Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Table 9 Changes in the number of cases of permission for change of status of residence for employment from college student or pre-college student by nationality (place of origin)

Nationality (Place of Origin)	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	3,778	5,264	5,878	8,272	10,262
China	2,258	3,445	4,186	6,000	7,539
R.O. Korea	721	811	747	944	1,109
China (Taiwan)	139	179	168	200	282
Bangladesh	66	84	57	119	138
Viet Nam	31	59	69	118	120
Malaysia	31	53	64	92	131
Thailand	53	60	60	67	87
Sri Lanka	31	25	34	55	81
Indonesia	40	59	52	53	73
Nepal	16	28	24	45	63
Others	392	461	417	579	639

According to the statistics by status of residence, foreign nationals who obtained permission to change their statuses to “Specialist in Humanities/International Services” represented the largest proportion, totaling 7,304 and accounting for 71.2%. In addition, 2,314 foreign nationals (22.5%) obtained permission to change their status to “Engineer” in 2007. (Table 10)

Table 10 Changes in the number of cases of permission for change of status of residence for employment from college student or pre-college student by status of residence permitted (Cas

Year Status of Residence	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	3,778	5,264	5,878	8,272	10,262
Specialist in Humanities/International Services	2,378	3,417	4,159	5,938	7,304
Engineer	849	1,233	1,200	1,720	2,314
Professor	371	388	335	401	416
Researcher	90	114	92	104	87
Investor/Business Manager	38	53	28	36	61
Instructor	10	23	18	20	23
Religious Activities	6	12	12	13	15
Medical Services	14	10	10	14	13
Skilled Labor	5	5	8	5	6
Artist	6	5	4	6	6
Entertainer	-	-	1	3	3
Others	11	4	11	12	14

### B. Permission to Change Status of Residence in Order to Participate in a Technical Internship Program

The Technical Internship Program was a system established in 1993 to enable foreign nationals who have acquired certain levels of skills through training to further improve their skills through on-the-job training while in employment, thereby contributing to effective technology transfer and human resources development as part of international contributions. It is necessary for any foreign national who wishes to take part in the
program to obtain permission for change of status of residence from “Trainee” to “Designated Activities”.

This program covers skills that are publicly evaluated in Japan and also in demand in the home countries of the trainees. These skills were categorized into 63 types of work in total as of April 1, 2008. 52 types, including form panel setting and machining, are evaluated based on the National Skills Test under the Occupation Skills Development Promotion Law for Basic Grade 1 and Basic Grade 2. The remaining 11 types, including operation of construction equipment and spinning machines, are publicly evaluated, although not by national examinations, according to a system established by the Japan International Training Cooperation Organization.

Shortly after the Technical Internship Program was established, few foreign trainees applied for the program. Since then, we have increased the number of types of work covered by the program. Due to this, the number of trainees exceeded 20,000 in 2003 and reached 53,999 in 2007. The number in 2007 increased by 12,999 (up 31.7%) from a year earlier, and by 33,177 (up 159.3%) from 2003, showing a steady yearly increase during the period from 2003 to 2007. In total, 260,814 trainees took part in the program after finishing their training from establishment of the Technical Internship Program in 1993 up to the end of 2007, which indicates that this program is showing steady improvement.

According to the statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of trainees who obtained permission for change of status of residence to take part in the Technical Internship Program was from China (42,871), followed by Viet Nam (4,155), Indonesia (3,274), the Philippines (2,407), and Thailand (783). Some of the most popular types of work were dress-making for females and children, welding and plastic molding. (Table 11 and 12)

Table 11 Changes in the number of trainees who switch to the Technical Internship Program by nationality

Nationality	Year	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	20,822	26,488	32,394	41,000	53,999
China	16,620	20,922	26,606	34,817	42,871
Viet Nam	1,343	2,070	1,791	2,221	4,155
Indonesia	2,060	2,474	2,340	1,924	3,274
Philippines	653	819	1,219	1,482	2,407
Thailand	110	112	277	342	783
Others	36	91	161	214	509
Table 12 Changes in the number of trainees who switch to the Technical Internship Program by job type (People)

