ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
According to Smith, the value of a particular commodity is usually determined by a series of factors. In the early years, the cost of items was determined by the amount of labor required to gather these commodities. The author notes that this method was used before people started accumulating stock and valuing properties. Nevertheless, the price of a particular item is determined by three factors: labor, land, and inventory. Labor refers to the skills required in gathering commodities and the hardships encountered during this process. Stock refers to the accumulated resources that can be used to purchase labor or goods. Alternatively, supply can be turned into money. A surplus in stock could drive prices down, while the scarcity of stock pushes prices up. The land never used to be a factor in determining prices when it was abundant and free. However, when all land is privately owned, its impact on commodity prices is evident—the cost of rent paid on land factors into a commodity’s final price. Items are produced and gathered from land resources. High rent prices translate into high commodity prices. The realistic prices of commodities are determined by several factors that vary from one place to another. The natural price is realized when an item’s value is just enough to cover the cost of rent, labor, and stock profits. When a commodity is sold at a realistic price, the person selling the price does not accrue any profits. The natural price is not the same as the market price. The market price is higher than the genuine price when the demand for a particular commodity is higher than its supply and vice versa. A balance of demand and supply ensures that the costs of things remain natural. Market prices are also determined by factors external such as natural calamities. For an item to stay in the market, it has to have a higher market price than its actual cost.
Abstract Conflict is an inevitable part of all human interactions. Most people perceive conflict as a negative element in human relationships due to its disruptive and emotional consequences. However, if properly managed, conflict promotes innovation and prevents occurrence of major disagreements. Conflict in organization often results from competition over limited resources, ineffective communication, differing views and perceptions, ambiguity in role description, and organizational change. Human resource managers have devised various methods of resolving conflict most of which are aimed at reaching a consensus acceptable to the conflicting parties. Some of the strategies employed include cooperation, compromise, avoidance, reconciliation, among others. The hospitality industry’s human resource management has to motivate its workers in order to enhance work relations and improve productivity. Unfortunately managers are often faced with a major challenge of striking a balance between the positive and negative impacts of conflict. Introduction Conflict is an inherent part of life. It occurs between people in all kinds of human interaction and social settings (Condrey 608). Conflict in itself is not necessarily a bad thing; the manner in which people handle conflict determines whether it is constructive or destructive. Conflict has been defined as the incompatibility of goals and values between two or more parties coupled with attempts to dominate each other. These incompatible goals may exist in reality or merely in perception. However, the opposing actions and hostile emotions elicited by the conflicting parties are the real causes of persistent human conflict. Modern organizations are characterized by conflict emanating from economic interests, value conflict, and power conflict (Guttmann 33). Constant conflict occurring in organizations can have devastating effects on overall business performance due to its tendency to result in demoralization of employees, polarization of co-workers, and diversion of energy from meeting the organization’s objectives (Guttmann 33). This has prompted organization’s human resource management to devise strategies to deal with human conflict in organization. A survey conducted on 1400 workers by the University of Colorado revealed that over half of workers in the organization lost a considerable amount of time engaging in conflicts with colleagues (Guttmann 33). In addition one third of the employees acknowledged that their commitment to work and to their employers had significantly reduced due to organizational conflict while 22% claimed that it had reduced their productivity (Guttmann 33). Managers suffer equally from the negative impacts of conflict within organizations. The same study revealed that managers spent an estimated 25% of their time resolving work place conflict which resulted in low office performance (Guttmann 33). Due to the negative impacts of conflict in organizations, there has been an increased need to effectively manage human interactions and associations
In their news article, “COVID-19 aftermath: Is child abuse going unnoticed due to pandemic isolation, weariness?,” DeMio and Mitchell (2021) address two tragic cases of child abuse. In Cincinnati, 3-year-old Nylo Lattimore was missed in December 2020, and only after 143 days, the child’s body was discovered in the Ohio River (DeMio & Mitchell, 2021). Nylo’s mother, Nyteisha Lattimore, and her boyfriend, Desean Brown, have reportedly killed the toddler and tried to hide their crime
