Silviase/jgov_v1.4_full_ann huggingface dataset:
Figure 4-3-10 An Example of the Uniform Energy-Saving Label

• This information is provided so as to make energy consumption efficiency (e.g. annual energy consumption) comprehensible. Electricity costs are calculated at 22 yen (tax included) per 1kWh, based on the Home Appliances Fair Trade Conference's "Revised Reference Unit Price of Electric Charges."

environmental management systems, environmental performance assessment and environmental reporting. Eco Action 21 is designed to enable even small- and medium-sized commercial businesses to promote environmentally-oriented commercial practices voluntarily and actively, and to release the result of the activities as an “environmental activities report.” In 2009 a revised version of the “Eco Action 21 Guidelines 2009” was released with more easy-to-understand details, for further promotion.

In addition to this Eco Action 21, there are also the international standards such as ISO14001 and other environmental management systems established by local governments, NPOs and intermediary corporations.

In order to establish a sustainable society, it is necessary for all parties to make active efforts for the environment. Businesses should use such environmental management systems to incorporate consideration of the environment, such as conservation of energy and resources, and reduction of waste, in to all of their business activities, including products and services.

### F. Programme to Promote Eco-Leasing for Households and Businesses

When trying to reduce emissions greatly in the households, commercial, and transport sectors, one of the obstacles that residences and small- and mid-size companies face in particular is the burden of a large initial investment (down payment) that comes along with the introduction of low-carbon equipment. To counter this situation, beginning in FY 2011 the Ministry of the Environment is introducing a method of leasing with no down payment, to promote the use of low-carbon equipment in houses and small- and mid-size companies (Figure 4-3-12). Specifically, the government provides financial support for part of the lease payments.

Low-carbon equipment that contributes to $ CO_{2} $ emission

Figure 4-3-11 Eco Action 21 procedural flow

reduction while in use, such as roof-mounted solar panels for residences, and high-efficiency equipment (e.g. high-efficiency boilers, air-conditioners, and refrigerators and freezers) for businesses, is eligible for the subsidy. Through this support, the further spread of low-carbon equipment is expected.

Promotion of environmental measures that utilize lease businesses can be considered as a new approach of environmental finance different from loans and investment.

In addition to contributing to global warming mitigation, this program is also targeted at the improvement of daily life, price reduction of low-carbon equipment due to greater demand, expansion of domestic demand,
and revitalization of industries. As a positive economic impact, it is expected that this would lead to the purchase of equipment and facilities worth about 65 billion yen, a reduction of 260,000 tons of $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and jobs for 2,000 people.

### G. Promotion of Eco-Diagnosis in Residences

In “The New Growth Strategy: Blueprint for Revitalizing Japan,” Cabinet decision in June 2010, the “environmental concierge system” was introduced. In order for households to effectively reduce their $ CO_{2} $ emissions, it will be necessary not only to promote the purchase and installation of low-carbon equipment but also to provide appropriate advice on using it to the individuals having high interest. Comparing with other residences and realizing their potential for reduction, they can connect their “awareness” to “actions,” Also, if people can take measures that suit their own lifestyles, they will feel more comfortable in their living space and appreciate other improvements in the quality of their daily lives, and that will encourage them to voluntarily switch to a low-carbon lifestyle.

At present, some local governments, organizations, and commercial businesses are currently making such efforts, but those activities are not necessarily expanding. It is important to take the first steps of verifying and diffusing the effects of such diagnosis and ensuring the neutrality and credibility of the diagnosis. The Ministry of the Environment is now planning on establishing an infrastructure to initiate and promote an environmental concierge system: supporting the development of a tool of “Eco-Home Diagnosis” that will provide individual residences with detailed advice about low-carbon actions, conducting verifications through a pilot diagnosis system with consideration given for the characteristics of climate and residence, establishing manuals for providing information, and establishing a certified concierge system (Figure 4-3-13).

## (2) Regional Actions towards Low-Carbon Societies

The $ CO_{2} $ emissions in the private/commercial sectors (office and residential sectors) in FY 2009 had increased by approximately 30% compared to the base year of the Kyoto Protocol (Figure 4-3-14). Also, the $ CO_{2} $ emissions in the private/commercial sectors were approximately one-third of the total emissions in Japan, and suppressing such emissions in the private sector is important in the pursuit of a low-carbon society. In addition, the $ CO_{2} $ emissions in the energy conversion and transport sectors increased by approximately 18% and 6% respectively, compared to the base year. The $ CO_{2} $ emissions in the energy conversion and transport sectors made up approximately 7% and 20% respectively of the total

Figure 4-3-13 Outline of Project for Developing Infrastructure for Home-Eco Diagnosis

- consideration of establishment of a certified concierge system etc.

