ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Unique and Core Competences                                         Resources                                                                                                                                                Competences                                                                                                                                                                        Threshold Capabilities                  Threshold Resources:                                                                                                                                     Threshold Competences                                                                                                                                                                                                      The hotel has a favourable physical position. The hotel has the necessary resources to retain all the necessary facilities and hire high-profile staff.  The hotel provides high quality services to its clients. The company also has a variety of managerial strategies.                                                                  Capabilities for Competitive Advantage  Unique                                                                                                                                                   Core                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The hotel has a well-established corporate culture of change and innovation. The company pays special attention to human resources development.          The hotel has a specific approach and personalises services provided to the customers. It is possible to state that each customer obtains specific treatment which is appreciated.  The Business-Level Strategy Hotel Des Bergues can be regarded as a company characterised by focused differentiation. This is a premier class hotel characterised by rather high prices. Though, it is also necessary to add that the prices are not higher than those of the hotel’s competitors. Clearly, the hotel provides its clients with high quality services. The accommodation or other major services provided are not significantly different from those provided by the hotel’s competitors. Facilities available are almost the same in all the hotels of this class. Remarkably, there are rather high standards of qualities provided. What makes the hotel different and what encompasses the hotel’s advantage is that the services are often personalised. This personalisation has proved to be of high value to the hotel’s clients. Thus, the case when one of the employees of the hotel took his car to take a client to the airport or the case with an employee who placed a photo of client’s children to her room can suggest that personalised attitude is what clients value most. There are a few hotels which provide such kind of personalised services. Admittedly, the clients of the hotel are ready to pay e
Introduction “Notes on Mercantilism, the Usury Laws, Stamped Money and Theories of Under-Consumption” is one of the chapters in John Maynard Keynes’s work “The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money” that was published in 1936. The author argues with the views of other scientists and mainly focused on aspects that are related to capitalism, interest rates, and others. Assumptions It needs to be said that Keynes believed that classical economists did not pay as much attention to the issues of unemployment and under-consumption as they should have. The author discusses Bernard Mandeville’s book titled Fable of the Bees that focused on the division of the workforce and social benefits. It needs to be said that it was way ahead of its time but was frequently criticized because of the revolutionary idea that was described in his works. The main issue is that it was written a particular form that was not appreciated by readers. He also disagreed with the system that was based on the ideas of Gladstonian liberalism and could not support hospitals, monuments, and other important buildings. In this chapter, the author also notes that only several scientists believed that numerous issues that were associated with under-consumption were present at that time. Keynes has noted that Malthus identified that lack of the sufficiency of demand is one of the primary causes of unemployment, and he agrees with this statement. He has also mentioned that some mercantilists have raised such topics in their works. It is paramount to note that he criticizes ideas of Ricardo quite frequently, and he believed that he did not
Introduction Ethics are the standards or moral principles that determine whether particular actions or deeds are good or bad. In addition to this, ethics helps to understand whether the choice of action pursued is right or wrong. Values and ethics are a part of all communication and organizational experiences. Certain ethics are applicable to different types of situations and dilemmas. This essay outlines two types of dilemmas that a newly appointed personnel director would be faced with due to the new role and responsibilities acquired. Situation 1 Being the newly appointed personnel director for a large beverage distributor, there are new job responsibilities include screening all applicants for promotions to management positions. The company’s usual procedure is for the personnel director to screen applicants and select the top three for further interviews with management. A factor to be considred is the company’s president opinions about the staff members, and his desire to keep woman away from his personal staff. The decision is