ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The annotated bibliography provides the foundation for a future research paper dedicated to William Shakespeare and the problems of identity and values in his literary works. The authors of the articles address the problems of values, identity, and the use of mimesis in the literature of the prominent English playwright, poet, and author. The academic papers employ specific examples from literature and use international and historical context to analyze the writer’s narrative and his sources of inspiration. The review of the literature may lead to the proposal that the works of Shakespeare disclose the author’s values, views on identity, and approach to the relation between ethics and aesthetics. Source Summaries Hage, Ralph. “Necessary Victims: William Shakespeare’s Tragic Ethics of Identity.” Contagion: Journal of Violence, Mimesis, and Culture , vol. 27, 2020, pp. 123–154. JSTOR . The scholarly source discovered on the JSTOR database was published in a peer-reviewed journal, Contagion: Journal of Violence, Mimesis, and Culture, in 2020. Hage argues that Shakespeare’s ambivalence and his approach to identity and violence can be explored through the examination of his theatrical work (2). The scholar suggests that the playwright promoted the idea that morality emerges simultaneously with society as a result of the relation between different identities. The researcher analyzes Romeo and Juliet and Henry IV and concludes that Shakespeare’s position was influenced by the pressures of violence and social disintegration following the War of the Roses. The article is a valuable source of information for the research paper on the historical context of the playwright’s work and his views on morality, violence, and the tragic ethics of identity. Hart, Johnathan Locke. “The Voices of Life and Death in Shakespeare’s Narrative Poems.” Comparative Literature and Culture , vol. 20, no. 5, 2018, pp. 1–9. ProQuest . The article was found on the ProQuest database containing a wide range of credible multidisciplinary sources. It was originally published by Purdue University Press in a peer-reviewed scholarly journal Comparative Literature and Culture in 2018. In the article, Hart discusses Shakespeare’s approach to art and life with its ethics and aesthetics (2). According to the researcher, the narrative poems Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece reflect Shakespearean values and his use of mimesis, or imitation, in literature. The article suggests tragic poetics originate from the philosophy and wisdom of Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato, who considerably influenced the art of the English writer (Hart 2). The researcher also focuses on the position that the voice of a character in Shakespeare’s poems represents his life in connection to the reader and his/her response to the literary work. The article might be helpful for the research paper because it investigates the poet’s understanding of good
Paul looks at how understanding and communication are essential to analysing issues of culture and conflict among people from different cultural backgrounds. He argues that global meetings and negotiations rely on other factors like human perceptions ad behaviour. These factors rely on subjective and common cultures of the people involved. Conflicts may occur due to misperceptions and miscommunication occasioned by differences in perceptions, cognition, reasoning and communication styles. Paul advocates for training in cultural awareness and intercultural communication for promotion of cultural exploration and learning. The level of cultural awareness should focus on cultural chauvinism, ethnocentrism, tolerance, minimization, understanding and integration of different cultures resulting into micro cultures. He sees intercultural exploration as the way forward in the emerging permanent multilateral negotiations as opposed to bilateral diplomacy. Paul indicates that the traditional ways of Western peacekeeping and peace-making may work on a limited time for quelling conflicts, but may not results into permanent solutions. A peace builder with training in intercultural explorations can identify different issues, manage them, inspire confidence, rise beyond cultural differences and promote intercultural relationships. For instance, the meeting in Geneva in 1994 between James Baker (the US Secretary of State) and Aziz (Foreign Minister of Iraq) suffered due to cultural misunderstandings. Subjective cultures and mindsets should give room to faith, trust, modesty and graciousness, which are prerequisites to constructive peace building (Deutsch, Coleman, & Marcus, 2006). The current impasses in politics, economic and diplomatic negotiations are due to ethnocentric and tolerant diplomatic tactics, which result into destructive conflicts such as the US invasion of Iraq and the NATO forces attack on Libya. Multicultural Conflict Resolution Multiculturalism theory emanated from the theories of socio-cultural identity, which have bases for conflict resolution. Multiculturalism proposes that people can belong to various cultures simultaneously. This will provide a common ground in resolving conflicts among cultural aspects people share. Multiculturalism theory enables people to appreciate different cultural views. Therefore, people are not likely to accept wrong choices. Peace builders increase their chances of resolving conflicts because of they understand cultural differences. They can use practical and theoretical options for resolving multicultural conflicts. Peace builders need to find a common ground in resolving conflicts among people of different cultures without losing their integrity. This is because multicultural approaches to conflict resolution look at a conflict in a multicultural context. This approaches look at causes, processes and effects of conflict. Cooperative and Competitive Conflict in China Cooperative and competitive conflict study originates from Deutsch’s theory of cooperation and competitions, which shows how
