Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Power Plant, was the first time a wide-area evacuation exercise had been conducted, and the police implemented drills for the evacuation guidance of residents in the remote islands, traffic restrictions, information gathering using the prefectural police helicopters, and the transmission of images to the crisis management center, etc.

Images transmitted from a prefectural police helicopter

Case: In October 2011, the Kyoto Prefectural Police conducted a joint drill with the Fire Department, the Self-Defense Forces, the Japan Coast Guard and the local authorities for a scenario involving the occurrence of a compound disaster (earthquake, tsunami, nuclear power). The exercise involved on-map and on-the-ground drills related to evacuation guidance for residents and practical approaches to conducting search and rescue of victims. On the assumption that a tsunami warning was issued with the occurrence of a major earthquake and there was a dispersal of radioactive material from a nuclear power plant, the participating parties checked practical methods of mutual cooperation. It also conducted a drill for the rescue and transportation of persons injured in the earthquake on the assumption that they were left behind in areas where evacuation orders had been issued.

Reviewing on-map training

5 Traffic Restrictions in the Event of a Large-Scale Disaster

(1) Tokyo Metropolitan Area Epicentral Earthquake (Northern Tokyo Bay Earthquake) and Expected Traffic Restrictions

In March 2012, the NPA together with related prefectural police, prepared a draft on a wide-area traffic restriction plan that would enable the prompt dispatch of police as well as other units, and the transportation of supplies to affected areas after the occurrence of an epicentral earthquake in the Tokyo metropolitan area. According to the draft, vehicles coming into the inner city areas would be prohibited immediately after the earthquake, ordinary vehicles would be removed from routes expected to be designated as emergency traffic routes, and routes would be designated as emergency traffic routes after road safety was confirmed.

1) Routes expected to be designated as Emergency Traffic Routes

Routes were chosen from expressways, alternative routes which were used in case expressways became impassable or other routes subject to them being “wide main roads”.

## 2 ) Traffic Check-points

On routes expected to be designated emergency traffic routes, locations where non-emergency

Routes scheduled to be designated emergency traffic routes based on first draft wide-area traffic restriction plans (Overall)

Map Use confirmed © Shobunsha

Note: Regarding emergency traffic routes that will be designated in the event of an actual disaster, changes will be made depending on the scale of the disaster and conditions.
traffic vehicles need to be blocked were selected.

(2) Formulating Practical Guidelines for the Implementation of Traffic Restrictions of Large-Scale Disasters

Based on the responses to this earthquake, the police have drafted “Practical Guidelines for the Implementation of Traffic Restrictions of Large-Scale Disasters”.

## 1 ) Basic Idea of Traffic Restriction

- Prioritization of transportation of personnel and supplies needed for matters such as life saving, prevention of further expansion of disasters, government/local/infrastructure-related, and transportation of injured persons immediately after the occurrence of a large-scale disaster (Stage 1)

- The scope of restrictions on emergency traffic routes will be gradually reduced in accordance with the traffic capacity of the road (status of restoration) and traffic volume and other factors.

- The scope of vehicles that will be allowed passage will also be gradually expanded in view of traffic conditions and other factors, and in consideration of priority (Stage 2)

2) Handling of Civilian Vehicles that are Allowed Passage

With regards to vehicles of private sector businesses other than emergency traffic vehicles that will be allowed passage, newly included vehicles are shown based on examples taken up with this earthquake.

- Among these vehicles, advance notification similar to those for emergency traffic vehicles will be introduced for medical care, heavy machinery and road clearance vehicles.

Future traffic restrictions in the event of a large-scale disaster

## Pre-Disaster

Advance notification in relation to some vehicles to be used for disaster emergency measures (emergency traffic vehicles Note 1)

Note 1: Emergency vehicles of the police and fire department and vehicles used by designated administrative agencies, etc. for rescue activities and emergency transportation, etc.

New framework

Advance notification in relation to other specific vehicles (restriction exempt vehicles Note 2)

Note 2: Vehicles that will be used in the socioeconomic activities of private sector businesses, etc. that require particular prioritization following a disaster(Example) Vehicles for doctors/ pharmaceutical activities, and transportation of heavy machinery and road clearance, etc.

## Post-Disaster

○ Designation of emergency traffic routes
Alternative facility set-up training
○ Constructing the body identification system

Azuma Kazuhiro, Chief of Unit, Criminal Investigation Laboratory, Criminal Investigation Department, Fukushima Prefectural Police Headquarters

As technical personnel, I am usually engaged in the identification of a criminal’s footprints and other matters. However, immediately after the earthquake, I provided logistical support for police officers engaged in autopsies and other related tasks at the disaster security headquarters.

