sis in 1973 and 2005. Today, Japan’s pollution prevention technology and energy conservation technology are at the highest level in the world.

On the other hand, Asian countries must take immediate measures to tackle pollution resulting from rapid economic growth as well as energy conservation measures to mitigate global warming. By disseminating pollution prevention technology, which Japan developed from its experience of overcoming pollution, and energy conservation technology and systems to the Asian countries and prompting them to take actions, Japan can show Asian countries the way to a low carbon society. We will introduce here how Japan utilizes its experience to assist Asian countries.

## (2) Co-benefit Approach to Global Warming Mitigation

Co-benefit means an activity that delivers two different benefits at the same time, referring here to the need of developing countries to pursue development and the need to mitigate global warming (Figure 3-3-5).

Despite the rising interest in environmental issues, developing countries in general tend to place the highest priority on development, which brings economic growth, but a relatively low priority on measures that mitigate global warming. Therefore, measures that fulfill the need for development while mitigating global warming are useful in motivating developing countries to curb GHG emissions actively, the effectiveness of which is also highlighted in the Working Group III Report of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.

For the developing countries, pollution resulting from development is especially an important issue that needs to be addressed within the regions. A co-benefit approach to arrest global warming, which undertakes anti-pollution measures to resolve such regional environmental problems while implementing measures to mitigate global warming, is an effective means for advancing proactive measures to arrest global warming (Figure 3-3-5).

Air pollution, water contamination, and other environmental problems have become increasingly evident in developing Asian countries that are witnessing spectacular economic growth. Due to the countries' pressing need to address these environmental problems, helping these countries to adopt co-benefit measures to tackle both pollution and global warming at the same time will be an extremely effective way to diffuse global warming mitigation measures in the Asian region.

Co-benefit-type assistance for developing countries is already being carried out under the framework of Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA) and by private companies in the form of development activities. For example, the comprehensive environmental improvement project in Guiyang, China is carried out under the "Sino-Japanese Environmental Model City Program" advocated at the 1997 Sino-Japanese Summit. It is reported that the project's measures focusing on equipment upgrade and anti-pollution have not only drastically reduced the emissions of pollutants such as $ SO_{x} $ and $ NO_{x} $ but also reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 1,067,400 tons.

To advance the co-benefit approach of global warming mitigation measures in the future, we need to step up efforts to raise awareness in the developing countries and provide financial assistance to support joint activities as well as research and development. To this end, Japan and China announced in December 2007 that the two countries would cooperate in implementing a co-benefit type joint research model project from 2008 onward to reduce pollutants and consequently GHG emissions. In the Bali Conference, Japan and Indonesia issued a joint statement

Figure 3-3-5 Concept of Co-benefit Approach to Global Warming Mitigation