Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
## 軍事的用途および国際紛争助長の回避

日本の ODA が開発途上国の軍事的用途や国際紛争助長に使用されることは、厳に回避されなければなりません。したがって、日本は、ODA により開発途上国の軍や軍人を直接の対象とする支援は行っていません。

一方、日本はテロとの闘いや平和構築に積極的に貢献しています。また、日本の援助物資や資金が軍事目的に使われることを回避するため、たとえテロ対策などのために ODA を活用する場合であっても、援助実施の原則を踏まえることとしています。

## 民主化の促進、基本的人権、自由の保障のための対応

開発途上国において政治的な動乱後に成立した政権は、民主的な正統性に疑いがある場合があり、人権侵害に歯止めをかけるはずの憲法の停止や民主的手続によらない政府による住民への基本的人権の侵害についても懸念されます。このような場合、日本は、ODAによる支援について慎重な対応をとることによりODAが適正に使われることを確保すると同時に、開発途上国の民主化状況や人権状況などに日本として強い関心を有しているとのメッセージを相手国に伝えています。

ミャンマー：2003年5月30日にスー・チー女史が軍事政権であるミャンマー政府に拘束されて以降、緊急性が高く人道的な案件、民主化などのための人材育成に関する案件、カンボジア、ラオス、ミャンマー、ベトナム(CLMV)諸国もしくはASEAN全体を対象とした案件については、政治情勢を見守りつつ、案件の内容を個別に吟味した上で実施しています。今後、日本は、国民和解・民主化プロセスの速やかな進展などをミャンマー政府に求めつつ、ミャンマーに対する経済協力を検討していく考えです。

フィジー：2006年12月の国軍による無血クーデターの後、バイニマラマ国軍司令官が政権を掌握しています。バイニマラマ首相は2009年7月に、2014年9月の総選挙実施に向けたロードマップを発表しましたが、より早い時期における総選挙実施を求める声が国際社会から上がっています。日本は、今後の民主的な総選挙までの状況を注視しつつ、フィジーにおける速やかな民主的政治体制の回復をフィジー現政権に対して働きかけています。また、ODAに関しては、民主化プロセスの進ちょくを見極めつつ、当面、個別の案件ごとに実施の可否を慎重に検討する方針です。

マダガスカル：2009年3月に、軍の支援を受けたラジョリナ・アンタナナリボ市長を中心とする「暫定政府」が発足しました。日本は、このような憲法秩序にのっとらない形の政権交代について懸念を表明し、民主的手続に基づき早期に憲法秩序が回復されるよう働きかけています。ODAに関しては、当面新規の二国間援助は原則として行わないこととする一方、緊急的・人道的性格を有する新規案件および民主化プロセス支援のための新規案件を実施する必要が生じた場合には、案件内容および実施形態を個別に検討し、実施の適否を判断していく方針です。
（參考資料）2. 国有財產地方審議会

審議会名	開催年月日	付議事項	審議結果
相手方及びその用途	対象財産
口座名等	所在地	区分	数量
関東地方審議会	21.6.22(230回)	地方公共団体への売払い(都市公園敷地及び道路用地)	旧合同宿舍下落合住宅(特々会計)	新宿区下落合2丁目294番1のうち外	土地	11,469㎡	可決
地方公共団体への売払い(公民館及び保育所敷地)	物納未利用地(一般会計)	那須塩原市若草町117番1	土地	23,330㎡	可決
有償貸付中の土地の一般競争入札での信託	(一般会計)	千代田区神田小川町2丁目3番1 外241件	土地	135,347㎡	可決
21.12.2(231回)	国立大学法人への売払い(大学施設敷地)	旧陸軍柏飛行場(一般会計)	柏市柏の葉5丁目1番1外	土地	128,548㎡	可決
地方公共団体への売払い(都市公園敷地)	物納未利用地(一般会計)	長野県諏訪郡富士見町富士見字南原山4654番22 外4筆	土地	50,895㎡	可決
地方公共団体への売払い(小学校敷地)	旧新潟大学農学部村松農場旧苗畑(特々会計)	五泉市石曽根字神明前8074番3	土地	10,519㎡	可決
近畿地方審議会	21.10.29(115回)	地方公共団体及び土地開発公社への売払い(①市民病院敷地,②都市計画道路敷地,③都市計画道路敷地,④都市計画事業代替地)	旧近畿財務局枚方合同宿舍(特々会計)	枚方市禁野本町2丁目1844番2	①土地①立木竹①建物①工作物②土地③土地④土地	9,585.65㎡25本972.32㎡/4,737.12㎡一式308.19㎡6.49㎡51.35㎡	可決
## 審議経過一覧表（平成21年度）

