Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
### 9. New developments in content distribution

O While the size of the overall content market has remained more or less the same, the percentage of content distribution via the Internet (online-distributed content) has increased. [Figures 29 and 30]

In the music distribution services market, which is rapidly growing due to the diffusion of mobile digital audio players (e.g., iPod) and the launch of music distribution to cellular phone handsets, users place importance not only on the “prelistening service” and “price,” but also on a “large selection,” suggesting that the creation of a market for the Long Tail part is supporting the market growth. [Figure 31]

Figure 29: Current State of the Content Market

Figure 30: State of Distribution via Communications Networks

Source: Institute for Information and Communications Policy, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), “Research Concerning the Current State of Production and Distribution of Media Contents.”

Figure 31: Aspects Considered Important in Using Paid Music Distribution Services

(Source: “Survey on State of Use of Ubiquitous Network-Related Goods.”)
### 10. Advancement in financial transactions through use of ICT networks

Electronic money, online banking, and online trading are rapidly diffusing as financial services that use ubiquitous network tools (smart cards, etc.) and take advantage of network characteristics. [Figure 32]

○ Prepaid electronic money has diffused as a payment option, allowing users to use highly convenient financial services in their immediate environment at a low cost. In addition, online financial transactions including online trading and online banking are increasing mainly among young males. [Figure 33]

Figure 32: Amount of Electronic Money Used (per Month)

Source: “Survey on the Use of ICT Network by Consumers.”

Figure 33: Means of Securities Transactions

Source: “Survey on the Use of ICT Network by Consumers.”
### 11. Impact on labor economy

O Telework, which provides access to a flexible work environment and diverse human resources, is expected to increase productivity through improving the efficiency of routine work. [Figure 34]

As employers come to be required of higher ICT literacy with the increased introduction of ICT in businesses, there will be the following tendencies: the “ability to make use of information” will be required particularly among officers, and labor demand for non-routine work (demand for specialists that create originality and scarcity value) will increase. [Figure 35]

Figure 34: Purpose for Introducing Telework

Source: “Communications Usage Trend Survey in 2005.”

Figure 35: Abilities that Become Increasingly Important with Informatization (by Position)

Source: “Survey on State of Use of ICT by Workers.”
### 12. Progress in use of ICT networks in businesses

○ Ubiquitous network tools are mainly introduced in leading businesses at present. [Figure 36]
○ Introduction of ICT in businesses leads to increased productivity if conducted in line with organizational reform*. [Figure 37]
→This suggests the possibility that TFP improvements will also spread to industries other than ICT and electric machinery, and efficiency will increase on the macro level as well. [Figure 7 on p. 6]
(* intangible assets)

Figure 36: State of Introduction of Ubiquitous Network Tools in Businesses

Figure 37: Relationship between Productivity and Introduction of Ubiquitous Network Technology/Organizational Reform of Businesses

Source: “Survey on the Use of ICT Networks by Businesses.”
13. Challenges toward achieving a ubiquitous network society

Among the negative aspects of the development of ubiquitous networks, there are the problems of information security and the digital divide.

○ Regarding information security, virus infection has become a social issue, and individuals as well as businesses face an urgent need to take countermeasures. [Figure 38]. Measures for protection of personal information by businesses have made progress, particularly in large companies, in response to the enforcement of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information.

The gaps in Internet use among people of different attributes have been narrowing overall, but the gap is still notable between generations. [Figure 39] Also, there are still gaps in the availability of broadband services between regions. [Figure 40]

Figure 38: Information Security Incidents Reported by Individuals

Figure 39: Use of the Internet by Age Group

Source: “Communications Usage Trend Survey in 2005.”

Figure 40: Availability of Broadband Services by Municipal Population
## General Remarks: Ubiquitous Economy

1. Promotion of the u-Japan policy and transformation of the social and economic systems

Japan is expected to face various challenges associated with social life and economic activities due to changes in the social and economic environments including the declining and aging of the population. In order to overcome these challenges, efforts are required not only to streamline and improve the existing processes, but also to transform the social and economic systems into more diverse, creative, productive, and reliable systems.

