrests (persons)	750	789	783	815	866	867	791	825	764	659
Clearance Rate (\%)	84.4	78.7	76.8	67.4	70.0	69.6	71.5	76.0	73.7	74.0

## 4 ) Confirmed/Cleared Rape Offenses

The number of confirmed cases of rape increased between 1997 and 2003, but began to fall in 2004 and in 2008 as well as the figure was lower than the previous year. Also, in 2008, both the number of clearances and arrests decreased. The clearance rate has continued to increase since 2003, and in 2008 the figure was 83.8%, an increase of 4.9 points from the previous year.

Diagram 1-8 Trends in the Situation of Confirmed/Cleared Rape Offenses (1998 – 2007)

## 5 ) Confirmed/Cleared Kidnapping Offenses, and Human Trafficking Offenses

In 2008 the number of confirmed cases of kidnapping and human trafficking increased from the

previous year. The clearance rate in 2008 was 91.0%, a 5.0 point increase compared to the previous year.
6) Confirmed/Cleared Indecent Assault Offenses

The number of confirmed cases of indecent assault increased between 1999 and 2004 but started to decrease in 2004. In 2008 the figure also decreased compared to the previous year. Also, in 2008 the number of clearances increased from the previous year while the number of arrests decreased. The clearance rate in 2008 was 50.0%, an increase of 3.8 points from the previous year.

Diagram 1-10 Trends in the Number of Confirmed/Cleared Indecent Assault Offenses (1999-2008)

### 2. Street Crimes and Break-in Crimes

## (1) Situation of Street Crimes and Break-in Crimes

In 2008, the number of major offenses confirmed by the police was 831,410 for street crimes and 181,501 for break-in crimes, a decrease from the previous year of 44,936 cases (5.1%) and 23,310 cases (11.4%) respectively.

Among these, number of confirmed cases of purse snatching, kidnapping on street, street extortion, automobile theft, theft from vending machines, and theft from parked vehicles has decreased sharply.

However, while the number of incidents has decreased, the number of street crimes and street break-in crimes remain high. In the past 10 years, indecent assault on the streets has increased 1.3 times; violence on the streets, 3.6 times; and breaking-and-entering, 1.7 times respectively.
Year	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Category
Street Robberies (cases)	1,495	2,070	2,509	2,888	2,955	2,695	2,192	1,759	1,537	1,437
Purse Snatching	41,173	46,064	50,838	52,919	46,354	39,399	32,017	26,828	23,687	19,145
Rape (on the streets)	648	825	806	869	832	732	663	612	495	513
Indecent Assault (on the street)	3,196	4,475	5,786	5,915	6,145	5,510	5,254	5,131	4,640	4,261
Abduction Offenses (on the streets)	181	216	179	175	213	237	199	126	134	97
Assault on the Streets	5,051	8,734	11,352	12,814	14,477	15,319	16,332	18,816	18,993	18,306
Bodily injury (on the streets)	11,687	16,965	19,400	20,465	20,098	19,218	17,961	17,373	15,665	14,118
Extortion (on the streets)	10,419	13,230	13,856	12,514	11,089	8,534	6,346	4,690	4,042	3,466
Automobile Theft	43,092	56,205	63,275	62,673	64,223	58,737	46,728	36,058	31,790	27,515
Motorcycle Theft	242,977	253,433	242,517	198,642	154,979	126,717	104,155	93,294	83,028	80,354
Bicycle Theft	408,306	445,301	521,801	514,120	476,589	444,268	406,104	388,463	395,344	393,462
Theft from Parked Vehicle	294,635	362,762	432,140	443,298	414,819	328,921	256,594	205,744	168,129	154,836
Theft of Autoparts	73,824	101,338	129,380	128,539	120,726	112,161	103,772	88,739	78,016	75,423
Theft from Vending Machines	222,328	190,490	170,470	174,718	147,878	112,965	88,180	55,981	50,846	38,477

Note 1: A value of 100 was set for 1999 in the Index.

Note 2: "On the streets" includes roads, car and bicycle parking lots, city parks, vacant lots, public transportation (on the subway, bullet train, and other forms of trains, in stations and other

railroad facilities, in aircrafts, airports, boats, ports and buses), other forms of transportation (inside taxis or other vehicles) and other open places (underground walkways and highways).

Diagram 1-12 Trends in the Number of Major Break-in Offenses Confirmed (1998-2008)

Note : The standard Index is set as 1999 figure as 100 standard point.

