Siam0703/SQuAD-EN-Passage-to-Question huggingface dataset:
Flower evolution continues to the present day; modern flowers have been so profoundly influenced by humans that some of them cannot be pollinated in nature. Many modern domesticated flower species were formerly simple weeds, which sprouted only when the ground was disturbed. Some of them tended to grow with human crops, perhaps already having symbiotic companion plant relationships with them, and the prettiest did not get plucked because of their beauty, developing a dependence upon and special adaptation to human affection.

Questions:
How long has flower evolution occurred?
What heritage do many modern domesticated flower species have?
Humans have effected some flowers so much they can no longer do what in nature?
Why did weeds grow with human crops?
What feature helped flowers not get plucked?
Classified as a Subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb), Santa Monica enjoys an average of 310 days of sunshine a year. It is located in USDA plant hardiness zone 11a. Because of its location, nestled on the vast and open Santa Monica Bay, morning fog is a common phenomenon in May, June and early July (caused by ocean temperature variations and currents). Like other inhabitants of the greater Los Angeles area, residents have a particular terminology for this phenomenon: the "May Gray" and the "June Gloom". Overcast skies are common during June mornings, but usually the strong sun burns the fog off by noon. In the late winter/early summer, daily fog is a phenomenon too. It happens suddenly and it may last some hours or past sunset time. Nonetheless, it will sometimes stay cloudy and cool all day during June, even as other parts of the Los Angeles area enjoy sunny skies and warmer temperatures. At times, the sun can be shining east of 20th Street, while the beach area is overcast. As a general rule, the beach temperature is from 5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (3 to 6 degrees Celsius) cooler than it is inland during summer days, and 5–10 degrees warmer during winter nights.

Questions:
Roughly how many days of sunshine does Santa Monica get annually?
What USDA hardiness zone is Santa Monica located in?
What commonly occurs on the mornings in May?
What have locals coined the morning time in May?
What is the beach temperature in Fahrenheit during the summer ?
Santa Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015. The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists. Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke, a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition. Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed]

Questions:
What plan launched a Bicycle sharing system?
When was Santa Monica's Bicycle sharing system launched?
What is the name of the bike trail that goes through Santa Monica?
When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to Santa Monica?
What other year did Santa Monica receive the Bicycle Friendly Community award?
Washington University in St. Louis (Wash. U., or WUSTL) is a private research university located in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries. Twenty-five Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university. Washington University's undergraduate program is ranked 15th by U.S. News and World Report. The university is ranked 32nd in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.

Questions:
When was Washington University founded?
How many Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Washington University?
Where is Washington University ranked among Academic Ranking of World Universities?
For whom is Washington University named?
How many different countries comprise the makeup of faculty and students of Washington University?
During the three years following its inception, the university bore three different names. The board first approved "Eliot Seminary," but William Eliot was uncomfortable with naming a university after himself and objected to the establishment of a seminary, which would implicitly be charged with teaching a religious faith. He favored a nonsectarian university. In 1854, the Board of Trustees changed the name to "Washington Institute" in honor of George Washington. Naming the University after the nation's first president, only seven years before the American Civil War and during a time of bitter national division, was no coincidence. During this time of conflict, Americans universally admired George Washington as the father of the United States and a symbol of national unity. The Board of Trustees believed that the university should be a force of unity in a strongly divided Missouri. In 1856, the University amended its name to "Washington University." The university amended its name once more in 1976, when the Board of Trustees voted to add the suffix "in St. Louis" to distinguish the university from the nearly two dozen other universities bearing Washington's name.

Questions:
What was one of the names that was initially considered for Washington University in St. Louis?
What name was selected by the Board of Trustees in 1854 for Washington University?
Why did the Board of Trustees choose to name Washing University after George Washington?
When was the name Washington University amended?
When was the suffix "in St. Louis" added to Washington University?
Although chartered as a university, for many years Washington University functioned primarily as a night school located on 17th Street and Washington Avenue in the heart of downtown St. Louis. Owing to limited financial resources, Washington University initially used public buildings. Classes began on October 22, 1854, at the Benton School building. At first the university paid for the evening classes, but as their popularity grew, their funding was transferred to the St. Louis Public Schools. Eventually the board secured funds for the construction of Academic Hall and a half dozen other buildings. Later the university divided into three departments: the Manual Training School, Smith Academy, and the Mary Institute.

