## (2) Monitoring

— Monitoring of project implementation and progress will be upgraded and strengthened. When problems arise during implementation, efforts will be made to achieve the expected results by utilizing various available forms of assistance and by ensuring their coordination.

## (3) Ex-Post Evaluation

— Ex-post evaluation of completed projects, including identification and assessment of environmental impact, will be conducted in as many cases as possible, with results being made public.

— To improve the objectivity of the evaluation process, evaluations by experts, NGOs, other third parties, and persons from recipient countries evaluations will be expanded.

— In addition to determining whether a project purpose has been achieved, an evaluation will be directed at the impact on local and regional communities, the environment, and macroeconomic conditions.

— Follow-up actions will be taken as required by evaluation results. Efforts will be made to provide feedback on the evaluation results so that relevant lessons can be incorporated into future project formulation.

— Efforts will be made to create better evaluation systems by developing and introducing effective evaluation methods corresponding to the specific features of assistance projects.

### 3. Human Resources for Development Cooperation

Successful implementation of assistance ultimately depends on the skills of people. Thus, the availability and utilization of individuals with appropriate skills stands as extremely important requirement for the efficient implementation of assistance. Efficient implementation should involve both the employment of experts with outstanding knowledge and skills in specific fields and undertakings, and the use of local experts with specialized knowledge of local conditions. Furthermore, it is necessary to maintain effective communications and collaborate with personnel on project sites, local executing agencies, and educational institutions.

In light of the above, due attention will be paid to the following points.

— Further efforts will be made to train human resources for development. Personnel exchanges with other donor countries and with international organizations will be promoted, including the dispatch of personnel to international organizations and joint participation in studies. Likewise, personnel exchanges among implementing agencies and educational institutions will be promoted.

— In order to respond more effectively to the growing diversity of demand for assistance and changes in forms and methods of assistance, efforts will be made to train and support individuals with high levels of expertise. University and graduate school internship programs will be utilized for this purpose and the mutual recognition of academic credits among development-related courses will be promoted.

— To ensure access to experts with specialized knowledge and skills, the public recruitment of experts will be stepped up and larger numbers of personnel will be recruited from local governments, NGOs, universities, and other institutions.

— Active use will be made of private-sector consultants and, where necessary, efforts will be made to strengthen their skills.