Table 3-4 Situation of Education to Reeducate Reckless Drivers (2008)
Lecture Names	Target Persons	Contents	Outcome	Number of Participants (persons)
Lectures for Novice Drivers	Persons under one year since license acquisition who have violated the law and meet certain standards	This program provides practical instructions through on-road training and training to predict and avoid risks using driving simulators aimed at stabilizing driving techniques and knowledge.	Re-examination exempted (Note)	61,820
Lectures for those with Revoked Licenses	Persons whose licenses have been revoked or cancelled	In order to make the participants recognize their aptitude for driving and improve their driving attitude, examinations are conducted regarding driving aptitude by having them drive and then provide individual and concrete instructions based on the results.	The persons become qualified for taking driving license examination again.	38,460
Lectures for Suspended Drivers	Persons whose licenses are suspended or validities are terminated.	Appropriate guidance is given on a request basis by persons who have been penalized as well as based on the results of driving aptitude tests conducted by having them drive.	The period of suspension is reduced.	470,936
Lectures for Offenders	Persons whose violations amount to less than three points and meet certain standards	It is possible to select a course which includes guidance and diagnosis to check individual driving aptitude by actually driving or a course which includes social participation activities which help to improve qualities in the driver.	An administrative punishment such as suspension of driver's license is not performed.	194,680

Note: Re-examinations are held for those who did not attend the lectures for novice drivers and the criteria is the same as those for the driver's license examination. In 2007, 3,661 candidates took the examination and the driver's licenses of 2,683 candidates who failed in the examination were revoked.

## 3 ) Traffic Safety Education at Driving Schools

Driving schools also offer traffic safety education for license holders, for instance for the so-called “paper drivers,” and act as a traffic safety education center in the community. In order to raise the standard and the extent of training, accreditation may be received from Prefectural Public Safety Commissions when prescribed standards are met.

## (4) Enhanced Measures for Senior Drivers

## 1 ) Implementation of Lectures for Senior Drivers

Lectures for the senior drivers are mandatory for those above 70 years of age upon the renewal of their licenses. Besides the lecture concerning necessary knowledge for safe driving etc., physical inspections such as driving and the dynamic visual acuity tests are conducted. Participants must face the changes in their own physical functions and advice and guidance are given based on the results. 1,364,488 persons attended these lectures in 2008.

## 2 ) Introduction of a Training Examination

## (Cognitive Function Examination)

Those who are aged 75 and older must take a Training Examination (Cognitive Function Examination) within 6 months of renewing their driver's license, according to the amended Road Traffic Law enforced in June 2009. The examination has been introduced with the purpose of helping the elderly to understand the state of their own memory/judgment through a simple examination. The examination also supports safe driving practices. The exam, which last about 30 minutes, consists of a time approximation test, $ ^{1} $ a deduction test $ ^{2} $ and a test in which test-takers draw watches, $ ^{3} $ with the aim of testing the state of test-takers' memory and judgment. If the test results show the test-taker to have low powers of memory and judgment, and if the test-taker has been implicated in a specific traffic violation, such as ignoring a stoplight, after the time of update or one year prior to the date on which the test-taker updated their license, the test-taker is required to take a special aptitude test from a specialist. If it is found that the test-taker has dementia, his/her license may be revoked or canceled.

Note 1: Applicants must answer the time, date, and day of the week of the test during this examination.

2: In this examination, applicants are asked to memorize an illustration, and after some talk about an unrelated matter, are asked the name of the illustration without being provided any hints.

3: In this examination, applicants are asked to draw a watch, and draw the correct time on it.

## 3 ) Application to Cancel a Driver’s License (The Voluntary Turning-in of a Driver’s License)

License holders may apply to cancel and turn in their driver’s license if the degradation of their physical abilities prevents them from driving a vehicle or if they decide they wish to stop driving. Additionally, in the event that the license is to be turned in, the applicants may apply to receive proof of their driving history. In 2008 29,150 people applied to cancel their driver’s license (26,311 of these were over 70), and 16,376 applied for records of their driving history (of these 15,054 were over 70).