Job Type	Year	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	20,822	26,488	32,394	41,000	53,999
Women/Children's apparel production	8,076	9,194	9,751	10,750	11,697
Mold construction	437	373	420	526	800
Men's apparel production	514	527	679	741	658
Welding	1,148	1,254	1,960	2,817	3,882
Steel reinforcement construction	248	376	376	409	610
Machining	622	873	1,276	1,918	2,960
Metal press work	499	942	1,194	1,768	2,505
Plumbing	45	27	53	88	119
Painting	393	562	713	1,070	1,255
Furniture production	111	147	239	260	392
Casting	386	561	695	811	1,167
Steeplejack	225	240	361	610	702
Plastic molding	907	1,691	2,072	2,686	4,769
Carpenter	80	118	179	350	441
Construction machinery production	32	49	46	77	147
Others	7,099	9,554	12,380	16,119	21,895

## (3) Permission for Acquisition of Status of Residence

## (Article 22-2 of the Immigration Control Act)

If a foreign national who was born in Japan, an individual who became a foreign national after renouncing Japanese nationality, or a United States of America military personnel member stipulated in Article 1 of the Status of Forces Agreement between Japan and the United States of America who lost the status wishes to continue living in Japan, he/she must acquire a status of residence.

The number of such foreign nationals who obtained permission for acquisition of status of residence was 8,680 in 2007. (Table 8)

## (4) Re-entry Permission (Article 26 of the Immigration Control Act)

If a foreign national who resides in Japan wishes to temporarily depart and re-enter Japan, he/she may re-enter and land in Japan using his/her current status of residence and period of stay without re-applying for a visa by receiving re-entry permission in advance.

In 2007, the number of such foreign nationals who obtained re-entry permission was 588,439. (Table 8)

## (5) Permission to Engage in an Activity Other Than Those Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted (Article 19(2) of the Immigration Control Act)

A foreign national who is granted a status of residence according to the activities in which he/she is engaged in Japan must receive permission to engage in an activity other than
those permitted by the status of residence previously granted if the foreign national wishes to become engaged in activities “related to the management of business involving income or activities for which he/she receives remuneration which are not included in those activities under his/her category of status of residence”. A typical example is that of a foreign national college student or pre-college student who wishes to have a part-time job. The Minister of Justice will give permission to the extent that the extra activity does not interfere with the activity that is the original purpose of residence.

The number of foreign nationals who obtained such permission in 2007 was 119,145.(Table 8)

## (6) Permission for Permanent Residence (Article 22 of the Immigration Control Act)

The status of permanent residence is granted when certain conditions have been satisfied by foreign nationals who reside in Japan under another status of residence and who have applied for change of status of residence to permanent residence or by those who have applied to acquire status of residence due to birth or renouncement of Japanese nationality.

The number of foreign nationals who were granted permission for permanent residence was 46,171 in 2003, followed by a record high of 60,509 in 2007 due to an increase in the number of newly entering foreign nationals and due to the recent trend for foreign nationals to settle down and stay longer. (Table 13)

Table 13 Changes in permanent residence permits by nationality (place of origin)

(Cases)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	46,171	48,263	39,256	51,538	60,509
China	13,987	14,855	11,404	13,744	15,875
Brazil	10,894	10,789	10,026	16,055	19,793
Philippines	6,972	7,563	6,044	7,554	8,723
Korea	3,345	3,671	2,939	3,368	3,788
Peru	3,381	3,275	2,449	2,878	3,241
Others	7,592	8,110	6,394	7,939	9,089
# Section 1 ♦ Foreign Nationals Violating the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act

## 1 The Total Number of Overstayers

Based on the computer statistics of the Immigration Bureau, the estimated number of overstayers (those who illegally stay in Japan beyond the permitted period of stay without obtaining permission for extension or change of status of residence) was 149,785 as of January 1, 2008. This number has been steadily decreasing, down by 21,054 (12.3%) from 170,839 on January 1, 2007, in other words, down by 148,861 (49.8%) from a record high of 298,646 on May 1, 1993.

This decrease was attributable partly to the conducting of strict immigration examinations, concentrated efforts for close cooperation with other related agencies to detect violators of the Immigration Control Act and active performing of publicity activities to prevent illegal employment, as well as the fact that the year 2007 was the fourth year of the five-year plan to halve the number of illegal foreign residents implemented by the Immigration Bureau.

In addition to the above-mentioned number of overstayers, it is estimated that about 24,000 foreign nationals may have entered Japan illegally. If combined, the number of illegal foreign residents would be about 174,000.

