ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Based on the work of Kostopoulou, & Kalogirou (2011) which examined the connection between increased tourism and film festivals within various towns and municipalities, it was discovered that film festivals were important “drivers of growth”. This opinion was based on the Venice Film Festival which created a positive impact on the local community within Venice in the form higher numbers of tourists, an influx of foreign currency as well as increased consumption of locally made products (Grunwell, Ha, & Martin, 2008). Evidence of this assertion can also be seen in other film festivals such as those in New York, Manila and Tokyo. These events often draw hundreds of commuters from all around the various cities in those regions as well as tourists from other parts of the world. What must be understood is that with the establishment of events such as these, this often creates a positive impact on the economy of a local community. A greater number of tourists means higher income levels for local hotels, shops and other assorted businesses which in turn creates a considerable degree of prosperity (Kostopoulou, & Kalogirou, 2011). For example, the Venice Film Festival which is sponsored by the local government often brings tourists from as far away as the U.S., Europe and Canada which creates a subsequent influx in tourism based income to the various businesses located within that area. While Venice is also a well known tourist destination, it is often hard to determine when a large amount of potential tourists would arrive. It is due to this that scheduled tourism events such as the Venice Film Festival enables local businesses to plan in advance for the influx of tourists and make the most out it (Venice Film Festival, 2013). The Zayed University Middle East Film Festival (ZUMEFF) is actually an annual event that is hosted by the university wherein students get to participate in a contest where they showcase the various films that they have developed over the course of their media studies. This event was originally started by two College of Communication and Media Sciences students which expanded over the years into its present day iteration. What is interesting about ZUMEFF is that it is not hosted by a local council or a government sponsored initiative, rather, it began as a simple project and then continued to expand as it became more popular over the years. In comparison to the Venice Film Festival, ZUMEFF is rather small; however, when taking into consideration the fact that it is an event that was started by students and hosted by a university, it is still very impressive. ZUMEFF also happens to utilize Facebook, Twitter and other forms of social media in order to promote the events at the festival. This is in part due to the growing popularity of social media as a method of sharing news and information which makes it an ideal platform for “getting the word out there” so to speak when it comes to popularizing ZUMEFF (Zumeff, 2014). Another interest
In the early decades of the 19 th century the US was rapidly growing and needed to expand towards the south. The need to expand towards the south was because white settlers needed to acquire land where they could cultivate cotton. However, there was an obstacle to their plans, and the barrier was the native Indians who were living in this region. The native Indians occupying this region were referred to as the civilized tribes because they were conversant with the western culture. These tribes included Muskogee, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles, and the Cherokees. The trail of tears was a term that was used to refer to the forced movement and the relocation of these native Indians tribes. In 1830, the Indian removal Act was passed, which officially permitted the federal government to relocate the native Indians. The Act was supported by Andrew Jackson who was the president during that period. This Act enabled Jackson to negotiate with the Native Americans, and several removal treaties were signed (Bruchac and Magnuson 23). These treaties stipulated that Indians should surrender their lands in exchange for new lands that were to be provided in the western parts of the United States. Some Indian tribes voluntarily signed the treaties, while others were coerced to do so, but at the end of it all the tribes had to relocate. The Choctaw were the first to be relocated in 1831, approximately 4000 members of this tribe were removed, and they left in groups of about five hundred to two thousand individuals. During their relocation, hundreds of them died from exhaustion, exposure and diseases. These deaths made the entire communities and families to perish. During the relocation, some Choctaw Indians remained behind. Those who stayed behind were swindled and their property taken, forcing them to leave (Hausman 95). The Choctaw Indians occupied the regions that are currently Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. The treaties that resulted in the reduction of Choctaw territory to eleven thousand acres were signed in 1901. The remaining territory was granted to the federal government by the treaty of the dancing rabbit. The Choctaws were removed in three sessions that begun in 1831 and ended in 1833. Their relocation coincided with a severe winter that subject the Choctaw to snow, sleet, and flash floods. They also faced a food shortage that further deteriorated their condition. The relocation of the Choctaw was also affected by adverse weather conditions that blocked rivers with ice, halting transportation for several weeks. This prompted the American authorities