Introduction Adobe Systems is an American technological company that was incepted in 1982. The company has cut a niche in the information technology (IT) industry by specializing in software solutions that can be used with different systems. The company has specialized in the development of digital software solutions that are suitable for professionals. The most noticeable inventions by Adobe are the PDF digital document and the Photoshop application. Adobe is a successful company that has been listed at NASDQ with a share price of $109.03 as at 21 st October 2016 (Bakioglu, 2016). Adobe’s products are unique in nature because the company has invested in an area that is lucrative but with limited competition. However, for a long time, the pricing of its products has been inhibitive to the mass market. The company sells its products at premium prices. The pricing approach locks out the mass market and zeros in on the professional market. Most Adobe’s products are professional software that is used for specific trades. Identification of Problem, Opportunities, and Symptoms The primary challenge that Adobe faces is the application of Information technology to curb piracy. The pricing policy has exacerbated the problem. It discriminates many users. By targeting mainly the professionals, the company has ended up neglecting a huge potential market that can buy its products. The high prices that are charged for Adobe’s products have locked out the mass market. The company is facing the problem of losing a potential market to a future entrant or losing revenues to piracy. Many people globally resort to piracy as a way to access software that is not affordable. As a profit making company, Adobe needs to raise share price as part of revenue boosting solution. The company has an opportunity to tap into the growing market that has developed with the spread of information technology. Whereas the potential market sounds sweet to the enterprise, the reality on the ground dictates a different tone. The risk of Adobes products being pirated remains alive thus a great fear of the company. Statement of the Problem Adobe Systems faces the challenge of how to roll out its software to the mass market internationally without risking piracy. The situation is a dilemma that the company needs to resolve because the mass market provides a better revenue base that can facilitate the growth of the enterprise. While the professional market is profitable, the company has failed to grow it for the last 20 years leading to stagnation of the value of its shares (Bakioglu, 2016). The company wishes to identify the international regions with high rate of piracy to deal with the problem. It will enable the business to come up with solutions that can guarantee success. Adobe is a global company that has penetrated numerous regions around the world. The advent of computers and the subsequent spread of Smartphone technology have endeared the company to bot
One can hardly think that the whole world is limited to the three Abrahamic religions. Recognizing the multiplicity of cultural and philosophical views on the creation of the world and the origin of man, it is essential to discuss the relation of one of the world’s religions, Catholicism, to other orientations. Since the leader of the Catholic Church of Christianity is the Pope, it is appropriate to turn to Nostra Aetate, which canonized Western Christianity’s view of world religions. A close reading of Nostra Aetate reveals several exciting thoughts that unequivocally summarize the Catholic Church’s attitude toward Buddhism, Judaism, and Islam. For example, Nostra Aetate describes the general inconsistency but unconditional respect between Christianity and Islam: “…though they do not acknowledge Jesus as God, they revere Him as a prophet” (NA, 3). This thought, combined with the Holy Council’s call for mutual understanding and forgiveness, helps us understand the friendly intentions of canonical Catholicism toward Muslims. Regarding Buddhism, it also canonizes the recognition of the sanctity and value of the Buddha’s philosophies (NA, 1). Nostra Aetate describes the commonalities between Buddhism and Christianity in their endless attempts to find answers to questions that concern the human heart. Equally important is the summation of the Vatican Church’s canonical view of Judaism. The historicity of the conflicts between the two movements should be emphasized here, especially in light of the guilt of the Jewish people in the murder of Jesus. The sensitivity of the conflict is resolved by the position of Nostra Aetate, which not only reminds us that Jesus died voluntarily for human sins but also describes the call of Catholicism for the emergence of an understanding with Judaism. To put it another way, canonical Catholicism must emphasize its friendly intentions toward such a similar religious trend. As a result, Nostra Aetate summarizes Catholicism’s attitude toward non-Christian religions. The general thesis is a complete acceptance of the complexity of the relationship, but an attempt to establish friendly and mutually understanding ties with all of the world’s religions. Reference Nostra aetate . (1965). Vatican.
