ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The exhibition of artworks of a renowned French artist Jean-Baptist Oudry at the J. Paul Getty Museum opened on May 1 st , 2007. It represents 11 paintings of the artist who was widely famous for his depictions of animals and hunting in the period of the reign of Louis XV (Sterling, 1955). Although his paintings represent various animals and birds, the particularly interesting ones are the painting of a rhinoceros Clara and the painting of a lion. The J. Paul Getty Museum is located up on a hill to where everyone can get by taking a tram. While ascending the hill, going up and away from the routine of daily life, one involuntary finds himself thinking that he or she is about to embark on a marvelous journey of discovery and inspiration, and the sight that opens to the view of the visitors once they enter Oudry’s exhibition proves that these expectations were not in vain. Although located in a relatively small area, the exhibition represents a wide variety of the animals that belonged to the menagerie built in Versailles near Paris, France by Louis XV centuries ago. It automatically evokes feelings of awe, admiration, fear, and wonder as one looks up at the life-size images of the lion and the rhinoceros among others gazing down at the crowd of spellbound visitors. The painting of Clara, the rhinoceros, is about 10 feet tall and 15 feet wide and depicts the grand animal in the finest detail. Moreover, Clara and the lush exquisite landscape against which she is painted seem to be ideally matching pieces of a huge puzzle: the rhinoceros’ jawline smoothly connects to the line of the horizon, and the fold of her skin on the back continues to the hill painted on the background. It is hard to imagine what feelings the painting evoked when the people of Louis XV looked at it when even contemporary tried art lovers gasp quietly approaching the canvass. The effect it made on people in the 18 th century was likely quite dramatic, especially considering that Clara was the first rhinoceros seen in Europe in 200 years. It was brought to Europe from India and was considered to be an integral part of the royal court traveling throughout European towns and capitals. It is probable that involuntary Clara also contributed to the fame and authority of Louis XV as a symbol of his overriding power that stretches far beyond the borders of the country. Clara attracts the largest portion of attention in the exhibition. Cleverly described as a “gentle giant”, she seems to reach out to the audience, as if she is about to step out from the painting. The reason for this is, in the opinion of the museum curator Morton, are the eyes: ‘It’s the eyes in Rembrandt’s portraits that make you feel the presence of a soul in his paintings, Oudry does the same with animals’ (Smith, 2007) Clara’s silent and powerful neighbor – the lion – traveled with her to Los Angeles from Europe to undergo thorough and scrupulous conservation. Both of them were inaccessible to the general public for more than a hundred years and were rediscovered, resurrected, and presented by the team of the J. Paul Getty Museum. The lion is like Clara a very powerful a
Introduction It is widely known that a person is what he or she eats. Considering nutrition habits, it is possible to determine their impact on one’s health and come up with valuable recommendations on how to modify them to achieve better health outcomes. This written report presents the analysis of my Meal Summary Report, Nutrients Report, and Food Groups and Calories Report to reveal the factors affecting my food and beverage choices, compare the latter with SuperTracker’s Recommended Targets, and understand my nutrition health impacts in an in-depth manner. Factors Affecting Food / Beverage Choices Reviewing my Meal Summary Report, it is possible to state that the biological factor is one of the determinants that affected my food and beverage choices. During three days, I ate various delicious foods, including avocado, spaghetti, and seafood as well as drank almond milk, pure water, and tea. This variety shows that I prefer different nutrition focusing on taste and appetite. Another factor impacting my food choices is a physical one. My Meal Summary Report indicates that the preparation of some meals required time and effort for cooking. Therefore, I can state that I am aware of nutrition knowledge and have some cooking skills. The third factor that can be tracked in the given report refers to health factors. My food and beverage choices were largely affected by the intention to maintain good dietary habits. For example, I excluded fats and dressing from salads to make my nutrition healthier. The fact that I drank enough water can also be regarded as a sign of proper nutrition. My snacks such as sliced tomatoes or almonds were also healthy. Even though I ate a cheesecake and drank Pepsi (Caffeine Free Diet Pepsi), it is appropriate to eat sweets rarely. In sum, biological, physical, and health factors affected my food and beverage choices. All of them are health-promoting since they impact positively on my nutrition and health in general. The consumption of fat-free products, variety, and adequate intake of water is the key health-promoting issues that can be noted in my Meal Summary Report. I believe that such a choice is likely to help to keep my body healthy, thus enhancing my immunity and protecting me from diseases. My Diet vs. SuperTracker’s Recommended Targets Food Groups My consumption of vegetables and protein was within the target. At the same time, according to my Food Groups and Calories Report, grains, fruits, dairy, oils, and total calories were under target. In general, the report shows a lack of nutrients and a significantly low-calorie average (1010 calories compared to the 2400 calories limit). It seems that the insufficient intake of grains, in particular, whole grains can lead to the development of a certain chronic disease. For instance, people who experience prolonged deficiency of grains are at a higher risk of metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. Since whole grains include vitamins, dietary fiber, beta-glucan, minerals, phytosterols, phytic, and ot