## (1) The Number of Overstayers by Nationality (Place of Origin)

According to the statistics by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of overstayers was from R.O. Korea (31,758 accounting for 21.2% of the total) as of January 1, 2007. This was followed by China (25,057 accounting for 16.7%), the Philippines (24,741 accounting for 16.5%), Thailand (7,314 accounting for 4.9%), China (Taiwan)(6,031 accounting for 4.0%), (Indonesia (5,096 accounting for 3.4%), and Malaysia (4,804 accounting for 3.2%). (Chart 15, Table 14)

The changes in the number of overstayers by nationality (place of origin) were as follows. The number of overstayers from R.O. Korea has been consistently decreasing since January 1, 1999. The number of those from Thailand has steadily decreased since May 1, 1993. The number of those from Malaysia and Peru has also seen a decrease due to a measure to promote the acquisition of visas, which was taken on June 1, 1993 and on July 15, 1995 respectively. The number of those from China continued to decrease from 1994 until 2002. Then, it started to increase in 2003 and further increased in 2004, but it has also shown a decreasing trend since 2005. The number of overstayers from the Philippines has been
decreasing since 1998, but fluctuated between increasing and decreasing from 2003 to 2006, decreasing in 2007. The number of those from Indonesia had steadily increased since May 1, 1991, but has been on the decrease since 2005.

Table14 Changes in the estimated number of overstayers by major nationality (place of origin)

Date	May 1 1991	May 1 1992	May 1 1993	May 1 1994	May 1 1995	May 1 1996	January 1 1997	January 1 1998	January 1 1999	January 1 2000	January 1 2001	January 1 2002	January 1 2003	January 1 2004	January 1 2005	January 1 2006	January 1 2007	January 1 2008
Nationality (Place of Origin)	Total	159,828	278,892	298,646	293,800	286,704	284,500	282,986	276,810	271,048	251,697	232,121	224,067	220,552	219,418	207,299	193,745	170,839	149,785
R.O. Korea	25,848	35,687	39,455	43,369	47,544	51,580	52,387	52,123	62,577	60,693	56,023	55,164	49,874	46,425	43,151	40,203	36,321	31,758
China	17,535	25,737	33,312	39,738	39,511	39,140	38,296	37,590	34,800	32,896	30,975	27,582	29,676	33,522	32,683	31,074	27,698	25,057
Philippines	27,228	31,974	35,392	37,544	39,763	41,997	42,547	42,608	40,420	36,379	31,666	29,649	30,100	31,428	30,619	30,777	28,491	24,741
Thailand	19,093	44,354	55,383	49,992	44,794	41,280	39,513	37,046	30,065	23,503	19,500	16,925	15,693	14,334	12,787	10,352	8,460	7,314
China(Taiwan)	5,241	6,729	7,457	7,871	7,974	8,502	9,409	9,430	9,437	9,243	8,849	8,990	9,126	7,611	6,760	6,696	6,347	6,031
Indonesia	582	1,955	2,969	3,198	3,205	3,481	3,758	4,692	4,930	4,947	5,315	6,393	6,546	7,246	7,169	6,926	6,354	5,096
Malaysia	14,413	38,529	30,840	20,313	14,511	11,525	10,390	10,141	9,989	9,701	9,651	10,097	9,442	8,476	7,431	6,822	6,397	4,804
Peru	487	2,783	9,038	12,918	15,301	13,836	12,942	11,606	10,320	9,158	8,502	7,744	7,322	7,230	6,624	5,997	5,283	4,481
Sri Lanka	2,281	3,217	3,763	3,395	2,980	2,783	2,751	3,071	3,734	3,907	3,489	3,730	3,909	4,242	4,209	4,590	4,042	3,615
Viet Nam	1,061	821	852	869	453	448	231	731	880	1,092	1,550	2,021	2,697	3,582	3,916	4,071	3,959	3,362
Others	46,059	87,106	80,185	74,593	70,668	69,928	70,762	67,772	63,896	60,178	56,601	55,772	56,167	55,322	51,950	46,237	37,487	33,526

## (2) The Number of Overstayers by Status of Residence

The statistics of the estimated number of overstayers by status of residence immediately before their status of residence had expired showed the following: the largest number of overstayers had the status of residence of “Temporary Visitor” (102,069) accounting for 68.1% of the total. This is followed by “College Student” (6,667, accounting for 4.5%), “Entertainer”
(6,624, accounting for 4.4%), “Pre-college Student” (4,311, accounting for 2.9%), and “Trainee” (3,136, accounting for 2.1%). Compared with the same period of the previous year, the number of those who were granted the “Temporary Visitor” or “Entertainer” status decreased by 15,220 (down 13.0%) and by 1,538 (down 18.8%) respectively. The number of overstayers with the status of residence of “Temporary Visitor” has been on the decline since May 1, 1993, and those with the status of residence of “Entertainer” since May 1, 1994. The number of foreign residents with the status of residence of “Entertainer” started to rise on January 1, 2002 and kept increasing, but has been decreasing since January 2005. On the other hand, the number of foreign residents with the status of residence of “College Student” continued to increase from January 1, 2001, but has been decreasing since January 2006. (Table 15)