Since the launch of the e-Japan Strategy in January 2001, intended for making Japan “the world’s most advanced IT nation by 2005,” infrastructure development has made steady progress and Japan has become to one of the most affordable and high-speed broadband environments. In July 2003, the e-Japan Strategy was reviewed. In this review, the focus was shifted to the promotion of IT use and the formation of a ubiquitous network society was positioned as the goal of the infrastructure development for a new IT society. In response to this, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications formulated the u-Japan Policy in December 2004 aimed at achieving, by 2010, a ubiquitous network society—a society that allows connection to networks “anytime, anywhere, by anything and anyone,” and enables easy exchange of information. The u-Japan Policy grew out of the conventional goal to catch up with other countries, and set a new goal to have Japan lead the world as a frontrunner in the field of information and communications technology, including the promotion of pioneering reforms of social systems by using ICT. Later, in January 2006, the Strategic Headquarters for the Promotion of an Advanced Information and Telecommunications Network Society decided on the New IT Reform Strategy for pursuing the potential of ICT to make structural reform, with the aim of “realizing a ubiquitous and universal network society where everyone can enjoy the benefits of IT.”

Ubiquitous networks are ICT networks through which users can freely use network services, terminals, and digital content at any time and place without being aware of the presence of the networks. They are characterized by dramatically improved connectivity, allowing “person-to-person,” “person-to-goods,” and “goods-to-goods” communications at any place, realizing seamless and universal communications including the convergence of fixed-line and mobile communications. A ubiquitous network society has the potential of integrating scattered social components via the networks, because ICT will penetrate all scenes of social and economic activities. Thus, increased use of ubiquitous networks is expected to promote the accumulation of knowledge and technology, and contribute to transforming the existing social and economic systems and accelerating technological progress.
## General Remarks: Ubiquitous Economy

### 2. Social and economic characteristics brought about by development of ubiquitous networks

In the past, ICT was mainly used by businesses; consumers usually enjoyed the convenience of ICT in a passive manner. However, the significance of ubiquitous networks is in spreading such benefits of ICT, to consumers. This is symbolized by the progress of cellular phone, the diffusion of RFID, distribution of digital content on broadband networks, and the rise of consumer-generated media, CGM, such as blogs and social networking services, SNS.

ICT use in businesses has expanded from accounting procedures to order and inventory management, and further to customer management. The use of ICT has improved the operations for businesses, and as well, has increased convenience for consumers. Actual examples include ATMs for withdrawing money from any bank, and call centers that efficiently respond to inquiries from consumers by instantly searching the consumer’s profile in their database. In these cases, however, ICT is being actively used by businesses, and consumers are in a position to enjoy the conventional types of benefits in a more convenient manner. In the consumer’s eye, such a change only means more efficient and cheaper access to conventional services, and does not mean an essential change in their lifestyle.

Nevertheless, in recent years, ICT use has widely diffused, not only throughout businesses, but also throughout consumers. For instance, selling items through online auctions via cellular phones, viewing video content via broadband services, and exercising influence on society by sending out information freely and actively through blogs and SNS, they are new types of uses that involve changes in lifestyles. While these changes in lifestyles create new markets and employment opportunities, the existing markets will be restructured, and this will press businesses to adapt to these new market environment. This is the reason that we have chosen to use the term “ubiquitous economy” to express the social and economic characteristics brought about by the development of ubiquitous networks.
## General Remarks: Ubiquitous Economy

### 3. Viewpoints of studying the ubiquitous economy

This white paper features “ubiquitous economy”—the social and economic characteristics brought about by the development of ubiquitous networks in achieving a ubiquitous network society by 2010. It studies the mechanism by which the spread of ICT use will diversify the uses of ICT, such as increased fusion/collaboration between communications and broadcasting, new trends including Web 2.0, and the development of consumer-generated media such as blogs, transform social and economic systems, and create economic vitality. The study is made from the viewpoints mentioned in (1) and (2) below.

## (1) Economic performance toward achieving a ubiquitous network society

The current situation of ICT industries suggests that, although the industries experienced a business recession with the collapse of the ICT bubble economy, the process of “creative destruction” based on technological innovations in the ICT field, including emergence of new businesses using the Internet, is still alive. Indeed, activities in the ICT industries have been gradually boosting their resilience due to recovery in the ICT manufacturing industry. In addition, ICT has made considerable and favorable contributions to the changes in real GDP.