The 19 th century witnessed several conflicts among European powers. A lot of territorial expansion programs were conducted during this period by various European powers. One of the conflicts that U.S engaged in was called the Spanish-American war. “The Spanish-American war was a conflict between the kingdom of Spain and the United States of America that took place from April to August 1898” (Nofi 23). America emerged the winner of this war and it marked the end of Spanish rule in the Pacific and Caribbean territories. The Paris Treaty was used to ratify the conflict and after that, the Spanish colonies were taken over by the government of U.S.A. “These territories included Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and the Guam, and it also controlled the process of independence of Cuba, which was completed in 1902” (Nofi 67). The Spanish-American War has been debated about in various political and academic circles and many people have tried to come up with a comprehensive conclusion on what really caused it. The western hemisphere was under colonial rule for a period of four decades. In the last quarter of the century, most colonies of Spain had been emancipated and it now had very few territories. The Spanish occupation of Cuba and Philippines had been highly resented. Therefore, the people of Cuba resisted through military attacks. Dealing with rebels was a challenging task for the Spanish. They tried to separate the rebels by establishing concentration camps. This caused a lot of suffering among the people of Cuba. “Hence, the U.S.A government found it necessary to avert the crisis by intervening through military attacks” (Nofi 98). In 1898 during the month of February an American battle ship capsized due to an explosion, whose cause could not be established. It could probably have happened accidently. Back in U.S the media reports about the issue was not good and it led to tensions. The issue of humanitarian crisis in Cuba dominated political debates in many parts of U.S. In Cuba the general opinion was in favor of war. Spain also felt that going to war was the only viable way out of the crisis, but they new that they could succeed in the war. Both America and Spain were keen to test the naval capacity of each other. Spain had much experience in naval wars, but U.S had newly built its navy and it was therefore ready to face Spain in war. The issue of going to war was not welcomed by investors in U.S who felt that they could lose business opportunities. The Spanish-American war was not directly linked to the explosion of the Maine as some people would think was the case, but there were other serious underlying issues that spiraled out of control. America found it necessary to attack Spain mainly because it had refused to restore stability in Cuba. Before the war, the situation in Cuba was seriously in a bad shape and many people found it difficult to cope with the situation. “The explosion of the Maine did not therefore cause the war, but it
Abstract Many large and medium-sized companies have found themselves in different situations, some of which result to a great rise in the company’s returns resulting to a great success for the company while others involve very great challenges which result to large losses for a company leading to low profits and in extreme cases, to a recession. Some of the large and successful companies have at one time or another found themselves in a recession, either emanating from internal factors or more commonly from the effects of the global recessions and financial crisis which have been experienced at different moments all over the world. Due to all these factors, companies always find themselves in situations where they have to formulate strategies of thriving through the hard situations and hence being able to stand through all situations. One of the most important factors a company needs to implement in their operations so as to realize their current situation and hence be able to formulate better strategies is through the use of a SWOT analysis. A SWOT analysis is an analysis that is usually aimed at realizing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that a company is exposed to so as to be able to come up with helpful and applicable remedies and plan of action. This study seeks to carry out a SWOT analysis of a company, Harley-Davidson, Inc., so as to determine its position and strategies at the time when it was faced with recession and how it was able to thrive. The study also seeks to give recommendations that could be utilized by the company so as optimize on utilization of its available opportunities. Synopsis For a company that had been in operation for 105 years, Harley-Davidson, Inc. was a company that had thrived through a lot of challenges and often had to come up with modifications to its strategies so as to ensure that it maintained its high-profile reputation as a motor cycle manufacturer. The company had been able to increase its market share to an incredible percentage in the US and around the world. The company had continued to enjoy great returns from the sale of its high-priced bikes. The company had increased its sales over the years up to an incredible amount where it had a large customer base and a high competitive advantage against its competitors in the production of large motor cycles. The company’s capital base had increased tremendously when the company was bought by AMF and the company was able to increase its productivity in a great deal. However, there was an emanating competition from Japanese motorcycle producers, a factor that led to problems in the company. The company was faced by a challenge since its products were deemed not user-friendly, too expensive and of low quality. Though the sales in the company were high, the profits declined tremendously due to the competition. However, to respond to the recession that the company was undergoing, the new management came up with new strategies so as to maintain its market share, improve its performance and stabilize production a
