ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There is no doubt in the fact that politics evolves in response to the changes occurring in the society it governs; therefore, the modern political trends and features are also heavily predetermined by the ideological and socio-cultural mores prevalent in a particular nation, country, or community. Members of any society have been historically struggling for active participation and involvement in the political process. The modern technological progress has shaped the conditions in which people have become not only passive consumers of information but also active producers of politically and socially meaningful content. It is evident that the modern politics is a synergic blend of technology, traditional media and innovative means of communication such as the Internet and networked communication, which ultimately forms politics of the contemporary mode. According to Jody Dean, communicative capitalism poses certain strains on both community and political authorities and creates distinct conditions for people’s unification and active formation of the public opinion as well as governmental policies. Dean emphasized the fundamental changes in self-expression and participation in the political life of one’s country in the form of emergence of a new political regime, namely, communicative capitalism, that represents the convergence of networked communications and globalized neoliberalism (Dean 23). The underlying philosophy of the present phenomenon is that individuals are both producers and consumers of messages and content in the media of mass communication such as blogs, chats, and open-source sites ((Dean 24-25). As a result, there have appeared illusions of wholeness, belonging, and abundance; individuals feel empowered to create any content they want in the standard digital space, and as a result, feel more confident about their active role in the formation of the state politics, opinion, and action. The main issue in the modern politics, especially in the USA, is its capitalist inclination; there are many features of the neoliberal market that assume the overarching role of market consumption as the primary value in all aspects of human life. As Dean noted, there is a strong emphasis on the monetization of all non-monetary values, experiences, and beliefs – people use all chances and opportunities to gain wealth and profit, and often neglect the spiritual values that still have to be reta
It does not matter whether a company has the access to the new technologies and services or not, if the stuff does not follow the proper procedures, this access can be ineffective. In order to have steady development the companies should take into consideration the security of information (Easttom, p.281). Thought, examining and developing the security policies should be the major step in companies success. Four different acceptable use policies have been examined: Level3 acceptable use policy, Earthlink acceptable use policy, Sans Institute policies, and Information Security World Policy. Level 3 use policy is applied to all users of the mentioned service. After accepting the rules of the policy, the user is acknowledged about the responsibility for compliance with them. The main aim of the policy is to protect the User, the Level 3 Network, and the Service from illegal manipulations over the Internet. Among the Level 3 rights are: the right to terminate or suspend the service, the right to cooperate with investigators, the right to modify the policy, the right to filter the information. Level 3 policy prohibits illegal activities, unauthorized access, spamming and mobile bombing, fraud and spoofing. In order to control the rules enforcement, Level 3 use policy anticipates the possibility to complaint. Thus, every User, or some other party can complaint about the above mentioned amusements (Level 3, 2012). Another important thing is that “Level 3 has no obligation to forward the complaint to the User or to identify the complaining parties.”(Level 3, 2012, line 126-127). In addition, Level 3 use policy forbids transmitting the files which include corrupted data or viruses; altering or circumventing
Strengths of Ecologic Data in Pharmacoepidemiology Ecologic data is easily accessible for usage in pharmacoepidemiology studies. For example, Olfson and his team were able to access Census data for analysis in trying to establish the relationship between the usage of anti-depressants and suicide among the youth. Easy access to data means that the study can be carried out with ease. Also, ecologic data is more specific since it can be accessed on a region to region basis. For example, the Olfson was able to take the data from specific regions and determine the suicide rates among the youth from these regions. This is advantageous since the effects of drugs on the population of a certain region will be easily studied and this can be used to determine the role played by the unique characteristics of the people of this region in the observable reactions to drugs. For example, the observation of data from low income regions disclosed a high number of suicides at one point as it is stated by Olfson; a point he argues, may be explained by the fact that more cases of depression may mean more suicides and more depressants being used in trying to combat the depression and the consequent suicide. This kind of observation is possible due to region-specific data; which in this case is data from low income areas. Limitations of Ecologic Data in Pharmacoepidemiology Ecologic data may not be the best in pharmacoepidemilogy due to the fact that the results obtained may not reflect the actual epidemiological condition of the area. It is not every individual in an area who seeks help or medication for the health condition that is under investigation. This means that the ecologic data that is available may not reflect the real condition on the ground. In fact, if other factors such as cultural beliefs about a certain condition exist, it may make it harder for people to seek medical attention leading to extremely larger numbers of people from a given area not reporting their cases. The resultant scenario is that the data available will represent a different case that does not reflect the actual condition on the ground. For example, not all depressed youth from low income areas may make use of anti depressants due to such factors as absence of income to fund the anti depressants or the possibility of being ridiculed by peers over the depression. Therefore, the reported cases may be quite small in number. The effect of this is that an ecological segment that may be assumed to be having a lower number of the population