## (2) The Situation of Confirmed/Cleared Street Crimes

## 1 ) Street Robbery

The number of confirmed street robbery offenses has been increasing since 1996, reaching 4.8 times the 1995 level in 2003. The numbers started to drop in 2004, however, and in 2008 there were 1,437 offenses confirmed, a decrease of 100 cases (6.5%) from the
previous year. The number of offenses cleared and persons arrested were also increasing until 1996, but started to decrease from 2004. In 2008, there were 625 offenses cleared and 869 persons arrested, an increase of 4 (0.6%) and 14 (1.6%) respectively from the previous year. 48.9% of the persons arrested for street robbery were juveniles.

Diagram 1-13 Trends in the Situation of Confirmed/Cleared Street Robbery (1999-2008)

## 2 ) Purse Snatching

Although the number of confirmed purse snatching offenses had been increasing every year from 1991 to 2002, the numbers started to drop in 2003, and in 2008 there were 19,145 cases, a decrease of 4,542 cases (19.2%) from the previous year. In 2008, the number of offenses cleared was 11,229 and the number of persons arrested was 1,251, a decrease of 92 cases (0.8%) and 273 persons (17.9%) respectively from the previous year. 51.2% of the persons arrested for purse snatching were juveniles.

Diagram 1-14 Trends in the Situation of Confirmed/Cleared Purse Snatching Offenses (1999-2008)

## 3 ) Vehicle Theft

The number of confirmed vehicle thefts had considerably increased from 1999 to 2001 and has been leveling out since then. However, the numbers
started to decrease in 2004, and in 2008 there were 27,515 offenses, marking a decrease of 4,275 cases (13.4%) from the previous year. Additionally in 2008, there were 12,569 offenses cleared and 2,228 persons arrested, a decrease of 938 cases (6.9%) and 152

Diagram 1-15 Trends in the Situation of Confirmed/Cleared Vehicle Theft Offenses (1999-2008)

## (3) The Situation of Confirmed/Cleared Break-in Crimes

## 1 ) Break-in Robbery

Although the number of confirmed break-in robberies had increased considerably since 1998, it started dropping from 2004 and in 2008 there were 1,647 confirmed offenses, a decrease of 53 cases (3.1%) from the previous year. The number of break-in robberies cleared and the number of persons arrested for break-in robberies had been increasing since 1997. However, the number of incidents started to drop from 2005 and in 2008 there were 1,045 offenses cleared and 970 persons arrested, an increase of 95 cases (8.3%) and 2 persons (0.2%) from the previous year.

Of these, the number of confirmed break-in robberies that took place in homes was 410 in 2008, a decrease of 29 (6.6%) cases from the previous year. In addition, in 2008, the number of confirmed break-in robberies targeting convenience stores and supermarkets late at night $ ^{1} $ was 514, an increase of 57 cases (12.5%) from the previous year.

Note 1: Robberies targeting sales proceeds of convenience stores and supermarkets open during the hours between 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.
Diagram 1-16 Trends in the Situation of Confirmed/Cleared Break-in Robbery Offenses (1999-2008)

## 2 ) Break-in Burglary

Although the number of confirmed break-in burglaries had been increasing between 1998 and 2002, the number of incidents started to drop from 2003 and in 2008 there were 155,047 confirmed cases, a decrease of 20,681 cases (11.8%) from the previous year. Both the number of offenses cleared and the number of arrests have been decreasing since 2004. In 2008, the number of break-in burglaries cleared was 87,047 and the number of persons arrested was 11,079, a decrease of 9,219 cases (9.6%) and 958 persons (8.0%) from the previous year.

Diagram 1-17 Trends in the Situation of Confirmed/Cleared Break-in Burglary Offenses (1999-2008)

## (4) Comprehensive Measures for the Prevention of Street Crimes and Break-in Crimes

The number of confirmed Penal Code offenses has been rising considerably since 1996. Particularly notable increases have been seen in street crimes such as robbery and purse snatching, as well as robberies, burglaries, and other crimes involving breaking-and-entering. Since these street crimes and break-in crimes are mostly committed in the midst of what should otherwise be peaceful daily life, the increase has caused much unease among the people.
Note: Excludes Public Offices Election Act violations

## (2) Financial and Bad Loan-related Offenses

The number of financial and bad loan-related offenses cleared in 2008 is 72 cases which is a decrease of 7 cases (8.9%) from the previous year. Additionally, in terms of other economy related offenses, the following cases which had major social impact were cleared.

