Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## 連絡先一覧(主な増額要求事項の概要)

番号	事項名	副大臣 政務官 (敬称略)	担当局·課	役職 担当者	連絡先 (上段は代表·内線、 下段は直通)
1	化学兵器禁止条約に基づく、中国における遺棄化学兵器処理の着実な実施【拡充】	古 川 津 村	遺棄化学兵器処理担当室	参事官 松 本	(代)5253-2111(内42002) (直)3581-2576
2	沖縄科学技術大学院大学の開学準備【拡充】	大 島 泉	沖縄振興局·新大学院大学企画推進室	室 長 中 村	(代)5253-2111(内44420) (直)3581-9974
3	現場の出番創出モデル調査【新規】	大 塚 津 村	地域活性化推進担当室	企画官 北	(直)5510-2154
4	沖縄教育振興事業費(学校耐震化等)【拡充】	大 島 泉	沖縄振興局·事業振興室長	室 長 中 村	(代)5253-2111(内44420) (直)3581-1020
5	公文書等の管理に関する法律の施行に向けた体制整備等に必要な経費【拡充】	古 川 泉	大臣官房公文書管理課	課 長 福 井	(代)5253-2111(内82111) (直)3581-4718
6	沖縄不発弾等対策事業【拡充·新規】	大 島 泉	沖縄振興局·特定事業担当参事官室	参事官 吉 住	(代)5253-2111(内44470) (直)3581-1366
7	原子力の安全研究の推進【新規】	大 島 泉	原子力安全委員会事務局総務課	課 長 竹 内	(代)5253-2111(内44729) (直)3581-9919
8	北方領土問題についての国民世論啓発のための北方領土返還要求啓発施設の改修【新規】	大 島 泉	北方対策本部	参事官 大 塚	(代)5253-2111(内44481) (直)3581-2103
9	雇用対策の総合的推進【新規】	古 川 津 村	政策統括官(経済財政運営担当)付参事官(産業·雇用担当)	参事官 藤 原	(代)5253-2111(内45240) (直)3581-9284
10	宇宙基本法に基づく、宇宙開発戦略本部の運営等に必要な経費【内閣官房から移管の見込み】	大 島 泉	内閣官房宇宙開発戦略本部事務局	参事官補佐 武 田	(直)5114-1932
11	行政刷新会議等の運営に必要な経費【新規】	古 川 泉	行政刷新会議事務局	参事官 小 林	(代)5253-2111(内84205) (直)3581-9218
12	地域主権推進に要する経費【新規】	大 塚 津 村	地方分権改革推進委員会事務局	参事官 高 野	5575-2024 (ダイヤルイン)
# 2009 White Paper Information and Communications in Japan

July, 2009

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, JAPAN
## Special Theme of the White Paper on Information and Communications in Japan 2009

## Special Theme: Why is ICT essential for Japan's revival?

● Information and communications technology (ICT) contributes to national economic growth through three channels of power: economic power, intellectual power and social power.

● Compared with other countries, Japan excels in terms of the development of its ICT infrastructure but faces significant challenges in terms of the utilization and security of ICT.

● There are three challenges facing the revival of Japan: (1) boosting the economic growth rate by increasing ICT investment (infrastructure) (2) using ICT as a catalyst for promoting collaboration between various relevant parties (utilization) and (3) creating a secure society by complementing local-community and family relationships with “e-relationships”*(security).

Chapter 1 Channels Linking ICT with Growth

Chapter 2 Changing Global Economy and Japan’s ICT

Chapter 3 Three Challenges (I x C x T) Facing Japan’s Revival

I (Investment) x C (Collaboration) x T (Trust)

$ ^{*} $ a community of people or companies established on the basis of the utilization of an information network.

■ Economic power: Contributing to growth through a rise in productivity, accumulation of information capital and support for the labor force

■ Intellectual power: Contributing to growth through an accumulation of human capital (knowledge/information and education/personnel)

■ Social power: Contributing to growth through an accumulation of social capital (governance, local community networks)

■ Levels of infrastructure development of Japan’s ICT are the highest in the world given the low cost and high speed of information access.

Japan’s ICT is lagging behind in terms of utilization, mainly in the fields of public services such as medical care and education.

