Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## 9 ハンセン病対策の推進

388億円(393億円)

「ハンセン病問題の解決の促進に関する法律」等に基づき、ハンセン病療養所の入所者への必要な療養の確保、退所者等への社会生活支援策、偏見・差別の解消のための普及啓発等の施策を着実に実施する。また、ハンセン病療養所での歴史的建造物等の保存に向けた取組を推進する。

## 10 薬物乱用・依存症対策の推進

7. 9億円(8.8億円)

## (1) 取締体制の強化等

6.4億円(7億円)

巧妙化かつ広域化する麻薬・覚せい剤・大麻等の薬物事犯に迅速かつ的確に対応するため、新たに DNA 型鑑定を導入するなど取締体制を強化する。また、青少年等の薬物乱用防止のため、より効果的・効率的な啓発活動を実施する。

(2)薬物等の依存症対策の推進【一部新規】

53百万円(70百万円)

地域での薬物・アルコールを中心とした依存症対策を推進するため、「地域依存症対策支援計画」を策定し、この計画に基づく事業を実施するとともに、「家族支援員」を配置する。また、依存症者の社会復帰支援を強化するため、関係者や依存症家族に対しての研修を行う。

## 11 水道事業の適切な運営等

588億円(284億円)

## (1) 水道事業の適切な運営

213億円(284億円)

水道施設の広域化と適切な更新を進めるとともに、水道水による健康リスク低減のため、引き続き水道水質基準の検討、水質検査体制の精度確保を図る。

※ 政令指定都市分における水道施設整備（耐震化関連事業を除く。）については、平成24年度から地域自主戦略交付金（一括交付金）により対応する。
## (2) 水道施設の防災対策 (復旧・復興)

176億円

東日本大震災を教訓として、東海地震や東南海・南海地震など、大地震の切迫性が高いと想定される地域での水道施設の耐震化を推進する（基幹管路の耐震化率31%：平成22年度）。

## (3) 水道施設の復旧・復興(復旧・復興(復興庁計上))

200億円

東日本大震災の津波等で甚大な被害を受けた地域で、都市計画の見直しを伴うなど、通常の原形復旧では対応できない水道施設の復旧・復興を図る。

## 12 生活衛生関係営業の指導や振興の推進等

26億円(23億円)

## (1) 生活衛生関係営業の指導や振興の推進

24億円(23億円)

中小零細の生活衛生関係営業者の営業の振興と、衛生的で安心できるサービスの提供を推進するため、生活衛生同業組合による食中毒防止対策の推進や全国生活衛生営業指導センターのシンクタンク機能の強化を図る。

(2) 被災した生活衛生関係営業者への支援 (復旧・復興 (復興庁計上)) 1.4億円

東日本大震災により被災した営業者自らが復興の担い手となるよう、被災した営業者の営業再開を支援する。
# 行政事業レビュー公開プロセス(6月13日)

# (事業名)児童福祉問題調査研究事業

コメント結果	事業全体の抜本的改善

3 人	事業全体の抜本的改善
1 人	事業内容の改善
2 人	現状どおり

くとりまとめコメントの概要＞

公募による実施主体の選定等実施方法の検討を念頭に更なる見直しを行い、概算要求へ適切に反映させることが必要

く外部有識者のコメント>

・これまで研究所で取り上げている研究テーマ、また、その成果を政策に的確に反映させている実績は高く評価できる。

・これらのテーマは、児童・家庭福祉といった枠組みの中だけでは対応できず、多角的な視点が求められる。それゆえに「公募」という方式をとることは適切な方向性と考えられる。

