ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The novel Atonement , written by Ian McEwan, touches upon the topic of the significance of writing. The author uses various literary devices to convey many themes within the novel. Using the omniscient narrator, the author strives to show a person’s emotions who tries to atone the sins through writing. The image of the main character of the novel, Briony, shows how the writing can help people to accept their own sins. The author uses the different types of irony and omniscient narrator mode to reflect the idea of alleviating grief and guilt through writing. The significance of writing and narrative to coping with guilt, loss, or trauma is expressed primarily through two literary devices. The first one is the irony: situational and verbal. The irony is a satirical technique by which the writer evaluates the subject involving double meaning. The truth lies not in the statement but in its opposite meaning. The author uses verbal irony to convey the emotions of the characters in more detail. “Now you’re sticking to the salad while the rest of us are suffering” (121). This type of irony is used to condemn the narrator’s behavior. Such writing structure is a way to plead guilty in the actions causing the sufferings to others. “When the wounded were screaming, you dreamed of sharing a little house somewhere” (227). This quote also contains the narrator’s conviction to her actions against the loved ones. Creating a novel, the narrator wants to grant characters the opportunity to live lives they had no chance to live. The narrator emphasizes that she has stolen the lives of the people she loved. People cannot be brought back to life, and the narrator has no chance to be forgiven. Thus, she creates a novel where she can atone her sins. The situational irony is used to depict the narrator’s remorse trying to use the writing to cope with the loss. At the end of the book, the narrator confesses that the reuniting of characters had never happened (310). The happy ending exists because she decides to atone for her own sins through the novel. Being unable to change their lives, the writer creates a new life for these people in the story. Another element helping
Introduction Hard disk failure is common among computers and leads to severe damage. The failure results from various causes, including human error, computer hardware failure, malware corruption, media damage, and exposure to heat or water. Changing the HDD before it wears out completely is prudent to protect other hardware and software components (Fernández-Fuentes et al., 2022). While tech-savvies easily replace the HDD, persons with little knowledge of computer hardware find it difficult to replace it. The persons with little knowledge include first-time computer users and those who rarely interact with computer hardware. Novice computer users can follow this instruction guide to effectively change HDD without causing any damage to the computer hardware and software components. These instructions will allow the readers to change the HDD from a faulty computer step by step and switch on the computer to test the new HDD. While changing the HDD seems easy following this instruction guide, the computer user should have basic computer knowledge. The assistance should be sought if the users interact with computer hardware for the first time. Appropriate assistants include computer experts and authorized computer hardware dealers at the place of HDD purchase. Overall Steps HDD can be upgraded in a fully functioning computer or a faulty laptop. To get started, the readers must ensure that their critical data is backed up in a secondary device such as flash disks or cloud-based storage like Google Drive. The computer must be switched off by following the appropriate booting process. After that, the power supply should be disconnected to avoid any instant of electric shock. Proper instructions, as indicated on the HDD guide book should be followed. The users should avoid placing the new HDD near heat or magnetic fields that interfere with the storage mechanism. Before inserting the new HDD remove the existing HDD carefully. The computer should be allowed to boot up upon replacing the HDD. The process takes about fifteen to twenty minutes and should be done in a well-ventilated room at average room temperatures. List of Materials and Tools Needed Before starting the process of changing the HDD, several tools and materials are required. Th
Physical educators have been recognized as contributors to school curriculum after a long and hard fight. Physical education proponents have claimed alliances with psychology, morality, science and medicine; these are the things that have validated physical education in the educational milieu (Singleton, 2009). These claims have influenced the conception of physical educators about the importance of knowledge in physical education. Performance pedagogy is an education that is based on experience meaning that it does not related to one’s nature but is connected with what has already been experienced through performing. It is characterized by technocratic rationality because it may be differentiated from discourses of science, psychology, and medicine, and when it is interpreted and translated to study of human development, it gives knowledge that was important to the early physical educators. Limits of performance pedagogy are that the methods used in its measure are not valid; it is due to the fact that there is no model or theory used in its measure. Also, the selection criterion for the participants is only clear for the researcher. Learning in