Development of infrastructure for promoting detailed diagnosis that ensures neutrality and credibility by national government
Nakatsugawa City is surrounded by mountains with a lot of rivers, subsoil water, and groundwater, it is utilizing its geographical characteristics for geothermal heat, which is an unused energy. Similar to the heat transportation containers, the geothermal heat pump system involves the utilization of thermal heat at the city's public hospital facilities, proceeding with verification of the reduction of $ CO_{2} $ emissions.

included a project producing a verification method of $ CO_{2} $ reduction introducing advanced technologies, such as renewable energy and heat delivery systems, and efforts have been made optimizing the regional characteristics.

Other efforts towards low-carbon regions include the systems of Environmental Model Cities Plans and “Environmental Future Cities.”

In FY 2008, thirteen cities were selected as “environmental model cities” to set high targets for significant reductions of greenhouse gases and to take on the challenge of advanced efforts. The concept is to support the fulfillment of those targets and expand such outstanding efforts throughout the country.

The “environmental future cities” concept is one of the

## An Environmental Model City that Uses Biomass Resources - Yusuhara Town

One of the environmental model cities introduced in this sub-section is Yusuhara Town of Kochi Prefecture, selected as a model city for building a low-carbon city using biomass resources. Yusuhara Town has a population of less than 5,000, and the population's aging rate is approximately 40%, but because residents have a high awareness about the environment and there are many resident-led efforts and proposals, efforts for the environment are thriving.

The main pillar of Yusuhara Town’s policies is “building a mountain village-style low-carbon society.” They have been introducing wind and solar power, nurturing forests as sources for $ CO_{2} $ absorption and conducting forest aiding thinning using profits from selling electricity, and promoting FSC certification for their forests even before the town was selected as

Source: Yusuhara Town
## Column

## Replacing Oil Resources with Algae

At an international academic conference on algae in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, in December 2010, University of Tsukuba Professor Makoto Watanabe reported that they have discovered a type of algae called Aurantiochytrium that produces a hydrocarbon (squalene), which is suitable as a substitute for crude oil. Earlier, there were a number of studies on the generation of hydrocarbon by algae but they had mainly focused on Botryococcus braunii. Aurantiochytrium produces a kind of crude oil with an efficiency 10 to 12 times greater than that of Botryococcus braunii, and it is drawing attention as a new biomass energy.

Botryococcus braunii grow through photosynthesis, but aurantiochytrium are “heterotrophic algae” that do not conduct photosynthesis, therefore they do not need light but only nutrients in order to grow. There are research projects that make use of each advantage and develop efficient cultivation systems. For example, there are feasibility studies in progress to determine whether cultivation of aurantiochytrium and botryococcus braunii can be integrated with the wastewater treatment system. In a typical water treatment process, primary organic wastewater contains a lot of dissolved organic materials, with which it is possible to produce aurantiochytrium. Further, the secondary wastewater of the water treatment process contains nitrogen and phosphorous, nutrients with which it is possible to increase the production efficiency of botryococcus braunii. By integrating oil-producing algae with the wastewater treatment process, it is possible to build a system that conducts “waste water treatment” and “oil production” at the same time.

The efficient production of aurantiochytrium and botryococcus braunii, integrated with existing systems, will improve profitability and increase the possibility of practical application. It is anticipated that these algae will create new types of domestically produced biomass energy that will contribute to a low-carbon society.

Aurantiochytrium being cultured

Outline of wastewater treatment and algae biomass production

Diagram and photographs provided by Professor Makoto Watanabe, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba.
its future. In order to promote such efforts, Japan is sending its experts to inefficient coal-fired power plants in China and India to examine facilities and provide advice in order to improve efficiency and reduce $ CO_{2} $

Figure 4-3-21 Efficiency of Coal-fired Power Production

Source: ECOFYS "International Comparison of Fossil Power Efficiency and CO₂" intensity (September 2010, v.2.0)

emissions.