・今後の愛育会の役割、果たすべき機能についても、この事業の見直しとともに合わせて検討することが求められるのではないか。

・公募という見直し案には賛成。ただし、特別枠を設けるのではなく、厚労科研費の中で実施するべき。

・他の分野との競争によって枠がとれないというのは、厚労省の政策の優先順位の問題であり、重要であるのならば優先的に公募すれば良い。

・科研費ではなく調査結果の業務委託も検討の余地あり。

・この事業の研究内容が素晴らしいか否かは分からない。しかし、少なくとも現状の事業のたてつけでは、愛育会に補助するための事業にしか見えない。

・説明者の言うとおり、高い成果が上がっている研究なのであれば、厚労科研費の枠組みの中できちんと生き残ると思われる。

・公募は中途半端な改善に過ぎない。

·公募方法の具体策の考察、厚労科研への採択テーマへのチャレンジが重要である。

·本事業を廃止し、政策上ニーズがあれば、公募による委託研究あるいは厚労科研費制度を活用すべき。現状では研究所の運営費補助(100%)となっているが、特定の団体への運営費補助は認められない。
記者発表資料

# 霧島山（新燃岳）の噴火に関する 関係省庁連絡会議の開催について

1．日時：平成23年1月28日（金）16時30分から

2．場所：中央合同庁舎第5号館3階 内閣府防災A会議室

3. 議題：霧島山（新燃岳）の噴火に関する各省庁の対応状況等について

（1）松本防災担当大臣訓示（予定）

（２）霧島山（新燃岳）のこれまでの活動状況と今後の活動の見通しについて

（３）各省庁の対応状況について

（４）その他

4．取材：会議は非公開。ただし、冒頭のカメラ撮りは可。

5．その他：記者ブリーフィングの実施（17：30目途）

（場所：中央合同庁舎第5号館3階 防災特別会議室）

く問い合わせ先>

【記者会見全般】

内閣府 政策統括官（防災担当）付参事官（災害予防担当）付宮川、河元

Tel : 03-3501-6996（直通）

【霧島山（新燃岳）の噴火に関する関係省庁連絡会議】

内閣府 政策統括官（防災担当）付参事官（災害応急対策担当）付岩男、松本Tel:03-3501-5695（直通）
# 交付税及び譲与税配付金特別会計

## I 特別会計の設置等に関する情報

## ○ 交付税及び譲与税配付金特別会計の目的

交付税及び譲与税配付金特別会計は、昭和29年に国税の一定割合を一定の基準に基づき地方公共団体に交付するため地方交付税及び地方譲与税制度が創設されたことに伴い、設置された特別会計です。この会計は、特定の事業の収支を経理するいわゆる事業特別会計とは異なり、地方交付税、地方特例交付金及び地方譲与税の配付に関する経理を明確にするために設けられているいわゆる整理区分特別会計です。

また、交通安全対策特別交付金の交付に関する経理を明確にするため、当分の間、この会計で経理することとし、「交付税及び譲与税配付金勘定」と「交通安全対策特別交付金勘定」の2つの勘定を設けています。

## ○ 交付税及び譲与税配付金特別会計が経理している内容

## （1） 地方交付税

地方交付税法等に基づき、地方団体間の財源の均衡化を図り、地方行政の計画的な運営を保障するため、国税5税の一定割合等を原資として、地方団体へ交付

## （2） 地方特例交付金

① 地方特例交付金

児童手当の拡充に伴う費用（平成19年度にあっては、乳幼児加算分を含む）についての地方団体の負担の増大に対処するため、地方公共団体に交付

② 特別交付金

恒久的減税に伴う地方税の減収の一部を補てんするための減税補てん特例交付金に代わるものとして、地方公共団体に交付

## （3） 地方讓与稅讓与金

地方道路税、石油ガス税、航空機燃料税、自動車重量議与税及び特別とん税

の収入の全部又は一部を地方団体に譲与

## （4） 交通安全对策特别交付金

交通反則金を原資として地方団体へ交付

## ※ 交付税及び譲与税配付金勘定についてはこちらを参照下さい。

http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_04/yosan/tokubetsu.htm （総務省ホームページへ）

「交通安全対策特別交付金」についての問い合わせ先

警察庁交通局交通企画課企画調査係

TEL 03-3581-0141(内線)5063
歲入 (914億円)

歳出 (852億円)