Table 15 Changes in the estimated number of overstayers by major status of residence

Date Status of Residence	January 1 2003	January 1 2004	January 1 2005	January 1 2006	January 1 2007	January 1 2008
Total	220,552	219,418	207,299	193,745	170,839	149,785
Temporary Visitor	155,498	150,326	139,417	134,374	117,289	102,069
Entertainer	5,450	6,672	8,173	7,628	7,448	6,667
College Student	11,770	11,974	11,319	10,052	8,162	6,624
Pre-college Student	9,779	9,511	8,506	7,307	5,281	4,311
Trainee	3,409	3,959	3,648	3,393	3,333	3,136
Others	34,646	36,976	36,236	30,991	29,326	26,978

# Section 2 ☐ Cases of Violation of the Immigration Control Act for Which Deportation Procedures Were Carried Out

## The Number of Cases of Violation of the Immigration Control Act by Grounds for Deportation

In 2007, the number of foreign nationals for whom deportation procedures were carried out on account of violating the Immigration Control Act was 45,502, a decrease of 10,908 from 2006. Of these, 9,695 were handed over to immigration inspectors as those subject to the departure order system, which was started according to the amended Immigration Control Act enforced in December 2004.

According to the statistics of the number of foreign nationals by grounds for deportation in 2007, the largest number of foreign nationals were deported for overstaying (35,417 accounting for 77.8%), followed by illegal entry (7,454 accounting for 16.4%), and then activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted (1,409 accounting for 3.1%). Overstayers continued to occupy a predominant percentage.
According to the statistics of the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act classified by nationality (place of origin) in 2007, the largest number of such foreign nationals was from China for five consecutive years (11,981 accounting for 26.3%), followed by the Philippines (9,185 accounting for 20.2%), and R.O. Korea (6,560 accounting for 14.4%). These top three countries made up over 60% of the total. (Tables 16 and 17)

Table 16 Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by grounds for deportation (People)

Year Grounds for Deportation	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	45,910	55,351	57,172	56,410	45,502
Illegal entry	9,251	11,217	11,586	10,441	7,454
Illegal landing	777	992	690	506	342
Activity other than those permitted	1,199	1,399	1,890	1,736	1,409
Overstay	34,266	41,175	42,254	42,829	35,417
Criminal offenses etc.	417	568	752	898	880
Illegal work	34,325	43,059	45,935	45,929	36,982

Table 17 Changes in the number of cases of violation of the Immigration Control Act by nationality (place of origin) (People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	45,910	55,351	57,172	56,410	45,502
China	12,382	15,702	17,252	16,269	11,981
Philippines	5,698	8,558	9,627	10,420	9,185
R.O. Korea	7,877	7,782	8,050	8,128	6,560
Thailand	2,993	3,572	3,388	3,294	2,467
Viet Nam	1,567	2,103	2,000	2,443	2,153
Indonesia	579	979	1,130	1,407	1,571
Sri Lanka	806	1,086	1,204	1,624	1,449
Peru	1,103	1,292	1,194	1,306	1,068
Bangladesh	946	1,312	1,529	1,295	975
Malaysia	1,711	1,575	1,559	1,158	881
Others	10,248	11,390	10,239	9,066	7,212

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Among the foreign nationals violating the Act against whom deportation procedures were carried out in 2007, the number of those who illegally worked in Japan was 36,982, accounting for 81.3% of the total. (Tables 16 and 17)

Specific details for the cases are given below with respect to each of the grounds for deportation.

## (1) Illegal Entry

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2007, the number of foreign nationals who illegally entered Japan without valid passports or visas was 7,454, a decrease of 2,987 (down 28.6%) from 2006. It is considered
that the effects of measures to exclude them at the border have begun to materialize.

According to the statistics classified by nationality (place of origin), the largest number was from China (2,410 accounting for 32.3 % of the total), followed by the Philippines (1,624 accounting for 21.8 %), and Thailand (680 accounting for 9.1 %).

