ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The modern tendency is that women are on the same level with them, but still, due to some prejudices, which still remain, women should try hard in order to gain the desired position in the society, which corresponds to their abilities and intentions. There are special difficulties that stand in the way of a woman who wants to have independent, fulfilling life, which is the child care, that in some cases remain only woman shoulders, obtaining the desired position in the society, and coping with unexpected situations, which usually appear in the life and come across the plans, structured by woman. Child care is one of the main difficulties which women face in their life. The predicted and desired pregnancy shall never be the trouble, but when a woman appears in the situation, when she is abandoned with a baby at her door, that is a problem. The same situation appeared with Taylor Greer in the story The bean trees by Barbara Kingsolver. Woman has found the abandoned baby in her van and decided to keep the child and to care about her (Kingsolver 23). The decision is difficult, but Taylor Greer is brave and her decision, keeping the girl, is wise, in spite of the fact that it is going to be difficult, but women are stronger to the situation changes and may easily shift to the new circumstances and deal with them better. In fact, Taylor Greer managed to cope with a child and to find her own place in the world. Being tired from the boring and predicted life in her native Kentucky, Taylor Greer decides to leave for the west, searching for her place in the life and in the world, which surrounded her, and the outcome was successful. The problems, which were in the society, Taylor Greer lived in, were dictated by the small community structure. People of the small communities usually face the definition of their social class, with the lack of economic productivity, and high level of conformity, which irritates the main character of the story. Being unable to find her place in the society where she was born, Taylor Greer decides to seek her fortune far away from the place of her usual destination (Beattie 179). In addition, such a decision is rather difficult to make and to implement in life is more complicated. Only wise and brave people may bring themselves to such a step and provide them with success. Taylor Greer was one of them, she not only decided to cope with the problem, but was able to reach her aim and find her place in the world she lived in. Women are considered to be more emotional and dreamy part of the mankind, and when the situation is different from what was expected, when some circumstances bring the affairs in the stream, which was not desired, women in most cases become lost, and the overcoming of such situations is the main difficulty on the way to the desired life. Leaving the usual place of living, Taylor Greer has structured her travel and was sure that everything will be as she expected. But the situation has changed, and the first case was the baby abandoned in Taylor Greer’s van. Such an outcome had never been expected by her, and keeping the child ruined all the plans and expectations from the journey. To overcome the dif
Introduction Environmental forces are factors that affect the growth, operations and survival of a society within a given context. They include the political environment in a society, its cultural beliefs, government regulations, changes in technology, natural disasters and demography factors among others (Charles and Steg, 2007). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the five major environmental factors that impact on social changes within a society. In order to understand how environmental factors influence the society it is necessary that we understand what the concept of social change entails. Social change refers to the alteration or change in the social order of a given society or group of people especially with regard to nature, relationships, behavioral patterns in the society and the social institutions that define them. Social change is also used to refer to progress achieved by the society through evolution and revolution that may have been undertaken by members of that society. Types of Environmental Forces From time to time, any society will always experience some changes that will bring about alterations of the community settings that influence the activities that the society is engaged and its performance in general. The following are environmental factors that bring about social change in a society or group of people. Resources The amount and type of resources available to a given society will play a significant role in promoting social change (Crompton & Kasser, 2010). Examples of vital resources include water, land and minerals among others which are used in the production of goods and services. The availability of such resources will determine to a great extent the level of production and output the society has. If factors of production such as land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship are readily available, the production capacity of a society will definitely be high which implies potential for a stable economy. In this regard, goods and services will be readily available for sale in the market and employment opportunities will be created where people have constant source of income which will improve the overall living standards of the people. This will therefore lead to a social change that is positive as the lifestyle of people in the society will improve. On the other hand, if there are limited resources in a society, there will be stiff competition for them as everyone will be competing for these limited resources thereby leading to potential outbreaks of conflicts among members of the society. This will possibly lead to depletion of the resources which could bring about more conflicts in the society. Therefore, as we have seen availability of resources in a community plays a significant role in determining whether the social change that takes place is positive or negative. Disasters or calamities Natural calamities and disasters will influence to a great extent the nature of social change that occurs in a society. Hunger, earthquakes and civil war usually adversely affect a society in that it leads to displacemen
