ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction After Stephen Wozniack and Steve Jobs founded it on 1976, they did not know that this company was going to produce one of the finest electronic gadgets of the 21 st century. Today, this company has withstood many challenges to make products such as iPods, iPads, and iPhones which have taken the market by storm. Competitive dynamics This company has taken various steps to make sure that it remains the most preferred brand in the contemporary world. As Müller (2011) argues, the company has diversified its production to incorporate mobile phones, television sets, and music gadgets such as the iPods and computers. He says that this is meant to capture the various segments of people in the society. Strengths Some of the features that place Apple ahead of its competitors include the iTunes, which O’Grady (2009), says has become a very important source of revenue to the company. In addition, he points out that the company designs and makes software and hardware. According to him, this is a way of minimizing expenses incurred as they outsource another company to make the software and the hardware. He further argues that this company has a very strong and dedicated Research and Development Centre where the people involved collect the views of the people to improve on their product. Weaknesses However, Müller (2011) has identified weaknesses in the company that has made it not move ahead as anticipated. At first, he argues that this company has very poor relations with other companies such as Microsoft and Intel. This has made it difficult for it to source chips that are used in the manufacturing of the computers. In addition, he notes that their products are not long lasting. As a result, their revenue is bound to decrease with time. Opportunities The company has taken the advantage of changing society to make products that are appealing to the eyes of the people. As a result, iPads and iPhones have become a must have for many people and especially the youth. The company has also made it possible for people to buy their products online. Threats According to O’Grady (2009), Apple’s software has been found to be incompatible with the software from other companies. He says that this has made it difficult for its customers to enjoy the benefit of installing new software in their gadgets. Moreover, he argues that most of its products are far beyond the reach of many. He further claims that the main competitor, Microsoft, has introduced in the market Microsoft Vista and the Windows 7, which are fast moving in the market. Conclusion Carrying out a market research prior to making a product is very important in determining its success or failure in the market. Therefore, Apple’s success in the market can be attributed to this. Nucor Corporation Introduction The collapse of other companies led by the Nuclear Consultants, that had been established
Introduction Running for congress is a wanting process; it requires a lot of proper planning, wide range of political knowledge, devotion and commitment to the whole process. Nothing is more important to a successful campaign than committed leadership. Early campaign planning and strategic organizing is paramount. To win or loose the election will depend greatly on these values. First, knowing why you are running is essential. Be able to bring out your objectives clearly. ” It’s my desire to serve my people” isn’t enough. Note that people are interested in not only hearing about problems but they also want to hear about the solutions you have for their problems. So, know what you want to accomplish and be clear about it. (Lee, 2004) Necessaries Learn how to listen to people. People will not just want to hear what you have to say but they will want you to know and care about what they think. According to Lee, if you can’t be have the troubled to ask relevant questions for their concerns, then they wont trouble themselves to vote for you. Prepare pamphlets, handouts, and banners with your slogan, address, e-mail, phone number, name and your portrait. The website should be functional. One can not run for congress alone. You need people who will assist in advertisement, pooling, preparing speeches, creating and developing positions, scheduling your time, planning on how to respond to your opponent attacks and organizing volunteers (persons who will prepare letters, receive and make calls on your behalf). Running for congress is an expensive exercise. Planning for fund raising is a base for successful campaign; have board
Introduction The issue of the adverse influence of hypertension on the health status of the African American population remains unresolved because of the lack of attention to cultural and ethnic specifics. The health advocacy campaign proposed for managing the issue includes multiple steps that range from the integration of physician-led care teams for helping patients monitor their hypertension to coverage of the problem in the media to attract the support of multiple stakeholders. This means that newly integrated regulations should be put in place in order to address the challenge of hypertension in the African American population. Because the problem is serious and can lead to further complications and contribute to the declining health outcomes of the population, the creation of a new legislation is the most viable solution for enacting the proposed advocacy campaign. New Approach Toward Policymaking It is proposed to introduce a new regulation because of the differences between old and new paradigms within the context of health care. For example, a new regulation is more likely to implement a team approach, make nurses full members of teams, promote coordinated holistic care, focus on patient-centered home health, involve value-based organizations as well as “relevant