According to the statistics classified by means of transportation, the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for illegal entry by airplane in 2007 was 5,448, a decrease of 2,101 (down 27.8%) from 2006 while the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for illegal entry by ship decreased by 886 (down 30.6%) from 2006 to 2,006 in 2007. (Tables 18 and 19 and 20)

Table 18 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by nationality (place of origin)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	9,251	11,217	11,586	10,441	7,454
China	4,077	4,588	4,960	3,999	2,410
Philippines	1,385	1,955	2,074	2,059	1,624
Thailand	992	1,219	1,139	988	680
R.O. Korea	443	587	617	767	619
Iran	449	425	402	432	382
Bangladesh	433	626	646	486	349
Indonesia	127	148	172	232	281
Peru	247	331	255	299	243
Sri Lanka	115	119	128	181	151
Pakistan	317	334	300	261	141
Others	666	885	893	737	574

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

Table 19 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by airplane classified by nationality (place of origin) (People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	6,694	7,848	8,065	7,549	5,448
Philippines	1,275	1,825	1,927	1,956	1,519
China	2,317	2,295	2,570	2,088	1,215
Thailand	948	1,165	1,065	934	633
Iran	359	343	340	369	323
R.O. Korea	330	412	388	415	318
Others	1,465	1,808	1,775	1,787	1,440

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.
Table 20 Changes in the number of cases of illegal entry by ship classified by nationality (place of origin) (People)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	2,557	3,369	3,521	2,892	2,006
China	1,760	2,293	2,390	1,911	1,195
R.O. Korea	113	175	229	352	301
Bangladesh	232	352	348	232	194
Philippines	110	130	147	103	105
Iran	90	82	62	63	59
Others	252	337	345	231	152

(*) "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (2) Illegal Landing

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2007, the number of those who illegally landed in Japan without obtaining permission for landing and so forth from an immigration inspector was 342, a decrease of 164 (down 32.4%) from 2006. This accounted for 0.8% of the total number of foreign nationals violating the Act, and the proportion has maintained a similar level since 2002. (Table 21)

Table 21 Changes in the number of cases of illegal landing by nationality (place of origin)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	777	992	690	506	342
China	390	432	374	231	137
Sri Lanka	17	64	38	33	38
Philippines	23	54	29	10	26
Turkey	6	18	5	45	19
Myanmar	33	77	43	31	16
Russia	42	56	33	10	15
R.O. Korea	45	40	23	22	15
Thailand	29	49	32	21	11
China(Taiwan)	10	11	8	8	8
Indonesia	3	7	4	12	7
Pakistan	20	28	17	5	7
Others	159	156	84	78	43

$ ^{*} $ “China” does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (3) Overstay

Among the foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for violating the Act in 2007, the number of those who had stayed beyond the authorized period of stay decreased by 7,412 (down 17.3%) from 2006 to 35,417.

According to the statistics classified by nationality (place of origin), the largest number of
such foreign nationals was from China (8,811 accounting for 24.9%), followed by the Philippines (7,136 accounting for 20.1%), R.O. Korea (5,484 accounting for 15.5%), Indonesia (1,837 accounting for 5.2%), and Thailand (1,728 accounting for 4.9%). (Table 22)

Table 22 Changes in the number of cases of overstay by nationality (place of origin)

YearNationality(Place of Origin)	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Total	34,266	41,175	42,254	42,829	35,417
China	7,429	10,197	11,301	11,295	8,811
Philippines	3,879	5,949	6,583	7,879	7,136
R.O. Korea	7,099	6,837	6,959	6,847	5,484
Indonesia	1,419	1,896	1,779	2,074	1,837
Thailand	1,947	2,267	2,166	2,232	1,728
Viet Nam	528	897	1,021	1,300	1,435
Sri Lanka	670	875	1,028	1,391	1,244
Malaysia	1,639	1,509	1,490	1,095	846
Peru	816	917	919	971	792
Bangladesh	507	659	858	785	605
Others	8,333	9,172	8,150	6,960	5,499

(*) "China" does not include Taiwan, Hong Kong or others.

## (4) Activities Other Than Those Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted

If a foreign national residing in Japan exclusively engages in work or engages in activities other than those permitted for his/her status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission, the foreign national will be deported from Japan by reason of engaging in activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted. The number of such foreign nationals had decreased by 327 (down 18.8%) from 2006 to 1,409 in 2007.

Many illegal foreign workers were those who entered Japan with the status of residence of “Temporary Visitor” and subsequently engaged in activities which were not permitted under this status. However, if they stay beyond their authorized period of stay, they will be treated as overstayers. As a result, the number of overstayers was much larger than the number of foreign nationals against whom deportation procedures were carried out for activities other than those permitted by the status of residence previously granted without obtaining the required permission. (Table 23)