challenging because the most recent vacancy is on the president’s personal staff and the top three applicants are female. The possible causes of action include: sending the three applicants to the president and wait to see what happens; rethinking the selection criteria and trying to have a male applicant in the top three; and re-opening the position, hoping to attract additional qualified applicants. Solution This situation can be tricky in that as a personnel director one is supposed to get a solution that will suit the company without any collusion with management including the president. With this in mind, it is best to do away with the top three applicants and schedule for another interview session after re-advertisement of the position. The men applicants who did not make it to the top three are probably not good candidates, and would therefore be sent away. with a higher rank in the organization, it would be appropriate to inquire from the orgnization’s president on his standing about recru
Introduction Inter-organisational networks are linkages that involve one or more relationships contract between two or more organisations. This essay describes all these relationships at a firm’s level; bearing in mind that managers are the central players in making key decisions for the firm. This describes how an organisation can manage its involvement in inter-organisational networks for sustainability. It includes a systematic development of inter-organisational networks. The main aim is to find out how these relationships develop, and how they influence the external environment of a firm. Developing Sustainability through Establishing Inter-organizational links The relationship between a company and its surrounding takes place when the firm interacts with other organisations. These organisations include financial institutions, NGOs, suppliers and competitors. However, relationships vary according to organisations. This develops a strong connection with other firms, organisations and other groups. These groups provide strategic support to the organisation, which leads to healthy ways of exchanging information and resources. This includes industrial and proficiency skills (Cropper, Huxham, Steve, and Chris, p. 312). There are many types of organisational systems, which are always, willing to associate with pertinent firms. In a bid for sustainability, organisations can join with financial institutions as well as technological organizations. This is an essential step in a bid to create a networking system, which will eventually lead to a strong influence on the external market. The first step for an organisation in creating a networking platform is to establish linkages with the information technology firms. Information technology and other electronic links will create new ideas, and communication methods (Martens, Rudy, Sanchez and Ron, p. 78). This will, therefore, give the company an upper hand in getting acquainted with information throughout the world, thereby helping the organisation’s management to make decisions as per the current market trends. This should come along with a financial partnership from a chief financial institution whose work will be to oversee the implementation of the firm’s goals and objectives. At the same time, the management of the organisation should establish further contacts with marketing firms, and other firms in the market (Cropper, Huxham, Steve, and Chris, p. 317). Establishing partnerships and coalitions with key organisations in the industry will lead to a strong base of decision-making and policy implementation. It is easy for an organisation to steer towards its mission with back up from like-minded organizations. Such a base will be useful when making decisions of what
Assessment and evaluation in relation to receiving the information about students’ academic performance and successes in completing the learning goals and objectives are important to provide the instructor’s with the information and students with opportunities for reflection. As a result, more effective methods for assessing and evaluating students’ performance are discussed with references to the opportunities which are provided because of using technologies (Bedard-Voorhees, Johnson, & Dobson, 2011; United States Government Accountability Office, 2005). Thus, technologies can facilitate the evaluation and assessment of students’ performance while focusing on the use of different interactive tools. The role of technologies in completing these goals should also be discussed with references to instructional design principles and theories. Using interactive technologies to assess and evaluate students’ results and successes in learning the material, instructors contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking skills and their reflection activities. Interactive assessment and evaluation tools used for formative assessment are important to provide the instructor’s feedback to stimulate students’ further progress. Interactive technologies used for summative assessment are advantageous for students’ reflecting on the progress. To choose the most appropriate assessment and evaluation tools, instructors can focus on interactive tests, discussion boards, blogs, journals, portfolios, and quizzes in order to provide the immediate feedback, stimulate reflection and discussion, and promote the increase of academic performance (Bedard-Voorhees, Johnson, & Dobson, 2011). The effectiveness of Internet-based and interactive technologies can be evaluated with references to the instructional design principles and theories. Following the principles of Objectivism, students learn when they provide correct responses and demonstrate the understanding of the material. The associated criterion-referenced assessment and evaluation can