Although the environment for the utilization of ICT in Japan is fairly safe compared with other countries, Japanese users tend to feel insecure about ICT.

If ICT investment is drastically increased, Japan’s real economic growth rate may rise by nearly one percentage point in the 2010s.

■ ICT will act as a catalyst for collaboration between different business sectors and between producers and consumers and help to provide one-stop services useful for the people.

■ Feeling of insecurity about ICT may be eased by a networked society with a human touch based on the combination of local-community and family relationships with “e-relationships.”
## Chapter 1

# Channels Linking ICT with Growth
## I CT is Closely Related to Economic Growth

## OStatistically, the development of ICT is closely correlated with economic growth

e.g.) The relationship between the ICT competitiveness index and per-capita GDP, the relationship between the ICT investment ratio and per-capita GDP, and the relationship between the ICT investment growth rate and GDP growth rate.

High-income countries position the ICT industry as an industrial pillar.

e.g.) In countries placed high in the per-capita GDP rankings (e.g. Nordic countries), the ICT industry generally accounts for a large portion of the economy and is growing strongly.

ICT competitiveness and per-capita GDP

ICT investment and per-capita GDP

ICT investment ratio and growth rate

(Source) Statistical data compiled by the WEF, the IMF and the OECD

## Share of the ICT industry and growth rate

Countries in which the ICT industry has a large share of the economy generally enjoy high real economic growth.

## The share of the ICT industry in Japan is not high compared with the share in other OECD countries
## Section 2 Channels Linking ICT with Economic Growth (1)

## I t is important to clarify the channels that link ICT with economic growth

The correlation between ICT and economic growth could be merely superficial. It is essential to clarify the channels that link the two.

The following are three major channels that link ICT with economic growth.

(1)Economic power: An increase in the input of factors of production (capital, labor, etc.) and a rise in productivity

(2)Intellectual power: Accumulation of human capital

(3)Social power: Accumulation of social capital

Three channels that link ICT with economic growth
## Through economic power, ICT contributes to economic growth by increasing the input of information capital and raising productivity

The accumulation of information capital through ICT investment contributes to growth by increasing productivity. ICT also makes teleworking possible and contributes to growth by encouraging the social participation of child-rearing parents and elderly people and by supporting the labor force.

O $ ^{!} $ Improved efficiency through the introduction of new ICT contributes to growth by increasing productivity.

(1) Economic power: Contribution to growth through a productivity rise, accumulation of information capital and support for the labor force

Japan	U.S.
ICT investment slumped after 1995.
(The ICT investment ratio stood at 22% in 2007)	ICT investment accelerated after 1995
(The ICT investment ratio stood at 34% in 2007.)
The productivity rise was slow.	The productivity rise accelerated.
The contribution of ICT to growth in capital information remained flat.
(The contribution to growth in non-information capital declined.)	The contribution of ICT to growth in information capital increased.
(The contribution to growth in non-information capital remained flat.)
The ratio of teleworkers stood at 10% in 2005	The ratio of teleworkers stood at 32% in 2005.
## Section 2 Channels Linking ICT with Economic Growth (3)

## I CT contributes to growth through intellectual power in the form of human capital and through social power in the form of social capital

OICT-empowered education and sharing of knowledge and information based on the utilization of ICT promote the accumulation of human capital.

The strengthening of local community networks and an improvement of governance based on the utilization of ICT promote the accumulation of social capital.

The enhancement of human and social capital has acted as the main driving force behind economic growth in recent years.

## I ntellectual power: Contribution to growth through accumulation of human capital(knowledge, information, education, personnel)

The accumulation of knowledge and information boosts economic growth.

## Social power: Contribution to growth through accumulation of social capital(governance and local community networks)

## I ncreased access to the Internet promotes information disclosure and

## A rise in the governance index boosts economic growth

*The governance index is compiled by the World Bank based on six indicators: (1) democratization, (2) political stability/non-violence, (3) government effectiveness, (4) regulatory quality, (5) rule of law and (6) control of corruption).
## Chapter 2

# Changing Global Economy and Japan’s ICT
## Section 1

# Japan’s ICT Industry Facing Problems
## Global recession directly hitting Japan’s ICT industry

The Japanese economy is slipping into the worst recession in the postwar period because of a sharp drop in exports. The ICT industry, hit by the recession, faces a rapid decline in demand, with ICT-related consumption, investment and exports all decreasing year-on-year.