Introduction T. Coraghessan Boyle published his short story Greasy Lake in 1985. The author represents the changing times by the story about three 19-year old rebellious young men who seek for and find troubles in a town called Greasy Lake. The opening to the story is a line from the song “Spirit in the Night” by Bruce Springsteen. The song tells about people who have fun on a greasy lake and about those who end up in the lake. Boyle takes the symbolic image from the song and adds his own vision. Boyle uses a number of symbols in his story. The main symbols are the lake, the keys, and the car. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how these symbols occur in the plot of Boyle’s story. Analysis The lake is the main symbol in the story. Water represents a transition in the literature (Bevan 47). The multitude of folk stories tells about their heroes traveling across the oceans to find themselves in new places full of dangers and opportunities (Urban 13). In Scandinavian mythology, water is the symbol of transition into another reality, the world of the gods and the fallen warriors (Jung 217). Boyle keeps the literary tradition. When the characters of his story enter the town called Greasy Lake, their normal life ends giving place to all kinds of extraordinary events. The lake is polluted. The words “grease”, “dirt”, “mud”, “blood” constantly reappear in the text creating the image of a soiled repulsive place that nevertheless attracts the attention of young people who are eager to change their lives. The narrator speaks about “greasy bad character” underlining the malevolence of the surrounding greasy environment. The lake is dark. The main characters of the story lose their path in the darkness, giving way to fear and primal rage. The transition from ordinary people to wild animals is clear. After they have found themselves on territory outside their normal surroundings, the young men start to behave in strange, frightening ways. The second important symbol in Boyle’s story is the car. Vehicles are another symbol of transition and change (Andersen 53). From ancient times people have constructed various types of transport to reach new unexplored places, search for a better life, and find their place in the world (Reichard 491). The main characters of the story admire fast cars and motorcycles. The narrator presents many details about the vehicles that he sees at Greasy Lake. A lot of action in the story is connected with the vehicles. The cars and motorcycles described in the story contribute to the image of their owners and to the overall greasy atmosphere of narration. The owner of the big 57 Chevy appears to be a “bad greasy charact
Executive summary The Australian tourism and hospitality industry has continued to grow tremendously. Currently, the sector contributes significantly to the country’s GDP. Despite global threats such as terrorism and economic depression, the sector has continued to bolster impressive results. However, with the growing competition from other countries such as South Africa, USA, and China, many factors need to be considered to gain a competitive edge. Price and quantity demanded are the principal guidelines to setting prices of facilities in this sector. As such, the country should endeavour to provide competitive prices as well as the right quantity to its domestic and international tourists. Price and Quantity Adjustments for Australian Tourism and Hospitality Products The impact on the market for Australian tourism products of a decrease in the price of tourism products in the United States A decrease in the price of United States tourism products will have a significant effect on the demand for Australian tourism products. This will affect the demand curve of Australian tourism products. This phenomenon can be best explained using the traditional demand and supply curve. Figure 1: Demand and Supply of Hospitality Products 10 50 100 150 200 250 Assuming the graph is representative of the current Australian tourism demand and supply trend, we can conclude that the quantity demanded of hospitality products is 100 units at a price of 15. This is, therefore, our Australian market equilibrium. However, it is generally accepted that marketing, technological advancements, and pricing policies of competitors can easily destabilise market equilibrium. Nada and Sarath notes that since the United States and Australian tourism industry share a lot, any changes in market activities in one region, easily affect the other party 1 . By reducing the prices of its products, the United States will attract more tourist, local, and international, to use its affordable facilities. This will consequently reduce the demand for Australian tourism products, which will be viewed by many tourists as too expensive. In this case, services become substitutes for one another. Since the effect is price motivated, there will be a movement along the demand curve, but not a shift of the demand curve. The quantity demanded would thus, drop from 100 units to say 50 units. This drop will represent a downward movement along the demand curve. These changes will influence quantity exchanged and price differently. To retain its tourism market, the Australian marketing authority may step in to reduce prices of its facilities. According to Singh, Australia being “one of the leading tourist destinations,” this option presents a good opportunity for curbing loss of market 2 . Otherwise, the Australian quantity will reduce. However, according to Tourism Australia, the reduction will not be very significant considering that international tourism only represe
According to Bryant, the term “lila” is essential for understanding the theological aspect of the Krishna text (115). It means “pure play” or spontaneously passing time. Bryant additionally explains the term as the definition of the God (or Krishna) in play (115). Lila is often used to explain the activities of God in Bhagavata. However, in the Bhagavad Gita, it is not utilized at all. The contrast is explained by the context of the two books. In addition, being able to participate in lila with Gob in the compared to reaching the perfection in one’s existence. The nature of ultimate reality or what is considered supreme (final) according to Bryant is Brahma (126). Krishna is the God, and his actions are depicted in the tenth book of Bhagavata Purana. Some of the depiction involves lila. Bryant explains that the book portrays Krishna as the “Absolute Truth” (126). From him, everything else in the world has developed and evolved. Therefore, the connection between Bhagavata Purana, Krishna, and lila is in the fact that the book is focused on the deeds of Krishna. Krishna is considered to be the nature of all things. The lila or the playful things that Krishna did are a part of this reality.
