## (5) Other Matters Decided

### A. Resource Mobilization Strategy

Concerning setting indicators and targets in order to monitor the progress of the resource mobilization strategy, negotiations proceeded with difficulty between developing countries, which strongly demanded clarification of specific monetary targets (targets for the financial flow around the world as a whole in both private and public sectors), and developed countries, which said it was not possible to set targets without firm indicators. In the end, developing countries withdrew their demand for specific targets and, taking into account discussions about indicators, the following decisions were adopted: “adopt targets at COP11, provided that robust baselines have been identified,” and “increase the annual international financial flows by 2020 to partner countries to contribute to achieving the Convention’s three objectives”.

### B. Climate Change and Biodiversity

As for biodiversity conservation measures and environmental assessment of biodiversity related to activities on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) in Developing Countries, it was decided that the Secretariat of Convention on Biological Diversity would provide advice without pre-empting any future decisions taken under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and that consideration would be given to joint activities with other Rio conventions (The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification) towards the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012 (RIO+20).

### C. Cooperation with Various Entities

As for business and biodiversity, encouragement of establishing a global platform to facilitate invitations by Parties to the Convention for promotion of collaborative activities of businesses and biodiversity, encouragement of specific participation by the private sector, international collaboration for Business and Biodiversity Initiatives on national and regional levels. In addition, an action plan related to biodiversity of local municipalities targeting the years from 2011 to 2020 was approved, and parties to the convention and other government organizations were encouraged to implement the plan.

### D. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)

It is expected that the “IPBES,” which is also referred to as the biodiversity version of the IPCC, will make significant contributions to promote the collaboration between science and policy regarding biodiversity, and largely contribute to the conservation of biodiversity on a global scale. At a meeting on IPBES, which was convened by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in June 2010 in Pusan (South Korea), a fundamental agreement on the necessity of its establishment was made. At COP10 to the Convention on Biological Diversity, it was decided to invite the General Assembly of the United Nations to consider the early establishment of the platform. Based on that decision, a resolution was adopted to request UNEP to hold a plenary meeting in order to determine modalities and institutional arrangements for the IPBES at the earliest opportunity, at its 65th session of the General Assembly of the United Nations held in December 2010.

### E. The United Nations Decade on Biodiversity

As for the “United Nations Decade on Biodiversity” that was proposed by Japan, at COP10 it was decided to advise that this should be adopted at the United Nations General Assembly, and at the 65th United Nations General Assembly in December, 2010, it was adopted that the ten years from 2011 through 2020 would be the “United Nations Decade on Biodiversity,” during which all sectors of international society would collaborate to tackle problems of biodiversity.

### F. The SATOYAMA Initiative

Protecting biodiversity entails not only conserving pristine environments but also conserving human-influenced natural environments that have been developed and maintained through human activities such as agriculture and forestry. A variety of species have adapted to and rely on these natural environments, hence they play an important role in protecting biodiversity. But these natural environments are increasingly threatened in many regions of the world, due to urbanization, industrialization, rapid changes of regional population structures, etc.

In Japan, it has been a critical task to manage and revitalize Satochi-satoyama under the decline of population and primary industries that form basis in the regions. In order to realize “Life in harmony, into to the future” as the slogan of COP10, Japan as the COP10 Presidency initiated the “Satoyama Initiative,” which aims to harmonize conservation of biodiversity in human-influenced natural environments with its sustainable use, share awareness of problems with other countries and related organizations, discuss on a global scale, and accelerate the international efforts.

At the International Experts Meeting and other preparatory meetings on the Satoyama Initiative prior to COP10, the conceptual structure of the Satoyama Initiative (Figure 3-1-8: Conceptual Structure of the Satoyama Initiative) was built, and supporting mechanisms for developing it internationally were discussed. The vision of the Satoyama Initiative is to “realize societies in harmony with nature,” comprising human communities where the maintenance and development of socioeconomic activities (including agriculture, forestry, and fisheries) align with natural processes. From now on we will make efforts in line with the approach and the perspectives.

In addition, in order to contribute to promotion of specific efforts based on the concept of the Satoyama