In industrial sectors heavily dependent on exports, the revision of strategies, including business restructuring, is necessary.

Changes in major demand items (consumption, investment and exports) of the ICT industry
## Japan’s ICT industry also faces medium- and long-term challenges

O In recent years, Japan’s ICT industry has accounted for about a third of the country’s real economic growth, thus making a steady contribution to growth.

While the ICT industry continues to post strong growth in real terms, its growth remains slow in nominal terms due to the impact of price reduction.

OThe ICT industry, particularly the ICT equipment-manufacturing sector, is experiencing price drops due to commoditization and global competition. The information services sector also needs to prepare for future global competition as cloud computing technology is starting to spread.

ICT industry developments related to real and nominal GDP

## Challenges faced by the manufacturing and services sectors of the ICT industry

Both ICT-related manufacturing sector and information service sector are facing price reduction and global competition.

O Japan’s ICT-related manufacturing sector is confronted with the problem of commoditization.*

• The GDP deflator for the ICT industry has been declining every year. The ICT-related manufacturing sector has suffered a particularly sharp decline (upper figure).

• In the ICT-related manufacturing sector, imports from Asian, where labor costs are low, increased rapidly (lower figure).

• Amid price reduction and global competition, moves to start overseas production and form partnerships on a sector-by-sector basis are accelerating.

* Commoditization refers to a situation in which products offered by different companies become so similar that differentiation becomes difficult and price becomes the only competitive factor.

○Growth is expected for the information services sector.

As imports are also increasing in the information services sector, which is contributing to the nominal growth of the ICT industry, how to enhance competitiveness in anticipation of global competition is a challenge for the sector.
## There are signs of dynamism emerging from the industry slump

The difficult economic environment provides an opportunity to carry out the structural reforms that would be hard to implement in more favorable economic conditions. As structural changes such as the spread of the contents/application layer, the growth of Internet-based media and the diversification of Internet terminals are steadily proceeding in the ICT market, it is necessary to consider domestic and international strategies in light of such changes.

Some companies are earning record profits despite the recession by taking advantage of ICT to capture the needs of “stay-at-home consumers” and demand based on word-of-mouth advertising, development of a new product and promoting the efficiently at distribution.

## Growth of contents in the ICT market

Upper layers such as the contents/applications layer and the platform layer are growing rapidly. There are hopes for the creation of a diverse distribution market for information, including information related to medical care and education.

(Source) Quantitative analysis of the socio-economic impact of the advance of ICT (2009) by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

## I nternet’s growth as a media outlet

Amid the decline in expenditures for advertising using existing media, Internet-based media are growing. The advance of crossmedia is raising hopes for a new market that combines advertising and sales promotion.

(Source) Advertising Expenditures in Japan(2008) by the DENTSU INC.

## Diversification of Internet terminals

In addition to personal computers and mobile phones, game machines and TV sets and household electric appliances that can be connected to the Internet are steadily spreading. There are hopes for the creation of new business opportunities.

(Source): Survey on ICT utilization 2008 by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
## Section 2

## Japan’s ICT Lagging Behind in Overall Evaluation (1)
## Japan’s ICT has floundered in the ICT competitiveness rankings recently

O Japan was placed 17th in the World Economic Forum’s ICT competitiveness rankings for 2008. Japan has remained around 20th in recent years.

Denmark and Sweden occupied the first and second positions for the third consecutive year. European countries, led by Northern countries, occupied seven of the top 10 positions.

However, there are some problems with the ICT competitiveness rankings. For example, the criteria they are based on include those not directly related to ICT yet do not include those related to new technologies such as third-generation mobile phone services and optical fiber communication.

Changes in the ICT competitiveness rankings Japan has remained around the 20th position in recent years

Compiled from The Global Information Technology Report 2008-2009, by WEF (2009)

Components of the ICT competitiveness index (subindexes and pillars)

$ ^{*} $ The above figures are the rankings for Japan. The figures in parenthesis are the rankings in the previous year. The items in the shaded boxes are those regarding which Japan’s ranking rose from the previous year.
## Section 2: Japan’s ICT Lagging Behind in Overall Evaluation (2) International comparison of the current status of Japan’s ICT mainly in terms of infrastructure, utilization and security

OWe evaluated seven countries considered advanced in ICT (Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, South Korea, Singapore, Denmark and Sweden), which were selected so as to achieve a geographical balance, from three major viewpoints: ICT infrastructure, utilization and security.