Introduction IKEA is one of the largest and most successful furniture retailers in the world. IKEA is a privately owned company that mainly deals with the designing and selling of ready-to-assemble furniture items like home accessories, appliances, desks, and beds (Owens, 2000). The report addresses IKEA’s marketing, value chain, intangible products, customers, and performance. IKEA’s marketing Based on the article by Edvardsson, Enquist, and Hay (2006), IKEA’s value proposition emphasizes on high-quality furniture products. These are normally provided to customers at rock-bottom prices. In other words, there is value for money in the products and services that IKEA offers. In order to achieve the above goal, IKEA has developed a low cost supplier system which is coordinated via a network of warehouses and global logistics system. This way, the company can assemble various furniture components in a very short time. Moreover, IKEA has partnered with its customers in a bid to create value. As the largest furniture retailer in the world, IKEA is strategically positioned to offer “a wide range of home furnishings of good design and functionality at a price low enough to be afforded by most people” (Edvardsson, Enquist, & Hay 2006, p.236). What this means is that IKEA creates a competitive advantage that is best realized by providing well designed home furnishing items at low prices. IKEA also utilizes an efficient pricing strategy that helps to keep prices low while also providing unique styles. The company boasts of stylish and well designed products that are sold at low prices thereby creating product differentiation relative to competition. Rather than targeting the rich, IKEA products have been designed in such a way that most people can afford them. Therefore, IKEA’s positioning and differentiation revolves around such democratic design dimensions as low price, functionality, and form. As indicated in the case study, “no other furniture manufacturer is producing designed home furnishings that featured all three of these elements” (Edvardsson et al., 2006, p. 236). Other than this democratic approach, IKEA also uses innovative thinking which is realized through integration of the aforementioned three elements. Lastly, the company uses a “down-to-earth” approach whereby designers work from the factory floor instead of far flung prestigious offices. Value Chain IKEA’s value chain is made up of manufacturing components, final assembly, retail, and customers. These sources are based on the 3ps which are price (economic), planet (environment), and people (social perspective). These values are related to the needs and wants of customers. For instance, IKEA’s economic values are derived from cost effectiveness during production and transportation, low prices of goods and products and high quality products that meet consumers’ expectations. Environmental valu
The “doomsday clock” on American healthcare is perhaps just seconds from midnight, but the clock has been fitfully ticking for an entire century. Healthcare remains a difficult issue in the modern United States, and the tortured path that President Barack Obama’s Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (colloquially known as “Obamacare”) has taken towards passage and acceptance during President Obama’s first term is indicative of the complexity and divisiveness of this issue in the United States. Obamacare might or might not succeed, but in any case, some form of national healthcare is eminently necessary: “no care” is simply not feasible. Nevertheless, not everyone agrees with the position that some form of national healthcare should be elaborated and supported. The opponents of the necessity to create a form of government healthcare plan have many counterarguments, and one of the most common among them is whether the state officials, who majorly do not have enough qualifications in the area of medicine, should control important matters that are related to the healthcare. Among the most active supporters of this position are the members of The American Medical Association (AMA), who are licensed, medical doctors and medical students. As Greg M. Shaw observed in Healthcare Debate , “The mood of the leadership of the AMA was one of fierce opposition to further steps toward compulsory insurance.” (Shaw 32). The concerns, stated by the members of AMA, are well-grounded as it is true that in such areas
New Orleans was one of the cities greatly affected by Hurricane Katrina. Subsequent efforts to rebuild the city back to its initial state have proved much expensive and a real burden to the citizens. The estimated cost for the refurbishment of New Orleans is expected to be about $200 billion. The biggest compromise is whether the government should go ahead and spend this huge sum or this same amount should be given to the residents. I do object to the idea of spending hugely to rehabilitate the city, and as the economist, Ed Glaeser pointed out; New Orleans should be allowed to fail without being bailed out (Glaeser 2007). Ed Glaeser’s Argument is indeed true, especially when evaluated from an economical point of view (Glaeser 2007). For instance, insurance policy states that once insured the property is damaged, the owner of such a property is entitled to cash reimbursement. The owner will then decide to either repair or replace the same property. Finding an alternative investment may also work out as is in some circumstances. The government, in this case, intends to rebuild New Orleans as an insurance measure against the destruction by Hurricane Katrina. It will be wise for the government to give residents vouchers so that they decide on what to do with the cash. This will open up new economic ventures for those who might be still willing to do business in the city as well as provide initial capital for others who may opt to invest