Siar-Akbayin/sat-history-multiple-choice huggingface dataset:
Question: Because of his belief that the New Deal had not accomplished its goals, Francis Townsend proposed a plan to
(A) use nonviolent civil disobedience to oppose racial segregation.
(B) send aid to antifascist groups in Europe.
(C) force all “subversive” groups to register with the government.
(D) ban women from working outside the home until all able-bodied men had work.
(E) provide a monthly stipend to everyone in the United States over 60 years old.
Answer: E
Question: Which of the following was the most important factor in John F. Kennedy’s victory over Richard Nixon in 1960?
(A) Americans’ disappointment with the results of the Korean War.
(B) Kennedy’s superior showing in a televised debate.
(C) Nixon’s World War II record.
(D) The Watergate investigation.
(E) Kennedy’s record as governor of Massachusetts.
Answer: B
Question: Portugal led the way in exploration in the 1400s because of
(A) its inland location requiring it to find an overland route to the Indies.
(B) government stability and the invention of the caravel.
(C) the signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas with Spain.
(D) the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella.
(E) the success of Columbus’s voyage to the New World.
Answer: B
Question: An important achievement of George Washington’s first term of office, 1789–1793, was the
(A) establishment of a cabinet to act as advisers.
(B) purchase of Florida from Spain.
(C) suppression of a rebellion of Massachusetts farmers.
(D) passage of the Alien and Sedition Act.
(E) formation of a political party to oppose Alexander Hamilton.
Answer: A
Question: Which statement most closely reflects William Lloyd Garrison’s view of slavery?
(A) The only solution to the slavery question is a federal slave code.
(B) Slavery must immediately be abolished in all areas of the United States.
(C) There should be no extension of slavery to the territories in the West.
(D) The question of slavery should be settled by popular sovereignty.
(E) The question of slavery in the territories of the West should be decided in the future.
Answer: B
Question: In the Dred Scott case of 1857, the Supreme Court included which idea as part of its decision?
(A) Separate but equal facilities are constitutional.
(B) An African American had no rights a white man was bound to respect.
(C) The state of Georgia has no jurisdiction over the Cherokee, which is a separate nation.
(D) Interstate commerce is not within the jurisdiction of the states but of the federal government.
(E) Separate but equal facilities are inherently unconstitutional.
Answer: B
Question: Black Codes, passed in many Southern states in 1865 and 1866,
(A) helped freed men and women find employment and land after emancipation.
(B) were intended to re-create the plantation economy without slavery.
(C) were supported by Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass.
(D) were opposed by President Andrew Johnson.
(E) were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
Answer: B
Question: “Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their [the wealthy classes’] demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.” In this 1896 speech, William Jennings Bryan is advocating
(A) government subsidies to farmers.
(B) free and unlimited coinage of silver.
(C) passage of higher protective tariffs.
(D) reduction of the workday to eight hours.
(E) the enactment of laws restricting immigration.
Answer: B
Question: The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903 is significant because it
(A) ended the Spanish-American War.
(B) paved the way for the Panama Canal project.
(C) established commonwealth status for Puerto Rico.
(D) added the Mexican Cession to U.S. territory.
(E) gave U.S. companies exclusive rights to the Guatemalan banana trade.
Answer: B
Question: President Wilson’s unwillingness to compromise over the issue of the League of Nations resulted in
(A) a surge in popular support for his resolve.
(B) his loss of the presidency in the election of 1920.
(C) the rejection of the Treaty of Versailles by the European nations.
(D) the failure of the Senate to approve the Treaty of Versailles.
(E) an increase in power of the Democratic party.
Answer: D
Question: At the Yalta Conference of 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was most worried about the views expressed by
(A) Joseph Stalin on Eastern Europe.
(B) Charles de Gaulle on Western Europe.
(C) Winston Churchill on the Irish question.
(D) Mao Zedong on Chinese relations with Japan.
(E) Kim Il Sung on the unification of Korea.
Answer: A
Question: The United States became politically involved in Vietnam immediately after
(A) France was defeated by the Vietminh.
(B) China threatened Taiwan.
(C) Great Britain partitioned India.
(D) North Korea attacked South Korea.
(E) Japan relinquished its control over Vietnam following World War II.