(注) 歳入と歳出の差額 62億円→平成20年度の交通安全対策特別交付金財源となる。

お問い合わせ先
警察庁長官官房会計課予算係
TEL 03-3581-0141(内線)2224
## Ⅱ 予算に関する情報

## ☐ 平成 19年度予算 (交通安全対策特別交付金勘定)

## ・歳入歳出予算の概要

(单位:百万円)

歲 入	歲 出
交通反則者納金	77,596	交通安全対策特別交付金	84,512
前年度剩余金受入	13,780	諸支出金	623
雑収入	61	通告書送付費支出金	588
預託金利子収入	61	賠償償還及払戾金	35
小切手支払未済金収入	1	予備費	100
合 計	91,437	合 計	85,235

注1）各計数は、単位未満を四捨五入等したものであり、合計数が一致しない場合がある。

$ ^{注2} $ 歳入と歳出の差額 6,20百万円については、平成20年度の交通安全対策特別交付金の財源となる。

お問い合わせ先
警察庁長官官房会計課予算係
TEL 03-3581-0141(内線)2224
## Ⅲ 決算に関する情報

☐ 平成 19 年度決算（交通安全対策特別交付金勘定）

・歳入歳出決算の概要

(单位：百万円)

歲入	歲出
交通反則者納金	76,504	交通安全対策特別交付金	82,373
前年度剩余金受入	11,986	諸支出金	557
雑収入	93	通告書送付費支出金	538
預託金利子収入	92	賠償償還及払戾金	18
小切手支払未済金収入	0	予備費	-
合計	88,584	合計	82,930

※ 百万円未満を切り捨てて計算しているため、合計が一致しないことがある。

・歳入歳出の決算上の剰余金の額、当該剰余金が生じた理由及び当該剰余金の処理の方法

（剩余金の額）

（剩余金が生じた理由）

道路交通法附則第18条の規定により、平成19年度に交付する交通安全対策特別交付金は、平成19年3月から平成20年2月までの期間の収納に係る交通反則者納金等を基礎として交付することとされており、平成20年3月に収納された交通反則者納金については、平成20年度9月期の交通安全対策特別交付金として交付すべき額とされているため。

道路交通法（昭和三十五年六月二十五日法律第百五号）

附則

(交付の時期及び交付時期ごとの交付額)

第十八条 交付金は、毎年度、次の表の上欄に掲げる時期に、それぞれ同表の下欄に定める額を交付する。

交付時期	交付時期ごとに交付すべき額
九 月	前年度の三月及び当該年度の四月から八月までの期間の収納に係る反則金収入相当額等からこれらの期間に係る通告書送付費支出金相当額を控除した額に相当する額を基礎として政令で定める額
三 月	当該年度の九月から二月までの期間の収納に係る反則金収入相当額等から当該期間に係る通告書送付費支出金相当額を控除した額に相当する額を基礎として政令で定める額
2 前項に規定する各交付時期ごとに交付することができなかった金額があるとき、又は各交付時期において交付すべき金額を超えて交付した金額があるときは、それぞれ当該金額を、次の交付時期に交付すべき額に加算し、又はこれから減額するものとする。

## (剩余金の処理の方法)

特別会計に関する法律第8条第1項の規定により、全額を翌年度の歳入に繰入れ

お問い合わせ先

警察厅長官官房会計課決算係

TEL 03-3581-0141（内線）2237
# Annual Report on the Environment and the Sound Material-Cycle Society in Japan 2007

## Overview 1:

Accelerating Global Warming and Countermeasure Technologies

## Overview 2:

Technologies to Support a Sound Material-Cycle Society – Development of 3R and Waste Management Technologies—
# The FY2006 Status of the Environment The FY2006 Status of the Establishment of a Sound Material-Cycle Society

Part 1

Overview
# Chapter 1

## Accelerating Global Warming

Global warming has been accelerating. The term “global warming” is now widely recognized, but in reality expectable outcomes and its impacts on our lives are not thoroughly understood by people.