## (3) Developing a System for Financial Investigation

In investigating crimes related to corporate business activities, it is essential to understand a corporation’s financial status based on objective information such as vouchers and account ledgers, in order to clarify their background, motives, actions, and so forth. For this reason, the Research and Training Center for Financial Crime Investigation, established within the National Police Academy conducts research on financial crime investigation methods based on the most recent financial accounting systems, as well as provides training on efficient financial crime investigation methods, bookkeeping, and other necessary knowledge for financial crime investigations for police investigators nationwide.

Additionally, Prefectural Police forces are striving to recruit persons with qualifications as accountants or with experience in accounting for the private sector as financial crime investigators.

Diagram 1-20 Trends in the Number of Clearances of Financial and Bad Loan-related Offenses (1999-2008)
### 4. Currency Counterfeiting Crimes

## (1) Situation Regarding Detection

The number of counterfeit banknotes uncovered in the past 10 years $ ^{1} $ is as shown below. The number of uncovered counterfeit banknotes in 2008 decreased notably from the previous year.

Note 1: The number of reported counterfeit banknotes confiscated by the police

Diagram 1-21 Trends in the Number of Counterfeited Banknotes of Bank of Japan Uncovered (1999-2008)

Year	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Category
Total (notes)	3,422	4,257	7,613	20,211	16,910	25,858	12,203	4,288	15,779	2,540
10,000 Yen Notes	2,346	2,394	3,207	6,815	6,138	8,828	5,714	3,293	3,562	1,975
5,000 Yen Notes	1,051	1,671	1,274	754	1,097	1,007	557	249	121	105
2,000 Yen Notes	-	2	4	5	99	11	7	10	13	6
1,000 Yen Notes	25	190	3,128	12,637	9,576	16,012	5,925	736	12,083	454

## (2) Characteristic Trends and

## Countermeasures

Forgeries with such realistic appearances that they can be used face-to-face in shops have been observed among recent counterfeit Japanese banknotes. This is thought to have happened due to the advanced technology of commercially available computers, scanners, printers, and the like which allows for sophisticated counterfeiting with ease.

With the cooperation of ministries and organizations such as the Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Japan, the NPA is calling attention to the public through efforts such as disclosing cases in which counterfeit Japanese banknotes were used, through posters and websites, as well as introducing methods of identifying counterfeit currency. The NPA also provides information to vending machines and computer-related equipment manufacturing organizations, as well as calls for the strengthening countermeasures for counterfeit currency such as the development of a system to prevent currency counterfeiting and the use of counterfeit currency.

### 5. Debit/Credit Card Crimes

## (1) Confirmed and Cleared Situation of Card Crimes

The trend in the confirmed/cleared card crime offenses in the past 10 years $ ^{1} $ is as follows. The number of card crime offenses confirmed and cleared as well as the number of persons arrested in 2008 decreased from the previous year.
## (2) Trends in Debit/Credit Card Crimes and Countermeasures

The majority of card crimes are comprised of larceny cases involving illegal withdrawal of deposits and savings from ATMs using stolen, lost or counterfeited cash cards, or fraud cases involving the illegal purchasing of goods with counterfeited credit cards.

The tactics used to commit these crimes are growing more and more sophisticated. These methods include stealing PINs needed to withdraw cash from ATMs by setting up hidden video cameras, and skimming $ ^{2} $ cards illicitly obtained from safes at golf course club houses, and other venues.

The police are taking measures to prevent damage from spreading, such as by encouraging people who report stolen or lost cards to the police to cancel the cards. Additionally, the “Act on Protection, etc. of Depositors and Postal Saving Holders from Unauthorized Automated Withdrawal, etc. using Counterfeit Cards, etc. and Stolen Cards, etc.” stipulates the need to report to the investigative authorities in order to request a financial institution, compensation of an equal amount to the amount that had been illicitly withdrawn from one’s account. Because of this, the police are making efforts for smooth cooperation when financial institutions place inquiries to the police on whether reports have been registered.

Note 1: Crimes in which credit cards, debit cards, prepaid cards, or consumer loan cards are misused

2: A method to read the data of authentic cards using a

skimmer (magnetic information reading equipment)

### 6. Intellectual Property Rights Violations, Environmental Offenses and Others

## (1) Intellectual Property Rights Violations

The number of violation of intellectual property rights cleared in 2008 was 1,135 and the number of persons arrested was 687. The numbers have been increasing steadily since 2004.

