### I I. Cooperation between Kominkan and CLC

CLCs in Cambodia are places for providing literacy skills and vocational skill training for community people. However, it is still unable to fully meet the learning needs of all needy people due to limited resources especially human and financial resources as well as internal and external participation. With the limited budget, CLCs can not operate activities all year. For instance, most CLCs could operate to provide training for only six months, then no activities for other six months when the training ends, and have to wait the budget of next year. Some of the learners who finish the courses can not find jobs or run business by them selves because they do not have enough capital and their skills are sometimes limited due to not enough training. The PB budget annually provided by the government can support only the repairing of the CLCs; provision of materials, facilities and equipments; and the training activities from three to six month. Therefore, CLCs still face problems and barriers to ensuring the sustainability of activities and programme. CLC still need support-technical and financial- from various agencies to ensure sustainability of CLC's activities.

We need to have the CLCs with good quality in terms of process and its products. CLCs should not only be the places to provide training but also serve as venues for production and marketing the products made by CLCs for the benefits of the community and CLCs themselves, encouraging more community participation. More support and attention from government, more capacity of staff and sufficient resources must be considered and needed; if not, the establishment of CLC to be important contribution to EFA and lifelong learning remains conceptually interesting but, in terms of practices and impact, useless. In this context, internal and external cooperation with and support from stakeholders are expected and required. Capacity development from central to commune level is also indispensable.

I expect that through the workshop, I can learn how Japanese Kominkan as well as CLCs in other countries overcome the above challenges we face – recourse mobilization to respond to limited budget, sustainability of CLCs, quality of CLC activities, active participation of communities, capacity development of staff etc.

From our point of view, Kominkan in Japan will provide plentiful experience and best practices which contribute to the development of CLCs in Asian countries including in Cambodia. Cooperation and relationship between Kominkan and CLCs in other countries is indispensable and needs to be promoted for sharing information, lesson learnt and discussing common issues and for effective implementation of the programmes; and we need such cooperation to develop CLCs in our country. I also expect that I will learn a lot from Kominkan's experience and activities in Japan and CLC experience from other countries; and share this experience from the workshop with my colleague through training workshops or meeting for the development of capacity of CLC committees as the follow up activities to this symposium if mobilized resources are available. Through lesson learnt from Japan's KOMINKAN and CLCs of other countries; and through the cooperation and relationships, we will see things that would be applicable to CLCs in Cambodia and we can find the solution to the challenges and issues facing our CLC, so that we can expand and make positive change for the development of the CLCs in our country.