Abstract Investment decisions are the most common decisions that are normally made by organizations. Getting funds approved is the second most important activity for a company wishing to raise credit facilities to assist them make investment. Investments may be international expansion or acquisition of assets for diversification purposes which will assist the company in growth. This involves setting of strategies and always choosing or setting a strategy of investment that is acceptable to the loan provider. Investments are made under conditions of uncertainty where the future is not known and is uncertain but companies follow those uncertain routes. This calls for proper decision making in the provision of credit facilities. In this dissertation, is it going to carry out a study on risk associated with the customer’s information provided, the cost of capital adopted, the country of investment and the purpose for the money? These factors are involved in assisting the banks determine the amount of loan they will provide to the client. This research will provide first hand information to both individuals and companies who are seeking credit facilities from credit institutions. The study was set in a commonwealth bank of Australia and bank of America ; An American bank one a multinational bank while the earlier is an Australian bank that has successfully entered the international market with her presence felt in Australia. Both offer business loans for expansion in various countries. In my study have to identify and strategies implemented by each bank, their risk analysis process and how the risk is calculated before a loan is given and the effect of the strategy to its market competitiveness. Every Bank executive and managers wants to move forward should take this study serious. The main purpose of businesses is the maximization of goals. In order for banks to achieve these goals in this era of corporate sustainability, fraudsters and corrupt loan there is need to move towards best methods of assessing the credit facility and come up with criteria to use issue of loans. Banks need to develop strategies that will lead them to grater heights in the world stage market. Therefore, to accommodate the rapid changes occurring in the business and banking world, quick decisions about loan approving strategies are made and well communicated.. This study is paramount to the banks understudy because the research will assist in decisio
Based on the increased incidents of global terrorism and considering that a majority of the suspects are formed the Middle East, is the profiling of Middle Eastern justified? The 9/11 bombing attacks of the Twin Towers in New York served as a wakeup call to us to enhance airport security. The airline industry needs to be protected from possible attacks by terrorists. We need to protect innocent citizens against uncalled for deaths at the hands of Islamic extremists. It is important to note that the 19 highjackers of the planes that bombed the Twin Towers were between the age of 18 and 23 years, and were from the Middle East (Siggins para. 6). In situations whereby high security is important, such as at the airport, Middle Eastern profiling would be justified. Therefore, additional searching for a Middle Eastern male at the airport, for example, is an attempt to protect Americans. In case the young is not in any way linked to terrorism he will be not be retained at the airport and will continue with his flight. On the other hand, if we do not subject the extra search on him and he is armed with explosives, we may end up losing innocent lives. However, we should be careful not to label all Muslims as terrorists. Muslims are law-abiding citizens, and as such, they differ from Islamic extremists who are more concerned with gaining power and in the process, dominate the world (Pipes para. 3). The 9/11 attacks were not the first time that we were attacked by Islamists. Muslim male extremists kidnapped and massacred athletes at the Munich Olympics in 1972. Back in July 1980, an Iranian dissident was killed in Washington, DC (Pipes para. 1). In 1990, Islamic Extremists claimed responsibility for the death in Tucson of an Egyptian Islamic freethinker. In November 1990, Rabbi Meir Kahane was assassinated in New York. In January 1993, some CIA personnel were assaulted outside the agency’s headquarters in Langley, Virginia. In the ensuing fracas, two of them died. In March 1994, a van was shot at while crossing the Brooklyn Bridge. The van was full of Orthodox Jewish boys, and in the attack, one of them died. In February 1997, a Danish tourist who was relaxing atop the Empire State Building was murdered. Similarly, Islamic extremists helped to mastermind the bombing of U.S embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 (Pipes para. 1). In October 1999, Islamic extremist hijacked an EgyptAir plane with passengers aboard and crashed it into the Atlantic Ocean near New York City. The crash led to the
