status of Japan in the international community;

• Facilitate the dissemination of research and development, and their results, of technology contributing to the prevention of global warming, etc.;

• Facilitate the development of industries contributing to the prevention of global warming, etc. and an expansion of employment opportunities and ensure job security for those engaged in businesses affected by the promotion of global warming countermeasures;

• Ensure coordination with energy-related measures in a manner that secures the stable energy supply;

• Ensure coordination with measures for disaster prevention, preservation of biodiversity and securing of stable supply of food, etc.

• Gain the understanding of business operators and citizens about the effects and impacts of global warming countermeasures on economic activities and people’s daily lives and pay due heed to appropriate fiscal management.

The mid- and long-term goals include the mid- and long-term goals for greenhouse gas emissions reductions and the mid-term goal concerning the supply of renewable energy, both of which cite specific figures. Regarding the former, the bill sets the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2020 from the 1990 level, premised on the establishment of a fair and effective international framework in which all the major economies participate and their agreement on ambitious reduction targets, and of reducing emissions by 80% by 2050 from the 1990 level, and in this case, the bill states that the national government should endeavor to share with all the economies the goal of at least halving the global greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Regarding the latter, in relation to the achievement of the mid- and long-term

## Figure2-4-4 Mid- and Long-Term Roadmap for Global Warming Countermeasures (Outline) - Draft Proposal by Minister of the Environment Sakihito Ozawa -

## 【Things that I would like to convey in the Mid- and Long-Term Roadmap】

1) Global warming countermeasures are an urgent issue necessary to protect the environment of Japan and the rest of the world. The roadmap proposes a path of measures and policies for reducing emissions by 25% by 2020 and by 80% by 2050.

2) Promoting environmental investments and practicing a low-carbon lifestyle (or an eco-friendly lifestyle) will allow people to live comfortable, affluent lives – not lives based on tolerance. The efforts of each and every citizen via Challenge 25 are needed in order to achieve mid- and long-term objectives.

3) It is important not to focus on burdens alone but to think of global warming countermeasures as a pillar of new growth. Investing in the construction of a low-carbon society will generate a variety of benefits, including the cultivation of new markets and jobs, revitalization of communities, and ensuring of energy security.

## Daily life - Spread of Zero-emission Residential Houses and Buildings -

【Goal】100% achievement rate of revised energy-saving standards for new buildings $ ^{*} $

• Establishment of zero-emission standards that integrate structures (buildings), energy-consuming appliances and other household electronics, and energy-creating devices such as solar light

• Make fulfillment of energy-saving standards and zero-emission standards mandatory

• Tax system, etc. for promotion of new construction and improvement of old buildings

• Making the labeling system and environment performance display mandatory

• Support for making homes zero-emission from a home/GHG consultant

• Creation of a mechanism that visualizes housing performance and provides incentives in accordance with reduction amounts

## Daily Life - Making Railroad, Marine and Air Transportation Low-Carbon

• Promotion of introduction of energy-efficient rail cars, ships (eco-ships) and aircraft (eco-planes)

• Promotion of introduction of low-carbon fuels

• Mechanism for cargo owners to choose low-carbon carriers

## Daily Life - Environment-Friendly Automobile Market

【Goal】Sales of 2.5 million units of next-generation vehicles $ ^{*} $

· Heavier/lighter taxation based on CO $ _{2} $ emissions

· Phased tightening of gas mileage standards

· Certification of E10 vehicles

· Promotion of introduction of hybrid and electric vehicles

· Development of high-performance and next-generation batteries

· Promotion of eco-driving and car sharing

## Community Building - Creation of Walkable Communities -

【Goal】Reduction of driving distance per passenger by 10%*

• Formulate an “action plan to create a low-carbon society” in all municipalities

· Close proximity of residential, commercial and business areas to the station and within the walking distance

• Extension of LRT and BRT, and expedited construction of planned rail routes

• Development of space for sidewalks and bicycles

· Support for promotion of the use of public transportation

· Maximization of the utilization of unused heat in urban areas

• Development of low-carbon municipal districts utilizing local natural resources

• Making distribution and interregional passenger transportation low-carbon

## Community Building - Realizing Zero Carbon Rural Communities -

• Formulation and achievement of “zero carbon plans” in all communities

• Promotion of the use of lumber in buildings, etc., promotion of the use of biomass resources, and utilization of forests, farmland, etc. as sinks

· Spread local energy business models across the country

## Monozukuri - Worldwide Spread of Japanese Low-Carbon Manufacturing

【Goal】 Reduce energy consumption by 30-40%(by 2050)

· Development of markets that reward emission-cutting companies

• Creation of an environment that supports emission-cutting companies financially

• Promotion of information disclosure via financial statements, etc.

• A public disclosure system for calculation reports that evaluate lifecycle emission amounts

• Support for efforts through a GHG consultant system for small businesses

• Support for development of innovative technologies

• Fostering of engineers who engage in "monozukuri" low-carbon manufacturing

• Thorough discontinuation of use of chlorofluorocarbons (control of emissions of three greenhouse gases, including hydrochlorofluorocarbons)

## Energy Supply - Next-Generation Energy Supply Aimed at a Low-Carbon Society -

【Goal】 Raise the ratio of renewable energy to at least 10% or more (by 2020), achieve the 100% diffusion rate of smart grid systems (by 2030). The feed-in tariff system at levels encouraging business investment (the internal rate of return of 8% or more, etc.), and the green certificate system for heat

· Nurturing of companies and areas that seek to spread the use of renewable energy by reducing business risks and initial burdens

· Making introduction of renewable energy mandatory, and reforming social systems in accordance with diffusion levels

• Enhancement of the power grid and storage systems to withstand the introduction of the large amount of renewable energy, and development of the smart grid

• Making thermal power generation low-carbon using fuel conversion and high-efficiency thermal power generation technology, and expanded use of nuclear power generation, with safety as the top priority

## Core Social Systems for Creating a Low-Carbon Society

• The cap-and-trade domestic emission trading system and the tax for global warming countermeasures

Note: Goals without any specified year for achievement are intermediate goals on the road to 2020

Source: Ministry of the Environment