While there, I saw a lot of information on the many recovered bodies, but due to the confusion caused by the earthquake, not only was this information not in order, information such as clothing, dental profiles, DNA profiles, etc. was subdivided and managed by different sections even though they pertained to the same body, which made it very difficult to conduct body identification efficiently. The more time passes, the more bodies will deteriorate and I strongly felt the need to “return them to their families as soon as possible”.

Consequently, I constructed a system that would enable the centralized management of information on bodies found within the prefecture, such as physical features, clothing, and DNA profiles. On top of this, I compiled information received from families, etc. to enable the multifaceted confirmation of information on bodies by cross-referencing this information. Even after the system started to operate, I continued to mull over the question, "How can bodies be identified quickly and accurately?" and after over six months of repeated modification, not only has body identification gradually become more efficient, the accuracy has also improved dramatically.

This system is the result of the cooperation provided by the police nationwide that were involved in autopsy activities, the gathering of information on missing persons and other tasks. I hope to continue to do my utmost until the day when the last person is returned to their family.
## 2 ) Approach taken by Police

Based on the study group’s final report, the NPA established the “Program to Advance Investigation Methods and Interrogations” in March 2012 and have been promoting the following three mainstay policies.

## i) Expanding of Trial-Based Audiovisual Recordings of Interrogations

In order to look into policies that are effective and efficient for proving the voluntary nature of confessions provided for trials by lay judges, the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD) and other prefectural police started trial-based audiovisual recordings of interrogations in September 2008, and all prefectural police had been implementing trial-based recordings since April 2009. In April 2012, the NPA expanded the scope of trial-based audiovisual recordings of interrogations to include all cases subject to lay-judge ruling, not only cases involving confessions but also, when necessary, cases in which suspects deny the charges and recording of the interrogation at various stages. In May 2012, this audiovisual recording was launched on a trial basis, including for cases in which suspects have intellectual disability.

## ii) Promoting Interrogation Enhancement and Appropriateness

In order to achieve improvements correspond to the times regarding how investigative techniques should be applied in order to properly and effectively obtain a statement that represents the truth through interrogation and how these techniques should be passed on, as well as to increase overall propriety in investigations through accurate investigation supervision and other actions, police are promoting the enhancement and appropriateness of interrogations

## iii) Promoting Investigation Methods

To break away from excessive dependence on interrogations and records of statements, and to respond accurately to crimes that are ever more advanced and complex due to developments in scientific techniques and other factors, and to enable accurate proof through objective evidence, police are striving for the enhancement of investigation methods such as expansion of the DNA profile database and expansion of wiretapping.

Setting for trial audiovisual recordings of interrogations (representation)
(2) Example of Approach using Scientific Techniques

1) Using DNA profiling, DNA profile databases

From September 2005, the NPA commenced operation of DNA profile database for the registration and comparison of DNA profiles of suspects and DNA profiles gathered from crime scenes. As of the end of December 2011, the number of cases in which suspects were confirmed through the use of the DNA database was 16,456 (12,696 persons).

## 2 ) Security Camera Image Analysis

Police are conducting analyses and identification using images taken by security cameras or other imaging devices for use in investigations. The 3D face image identification system is a system that identifies individuals by

Trends in registered number of suspect DNA profiles, DNA profiles left at crime scenes (accumulated)

comparing these images of faces taken by security cameras to 3D images of a suspect’s face acquired separately. This system coupled with the widespread use of security cameras comprises an effective investigative technique that underlines the suspect’s involvement in a crime.

Face image comparison using the 3D face image identification system

## 3 ) Enhancing Digital Forensics $ ^{1} $

Electronic devices such as mobile phones and computers have become widespread among the general public, and are being used in many crimes. Following the amendment of the Penal Code in June 2011, crimes related to electromagnetic

records of unauthorized commands (the so called “computer virus crimes”) were newly defined, making the analysis of computer viruses essential and increasing the importance of forensically sound analysis of electromagnetic records in criminal

Extraction of information from seized electronic devices

investigations. In order to respond appropriately to conditions in the rapidly changing field of information and communications, police are cooperating with related agencies to enhance analysis capabilities in relation to electromagnetic records.

