## (4) Financial Assistance through “Cool Earth Partnership”

As explained in Chapter 1, Prime Minister Fukuda proposed in the Davos Meeting that Japan would establish the “Cool Earth Partnership,” a new funding mechanism that would provide a cumulative total of approximately 10 billion dollars over a period of five years to support developing countries committed to stabilizing the climate by pursuing both reduction in GHG emissions and economic growth. Through this mechanism, Japan will provide financial and technological support to help these developing countries to implement measures to reduce GHG emissions as well as assist countries susceptible to climate changes (island nations, Africa, etc.) in the implementation of adaptation measures. This will also pave the way for developing countries to participate actively in an effective post-2013 international framework for climate change.

In accordance with the Cool Earth Partnership, Japan and Indonesia are engaging in talks on the provision of yen loans for climate change measures.

It was agreed upon during the January 2008 visit by Japan’s Minister of the Environment, Mr. Kamoshita, to Tuvalu, an island nation in the South Pacific, that Japan would review specific assistance measures. Japan also indicated then that it would take a leadership position among developed countries in providing assistance to developing countries. In addition, Japan has decided in February 2008 to provide grant aid to Senegal and Madagascar in Africa and Guiana in South America.

## (5) Assistance in Human Resources Development

Human resources development with a long-term perspective is also an important tool in helping developing countries to become sustainable societies. Many developing countries do not have adequate monitoring techniques and implementation systems to track air pollution and other problems. Because they fail to monitor the state of pollution accurately, they also at times fail to take the appropriate remedial measures. Japan has experience in overcoming the abovementioned pollution and many baby boomers, in particular, have experience and expertise in monitoring and other fields. A system has been put in place through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to dispatch these people to developing countries to monitor local conditions and to transfer the technologies of monitoring and analysis to the local people. More efforts should be made in the future to scale up the program.

Furthermore, to develop human resources (environmental personnel) who can lead social reforms to work towards a sustainable Asia from a long-term perspective, the Ministry of the Environment formulated the “Vision for Environmental Leadership Initiatives for Asian Sustainability in Higher Education” in March 2008. Based on this vision, Japan has formed a network with graduate schools in Asia to start providing support from FY 2008 to train environmental personnel in universities in Asian countries. The Scientific Capacity Building/Enhancement for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries (CAPaBLE) has been implemented since 2003 through funding provided for The Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) formed by 21 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The program is contributing to the development of human resources by providing education and training to researchers of developing countries.