# Comparison of the Export Shares of Waste and Recycling Industries in the World and in Asia

A comparison of the world’s export shares in the waste and recycling industries shows that Japan is competing for shares with the US and EU countries such as Italy and the UK.

Source: "U.S. Environmental Industry Export Competitiveness in Asia," United States-Asia Environmental Partnership, 2001

Table 4-2-1 Main Asian Countries' Waste and Recycling Policies, and Volumes of Waste

Item	China	Thailand	Malaysia
Basic laws, policies, etc. for the overall environment	Environmental Protection Law (1989) Ratified the Basel Convention (1991) Environmental Impact Assessment Law (2002) Formulation of a "15" (10th 5-Year) Plan for collection and use of renewable resources (2001) In principle, imports of waste electric and electronic equipment are prohibited.	Industrial, Estate Authority of Thailand Act (1979) National Environmental Protection and Promotion Act (1992) Factory Act (1992) Hazardous Substance Act (1992) Ratified the Basel Convention (1997) Policy and Plan for Improving the Nation's Environmental Quality (1997 - 2016) National Plan for Integrated Waste Management (2003) Strategic Plan for Waste Electrical and Electronic Products (now being formulated) A permission system and import standards exist for import of electrical and electronic equipment.	Environmental Quality Act (formulated in 1974, revised in 1985, 1996, 2000, and 2001) Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations (formulated in 1989, revised in 2005) Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Scheduled Wastes Treatment and Disposal facilities) Order (formulated in 1989) Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Scheduled Wastes Treatment and Disposal facilities) Regulations (formulated in 1989) Joined the Basel Convention (1993) There is a permission system for imports of waste electrical and electronic equipment, and classification guidelines for used electrical and electronic products at the time of importing are being created.
Basic laws for policies on waste and recycling	Temporary provision on the development of general use of resources (1985) Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste (1995, revised in 2005) Regulations for management of recycling of package resources (1998) Clean Production Law (2003) Management Methods for Controlling Pollution by Electronic Information Products (2007) Circular Economy Promotion Law (2009) Ordinance on the collection, disposal, and management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (2009)	Law on promotion of the 3Rs (formulation being considered) Ministry of Industry Notification No. 6/1997 about waste disposal (1997) Ministry of Industry Notification No. 7/1998 about waste disposal (1998) Law for Promotion of Community Generated Hazardous Waste Management (now being formulated)	National Recycling Program (2000) National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management (2005) Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act (2007) Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation Act (2007) "Regulations for disposal and recycling of used electrical and electric equipment" (now being formulated)
Volume of municipal solid waste generated	155.768 million tons / year (volume emitted per person: 0.74kg / person per day), 2005	14.6 million tons / year (amount emitted per person: 0.64kg / person per day), 2006	6.972 million tons / year (amount emitted per person: 0.8kg / person per day), 2005
Item	Indonesia	Vietnam	Singapore
Basic laws, policies, etc. for the overall environment	Joined the Basel Convention (1993) Environment Management Act (1997) Environmental Protection and Management Act (No. 32 of 2010) In principle, imports of waste electrical and electronic equipment are prohibited.	Law on Environmental Protection (1994, revised 2005, No. 52 / 2005 /GH11) Joined the Basel Convention (1995) In principle, imports of waste electrical and electronic equipment are prohibited. Formulated the National Strategy for Integrated Solid Waste Management (2009)	Environmental Public Health Act (1969) Joined the Basel Convention (1996)
Basic laws for policies on waste and recycling	Article 53 in Governmental Regulation No.18/1999 JO/85/1999 on Hazardous Waste Management Minister of Public Works' Regulations on the National Strategies for the Development of Waste Management System (2006) Waste Management Law (No. 18 of 2008) Government Regulations on Waste Management (now being formulated)	Regulation on Management of Hazardous Wastes (Decision No. 1555 / 1999 / QD-TTg) (1999) Order on Management of Solid Wastes (Decree 59 / 2007 / ND-CP) (2007) Regulations on disposal and recycling of used electrical and electronic equipment (now under consideration)	Environmental Public Health Act (1969)
Volume of municipal solid waste generated	38.5 million tons / year (volume emitted per person: 0.43 (total) - 0.96 (municipal) kg / person per day), 2006	12.8 million tons / year (volume emitted per person: 0.4kg / person per day), 2003	5.01 million tons / year (volume emitted per person: 0.89kg / person per day), 2005