審議会名	開催年月日	付議事項	審議結果
相手方及びその用途	対象財産
口座名等	所在地	区分	数量
近畿地方審議会	22.2.22(116回)	地方公共団体への売払い(都市公園敷地)	大阪国際空港豊中市場外用地(社会資本整備事業特別会計空港整備勘定)	豊中市野田町1505番	土地	9,492.42㎡	可決
社会福祉法人への売払い(社会福祉事業施設敷地)	大阪国際空港川西市場外用地(社会資本整備事業特別会計空港整備勘定)	川西市久代6丁目37番1	土地	6,466.70㎡	可決
学校法人への売払い(大学施設敷地)	旧大阪国税局枚方宿舍(特々会計)	枚方市上野3丁目600番4	土地立木竹建物工作物	4,912.32㎡13本429.54㎡/1,628.34㎡一式	可決
九州地方審議会	21.5.15(59回)	地方公共団体が作成した土地利用の方針に沿った一般競争入札による売払い	旧北九州空港(社会資本整備事業特別会計空港整備勘定)	北九州市小倉南区大字曾根字高町2633番7外12筆	土地工作物	127,102.86㎡一式	可決
21.11.17(60回)	地方公共団体及び軽自動車検査協会への売払い(①区役所用地,②事業所用地)	旧税務大学校熊本研修所(特々会計)	熊本市東本町13番6のうち	①土地②土地	8,398.20㎡9,819.29㎡	可決
沖縄地方審議会	21.11.30(28回)	地方公共団体への無償貸付及び売払い(公園事業用地)	—(一般会計)	豊見城市字瀬長瀬長原174番2及び174番3	土地	13,924.40㎡	可決

（注）上記のほかに、次の地方審議会が開催され、事務局報告等を行った。

北海道地方審議会 平成22年2月15日 第86回

北陸地方審議会 平成21年12月9日 第68回

中国地方審議会 平成21年5月28日 第110回

なお、東北・東海・四国地方審議会については、21年度は開催実績なし。
Fisheries of Japan – 2007 / 2008

Fisheries Policy for FY2008

(White Paper on Fisheries)

Essential Part (Draft)

April 2008

Fisheries Agency
This document reports the state of fisheries and the policy taken during FY2007 based on the provision of Article 10 (1) of the Basic Law on the Fisheries Policy (Law No. 89 of 2001) and the policy to be taken in FY2008 based on the provision of Article 10 (2) of the same law.
# Table of Contents

## FY2007 Review of Fisheries

## Topics --Fisheries in FY2007--

1. Impact of the Steep Rise in Crude Oil Prices ___ 1
2. Toward the sustainable use of whales ___ 2
3. The 14th Conference of the Parties to CITES (CoP14) ___ 3
4. Toward the more effective use of bluefin tuna resources in Japan’s surrounding waters ___ 3
5. Expectations for the tuna culture industry ___ 3
6. Widening the possibilities for new businesses through linkage with different industries ___ 4
7. Enactment of the Basic Act on Ocean Policy ___ 4

## Chapter I Highlights -- Let's transmit our fish-eating culture,

## and take another look at the rich waters --

Section 1. Let's transmit our fish-eating culture
(1) Rich fish-eating culture Japan has cultivated ___ 5
(2) Change in fish-eating patterns ___ 5
(3) Fish-eating culture to be preserved through the consumption of domestic fish___ 6
(4) Transmitting fish-eating culture --Signs of new movement-- ___ 7