Efforts are also being made to establish technologies for advanced supercritical pressure power generation, integrated gasification combined power, and $ CO_{2} $ capture and storage (CCS). Advanced supercritical pressure cycle generation is a technology that improves the power generation efficiency of current pulverized coal-fired power generation by making it high-temperature and high-pressure. Coal gasification combined power is a technology that turns coal into gas and conducts combined power generation by using gas turbines and steam turbines. CCS is a technology that controls release of $ CO_{2} $ in the atmosphere by breaking up and collecting $ CO_{2} $ from the emitted gas, and then storing or isolating it within the ground or in the ocean. It is anticipated that by combining such technologies it will be possible to achieve almost zero emissions of $ CO_{2} $ . Under the Fundamental Plan for Energy (approved by Cabinet in June 2010), Japan is aiming to bring about zero-emission coal-fired power generation that breaks up, collects, transports, and stores $ CO_{2} $ from coal-fired power generation. It is positioned as the venue for demonstrating domestic cutting-edge technology for coal-fired power, and is being introduced into other countries.

Figure 4-3-22 CO₂ Emissions Reduction by Technology (World)

Source : Created by the Ministry of the Environment, using information from the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan's "Asia/World Energy Outlook 2010"
Photograph provided by: Taiwan High Speed Rail

Figure 4-3-23 Comparative Superiority of the Shinkansen (Japan's bullet train)

Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism materials

its use in other countries and the development of Japan’s railroad industry will make even larger contributions to worldwide efforts against global warming.

### D. Global Expansion of Japanese Technologies through Collaboration with China

Japan’s private companies are expanding their technologies and systems that contribute to achieving a low-carbon society in China. At the 5th Japan-China Comprehensive Forum on Energy Conservation and the Environment, held in 2010, they agreed to cooperate in 44 projects, which is the largest number in history. Other than energy conservation, the projects included more efforts in environmental fields such as wastewater and sludge treatment, smart grids and smart communities, and recycling for the first time.

One of the projects involved the cooperation between a Japanese private-sector company and the City of Dalian in China in relation to a smart grid. For this matter, collaboration was made in order to create an advanced smart community in the “Dalian Eco-Tech Innovation City” that is being developed in Ganjingzi Ward, Dalian. Specifically, they will give a review with partners such

Photograph provided by: Hitachi, Ltd.

Photograph 4-3-5 Nose-shape wind tunnel experiment

Source: Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tokai)'s Environment Report 2010

as Chinese companies on collaborative development and demonstration experiments for energy management of buildings and houses. They will also conduct collaborative investigations and reviews with those partners in order to efficiently control energy in the region and realize green electric power management (e.g. stabilization technology for electric power systems) (Figure 4-3-24).

Under this collaboration between Japanese private-sector companies and the City of Dalian, they also agreed to collaborate in the field of water, and to jointly promote the “intelligent water city” model project to improve efficiency of recycled water including water supply, sewage systems, industrial wastewater treatment, and reuse. Specifically, they have agreed to launch a project of desalination of seawater in order to supply industrial water in the Changxing Island Harbor Industrial Zone, Dalian, and to begin the reviews for a project to treat and reuse industrial wastewater. They also agreed to conduct the necessary studies and experiments in Dalian’s urban areas in order to realize advanced use of water in fields such as water treatment, water distribution management, treatment of industrial wastewater, treatment of polluted water, and monitoring of river pollution (Figure 4-3-25). Under its 12th five-year plan that begins in 2011, China is working to improve treatment capabilities for polluted water in cities, make preparations for water purification facilities, with a target of an 85% treatment ratio for sewage, and improve water quality through strengthening of regulations. In the
Figure 4-3-24 Diagram of a Smart Grid-Related System

future, the environmental cooperation between China and Japan will be further expanded through the efforts of Japan's private companies that have competitiveness in environment fields.

In addition, Japan and China are cooperating to conduct a technology demonstration project for a "new traffic information system" that comprehensively manages energy conservation and $ CO_{2} $ through the combination of a service system that utilizes communication technology and a system for verification. This is being conducted by Japanese private-sector businesses commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) and the Beijing Municipal Traffic Committee. This demonstration project aims to introduce and encourage people to use the dynamic route guidance (DRGS) system and the Eco-drive Management System (EMS) that makes effective use of the existing road infrastructure, in order to address traffic jams and other environmental problems. Its aim is to make revolutionary changes to conserve energy by utilizing a variety of media such as vehicle-mounted devices, cellular phones, and computers, and incorporating a wide range of users (Figure 4-3-26).

China is currently facing environmental problems such as air and water pollution, and there are concerns that these factors may restrict the sustainable development of China’s economy. Therefore, the cooperation between Japan and China discussed above is desirable because both sides can enjoy advantages. Contributions will be made to create a sustainable society in China, and this will enable Japan to develop new energy-related markets.