O While Japan has developed the world’s highest level of broadband networks, it is lagging behind in ICT utilization.
## Section 2: Japan’s ICT Behind in Overall Evaluation (3) Japanese users tend to feel insecure about ICT despite the safe environment for ICT utilization in Japan

O Japanese users tend to feel insecure about ICT despite the safe environment for ICT utilization in Japan.

O It is necessary to continue to thoroughly implement safety measures and promote user education and awareness so as to make users feel secure.
## Japan is lagging behind in both utilization and security

The matrix plotting ICT utilization against sense of security for the seven countries we evaluated shows that Japan is at the opposite end from Denmark, Sweden and Singapore, which are well advanced in terms of both ICT utilization and sense of security.

For Japan to become the most advanced ICT power in the true sense, the country needs to study and actively incorporate the practices and know-how of more advanced countries, which are devoting serious efforts to national ICT strategies.

Relationship between the ICT utilization status and the sense of security (seven countries)

The figure shows that in Denmark, Sweden and Singapore, ICT utilization is advanced and the sense of security surrounding ICT is high.

The figure shows that Japan is the only country in which ICT utilization is not advanced and the sense of security surrounding ICT is low.

Evaluation of Denmark, Sweden and Singapore with regard to government-related variables of the ICT competitiveness rankings

O Denmark, Sweden and Singapore are all ranked high with regard to variables related to government prioritization of ICT and government usage of ICT.

Japan is ranked low with regard to these variables.

Government's prioritization of ICT	Importance of ICT to government's vision of the future	Government success in ICT promotion	Availability of government online services	ICT use and government efficiency	Presence of ICT in government offices
Denmark	3rd	7th	6th	3rd	3rd	4th
Sweden	7th	11th	7th	4th	8th	3rd
Singapore	1st	1st	1st	2nd	1st	1st
Japan	41st	31st	59th	51st	78th	35th

Compiled from “The Global Information Technology Report 2008-2009” by WEF (2009)
## Chapter 3

# Three Challenges Facing Japan’s Revival
## Section 1

# Investment for Enhancing Information Accessibility
## There remains an information gap between individuals and between companies

While three in four Japanese citizens use the Internet, there are concerns that the global economic crisis could widen the information gap between individuals by causing elderly people and poor households to be left behind in access to information.

There is also an information gap between companies, with the level of access to broadband services varying according to the company size and the business sector, and accessibility could be critical to whether or not local small and medium-size enterprises can secure nationwide or worldwide sales channels.

Status of Internet utilization by individual attribute (age and annual household income)

Utilization status by company size
## Lack of sufficient ICT investment is stalling Japan’s economic growth

O Japan’s growth in ICT investment is the lowest among developed countries. ICT investment by Japanese industries relying on ICT utilization, such as the retail and services industries, is showing particularly slow growth, lagging far behind ICT investment by their counterparts in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom.

OAs a result, the accumulation of information capital has failed to advance, causing the contribution of information capital to economic growth to remain flat in Japan whereas it is growing in many countries. Presumably, the accumulation of information capital has not been fully effective in boosting Japan’s economic growth rate.

## I nternational comparison of growth in information capital

International comparison of the contribution of information capital to economic growth
## Section 1: Investment for Enhancing Information Accessibility (3)

## A drastic acceleration of ICT investment will be the key to economic regeneration

We estimated the impact of a drastic acceleration of ICT investment on Japan’s economic growth in the 2010s by using medium- and long-term economic forecast simulations based on macroeconometric modeling.

OAs a result, we found that if ICT investment is accelerated drastically, the Japanese economy is highly likely to raise average real growth almost 1% in the 2010s.

However, it is essential for Japan to tackle challenges boldly amid the recession in order to restore ICT investment to the growth trends seen in the 1980s.

Real GDP rate in the 2010s by the acceleration of ICT investment

$ ^{*} $ Baseline scenario: This assumes that the global economy, which is rapidly slipping into recession, will recover moderately in fiscal 2010.

