BASIC CONCEPTS OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

A. Introduction 
In the learning process, there are elements of students and educators. In 
students, we can examine aspects of their growth and development, how they learn, how they 
and development, how students learn, how they develop their intellectual, emotional, social, and moral abilities, how they 
develop intellectual, emotional, social and moral abilities, 
what makes some students motivated by certain experiences 
certain experiences while others are not; or how students can maintain their interest in learning something. 
can maintain their interest in learning something. At 
educators can be examined, among other things, their roles and functions in the 
process of educating and organising learning. Before 
discussing all of these things, it is necessary to know in advance the concept of educational psychology, which in the discussion of this chapter includes 
basic concepts of educational psychology, which in the discussion of this chapter include 
definition and scope of educational psychology, research methods in educational psychology, benefits of studying educational psychology 
research methods in educational psychology, the benefits of studying educational psychology 
and the characteristics of effective teachers.


B. What is Educational Psychology?
Psychology is the study of psychological symptoms and human behaviour in their interactions with the environment. 
and human behaviour in their interactions with the environment, 
both individuals and groups (Gage & Berliner, 1992). Meanwhile, educational psychology according to Walberg and Haertel 1992 as cited by Lee Krause (2010). 
cited by Lee Krause (2010) is its own discipline that connects education and psychology. 
that connects education and psychology. This is not 
only deals with scientific research in various aspects of teaching and learning 
aspects of the teaching and learning dimension but also how
principles of psychology are applied in the context of education with the 
the aim of improving the quality of teaching and learning. While 
Santrock (2014) says that educational psychology is the 
branch of psychology that specialises in how to understand learning in an educational environment. 
learning in an educational setting. Duceshne and McMaugh 
(2016) state that educational psychology is a branch of 
psychology that studies how students' conditions and their implications 
on the learning process. This means that educational psychology can 
play a role in creating a number of effective ways of teaching. 
It can be said that educational psychology emphasises the process of 
learning and the factors that influence it, both internal and external. 
and external.


C. Problems in Learning
Gage and Berliner (1992) say that there are five problems in teaching and learning, namely 
in the teaching and learning process, namely:
1. choosing the right learning objectives (the objectives); 
2. in choosing learning objectives, the teacher must know the 
characteristics and development of learners; 
3. designing learning procedures, how to motivate students and how to interact with students 
and how to interact with students; 
4. selecting the right learning methods 
5. using the right evaluation tools.
Within this framework, educational psychology tries to help 
educators in understanding educational processes and problems 
and overcome these problems with psychological scientific methods. 
Knowledge of educational psychology will provide an understanding
(insight) about several aspects related to educational practice, 
give ideas about learning in the context of family, industry 
and society at large. Educational psychology can also inspire school administration, curriculum development, counselling, and so on. 
so on. In the classroom, educational psychology is more focused on 
on the psychological aspects related to learning activities so as to create an effective learning process. 
so that an effective learning process can be created. 
The focus of this book is on the understanding, meaning, and experience of individuals involved in the learning process. 
experiences of individuals involved in the learning and teaching process. 
In this context, the authors endeavour to highlight 
some of the key ideas, research findings and insights that are 
related to the process of student development, both cognitive, 
language, social and moral aspects. The book also seeks to present 
how effective learning is, how information is 
processed, and so on. please parafrase this