In the present case, the former president of Republika Srpska, Radovan Karadzic, is being tried for his actions during the Bosnian War. During the conflict, numerous war crimes took place, most importantly attacks on civilians. A particularly outstanding event was the Srebrenica massacre, during which Republika Srpska military gathered and executed thousands of Muslim men. The prosecution seeks to attribute the tragedy to Karadzic, as he was the president and highest military authority in the entity at the time. As such, it has indicted him with twenty counts of genocide, crime against humanity, and violation of the laws or customs of war with relation to the massacre. With that said, the evidence it has currently provided of Karadzic’s involvement in the events is limited and insufficient to reach a conclusion at the moment. This section of the defense’s argument concerns the second count of the indictment. It is classified as a crime against humanity perpetrated via summary executions of Muslim civilians in and around Potocari, Tuzla, and Karakaj between 12 and 22 July 1995 (Goldstone, 1995). The prosecution alleges that through his acts and omissions that enabled the tragedy, the defendant committed extermination, which falls under Article 5(b) of the Statute of the Tribunal (United Nations, 2009). However, it is necessary to elaborate on Radovan Karadzic’s role in the massacre before a decision on his guilt can be made. As the supreme commander of the Republika Srpska military, he would nominally be held responsible for the actions of the forces under his command. With that said, depending on his degree of involvement, the charge may not be valid under the Statute of the Tribunal. The gathering and executions of Muslims in Srebrenica were carried out by forces under the direct command of General Ratko Mladic. He was the one who dispensed the orders, and therefore, there is little question of his need to answer for them. So far, the prosecution has failed to supply sufficient evidence that Mladic’s actions came from Karadzic’s instructions or that the president of Republika Srpska was aware of his subordinate’s actions. As Goldstone (1995) confirms, the superior officer can only be held responsible for their subordinates’ actions if they knew or had reason to know of the criminal intent and did not take reasonable measures to prevent the crime. As such, the defense will proceed to establish the argument that the massacre was perpetrated without the knowledge of Radovan Karadzic. To understand the events that took place in Srebrenica, it is first necessary to analyze the context that let the events happen. Per Joseph (2016), Srebrenica, a town located within the Republika Srpska, was designated as a safe haven for Muslims by the UN and protected by Dutch forces. Dominated by Orthodox Bosnian Serbs and opposed to the multicultural Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina that had a plurality of Muslims, the country was likely to be distrustful of Muslims within its borders. The United Nations provided saf
The New York Times in all probability would win this case. This is because the media has a commitment to the readers to put forth the truth in print, without fear or favor. By focusing on the on goings in Guatemala, the NYT may have, no doubt earned the ire of the Bush administration, but it is also necessary that the American people are made aware of the ACTUAL ongoing in Guatemala and not what are stage rehearsed and beamed over the media. In several cases, it has been found that ultimately the truth of subject has finally, triumphed and the contention that such ongoing would abort the peace process with the Islamic Countries does not sound very plausible. Therefore, it is said that in all probability it would be the newspaper that could win this case, given that it had provided an undistorted and factual reporting of the going on in Guatemala. The freedom of speech is guaranteed to citizens in the First Amendment to the Constitution of America. But, under certain cases, or circumstances, “the government may prohibit people from knowingly associating in groups that engage and promote illegal activities.” Thus, pro-terrorists internet sites would are not protected by the First Amendment. It is also seen that in certain cases where the government concerns for security may be far more significant than the confidentiality or freedom of rights and in such cases, these freedoms may be constrained. The Ordinance is a content-based one, rather than content –neutral one because there are no constitutional commitments for it to be honored. It could be said that the Ordinance of Michigan needing permission from the Mayor’s office is content based rather than content neutral, since there is no constitutional obligation for this, which is the prime requisite for content neutral laws. The legal tests that would be decided upon by the courts would be in terms of whether it is fair on public interests to have such a law, or ordinance. It is not constitutional because such a law has not be set forth in the Constitution and places a restriction on trade practices, in that conditionality apply for conducting trade and business. Although the TV Company, WJLK TV had only broadcast the views expressed by the plaintiffs in the case, it could be sued as an independent channel for having beamed news which were false, misleading and seemed to be a clear case of character assassination of the innocent Dr. Stephen M. Levin. The defendants, WJKL TV can be held responsible since they did not make conscious efforts to verify the veracity and genuineness of the claims made by the women patients against Dr. Levin. Besides the lack of concrete evidence which could be produced in Court would be a deterrent for the claimants. The lawyers of Dr. Levin may be successful on their claim because the complaints of the women stating sexual assaults conducted by the doctor on them is not substantiated by material evidence. It is incumbent on the part of WJLK TV station to ascertain all facts and data before beaming programs aimed at accusations of public figures. A working definition of limited purpose public figures are people who have “thr