Fig. 2-13 Controlled Landfill site

$ ^{*} $ Drawn based on the Ministry of the Environment ordinance for the final disposal of waste

Source: Japan Environmental Sanitation Center

Example of final disposal site with roof (Takasaki General Waste Final Disposal Site in Miyakonojo-shi)

Source: Research Committee for Closed System Disposal Facilities

improve the reliability of final disposal sites, technical development has progressed actively, such as high-technology seepage control works and storage functions. For example, a final disposal site with a roof can reduce the generation of leachate and prevent the diffusion of odors as well as prevent waste being dispersed. In this way, affecting the surrounding environment can be avoided. In addition, an electric water leakage detection system for liner sheets was developed. This system detects water leaks, should these occur, with electrodes arranged near the liner sheet and provides feedback to the administrative building. With this system, even if the liner sheet should break, any pollution of the surrounding environment, such as groundwater, can be avoided.

Furthermore, technology is now under development that removes waste already disposed of in a final disposal site and segregates and transports it in such a manner as to match the acceptance conditions (for example, grain size, physical properties, etc.) of a resource recovery facility for the purpose of re-securing a space for landfill and reviving the final disposal site.

## (5) Technologies for making the waste flow transparent

Various other technologies are also used at waste management sites. Of these, a technology that accurately ascertains and manages the flow of waste and thus makes it transparent is effective for preventing illegal dumping. A representative example of this technology is an electronic manifest.

The manifest system was established so that waste-generating businesses can accurately ascertain and manage conditions throughout the distribution flow of industrial waste. In this system, when a waste-generating business consigns industrial waste to a collecting and transporting business, or when a collecting and transporting business transfers industrial waste to a waste management business, a management form (manifest sheet), in which the type and quantity of industrial waste, the name of the waste-generating business, the name of the collecting and transporting business and the name of the waste management business are recorded, is handed over to the collecting and transporting business and the collecting and transporting business fills in the manifest sheet (with a receipt stamp of the collecting and transporting business, the confirmation of the completion of transport, a receipt stamp of the waste management business, the confirmation of the completion of disposal, etc.) and returns a copy of the manifest sheet to the waste-generating business. Revisions to the Waste Management Law made this system mandatory for industrial waste under special control from April 1993 and for all industrial waste from December 1998, when disposal is consigned.

The 1997 revision of the Waste Management Law introduced an electronic manifest system, in addition to the conventional paper manifest. The electronic manifest system not only contributes to rationalizing information management by waste-generating businesses and waste management businesses but also stores the data on a network, making it impossible for people engaging in illegal dumping to destroy the manifest. There were 7,784 subscribers to the electronic manifest system as at the end of March.