Questions:
Where was Washington University located?
When did classes first begin at Washington University?
What building was first used for classes at Washington University?
What three departments were Washington University divided?
What type of school did Washington University first function?
In 1867, the university opened the first private nonsectarian law school west of the Mississippi River. By 1882, Washington University had expanded to numerous departments, which were housed in various buildings across St. Louis. Medical classes were first held at Washington University in 1891 after the St. Louis Medical College decided to affiliate with the University, establishing the School of Medicine. During the 1890s, Robert Sommers Brookings, the president of the Board of Trustees, undertook the tasks of reorganizing the university's finances, putting them onto a sound foundation, and buying land for a new campus.

Questions:
When was did Washington University open its law school?
Who was Robert Somers Brookings?
When did Washington University establish its medical school?
When did St. Louis Medical college affiliate itself with Washington University?
Washington University spent its first half century in downtown St. Louis bounded by Washington Ave., Lucas Place, and Locust Street. By the 1890s, owing to the dramatic expansion of the Manual School and a new benefactor in Robert Brookings, the University began to move west. The University Board of Directors began a process to find suitable ground and hired the landscape architecture firm Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot of Boston. A committee of Robert S. Brookings, Henry Ware Eliot, and William Huse found a site of 103 acres (41.7 ha) just beyond Forest Park, located west of the city limits in St. Louis County. The elevation of the land was thought to resemble the Acropolis and inspired the nickname of "Hilltop" campus, renamed the Danforth campus in 2006 to honor former chancellor William H. Danforth.

Questions:
Where was Washington University located during the first half of the 1800's.
When did Washington University begin to expand west?
What architecture firm was hired by the Board of Directors at Washington University?
Who was on the committee that found a new site for Washington University?
What nickname was given to the new campus site?
The process of desegregation at Washington University began in 1947 with the School of Medicine and the School of Social Work. During the mid and late 1940s, the University was the target of critical editorials in the local African American press, letter-writing campaigns by churches and the local Urban League, and legal briefs by the NAACP intended to strip its tax-exempt status. In spring 1949, a Washington University student group, the Student Committee for the Admission of Negroes (SCAN), began campaigning for full racial integration. In May 1952, the Board of Trustees passed a resolution desegregating the school's undergraduate divisions.

Questions:
When did Washington University begin desegregation?
What were the first schools to become integrated at Washington University?
What student group campaigned for full integration at Washington University in 1949?
What organization sought to strip Washington University of its tax-exempt status in the 1940's?
When did the Board of Trustees pass a resolution to desegregate the Washington University undergraduate division?
Washington University has been selected by the Commission on Presidential Debates to host more presidential and vice-presidential debates than any other institution in history. United States presidential election debates were held at the Washington University Athletic Complex in 1992, 2000, 2004, and 2016. A presidential debate was planned to occur in 1996, but owing to scheduling difficulties between the candidates, the debate was canceled. The university hosted the only 2008 vice presidential debate, between Republican Sarah Palin and Democrat Joe Biden, on October 2, 2008, also at the Washington University Athletic Complex.

Questions:
What years were presidential debates held at Washington University?
What building at Washington University was used to host the presidential debates?
Why was the presidential debate canceled in 1996 at Washington University?
When was the only vice presidential debate held at Washington University?
Who were the candidates in the vice presidential debate at Washington University?
In 2013, Washington University received a record 30,117 applications for a freshman class of 1,500 with an acceptance rate of 13.7%. More than 90% of incoming freshmen whose high schools ranked were ranked in the top 10% of their high school classes. In 2006, the university ranked fourth overall and second among private universities in the number of enrolled National Merit Scholar freshmen, according to the National Merit Scholar Corporation's annual report. In 2008, Washington University was ranked #1 for quality of life according to The Princeton Review, among other top rankings. In addition, the Olin Business School's undergraduate program is among the top 4 in the country. The Olin Business School's undergraduate program is also among the country's most competitive, admitting only 14% of applicants in 2007 and ranking #1 in SAT scores with an average composite of 1492 M+CR according to BusinessWeek.

