Table 2-3 Number of waste power generation facilities and generating capacity (fiscal year 2006)

Number of power generation facilities	293 (286)
Power generating capacity (thousand kW)	1,590 (1,512)
Power generation efficiency (%)	10.93 (10.70)
Total power generation (GWh)	7,190 (7,090)
Data in the brackets are for fiscal year 2005.
Note 1: The facilities shown above are established by municipalities or affairs associations, and include facilities for which construction work had already started and facilities out of service, but exclude closed facilities.
Note 2: Power generation efficiency was calculated using the following formula. Power generation efficiency [%] = 860 [kcal/kWh] × Total power generation [kWh/year] 1,000 [kg/t] × Volume of waste incinerated [t/year] × Volume of waste heat generation [kcal/kg]
Note 3: Figures in the brackets are figures for the previous fiscal year. Source: Ministry of the Environment

Power generation efficiency with waste power generation is about 11%, but it varies from a few percent to about 20%, depending on the incinerator. Recently, more efficient power generating facilities have been introduced. However, under the present circumstances, about three quarters of the heat amount generated by incineration is lost even with power generation and other uses of residual heat combined. On the other hand, attempts to effectively use low-temperature hot water after electrical power generation with a heat-storing heat pump for regional air-conditioning systems are found. In order to increase such facilities it is effective to develop units which combine both heat supply and heat use.

### C. RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel)

RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) has the following characteristics: it putrefies less than normal wastes, it can be stored for a relatively long period of time, it can be delivered easily because its volume and weight can be reduced, and stable incineration is possible because its form and calorific value are almost constant.

In a sound material-cycle society it is required to use RDF, based on the priority order of waste treatment and regional characteristics.

## (3) Present State of Illegal Dumping, etc

### A. Cases of Illegal Dumping of Industrial Waste Found in Fiscal 2007

## (a) Number of Illegally Dumping Activities and Amount of Illegally Dumped Wastes

The number of cases of illegally dumping industrial wastes reported in fiscal 2007 is 382 (554 in the previous year) and the amount of illegally dumped wastes is 102 thousand tons (131 thousand tons in the previous year). The number and the amount decreased from the previous year (Figure 2-46).

In addition, the number of newly confirmed illegally dumping activities in fiscal 2007 where 5,000 or more-ton wastes were dumped is two. The numbers (1), (2), (3), and (4) in parentheses below respectively show the amount of dumped wastes, types of dumped industrial wastes, place where wastes were dumped, and the perpetrator.

- Narita City, Chiba Prefecture ((1) 10,834 tons, (2) debris, (3) land for agricultural use (4) unknown)

- Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture ((1) 27,692 tons, (2) debris, (3) wasteland (4) Business operator with permission)

## (b) Types of Illegally Dumped Industrial Waste

According to the types of illegally dumped industrial waste reported in fiscal 2007, construction waste, such as debris and waste wood, accounts for 75.9% of all illegally dumped activities (290 cases) and 79.0% of all dumped wastes (80 thousand tons), and the ratio of construction-related waste to all wastes continues to be high (Figure 2-47).

## (c) Business Operators That Dumped Waste Illegally

Among business operators that carried out illegally dumping activities newly reported in fiscal 2007, waste-discharging enterprises account for about 50.5% (193 cases) of all the cases, which is the highest number. About 26.2% (100 cases) were dumped by unknown business operators, about 14.9% (57 cases) by unlicensed ones, and about 5.5% (21 activities) by licensed ones. Concerning the amount of illegally dumped wastes, licensed business operators account for 30.6% (31,114 tons), which is the highest number. The following figures are 23.7% (20,186 tons) by wasted-discharging enterprises, 22.4% (22,804 tons) by unlicensed operators, 19.8% (20,186 tons) by unknown ones, and 3.4% (3,502 tons) by multiple-business operators (Figure 2-48).

## (d) State of Hindering Waste Removal

Among illegally dumping cases newly reported in 2007 (382 cases, 101,718 tons), 73.6% (281 cases) of them and 63.1% (64,183 tons) of the dumped wastes were dealt with in order to remove problems caused by them for the conservation of the environment (Figure 2-49).

Note: The Ministry of the Environment conducts research concerning (3) every year in cooperation with the 47 prefectures and ordinance-designated cities of Japan (hereafter referred to as “47 prefectures, etc.”). Among the illegally dumping cases newly reported by the 47 prefectures,