### 1. We are Currently Facing Accelerating Global Warming

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is a framework to estimate the climate change caused by greenhouse gases (GHG), to assess its potential impact on nature, society and the economy and to assess options for mitigation. It is currently finalizing its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4).

According to the report issued by the IPPC’s Working Group I (WG1), which presents the physical basis of Climate Change, the global atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has increased 1.4 times from a pre-industrial value of about 280 ppm to 379 ppm.

ppm in 2005. The report also explains that the updated 100-year linear

trend (1906 to 2005) of global mean surface temperatures is $ 0.74^{\circ}C $ [ $ 0.56^{\circ}C $ to $ 0.92^{\circ}C $ ]. In addition, the linear warming trend over the last 50 years ( $ 0.13^{\circ}C $ [ $ 0.10^{\circ}C $ to $ 0.16^{\circ}C $ ] per decade) is nearly twice that for the last 100 years.

The AR4 WG1 report (the IPPC report issued by its Working Group I for the Fourth Assessment Report) says that eleven of the last twelve years (1995–2006, excluding 1996) rank among the 12 warmest years in the instrumental record of global surface temperature (the average of near-surface air temperature over land and sea surface temperature) since 1850 (Figure 1-3). The IPPC’s Third Assessment Report issued

Figure 1-1: Changing CO₂ concentration from ice core and modern data

Figure 1-2: Changing global average temperature

Figure 1-3: Annual Anomalies of Surface Temperature Anomalies for the past fifty years

Note 1: Red bars indicate the warmest twelve years since 1850.

Note 2: Anomalies are deviations from normal (1971 - 2000 average).

Source: Compiled by the Ministry of the Environment based on the Japan Meteorological Agency data.
It has also been suggested that the lower the stabilization level, the more quickly the peak and decline would need to occur. Mitigation efforts over the next two or three decades will have a major long-term impact on the availability of opportunities to avoid a rise in the global mean temperature and the corresponding climate change. (Table 1-1). In 2050, the global average macro-economic cost for multi-gas mitigation towards stabilization between 710 and 445 ppm $ CO_{2} $ -eq would be between a 1% gain to a 5.5% decrease of global GDP.

The report also suggests that the range of stabilization levels assessed can be achieved by way of a deployment of a portfolio of technologies that are either currently available or expected to reach the commercialization stage in the coming decades, provided that appropriate and effective incentives are provided for development, acquisition, deployment and diffusion of said technologies and for addressing related barriers. While the report admits that a wide variety of national policies and instruments are available to governments to create the incentives for mitigation action and that

Figure 1-10 : Illustrative emissions paths to stabilize GHG concentration at 550ppm (CO₂ equivalent)

Note: “Overshoot” indicates a path in which the atmospheric GHG concentration peaks above the stabilization level and then falls.

Source: Nicholas Stern “The Economics of Climate Change” Cambridge University Press (2006)

there are advantages and disadvantages inherent to any given instrument, the report shows some selected instruments, including regulations and standards, taxes and charges, tradable permits, voluntary agreements, information instruments, and RD&D, etc.

It is also pointed out that policies that provide a price of carbon could create incentives for producers and consumers to significantly invest in low-GHG products. Such policies could include economic instruments, government funding and regulation.

The Stern Review on the economics of climate change, submitted to the U.K. Government and the HM Treasury in October 2006 by Sir Nicholas Stern, a former Chief Economist of the World Bank, says it is still not too late. The Review argues that climate change could seriously deteriorate economic growth and development but that there is still time to avoid the worst climate change impact provided that strong collective action begins now. The Review also suggests that the benefits of strong, early action on climate change outweigh the costs and thus demands immediate international actions to address climate change. According to Stern, delay in taking action on climate change would eventually make it necessary to accept higher mitigation costs, because emissions must be reduced more rapidly to achieve the same stabilization goal, and emission will peak at a higher level (Figure 1-10).