Questions:
How many freshman class applications did Washington University receive in 2013?
What percentage of incoming freshman at Washington University were in the top %10 of their class in 2013?
Where did Washington University rank among private universities for National Merit Scholar freshman in 2006?
When was Washington University ranked #1 for quality of life?
What percent of applicants were admitted to Olin Business School in 2007?
Washington University's North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused. North Campus lies in St. Louis City near the Delmar Loop. The University acquired the building and adjacent property in 2004, formerly home to the Angelica Uniform Factory. Several University administrative departments are located at the North Campus location, including offices for Quadrangle Housing, Accounting and Treasury Services, Parking and Transportation Services, Army ROTC, and Network Technology Services. The North Campus location also provides off-site storage space for the Performing Arts Department. Renovations are still ongoing; recent additions to the North Campus space include a small eatery operated by Bon Appétit Management Company, the University's on-campus food provider, completed during spring semester 2007, as well as the Family Learning Center, operated by Bright Horizons and opened in September 2010.

Questions:
Where is Washington University's north campus located?
When was the building and property for the north campus of Washington University acquired?
What previously occupied the building used at the north campus of Washington University?
Who is Washington University's food provider on campus?
For what department does the north campus location of Washington University provide off-site storage?
The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton, Missouri, and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space. The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store until 1990, when the University acquired the property and adjacent parking and began a series of renovations. Today, the basement level houses the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space. The ground level still remains a retail space. The upper floors house consolidated capital gifts, portions of alumni and development, and information systems offices from across the Danforth and Medical School campuses. There is also a music rehearsal room on the second floor. The West Campus is also home to the Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT), which provides IT training services.

Questions:
Where is the West Campus of Washington University located?
When did the university acquire the property for the West Campus?
What was previously located at the West Campus of Washington University?
What is located in the basement level of the West Campus?
What department located at the West Campus provides IT services?
Founded as the School of Commerce and Finance in 1917, the Olin Business School was named after entrepreneur John M. Olin in 1988. The school's academic programs include BSBA, MBA, Professional MBA (PMBA), Executive MBA (EMBA), MS in Finance, MS in Supply Chain Management, MS in Customer Analytics, Master of Accounting, Global Master of Finance Dual Degree program, and Doctorate programs, as well as non-degree executive education. In 2002, an Executive MBA program was established in Shanghai, in cooperation with Fudan University.

Questions:
When was Olin Business School founded?
What was the original name of Olin Business School?
When was Olin Business School named?
After whom is Olin Business School named?
Where was an Executive MBA program established by Washington University in 2002?
Undergraduate BSBA students take 40–60% of their courses within the business school and are able to formally declare majors in eight areas: accounting, entrepreneurship, finance, healthcare management, marketing, managerial economics and strategy, organization and human resources, international business, and operations and supply chain management. Graduate students are able to pursue an MBA either full-time or part-time. Students may also take elective courses from other disciplines at Washington University, including law and many other fields. Mahendra R. Gupta is the Dean of the Olin Business School.

Questions:
How many majors are available to students in the business school at Washington University?
What options are available for graduate students in pursuing an MBA at Washington University?
Who is the Dean of the Olin Business School?
What percent of coursework is done at the business school by undergraduate students at Washington University?
Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work. It also offers an LLM in Intellectual Property and Technology Law, an LLM in Taxation, an LLM in US Law for Foreign Lawyers, a Master of Juridical Studies (MJS), and a Juris Scientiae Doctoris (JSD). The law school offers 3 semesters of courses in the Spring, Summer, and Fall, and requires at least 85 hours of coursework for the JD.