Introduction One of the most peculiar aspects of a post-industrial living is the fact that it now becomes increasingly more difficult for Western military contingents/units to conduct effective counterinsurgency (COIN) operations in the world’s newly emerged ‘hot spots’. In its turn, this can be explained by the fact that, as time goes on, the classical theories of COIN, based upon the assumption that the insurgency should be regarded as an armed extrapolation of people’s will to challenge the political status quo, grow progressively outdated (Berger & Borer, 2007). This is because; whereas even as recent as thirty-forty years ago, the majority of insurgents were concerned with trying to undermine the effectiveness of legitimate governments’ functioning, as the foremost precondition that would eventually allow them to overthrow these governments and to impose their own rule upon citizens, they nowadays appear to regard the significance of their armed struggle as such that represents a value of ‘thing in itself’ (Lyall & Wilson, 2009). That is, the bulk of today’s insurgents may very well be discussed as religiously fanatical anarchists, who despise the very notions of law and order. It is specifically the prolonged state of ‘vacuum of power’, which breeds these insurgents and which is why they are being objectively interested in maintaining such a situation for as long as possible. (Kilcullen, 2005). Apparently, given the highly sectarian and purist essence of many of today’s insurgencies, they cannot be regarded as truly ‘popular’, in the conventional sense of this word. This, however, does not seem to affect the sheer effectiveness of how today’s insurgents go about disrupting externally imposed peace and order. Partially, this can be explained by the fact that, despite lacking local populations’ support, modern insurgents have learned how to take advantage of currently available informational technologies, as a mean of popularizing their cause, and how to utilize highly urbanized areas, as their actual ‘sanctuaries’ (Hoffman, 2007). This, of course, presents counterinsurgents with the challenge of adopting a proper conceptual approach towards rooting out ‘aimless’ insurgencies, which thrive on people’s heightened sense of religious fanaticism and their hypertrophied identity-seeking anxieties. Enough, the earlier mentioned challen
Introduction Technical writing entails written communication carried out in an occupation particularly in areas that have particular expressions. The areas include health sciences, technology, engineering, and science. In fact, given the complexity of words used, technical writing assists readers in using and understanding concepts and processes. In literature, the styles used in technical writing are utilitarian and direct as they lay emphasis on precision and exactness as opposed to allusiveness and stylishness. Thus, technical writing in literature and languages is purposely carried out to direct, inform, or educate others on how things can be done. Literature and languages have different examples of technical writing. First is technological marketing communication such as writing of online articles and promotional brochures. The second example is the end user documentation including writing the operation guides and training manuals. This assessment explains these examples of technical writing and the manner in which they reflect on technical writing characteristics. How these examples reflect the characteristics of technical writing Technological marketing communication (TMC) TMC entails writing an informative web article showing a business that when a specific consultative information technology service is used funds can be saved. TMC includes writing about novel computer appliances to the potential customers. This may take the form of a sales speech (Holloway, 2007). Moreover, technological marketing communication appears in form of online articles and promotional
Introduction Political participation has been an essential part of life in the United States for hundreds of years. In the last 15 years, the Internet gained in popularity and brought upon a new age of political participation. Although traditional ways of participation still exist, the impact of internet participation cannot be understated. Forms and their Differences Political participation is a broad term, but it can be defined as different forms of expression of political opinions by the citizens of a country. It could be represented in a wide variety of ways: voting, contacting public officials, protesting, doing political party work, organizing or participating in charity events, setting up signs on the front lawn during elections, being a part of an interest group, promoting political ideas on social media, blogging, signing petitions, as well as many other forms. One of the more traditional and almost ubiquitous forms of political participation is yard signs. They are usually represented by a simple wooden sign with the name of the candidate, their slogan, and perhaps a promotional picture. Before the advent of the internet, they were one of the main ways of expressing your political opinion without leaving your house. While the modern perception of such signs is that they are bought by political parties to use as advertisements, it is not quite the case. A study suggests that they are still created by individuals and social networks of people (Makse and Sokhey 22). Some of the other traditional ways of participation have not changed much either. Although new technologies of voting are proposed, it still relies on paper and human counting. Jury duty is still performed in the same way it was before the invention of the internet. Protests and marches are also a common occurrence. On the other hand, is online political participation. The Internet provides a way to instantly communicate with people over vast distances. Therefore, it is slowly becoming the main way to express and promote political opinions. The Internet has proven to be a successful fundraising system for campaign donations, a more convenient way of contacting public officials (Vissers and Stolle 938), and a source of political digital media (Dimitrova et al. 95). One of the differences between online and offline participation lies in the removal of the gender divide in participants. There is virtually no distinction in the likeliness of participation of both sexes in online political activities (Oser et al. 99). Another lies in the interactivity of these actions. You can connect with the politician online in a much more immediate and direct way (Dimitrova et al. 97). A lot of politicians are publicly available online through such networks as Facebook and Twitter. Many of them are ready to answer questions addressed to them directly, as well as use it to promote their political ideas. Unfortunately, the internet has not proven to be a great force in providing political information. Studies show that people often receive only a fraction of available political knowledge online but still tend to involve themselves actively in political participation (Dim
