Siar-Akbayin/sat-history-multiple-choice huggingface dataset:
Question:  "The discovery of the New World resulted from the desire of many Europeans to"
 "(A) establish a place where they could practice their religion freely."
 "(B) find an all-water route to the East."
 "(C) end the practice of primogeniture."
 "(D) spread Christianity around the world."
 "(E) uplift and civilize other peoples of the world."
Answer:  "B"
Question:  "Which event was the most important cause of the Nullification Crisis?"
 "(A) The passage of the Force Act under Andrew Jackson"
 "(B) The debates between Robert Y. Hayne and Daniel Webster"
 "(C) The Treaty of Ghent after the War of 1812"
 "(D) The passage of the Compromise Tariff of 1833"
 "(E) The passage of the 1828 Tariff of Abominations"
Answer:  "E"
Question:  "Why did Stephen Douglas support the idea of Popular Sovereignty when designing the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?"
 "(A) It guaranteed that 'free soilers' could exclude slavery from Kansas and Nebraska."
 "(B) It was outlined in the Constitution as a method for creating new states."
 "(C) It guaranteed that pro-slavery settlers could expand slavery in Kansas."
 "(D) It seemed a fair way to resolve a difficult controversy."
 "(E) It let the Congress decide on slavery in the territories."
Answer:  "D"
Question:  "Which of the following developments is NOT associated with the Gilded Age?"
 "(A) Relations between workers and owners became increasingly contentious."
 "(B) African Americans’ migration to industrial cities led to 'white flight'."
 "(C) New inventions made communication between cities easier."
 "(D) Many industries came to be dominated by a small number of large companies."
 "(E) Corruption in politics became more public and widespread."
Answer:  "B"
Question:  "The publication of The Jungle contributed to rapid passage of the"
 "(A) Interstate Commerce Act."
 "(B) Wade-Davis Bill."
 "(C) Pure Food and Drug Act."
 "(D) 15th Amendment."
 "(E) Clayton Antitrust Act."
Answer:  "C"
Question:  "A philosophical basis of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal was the"
 "(A) philosophy of Herbert Hoover."
 "(B) practice of laissez-faire by the government."
 "(C) combination of relief
 recovery
 and reform."
Answer:  "(D) idea that wars end depression."
Question:  "In response to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931
 the United States"
 "(A) issued a document refusing to recognize Japanese actions as legitimate."
 "(B) called a special session of the League of Nations."
 "(C) sent General MacArthur to command U.S. forces in the Pacific."
 "(D) engaged in a policy of watchful waiting."
Answer:  "(E) sent the Panay
Question:  "During the years of Lyndon Johnson’s presidency
 all of the following were enacted EXCEPT"
 "(A) Medicare."
 "(B) Medicaid."
 "(C) the Elementary and Secondary Education Act."
 "(D) the Constitutional Amendment eliminating the poll tax."
Answer:  "(E) the Alliance for Progress."
Question:  "For which of the following ideas in the 1970s was Gloria Steinem most noted?"
 "(A) Sex has political aspects
 which can be seen in literary works by writers such as D. H. Lawrence and Norman Mailer."
 "(B) Women should convince men to help with the housework."
 "(C) Blacks and whites should have equality in the workplace."
 "(D) Women should have equal rights with men."
Answer:  "(E) The use of pesticides was harming the environment."
Question:  "An example of the change in U.S. policy toward Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War was best demonstrated by"
 "(A) increased aid given to North Vietnam by George H. W. Bush."
 "(B) trade restrictions placed on Vietnam by George W. Bush."
 "(C) recognition of the Vietnamese government by Richard Nixon."
 "(D) criticism of Vietnam for its human rights violations by Jimmy Carter."
 "(E) visits and trade talks conducted by Bill Clinton with Vietnamese leaders."
Answer:  "E"
Question:  "The New England colonists seemed to thrive in the early years of colonization as compared to the Southern colonists. The longer life spans and the overall growth of the population in New England have been attributed to the"
 "(A) participation of New Englanders in transatlantic trade."
 "(B) lack of slavery and indentured servitude in New England."
 "(C) strong religious beliefs and the family units with which they traveled to the New World."
 "(D) larger number of single men in the New England colonies."
 "(E) temperate climate of New England."