Answer: A
Question: When Europeans arrived in the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries, they found
(A) established societies that contained various forms of government.
(B) scattered tribes of lawless, nomadic people.
(C) extensive trade being carried on in African slavery.
(D) hostile, unwelcoming tribes.
(E) wild horses in abundance.
Answer: A
Question: Henry Clay, “The Great Compromiser,” was instrumental in engineering compromises that resulted in all of the following EXCEPT
(A) Missouri being admitted to the Union.
(B) Rutherford B. Hayes becoming president.
(C) resolution of the nullification crisis.
(D) California being admitted to the Union.
(E) Maine being admitted to the Union.
Answer: B
Question: “I consider the tariff as the occasion rather than as the cause of the unhappy state of things. The truth can no longer be disguised that the peculiar domestic institution of the southern states and the consequent direction which her soil and climate have given to her industry has placed them in regard to taxation and appropriation in opposite relation to the majority of the nation.” Which of the following statements are supported in the above quote from John C. Calhoun? I. The existence of slavery is the result of nature and geography. II. Sectionalism was based on slavery, not states’ rights. III. The tariff was the most important cause of sectional tensions. IV. The majority of the nation agreed with the Southern viewpoint on slavery.
(A) I and III
(B) II and IV
(C) I and II
(D) II and III
(E) III and IV
Answer: C
Question: The Industrial Workers of the World was known for being
(A) a company union, set up and funded by large corporations, to calm worker discontent.
(B) a craft union, which avoided unskilled workers in organizing drives.
(C) a Gilded Age union more ready to compromise than strike.
(D) the most militant and anticapitalist union of the late 1800s and early 1900s.
(E) a secret brotherhood responsible for the Haymarket Affair.
Answer: D
Question: All of the following are reasons for the U.S. entry into World War I EXCEPT
(A) the sinking of the Lusitania.
(B) the interception of the Zimmerman Note.
(C) German violation of freedom of the seas.
(D) the desire to make “the world safe for democracy.”
(E) the American commitment to the Triple Alliance.
Answer: E
Question: The Stimson Doctrine of 1932 called for
(A) an economic boycott of all German goods by the allied nations.
(B) a pledge by the allied nations to respect the territorial integrity of China.
(C) a cease-fire in China.
(D) a condemnation by the United States of Japan’s actions in Manchuria.
(E) a call for an end to Italy’s aggressive policies in Africa.
Answer: B
Question: The Soviet Union responded to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) by
(A) providing military assistance to the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO).
(B) forming the Warsaw Pact.
(C) giving financial aid to Central Treaty Organization (CENTO).
(D) joining the Alliance for Progress.
(E) sending advisers to the Organization of American States (OAS).
Answer: B
Question: In the “Checkers speech,” Richard Nixon
(A) denied allegations that he had improperly received gifts during his 1952 bid for the vice-presidency.
(B) accused John F. Kennedy of being “soft on communism” during the 1960 campaign for president.
(C) announced his policy of “Vietnamization” of the Vietnam War in 1969.
(D) called for normalizing relations with China in 1972.
(E) declared, in 1974, that he “was not a crook” in response to allegations of wrongdoing in connection with the Watergate scandal.
Answer: A
Question: Of the following ideas, which was NOT part of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision?
(A) Education is the most important function of local government.
(B) The original intent of the 14th Amendment was to end school segregation.
(C) The doctrine of “separate but equal” fosters feelings of inferiority in African American children.
(D) Schools should be integrated “with all deliberate speed.”
(E) Education is the basis of success in our society.
Answer: B
Question: In 1500, the civilizations of Mexico and Central America differed from the civilizations of the North American Plains Indians in that the Plains Indians
(A) were nomadic, while the civilizations of Mexico and Central America were more stable.
(B) lived in adobe houses, while the natives of Mexico and Central America lived in tents.
(C) were united, while the natives of Mexico and Central America were scattered.
(D) were ravaged by European diseases, while the inhabitants of Mexico and Central America were not.
(E) assimilated into European culture, while the inhabitants of Mexico and Central America did not.
Answer: A
Question: Which of the following statements concerning the New England colonies in the 17th century is true?
(A) The New England colonies grew faster than the Southern colonies through natural reproduction.
(B) The New England colonies were more dependent on Great Britain than the Southern and Middle colonies.
