sions from the commercial and others sector, which represents approximately 20%, and the residential sector, which represents approximately 10%, have increased substantially (Table 3-1-1).

In order for Japan to take the lead in the international community in realizing a low carbon society, we must take the initiative to assuredly achieve the 6% reduction target set forth by the Kyoto Protocol.

## 2 Achieving the Target of Kyoto Protocol’s First Commitment Period

## (1) Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan

Pursuant to the Law Concerning the Promotion of Measures to Cope with Global Warming (Law No. 117 of 1998), the Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan (approved by the Cabinet on April 28, 2005, hereinafter referred to as "Target Achievement Plan") stipulates the necessary measures for assuredly achieving the 6% emissions reduction target set forth by the Kyoto Protocol. Japan has made concrete efforts to meet this target by improving the efficiency of air-conditioners, televisions, and other appliances and increasing the fuel efficiency of automobiles. The Global Environment Committee of the Central Environment Council and the Global Environment Subcommittee under the Environment Division of the Industrial Structure Council deliberated in a joint meeting to revise the Target Achievement Plan in order to ensure achievement of the target. In response to the final report of the joint meeting, the Global Warming Prevention Headquarters agreed to revise the Target Achievement Plan (Figure 3-1-1) in March 2008, which was later approved by the Cabinet. The revised Target Achievement Plan incorporated additional and strengthened policies and measures to further encourage the industrial sector to formulate voluntary action plans; to further improve the energy efficiency of houses and buildings; to enforce the Top Runner Program for machinery and equipment; to step up energy conservation measures at factories and business establishments; to improve the fuel efficiency of automobiles; to formulate and issue emissions control guidelines for businesses based on the amended Law Concerning the Promotion of Measures to Cope with Global Warming $ ^{*} $ ; to introduce a system of calculation and reporting of GHG emissions by business unit or franchise unit based on the revised system of GHG calculation, reporting and disclosure; to expand and improve implementation plans of local governments; etc. (Fig. 3-1-1).

With respect to the revised Target Achievement Plan (hereinafter referred to as "Revised Target Achievement Plan"), actors in various sectors must make full effort to carry out not only the policies and measures in the original Target Achievement Plan but also the additional and enhanced policies and measures of the Revised Target Achievement Plan (Figure 3-1-1). Furthermore, to achieve the target of the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period, Japan will also combine forest management to secure carbon sinks and use of the Kyoto Mechanism (Figure 3-1-2).

The longer we delay implementation of these policy measures, the greater the reduction we will have to make within a short time in order to meet the 6% emissions reduction target of the Kyoto Protocol. It is important that we immediately implement the policy measures that can be carried out at this time to secure the reduction. Achievement of the 6% reduction target is premised on steady implementation of the existing and additional measures. We must monitor the progress of the plan’s implementation closely, be spontaneous in making adjustments, and add or enhance policy measures speedily whenever necessary to ensure fulfillment of the 6% emissions reduction target.