in Asia and Pacific Islands (SWAPI)” carried out mainly by the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management, expecting it to develop as a network of researchers and experts on waste/3Rs in Asia. In addition, studies have been implemented in order to promote the policy research regarding resource recycling in East Asia in cooperation with the relevant bodies of each country, such as research institutes and universities.

## (d) Technology cooperation regarding the 3Rs/waste

management and supports for infrastructure development

As ODA assistance to developing countries, JICA has been implementing technology cooperation focusing on improving the coping ability of the central governments, local governments and private sectors, and on reinforcing partnerships. At the central government level, supports have been provided for purposes such as to develop the legal systems in order to promote waste management and the 3Rs at the national level, and to support the formulation and implementation of basic policies and plans in order to enforce the regulations. Also, at the local government level, activities such as the creation of systems for promoting reduction of the generation of waste and for carrying out sorted collection in cooperation with residents, and awareness raising of residents have been implemented. In addition, promotion of the recycling industry such as green purchasing and eco-label schemes, and consideration/planning of measures for promoting corporate efforts have been supported, in order to promote reduction of the generation of waste and recycling of resources in the private sector. Also, there are various training programs regarding waste management and the 3Rs taking place in Japan, inviting technical staffs and government officials from the developing countries. In FY 2008, a new technology cooperation project for developing a recycling-oriented economic system has been launched in China, and in Hanoi, Vietnam, projects for the sorted collection and composting of urban wastes are continuously implemented. In addition to these, support has been provided for waste management equipment and for developing waste treatment facilities, through grant assistance and loan assistance.

### C. Environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes

In order to implement proper regulation on the transbound-ary movements of hazardous wastes, the Ministry of the Environ-ment has been heading up the “Asian Network for Preven-tion of Illegal Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes”, and information has been actively exchanged among the participating countries, regarding matters such as the rela-tive regulations and improper cases of each country. In addi-tion, financial/technical support has been provided for projects promoted by each country under the Basel Convention, in or-der to implement environmentally sound management of the e-wastes generated in the Asia-Pacific region.

### D. Other efforts

Projects concerning material flow and resource productivity implemented by OECD are regarded as significant, and discussions are held in a proactive manner. Support is also provided for the “International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management” established by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 2007 aiming at the implementation of scientific assessment on the influence of natural resource utilization on the environment, from the viewpoint of promoting the 3Rs Initiative.

The latest data since 1998 on the amount of wastes generated by each country collected by OECD are shown in Table 5-1. (Data on the amount of wastes generated by each of the OECD member countries)