In the offenses involving counterfeit brands goods (Trademark Act violation), 63.3% of seized articles were smuggled in from abroad. The majority of these come from China where counterfeit brands goods have been increasing in recent years. As for methods of smuggling, 58.4% were smuggled into the country via international mail and 30.3% by marine cargo. Regarding selling methods of the smuggled merchandise, about 42.3% via Internet auctions and 38.2% was sold in stores.

Regarding the offenses involving pirated copies (Copyright Act), the majority of seized pirated copies were copied in Japan. 58.3% of sold pirated copies were distributed via Internet and 20.0% were sold in stores.

Giving the situation in which large volumes of counterfeit merchandise are being smuggled from the Republic of Korea and China to Japan, and violations of Japanese corporate intellectual property rights are increasing in both countries, the NPA requested the investigative authorities of both countries to enforce tighter domestic control, and aims to strengthen partnership with them through the exchange of information and other activities. Furthermore,
plants or illegal trafficking domestically, and offenses related to the violation of the protection of animals and ecosystems.

Table 1-6 Situation of Cleared Offenses related to Illegal Capture of Wildlife and other Offenses (2007, 2008)

Year	2007	2008
Cases/Persons	Cases	Persons	Cases	Persons
Violation of Act on Protection of Birds and Animals and Improvement Hunting	943	687	926	653
Violation of Act on Welfare and Management of Animals	92	81	112	108
Violation of Act on Preservation of Endangered Wild Species	41	12	27	19

## (3) Other Statutory Offenses

In 2008, statutory offenses such as the illegal harvesting of aquatic resources, illegal establishment of radio stations, and other offenses occurred.

Table 1-7 Situation of Major Statutory Offenses Cleared (2007, 2008)

Year	2007	2008
Cases/Persons	Cases	Persons	Cases	Persons
Radio Waves Act Violation	1,759	1,749	1,116	1,114
Fishery Act Violation (including Fishery Adjustment Regulation Violation)	519	637	428	499
Violation of the Act on the Protection of Fishery Resources (including Fishery Adjustment Regulation Violation)	193	212	136	149

### 7. Cybercrime

The Internet and other advanced information communication networks function as an infrastructure that supports the foundation of society and economy, and has improved the convenience of the lives of the people. On the other hand, there is a rise in the number of cybercrimes $ ^{1} $ every year and more advanced and diversified tactics are being employed.

Note 1: Crimes using advanced information communications networks or crimes using information technology such as crimes targeting computers or electromagnetic records.

## (1) Situation of Cybercrimes

## 1 ) Situation of Cybercrimes Cleared

The number of cleared cybercrimes has been on a continuous rise and 6,321 cases were cleared in 2008. The number increased by 848 cases (15.5%) from the previous year and reached a record high.
Table 1-8 Breakdown of Cybercrime Clearance (2004-2008)
Category	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	Year-on-year comparison
Total ( cases )	2,081	3,161	4,425	5,473	6,321	848 ( 15.5% )
Unauthorized Computer Access Act Violation	142	277	703	1,442	1,740	298 ( 20.7% )
Computer/Electromagnetic Record Offenses	55	73	129	113	247	134 ( 118.6% )
Computer Fraud	42	49	63	74	220	146 ( 197.3% )
Unauthorized Creation/Destruction of Electromagnetic Records	8	17	56	34	20	$ \Delta $ 14 ( $ \Delta $ 41.2%)
Obstruction of Business through Destruction of a Computer, etc.	5	7	10	5	7	2 ( 40.0% )
Network Usage Offenses	1,884	2,811	3,593	3,918	4,334	416 ( 10.6% )
Fraud	542	1,408	1,597	1,512	1,508	$ \Delta $ 4 ( $ \Delta $ 0.3%)
Violation of Child Prostitution/Pornography Act	370	320	463	551	507	$ \Delta $ 44 ( $ \Delta $ 8.0%)
Violation of Child Prostitution/Pornography	85	136	251	192	254	62 ( 32.3% )
Violation of Youth Protection Ordinance	136	174	196	230	437	207 ( 90.0% )
Violation of Online Dating Site Regulation Act	31	18	47	122	367	245 ( 200.8% )
Trademark Act Violation	82	109	218	191	192	1 ( 0.5% )
Distribution of Obscene Materials	121	125	192	203	177	$ \Delta $ 26 ( $ \Delta $ 12.8%)
Copyright Act Violation	174	128	138	165	144	$ \Delta $ 21 ( $ \Delta $ 12.7%)
Others	343	393	491	752	748	$ \Delta $ 4 ( $ \Delta $ 0.5%)

### a. Unauthorized Computer Access Act Violations

In 2008, 1,740 offenses involving violations of the Act on Prohibiting Unauthorized Computer Access (hereafter referred to as “Unauthorized Computer Access Act”) were cleared, an increase of 298 cases (20.7%) from the previous year and a record high number.