In order for us to avoid the risk of inviting an irreparable outcome, it is essential to start fighting against global warming decisively under the precautionary principle. We need to take the status quo of global warming seriously and promote international cooperation to address the issue effectively and efficiently.
For example, people eat animals and plants to survive, use hides and fibers to make clothes, and use wood, minerals and their processed products to construct buildings.

In addition to those existing, recognized benefits, there may be potential values, from which we may benefit in the future when the development of biotechnologies or commercialization of advanced technologies makes it possible for us to recognize a potential and cultivate it for our well-being.

Biodiversity in this category is quite important in terms of the potentials of resource-utilization. In this light, the loss of certain life, regardless of whether they have already been recognized as resources that have a trade value or are unknown at this moment, would mean lost opportunities for us to utilize existing values or cultivate their potential values as a resource. Some researchers also point out that the wider the variety of flora, the higher “primary production” would be.

## (2) Regulating services

“Regulating services” allow people to obtain natural control of the environment, such as the ability of forests to mitigate climate change, to control flood, to purify water, etc. Such environmental control services, if artificially operated, would amount to enormous costs for us.

For example, forests store a vast amount of carbon. If all of the stored carbon happens to be released into the atmosphere at one time, it would cause strong greenhouse effects, most possibly resulting in the deterioration of the ecosystem balance.

Regulation of human diseases and pest control are also part of those services. There exist vulnerable species or genetically homogeneous creatures that are extremely susceptible to a certain specific disease or pest. They can be easily damaged when such diseases or pests happen to rapidly increase and spread. However, in normal natural ecosystems with rich biodiversity, explosive proliferation of a certain specific organism would not usually occur.

In this category, biodiversity contributes to the enhancement of enhancing the stability and recoverability of the ecosystem, in case of the entry of any invasive factors or any contingencies. Given a sufficiently rich biodiversity, there is a possibility that species with high levels of resistance or adaptability to certain diseases, pests, alien species, climate change, forest fires etc. will remain within the ecosystem, thus maintaining its stability. Also, areas of rich biodiversity often feature fast-growing species, which help the ecosystem recover from disturbances.

Figure 2-1-1: Ecosystem services and their links to the human well-being
Figure 2-1-2: Carbon cycle

Note: Background or pre-anthropogenic pools and fluxes are in black. The human perturbation to the pools and fluxes are in red. Source: “The Global Carbon Cycle” by the Global Carbon Project (2006)

energy released from the Earth into the space as infrared light. Life depends on certain elements of such energy flow, and actually plays an important role in the said material circulation and energy-flow mechanisms.

Recent environmental issues, such as global warming, that are attributable to disturbance of human activities can be defined as the consequences of destroyed equilibrium of those material circulation and energy flow. The following paragraphs will explain the basic mechanisms of the major material circulation (carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle), water cycle and energy flow, that constitute the basis of human life, as well as the significant contribution of biodiversity to those mechanisms.

## (1) Carbon cycle

Ecosystems involving the atmosphere, waters, soils and lives of the Earth contain carbon compounds. Carbon dioxide $ \left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right) $ is continuously exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere through repeated dissolution into the ocean and release into the air, thus maintaining its equilibrium. Also, $ CO_{2} $ is sequestrated in the form of an organic compound through the process of photosynthesis of plants. Those organic compounds are partially consumed by plants as an energy source and will be re-released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, organic compounds stored in plants are partially consumed by animals as food, and will also be released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide through the respiration of animals. Carcasses and excreta of animals and plants are decomposed by microorganisms in the soil and will also be returned into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Such carbon transformation via living organisms exists inside the ocean too. Dissolved $ CO_{2} $ in the sea-surface layer is sequestrated in the form of organic compounds by photoplanktons. Some of them will sink into the deep ocean in the form of zooplanktons or carcasses/excreta of the large animals who consumed them (Figure 2-1-2).