Immune System The human immune system is one of the most important organ systems in the human organism. The primary purpose of the immune system is to distinguish self from non-self and further eliminate the latter from the organism (the non-self is usually referred to as antigens). Another purpose of the immune system is to destroy or neutralize the microorganisms that get into the body from the internal environment (Muscari, 2004, p.114). At this, the system should be extremely balanced for it has to destroy the invaders and preserve the host microorganisms that are vital for the overall functioning of the human organism. Thus, the increased immune activity may lead to damaging the healthy tissues, while the decreased one leaves the body open for infections. The immune system, unlike other organ systems, is not restricted to definite organs in the human body. It consists of lymphoid tissues that are spread throughout the body (mostly skin, bones, and intestines). Lymphoid tissues can be primary and secondary. Primary (or central) tissues generate lymphocytes; they include red bone marrow and the thymus. Redbone marrow is contained at the end of all the long bones; it produces such cells as leukocytes the function of which is to recognize and function invaders. The thymus gland, in its turn, serves as a reservoir for leukocytes which travel there from the bone marrow during infancy and mature there. The cells that originate in primary lymphoid tissues migrate to the peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues, such as lymphoid nodes, spleen, and mucous membranes including gut-associated tonsils, appendix, and Peyer’s patches (Murphy, Travers, Janeway, & Walport, 2008). The main function of the spleen is to remove old or deteriorated blood cells. Lymphoid nodes absorb dead cells and organisms’ waste products, as well as they, produce lymphocytes and antibodies which help fight the infections. Finally, mucous membranes cover and protect those parts of the body which have access to the outside environment. Digestive System The digestive system is no less important than the immune one because it helps the organism get proper nutrition. It consists of a complex set of organs and glands that process food. Processing the food is extremely necessary because, for the organism to get nutritious substances which it needs for normal functioning, the food needs to be broken down into small molecules. Each of the organs which constitute the digestive system assists in this process. In the oral cavity, for instance, the food is broken down into small pieces
The book “Hitler: A Study in Tyranny” is written by Alan Bullock, an outstanding British historian who devoted greater part of his life to the study of people who had made valuable influence on the European history in the twentieth century. It should be mentioned that for the first time Bullock’s biography of Adolf Hitler was published in 1952, and this book is considered to be was the first biography of the Fuerer. Later it was republished in 1962 and in 1991 the abridged edition published by HarperPerennial appeared. The latter is the book under our consideration. The subject of the book under study is the historic personality of Adolf Hitler, the person who managed to change the flow of the European history of the twentieth century, the person who caused the most devastating, murderous and expensive war in the history of mankind, the World War II. Speaking about the factual material and the sources that were used by Bullock while writing the biography, two key points should be mentioned. The first one is that the first edition was written almost immediately after the end of the World War II and this meant that a lot of genuine materials were available at that time. The second fact that should be taken into account is that, fortunately, Adolf Hitler suffered a defeat and he had no opportunity to falsify the truth and make influence on the documents or any other sources of information, in comparison with, for instance, Joseph Stalin. Thus, Bullock referred to “Mein Kampf” by Adolf Hitler (1939), which may be considered a primary source of information and, moreover, it is evident that the value of this book is great as it contains the elements of the Fuerer’s autobiography and information about his ideology. What is more, the author made use of Hitler’s speeches and writings: “Die Reden des Führers nach der Machtübernahme”, “Hitler’s Words” (Speeches, 1922-43), etc. Besides, Alan Bullock used a lot of other first-hand sources, such as memoirs of the people from Hitler’s milieu and of those who took active part in the war (Otto Dietrich, Josef Goebbels, K.W. Krause, etc.), articles and the materials of the Nuremberg Trials. The author resorted to secondary sources only in that case, if they covered the materials that had not been published earlier. On the whole, this bibliography seems to be complete and impressive, the only thing to mention is that the author should have included the memoirs of Albert Speer (1970), an interesting and quite controversial figure on the arena of World War II. On reading the Fuhrer’s biography, a reader may observe that Alan Bullock had the intention to give the reading audience the full portrait of Adolf Hitler. The historian wanted to throw light on all periods of his life from the moment of his birth to his dece