professionals” that can help patients make informed decisions about their health (Milstead, 2016, p. 6). Therefore, in order to manage the problem of hypertension in African American population, there should be a firm action to support the integration of new policies and regulations that will follow the latest paradigms of healthcare and take into consideration the specific needs of the population group. Role of Existing Legislations The existing regulations on the management of hypertension as a problem are likely to contribute to the proposed campaign through providing a guideline, on top of which new efforts can be built. It is expected that the American College of Cardiology (2017a) guideline for high blood pressure in adults will influence the proposed regulations the most because it includes specific rules on how patients with hypertension should generally be approached, screened, followed-up, what are the most appropriate strategies of drug therapy, as well as how special populations should be treated. Also, it is important to mention that in November 2017, ACC and AHA lowered the definition of hypertension “from 140/90 mm Hg to 130/80 mm Hg […] to account for complications that can occur at lower numbers and to allow for earlier intervention” (American College of Cardiology, 2017b, para. 2). Therefore, when creating a regulation to address the issue of hypertension in African American population, it is important to take into account the recent developments in already existing policies. Three-Legged Stool: Influencing Policymakers In order to infl
Abstract The present paper is devoted to an investigation of social media post ownership, and it argues that the topic requires extensive discussion in modern research literature. Indeed, apart from being rather widespread nowadays, social media is rather under-researched and volatile, which makes its regulation difficult. The paper demonstrates that while certain legal and policy-related mechanisms of protecting post ownership rights do exist, there are notable difficulties and issues related to them. In particular, it is visible that a number of specific post-related events are difficult to regulate while the specifics of social media and the lack of ownership awareness in users make the protection of the rights more difficult. It is found that modern social media practice has been employing the terms of use as a means of protecting post ownership, but this method appears to have its flaws. In the end, it is concluded that the issues, which are related to post ownership, indicate the necessity of extensive scholarly investigation of the topic, which should help to promote best practices in the area. Introduction The present paper is devoted to the topic of the ownership of social media posts (for example, Facebook posts). The topic appears to be underrepresented in modern studies, which might be explained by the fact that social media is a rather recently developed and under-researched area (Edwards, 2016; Marshall & Shipman, 2015). As a result of its deficient representation in scholarly sources, the opportunities for discussing post ownership are limited. However, the extensive use of social media nowadays implies that this area of human activity requires investigation and legal regulation, which is why the present research attempts to synthesize the currently available information on the topic to encourage its discussion. The main argument of the present paper is that the area of the ownership of social media posts contains a notable number of issues and challenges that require extensive discussion to improve legal regulation. To support the argument, the paper considers the term “social media post,” defines ownership regul
Definition of “Green” in relation to hospitality industry The green phenomenon is a technology that has been acquired and being implemented in the hospitality industry with the aim of saving on the general expenses of the industry and at the same time conserving the environment (Yudelson, 2007). This is a movement that advocates for the use of the locally available materials in establishing and maintaining the social amenities like hotels, motels tourist resorts, restaurants and the likes. In utilizing such resources, it gives the building a natural look at the same time saving on the general expenses of the hotel. The green phenomenon gains its support from the fact that when a building and the facilities there in are designed in a natural form, they create a similar feeling to the guests making them even more comfortable. The green phenomenon is also a term that is used to assure the public that the measures being taken to process a certain product are safe to them and to the environment. It is all about giving a product a certain description of what it is made of and how it is the best for use (Vallero, 2008). This came of importance when it was discovered that some products may be harmful to the human system due to the substances that have been mixed. The consumers hence became particular with the contents of the products that they were buying which motivated the inception of the green labels. The green phenomenon has raised a lot of debate among the various organizations and individuals. There seems to be a lack of understanding on what exactly the term means. To many it is all about doing much for less, being able to manage a large premise with minimum resources (Goldbeck, 1995). With the current high living standard accompanied by a series of economic instability among various nations, businesses are hungry for any advices that will enable them increase their savings as they minimize on the use of resources. Going green is therefore a term that has been so much exaggerated by others. The going green movement was not meant in any way to compromise on the quality of services being provided by hospitality industries as many are currently using it. It was in the real sense to add an economical beauty to the establishment. Greening is a phenomenon that was developed in the mid sixties after it was discovered that a lot of facilities are being wasted in hotels. This was also affecting the environment and the ecosystem making it even more expensive (Fuad, 2002). This was also done w