The New Material Learned from the Readings After having read the two articles listed on a reference page, I have learned that although irrational numbers are hard to be written in decimal equivalent, they are easy to visualize using a proper drawing technique. One does not necessarily need to do exact measurements when attempting to draw a line having a length of √2 inches, for example. If the Pythagorean theorem is used, the line can be drawn with no serious calculations applied. For that purpose one simply needs to use a right triangle with both feet being 1 inch long. The hypotenuse of the triangle will be exactly √2 inches in length. It is known, that for an irrational number to be written correctly a long list of figures is required: √17 = 4.123105625617661. However, if a right triangle is drawn and both legs are measured carefully, the hypotenuse will match a required number (Lewis, 2007). Another peculiar fact I have known about is that when one uses the hypotenuse as afoot for a new right triangle with the length of its second foot corresponding to that of a previous triangle, the wheel of Theodorus starts to occur. The more triangles one draws with the help of this concept, the more a picture reminds a wheel. The author uses this method of visualization when explaining his students the principles of implementation of the Pythagorean theorem to irrational numbers. Each time a new triangle is added to the picture the hypotenuse becomes longer. Though its exact length is hard to measure using a straight scale, one does not need to bother with that kind of a task since the line is already drawn owing to the data of a previous figure. The Already Known Facts Regarding the known facts, calculating the area of a square using right triangles that are present within its structure is the method I have been using since my school years. It, therefore, makes no difference whether the length of a side is a regular or an irregular number. Brown and Owens (2009) highlight, “sides of squares are always square roots” (p. 58). As shown in figure 2 of their article, the feet of the right triangles that are located within a ‘tilted’ square are always regular numbers (Brown & Owens, 2009). By adding the areas of all four triangles (plus a small square in the center), one acquires the area of a tilted square. The picture is a bright example of how one learns to expand his or her spatial thinking and implement visualized concepts for tasks resolving. Teaching Techniques that Need to Be Improved If I were teaching a grade where irrational numbers were formally taught, I would probably combine the techniques used in the two articles to deliver information in the form of a visual game. The wheel of Theodorus is a brilliant example of how one uses the Pythagorean theorem to develop an artistic talent within a pupil. I would, of course, use this concept too but with some enhancements applied. My pupils would not draw the triangles; those would be made of mottled paper coming in the form of applications. It is known that the wheel involves placing some of the triangles undernea
The BERT Neural Network Technologies in the modern world are an integral part of human life. They affect almost all spheres of life, help make life easier, and add many new opportunities. To date, the Internet is the primary source for obtaining a variety of information, and generally speaking, Internet technologies provide a vast number of ways for modern people to develop. This paper will consider a new technology from Google – the BERT neural network, and its features and advantages, as well as the consequences of its application. General Information BERT is a neural network transformer model from Google, on which most of the automatic language processing tools are built today. The model appeared in early 2018, and in October of the same year, Google integrated the model into its search engine (Sur, 2020). BERT, or Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, is a neural network from Google that has shown some of the best results in solving many NLP tasks: from answering questions to machine translation. BERT models have already been pre-trained on large datasets (Nayak, 2019). Developers can download and embed a ready-made tool into their natural language processing projects without wasting time training a neural network from scratch. The innovation of BERT lies in the method of pre-training. To learn, earlier architectures performed the task of generating text — that is, they predicted which word was most likely to be next, taking into account all the words before it. The decision of the neural network was influenced only by the words on the left, and such neural networks are called unidirectional (Nayak, 2019). To solve the problem, the developers came up with bidirectional neural networks. In short, two identical neural networks work in parallel, one predicts words from left to right, the other from right to left, and then the result of both networks is glued together. A bidirectional neural network handles several tasks better tha