Digital forensics
Topic II: Promoting Crime Infrastructure Countermeasures

With a firm eye on the future public safety of Japan, police are cooperating with related agencies and organizations, etc. to promote comprehensive countermeasures against crime infrastructure.

The term “Crime infrastructure” refers to the basis upon which crime is nurtured or made easier to commit. There are acts that are crimes in themselves such as sham marriages and sham parental relationships, etc. that are used as a method of fraudulently acquiring resident status for illegal immigrants as well as others entering the country, and acts that are in themselves legal, such as various systems and services, but are

exploited to commit crimes such as fraud. This type of crime infrastructure is steadily being constructed in a variety of criminal fields, and has become a major threat to public safety. Police formulated the “Crime Infrastructure Countermeasures Plan” in March 2011 and are currently applying the full force of the police organization in pressing ahead with these countermeasures.

Status of crime infrastructure
with their understanding and support, are making efforts to reinforce cooperation with the related agencies and organizations.

Crime infrastructure

countermeasure poster
Topic III: Working towards the Realization of Orderly Bicycle Traffic

When riding a bicycle, let's bear in mind that the bicycle is a vehicle and observe the rules. Also, drivers of motor vehicles and pedestrians should also be aware of bicycle rules, so that we can all be considerate towards each other and focus on safety.

Bicycles are used by a wide range of people from young to old, and more recently, with the disruption to traffic and other matters caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, bicycles have come under the spotlight as a means of getting to and from work as well as other purposes. However, on another note, accidents involving bicycles account for over 20% of total traffic accidents, and there is an endless stream of criticism from the public regarding the traffic rule violations and manners of bicycle users, while at the same time, the development of the traffic environment for bicycle users is insufficient.

In view of this situation, the NPA issued a notice entitled “Promotion of Comprehensive Measures to Realize Orderly Bicycle Traffic” in October 2011, and are now fully engaged in measures for bicycles in cooperation with related agencies, organizations, and others.

(1) The Basic Concept of Measures for Bicycles

In view of the revision of the Road Traffic Act in 2007, police have been engaged in a variety of measures aiming to establish orderly bicycle traffic. However, in addition to the continued promotion of measures hitherto, the basic concept of the notice issued this time also places a particular emphasis on raising awareness among all persons who comprise the “traffic society”, that bicycles are also vehicles, in a bid to secure the safety of both cyclists and pedestrians.

Trend in the No. of bicycle related accidents and percentage of overall traffic accidents
Overview of Comprehensive Measures

(2) Measures for the Realization of Orderly Bicycle Traffic

Under the previously mentioned basic concept, police are comprehensively promoting measures such as the establishment of bicycle traffic environments, promoting full awareness of rules and safety education among cyclists, and reinforcing enforcement against cycling related offenses.

## 1 ) Establishing Bicycle Traffic Environments

To enable those who comprise the bulk of traffic, pedestrians and cyclists and others, to make their journeys safely and co-exist appropriately, police are striving to secure the safety of cyclists and pedestrians by coordinating with road administrators to develop dedicated cycling spaces (bicycle lanes $ ^{4} $ and bicycle paths $ ^{5} $ ) and by undertaking reviews of areas where traffic regulations that allow “ordinary” bicycles $ ^{6} $ to be used on footpaths can be implemented.

Example of a bicycle lane (Yokohama City, Kanagawa)

Example of a bicycle path (Kagoshima City, Kagoshima)
## 2 ) Ensuring Cyclists are Fully Aware of Cycling Rules

In coordination with local public authorities, schools, bicycle related businesses, etc. police are working to ensure full awareness of bicycle traffic rules among a wide range of cyclists such as children, students, the elderly, and housewives using the “Traffic Safety Education Guidelines”, and the “Five Rules of Safe Cycling” and other relevant materials.

## Five Rules of Safe Cycling

3 Give pedestrians right of way on sidewalks and ride slowly on the side nearest the road

Cycling under the influence of alcohol, two persons using a single-seat bicycle, cycling side-by-side is prohibited

## 3 ) Promoting bicycle safety education

Through coordination with schools and other institutions, the police are promoting bicycle safety education for children and students, endeavouring to provide enriched educational content including accident re-enactment with stuntmen and bicycle classes involving participation, hands-on experience, and practice using bicycle simulators. During 2011, about 30,000 bicycle classes were held across Japan for children, students, the elderly, etc. which were attended by about 4.4 million persons. In addition, police are endeavouring to implement education from the perspective of motor vehicle drivers, covering points for consideration in order to secure bicycle safety, etc. by making use of every driver education opportunity, such as courses during license renewal.