Six significant elements make up a comprehensive safety and health program. They include the management’s commitment and leadership, assignment of responsibility, identifying and controlling hazards, provision of training and education, and record keeping and hazard scrutiny. The other important element is the provision of first aid. Provision of medical care is also deemed as important. Commitment to management and leadership The management needs to take charge by developing a policy statement through which goals are established and issued via a communication to all the relevant departments and individuals (US Fire Administration 19). It also involves revising programs annually, the commitment of resources, and the strict observation of safety rules by the management. Equally, the management must fully participate in safety meetings and perform inspections, while ensuring that the rules and procedures on safety are integrated into site operations. Assignment of responsibility This involves establishing a safety designee and supervisors who have knowledge and accountability. The supervisors should understand their responsibilities when it comes to matters of safety and health. On the other hand, employees should strictly adhere to the safety rules established. Identifying and controlling hazards Periodic program on the inspection of site safety involving the supervisors should be scheduled while putting in place preventive controls. The program includes engineering controls, maintenance, as well as PPE. Stipulated action needs to be established on how to address hazards, and a safety committee also established appropriately. The management should design enforcement procedures and avail the needed technical references. Training and education All the supervisors should receive basic training and, where possible, specialized training should equally be offered. A comprehensive training program for the employees should be in place to ascertain effectiveness (Carter and Rausch 189). Recordkeeping and analysis of hazard Records on injuries and illnesses affecting employees should be maintained and the summary posted in a particular month to enable the organization to track the information accurately and take the necessary actions. Supervisors should investigate accident causes, as well as come up with proposals on the corrective ac
Biography of David Lynch David Lynch was born on January 20, 1946, in Missoula, Montana. He studied art at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art in Philadelphia. Being interested in painting, he tried himself in animation and became interested in shooting movies. Working on the script for the movie The Grandmother , he applied for grand offered by the American Film Institute, and fortunately for him, he managed to win. This short movie was very important for the director’s career. The next movie David Lynch shot, was a full one. Working on Eraserhead, the director was refused in support as many people did not trust in the movie but did not want to stop the young professional. It should be mentioned that the attempt to present the movie at the Cannes Film Festival were in vain. The festival organizers did not trust the movie’s success. The 1980s are considered to be the years in David Lynch’s life when his success became visible. The Elephant Man was one of the first great performances which made David Lynch successful. This movie was nominated eight times at Academy Awards, where David Lynch personally was nominated twice for the Best Director and the Best Adapted Screenplay. After this success, David Lynch became more assured of his talent and the possibility to create a movie that really deserves attention. The outside appreciation of the director’s success was proved by George Lucas’ offer to direct the 3 rd film in the Star Wars trilogy , Return of the Jedi . Even though it was a great offer, David Lynch refused. It was just the beginning of David Lynch’s career, which followed many other great movies, which gave the director popularity. Five Films Directed by David Lynch The Elephant Man The Elephant Man is a story based on the books which were written about a prominent man of the 19 th century, Joseph Merrick. This drama is about a person who does not look like others and suffers from this. The Straight Story The story is about a man who has got to know about the disease of his brother, who has decided to go and support him despite their quarrel ten years ago. Being almost blind, he uses a riding lawn-mower. The plot is based on the travel and people Straight meets during his driving. Blue Velvet Blue Velvet is a story about a young man who returns to his native father to stay with his sick father. He becomes a participant in the detective investigations as he is not sure that the police are interested in capturing the criminal. The story is not that simple as the main character begins romantic relationships with the women supposed to be connected with the criminals. Mulholland Drive Being presupposed as the series, Mulholland Drive was not accepted by the investors, and Lynch had to refuse the idea of shooti