Section 2. Let's take another look at rich waters
(1) Decline in Japan's production capacity ___ 9
(2) Cannot depend too much on imports ___ 9
(3) Let's make effective use of our blessed environment ___ 10

Section 3. Toward the revitalization of Japan's rich waters
(1) Widespread fishermen's leadership --Preserve our sea by ourselves! -- ___ 11
(2) What each person can do --Awareness reform and behavior expected of people-- ___ 12
(3) Restoration of the sea accelerated by cooperation and collaboration ___ 13

## Chapter II Review of Japanese Fisheries since FY2006

Section 1. Supply and demand of fishery products in Japan ___ 14

Section 2. International developments surrounding Japan's fisheries ___ 20

Section 3. Fishery business management ___ 22

Fisheries Policy for FY2008 (Executive summary) ___ 26
## Topics -- Fisheries in FY2007 --

### 1. Impact of the Steep Rise in Crude Oil Prices

Crude oil prices soared worldwide. As of April 23, 2008, Dubai crude oil price hit an all-time high of $101.94 a barrel. The price level is over three times higher than that in 2004 when the price was hovering around $30 a barrel.

☐ The rise in crude oil prices badly affected the fisheries section, too. The percentage of oil cost in fishing expenditure has increased.

By taking advantage of relevant funds established in FY2007, the government promoted structural reforms of fishery business management and assisted fishermen's energy-saving efforts as a national policy. The government supported expenses related to the efforts to promote the conversion to energy-saving fisheries, such as the spreading of fishing vessels using LED fishing lamps, the efforts to improve production capacity, such as the development of underwater plant beds during the fishing suspension period by suspending fishing operations by turns, etc.

## Dubai Crude Oil Price (Monthly Average)

Source: Survey by the Nihon Keizai Shimbun

Percentage of Oil Cost in Fishing Expenditure by Type of Fishery

Source: “Fishery Business Management Survey Report,” Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

A squid-angling vessel using blue LED fishing lights

##

Fuel oil supply system

Light oil supply systems in Hokkaido were reviewed, and new tanks were built for fisheries cooperatives in 9 districts there. A system supplying oil from facilities annexed to the tanks was established.

Cost reduction has been achieved as a result of improved efficiency in fuel oil distribution.
At the 59th Annual Meeting of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in May 2007, Japan called for normalization of the IWC, but the situations did not progress because anti-whaling countries held out for the protection of whales.

☐ In response to such dangerous and undue sabotage activities as an anti-whaling group colliding its boat with a Japanese whaling research vessel in February 2007, Japan, together with New Zealand, proposed a draft resolution, including, among others, a recommendation to urge member states to take responsible measures to counter dangerous sabotage activities by anti-whaling groups. The resolution was adopted.

☐ In view of the results of the Annual Meeting, Japan will consider the review of our response to the IWC unless the normalization of the IWC is expected, in addition to our efforts to continue (a) researches into the status of whale resources, (b) explanation on our position to related countries to expand international support for sustainable use of whales, and (c) request for cooperation of related countries to recover the functions of the IWC, all of which our country has made to remove the moratorium on commercial whaling.

(Interim meeting on the future of the International Whaling Commission)

At the interim meeting in March 2008, a proposal was submitted for improvement measures, such as holding more dialogs and negotiations than ever, instead of hastily putting matters to a vote, in order to reach an agreement in making decisions at the IWC. Also, a statement was adopted by the IWC to strongly condemn the anti-whaling group Sea Shepherd's sabotage actions against whaling research operations.

On January 15, 2008, the Yushin Maru No.2, undertaking whaling research operations in the Antarctic Ocean, was sabotaged again by the anti-whaling group Sea Shepherd (hereinafter called “SS”), which had conducted sabotage activities such as colliding its boat with the whaling research vessel in the previous year, too. This time, SS conducted such dangerous activities as throwing in bottles supposedly containing butyric acid and floating ropes intended to get entangled in the vessel’s propeller. In addition, two SS activists invaded the research vessel.