At the same time, ICT use has also been spreading among individuals and households with the development of ubiquitous networks, but obvious improvements in productivity have yet to be observed on the macro level. For example, although ICT investment and capital stock have been increasing in Japanese industries, the figures for total factor productivity, TFP, of various industries show that improvements have not become quite evident, except in ICT industries and electric machinery industries. Impacts of ubiquitous networks are expected to emerge in the following micro-level social and economic activities first, rather than in the macro level.
## General Remarks: Ubiquitous Economy

(2) Impact of ubiquitous networks on social and economic activities

Unlike in the 1990s when ICT were introduced mainly in businesses and industries, ICT will make their way into all fields, including individuals and households in a ubiquitous network society. This may have great impacts on the social and economic activities and mutual relationships of various entities, such as creating unconventional direct contact points between businesses and individuals or between suppliers and consumers, and generating new mutual relationships, as well as integrating the diverse knowledge scattered among various entities in society.

Therefore, this white paper conducts study from the following three viewpoints.

(i) Achievement of diverse information distribution societies

User needs are expected to expand with the advancement of fusion between communications and broadcasting. Also, the Long Tail phenomenon, achieving sales of products with low and diverse demand will emerge in network transactions between suppliers and consumers due to new trends including Web 2.0, which will cultivate the niche markets and satisfy diverse user needs. Furthermore, with the rise of CGM such as blogs and SNS, knowledge and various opinions will be increasingly provided or returned to society as all types of entities will become able to send out information at a low cost.

## (ii) Elimination of information mismatching

With the decrease in users' information search costs due to the development of Internet personal ads, portal sites, and search engines, as well as the implementation of effective marketing by businesses using these tools, the mismatching between information suppliers and information seekers will be eliminated. This is expected to contribute to greater user satisfaction, stronger business competitiveness, more efficient markets, and globalized transactions.

(iii) Improvement in productivity and human capital

As observed from open-source efforts, the development of a networked environment has the potential for facilitating knowledge accumulation and knowledge-based collaborations, and improving the ability to acquire knowledge in the entire society.

In addition, a diverse labor supply is expected to become available in the labor market through flexible working environments including telework. Furthermore, in line with the increased use of ICT in businesses, emphasis will be placed on knowledge and human resources as the source of a competitive edge, and labor demand will increase for specialists who can create originality and scarcity value. Such increased focus on specialists will promote the concentration of management resources in core operations, and increase outsourcing.
## General Remarks: Ubiquitous Economy

### 4. Structure of this paper

Chapter 1 investigates and analyzes ubiquitous economy, which is the feature of this paper, and reports the results. First, Section 1 indicates the trends in ICT industries, looking at economic activity toward achieving a ubiquitous network society, and studies the impact of the increase in ICT investment and capital stock on the macroeconomy and industrial productivity. Then, Section 2 to Section 6 discuss the impact of ubiquitous networks on social and economic activities, mainly from the consumers' viewpoint, while Section 7 to Section 12 discuss such impact mainly from the business and market viewpoint. Furthermore, Section 13 takes a look at information security and the digital divide as the negative aspects of the development in ubiquitous networks.

Since it is important that the ubiquitous network society to be achieved by 2010 should greatly contribute to the development of Japanese society and economy, this white paper aims to provide useful material for developing various measures for achieving this goal.
# 平成12年度物品増減及び現在額総報告

