to the flood disaster is emergency grant aid, as well as the contribution of personnel through dispatch of six helicopters of Self-Defense Forces and medical teams of the Japan Disaster Relief. At the Pakistan Development Forum in November 2010, Japan announced 500 million in aid and other assistance $ ^{25} $ for Pakistan's recovery from the flood disaster. In addition, when President Asif Ali Zardari visited Japan in February 2011, the Joint Statement on Japan-Pakistan Comprehensive Partnership was signed, and Japan agreed to continue providing support to enhance mutually beneficial economic and trade interaction, to assist Pakistan in efforts to develop the power sector, water resources, and infrastructure, and to ensure human security.

In addition, efforts toward aid coordination (see “Terminology” on page 138) are proceeding in other countries of South Asia as well. In Bangladesh, for example, the Joint Cooperation Strategy (JCS) was formulated in June 2010 with the participation of 18 countries and organizations, including Japan, the World Bank, the Asian Development

Prime Minister Naoto Kan meets with the Islamic Republic of Pakistan's President Asif Ali Zardari on his visit to Japan (Photo: Cabinet Public Relations Office)

Bank (ADB), and the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID), for the purpose of supporting implementation of the revised Second National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction (NSAPR-II). $ ^{*} $ Japan is working proactively to coordinate aid in order to provide effective and efficient assistance in Bangladesh.

## * Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)

A document introduced in 1999 by the World Bank's International Monetary Fund (IMF) as a condition for heavily indebted poor countries (poor countries that have an enormous amount of debt) to receive debt relief. It is an action plan for socio-economic development with goals set every three years in the areas of education, healthcare, food security, and other areas, to provide payments of funds not repaid due to debt relief, for measures to reduce poverty. The Paper was created incorporating the views of representatives from aid-giving countries, NGOs, research institutes, and the private sector, under the ownership (independent efforts) of the governments of developing countries.

India

# “Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System Construction Plan Phase 2” ODA Loan (January 2006 - December 2010)

In Delhi, India’s capital, a dramatic increase in population and a rise in popularity of personal vehicles have created acute problems of chronic traffic jams and air pollution. Japan provides ODA loans (Phase 1: ¥162.7 billion; Phase 2: ¥211.9 billion), for the construction of underground and elevated railway systems in Delhi, thereby contributing significantly to the improvement of urban environment. At the phase 1, the primary objective was alleviating traffic congestion in commercial and government districts in central Delhi, and phase 2 is aimed to establish radiating lines from the city center to outer Delhi, and further improvement of transport access to the city of Delhi from the major economic regions. The total length is approximately 190 km, with two million passengers travelling along the line per day, a foothold as transportation for the citizens.

A station on the Delhi Metro subway line (Photo: JICA)

A route map in the station building (Photo: Shinichi Kuno/JICA)