Thereafter, too, bottles containing butyric acid, etc. were thrown into the Yushin Maru No.3 on January 18, and into the research mother vessel, the Nisshin Maru on March 3 and 7.

Such sabotage activities against lawful research operations of our country are dangerous and absolutely forbidden actions. At the IWC, too, such actions are strongly condemned, and at the last two consecutive annual meetings, a resolution was unanimously adopted to prevent dangerous sabotage activities, and related countries are requested to cooperate to restrain such actions.

Japan is requesting related countries, including flag states, to take responsible measures to prevent such sabotage activities and is making domestic efforts to ensure a system enabling safe research operations through cooperation among related ministries.

The moment of throwing a bottle of butyric acid at the Yushin Maru No.2

SS members throwing bottles of butyric acid, etc. into the Nisshin Maru
### 3. The 14th Conference of the Parties to CITES (CoP14)

--Toward enhancing the management of fishery resources through proper fisheries management and international trade regulations--

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is an international treaty in which both exporting and importing countries regulate the international trade of, and restrict the picking and catching of, wild plants and animals to protect endangered species of wild fauna and flora.

At the 14th Conference of the Parties to CITES (CoP14) in June 2007, a proposal was adopted, for the purpose of restoring European eel resources, to list this fish species on the CITES Appendix II which requires, in international trade, an export permit issued by an exporting country in advance. The listing will be put into effect in March 2009.

4. Toward the more effective use of bluefin tuna resources in Japan’s surrounding waters --The study meeting on the use of bluefin tuna resources in Japan’s surrounding waters--

☐ The bluefin tuna resources in Japan’s surrounding waters, where catches by the Japanese fishing fleet account for about 70% of the total catches, hold an important position in the Japanese fisheries industry, eating habits and resource evaluation.

The study meeting deliberated on the way of grasping the actual state of the bluefin tuna fishery in the waters surrounding Japan and improving accuracy in resource evaluation based on the information thus obtained, and the ways to use the resources in the future. An “interim report” summarizing the issues to be tackled in the future will be issued in December 2007. A wide exchange of opinions and information will be continued.

### 5. Expectation for the tuna culture industry

In the light of the tightened control on catches for the management of tuna resources and the growing tuna demand overseas, Japan needs a secure supply of tuna in the future.

☐ In Japan the production of bluefin tuna by culture is increasing. There is a rising expectation for steady supply of cultured tuna with technology innovations such as success in the complete culture of bluefin tuna. Revitalization of regional economy through entry of companies is also expected.

Efforts are being made to promote the development of seeding production and culture technology, preservation of fishing ground environment, development of compound feed, etc.

Complete culture of bluefin tuna, study of which is expected to progress
6. Widening the possibilities for new businesses through linkage with different industries --Support for new businesses revitalizing fisheries and fishing villages--

Amid a decline in the number of fishery workers and their aging, the number of new workers entering fisheries stands at 1,200 -1,500. Considering that business operators in other industries are highly interested in entering fisheries, it is important to recruit young and highly motivated workers and to construct the fishing/fisheries industry from a new perspective.

☐ “Business Matching Fair 2007” was organized as a forum of meetings between operators from other industries wishing to enter the fishing sector with new ideas and fisheries cooperatives/companies. Also, support is given to the commercialization of new businesses.

Other industry operators' interest in business linkage with fisheries cooperatives/operators

##

Fishery operators have introduced sterilization technologies from dairy manufacturers in processing fishery products, making it possible to realize higher product safety, product differentiation, higher value added products, extension of best-before dates, improvement in product scrapping rate, etc.

Steady delivery of fish catches and steady income flow are secured for fishery operators. New employment is created.

### 7. Enactment of the Basic Act on Ocean Policy

☐ The Basic Act on Ocean Policy was enacted in April 2007 and made effective July 20, 2007. It is aimed at promoting the policies and measures on ocean matters comprehensively and systematically, to ensure sound development of the Japanese economy and society as well as continuous stability and improvement in the life of the people, and to contribute to the coexistence of ocean and mankind.