Stuntmen re-enacting an accident

## 4 ) Enhancing Enforcement against Bicycles

Focusing on priority areas and routes $ ^{7} $ for bicycle guidance education, police are reinforcing guidance and warning activities against violations such as riding with no lights, two persons on a single seat bicycle, ignoring traffic lights, and failing to stop at stop signs, and also taking strict steps including enforcement of regulations such as the issuance of traffic tickets against persons riding bicycles with faulty brakes (no brakes, etc.) and other malicious or dangerous traffic violations that have resulted in specific damage or injury to other vehicles or pedestrians or that have repeatedly violated the rules and ignored previous guidance and warnings.

Police officers enforcing regulations regarding bicycles with faulty brakes
## ii) Joint training

Police are working to improve emergency response capability by conducting joint training with key infrastructure businesses, etc. against envisioned incidents.

## iii) Cyber Terrorism Countermeasure Council

Cyber Terrorism Countermeasure Councils comprised of the police and key infrastructure businesses, etc. have been established in all prefectures to distribute information from the police, host lectures by private-sector experts, and conduct exchanges of views and information sharing between participating businesses.

## (3) Promotion of Counter Cyber Intelligence

## 1 ) Status

The threat of cyber intelligence has increased in recent years, and a number of targeted e-mail attacks against administrative agencies and private sector businesses, etc. occurred during 2011.

Case: In September 2011, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries was subjected to a cyber-attack and about 80 computers in factories, etc. producing state-of-the-art submarines, missiles, and nuclear power plants were found to have been infected with malware enabling information to be stolen from an external location.

Case: Following revelations that computers in the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors were infected with malware enabling information to be stolen from an external location, countermeasures headquarters were set up by the House of Representatives Secretariat in October 2011 and the House of Councillors Secretariat in

Cyber Terrorism Countermeasure Council

November 2011, with police participation in both.

## 2 ) Countermeasures

Police are working to prevent damage from the theft of information and enhancing coordination with overseas investigation agencies to reveal the true situation behind cyber intelligence activities.

## i) Cyber Intelligence Information Sharing Network

In August 2011, the police constructed an information sharing network between businesses, etc. nationwide to undertake information sharing in relation to cyber-attacks that are thought to have been conducted with the intention of stealing information. As well as the compilation and analysis of information provided by businesses, etc. via the network, police are sending attention notices to businesses, etc. based on analysis results.

## ii) Counter Malware Council against Cyber-Intelligence

In August 2011, the police established a council with anti-virus software providers, etc. to share information related to malware countermeasures.

Counter Cyber Intelligence Diagram
Police provide information related to malware that commercially available anti-virus software is not able to detect in order to improve information security measures.

## Column: Targeted e-Mail Attacks

Targeted e-mail attacks are cyber-attacks designed to steal information by infecting recipient computers with malware that cannot be detected by commercially available anti-virus software, attached to e-mails that are sent out under the guise of legitimate business related messages.
Topic V: Expanding the Recruitment and Promotion of Female Police Officers

As the utilization of competent female police officers is essential to the maintenance of public safety, it is important to expand their recruitment and promotion.

As the birth rate in society continues to decline, there are concerns about the possibility of a decrease in the number of applicants of police recruitment exams. In order to maintain the quality of police officers and invigorate the police organization by securing opportunities for female police officers to fully apply their abilities, police are actively expanding the level of recruitment and promotion of capable and competent female police officers.

## (1) Status of Female Police Officers

## 1 ) Expanding Recruitment

Police are actively engaged in the recruitment of female police officers. Over 1,000 female police officers have been recruited every year since 2002, and the number of female police officers is increasing yearly. About 1,200 were recruited in 2011 (10.9% of total newly recruited officers), and as of April 1, 2012, there were 17,700 active female police officers $ ^{8} $ in the prefectural police forces nationwide, accounting for 6.8% of all police officers $ ^{9} $ .

In order to recruit motivated and capable women, all prefectural police are actively engaged in recruitment activities targeting women, such as sending female police officers to career fairs. In addition, the NPA is supporting the activities of the prefectural police by creating recruitment pamphlets for female police officers and other efforts.

Trend in the number of female police officers in prefectural police and percentage of total police officers

Note 1: Figures shown are as of April 1 of each fiscal year.

PRIDE

女性将家を交える詩りと詩

像治疗员智能安全（女性）

Female police officer recruitment pamphlet