Challenges experienced by new product managers and how to cope with them Businesses in different economic sectors have over the past few decades experienced an increment in the number of challenges they are facing within the business environment. One of the major challenges relates to increment in the intensity of competition (Lamb, 2012, p.40). To cope with these challenges, firms’ management teams are integrating different competitive strategies. One of the major competitive tools that are being utilized entails incorporation of New Product Development (NPD) (Krishnan & Prabhu, 1999, p.1). According to Krishnan and Prabhu (1999, p. 1), the process entails a number of stages from idea generation to the launch of the new product (Huang, 2010, p. 387). Rainey (2005, p.105) asserts that new product development is a vital strategy in firms’ survival. However, there are challenges that new product development managers experience. Some of these challenges are evaluated below. Poor linkage across the various functional structures According to Tidd and Bessant (2011, p.34), one of the major challenges that firms experience in their effort to develop new products and services is associated with the fact that they are not effectively designed or structured for this purpose. However, Tidd and Bessant (2011, p.34) are of the opinion that most organizations are designed to serve a particular operational need. As a result, NPD is an infrequent and unusual requirement. Additionally, most organizations have adopted hierarchical organizational structures which are considered to be rigid with regard to communication. In an effort to ensure success in the new product development process, most organizations are adopting team-based approach by integrating various functional teams into the new product development project with each of the teams headed by its own leader. Ensuring cooperation amongst members of the various functional structures is very important in the success of the NPD process (Huang, 2010, p. 387). This arises from the fact that it results in creation of synergy in the NPD process with increases the probability of success. Despite this, product development managers face a challenge emanating from existence of poor relationship amongst the functional structure team members. Poor relationship and cooperation amongst the team members may culminate in poor coordination of the project. According to Rainey (2005, p.105), it is very important for the product development manager to ensure that the new product development process is aligned with the firm’s organizational structure and management system. Inadequate marketing information Collecting reliable marketing information is very important in the success of a new product development. This arises from the fact that the product develo
Introduction Business events are often informative, resourceful, and provide a direct reflective nomenclature that can be transformed into a business idea or used to understand the operation of the business. This paper is divided into three parts. Part one examines the nature of events attended, time of occurrence, location, and reason for the choice of the events. Besides, goals are set for each event, and expectations are listened to in the short and long term. Part two and three examine each event in detail. I have selected “ Global experience at Work” event hosted by the Ottawa Chamber of Commerce at Sheraton Ottawa, 150 Albert Street, Ottawa, on Wednesday, March 28th, 2012 at 8:15 am to 10:30 am. The other event is the “ Light Rail Trade show ,” hosted by the Ottawa Business Journal and Ottawa Chamber of Commerce on February 9, 2012, at CE Centre (4899 Uplands Drive) 7:30 am. Being an aspiring business expert, these events were relevant to building my career and acquiring a head start in business operation. The “ Global experience at Work” event was mainly organized for the exploration of scope and career opportunities available in the labor market. This meeting encompassed best practices and an alternative approach in doing business through the engagement of experts in running a business. Specifically, the seminar touched on business incubation, the role of entrepreneurship among young people, and career growth in business. In the posting for this event, the organizers promised one on one interaction with the best experts and business consultants in Ottawa. The “ Light Rail Trade show” event was almost a must-attend meeting for the young aspiring business person or those eying employment in the procurement industry. The main theme of this event was the realization of full potential in quality service delivery and transaction efficiency. As promised by its organizers, the event aimed at pulling best practices and professionals in the procurement industry to discuss the potential of the same, challenges, and possibilities of expansion as the world has become a global village. Also, the event promised a presentation of affordable modern practices that have been developed as a business community to embrace technological advancement. This event presented an opportunity for interaction with those already in business and opportunities available in the expanding industry (Berkhout, 2005). SMART goals In the “ Global experience at Work” event, the main goal of attending the same was to acquire professional insight and research on career opportunities through interaction with business management experts. This goal captures consultation on planning, financial services, and business models (Berkhout, 2005). In the short term, my expectation was a general understanding of opportunities a