constructivist theory is when individuals create understandings in their own new way basing on the interaction between what they know and what they believe, together with the knowledge and ideas they come across. The theoretical assumptions of constructivist curriculum include the following: a learner actively constructs the meaning of something around a phenomenon, and whatever he or she constructs is idiosyncratic, or rather unique to an individual and these constructions are influenced by his or her prior experiences. The current curriculum models of physical education that are informed by constructivist theories are sociological and psychological models. The sociological approach focuses on ways in which political, social and economic factors together with power affect the way a crowd of people create their understandings and form knowledge abou
Personal Vision Statement A personal vision statement refers to a broad and precise statement, which defines where an individual want to be in future, that is, the aspirations and desires of an individual. Personal vision provides direction and purpose to an individual since it acts like a guide (Barry & Vinh, 2010). Vision The vision is “to be the preferred organizational secretary in major companies around the world, impact the lives of people through quality service, use my strong persuasive and leadership skills, and use my entrepreneurial skills to become the manager of my own company that will be dealing in acquisitions and divestures”. By doing this I will be in a position to serve others and in return, other people will serve me. This means that the vision improves the relationship with people where there will be a mutual benefit to all stakeholders. I aspire to achieve this because am inspired by the many people who have succeeded in this field in the pharmaceutical industry. My strength is that I am a good listener, I have excellent written, and oral communication skills that enable me perform my responsibilities as an Executive Secretary effectively. I am proactive in nature and I go out of my way to help other people in their daily lives. I have entrepreneurial and negotiation skills that enable me set up a company of my own. I aspire to be the manager of the company and to achieve this; I will pursue farther education in strategic management and corporate governance. Importance of Vision statement Sharing of the vision statement between all the stakeholders helps in achieving goals and objectives faster. The vision grabs the attention of people and draws them to the organization or to the individual. Mission statement This is a statement, which precisely states what I want to achieve, and it is an overall goal of my life. The mission statement will act as a guide in setting priorities and strategies. The advantage of the mission statement is that it will provide a basis for formulating strategies, setting objectives and it is a motivational factor (Barry & Vinh, 2010). Mission The mission statement is “to develop, nurture, and cultivate the qualities of honesty, integrity, objectivity, and professionalism in organizational leadership. This will guide me in offering first class service to my clients in terms of mergers, acquisitions and divestures and it will equip me with skills required of an entrepreneur who wants to manag
Humans make different decisions with regard to the leisure and working time. Indifference curves are commonly used in work-leisure decisions to illustrate the different permutations of income and leisure time that will produce a given level of satisfaction. This is shown by curve I 1 (see figure 1) where the vertical axis measures income level the horizontal axis measures nonmarket activities (leisure). It is worth mentioning that each point on the indifference curve (IC) produces the same level of satisfaction (utility). The ICs are convex to the origin because the individual is more unwilling to relinquish their income as it gets scarcer. Take for example the a-b range of the IC curve (see figure 1), where the person enjoys a moderately large amount of income and very limited leisure time. At this point, the person is ready to substitute 4 units of his/her income for an extra hour of leisure. The additional satisfaction derived from the extra hour of non-market activity will compensate the satisfaction lost from possessing fewer units (4units) of income. However, if we move to the c-d range (down the IC curve), the income reduces gradually while leisure increases. At this point, the person is ready to substitute one unit of his/her income for an additional hour of leisure. As the person gains more leisure, the level of income he/she is ready to surrender (to acquire more units of leisure) decreases gradually. In essence, the marginal rate of substitution of leisure for income (MRS L, Y) measures the gradient of the IC. In other words, the marginal rate of substitution of leisure for income refers to the level of income an individual is willing to surrender to acquire an extra unit of leisure time. Although an individual aims to maximize his/her satisfaction by shifting to the highest attainable IC, his/her choices are constrained by the amount of disposable income. Let’s assume that work is the only source of income for the individual. The wage (budget) constraint line (fig. 2) illustrates various income-leisure combinations that an individual can acquire at the stated wage rate. Since the current wage rate is $1, there are two possible combinations for the individual: (1) $24 of income with no leisure; and (2) 24 hours of leisure with no work. All other feasible options are shown by the line linking these two points (see fig. 2). Since the wage rate is $1, the gradient of the budget line is 1 (see fig. 2). The individual can obtain maximum satisfaction by combining the objective market data enclosed in each budget line and the personal preferences represented in the ICs (see fig. 3). If the wage rate is $2, the individual cannot attain any leisure-income combination (to the northeast of the resultant HW budget constraint). However, the budget constraint permits the individual to obtain maximum level of satisfaction at u 1 (where the budget line is tangent to IC I 2 ) . It is o