(C) The New England colonies were open societies with a high tolerance for those who were different.
(D) The New England colonies had larger farms than the Middle and Southern colonies.
(E) The New England colonies lacked strong leadership.
Answer: A
Question: Which of the following was NOT a presidential action of Andrew Jackson?
(A) He opposed the Nullification Ordinance of South Carolina.
(B) He advocated the removal of the Cherokees to territory west of the Mississippi River.
(C) He defeated the English in the Battle of New Orleans after the War of 1812 was over.
(D) He vetoed for the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States.
(E) He appointed government workers based on party loyalty.
Answer: C
Question: The mechanical reaper, invented by Cyrus McCormick in the 1830s, was most significant because it
(A) turned over the hard prairie soil.
(B) planted seeds four times as fast as a man could do by hand.
(C) aided irrigation of the arid Midwest.
(D) increased cotton production.
(E) cut wheat at a greater rate than the scythe.
Answer: E
Question: The phrase 'With malice toward none, with charity toward all' refers to Lincoln’s attitude toward
(A) Southern state legislatures, which had passed Black Codes.
(B) radical Republicans in the House of Representatives after Reconstruction.
(C) congressmen after they impeached Andrew Johnson.
(D) the rebellious South near the end of the Civil War.
(E) Senators Stephen Douglas, John C. Breckenridge, and John Bell, who had run against him in 1860.
Answer: D
Question: The social gospel is a term usually associated with the
(A) Second Great Awakening of the 1820s and 1830s.
(B) abolitionist movement of the 1840s and 1850s.
(C) urban reform movement of the 1890s and 1900s.
(D) fundamentalist Christian movement of the 1920s.
(E) political movement of the religious right during the 1980s.
Answer: C
Question: Which of the following is the best description of the cartoon above?
(A) The Senate’s objection to U.S. membership in the League of Nations.
(B) The debate involving the membership of the United States in the United Nations.
(C) The marriage of Woodrow Wilson.
(D) The problems of establishing economic alliances.
(E) Wilson’s violation of the Constitution by his support of the League of Nations.
Answer: A
Question: One reason President Franklin D. Roosevelt was not a strong advocate of civil rights for African Americans was that he
(A) believed that the separation of the races was in the best interests of all concerned.
(B) resented the fact that African Americans voted for the Republican Party in 1936.
(C) believed the role of the federal government in society should be minimal.
(D) believed that Progressive-era reformers had successfully addressed the problem of segregation.
(E) feared losing the support of the Southern Democrats in Congress.
Answer: E
Question: Which of the following cases declared that prayer in the public school was unconstitutional?
(A) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
(B) Engel v. Vitale
(C) Baker v. Carr
(D) Miranda v. Arizona
(E) Roe v. Wade
Answer: B
Question: When Stokely Carmichael became the leader of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee in 1966, its key slogan changed from
(A) 'Freedom Now' to 'Black Power.'
(B) 'Self-Defense' to 'Pick up the Gun.'
(C) 'We Shall Overcome' to 'Dare to Struggle Dare to Win.'
(D) 'Tune In' to 'Drop Out.'
(E) 'Back to Africa' to 'By Any Means Necessary.'
Answer: A
Question: Which of the following statements about 18th-century America is true?
(A) By 1750, half of all American colonists lived in cities.
(B) By 1750, the New England colonists were exporting more than they were importing.
(C) After 1763, the colonists were prohibited from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains.
(D) By 1750, slaves outnumbered whites in the colonies by two to one.
(E) By 1740, the colonists recognized Jonathan Edwards as a leader of the Old Lights.
Answer: C
Question: The War Hawks demanded war against Britain in 1812 to
(A) eliminate the Native American threat in the Northwest.
(B) appease the New England states.
(C) assimilate the Native Americans into U.S. society.
(D) gain control of New Orleans.
(E) make the United States less dependent on imports.
Answer: A
Question: In explaining why the nullification of the 1828 Tariff of Abominations was justified, John C. Calhoun contended that
(A) the people had ratified the Constitution and, therefore, could decide on the constitutionality of a federal law.
(B) the states were sovereign because they had formed a compact called the Constitution.
(C) the Supreme Court had declared the Tariff of Abominations unconstitutional.
