## 文献

$ ^{1} $ Baskin WN: Acute complications associated with bedside placement of feeding tubes. Nutr Clin Pract 2006; 21: 40-55

$ ^{2} $ Lai PB, Pang PC, Chan SK, et al: Necrosis of the nasal ala after improper taping of a nasogastric tube. Int J Clin Pract 2001;55:145

3 井上善文：経腸栄養法における PEG の位置付け．PEG（胃癥）栄養：曾和融生監修、フジメディカル出版 2006; pp13-19

$ ^{4} $ Benya R, Langer S, Mobarhan S: Flexible nasogastric feeding tube tip malposition immediately after placement. JPEN 14:108-109, 1990

$ ^{5} $ Bankier AA, Wiesmayr MN, Henk C, et al: Radiographic detection of intrabronchial malpositions of nasogastric tubes and subsequent complications in intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med 23: 406-410, 1990

$ ^{6} $ National Patient Safety Agency(2005): NPSA issues new safety advice to NHS on reducing the harm caused by misplaced nasogastric feeding tubes. http://www.npsa.nhs.uk/

7 Woodal BH, Winfield DF, Bisset GS 3rd: Inzdvertent trachobronchial placement of feeding tubes. Radiology 1987; 165: 727-729

$ ^{8} $ Araujo-Preza CE, Melhado ME, Gutierrez FJ, et al: Use of capnometry to verify feeding tube placement. Crit Care Med 2002; 30: 2255-2259

9 西口幸雄、平川弘聖：PEG の手技 b 手技の選択と施行手順．PEG 実践マニュアル：曾和融生監修、フジメディカル出版 2001； pp20-23

$ ^{10} $ 清水加世子、山崎芳朗：チューブ周囲のスキンケアとドレッシング．PEG（胃癤）栄養：曽和融生監修、フジメディカル出版 2006; pp97-100

$ ^{11} $ Hsu TC, Chen NR, Sullivan MM, et al: Effect of high ambient temperature on contamination and physical stability of one-liter ready-to-hand enteral delivery systems. Nutrition 2000; 16: 165-167

$ ^{12} $ Anderson KR, Norris DJ, Godfrey LB, et al: Bacterial contamination of tube-feeding formulas. JPEN 1984; 8: 673-678

$ ^{13} $ 永井鑑、五関謹秀、長浜雄志、ほか：経腸栄養に起因すると推測される E.cloacae 敗血症の 2 例．日本静脈・経腸栄養研究会誌 1997; 12: 164-167

$ ^{14} $ Okuma T, Nakamura M, Totake H, et al: Microbial contamination of enteral feeding formulas and diarrhea. Nutrition 2000; 16: 719-722

$ ^{15} $ Anderson KR, Norris DJ, Godfrey LB, et al: Bacterial contamination of tube-feeding formulas. JPEN 1984; 8: 673-678

$ ^{16} $ 尾家重治、弘長恭三、神代昭、ほか：医薬品の微生物汚染と院内感染：経腸栄養剤．薬局 1989; 40: 1139-1142

$ ^{17} $ 尾家重治、神谷晃：経腸栄養剤の細菌汚染例. CHEMOTHERAPY 1992; 40: 743-746

$ ^{18} $ 大熊利忠: 経腸栄養法の器材とその取り扱い、管理、合併症と対策. コメディカルのための静脈・経腸栄養ガイドライン: 日本静脈経腸栄養学会編、南江堂、2000, pp27-34

$ ^{19} $ Baldwin BA, Zagoren AJ, Rose N: Bacterial contamination of continuously infused enteral alimentation with needle catheter jejunostomy-clinical implications. JPEN 1984; 8: 30-33

$ ^{20} $ Van Enk RA, Furtado D: Bacterial contamination of enteral nutrient solutions: intestinal colonization and sepsis in mice after ingestion. JPEN 1986; 10: 503-507

$ ^{21} $ Vaughan LA, Manore M, Winston DH: Bacterial safety of a closed-administration system for enteral nutrition solutions. J Am Diet Assoc 1988; 88: 35-37

$ ^{22} $ 疋田茂樹、溝手博義、平川信子、ほか：経腸栄養剤の細菌増殖の予防対策．JJPEN 1998; 20: 73-76

$ ^{23} $ 宇佐美真、大柳治正、斎藤洋一：投与栄養剤の調製法．日本臨床 1991; 49: 213-217

$ ^{24} $ Lucia Rocha Carvalho M, Beninga Morais T, Ferraz Amaral D, et al: Hazard analysis and critical control point system approach in the evaluation of environmental and procedural sources of contamination of enteral feedings in three hospitals. JPEN 2000; 24: 296-303

$ ^{25} $ Roy S, Rigal M, Doit C, et al: Bacterial contamination of enteral nutrition in a paediatric hospital. J Hosp Infect 2005; 59: 311-316

$ ^{26} $ Oie S, Kamiya A: Comparison of microbial contamination of enteral feeding solution between repeated use of administration sets after washing with water and after washing followed by disinfection. J Hosp Infect 2001; 48: 304-307

$ ^{27} $ Oie S, Kamiya A, Hironaga K, et al: Microbial contamination of enteral feeding solution and its prevention. Am J Infect Control 1993; 21: 34-38

$ ^{28} $ Matlow A, Wray R, Goldman C, et al: Microbial contamination of enteral feed administration sets in a pediatric institution. Am J Infect Control 2003; 31: 49-53

$ ^{29} $ Patchell CJ, Anderton A, Holden C, et al: Reducing bacterial contamination of enteral feeds. Arch Dis Child 1998; 78:166-168

$ ^{30} $ Lee CH, Hodgkinson IJ: The effect of poor handling procedures on enteral feeding systems in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 1999;42:119-123