Of these, 1,368 cases took advantage of poor setting and management of the users’ passwords, 9.8 times the number recorded the previous year.

Diagram 1-23 Trends in the Number of Cleared Unauthorized Computer Access Act Violation (2004-2008)

### b. Network Usage Crimes

In 2008, the number of network usage crime $ ^{1} $ cases cleared was 4,334, an increase of 416 cases (10.6%) from the previous year. Cases of fraud, in particular, marked 1,508 cases and amounted to 34.8% of the total arrest cases. In addition, 75.6% of the fraud cases had occurred through internet auctions. The total number of cleared cases of violations of the Act on Punishment of Activities Relating to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and the Protection of Children (hereafter referred to as the “Child Prostitution/Pornography Act”); Child Welfare Act violations and the so-called Youth Protection Ordinance violations was 1,270, an increase of 249 cases (24.4%) from the previous year. The situation regarding sex crime offenses involving children (defined as persons under 18 years of age) remains serious.

Note 1: Crimes using advanced information communication networks as a vital tool for crime execution.

Diagram 1-24 Trends in the Number of Cleared Crimes related to Online Dating Sites (2004-2008)

## 2 ) Situation of Clearances of Crimes related to Online Dating Sites

The number of incidents involving so-called online dating sites $ ^{1} $ reported to the police in 2008 was 1,592 cases. Of the 852 victims of these incidents, 724
other activities.

2: These videos are also broadcast on cable television, posted on the website of the specified non-profit corporation, the POLICE Channel (http://www.police-ch.jp/), and lent out from police stations and libraries.

3: A conference comprised of experts, related business providers, PTA representatives, and others. At the conference, examinations are performed for issues such as modalities for cooperation between industry and government pertaining to information technology.

4: Formulated in October 2005 by industry organizations in collaboration with the NPA and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC).
1. Improving the Investigation Structure

## (1) Efficient Operation of the Organization and Personnel and Increasing and Educating the Investigators

As the crime situation has worsened, investigations are requiring a good deal of time and effort, and the number of investigation cases has also increased. In addition, their nature is becoming increasingly diverse and sophisticated. In response, the police are working to strengthen their investigative system by mobilizing their limited teams and manpower in an efficient manner, as well as conducting various training programs for investigators and investigation leaders in order to improve the skills of those involved in criminal investigations.

## (2) Improving the Initial Investigation Structure and Strengthening Identification Activities

When an incident arises, it is important to implement a prompt and accurate initial investigation and arrest the criminal at or near the scene, or to secure evidence or testimonies from witnesses at the scene.

In order for the police to conduct prompt investigations, mobile investigation units are based in the Metropolitan Police Department and Prefectural Police Headquarters. When an incident arises, they rush to the crime scene or related area in order to apprehend the criminal etc. The police also organize mobile investigation units (squads) and identification task forces etc. to strengthen crime scene identification activities as well as to advance research and development in related technologies, and develop and maintain equipment.

## (3) Strengthening Trans-Prefectural Investigation

Due to the increase in crimes with the development of telecommunications and transportation means, it has become necessary for criminal investigation activities to extend over numerous prefectures. Thus efforts are being taken not only to form a trans-prefectural investigations unit which will conduct trans-prefectural investigations beyond the Prefectural Police unit $ ^{1} $ , but also to actively promote joint and collaborative investigations between multiple prefectures.

In addition, personnel who have specialist knowledge about aircraft accidents will be pre-registered as specialist investigators and be involved in incidents that occur in other prefectures.

Furthermore, the NPA has designated “NPA Specified Cases” $ ^{2} $ as those which are felonious or idiosyncratic and occur in various jurisdictions of Regional Police Bureaus, have huge social repercussions, extend across numerous districts, and require coordinated investigations. The NPA holds meetings with Prefectural Police forces to discuss the direction of the investigation, as well as assisting in the gathering of and analysis of related information and other such investigation activities necessary to solve the case.

Note 1: At the end of 2008 an agreement was signed regarding the formation of a trans-prefectural investigation unit in 13 areas across the country

2: 24 cases were designated as such by February 2009