Besides the aforementioned short-term carbon cycle, such as exchanges of carbon between the atmosphere and the ocean or transformation via living organisms, a long-term cycle also exists. Most of the carbon in the Earth is sequestrated in the form of calcium carbonate, through the process of sedimentation of carcasses and excreta of animals and plants, (including limestone of coral reef or limestone caves) or in the form of coal, petroleum, etc. that have been formed through underground transformation over the geological time of organic substances of ancient life.
gas), and it cycles in ecosystems. First, water in the form of vapor is released from the surface of the ocean or ground through the process of evaporation or transpiration. Vapor migrates in the atmosphere while it takes the form of cloud, fog or mist, and falls back down in the form of rain or snow. Those waters flow on the earth's surface or penetrate the ground, while heading for the ocean for the most part. In this sea-bound process, water plays diverse roles: it is consumed by life as nutrition, it mitigates climate change, it forms habitats for animals and plants, it supports biodiversity, etc.

Also, water moves long distances as rivers or sea currents, making it possible to transport various substances and energies. In addition, through the process of erosion, water functions as a determinant of geographical features of land.

Figure 2-1-5: Distribution of the Earth’s waters

## (4) Energy flow

The Earth receives solar energy from solar light coming into the

atmosphere. Solar energy flows throughout ecosystems, where it is partially taken into life and supports respective lives.

As the primary producer, plants fix solar energy in the form of an organic substance through photosynthesis. More than half of that fixed energy will be consumed by plants themselves for their respiration, and will be partially stored internally in the form of starch, etc. Then, it will enter animals when they eat plants (“grazing food chain”), or in some cases will enter a “detritus food chain” where carcasses or excreta of animals or plants are consumed by decomposing organisms such as bacteria. In either case, it eventually enters the ecosystems.

In the grazing food chain, 10% to 20% of plant-fixed energy is estimated to enter animals that eat plants. Then, about 10% to 20% of the energy consumed by those animals is estimated to enter meat-eating animals, and 10% to 20% of the energy consumed

Figure 2-1-6: Energy flow in terrestrial ecosystems

Source: Ministry of the Environment
Figure 2-3-1: Estimated decline of broiler-meat production and projections as of today, 2020s, 2040s and 2060s

Source: "Impact of Global Warming on Broiler-Meat Production Estimated from Changes of the Mean Ambient Temperature" by Makoto Yamazaki et al, Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho, 77 (2).

western part of Japan including Kyushu, Shikoku, Chugoku and Kinki regions (Figure 2-3-1). There is also a report showing the trend of degrading quality of farming conditions for milk cows, beef cows and pigs.

Although some impacts of global warming tend to emerge slowly, an incremental, extreme climate change, including drought and heat wave, could invite a serious sudden decline in the production of crops or stock-farm products. Such change and damage, large or small, could happen anywhere in the world. Since such damage is directly related to food supply for human beings, which is the key need for people's survival, appropriate measures should be introduced to avoid a global food crisis. Since Japan depends on imports for food (Japan's food self-sufficiency rate as of FY2005 was 40% in terms of calories), the impact of a global downward trend of food production on Japan is immense, in terms of not only food supply but also national security.

### 2. Impact on the Fishing Industry

Global warming is expected to invite changes in ocean currents and rising sea surface temperatures. Such changes in oceanographic conditions could have a serious influence on oceanic biodiversity, and also affect people who live close to the ocean and would otherwise enjoy rich marine-biological benefits. Japan is especially susceptible to those changes since the country is surrounded by the ocean and depends heavily on marine products for food. Therefore, appropriate measures are needed to avoid any devastating damage.

According to the results of a survey conducted by the Fisheries Research Agency, fisheries of migratory fish, such as saury, sardine, pacific mackerel and horse mackerel, are expected to shift northward in the future. For example, saury migrates seasonally, and in September they usually gather off the coast of the Nemuro Peninsula, east Hokkaido. However, the recent trend of rising seawater temperatures is expected to cause a northward shifting of the fishery, which could result in a change in distribution and fishing season in the long run. Flounder is also affected by rising seawater temperatures, and it has been reported that the southern limit of the habitat of this coastal fish could possibly make a northward shift in the future. Similarly, an optimal nursery for