Introduction Alfred Hitchcock’s “Psycho” is one of the most influential and famous films of his career. Despite the low budget of the film, Hitchcock employs a variety of new techniques and experiments in filmmaking. This paper will analyze some of the techniques employed by Hitchcock. Support Alfred Hitchcock cemented himself as a master of visual storytelling. The film “Psycho” could be seen as one of the most experimental works by Hitchcock. Most of the scenes of the movie utilize multiple storytelling techniques to engage the viewer in a way that was previously absent from the mainstream cinema. It is impossible to perceive all the visual and audio elements that Hitchcock put into every scene over one viewing. Formalist analysis of some of the most famous scenes could be done to show their complexity. Starting with the opening scene, the camera becomes a voyeuristic presence, as it pans over the city, and into the room where Marion and her lover have been involved in an adulterous activity. The use of the camera in this scene serves three purposes: to introduce the theme of voyeurism, to show the perspective of Marion, and to follow the plot. The second purpose is achieved through the use of the first-person perspective intercut with more standard camerawork. The camera is used to show that Marion is planning to steal money, and run away. This information is delivered through a quick shot of the money, and a pan to a packed suitcase sitting next to it. The movie can be seen as an escalating series of nefarious acts, and the opening scene presents this escalation. It starts with infidelity and moves fast toward theft. Although it is a less analyzed scene, I believe that the moment when Marion meets Norman outside the hotel is a great example of the subtle use of lighting in the movie. The scene is shot in such a way so we can only see one side of the characters. However, Marion stands in the light, but Norman is only lit from one side, with the other being reflected in the dark window behind him. While on the first viewing this scene would hold no significance, after discovering the true nature of Norman, it is possible to see this as a literal foreshadowing of his split personality. I believe the lighting shows a psychological duality of the character, and not just his hidden motives, as Marion also holds secrets from Norman, but s
Introduction Plato is one of the most known Greek philosophers in history. As a student of another great philosopher, Socrates, Plato learnt a lot and involved himself in the many issues that affected his society. Plato literatures continue to be important references in philosophy, even in the current times. Platonic schools that evolved from Plato’s work were the main form of school in the classic Greek and played a major role to formation of the society. Plato, Socrates and Aristotle made strong philosophical arguments that remain relevant more than Two thousand Five Hundred years after they have left. The issues of society and justice have always been important in philosophy. Most of Plato’s literatures focus of society, social problems and leaders. Plato dialogues address the moral and ethical issues in his society in a different approach that draws implied conclusion. Most of Plato’s literatures are structured in form epistles and dialogues. Dialogues make the major part of his philosophical writing and it is through them that his philosophical thoughts are obtained. Plato’s dialogues bring out philosophical issues in the society, divergent arguments towards the issues and convincing conclusion. Use of dialogues makes Plato unique in his work. Historical Overview Plato is a renowned Greek philosopher in Classical Greek period. He is also remembered as the pioneer in western academies through his Platonic schools. Plato, Socrates and Aristotle, the great Greek philosophers, are closely related (Barnes & Chadwich 107). Plato was a student to Socrates, borrowing much from him while Aristotle was a student to Plato. This lineage of philosophers formed an important foundation to other philosopher after them. Memories of Plato are brought out through his sophisticated dialogues and letters. Plato’s dialogues numbers to thirty-five with The Republic as the leading and most referred Dialogue. One unique factor in Plato’s dialogues is that Plato’s personal position on issues is not expressed explicitly. The main character in most dialogues is Plato’s mentor, Socrates, who represents Plato’s position. Discussion Plato arguments for nature of justice Plato’s dialogues bring out the nature of justice in the society. The nature of justice has been a major issue in philosophy and ethics. From early days philosophers, individual and the society in general have tried to understand justice. The definitions of justice in the societal or individuals level differ across different part of the world. In consequence, the way people understand justice influence how they relate with each other. Plato addresses the issue of justice in most of his dialogues (Barnes & Chadwich 7). He tries to understand how his society defined justice and the consequences of these definitions. Plato does not leave the issue at descriptive level alone but he criticizes the definition to find their strength and weakness. Plato’s dialogues bring out common themes in justice. In most of his dialogues, Plato sees justice as a balance between the three main elements of the soul. The three elements of the soul are explained as