Accelerated investment scenario: This assumes, in addition to the assumption of the baseline scenario, that private-sector corporate capital expenditures will start growing sharply (average rise of 5 percentage points during the 2010s) in fiscal 2010 because of drastic investment promotion measures.

Accelerated ICT investment scenario: This assumes, in addition to the assumption of the accelerated investment scenario, that the ratio of ICT investment to private-sector corporate capital expenditures will rise (average rise of approximately 2 percentage points during the 2010s) because of aggressive measures to promote ICT investment.

Economic cycles and ICT investment in Japan and the United States
## Section 2

## Collaboration for Overcoming National Problems
## I n order to promote ICT utilization, it is necessary to adopt “horizontal development” and “vertical development” approaches

OIt is necessary to spread ICT utilization in ICT-lagging public sectors, such as medical/welfare, education/personnel, employment/labor and administrative services (horizontal development) while enhancing the quality of services in ICT-advanced sectors, such as transportation/distribution, culture/arts and “e-commerce” (vertical development), thereby strengthening the international competitiveness of these sectors.

First, promoting horizontal development is especially important for resolving social challenges related to social security, economy, employment and education.

“Horizontal development” and “vertical development” in the promotion of ICT utilization

Citizens’ causes of concern and requests to the government

The ratio of citizens who have concerns and worries has been almost consistently increasing since 1991 (the late stage of the bubble economy). Reflecting social circumstances such as the declining birthrate and the aging of society as well as the economic crisis, citizens' requests to the government are mostly related to matters directly concerning their daily lives, such as pensions, medical care, employment, economy and education.
## There is a mismatch between user needs and the ICT services available

OAsked about problems related to ICT utilization in public services, many Japanese users cited “lack of easy availability,” “concerns over security” and “failure to meet needs.” Regarding administrative services in particular, many users cited “lack of convenience and easy operability.” Meanwhile, few Danish users cite problems with regard to any services.

OIt is possible that in Japan, relevant parties are not sufficiently collaborating with each other in order to accurately identify the needs of citizens and other users and to provide ICT services devised from the standpoint of citizens.

OA look at the utilization rate in the medical/welfare sector by age group shows that the utilization rate rises with age in Denmark, whereas in Japan, the utilization rate is lower among elderly people. In short, although people who need ICT can use it in Denmark, that is not true in Japan.

Problems related to effective ICT utilization

ICT utilization rate by age group
## The ICT industry should act as a catalyst for promoting collaboration and provide solutions devised from the standpoint of citizens

O Japan should study the leading practices (e.g. the creation of a portal for citizens) adopted by Denmark and other countries considered advanced in ICT utilization.

O In order to effectively provide ICT systems and services that are easy to understand and use for elderly people, the ICT industry needs to act as a catalyst for promoting collaboration between user industries, relevant organizations and users and providing solutions devised from the standpoint of citizens.

An Internet portal for citizens (borger.dk) (Denmark)

## 【17 subjects】

①Labor/employment, ②Housing/moving house, ③Transportation/travel, ④Danes living abroad, ⑤Family/children/youth, ⑥Consumption/money/insurance, ⑦People with disabilities, ⑧Culture/leisure, ⑨Environment/energy, ⑩Pensions, ⑪Police/law/lawyers, ⑫Society/rights, ⑬School/education, ⑭Health/disease, ⑮Foreign nationals living in Denmark, ⑯Elderly people, ⑰Economy/tax

Collaboration between the ICT industry and other industry in prompting "horizontal development" and "vertical development"

Collaboration between the ICT industry and relevant parties will provide effective solutions devised from the standpoint of citizens.
## Section 3

Trust :

“e-Relationships” for Secure Internet Utilization
Three major causes for feeling insecure are “information security,” “privacy” and “illegal and harmful content”

Three major causes for feeling insecure over using ICT for citizens and companies are “information security,” “privacy,” and “illegal and harmful content”

In addition, citizens also have feeling insecure over “manners and social codes of conduct related to ICT utilization” and “e-commerce”, and companies over “manners and social codes of conduct related to ICT utilization” and “information literacy”.

## Feeling insecure using ICT for citizens and companies