elsewhere outside New Orleans. The current poverty levels in the city of New Orleans are also a factor to go by in evaluating the government’s intention to rebuild the city. It is clear that the city was a major economic hub when water transport was largely exploited in the United States of America. The port by then provided employment to multitudes and exploitation of alternative means of transport and introduction of containerization has greatly cut down such employment rates. The estimated annual per capita income of the city is less than $20,000 (Glaeser 2007). This implies that more effort should be channeled towards economically empowering the residents to raise their living standards than spending to reinstate the city’s infrastructure. Thus, giving cash vouchers to the residents will act as a major life-changing moment for the residents. Rebuilding New Orleans does not successfully guarantee economic recovery of the city. However, it will be a big waste to invest such a huge amount of money in a project that will do little to change the people’s overall lifestyle, and status and such a move will be a big economic failure. The best viable solution to the current state of the city is one that targets the living standards of the residents than the general infrastructure of the city. A lot of money may be spent into the overall processes to reinstate the infrastructure that will serve an aesthetic value rather than an economic one (Germany 2007). It is absolute that rebui
Introduction ‘Night’, a Jewish holocaust novel authored by Eliezer Wiesel, presents the impression of a dark tale that is experienced by the author, who describes his first-hand ordeal with the Nazis. In my opinion, there exists no suitable vocabulary word to provide an appropriate title for the holocaust of the Jews. At such a time in history, the oppressors had forgotten human nature, but the family spirit of those being oppressed was not distorted. Instead, it was made stronger. Although the Eliezer’s people were devoured in anguish and pain, they did not seem to forget God’s presence in their hearts. This situation made some of the Jews to push on with the inhuman life under the hands of the Nazis. However, some Jews felt that God had forgotten them. Being Jews who are considered as strictly religious community, they started blaming Him for abandoning them in times of need. It reached a point where Eliezer had to trust and seek protection from his father than God Himself. The Relationship between Eliezer and His Father Eliezer’s relationship with his father has been variously highlighted in the novel, ‘Night’. In the beginning, he looked up to his father as a role model since he was highly regarded as a Jew elder. He was a consultant to issues that pertained to the Jewish community. This situation made Eliezer to look up to him even though he was too involved with the welfare of the Sighet Jewish Community and not with his own family (Wiesel 43). Generally, Eliezer admired the fact that his father was prayerful and he kept his utmost faith in God even in the time of oppression. During the separation of women and men in Birkenau, Auschwitz, Eliezer decided to stay with his father. He was separated from his mother and sisters. Eliezer’s love and affection towards his fathe
Introduction Merger is the process whereby two or more companies combine together such that all their operations are carried out as one. Over the recent past, there have been several mergers of firms within oligopolies. When two or more companies merge, the control of their assets becomes vested on under one control. However, there are some regulations which guide the process. In this study, there is a need to distinguish between a merger and acquisition or takeover. The main difference between the two is that in the merger the company retains a shared interest in the corporation formed after merging. On the other side, one company may buy a larger fraction of its partner’s stock which leads to imbalance in the ownership of the new formed company. The main aim for the companies to form merges is to increase their profitability. When two companies merge, the resultant company enjoys the advantages of bulk buying of the law materials, which significantly reduces its production costs. There are several types of mergers. The first type of merger is known as vertical merger. This is the most common type of mergers in the business world. This is a form of merging where a corporation merges with its client (or suppliers) in order to build up on the chain of supply. The second type is horizontal merger. This is a type of a merge between two companies which are direct competitors in the same market. In most cases, this involves a larger company taking the small one. After combining, the two companies can significantly reduce their operational costs as well as their financial obligations. Another type of merger is conglomerate merger. This type involves two companies in different businesses. These businesses are not related in any way. This form of a merger is fueled by the craving of a firm to get better its (financial) wealth. The major concern with mergers is that they may eliminate competition in the industry. This leads to a situation where customers are left prone to exploitation by the producers. Different efforts have been laid to discourage the competitively harmful mergers. Commissions encourage the competitively beneficial or neutral mergers. These are not likely to cause suffering to the consumers. In other words, some form of mergers can lead to overexploitation of consumers. Discussion In most cases, the Federal Trade Commission has to be notified in advance about any proposed merger in order to access the impacts of the merge to the consumer. This is in attempt to protect the customer from unnecessary merges which can be dangerous. The commission has the right to stop any merger which poses a major threat to the consumer’s welfare. One of the proposed mergers involves Keystone Holdings and Compagnie de Saint-Gobain’s Advanced Ceramics Business. This merger raised a major concern by Federal Trade Commission over its effect on the nature of competition. It was projected that the merger was likely going to affect the competition for alumina wear tile in the Northern America Market (Federal Trade Commission, 2010, Par 1). In such situations, the commission is forced to put certain restrictions in order to pro