Putting More Soldiers into the Field Putting more soldiers into the field in present-day battlefronts such as those in Syria, Iraq and various areas in the Middle East can be considered as double-edged sword due to both its benefits as well as the potential negative repercussions. The deployment of troops could help to put pressure on terrorist forces that are located in the aforementioned areas thereby reducing the potential for them to gain a significant foothold. However, as evidenced by the military campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq, military action in some regions can often result in the local population developing a distinctly negative outlook on American troops and the U.S. in general. This can contribute to higher rates of recruitment into local insurgencies thereby increasing the problem in the future. It should also be noted that the deployment of troops also comes with a considerable price that often reaches into the billions due to the support structure that is needed in foreign battlefields (Mercille 63). Deployment is thus limited by the current economic capabilities of the U.S. in relation to the budgetary allotments that can be given by Congress when it comes to any form of major troop deployment. If Congress should oppose the deployment of troops via limiting the proposed budget, then it is unlikely that any successful campaign can be waged. In relation to Congressional approval for troop deployment, the capacity for the Congressional assembly to approve budgets for troop deployment is in part influenced by public opinion. Elected officials within Congress are beholden to their constituents and it is unlikely that they would support budgetary approvals for actions that the general public is opposed to (O’Boyle 210). Given current domestic sentiment within the U.S. that is opposed to further deployment of troops, it is unlikely that Congress will support further troop deployment despite the demands placed on it by the Executive and military branches of the government. U.S.A Strategy Concerning ISIS The current strategy of the U.S. involving ISIS is a combination of military aide to government forces in Iraq as well as air support in order to target verified ISIS bases of operations within various theaters of war. However, despite this aide, government forces within Iraq and even areas in Syria continue to be besieged and claimed by ISIS forces. The reasons behind this will be discussed in order to showcase what must be done in order to create a better strategy in countering ISIS. Since 2013 the U.S. government has provided more than $450 million worth of military-grade equipment to Iraqi government forces along with additional training in order to ensure that they could help to handle the region’s domestic terrorist issues. However, as seen in the various successes o
Abstract Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a modern project design method that makes use of the synergized capabilities of different work groups in a manner that will create higher productivity, minimize waste, reduce expenses and maximize quality of the final product. This kind of a working structure involves a greater variety of team players in the decision making process and thus a high level of common trust and understanding is needed to steer progress. For a leader in charge of such an organization, the ability to keep the interests of individual members and the entire team synchronized plays a significant role. In this paper, I shall review the effectiveness of such leadership in IPD by assessing Phil Bernstein’s experience of working on the Autodesk Inc Headquarters project. This paper takes into account the positive and negative sides of his chosen style of leadership and his management decisions. Based on this assessment, I shall then give my own preferred approach to handling the project. Introduction Given the dynamic industry expectations for new project designs, we note that most clients expect a high degree of innovation for each project. Bernstein’s team was bent on proving that IPD (Integrated Project Delivery), BIM (Business Information Modeling) and sustainability would give them the edge over other building companies. In IPD, the level of complexity in building projects is accommodated by the advancement of new building technologies (Hobbs, 2008). To harness this, a collective and intensified effort is required. I would thus propose the mission statement. Fostering quality project delivery through integrated industry networks. Achievements Phil managed to maintain a good working relation between all teams involved. The choice to ask Chris’s engineering group to head over to Cambridge was not only critical in staying on course with schedule but created a spirit of collaboration towards the project’s completion. Another key move in Phil’s leadership was instilling the right working principles amongst team members. As opposed to working for the sole interests of individual firms, all participants were encouraged to view the success of the project as their own success. This kind of mind set allowed them to get over conflicting issues such as the contingency cost matter. The project team scored highly on quality. Given the short project deadline they still managed to stick to technologies that produced exceptional results. This can be seen by the high score of that the building received from an independent evaluator (+1.76). The highest average score came from the aesthetics which were rated as substantially better than comparable projects in the industry. This was a result of Phil’s decision to stick with Autodesk’s Corporate Real Estate design prescriptions. Part of these requirements were the 35 additional workstations that Bernstein managed to pull all working partners in the project to deliver within the limited time. The creative implementation of BIM technology was a hallmark achievement for Bernstein. He managed to use his technical team to convert the 2D designs produc