Answer:  "C"
Question:  "The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was significant because it"
 "(A) ended British control of the Ohio Valley."
 "(B) prohibited the extension of slavery into the Northwest Territory."
 "(C) prevented slavery north of the 36° 30’ north latitude line."
 "(D) secured peaceful relations between the colonists and the Native Americans."
 "(E) settled a dispute over the location of the boundary between Canada and the United States."
Answer:  "B"
Question:  "In the 1829 Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
 David Walker called for"
 "(A) the gradual abolition of slavery."
 "(B) a return to Africa for all African Americans."
 "(C) the immediate abolition of slavery and
 if necessary
Answer:  for slaves to kill their masters."
Question:  "Which of the following is an important reason the South lost the Civil War?"
 "(A) The South did not have enough guns to prevent the Union from overpowering it."
 "(B) Slaves ran away
 so there were fewer and fewer hands to do the work on the home front."
 "(C) The Union generals were better military men
 so they continually out-maneuvered the Southern forces."
Answer:  "(D) The South was unable to ship any cotton because the Union blockade was so effective."
Question:  "One reason Woodrow Wilson was able to win the presidency in 1912 was that"
 "(A) Americans rallied around him during World War I."
 "(B) a majority of African Americans voted for the Democratic Party."
 "(C) Wilson’s humble origins endeared him to working-class Americans."
 "(D) there was a major split in the Republican Party."
 "(E) his opponent died two weeks before the election."
Answer:  "D"
Question:  "Which of the following best describes the differences that existed between the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the 1930s?"
 "(A) The AFL had a huge membership
 while the CIO never developed a mass following."
 "(B) The AFL had its strength east of the Mississippi River
 while the CIO was strongest west of the Mississippi."
 "(C) The AFL was more cautious in its approach to conflicts with management
Answer:  while the CIO was willing to use more militant tactics
Question:  "In the “Letter from Birmingham Jail
” Martin Luther King Jr. discussed the 'strangely irrational notion that there is something in the flow of time that inevitably cures all ills. We must come to see that human progress never rolls on the wheels of inevitability.' Which of the following represents the main idea of the above excerpt?"
 "(A) Nonviolence is the key to success for the civil rights movement."
 "(B) The white moderates are obstacles to our victory."
 "(C) We must act now."
 "(D) Injustice must be eradicated everywhere."
Answer:  "(E) Breaking unjust laws is justified."
Question:  "The women’s movement that emerged in the 1970s was called the second wave of feminism because it"
 "(A) took its name from the title of a book by Simone de Beauvoir."
 "(B) built on the women’s movement of the 19th century."
 "(C) built on the women’s movement of the 1930s."
 "(D) took inspiration from the women’s movement in Europe."
 "(E) took its name from the title of a book by Kate Millett."
Answer:  "B"
Question:  "Ronald Reagan was called the 'Teflon president' because he"
 "(A) was the Great Communicator."
 "(B) told the truth without embellishment."
 "(C) always had everything under control."
 "(D) was never held responsible for the failures of his administration."
 "(E) did not need special handling."
Answer:  "D"
Question:  "Rhode Island and the Massachusetts Bay Colony differed in that Rhode Island"
 "(A) was a theocracy."
 "(B) was a royal colony."
 "(C) lacked religious freedom."
 "(D) practiced a policy of separation of church and state."
 "(E) was located in New England."
Answer:  "D"
Question: The First and Second Great Awakenings were similar in that both
 "(A) made use of revivals to attempt to convert the sinful."
 "(B) enforced the Puritan use of incense."
 "(C) encouraged long periods of silence during services so that the congregation felt the spirit of God."
 "(D) were purely American phenomena."
 "(E) employed deistic approaches to religious belief."
Answer:  "A"
Question: The implied powers clause of the U.S. Constitution was used to justify the
(A) suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794.
(B) addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution in 1791.
(C) signing of Jay’s Treaty with England in 1794.
 "(D) passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789."
(E) establishment of the Bank of the United States in 1791.
Answer:  "E"
Question: The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are similar in that all three
(A) extended voting to different groups in the United States.
(B) were ratified during the Civil War.
(C) expanded the rights of African Americans.
(D) were ratified despite opposition from the Republican Party.
 "(E) protected the rights of property holders."