Lipid catabolism, or lipolysis, is the process of breaking down the molecules of lipids into simpler ones, with release of energy. Under the influence of lipases (a type of enzymes), lipids break down into glycerol and free fatty acids (“Lipid and Protein Catabolism” n. pag.). These free fatty acids then become available for cellular uptake; they are bound by albumin and then transported to tissues and cells requiring energy (King n. pag.). Then, these fatty acids are β-oxidated and thus transformed into acetyl-CoA; the latter may undergo the Krebs cycle and be broken down further (“Lipid and Protein Catabolism” n. pag.). Meanwhile, glycerol can also be decomposed in the process of glycolysis (“Glycolysis” n. pag.). Lipid anabolism, on the other hand, is the process of synthesizing the molecules of lipids from simpler ones so as to store energy. Lipids are synthesized from carbohydrates when there is an oversupply of them. In the process, fatty acids are created in the presence of synthases (catalyzing enzymes) from acetyl-CoA (“Lipid Biosynthesis” n. pag.). After that, these fatty acids are joined with a variation of glycerol, which results in a molecule of phosphatidic acid, to which a “hydrophilic portion of the lipid is added,” creating a molecule of a lipid (Paustian n. pag.). It is worth noting that certain lipids cannot be synthesized in some organisms, and must be obtained via food. Speaking about the structure and function of lipids, it is worth pointing out that lipids are often hydrophobic, which allows them to be parts of cell membranes and form water-repellent integuments, and regulate the permeability of cells. At the same time, when decomposed, lipids produce a vast amount of energy, which is why they are used by most organisms to store energy. To give an example, triacylglycerols (dietary fats) in the process of catabolism are broken down into two molecules of fatty acids and a molecule of monoacylglycerol in the presence of lipase. After that, the resulting molecules are transported into enterocytes (intestinal absorptive cells). There, they might be reattached again to form triacylglycerol, then be wrapped in proteins and transported around the body (“Lipid Metabolism” 1-2). To better remember the general scheme of the processes of catabolism and anabolism,
Introduction An ecosystem is the most important component for the existence of the earth. It consists of different types of biotic and abiotic components. Biotic components are the living things in the ecosystem. Abiotic components are the non-living features in the ecosystem like climate, natural disturbances like a flood, heavy rain, high temperature, etc. Soil is the critical linking factor between these biotic and abiotic components in the ecosystem (Abiotic components, 2009). Biotic components in the local ecosystem Biotic components are classifieds into two types. They are producers and consumers, or decomposers. Producers accept energy from the sunlight and nutrition from the soil. Consumers may not accept energy from sunlight, so they get energy from plants and animals. These consumers are again divided into three types and this classification is done based on their digesting ability. Those three types are herbivores which eat only plants, omnivores which consume both plants and animals and the third type is carnivores which choose only animals as their food. Insects, fungi, bacteria, etc. are included in the decomposers group. (Biotic components, 2009). Based on the nature of the soil and climate, the living things in the biotic system may vary from one ecosystem to another. That is, animals, plants, and microorganisms in one local ecosystem may not be able to survive in another local ecosystem. The following data gives lists of components seen in the local ecosystem. Producers seen in the local ecosystem are grasses, trees, and mosses. Major herbivores seen in the local ecosystem are deer, sheep, horses, parrots, and rabbits. Major omnivores seen in the local ecosystem are human beings and chickens. Carnivores seen in the local ecosystem are wolves, dogs, and eagles. The main insects found here are termites, cricket, mosquitoes, etc. Ecosystem succession An ecosystem is the combination of biotic or living organisms and abiotic or non-living things that form an environment. Ecological succession refers to the changes that take place in an ecosystem. Succession can happen in two ways. One is due to the formation of a new habitat where the soil is new and organisms have not thrived before. This is called primary succession and is mainly a work of natural calamities like a severe landslide, lava flow, etc. (Ecological succession, n.d.). Secondary succession is the other kind of succession. Here the soil is not new and is caused by disturbances such as a fire, hurricane, etc that destroy the existing vegetation. (Ecological succession, n