Summary Nursing is an often-undervalued profession, which is essential to an efficiently functioning hospital environment. Nursing theory has a valuable and established input on the effectiveness of the nursing staff in real-life situations (Oducado et al., 2019). Nevertheless, nursing practices and customs are most effective and widely used in everyday scenarios. However, since the theory-practice gap remains significant (Greenway et al., 2019) it is often the case that the staff acts in established ways without understanding the underlying reasons for the customs. This can be problematic for several reasons, including motivation and credibility. Firstly, the students might think of theory as a waste of time and hence be less motivated to study. Secondly, it might decrease the trust between the patients and the nurses, as the credibility of the nursing staff falters. Lastly, it might negatively affect patient care quality (Salifu et al., 2018) if the nurses are unable to act efficiently in unfamiliar situations. Therefore, it is vital to learn the background of the nursing practices in order to understand why they are the way that they are today, and how to amend them if the situation needs a novel solution. Describe the evolution of nursing practice The nursing profession as it is known today can be traced back to Florence Nightingale, a nurse in the mid-19 th century. During the numerous wars that were to follow in the 20 th century, the profession’s importance was amplified, aiding the soldiers significantly. Nightingale had to go against the societal norms of the time to follow her beliefs that she should be able to aid who she wants (“How the Evolution of the Nursing Profession Benefits Nurses & Patients Alike,” 2019). During the Civil War and the two World Wars, the significance of the nursing profession became undeniable, raising the credibility of women willing to help. Over the years, the nursing profession has been shaped and reshaped many times. Firstly, there is now formal education available to those willing to become caretakers. Based on the theories and practices that have been established, this allows the knowledge to be passed on safely. Furthermore, as the nursing profession became more recognized, those affiliated with it also gained more duties and responsibilities. It is vital for nurses to remain sharp and efficient in their daily decisions, as some of them might be life-saving. Lastly, there are now safety and quality procedures and standards that ensure that each and every patient receives the best quality of care. Identify and compare key players to the foundation of nursing practice Florence Nightingale As mentioned in the previous section, one of the most famous nurses in history was the Mother of Modern Nursing. Florence Nightingale started her nursing career by training in Egypt and later went on to serve in the British military during the Crimean War. There, she began the practices that have shaped nursing as it is known today. Clara Barton Clara Barton was a
Population Statistics and General Overview Lung Cancer is the most prominent form of morbidity due to cancer, and 90% of all cases are caused by cigarette smoking. In Germany From 2000 to 2005, the incidence of lung cancer in men and women are decreasing and increasing respectively (Alberg, Ford et al. 2007). In the United States, it accounts for 15% of all new cancer diagnosis and 28% of all deaths due to cancer.(Mallick, Patnaik et al., 2010). The main types of lung cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SLC). SLC and NSCLC are differentiated histologically in order to define prognosis and treatment. (Hammerschmidt and Wirtz, 2009). The genetic causes of lung cancer are very diverse and can arise from defects across multiple genes that protect the body from the formation of cancerous cells. If you add up the deaths from breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer combined, the total will still be less than that for lung cancer(Reyes 2010). The first reported case of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) was in 1938, and it is one of the most common life threatening genetic diseases in the Caucasian population (Voter and Ren 2008). The life expectancy of CF individuals is about 37 years, and 1 in 20 Caucasians carry the CF mutation on the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Receptor (CFTR) Gene (Guggino and Stanton 2006). In the U.S., 30,000 adults are affected by it, and 1,000 new adults are found to have it each year (Wiehe and Arndt 2010). In European descent populations, there are 1 in 25 carriers of the gene and 1 in 2000-3000 live births worldwide. The gene itself was discovered in 1989, and through much resistance from obstetricians has become a common screening in prenatal care (Grody 2009). CF is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in a trans-membrane chloride ion transporter called CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CTFR). Unlike lung cancer, CF arises mainly from a single gene. The