Answer:  "C"
Question: Which of the following statements is consistent with the data in the graphs above and with trends in American history from 1865 to 1900?
(A) Mechanization greatly benefited farmers, as output of corn nearly tripled between 1865 and 1900.
(B) General Sherman’s march to the sea during the Civil War destroyed farming equipment, which led to a decline in corn prices after 1865.
(C) The Radical Republicans’ policy of giving freedmen 40 acres and a mule during Reconstruction led to excessive corn production.
(D) The inflationary policies of the government between 1865 and 1900 did not benefit farmers.
 "(E) Mechanization led to a glut of corn on the market and to reduced prices per bushel."
Answer:  "E"
Question: Wilson’s idea of a “peace without victory” failed to become a reality in the Treaty of Versailles because
(A) the Triple Alliance was totally responsible for the events leading to World War I.
(B) England and France wanted Germany to pay for starting the war.
(C) Wilson failed to pursue his ideas actively during the negotiations for the treaty.
(D) the League of Nations was not established.
 "(E) Germany refused to take part in the negotiations."
Answer:  "B"
Question: The use of the atomic bomb by the United States in 1945 was significant in that it
(A) hastened the end of World War II.
(B) caused the defeat of Harry Truman in the election of 1948.
 "(C) led to the formation of the United Nations."
(D) ushered in the computer age.
 "(E) was the direct cause of the Cold War."
Answer:  "A"
Question: Which of the following is a central argument of the 1958 book, The Affluent Society, by John Kenneth Galbraith?
(A) The key to economic growth is government noninterference in the economy.
(B) A small group of wealthy and influential Americans had managed to gain control of both the economy and the government.
(C) A Soviet-style command economy would best meet the needs of the majority of Americans.
(D) The United States should reinvigorate its agricultural sector with heavy subsidies to farmers and high tariffs on imported agricultural products.
 "(E) American society was ignoring social goods in the pursuit of private material gain."
Answer:  "E"
Question: All of the following Cold War ideas involved Europe EXCEPT
(A) the Truman Doctrine.
(B) the domino theory.
(C) Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD).
 "(D) containment."
(E) détente.
Answer:  "B"
Question: The election of Barack Obama as president was significant for all of these reasons EXCEPT that
(A) he was the first African American ever elected.
(B) he was the youngest president ever elected.
(C) he was the first senator to win an election since John F. Kennedy.
(D) he was the first candidate to utilize the full power of the Internet.
 "(E) it was the first time a sitting senator had defeated another sitting senator."
Answer:  "B"
Question: As a result of the French and Indian War, the American colonists developed a
(A) hostile attitude toward the Indians.
 "(B) greater sense of self-confidence."
 "(C) greater respect for the British."
(D) desire to create a strong army.
 "(E) desire to ally with Spain."
Answer:  "B"
Question: The beginnings of a uniquely American culture in the 1700s were seen in
(A) the success of the American generals who fought in the French and Indian War.
 "(B) John Locke’s views regarding human rights."
 "(C) the development of the belief in transcendentalism."
 "(D) the works of artists and poets like John Trumbull and Phillis Wheatley."
 "(E) the writing of the “Star-Spangled Banner” by Francis Scott Key."
Answer:  "D"
Question: The constitutionality of the Bank of the United States was upheld in the Supreme Court decision in the case of
(A) McCulloch v. Maryland.
 "(B) Marbury v. Madison."
 "(C) Plessy v. Ferguson."
 "(D) Dred Scott v. Sanford."
 "(E) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka."
Answer:  "A"
Question: An unintended consequence of the implementation of the 1862 Homestead Act was that
(A) very few people volunteered to participate in the program.
 "(B) much of the land that was intended for homesteading ended up in the hands of large agricultural firms."
 "(C) the land that was involved in the program was incapable of producing crops."
 "(D) the homesteaders often had clashes with Native Americans."
 "(E) corrupt politicians sold the best land to speculators."
Answer:  "B"
Question: Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were similar in that both were
(A) muckraking journalists who wrote articles that exposed government corruption.
 "(B) moralizing commentators who chastised the public for their vices."
 "(C) anti-imperialist editorial writers who pushed the United States in an isolationist direction."
 "(D) publishers who owned newspapers
 which sensationalized accounts of events."