(第 154 回 国 会 提 出)
## 目次

平成12年度物品増減及び現在額総報告 …… 1

平成12年度物品増減及び現在額総計算書 …… 5

一般会計物品増減及び現在額総計算書 …… 7

特別会計物品増減及び現在額総計算書 …… 8

内閣府、総務省及び財務省所管 …… 8

交付税及び譲与税配付金 …… 8

総務省所管 …… 9

郵政事業 …… 9

法務省所管 …… 10

登記 …… 10

財務省所管 …… 11

造幣局 …… 11

印刷局 …… 12

資金運用部 …… 13

国債整理基金 …… 14

外国為替資金 …… 15

産業投資 …… 16
財務省、文部科学省及び 経済産業省所管 17
電源開発促進対策 17
財務省、厚生労働省及び 経済産業省所管 18
石炭並びに石油及びエネ ルギー需給構造高度化対 策 18
財務省及び国土交通省所 管 19
特定国有財産整備 19
文部科学省所管 20
国立学校 20
厚生労働省所管 21
厚生保険 21
船員保険 22
国立病院 23
国民年金 24
労働保険 25
農林水産省所管 26
食糧管理 26
農業共済再保険 27
漁船再保険及漁業共済保 28
農業経営基盤強化措置 29
国有林野事業 30
国営土地改良事業 …… 31
経済産業省所管 …… 32
アルコール専売事業 …… 32
貿易保険 …… 33
特許 …… 34
国土交通省所管 …… 35
自動車損害賠償責任再保険 …… 35
道路整備 …… 36
治水 …… 37
港湾整備 …… 38
自動車検査登録 …… 39
空港整備 …… 40
特別会計計 …… 41
総計 …… 42
平成12年度物品増減及び現在額総報告
物品増減及び現在額総計算書の対象となる物品の
平成11年度末現在額は
である。
平成12年度中における
増加額は
減少額は
であって、差引き
の増加となるが、これに同年度中に実施した物品の価格改定による
増加額
を加えると、同年度における増加額の合計額は
となる。
これを平成11年度末現在額に加算した額
が物品の平成12年度末現在額である。
この物品の増減及び現在額の大要は次のとおりであり、会計別及び品目別の内訳
は「物品増減及び現在額総計算書」のとおりである。
(1)一般会計
所	管	平成11年度末現在(A)	平成12年度間増減(B)	平成12年度末現在(A±B)
増(a)	減(b)	差引(a-b)	価格改定による増又は減(円)
数量(個)	価格(円)	数量(個)	数量(個)	価格(円)	数量(個)	価格(円)	数量(個)	価格(円)
皇室費	440	1,381,970,136	34	146,461,463	35	100,090,480	△	1	46,370,983	756,000	439
眾議院	753	1,485,243,241	65	174,339,463	65	133,873,375	0	40,466,088	14,833,000	753	1,540,542,329
参議院	481	990,399,804	86	136,037,350	81	123,218,066	5	12,819,284	23,786,651	486	1,027,005,739
( 2 ) 物品増減及び現在額総報告

