goals for greenhouse gas emissions reductions, the bill sets the goal of raising the share of the supply of renewable energy to the total annual supply of primary energy in Japan to 10% by 2020.

In addition to the establishment of three major systems – the domestic emission trading system; consideration of the tax for global warming countermeasures and the review of the overall tax system; and establishment of the feed-in tariff system for the whole amount of renewable energy, the basic measures provide for measures for the spread and expansion of the use of renewable energy other than the feed-in tariff system for the whole amount of renewable energy; measures concerning nuclear power; promotion of rationalization of energy use; measures concerning transportation; promotion of development of innovative technologies; promotion of education and learning; promotion of voluntary activities; measures concerning the formation of local communities; preservation and strengthening of the absorption of greenhouse gases; adaptation to global warming; measures for international cooperation; and reflection of public opinions in policy formation, etc.

Of the three major systems specified in the basic measures, the domestic emission trading system, designed for steady reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, sets limits on greenhouse gas emissions by greenhouse gas emitters during a certain period and also allows transactions of greenhouse gas emissions with other emitters for compliance with the limits. The government will consider a necessary legislative measure, in parallel with the consideration of the tax for global warming countermeasures, to obtain the final draft within around one year after coming into force of the Act on Global Warming Countermeasures. In considering the necessary legislative measure, the government will consider the scope of emitters, the method to set the limits on greenhouse gas emissions by emitters during a certain period and other necessary matters concerning the appropriate implementation of the domestic emission trading system. Concerning the method to set the limits on greenhouse gas emissions during a certain period, the government will consider a formula of setting the limits on emissions as an absolute amount of greenhouse gas emissions, in principle, while also considering a formula of setting the limits on emissions as per unit of output and other amounts that indicate the scale of business activities.

The bill also calls for the formulation of a basic plan for the comprehensive and systematic promotion of global warming countermeasures (the Basic Plan). In order to present an image of measures and policies for achieving the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2020 and by 80% by 2050, as well as potential economic effects of these measures and policies, the Ministry of the Environment announced the "Mid- and Long-Term Roadmap for Global Warming Countermeasures (Draft Proposal of Minister of the Environment Sakihito Ozawa)" on March 31, 2010 (Figure 2-4-4). We plan to carefully examine the draft by listening to opinions of the Japanese people going forward in order to make it a much better roadmap.

Furthermore, given such a path of action, we are building up the “Challenge 25 Campaign,” a popular movement to promote the Challenge 25 in which all people join hands to protect the “environment of the earth and Japan” and carry it over to the future generation, and will move on to reduce $ CO_{2} $ emissions from a variety of activities, ranging from manufacturing operations to people’s daily lives, by encouraging the practices of the “6 Challenges,” including the choice of environment-friendly lifestyles and the choice of energy-saving products (Figure 2-4-5).

Japan will also take the initiative in international negotiations to build a fair and effective framework in which all major countries, including the United States and China, will participate. In order to serve as a bridge between developed and developing countries, Japan will push ahead with measures to support developing countries that actively take mitigation measures under the “Hatoyama Initiative,” while closely monitoring developments in international negotiations going forward.