the development of base treatment facilities by the Japan Environmental Safety Corporation (JESCO). With these measures, the treatment of PCB waste is supposed to be completed by 2016. In April 2003, the “Basic Plan for PCB Waste Treatment” specified in the PCB Special Measures Law was formulated in order to comprehensively and systematically promote the certain and proper treatment of PCB waste. Because new projects were developed, the basic plan was revised in October 2007.

## (13) Law on Special Measures concerning Removal of Environmental Problems Caused by Specified Industrial Wastes (Law on Special Measures against Specified Industrial Wastes)

In Japan, industrial wastes generated because of improper treatment, such as illegal dumping, have caused problems with the conservation of the living environment. In addition, the industrial wastes left as they are for a long time, have created public distrust in industrial waste treatment, which prevents a sound material-cycle society from being established. In view of such circumstances, it is essential to solve problems originating from industrial wastes and systematically and steadily prevent them from being generated. To tackle these issues, the “Law on Special Measures concerning Removal of Environmental Problems Caused by Specified Industrial Wastes” (Act No. 98 of June 2003: hereafter referred to as “Law on Measures against Specified Industrial Wastes”) was enacted in June 2003, and enforced as a temporary law until 2012 before the enforcement of the revised Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law (in June 17, 1998). The reason why this special measures law was enforced was for the national government to provide financial assistance to the 47 prefectures, etc. if they by themselves remove problems concerning the conservation of the living environment originating from improperly treated industrial wastes (specified industrial wastes) against the treatment standards specified in the revised Waste Management and Public Cleaning Law or they prevent such problems from occurring (removal, etc. of problems).

The Law on Measures against Specified Industrial Wastes provides the following: (1) the Minister of the Environment should lay down “Basic Guidelines for Promoting the Removal, etc. of Problems Originating from Specified Industrial Wastes Systematically and Steadily by 2012” (Basic Guidelines), (2) 47 prefectures, etc. can formulate a plan for implementing the removal, etc. of problems originating from specified industrial wastes existing in their jurisdictions (Implementation Plan), (3) when the Industrial Waste Proper Treatment Center contributes funds for the 47 prefectures, etc. that implement the removal, etc. of problems originating from specified industrial wastes, the national government can provide financial assistance to the funds needed for the removal, etc. from within its budget, and (4) the costs incurred by the 47 prefectures, etc. to implement the removal, etc. of problems originating from specified industrial wastes are supplemented with their local bonds.

For the 12 projects for the removal, etc. of specified industrial wastes in Teshima Island in Kagawa Prefecture, the border between Aomori Prefecture and Iwate Prefecture, Sutamacho in Yamanashi Prefecture (present Hokuto City), Noshiro City in Akita Prefecture, Kuwana City in Mie Prefecture, Sanwamura in Niigata Prefecture (present Jouetsu City), Tsuruga city in Fukui Prefecture, Murata Town in Miyagi Prefecture, Yokohama City in Kanagawa Prefecture, Gifu City in Gifu Prefecture, Niigata City in Niigata Prefecture (former Maki Town), and Miyawaka City in Fukuoka Prefecture, some of the 47 prefectures, etc. formulated implementation plans, and the Minister of the Environment approved them. Among these prefectures, etc., Tsuruga City in Fukui Prefecture has the largest illegal dumping amount of about 1.1 million m $ ^{3} $ , and the national government provides financial assistance, etc. to these prefectures, etc. that carry out projects of removing, etc. of the problems through the Industrial Waste Proper Treatment Center.

### Section 4. Infrastructure Development for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society

## (1) Financial measures

In the Basic Law for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society, the Government calls for the adoption of financial measures necessary for implementing the tasks to establish a Sound Material-Cycle Society. Of the national budget for the Cabinet Office and each ministry, expenditure for promoting the establishment of a Sound Material-Cycle Society is approx. 812,032,850,000 yen, as planned in the FY 2008 original budget (of which, approx. 477,786,000,000 yen are to be used as subsidies for sewage work expenses).

## (2) Promotion of the Sound Material-Cycle Society business

### A. Market size of the Sound Material-Cycle Society business

The size of the market and workforce in the field of waste and recycling (Sound Material-Cycle Society business) was estimated to be approx. 30 trillion yen and 630,000 personnel in 2006, according to research conducted by the Ministry of the Environment among environmental businesses; growth is expected accompanying the formation of a Sound Material-Cycle Society. The rough breakdown of market size and workforce for 2006 is, approx. 26 trillion yen and 490,000 personnel in the field of “repair” industries, such as business concerning recycled-materials including plastic/iron/waste paper, machine/furniture repair and housing improvement/repair, followed by approx. 3 trillion yen and 140,000 personnel for the provision of services such as waste disposal, resource recovery and recycling. In the Second Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society, the target market size of the circulation business sector was set at about double its size in 2000 (Table 4-1).

### B. Efforts toward the promotion of Sound-Material-Cycle Society business

Along with encouraging business operators to achieve the target utilization rate of recycled resources, and to improve