Answer:  "(E) writers of non-English newspapers that appealed to recently arrived immigrants."
Question: There were protests against the “Palmer Raids” of the late 1910s and early 1920s on the grounds that they
(A) blurred the separation of church and state.
 "(B) discriminated against women."
 "(C) violated protections against unwarranted search and seizure."
 "(D) discriminated against African Americans."
 "(E) failed to protect the rights of Native Americans."
Answer:  "C"
Question: Which of the following was the reason the Supreme Court decided that prayers could not be required in public schools?
(A) Church membership had declined.
(B) Atheism had spread throughout American society.
(C) Prayer in public schools violated the 1st Amendment.
(D) Prayer in public schools would lead to a renewal of religious tests for public office.
 "(E) Americans no longer considered prayer to be important in their lives."
Answer:  "C"
Question: The main purpose of the Free Speech Movement of 1964 was to
(A) make unions more democratic and give workers more power.
(B) support the American Civil Liberties Union.
(C) remove the censorship from rock-and-roll lyrics.
 "(D) change radio programming."
 "(E) allow college students to support civil rights and political causes."
Answer:  "E"
Question: The high gasoline prices that occurred during the administration of Jimmy Carter caused
(A) deflation because the value of the dollar was falling.
(B) inflation because prices were rising and the value of the dollar was falling.
 "(C) depression because the bottom fell out of the stock market."
 "(D) stagnation because employment was so high."
 "(E) a rise in the value of the dollar because the prices were so high."
Answer:  "B"
Question: The fact that Spain, rather than its rival, Portugal, was the dominant power in the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries was largely the result of the
(A) fact that Spanish ships were faster than Portuguese ships.
 "(B) large numbers of Spanish settlers who arrived in the New World."
 "(C) Treaty of Tordesillas
 signed in 1494."
 "(D) success of Christopher Columbus in the New World."
Answer:  "(E) large treasury that had been accumulated by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella."
Question: The creation of the Electoral College and the indirect election of senators demonstrates that the framers of the Constitution were concerned with the
(A) effects of a strong central government.
 "(B) problems created by weak state governments."
 "(C) possibility of corruption in the election process."
 "(D) excesses of democracy."
 "(E) need to protect the rights of the majority."
Answer:  "D"
Question: The Northwest Ordinance and the Missouri Compromise of 1820 were similar in that both documents
(A) set guidelines on the number of new states to be established.
 "(B) admitted new states into the Union."
 "(C) established public schools in new territories."
 "(D) provided for the fair treatment of the Native American population."
 "(E) restricted slavery in areas yet to be admitted as states."
Answer:  "E"
Question: “The owner fed us regular on good food just like you would a good horse if you had one.”—An escaped slave (explaining why he ran away)
(A) the slave owner was a good master.
 "(B) he should be treated as more than a piece of property."
 "(C) if slaves are treated well
 they will be happy."
 "(D) his owner took proper care of his slaves."
Answer:  "(E) he was always satisfied as a slave."
Question: Which of the following quotes comes from Abraham Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address of March 1861?
(A) “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”
(B) “Government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth.”
(C) “Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable.”
(D) “You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors.”
 "(E) “With malice toward none and charity for all.”"
Answer:  "D"
Question: Most of the prominent labor battles of the late 19th century, such as the Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Pullman Strike of 1894, occurred in the aftermath of
(A) government recognition of workers’ right to organize unions.
 "(B) deadly accidents."
 "(C) production speedups."
 "(D) wage cuts."
 "(E) the formation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)."
Answer:  "D"
Question: After Spain’s defeat in the Spanish-American War in 1898, the Philippines
(A) became an independent republic with a democratic constitution.
 "(B) ceased to exist as a political entity
 becoming a string of independent islands."
 "(C) fought against the United States to gain independence but became a U.S. colony."
 "(D) stayed within the strategic orbit of Spain."
Answer:  "(E) became the first satellite nation of the Soviet Union."
Question: Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois differed in their approaches to addressing discrimination against African Americans. Which statement below best represents Washington’s position?
(A) “Since racial integration is not possible in the United States, African Americans should go back to Africa.”
(B) “The best way for African Americans to improve their position in society is to gain vocational training to obtain jobs in agriculture, crafts, and manufacturing.”
