the utilization of genetic resources is designated as the third objective of the Convention. ABS is designed to develop a mechanism under which users of genetic resources have smooth access to genetic resources of provider countries and at the same time users distribute the benefits gained from genetic resources to provider countries in a fair and equitable manner that the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and its sustainable use.

It is important that an international regime for ABS will become a mechanism that ensures smooth access to genetic resources, contributes to human well-being through pharmaceutical products, etc. developed from genetic resources, and also contributes to global promotion of biodiversity conservation through the appropriate distribution of the benefits gained (Figure 3-4-5). Considerations by countries concerned are currently under way under the Convention on Biological Diversity, and Japan, as the host of COP10, is being called upon to take the initiative for progress in negotiations.

Other chief agenda include sustainable use of biodiversity; protected areas; businesses and biodiversity; public relations, diffusion and edification; and the International Year of Biodiversity (IYB), etc. COP10 will prove an important forum to set the course for an international framework and efforts corresponding to the three major objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

## 3 Japan's responsibility as the COP10 host

## (1) International contributions based on Japan’s experiences

COP10 is a very important conference to discuss the direction of global biodiversity going forward. Japan, as its host, needs not only to make COP10 a successful event but also to produce fruitful results from the conference by, among others, making proposals based on its own experiences. In relation to the post-2010 targets, the agenda of paramount importance at COP10, it has

Figure3-4-6 Japanese Proposal Concerning Post-2010 Targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity
Mid/long-term target (2050)
Enhancing the harmony between human being and nature all around the world, to improve the state of diversity from the current level as well as to sustainably increase the benefits of ecosystem services human being receives.
Short-term targets (2020)
To have the following actions taken by 2020, so as to halt biodiversity loss:
①To conduct full observations and analyses on the state of biodiversity as global scale and on scientific justification. To make ecosystem services respected in every aspect of human society. ②To expand activities for biodiversity conservation, to promote practical methods for sustainable use of biodiversity extending to future generations and to establish mechanisms for reducing adverse effects of human activities on biodiversity. ③To mainstream biodiversity by ensuring the participation of various stakeholders and new steps to be taken by various stakeholders.
Sub-targets
(1) Sub-targets to address indirect and broad-based drivers for biodiversity loss
Sub-target 1: To invite the wider participation of various stakeholders in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity
Sub-target 2: To establish mechanism to ensure harmonized approaches between ecosystem conservation and other human activities such as development and poverty alleviation
(2) Sub-targets to address direct and specific drivers for biodiversity loss
Sub-target 3: To increase the ratio of production that is managed in sustainable manner in agriculture, forestry, fisheries and other activities which utilize biological resources
Sub-target 4: To take urgent measures against threats to biodiversity
(3) Sub-targets to improve status of biodiversity itself
Sub-target 5: To promote the activities to conserve biological species and expand the areas to conserve ecosystems
(4) Sub-targets to ensure the benefits of biodiversity for human being
Sub-target 6: To establish the mechanism to sustainably benefit from the ecosystem services and to ensure its contribution to human well-being
(5) Sub-targets to address the effective achievement of above mentioned sub-targets
Sub-target 7: To prepare systems to encourage more facilitated ABS (Access and Benefit Sharing) and protection of traditional knowledge
Sub-target 8: To conduct full observations and analyses on the state of biodiversity and ecosystems at global scale and scientific justification so that they are well perceived and understood by general public
Sub-target 9: To provide financial and human resources as well as increase scientific and technical capacity in order to achieve the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity
Source: Ministry of the Environment

Source: Ministry of the Environment