(D) Congress was sovereign and could decide all major questions, including slavery.
(E) President Andrew Jackson had been elected by the whole people and agreed with his position.
Answer: B
Question: Moby-Dick by Herman Melville, representative of the American Renaissance of the 1840s, is significant in that it
(A) changed the attitude of the people of the United States toward the Native Americans.
(B) portrayed life in a utopian community.
(C) was an antislavery novel that galvanized Northern opinion against the Fugitive Slave Law.
(D) opposed the narrow Puritan point of view of 17th-century New England.
(E) used a predominately American occupation to explore man’s struggles with the natural world and good and evil.
Answer: E
Question: In the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, the Supreme Court
(A) declared that poll taxes and literacy tests were unconstitutional.
(B) declared that segregation of the races was acceptable.
(C) struck down many aspects of Congressional Reconstruction.
(D) ended segregation in public schools on the grounds that it was inherently unfair.
(E) ruled that slaves were still considered property, even if they resided in a free state or territory.
Answer: B
Question: Jacob Riis’s book, How the Other Half Lives, was significant in that it
(A) drew the public’s attention to the harsh conditions slaves lived under in the 1850s.
(B) demonstrated the double standards applied to women in American society at the turn of the 20th century.
(C) criticized the lifestyles of the upper class in the 1920s.
(D) exposed the living conditions of the urban poor at the turn of the 20th century.
(E) chronicled the lives of poor immigrants from Asia and Africa in the 1960s.
Answer: D
Question: The American reaction to Germany’s announced intention of resuming unrestricted submarine warfare, violating the Sussex Pledge, was to
(A) implement the policy of appeasement.
(B) declare war on Germany.
(C) negotiate another treaty with Germany.
(D) send the Zimmermann Note to Germany.
(E) intern German immigrants in the United States.
Answer: B
Question: Which of the following statements about American cities in the post–World War II period (1945–1970) is NOT true?
(A) 'White flight' led to a decline in property taxes and income taxes collected by municipal governments.
(B) Large numbers of African Americans moved from the rural South to the urban North.
(C) The Urban Renewal program was a huge success in eliminating slums and poverty in American cities.
(D) Black neighborhoods in many Northern cities experienced a series of riots in which the frustration of Black America was expressed.
(E) The development of shopping malls and highways had a detrimental effect on shopping districts in the centers of U.S. cities.
Answer: C
Question: The primary goal of Martin Luther King Jr.’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference was to
(A) defend black neighborhoods against police brutality.
(B) challenge segregation in the Supreme Court.
(C) use nonviolent resistance to achieve desegregation.
(D) create equal racial representation in the Democratic Party.
(E) reinvigorate the back-to-Africa movement.
Answer: C
Question: President Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives because there was evidence that he had
(A) mishandled funds in the Whitewater land development scheme.
(B) used his influence to arrange for a job for Paula Jones.
(C) misused the White House for raising funds for his presidential campaign in 1996.
(D) conducted himself in a manner that demeaned the office of the presidency.
(E) committed perjury when testifying about the Monica Lewinsky affair.
Answer: E
Question: The concept of 'redemption' in the politics of the post–Civil War period refers to
(A) a religious awakening among Northerners in regard to the evils of racism.
(B) washing away the sins of the South’s illegal rebellion.
(C) the physical rebuilding of the infrastructure of the South following the Civil War.
(D) atoning for the fraternal violence of the Civil War.
(E) white Southerners retaking power in the South following Reconstruction.
Answer: E
Question: An important effect of the increase of open shops and 'company unions' in the 1920s was
(A) a weakening of the agricultural sector of the economy.
(B) an increase in the purchasing power of workers.
(C) a strengthening of the Democratic Party.
(D) a weakening of the labor movement.
(E) improved working conditions.
Answer: D
Question: To make America 'the Great Society' was a pronouncement concerning
(A) Richard Nixon’s ideas on federalism.
(B) John F. Kennedy’s initiatives on civil rights.
(C) Gerald Ford’s fight against inflation.
(D) Lyndon B. Johnson’s plan to fight poverty.
(E) Jimmy Carter’s goals concerning education.
Answer: D
Question: The presidency of Lyndon Johnson was dominated by issues involving Vietnam after he
(A) coined the phrase domino theory and sent advisers to South Vietnam.