As seen thus far, due to the efforts of private sector companies and the public sectors, Japan’s outstanding technologies and systems that contribute to the creation of a low-carbon society are expanding to other countries in various ways. It is likely that when Japan introduces infrastructure-related industries as systems to other countries in the future, it will be important to actively utilize the local labor force and also sufficiently provide necessary education. Through such opportunities it will be possible to spread Japan’s outstanding technologies along with the Japanese mindset, such as the mottainai principle, that is essential for bringing about a sustainable society. Deploying infrastructure-related industries as systems to other countries will not only contribute to Japan’s economy by simply expanding business markets, but will also spread Japan’s outstanding technologies and mindsets that are incorporated in those systems, and contribute to creating the world’s sustainable society (Figure 4-3-27).
Figure 4-3-26 Diagram of a Traffic Information System to be Studied Experimentally in Beijing, China

• Dynamic route guidance (DRGS): A mechanism to provide guidance for the fastest routes using high precision real-time traffic information. The data provided by DRGS is transmitted to in-vehicle devices via mobile phones.

Figure 4-3-27 Diagram of Exports of Japan's Environmental Technology Systems

## Conclusions

In Chapter 4 we looked at how a sustainable society is being recognized as a major international task and how efforts are actively being made. We also introduced that, in response to those trends, new technologies that will replace or control use of limited exhaustible resources are developed, and that the Green Innovation is taking place and a variety of responses such as system changes and support measures are implemented to promote the Green Innovation. In addition, we looked at Japan's advanced technologies and systems. Because they are expanded to other countries, they help to create a sound material-cycle and low-carbon society, and contribute to

creation of a global sustainable society.

It can be understood from these trends that, not only in Japan but also throughout the world, a major change that includes societal mechanisms is now taking place, mainly as a response to the task of realizing a sustainable society. It is likely that this will continue in the future as an international trend. In light of these circumstances, it is necessary to accelerate achieving a sustainable society in Japan. Expanding Japan’s outstanding environmental technologies to other countries will make international contributions.
平成14年度国の債権の現在額総報告

(第 159 回 国 会 提 出)
## 目次

平成14年度国の債権の現在額総報告 …… 1

平成14年度債権現在額総計算書 …… 5

一般会計債権現在額総計算書 …… 7

特別会計債権現在額総計算書 …… 13

総務省所管 …… 13

郵政事業 …… 13

郵便貯金 …… 15

簡易生命保険 …… 16

法務省所管 …… 19

登記 …… 19

財務省所管 …… 20

造幣局 …… 20

印刷局 …… 21

財政融資資金 …… 22

外国為替資金 …… 25
産業投資 …… 26
財務省、文部科学省及び
経済産業省所管 …… 34
電源開発促進対策 …… 34
財務省及び経済産業省所
管 …… 35
石油及びエネルギー需給
構造高度化対策 …… 35
財務省及び国土交通省所
管 …… 36
特定国有財産整備 …… 36
文部科学省所管 …… 37
国立学校 …… 37
厚生労働省所管 …… 39
厚生保険 …… 39
船員保険 …… 42
国立病院 …… 44
国民年金 …… 46
労働保険 …… 49
農林水産省所管 …… 52
食糧管理 …… 52
農業経営基盤強化措置 …… 54
国有林野事業 …… 55
国営土地改良事業 …… 57
経済産業省所管 …… 58
貿 易 再 保 険 58
特 許 59
国 土 交 通 省 所 管 60
自動車損害賠償保障事業 60
道 路 整 備 61
治 水 63
港 湾 整 備 66
自 動 車 檢 查 登 錄 68
都市開発資金融通 69
空 港 整 備 70
一般会计債権現在額総計算書(徵収停止分) 72
寺別会計債権現在額総計算書(徵収停止分) 74
総 務 省 所 管 74
郵 政 事 業 74
厚 生 労 働 省 所 管 75
労 働 保 険 75
農 林 水 産 省 所 管 76
食 糧 管 理 76
国 有 林 野 事 業 77
国 土 交 通 省 所 管 78
自動車損害賠償保障事業 78
## (参考)

債権現在額総計表 …… 80
債権現在額総計表(徵収停止分) …… 81
# 平成14年度国の債権の現在額総報告

平成14年度末における

国の債権の現在額は

345,999,071,930,506 円

である。

上記の債権現在額の大要は次のとおりであり、その会計別及び種類別の内訳は「債権現在額総計算書」のとおりである。

1 平成14年度末における債権現在額(国の債権の管理等に関する法律(昭和31年法律第114号。以下「法」という。)第21条の規定により徴収停止の措置をとったものを除く。)