所 管	平成11年度末現在(A)	平 成 12 年 度 間 增 减 (B)	平成12年度末現在(A±B)
増(a)	減(b)	差 引 (a-b)	価格改定による増又減(円)
数 量 (個)	価 格 (円)	数 量 (個)	価 格 (円)	数 量 (個)	価 格 (円)	数 量 (個)	価 格 (円)	価 格 (円)	数 量 (個)	価 格 (円)
裁 判 所	2,728	4,077,400,254	371	976,271,728	473	682,101,039	△	102	294,170,689	1,079,975	2,626	4,372,650,918
会 計 検 查 院	136	318,641,600	17	49,569,464	6	21,985,910	11	27,583,554	0	147	346,225,154
内 閣	414	938,897,085	140	237,723,411	70	148,976,242	70	88,747,169	823,140	484	1,028,467,394
内 閣 府	0	0	391,610	8,828,954,057,665	24,657	811,789,070,663	366,953	8,017,164,987,002	1,944,490,679	366,953	8,019,109,477,681
総 務 省	0	0	22,372	237,621,931,124	8,941	95,018,657,084	13,431	142,603,274,040	513,125,834	13,431	143,116,399,874
法 務 省	22,124	44,288,184,224	2,956	8,840,503,068	2,488	6,669,830,659	468	2,170,672,409	628,237,938	22,592	47,087,094,571
外 務 省	7,329	21,713,009,281	928	3,380,047,076	873	2,817,476,995	55	562,570,081	11,729,538	7,384	22,287,308,900
財 務 省	0	0	25,531	51,226,505,565	2,560	6,180,584,981	22,971	45,045,920,584	242,930,697	22,971	45,288,851,281
文 部 科 学 省	0	0	65,629	464,916,432,388	28,239	198,649,224,261	37,390	266,267,208,127	4,775,400	37,390	266,271,983,527
厚 生 労 働 省	0	0	18,035	44,079,123,143	495	1,063,026,501	17,540	43,016,096,642	58,336,247	17,540	43,074,432,889
農 林 水 座 省	38,485	102,419,932,684	36,163	103,354,495,196	36,848	103,180,204,418	△	685	174,290,778	△	981,418,537	37,800
経 济 座 業 省	0	0	74,227	300,618,793,071	38,466	156,524,905,524	35,761	144,093,887,547	115,236,747	35,761	144,209,124,294
国 土 交 通 省	0	0	51,878	229,957,315,744	6,542	28,995,565,424	45,336	200,961,750,320	278,009,850	45,336	201,239,760,170
環 境 省	0	0	7,488	34,542,844,754	3,451	15,451,034,464	4,037	19,091,810,290	0	4,037	19,091,810,290
総 理 府	383,317	7,903,403,826,256	59,103	2,270,035,054,379	442,420	10,175,961,045,440	△	383,317	△	7,905,925,991,061	2,522,164,805	0
大 藏 省	22,673	43,280,197,143	1,166	1,472,424,696	23,839	44,989,883,728	△	22,673	△	43,517,459,032	237,261,889	0
文 部 省	9,861	27,102,325,835	206	476,965,074	10,067	27,579,290,909	△	9,861	△	27,102,325,835	0	0
厚 生 省	14,639	36,868,160,183	272	716,141,331	14,911	37,601,620,592	△	14,639	△	36,885,479,261	17,319,078	0
通 商 座 業 省	38,201	151,126,553,169	2,270	8,041,816,928	40,471	157,370,736,679	△	38,201	△	149,328,919,751	△	0
運 輸 省	38,996	158,747,765,607	3,934	33,337,100,699	42,930	192,011,337,892	△	38,996	△	158,674,237,193	△	0
郵 政 省	11,039	122,687,577,975	1,078	9,092,077,677	12,117	128,047,945,726	△	11,039	△	118,955,868,049	△	0
労 働 省	1,944	3,270,342,732	102	181,713,047	2,046	3,452,055,779	△	1,944	△	3,270,342,732	0	0
建 設 省	6,196	40,321,266,617	264	1,096,271,000	6,460	43,192,437,589	△	6,196	△	42,096,166,589	1,774,899,972	0
自 治 省	1,321	5,764,131,585	23	56,406,651	1,344	5,528,111,872	△	1,321	△	5,471,705,221	△	0
合 計	601,077	8,670,185,825,411	765,948	12,633,718,423,155	750,895	12,243,284,292,292	15,053	390,434,130,863	1,513,080,781	616,130	9,062,133,037,055
物品増減及び現在額総報告 (3)