Introduction There are various opportunities to start an engineering technologist business. However, it is necessary to choose the most promising field. The real estate market in London has been expanding at a high rate for the last decade. Engineer technologists can apply their knowledge to build and design services. The main goals of this paper are to analyze the current real estate market and identify the main professional bodies associated with the built environment in the UK. Chartered Association of Building Engineers The Chartered Association of Building Engineers (CABE) is a professional organization that specializes in building engineering. It has several branches in different countries including the United Kingdom. The association was established almost 100 years ago ( The CABE n.d.). It provided expertise in architecture and geodesy. In the 1990s, it turned into the Association of Building Engineers, the predecessor of the CABE. This organization has membership from various agencies and companies throughout the world. The constant development of professional skills is a must for members. There are several main designations in the CABE structure, such as Associate Members, Graduate Members, and Registered Chartered Members. Rules of Professional Conduct include major ethic norms and policies of the CABE. All members have to perform in accordance with technical and service standards, implement procedures to train staff, and ensure that all operations are covered by sufficient insurance. Also, the rules require treating all cooperating members fairly and distribute professional duties with “integrity, impartiality and objectivity” ( Rules of Professional Conduct n.d.). In addition, the rules describe responsibility and public protection. All members have to evaluate probable risks and clearly show their position and
Directed by Barry Levinson, Rain Man is a chef-d’oeuvre comedy that functions as a drama film, exploring autism – a mental disorder that sets in mostly during childhood. The main character is Raymond Babbitt – an autistic man, a condition that has forced him to spend his days in a mental institution since his childhood. Charlie Babbitt, the brother to Raymond, is the actor who portrays Raymond’s autism on the way to Los Angeles to secure his fair share in the Babbitt’s $3 million fortunes in form of inheritance. As aforementioned, the mental disorder portrayed in Rain Man movie is autism. Autism According to Autism Research Centre, autism is a “spectrum of neurodevelopment condition, characterized by difficulties in the development of social relationships and communication skills and the presence of unusually strong narrow interests, and repetitive behavior” (Para. 1). Autistic people have both verbal and non-verbal communication problems and they take words literally; that is, they take people for what they say. In addition, autistic people have trouble in understanding other peoples’ emotions, thus making it difficult to form any meaningful social relationships. Finally, autism bars its victims from normal social imagination, making them not to trust other people. Consequently, due to this lack of trust, autistic people resort into repetitive behaviors resisting change or any unfamiliar situations. Possible Causes of Autism So far, there is no scientifically proved cause of autism. Nevertheless, according to The National Autistic Society, research work suggests there might be genetic or environmental factors that cause or contribute to autism (Para. 2). Intense research work is currently underway to determine the exact cause of autism. Symptoms in the Film As Raymond talks to people, he does not look to them into their eyes. Avoiding eye contact is a symptom of autism. In most cases, communication involves both verbal and non-verbal skills and as aforementioned, autistic people have difficulties in understanding any of these forms of communication. Consequently, Raymond does not understand other people’s feelings thus making him avoid eye contact. One’s feelings in a conversation come inform of voice tone or facial expressions and given that autistic people do not sense voice tone or facial expressions, they avoid eye contact in the first place. Additionally, Raymond has fea
The article entitled States Struggle to Add Latinos to Health Rolls is written by Jennifer Medina and Abby Goodnough. The article is based on the data revealing slow rate at which Latinos are registering for public funded health care services. The authors name specific states that have so far registered low numbers of applicants though those regions have the highest percent of Hispanics living there. Some of these include California, Texas and Arizona. The enrolment ends on March 31 and the personal of the clinics believe that the situation might change (para. 4). The authors have also stated reasons for slow rate of registration. A number of Latinos are illegal immigrants, and they fear to register for the reason of being deported. Another issue is that many of them do not understand English so it is hard for them to even communicate with English-speaking staff. The journalists also indicate that some of those who are in the country legally also fear enrolling into the program because they are