(B) pledged to support French forces in Vietnam.
(C) signed the Geneva Accords.
(D) 'Vietnamized' the war.
(E) proposed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution.
Answer: E
Question: The economic condition of 'stagflation' of the early 1970s can best be described as
(A) deflation and low productivity.
(B) high productivity and high prices.
(C) high inflation and high unemployment.
(D) high prices and low productivity.
(E) low prices and high productivity.
Answer: C
Question: Who most strongly opposed colonization of free blacks in Liberia in the 19th century?
(A) Henry Clay
(B) Daniel Webster
(C) James Monroe
(D) Marcus Garvey
(E) David Walker
Answer: E
Question: Which of the following statements is true of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution of 1964?
(A) It passed both the Senate and the House without any dissenting votes.
(B) It contributed to President Johnson’s slim margin of victory in the 1964 election.
(C) It was a declaration of war that Congress passed after much debate.
(D) In retrospect, it is clear that the resolution was justified by clear evidence of North Vietnamese aggression.
(E) It gave President Johnson a 'blank check' to retaliate against the North Vietnamese.
Answer: E
Question: Question
Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D
Option E
Answer: Correct Answer
Question: The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was an attempt to increase farm prices by
(A) restricting farm production through voluntary cooperation by farmers.
(B) increasing farm production to meet growing demand.
(C) reducing farm production by paying farmers to plant fewer crops.
(D) lowering the tariffs to increase the sale of agricultural products abroad.
(E) teaching farmers industrial skills so that they could leave the land.
Answer: A
Question: Which of the following was the most important factor in John F. Kennedy’s victory over Richard Nixon in 1960?
(A) Americans’ disappointment with the results of the Korean War
(B) Kennedy’s superior showing in a televised debate
(C) Nixon’s World War II record
(D) The Watergate investigation
(E) Kennedy’s record as governor of Massachusetts
Answer: B
Question: In his 1896 speech, William Jennings Bryan advocated
(A) government subsidies to farmers.
(B) free and unlimited coinage of silver.
(C) passage of higher protective tariffs.
(D) reduction of the workday to eight hours.
(E) the enactment of laws restricting immigration.
Answer: B
Question: Which of the following statements are supported in the above quote from John C. Calhoun? I. The existence of slavery is the result of nature and geography. II. Sectionalism was based on slavery, not states’ rights. III. The tariff was the most important cause of sectional tensions. IV. The majority of the nation agreed with the Southern viewpoint on slavery.
(A) I and III
(B) II and IV
(C) I and II
(D) II and III
(E) III and IV
Answer: C
Question: The phrase “With malice toward none, with charity toward all” refers to Lincoln’s attitude toward
(A) Southern state legislatures, which had passed Black Codes.
(B) radical Republicans in the House of Representatives after Reconstruction.
(C) congressmen after they impeached Andrew Johnson.
(D) the rebellious South near the end of the Civil War.
(E) Senators Stephen Douglas, John C. Breckenridge, and John Bell, who had run against him in 1860.
Answer: D
Question: Which of the following cases declared that prayer in the public school was unconstitutional?
(A) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (B) Engel v. Vitale
(C) Baker v. Carr
(D) Miranda v. Arizona
(E) Roe v. Wade
B
Question: When Stokely Carmichael became the leader of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee in 1966, its key slogan changed from
(A) “Freedom Now” to “Black Power.”
(B) “Self-Defense” to “Pick up the Gun.”
(C) “We Shall Overcome” to “Dare to Struggle Dare to Win.”
(D) “Tune In” to “Drop Out.”
(E) “Back to Africa” to “By Any Means Necessary.”
Answer: A
Question: Which of the following statements about American cities in the post–World War II period (1945–1970) is NOT true?
(A) “White flight” led to a decline in property taxes and income taxes collected by municipal governments.
(B) Large numbers of African Americans moved from the rural South to the urban North.
(C) The Urban Renewal program was a huge success in eliminating slums and poverty in American cities.
(D) Black neighborhoods in many Northern cities experienced a series of riots in which the frustration of Black America was expressed.
(E) The development of shopping malls and highways had a detrimental effect on shopping districts in the centers of U.S. cities.
Answer: C