☐ The Act has declared six basic concepts: harmony between ocean development/exploitation and ocean environment preservation, securing ocean safety, improvement of scientific knowledge of the ocean, sound development of ocean industries, overall management of the ocean, and international cooperation on the oceans.

In March 2008, the Basic Plan on Ocean Policy was finalized to form a mid-term guideline for taking measures in the future.

Promotion of development and exploitation of marine resources

Conservation, etc. of marine environments

Promotion of development, etc. of Japan's Exclusive Economic Zone, etc.

Securing marine transportation

Securing the safety and security of the seas and oceans

Promotion of marine surveys

Promotion, etc. of research & development on marine science and technologies

Promotion of marine industries and enhancement of international competitiveness

Overall management of coastal waters

Preservation, etc. of remote islands

Securing international linkage and promotion of international cooperation

Increasing people’s understanding of seas & oceans and development of human resources
## Chapter I Highlight: Let's transmit our fish-eating culture, take another look at the rich waters Section 1 Let's transmit our fish-eating culture (1) Rich fish-eating culture Japan has cultivated

In Japan, a rich fish-eating culture has developed, using various fishery products caught in the waters surrounding Japan. Fishery products, such as sea bream served in the event of celebration, are closely linked with Japanese life. The wisdom of using the whole of the blessings of the sea in various ways (dried fish, fish-paste products, dried bonito, etc.), and techniques to support fish-eating culture (fish knives, connoisseurs, way of using chopsticks, etc.) have also developed.

☐ "Fish-eating culture" is a concept generically naming the wisdom, knowledge, techniques, etc. which have been handed down and accumulated from generation to generation in our eating life, centering on fish, including the techniques of catching, handling and judging fish, way of processing and preserving fish, cooking tools and methods, etc.

Sushi shaped by hand and tempura invented in the Edo period

"Eastern Metropolis Noted Place: Nihombashi Fish Market"

Source: Edo-Tokyo Museum, Tokyo

## (2) Change in fish-eating patterns

Per capita annual purchase of fishery products is on the decline. Consumers' emphasis on “easiness to cook” and “easiness to eat,” together with “easiness to handle” in pursuit of consumer needs, has accelerated the change in fish-eating patterns.

Relationship between consumer needs and distribution/production
(3) Fish-eating culture to be preserved through the consumption of domestic fish

☐ Consumer needs for domestically-produced fish are high, and it is necessary to meet such needs.

Consumer preferences about place of production in buying fresh fish

Source: “Consumer Trend Survey in FY2007,” Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Finance Corporation

Sense of security and sense of uneasiness on food

Source: “Results of the first regular survey, FY2006 Food Consumer Monitor,” Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Fishery products are rich in nutrients, such as minerals, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), etc. There is a study result indicating that the more you eat fish, the less risk you have of cardiac infarction.

☐ Unique local dishes using locally produced fish are inherited as local culinary specialties in various districts.

“100 selections of local culinary specialties in rural, mountain and fishing villages” using fishery products (part)

Prefectures	Local specialties	Description
Hokkaido	Ishikari-nabe (hot pot)	This dish is said to have spread as fishermen used to cook and eat salmon in a pot. It is named after the River Ishikari, a major salmon fishing ground. The dish uses all salmon parts without wasting a bit.
Aomori	Ichigo-ni	This is a soup of sea urchin ovaries and abalone (in some cases, Neptune whelk, etc. are used in place of abalone). It is named because the reddish mass of the ovaries of the sea urchin looks like wild strawberry (ichigo).
Shiga	Funa-zushi	This is a kind of sushi, called narezushi, which has improved the preservability of Japanese crucian carp (funa) caught in Lake Biwa through natural fermentation of cooked rice. This is the very prototype of the present Japanese sushi. With its unique strong smell and sourness, you will be addicted to it once you get used to eating it.
Oita	Buri-no-Atsumeshi	Originally, this is a dish prepared for fishermen on board fishing vessels. A bowl of cooked rice with slices of buri (yellowtail) marinated in soy sauce put on top of it, sprinkled with seasoning. You may pour over hot tea or soup stock as you like.