Introduction The central figure of the medieval church, who is Jesus Christ, was born during the reign of King Harold in the sixth centaury. Dionysius Exiguous used the death of Christ to come up with a calendar system running from the beginning of the Christ’s era, and that year is called the first year of the Christian era AD 1. The date given by modern scholars for Christ’s birth generally falls between the eight and the fourth year before Christ. When and what age Christ died is not known for certain but he was probably executed in the year 30 AD. To some of His fellow Jews Jesus of Nazareth was the long awaited messiah, the fulfillment of the Prophecies, the savior of the people and the expected of nations. They had him preach not a new Law but the fulfillment of the Jewish law summarized in the sermon on the mountain (Matthew Chs 5-6) in a doctrine of universal love. The political problems that he posed for the rabbinical leaders and for Roman authority led to his execution by crucifixion on a hill outside Jerusalem between two thieves. Due to his persecution Christ’s followers were compelled to follow his footsteps and teachings. It is believed that he resurrected on the third day after his burial making the faith of his followers even more deep because of the supernatural occurrence of his resurrection after which he moved to heaven after fourteen days after he had resurrected. His followers were said to have been inspired by the Holy Spirit under the appearance of tongues of fire (Williston 1980). They believed that the human race had fallen into sins of Adam and Eve and for mankind to be redeemed from this sins God sent his son to the earth in form of a human being whose death on the cross was a redemptive sacrifice for the whole of the human race, Christ, the God in form of a man, was a redeemer, a savior and a reconciler. It was through belief in him that salvation which was free for all was to come to the world. This was the massage his followers were to preach. The twelve disciples of Jesus, several scores of other disciples and a band of holy women, a scant hundred or so in total formed the core group from which the Christian church was to grow, with the mandate to preach the good news to all people baptizing them in the name of the father the son and the holy spirit. (Matthew 28: 19, Mark 16: 15 and Acts 1: 8) the band of early Christians were all Jews and valued themselves as part of the Jewish religious tradition (Judaism). There decision was not to subject the gentiles to J
Introduction In the Greek history includes major contributions of change through art. Poetry made a major contribution to change. Among the poets who made change through poetry is Sappho. An examination of Sappho’s life as a poet shows her contribution to change. This essay will give a biography of Sappho and explain how and why she acted as an agent of change. Biography Sappho was the Greek poet who lived in Lesbos and wrote poems between 610-580 B. C. According to Lewis (1), the poems were published but they were later los. For this reason, her poems were obtained as quotes from other publications. The poems had been recorded around 300-200 B.C. in ten books. During her time, women would gather and share the poems they had written. Most of her poems’ center of attention was relationships of women. Thus, it is argued that Sappho was a proponent of homosexuality while others argue that it was in order in that era for women to express feeling for one another. She was from an aristocrat and is believed that she had a daughter. She was also married by a wealthy man. Although there lacks certainty, it is believed she died after throwing herself on a rock after losing a lover. How and why Sappho the Greek poet is an agent of change. Sappho is believed to have written the poems to her fellow women and possibly her daughter about relationships with other women. According to Lewis (1), Sappho’s love poems address women from Lesbos; an island where the women would meet. The name lesbian was coined with reference to the Island. Sappho may be viewed as an agent of change due to her ideas on freedom of women. Her poems and ideas have made contributions towards legitimizing the female desires and glorified beauty and love among women. She lived in a society that was dominated by men and women had no place in the society. She therefore wanted freedom as a woman. The Greek poet was able to share her views about the human rights concerning women during the meetings she had with the women in Lesbos Island. Other than her poetic literature, Sappho also shared with women the social skills and even religious views (Greeka.com 1). Sappho advocated for education of women prior to getting married. She was a proponent since she had gathered a group of women to support the notion. She taught the young women her poems and even made bridal odes for them at the time of marriage. Besides, she was also a good writer of songs and hymns. At the time men were allowed to travel long to get educated while information about women travelling to get educated is absent. It is not certain from her poems weather women too travelled. However, by teaching groups of girls her poems, she made change and played a part in the development of women’s right to education. Sappho believed in change because she had witnessed the position of women in her society in her time. Roles were distributed according to gender as revealed by Williamson (1). A woman would only gain status after she gets married. Her duties included, among others, bearing children and domestic work. Sappho in her poems emphasized the beauty of women and their desires. She be