(C) “African Americans should engage in nonviolent civil disobedience to put pressure on the federal government to end discriminatory practices.”
(D) “African Americans should pursue equality ‘by any means necessary,’ including violence in self-defense.”
(E) “African Americans could best achieve their goals by running candidates for public office to vote out those who discriminate against them in state and federal government.”
Answer: B
Question: President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal programs, which were designed to end the Great Depression,
(A) were overwhelmingly effective in ending unemployment.
(B) had a limited effect on ending the Depression.
(C) led the United States into World War II.
(D) were strongly supported by the Supreme Court.
(E) led to the establishment of the Federal Reserve System.
Answer: B
Question: The Supreme Court’s decision in the case of Roe v. Wade was based on
(A) freedom of the press.
(B) the right of habeas corpus.
(C) executive privilege.
(D) the right to privacy.
(E) eminent domain.
Answer: D
Question: The adoption of the Barbados Slave Codes by South Carolina in 1696 resulted in
(A) an increased number of indentured servants.
(B) the development of the abolition movement in the North.
(C) the development of chattel slavery in the colonies, which centered on race.
(D) Bacon’s Rebellion.
(E) the development of a paternalistic view of slavery in South Carolina.
Answer: C
Question: Which of the following was one of the main legal objections that the colonists made to Parliament in regard to the Stamp Act?
(A) It taxed too many items used by the colonists in their daily lives.
(B) It constituted an attempt to coerce the colonists to obey the crown.
(C) It was a direct tax on the colonists.
(D) It restricted colonial trade.
(E) It placed extremely high taxes on colonial goods.
Answer: C
Question: President Washington’s actions in the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 demonstrated the power of the central government to
(A) suspend habeas corpus in times of extreme danger.
(B) enforce the laws of the land.
(C) prohibit the sale and consumption of liquor.
(D) control the production of whiskey.
(E) subsidize the production of grain used to make whiskey.
Answer: B
Question: “Pompey, how do I look?” “Mighty massa, mighty.” “What do you mean mighty, Pompey?” “Why massa you look noble.” “What do you mean by ‘noble’?” “Why you look just like one lion.” “Now Pompey, where have you ever seen a lion?” “I saw one down in yonder field the other day.” “Pompey, you foolish fellow, that was a jackass.” “Was it massa? Well, you look just like him.” Who would be most likely to have related this dialogue to whom?
(A) A slaveholder to his son
(B) A white overseer to his son
(C) A slave mother to her son
(D) A Confederate schoolboy to his friends
(E) A white overseer to another white overseer
Answer: A
Question: President Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction plan called for the former Confederate states to
(A) pass the Civil Rights Act.
(B) support the Freedman’s Bureau.
(C) endorse the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery.
(D) arrest all the men who served in the Confederate government.
(E) guarantee that the freedmen would attain the right to vote.
Answer: C
Question: During the Gilded Age, the U.S. economy
(A) faltered because industries failed to convert from wartime production to peacetime production after the Civil War.
(B) grew at a rapid pace, but the gap between the wealthy and poor widened.
(C) was characterized by a growing agricultural sector and a back-to-the-land movement.
(D) suffered because of the nation’s overdependence on the slave trade.
(E) was cut off from the world economic system due to high tariffs and isolationist policies.
Answer: B
Question: “Blue laws,” supported by the Republican Party in many states during the Gilded Age,
(A) regulated the number of hours children could work.
(B) mandated that producers honestly portray the contents of their products.
(C) provided price supports for struggling farmers.
(D) reformed civil service procedures.
(E) made illegal certain activities that were seen by some as immoral.
Answer: E
Question: Which of the following is NOT a reason for the growth of the Communist Party in the United States in the 1930s?
(A) The Communist Party tapped into many people’s doubts about the efficacy of the capitalist system during the Great Depression.
(B) The Communist Party, as part of its Popular Front strategy, avoided talk of impending revolution and advocated forming alliances with anti-fascist liberals.
(C) The Communist Party’s work on behalf of African Americans, as is evident in the Scottsboro case, won it many adherents.
(D) The Communist Party’s espionage work on behalf of the Soviet Union created an aura of dedication and audacity.
(E) The large number of Eastern European immigrants who had supported communism back home gravitated toward the Communist Party in the United States.
Answer: D