## Column

## Japan's Technologies

Japan’s technologies are summarized in the table below. Countries have different cultures and lifestyles, and it is possible that systems that work in Japan may not function in the same way in other countries. However, this table will serve as a reference when expansion of Japan’s venous industries to other countries is being considered.

List of Japan's Leading Technologies

Night-soil treating technologies	Johkaso (private sewerage system)
Sewerage
Collection and transport technologies	Garbage truck
Intermediate processing technology such as incineration	Incinerator	Type of operation	Batch furnaceSemi-continuous furnaceContinuous furnace
Furnace-type	Stoker typeFluid-bed typeFixed-bed typeRotating type
Gasification melting furnace	Kiln typeFluid-bed typeShaft-furnace type
Sorting technology
Water-removal technology

Final disposal technology	Isolated-type final landfill site
Landfill site for stable industrial waste (non-leachate-controlled type)
Controlled-type landfill site
Recycling technology	See “Examples of Recycling Technologies” 2nd table in the Column
Reduce/reuse technology	Resource conservation
Extension of life-span
Design for Environment (DfE)
Remediation technology	Mercury
Dioxins
PCB
Asbestos
Infectious waste

Source: Created by the Ministry of the Environment, using information from the Annual Report on the Environment and the Sound Material-Cycle Society in Japan 2007

## Examples of recycling technologies

Recyclable resources	Recycling technologies	Recycled goods
Container and packaging	Glass jar	Culletization	Glass container, glass fiber, ceramic product, civil engineering and construction material, etc.
Plastic bottles	Pelletization and flaking	Fiber, sheet, plastic bottle, plastic product, etc.
Paper container	Use as paper material, etc.	Recycled paper, etc.
Plastic container	Material recycling
Use as blast furnace reduction agents
Use as coke furnace
chemical raw material
Oil reclamation
Gasification	Pellet, plastic board, recycled resin, civil engineering and construction material, material for gardening and agriculture, daily goods, etc.
Blast furnace reduction agents
Coke, hydrocarbon oil, gas of which the main ingredient is hydrogen or carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon oil
Gas of which the main ingredient is hydrogen or carbon monoxide
Foam polystyrene food container	Pelletization	Plastic products such as foam polystyrene food containers
Food waste	Food waste	Composing, use as feed, raw materials for other products, and methane fermentation	Fertilizer, feed, fuel, reduction agent, fat, oil products, ethanol, methane
Waste electronic equipment	Air-conditioners, TVs, refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, clothes dryers, personal computers, copy machines, cellular telephones, etc.	Separation, crushing, granulating, smelting, etc.	Iron, nonferrous metals, raw materials for plastic, etc.
Waste plastic	Vinyl waste	Dissolution, residue separation, drying	Recycled vinyl materials, (agricultural vinyl film, electric cables, waste materials, water-proof sheet)
Mixes with wood	Extrusion molding, stirring/molding	Construction materials, recycled board
Waste plastic	Use as petrochemical raw material
Wood waste	Wood Waste (disconnected fiber)	Needle machine formation	Flexible mat
Adhesion by stream-heat processing, formation	Embossed mat
Carboning technology	Under-floor humidity-buffer board, high-grade coal
Waste paper	Newspaper	Convert into fiber	Insulation materials for construction
Paper sludge	Drying, granulation	Anti-forming agent for iron-making process
Disposable diaper	Water solubilization	Raw materials for disposable diapers, soil conditioner
Waste paper that is difficult to recycle	Dissolution, drying, foreign matter removal, bleaching	Toilet paper
Waste tires / rubber scraps	Waste tire	Thermal decomposition	Gas, pyrolysis oil
Rubber scrap	Kneading, molding process	Intermediate raw materials for rubber products
Waste rubber	Recycling, molding	Rubber mat

Source: Ministry of the Environment