interruption of this chloride ion exporter reduces the osmotic potential across the cell membrane and causes water to remain in the cell. This leads to a higher viscosity in the mucous lining exocrine passageways. This thick mucous cannot be efficiently cleared from the lungs and results in increased infections from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an auto-immune cytokine inflammatory response (Torpy, Lynm et al. 2009). Through extensive research, it has become apparent that both of these diseases are highly dependent on familial genetics. Individuals who have a family history with either CF or Lung Cancer have an increased risk of inheriting or expressing the disease, respectively. Thus Genetic profiling has become an important tool in differentiating the types of treatments that individuals should receive. The use of molecular markers such as microRNA, mutation
Introduction It all started in postwar America where the life became all too frenzied with growing number of singles living on their own in time-poor societies. Fast food industry simply began with hot dogs and hamburgers in western states of America. In early 70s, Fast Food restaurants mushroomed not only as a big industry of cheap eatables, but also as the biggest employment sector (Schlosser 4). Schlosser notes that in 2000, Americans spent $110 billion on fast food. The scale of this massive industry has now gone global, with thousands of fast-food restaurants being opened every year. Though it remained strictly American until mid-1970s, the Fast Food saga had landed in Europe and other developed countries by that time. McLeod and McGee’s study in 1990 concludes that the number of fast-food restaurants in Hong Kong grew by staggering 1200% from mid-70s to mid-80s (Schell, Smith 197). Now fast-food restaurants of international chains can be seen in every nook and cranny of underdeveloped countries. Main text Fast food became an easy solution to needs of fast-track life in developed countries. For last four decades this industry has earned billions owing to working individuals and targeted marketing for youngsters. A research report by Ofcom in Britain highlights the reasons behind, which are similar for any developed country. Lifestyle trends like rising incomes, longer working hours, more working mothers, time constraints and cash-rich parents, tend to support a ‘convenience food culture'( Ofcom). Another fact which is common in developed and underdeveloped countries is growing snacking culture amongst youngsters. All these dynamics have collectively contributed to huge market building of fast-food chains. But apart from this massive success, fast food has triggered a global debate about its authenticity. “Junk food” is now used synonymously for fast food. There has been worldwide upsurge of criticism on fast food chains for triggering the early age obesity, diabetes and other problems. This criticism can be grouped into two prominent streams. The first group is the most prevalent which puts the whole blame of recent hype in early age diseases on fast food restaurants. This group appeared as early as in 1986, when some activists of London Greenpeace formulated and distributed leaflets bursting with accusations on McDonald’s (Schlosser 245). Though some of these blames were fabricated, many were able to attract global attention. Factual blames also found evidence in studies conducted around the world. Now this group has transformed into thousands of public health communities worldwide who consistently oppose fast food consumption. The other group is one that calls for the responsibility of people about eating, and that of parents. But the counterargument, as almost always asserted by the first group, is that the huge marketing campaigns of fast food chains are reversing all efforts to keep young
“Gods Bits of Wood,” is Sembene Ousmane’s novel and it gives a very comprehensive anecdote of the railway strike that took place in French West Africa from 1947 to 1948. It involves moral, political, and emotional conflicts: it is also a novel on empowerment. The novel explicates the pressure between colonial administrators and the African society amongst the railwaymen and the African community’s resistance and struggles to free from the colonial power. Through this novel, the author depicts the African community’s struggles under colonial power. Many Africans had a hatred for the colonial administrators, that’s why Fa Keita (an old man) believes that hatred should not dwell in the hearts of people. Bakayoko was the organizer of the strike and that’s why he believes that “To fight well, it was necessary to hate” (Ousmane, 241). He felt that the colonial officials were unjust to them and so if one hates injustice, he/she must also hate the unjust. Fa Keita’s and Bakayoko’s views represent the emotions felt by different people of the African community regarding colonial power. Ousmane’s purpose in the novel is to show what took place during the strike and the relationship that existed between the African community and the colonial officials. Keita and Bakayoko’s views relate to this theme because they show readers how they felt about the entire issue. Their views were different: Keita’s view was pessimistic compared to that of Bakayoko. Bakayoko’s father died in a strike that took place in Senegal. Bakayoko considered the white employers unjust; they protested against racial injustices, unfair wages lack of retirement fund, and family allowances. Bakayoko persuaded the strikers to continue fighting for justice. Works cited Spiegelman, Art. Maus: a survivor’s tale. USA: Pantheon Books, 1997. Print.