Source: “100 selections of local culinary specialties in rural, mountain and fishing villages,” Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Face-to-face sales are intensified in large-scale mass retailers, too. The Fish Meister system to nurture intermediaries between consumers and producers, and initiatives to transmit attractiveness of fishery products over the internet are implemented.

☐ It is important for the distribution industry not only to meet consumer needs, but also to give consumers new discoveries and impressions and develop new demands by making effective use of their rich knowledge and information on fishery products.

##

Face-to-face sales

The fresh fish section is always attended by a sales assistant. He explains good ways to cook fish and which fish are in season, and how to prepare the fresh fish bought by the customers for sashimi, grill, etc. according to their request.

The number of young housewives buying fresh fish is also increasing. Face-to-face sales of fresh fish activate communication with customers.

###

Listening to a lecture

A private qualification system “Fish Meister” was started in October 2007 to nurture “Fish” reciters or missionaries.

They learn a wide range of knowledge on fishery products.

They are expected to become intermediaries between consumers and producers in the future.

##

Activities of the young and prime-aged group

## (Soma City, Fukushima Prefecture) >

Over the internet, they dispatch information on various aspects of fisheries to consumers in and outside of the prefecture, and sell locally favorite fishery products and various fish not available in large quantities.

Interchange with consumers who have bought goods over the internet is deepened.

It is also necessary to promote food education so that people learn the merits of fish-eating culture and the preciousness of foods, and transmit and spread their learning to children.

##

At the Karato Market in Shimonoseki City, people learn the flow of fishing to fish distribution and sales, etc., and cook fish available at the market.

Enjoy learning fish-eating.
It is important to eat fish abundant in the waters surrounding Japan in order to improve our self-sufficiency rate of fishery products and preserve our resource-rich waters and fish-eating culture.

Examples of menus in season using domestically-produced fish necessary to raise Japan’s self-sufficiency rate of fishery products for human consumption by one percentage point

Source: “Food Balance Sheets,” Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

Consumption of locally-produced fishery products would contribute to (1) connecting the “ring” of material circulation, and (2) activating economic activities including Japanese fisheries and distribution.

“Ring” of material circulation accelerated through linkage among fisheries, distribution and fish-eating
## Section 2 Let’s take another look at rich waters

(1) Decline in Japan’s production capacity

Nearly half of the fishery stocks in the waters surrounding Japan are at a low resource level. The area of underwater plant beds and tidelands has decreased. Decrease of fishery workers and their aging are also progressing.

☐ It is pointed out that environmental changes on a global scale, such as global warming, may have an impact on Japan’s fisheries, too.

Resources level in Japan’s surrounding waters in FY2007 (Summary)

Secular change in area of underwater plant beds and tidelands

Main species and stocks
High level	Saury (Northwestern Pacific stock), etc.
Medium level	Japanese jack mackerel (Pacific and Tsushima warm current stocks), etc.
Low level	Chub mackerel (Pacific and Tsushima warm current stocks), Japanese pilchard (Pacific and Tsushima warm current stocks), etc.

Source: “Marine Fisheries Stock Assessment of Japanese Waters,” Fisheries Agency and Fisheries Research Agency

Source: “National Survey on the Natural Environment,” Ministry of the Environment

## (2) Cannot depend too much on import

Against the global increase in fishery product demand in recent years, Japan has suffered what is called “Kaimake” (*Kaimake refers to a situation where, due to the worldwide increase in the demand for marine products, the international price has risen and it is no longer possible to import the required amount at the conventional price, which has lowered Japan’s share in the international market.). At present, Japan depends on imports for about 40% of fishery products for human consumption, but cannot depend too much on imports.

World supply of fishery products for human consumption and shares by country

Sources: FAO Food Balance Sheets (except Japan) and “Food Balance Sheets,” Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan).