both continue to make efforts for both supply and demand. It is also necessary to secure a stable energy supply and reduce the impact on the environment through introduction of renewable energy and dispersed autonomous energy, use of energy-efficient facilities, and efforts that include reconsideration of business styles and everyday lifestyles. These experiences can be hints for reconsidering how energy supply and demand and business styles should be, and for achieving a low-carbon economy, a new lifestyle, and sustainability and safety in society.

As for natural resources, Rikuchu Kaigan National Park and other places suffered all kinds of damage due to this earthquake. In the Tohoku area peoples' lives were carried out in harmony with rich biodiversity and other nature, and tourism making the most of such nature was one of the region's important industries in addition to primary industries. It is desirable to recover primary industries and tourism in this region from the perspectives of preventing disaster, while maintaining human interaction between forests, rivers and the ocean, and utilizing the beautiful scenic areas and other rich natural resources.

Efforts in the areas affected by the disaster have been

Figure 5-3-1 Maximum Amounts of Electricity Supply and Demand Per Day (Tokyo Electric Power Company)

Source: The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan

accelerated with the start of a “Conference on the Vision for Recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake” by experts and people related to the disaster areas on April 11, 2011. The Diet also enacted the FY 2011 first

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# Reduction of Consumed Electricity by Using LED Bulbs

White-light LEDs were developed in Japan in 1996 and rapidly became widely used for lighting. They are an energy-saving, long-life light source. Compared with incandescent light bulbs, use of LED bulbs reduces consumed electricity to approximately one-sixth. For that reason, it can be calculated that when the cost of using LED bulbs is compared with the cost of using incandescent light bulbs, in a span of approximately 1.6 years it will be advantageous to use LED bulbs instead of incandescent light bulbs. Therefore, changing to LED and other energy-saving devices can be considered a way to conserve electricity in the home.

## Comparison before and after replacing 40W Incandescent Light Bulb with LED Bulb

40W Incandescent Light Bulb	LED light bulb	Comparison
Photos (See Note 1)
Consumed electricity	36W	6.3W	Reduction to approximately 1/6 (CO₂ emissions also reduced to approximately 1/6)
Life-span	1,000 Hours	40,000 Hours	40 Times
Prices (See note 2)	JPY 100	JPY 2,380	约 24 Times
Electricity expenses for 40,000 hours of use (See Note 1)	JPY 31,680	JPY 5,544	Reduction of JPY 26,136
Costs for one year (See Note 3)	JPY 1,784	JPY 396	The price difference is recoverable in approximately 1.6 years.

Note 1: Photos were taken from Toshiba Lighting and Technology Corporation materials.

2: Prices are the findings of the Ministry of the Environment

3: One-year electricity expenses and purchase costs when used for 2,000 hours a year. Calculated by dividing the price by the life-span (hours) and adding that to the electricity expense for one hour. Target unit prices for electricity expenses are taken from Toshiba Lighting and Technology Corporation materials.

Source: Ministry of the Environment