(2) 特別会計
会計	平成11年度末現在(A)	平成12年度間減(B)	平成12年度末現在(A±B)
増(a)	減(b)	差引(a-b)	価格改定による増又減(円)
数量(個)	価格(円)	数量(個)	価格(円)	数量(個)	価格(円)	数量(個)	価格(円)	数量(個)	価格(円)
交付税及び議与税配付金	16	27,186,404	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	16	27,186,404
郵政事業	355,560	1,033,490,987,743	57,007	226,040,547,305	39,105	184,494,797,561	17,902	41,545,749,744	3,513,598,686	373,462	1,078,550,336,173
登記	6,708	11,546,880,579	351	649,158,259	552	1,300,120,319	△	201	△	650,962,060	1,296,540	6,507	10,897,215,059
造幣局	2,289	22,764,712,585	195	2,347,472,578	104	618,924,329	91	1,728,548,249	305,152,297	2,380	24,798,413,131
印刷局	3,995	95,757,343,069	346	6,304,515,464	205	3,158,357,979	141	3,146,157,485	801,027,066	4,136	99,704,527,620
資金運用部	87	77,877,289	17	17,003,017	9	8,250,140	8	8,752,877	252,000	95	86,882,166
国债整理基金	10	10,397,735	1	1,771,350	0	0	1	1,771,350	0	11	12,169,085
外国為替資金	40	34,849,253	1	658,665	0	0	1	658,665	0	41	35,507,918
匯業投資	21	17,369,015	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	21	17,369,015
電源開発促進対策	5,251	31,910,773,814	5,060	21,033,736,823	4,721	19,408,871,876	339	1,624,864,947	261,434,664	5,590	33,797,073,425
石炭並びに石油及びエネルギー需給構造高度化対策	464	3,261,201,706	711	2,847,385,480	572	3,669,160,556	139	△	821,775,076	3,499,146	603	2,442,925,776
特定国有財匯整備	293	345,997,950	10	7,980,291	65	69,425,059	△	55	△	61,444,768	0	238	284,553,182
国立学校	811,723	2,684,692,085,370	882,302	2,920,313,830,450	858,234	2,838,073,936,077	24,068	82,239,894,373	△	839,326,531	835,791	2,766,092,653,212
厚生保険	27,633	125,399,247,704	1,613	9,747,155,222	1,899	7,474,599,677	△	286	2,272,555,545	△	15,898,275	27,347
船員保険	789	3,847,542,801	17	14,141,395	46	412,251,835	△	29	△	398,110,440	0	760	3,449,432,361
国立病院	79,009	363,068,955,112	9,773	51,588,913,362	9,220	40,954,176,286	553	10,634,737,076	185,604,869	79,562	373,889,297,057
国民年金	4,178	5,986,927,837	321	453,608,112	312	422,817,001	9	30,791,111	236,838	4,187	6,017,955,786
労働保険	15,387	22,450,971,334	3,493	6,042,437,397	3,310	5,873,480,278	183	168,957,119	10,336,694	15,570	22,630,265,147
食糧管理	2,351	2,241,084,266	592	527,105,698	640	537,044,010	△	48	△	9,938,312	△	196,900	2,303
農業共済再保険	19	21,019,002	0	0	10	8,874,377	△	10	△	8,874,377	0	9	12,144,625
漁船再保険及漁業共済保険	2	2,176,135	1	1,482,600	1	842,800	0	639,800	0	2	2,815,935
農業經營基盤強化措置	2	1,244,531	0	0	2	1,244,531	△	2	△	1,244,531	0	0	0
国有林野事業	7,205	13,889,241,274	408	754,098,781	926	2,061,886,989	△	518	△	1,307,788,208	△	7,443,496	6,687
国營土地改良事業	2,678	4,380,802,672	371	657,379,508	520	905,964,604	△	149	△	248,585,096	2,214,550	2,529	4,134,432,126
( 4 ) 物品増減及び現在額総報告

会計	平成11年度末現在(A)	平成12年度間減(B)	平成12年度末現在(A±B)
増(a)	減(b)	差引(a-b)	価格改定による増又は減(円)
数 量(個)	価 格(円)	数 量(個)	価 格(円)	数 量(個)	価 格(円)	数 量(個)	価 格(円)	数 量(個)	価 格(円)
アルコール専売事業	24	40,197,359	93	243,434,626	7	9,209,560	86	234,225,066	0	110	274,422,425
貿易保険	14	13,701,334	0	0	8	5,853,284	8	5,853,284	0	6	7,848,050
特許	295	2,473,482,188	267	639,700,451	242	605,121,071	25	34,579,380	17,827,708	320	2,525,889,276
自動車損害賠償責任再保険	20	66,817,843	16	49,593,910	17	64,078,243	1	14,484,333	0	19	52,333,510
道路整備	33,277	213,052,870,897	4,510	53,184,166,398	4,106	45,342,432,183	404	7,841,734,215	1,858,067,524	33,681	222,752,672,636
治水	34,185	208,367,969,564	3,618	38,109,108,355	3,613	34,934,723,343	5	3,174,385,012	363,827,036	34,190	211,906,181,612
港湾整備	3,037	10,964,034,873	1,000	4,935,315,864	1,180	4,986,119,865	180	50,804,001	103,556,951	2,857	11,016,787,823
自動車検査登録	4,698	25,883,320,724	703	6,562,475,718	754	6,491,129,323	51	71,346,395	68,081,420	4,647	26,022,748,539
空港整備	12,665	78,385,951,082	3,444	44,793,859,833	4,555	53,467,166,032	1,111	8,673,306,199	1,388,268,687	11,554	71,100,913,570
合計	1,413,925	4,964,475,221,044	976,241	3,397,868,036,912	934,935	3,255,360,859,188	41,306	142,507,177,724	8,021,417,474	1,455,231	5,115,003,816,242
(5)

平成12年度物品増減及び現在額総計算書