afraid of being assumed with public liability (para.5). In spite of all these concerns, the authors indicate that the federal government has provided guidelines assuring all the immigrants that their immigration status would not be affected in any way. However, as the journalists indicate, the guidelines have not managed to convince them to register. The authors have also incorporated some of the efforts being made by different states to deal with the situation (para. 5). Some of these efforts include translating English into Latin and wide-ranging Spanish campaigns for Spanish-speaking population to comprehend the message. State officials have also been using focus groups as well as drawing up detailed marketing plans in order to encourage them to register. Alcoholism and contribution to health The article entitled Alcoholism through a Doctor’s Eyes is written by Barron Lerner. The author discussed the preconception of alcohol which was assoiated with moral failing in the 1890s and could only be cured through adopting Christianity and abstinance (para. 3). Lerner also incorporates the impact of alcohol to human life. He indicates that heavy drinkers are suffering from diseases like liver complications, while in the past, alcohol was not associated with any disease (para. 2). Apart from increasing the risk of contracting terminal diseases, such as liver disease, alcohol also results in marriage breakeges. Another aspect associated with alcoholism is the lack of proper treatment for alcoholics (para 5). The author indicates that such processes as rehabilitation and detoxification are not that effective, yet they are expensive. Lerner also states that all the efforts made to teach or advice people on how to give up th
This paper will look at the concept of quality management and how it helps businesses compete in the domestic and global market by improving the product or service, and the assurance of quality. It will provide an in depth look at how it affects the position of the companies at the global and domestic level by comparing and contrasting the execution of this concept in the domestic and the global level. Quality management can be defined as: “The objectives and processes of a company designed to focus the company toward quality and customer satisfaction” (Pletneva, 2007). Quality management can be said to utilize quality assurance and control of processes as well as the actual products to achieve added consistency in quality” (Pletneva, 2007). There are3 components to the quality control concept. These are:   * Quality improvement, which is defined as the process of enhancing a product so as to up the chances of obtaining reliability in the said products.   * Quality Control is the sustained effort of upholding the consistency and reliability of the product.   * Quality Assurance is the planned actions that are necessary to ensure the satisfaction of particular requirements. The main tenets of the QM procedure are to ensure that the company meets certain ISO 9000 standards (International Organization for Standardization). ISO 9000 is: “an internationally recognized standard of quality, and includes guidelines to accomplish the ISO 9000 quality standard” (ISO, n.d.). These major tenets include:   * Bench marking is defined as the process by which companies grade themselves against certain standards based on comparison of their activities and those of other companies in order to get insight into their own organizational performance.   * Continuous improvement which stems from the Japanese word kaizen to mean a progressive process of maintaining customer satisfaction through incremental changes to the company activities including discarding unnecessary or obsolete functions.   * Failure mode and effects analysis is an approach to anticipate future equipment and process failures i.e. system malfunctions.   * Total Quality Improvement (TQM), which are all the management practices and policies geared at consistent satisfaction of the customers needs.   * Six Stigma is a statistical &methodological approach to doing away with defective elements in the company structure so as “to achieve the six standards of deviation from the desired target” (Tooling, n.d). The six standards of deviation means 3.4 defects per million. QM also consists of functions such a outsourcing and standardization QM involves not only product improvements but also in the work force. It involves maintaining a stress-free working environment fostering a feeling of free expression of their concerns and their
The data management problem within the healthcare industry can be resolved only using the complex approach based on the effective plan which includes such important components as the implementation of electronic health records, the orientation to the development of the health information exchanges, and the focus on the active usage of the improved national data repositories. It is important to pay attention to the fact that the solution of the data management problem depends on the effective usage of all the mentioned approaches to regulating the process of collecting, analyzing, and managing the data. In spite of the fact the electronic health records are used by many healthcare providers and there are several methods to implement these systems effectively, the orientation to the health information exchanges and usage of the national data repositories requires the developed plan of actions to achieve the expected positive results and resolve the data management problem. From this point, the plan for resolving the data management problem is based on three main components. The implementation of the electronic health records within the healthcare industry is the major component which is necessary for resolving the basic problem when the data used by the healthcare providers is collected and stored ineffectively and with references to different software or systems (Khosrow-Pour, 2006). The electronic health records can make the process of managing the data more organized. The next component is the development of health information exchanges to provide the effective process of sharing the data between healthcare providers. The realization of this stage in the plan depends on resolving the issues with electronic health records, with the shift to using the same systems, programs, and software, and with questions of privacy and confidentiality (Brooks & Grotz, 2010). The national data repositories as the next component can be used effectively if the government presents the necessary access to