Questions:
With what schools does the Washington University School of Law offer joint-degree programs?
How many semesters of courses are offered by Washington University School of Law?
What LLM degree programs are offered by the Washington University School of Law?
How many hours of coursework are required to obtain a JD at the Washington University School of Law?
During what seasons are courses offered at the Washington University School of Law?
The school has many nationally and internationally acclaimed scholars in social security, health care, health disparities, communication, social and health policy, and individual and family development. Many of the faculty have training in both social work and public health. The school's current dean is Edward F. Lawlor. In addition to affiliation with the university-wide Institute of Public Health, Brown houses 12 research centers. The Brown School Library collects materials on many topics, with specific emphasis on: children, youth, and families; gerontology; health; mental health; social and economic development; family therapy; and management. The library maintains subscriptions to over 450 academic journals.

Questions:
Who is the Brown School's current Dean?
How many research centers are housed by the Brown School?
What topics of emphasis are contained in the Brown School Library collection?
What areas does the Brown School Library have represented scholars?
To how many academic journals does the Brown School Library subscribe?
The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, established in 1881, is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country. The collection includes works from 19th, 20th, and 21st century American and European artists, including George Caleb Bingham, Thomas Cole, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, Alexander Calder, Jackson Pollock, Rembrandt, Robert Rauschenberg, Barbara Kruger, and Christian Boltanski. Also in the complex is the 3,000 sq ft (300 m2) Newman Money Museum. In October 2006, the Kemper Art Museum moved from its previous location, Steinberg Hall, into a new facility designed by former faculty member Fumihiko Maki. Interestingly, the new Kemper Art Museum is located directly across from Steinberg Hall, which was Maki's very first commission in 1959.

Questions:
When was the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum established?
From what centuries does  the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum have collections?
When did the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum changed locations?
Who designed the new location of  the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum?
What facility was Fumihiko Maki's first commission?
During fiscal year 2007, $537.5 million was received in total research support, including $444 million in federal obligations. The University has over 150 National Institutes of Health funded inventions, with many of them licensed to private companies. Governmental agencies and non-profit foundations such as the NIH, United States Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, and NASA provide the majority of research grant funding, with Washington University being one of the top recipients in NIH grants from year-to-year. Nearly 80% of NIH grants to institutions in the state of Missouri went to Washington University alone in 2007. Washington University and its Medical School play a large part in the Human Genome Project, where it contributes approximately 25% of the finished sequence. The Genome Sequencing Center has decoded the genome of many animals, plants, and cellular organisms, including the platypus, chimpanzee, cat, and corn.

Questions:
How much money in financial support did Washington University receive in 2007?
How many inventions does Washington University have funded by the National Institute of health?
What percentage of NH grants in Missouri went to Washington University?
What percentage of the sequencing did the Washington University Medical School contribute to the Human Genome Project?
What  are some organisms for which  the Genome Sequencing Center at  Washington University Medical provided genome decoding?
Washington University supports four major student-run media outlets. The university's student newspaper, Student Life, is available for students. KWUR (90.3 FM) serves as the students' official radio station; the station also attracts an audience in the immediately surrounding community due to its eclectic and free-form musical programming. WUTV is the university's closed-circuit television channel. The university's main student-run political publication is the Washington University Political Review (nicknamed "WUPR"), a self-described "multipartisan" monthly magazine. Washington University undergraduates publish two literary and art journals, The Eliot Review and Spires Intercollegiate Arts and Literary Magazine. A variety of other publications also serve the university community, ranging from in-house academic journals to glossy alumni magazines to WUnderground, campus' student-run satirical newspaper.

Questions:
How many media outlets does Washington University support?
What is the official student radio station at Washington University?
What is the name of Washington University's political publication?
What is Washington University's closed circuit television network?
What are the names of the art journals published by Washington University?
The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in intensity or quality; others experience several bouts a day, or it may occur only once every week or two. It is often described as shooting, crushing, burning or cramping. If the pain is continuous for a long period, parts of the intact body may become sensitized, so that touching them evokes pain in the phantom limb, or phantom limb pain may accompany urination or defecation.

Questions:
What percentage of people who've had upper limbs amputated feel phantom pain?
What is the percentage of of phantom pain felt by lower limb amputees?
What may accompany urination for amputees?
What may happen with intact body parts if there is continuous pain for a long period?
After six months, what percentage of people who had limbs amputated still felt pain in those limbs?