(1) 一般会計

(イ) 所 管 別

所 管	履行期限到来額(円)	履行期限未到来額(円)	計 (円)	所 管	履行期限到来額(円)	履行期限未到来額(円)	計 (円)
国 会	290,020	6,917,838	7,207,858	財 務 省	6,069,064,285,940	5,971,062,472,467	12,040,126,758,407
裁 判 所	263,710,602	112,460,790	376,171,392	文 部 科 学 省	1,718,098	1,965,566,427,081	1,965,568,145,179
会 計 検 查 院	23,864	0	23,864	厚 生 労 働 省	699,366,374	153,881,451,398	154,580,817,772
内 閣	142,465	190,394,119	190,536,584	農 林 水 産 省	153,207,325	3,029,804,079	3,183,011,404
内 閣 府	4,081,630,996	1,363,931,090	5,445,562,086	經 济 産 業 省	235,263,422	459,588,550,767	459,823,814,189
総 務 省	604,119,776	187,247,990	791,367,766	国 土 交 通 省	663,344,946	3,272,269,296	3,935,614,242
法 務 省	115,091,966	417,650,405	532,742,371	環 境 省	489,013,561	0	489,013,561
外 務 省	1,824,512,363	122,000	1,824,634,363	合 計	6,078,195,721,718	8,558,679,699,320	14,636,875,421,038
(口) 歳入、歳入外及び資金の別
区 分	履行期限到来額(円)	履行期限未到来額(円)	計 (円)
歳 入	12,766,610,353	2,643,687,601,841	2,656,454,212,194
歳 入 外	1,882,271	434,270	2,316,541
資 金	6,065,427,229,094	5,914,991,663,209	11,980,418,892,303
合 計	6,078,195,721,718	8,558,679,699,320	14,636,875,421,038
(2) 特 別 会 計
会 計	履行期限到来額(円)	履行期限未到来額(円)	計 (円)	会 計	履行期限到来額(円)	履行期限未到来額(円)	計 (円)
郵 政 事 業	85,392,497,756	15,599,496,604	100,991,994,360	国 立 学 校	8,539,264,706	3,931,606,355	12,470,871,061
郵 便 貯 金	0	12,314,409,244,142	12,314,409,244,142	厚 生 保 険
簡 易 生 命 保 険	213,202,408,475	41,414,287,738,580	41,627,490,147,055	健 康 勘 定	182,737,550,965	6,891,190	182,744,442,155
登 記	502,244,038	535,187,797	1,037,431,835	年 金 勘 定	433,180,432,829	32,692,283,291,904	33,125,463,724,733
造 幣 局	5,484,236	0	5,484,236	児 童 手 当 勘 定	3,340	0	3,340
印 刷 局	1,254,470	950,123,521	951,377,991	業 務 勘 定	99,247,115,413	21,568	99,247,136,981
財 政 融 資 資 金	0	232,952,509,462,889	232,952,509,462,889	船 員 保 険	9,042,666,893	0	9,042,666,893
外 国 為 替 資 金	599,653	19,379,652,525	19,380,252,178	国 立 病 院
産 業 投 資	病 院 勘 定	4,897,055,032	61,797,214	4,958,852,246
産 業 投 資 勘 定	0	19,462,450,000	19,462,450,000	療 養 所 勘 定	1,826,808,892	19,245,012	1,846,053,904
社会資本整備勘定	0	884,256,995,713	884,256,995,713	国 民 年 金
電 源 開 発 促 進 对 策	基 礎 年 金 勘 定	2,810,219,094	0	2,810,219,094
電 源 多 様 化 勘 定	1,469,000	0	1,469,000	国 民 年 金 勘 定	2,129,012,654,616	2,585,915,395,873	4,714,928,050,489
石油及びエネルギー需給構造高度化対策	福 祉 年 金 勘 定	705,717,864	34,333	705,752,197
業 務 勘 定	676,985	0	676,985
石油及びエネルギー需給構造高度化対策	4,912,669	0	4,912,669	労 働 保 険
石 炭 勘 定	32,455,920	0	32,455,920	労 働 保 険	15,194,766,275	289,287,169	15,484,053,444
特 定 国 有 財 産 整 備	0	278,828,440	278,828,440	雇 用 勘 定	5,246,892,427	25,420,298	5,272,312,725