Background: PTSD as the Primary Factor Causing Infant Death and Factors Enhancing It: Statistics The issue of infant death has been on the agenda for quite a while. Despite numerous efforts at reducing the rates thereof, infant mortality has been affecting the American community in a very direct and harsh manner extensively. Although the rates of infant mortality have dropped over the past few years, the subject matter still remains an issue and needs to be addressed: “The infant mortality rate of 5.96 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2013 was a historically low value, but it was not significantly different from the 2012 rate” (Xu et al., 2013, p. 1). At present, infant mortality rates peak at 535 per 100,000 ( Infant, child and teen mortality , 2016), and the above number is going to grow, according to rather pessimistic prognoses of the American OBs (Jarosinski & Fox, 2016). Apart from being a tragic phenomenon on its own, infant mortality also harms the mother significantly, causing the further aggravation of the PTSD syndrome and inevitably leading to severe depression. Therefore, there is a consistent need to reduce the degree, to which the phenomenon manifests itself in the contemporary society, if not eradicating it from the current health agenda completely. One must admit, though, that PTSD is only one of the numerous factors that create premises for infant death rates to rise. Among other essential factors that enhance the frequency of the above unfortunate phenomenon, premature, or preterm birth (PTB) needs to be mentioned. However, the two factors are often related to each other very closely. According to the existing studies on the subject matter, receiving traumas or suffering from the aftereffects thereof raises the possibility for an occurrence of PTB in a pregnant woman to a considerable extent: “Despite the higher incidence of both PTB and psychosocial distress in many LMI countries, empirical work on psychosocial predictors of PTB has been predominantly conducted in high-income countries” (Premji et al., 2015). Expectant Mothers: Subgroups. Identifying the Existing Taxonomies The lack of studies on the issue of expecting mothers and their subgroups needs to be mentioned among the primary issues that hamper the process of addressing the problem concerning high infant death rates (Hehir et al., 2015). More importantly, even though a range of studies focus on the issue of PTB, there are very few researches that actually consider the taxonomy of expecting mothers. The study carried out by Alkareem and Ali (2014) suggests that the expecting mothers should be split into categories based on the number of children that they are expecting (e.g., singleton mothers, who are going to have only one child, and the women that are going to give birth to twins, triplets, etc.). The above approach can be deemed as sensible as it helps identify the primary threats that
The work of a police officer implies numerous ethical connotations. Thus, the representatives of this occupation field are often blamed for an unjust treatment of the minor groups and the excess of jurisdiction. The discussion that might arise, in the following perspective, resides in question whether the behavior of a police officer within an ethical dilemma depends on the gender issue. First and foremost, one should note that one of the most typical ethical concerns in the relevant field is the cases of discrimination on the ground of the national origin. Hence, Pollock describes numerous situations where a police officer apprehends a person mainly based on his or her racial prejudices. The author lays a particular emphasis on the Afro-Americans and the Hispanics as they are more likely to cause suspect (Pollock, 2014). In this context, one might assume that female and male officers are inclined to use the similar approach. The described case does not imply any direct violence or inevitable danger. The question of discrimination refers to the common social opinion that both genders are apt to share. Therefore, the behavior of male and female officers in the framework of this particular ethical problem might have few differences. Meanwhile, those ethical cases that suppose the use of physical force are more likely to reflect the difference between male and female mentality. Thus, according to the recent research, women tend to employ force less willingly than men. For this reason, most of the accidents implying unjustified force employment by the police concerned male officers (Pollock, 2014). The relevant phenomenon might be explained by the fact that women are initially less susceptible to a tempest of anger. US researchers on the relevant problem note that female officers are more likely to show emotional instability though the mood change does not have any connotations for aggressiveness (Novak, Brown, & Frank, 2006). Moreover, the recent study has shown that male officers are more dependent on the opinion of their colleagues, particularly those who take a dominant position. According to the researchers, the relevant finding might signify the fact that women are more likely to support unethical behavior in case they are sure that it will remain unnoticed (Novak et al., 2006). As a consequence, one has reasons to suggest that the various types of discretion and criminal investigation described by Pollock might equally appeal to males and females (Pollock, 2014). Therefore,