Table 3-2-1: Contribution of measures and technologies concerning Energy- originated Carbon Dioxide Forming CO₂-saving regional and urban structures and socioeconomic systems

Measures	Relevant technologies (examples)
CO2-saving urban design
1	Promote Area energy network	district heating and cooling, co-generation, fuel cells
2	Efforts that transcend the individual boundaries of each entity	BEMS, BA-FA integration platform technologies
3	Reducing CO2 emissions by improving the heat environment through countermeasures against the heat island effect such as greening	Greening of special spaces such as rooftops, artificial-waste heat-control technologies, water-retentive pavement, solar-reflective paint, sewage/spring-recycling technologies
Design CO2-saving transportation systems
1	Promote use of public transportation	LRT, IC card technologies
2	Promote environmentally friendly use of automobiles	anti-idling equipment, eco-drive management system (EMS)
3	Build a system that facilitates road traffic	Intelligent Transport System (ITS), Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS)
4	Realize Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST)	LRT, CNG bus
Build CO2-saving distribution systems
1	Promote CO2-saving measures with the cooperation of shippers and distributors	Information systems to improve logistics efficiency
2	Promote improvement of distribution efficiency	new technology such as the next generation domestic vessels (Super Eco-Ship)
Promote integrated introduction of new energy and energy interchange
1	Build network of dispersed new energy sources	MicroGrid
2	Promoting use of biomass	Technologies for utilizing biomass resources, technologies for conversion/utilization of biomass energies
3	Effective use of unused energy sources	Technologies for utilizing unused energies (energy generated from temperature difference using seawater, sewage, etc., heat from snow and ice), technologies to use waste heat (heat from waste incineration)
4	Energy conservation through cooperation among multiple businesses	Companies sharing exhaust heat from factories in industrial complex (high-efficiency heat-storage equipment)

Measures	Relevant technologies (examples)
Efforts in manufactures, etc.
1	Steadily implement on voluntary action plans	Energy-saving process technologies, energy-saving production facilities and systems, development of high-function steel materials, etc.
2	Thoroughly manage energy by plants, etc.	Instruments and control technologies
3	Efforts by the civilian and transport sectors in industry	development of lighter and more functional materials, products that are highly energy-efficient
Efforts by transport businesses
1	Promote environmentally friendly use of automobiles (same as the above)	anti-idling equipment, eco-drive management system (EMS)
2	Promote CO2-saving measures with the cooperation of shippers and distributors (same as the above)	Information systems to improve logistics efficiency
3	Promote improvement of distribution efficiency (same as the above)	New technologies such as next generation domestic vessels (super eco-ships)
CO2-saving in business facilities such as offices and stores
1	Steadily implement on voluntary action plans	Introduction of energy-conserving equipment, replacement of conventional machines with energy-conserving equipment
2	Thoroughly manage energy according to the Energy Conservation Law	BEMS
3	Improve energy conservation capability of buildings	Energy-saving technologies for building skeleton (structural materials, windows, insulating materials, etc.)
4	Spread Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS)	BEMS
CO2-saving in households
1	Improve energy conservation capability of houses	Energy conservation renovation work, heat insulation materials, photovoltaic power generation systems, glass with a high energy conservation capability (multiple-layer glass), sashes with a high energy conservation capability (wooden or plastic), greening of rooftops or wall surfaces
2	Spread Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS)	HEMS
CO2-saving in the energy supply sector
1	Steadily promote nuclear power generation	Improvement of the nuclear power plant's capacity factor, nuclear fuel cycle technologies
2	Promote introduction of new energy sources	Utilizing sunlight, wind power and biomass(use of heat from biomass, solar and waste incineration, fuel derived from biomass, photovoltaic and wind power generation, power generation from waste)
3	Promote shift to natural gas	Improving efficiency of gas turbines and gas engines, natural gas cogeneration, highly efficient gas air conditioning, GTL (gas-to-liquid) technologies for natural gases, dimethyl ether, methane hydrate
4	Reduce CO2 emission factor in the electric field	Improvement of the heat efficiency of thermal power generation, thermal storage systems
5	Promote effective use of oil and LP gas	Petroleum co-generation systems, highly efficient boilers with low NOx, LPG co-generation systems, gas engine boilers
6	Realize a hydrogen-based society	Fuel cells, hydrogen manufacturing

Measures	Relevant technologies (examples)
Measures and policies, etc. by equipment in the industrial sector
1	Promote introduction of equipment and facilities with high energy conservation capability	various kinds of energy-conserving equipment, high efficiency industrial furnaces, high efficiency boilers, next-generation coke ovens, fuel efficient construction machinery
Measures and policies, etc. by equipment in the transport sector
1	Expand and spread automobiles that meet top-runner standards	automobiles that meet top-runner standards (introduction of LPG passenger automobiles, etc.)
2	Spread fuel-efficient automobiles	Technologies to improve fuel efficiency, clean diesel passenger automobiles
3	Spread clean energy automobiles	Hybrid automobiles, natural gas automobiles, electric automobiles, methanol automobiles, fuel cell automobiles
4	Reduce running speed of large trucks	Speed-limiting device
5	Promote environmentally friendly use of automobiles (same as the above)	Anti-idling systems, eco-drive management system (EMS)
6	Introduce sulfur-free fuels	Sulfur-free petroleum fuel
7	Improve energy efficiency in railroad, shipping and aviation industries etc.	Light vehicles, vehicles with VVVF equipment $ ^{*} $ ), electrical propulsion ships, ships equipped with electronically-controlled engines
Measures by equipment in the commercial and residential sectors
1	Improve efficiency of equipment that meets top-runner standards	Energy-saving technologies for those machines and equipment covered by the top-runner standards (Air-conditioners, fluorescent lamps, television sets, electric refrigerators, gas cooking appliances, electric toilet seats, passenger vehicles)
2	Provide information on energy-conserving equipment, etc.	Various kinds of energy-conserving equipment, energy conservation technologies
3	Help spread and develop technology for energy-conserving equipment such as efficient water heaters	Natural refrigerant heat-pump water heaters, latent heat recovery type water heaters, gas engine water heaters(miniaturization and facilitating installation),electromagnetic cookers, electric kettle using a vacuum-insulation panel, electric washer and dryer heat-pump laundry, highly-efficient commercial-use air conditioners utilizing heat pump technology, highly-efficient commercial-use water heaters and low temperature natural refrigerant freezer units that do not use chlorofluorocarbons, integrated systems combining energy-efficient refrigerators and freezers, and air conditioning for the use of retail stores, light emitting diodes (LEDs), fluorescent lamp using an inverter system, Hf lamp
4	Reduce standby power consumption	Equipment of low standby power consumption

Note: (*) VVVF stands for vehicles equipped with a mechanism that efficiently controls the revolutions per minute of the motor without using electrical resistance. Source: Ministry of the Environment