Netflix is an American Company that specializes in providing online streaming media as demanded by its customers in Canada, the United States and Latin America. It is also known for its by-mail DVD delivery services to millions of subscribers across the United States. By the end of February 2007, Netflix had realized a billionth delivery of its DVD. Its recent move to rebrand DVD rental services into an independent subsidiary company called Qwikster raised mixed reactions among customers and other analysts. The move by the company could be one of the best decisions ever made by the management as echoed by the company’s chief executive officer, Mr. Reed Hastings. Based on the long term strategies that the company is focused on, it is aimed at enhancing a sustainable competitive advantage for long term business operations. By separating renting of DVDs from online streaming of movies, the company is likely to expand its customer base and meet their individual needs based on specialized services and products being offered by individual companies with distinct websites i.e. Qwikster.com and Netflix.com. On the other hand, the move may have a negative impact on the company in terms of its relationship with customers and its ability to win their confidence through rebranding. Notably, the reactions from customers on facebook page of over 16,000 subscribers indicate that the move was not welcome by most of its subscribers who think that this would inconvenience them. Although the move may turn out profitable, reactions from subscribers show that mos
Executive Summary This paper gives a detailed analysis of Best Food Superstores with specific interest on the relationship between the store’s staff and its customers. Several aspects in the customer service department have led to the development of a sour relationship between the stores’ loyal customers and some of the stores’ staff members especially the cashiers. One of the major issues that have caused complaints from the customers is the overcharging of prices of various commodities in the store. Additionally, the stores’ employees do not uphold courtesy while serving their customers. Most of the employees do not know some of the vital policies of the stores such as the pricing policy thus are not in a position to award quality service to customers. Moreover, the food store exhibits products that have misleading labels-poor labeling. Due to these shortcomings, it has been suggested that the stores should do all that it takes to improve their customer service significantly. It should consider training its employees on how to handle customers, ensure that products have proper labels and improve its entire marketing mix. Background There are several retail outlets in the Food industry. Among such retail outlets is the Best Food Superstores. This study revolves around one of Best Food Superstores. The stores form part of a highly competitive market but have been able to acquire and maintain some loyal customers despite some flaws in both its operational activities as well as in the management. This paper seeks to analyze the situation at hand, as presented by one of the store’s loyal customers, besides providing alternative ways of perfecting the store’s services to its customers. The flaws in the store(s) Best Food Superstores have been overcharging their customers deliberately and only address the complaints that knowledgeable customers. Brenda, loyal customer to the one of the stores, gives several instances where she was a victim of such. In one incidence, she reports that she was overcharged $1 on a bottle of olive oil. According to the letter, she encountered more cases of overcharging. Surprisingly, she seems to understand the pricing policy of the store more than the employees who have served in the store for a relatively long time. This is evident in the incidence where the cashiers try to consult each other on what they would do in regard to an item she had just bought which apparently was overcharged. The management of the stores is reluctant to address overcharging of products in the store. It has directed the cashiers to address the complaints of the customers who understand the policy. Additionally, it
Introduction The Coca-Cola Company has a worldwide reputation for it manufactures its products for more than a century already. It started as a small private enterprise and over the years has grown into a large corporation that has subsidiaries throughout the world. The company faced several problems in the course of its development, but its talented management succeeded in coping with all the challenges. Currently, the company faces challenges in managing its channel members who conceal the discounts which it offers to the consumers; motivating the channel partners through collaboration and sharing of the profits may help to deal with this problem. Literature Review In general, managing the channel is all about improving the performance of the company. Albaum, Duerr, & Strandskov (2005) view a channel as a network consisting of “several stakeholders – that is, independent or dependent companies that are interrelated and all have a stake in the success of the network” (p. 264). It is often the case that the companies face problems with managing channel members. Most of the scholars agree with the idea that there exist several approaches in managing channel conflict. Reid & Bojanic (2009) note that two basic of these approaches are behavioral (influencing channel power and leadership) and contractual (dealing with vertical marketing systems). Havalday & Cavale (2006), in their turn, believe that collective goal setting can also be efficient while managing the channel conflict. In this case, all the goals are agreed upon by both parties and achieved mutually. Moreover, “they feel that they have been a ‘partner’ in the decision and are more likely to abide by it” (Havalday & Cavale 2006, p. 13.17). After the goals are established, channel managers should collaborate to achieve them (Gorchels, West, & Marien 2004). This means that they should stimulate sales using different support tools and programs. Application The Coca-Cola Company needs to introduce several changes to deal with the problems it faces in managing channel members. First of all, it should adopt a behavioral approach to managing channel conflict, because this approach will increase the cooperation of the channel members. In addition, a behavioral approach