The major factor identified by the consultant which contribute the major contributors of the design errors and omissions that cause significant problem Quantity estimation during the project construction stage. The initial findings in Quantity Estimation are as under:
	Discrepancy of work item description in the BOQ, Specification and drawing
	Missing of Project specific drawings
	Missing /underestimation of General provision items
	Missing /underestimation of Subsurface/Subsoil drainage works
	Wrong designation of bedding type of cross drainage pipe culverts
	Wrong interpretation of Removal of unsuitable material with Cut to spoil
	Underestimation of quantities for earthworks 
	Wrong takeoff/computation of quantities
	Application of wrong prices during estimation (Wrong application of price indices)
	Omission of drainage ditches/ side drains
	Omission of Culverts backfill concrete surrounding
	Omission of climbing lane where necessary
	Omission of Embankment/slope protection works (e.g. gabion boxes, grassing etc.)
	Omission of parking facilities (Bus bays and Urban Parking
	Lanes)
	Omission of provisions for services and utility ducts (water, power, cables, etc.)
	Omission of costs for utilities relocation (Electricity, Water/Internet cables etc) 	
	Omission of pavement edge protection kerbs and retaining walls for towns limited ROW
	Omission of provision’s Ancillary works like marker post and speed calming furniture’s
	Missing of pay item in the BOQ for Additional Bridge foundation investigation 
	Works for Box & slab culvert works allocated under series 3000 (not series 8000 as specified)
	Inconsistency of class of Concrete specification with “A” & “C”
	Provision of pay item in the specification for new works such as Lighting, Toll plaza and ITS system
	Improper/lack of Risk allowance allocation between Contractor & Employer
	Improper/outdated resource data for unit rate development of works
could you prepare a conclusion for the above statement?