Proposed Intervention Managing the Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) requires a complex analysis of the factors that affect a child and designing the environment in which the patient will not feel forced to challenge social norms. Therefore, in the case under analysis, it is required to use a combination of the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and a parent training program (Herzhoff, Smack, Reardon, Martel, & Tackett, 2017). It is crucial to keep in mind that the use of the CBT will allow the patient to reconnect with her family and, thus reduce the degree of conflict that can be observed in the specified environment. The parent training program is, in turn, exceptionally important since it will assist patients in establishing a method of communicating with the patient. Particularly, the training strategy for the parents should be based on the Sigmaplot program (Danforth, 2016). The proposed model involves a multistep approach toward assessing a specific instance of ODD in a patient. By reviewing the key aspects of a specific situation involving ODD, parents will be able to select an appropriate behavior that will lead to the child calming down and accepting the compromise offered by the parents. Peers’ Suggestions: A Response The parent management training, which seems to be the most common suggestion in the responses of my peers, appears to the optimum choice for the described situation. It is important to provide the parents with general knowledge about the disorder, yet it is also crucial to ensure that they can assist their child in managing the difficulties associated with ODD and her current condition. Thus, an intervention that places emphasis on parental involvement and suggests that parents should take control of the situation is very sensible. The idea of involving Monica in the therapy process and inviting her for negotiations and the analysis of her issues, however, seems to be a questionable choice. Because of the emotional strain under which the patient currently is, she may be unable to engage in a meaningful discussion of her problems since she is likely to find it difficult to adopt an objective analysis of the situation (de la Osa et al., 2018). Nevertheless, the proposed strategy might work if the CBT strategy designed for assisting the patient in managing her condition is directed at developing meta-analysis skills in her. As a result, Monica may become ready to discuss her condition with the therapist and her parents. Important Information to Consider As explained above, the choice of a therapy or an intervention that will help address the issue depends heavily on the personal characteristics of the patient. Specifically, In addition, one will have to take the problems associated with adolescent growth and development into account. For example, the developmental issues that may have been the precursors of Monica’s current condition should be analyzed and evaluated properly. For this purpose, one will have to explore the patient’s history in depth, paying special attention to mental health concerns such as anxieties and stress that may have appeared on th
What is modular construction Modular construction is the process of constructing building components off-site and putting together the components (also known as modular parts or modules) on-site. The modular parts could consist of numerous individual parts such as the walls, frames, doors windows and ceilings put together to create a complete modular building unit or be several prebuilt ‘complete’ modular building units put together on-site to make one large unit. The final construction should reflect the intended design and specifications achieving high build quality (Eagle 2014). The decision to fall back on this type of construction is very often motivated by the need to meet the strict deadline for erecting buildings, as modular construction is known for high quality that can be easily reached within the shortest possible time while the result will be long-lasting and strong. For this reason, modular construction is a common technology for building industrial plants. Nevertheless, today it is more often used for constructing business centres, telecommunications, stations, churches, educational structures, military objects, airport facilities, restaurants, and even healthcare institutions. Among the common customer using this type of construction, there are local, state, and federal governments, huge corporations and non-profit organizations, retailers and healthcare providers (The Modular Building Institute 2010). An example of where modular buildings have been used at a large scale is the B2 building in New York that was the world’s largest modular building comprising of a 32 storey residential tower where 60% of this building was constructed off-site. However, it was before the Sky City building in China that boasts a magnificent 220 storey building construction that was said to be completed in 90 days. In addition to the projects mentioned above, this practice has been used by the authorities of Hong Kong in public housing construction (Chiang et al. 2006) and Singapore (Poh & Chen 1998). Velamati (2012) pays specific attention to the stages of modular construction detaching four specific stages. First of all, the future building is designed by the developers. At this stage, the plan is also approved by the authorities, so that it meets all the requirements regarding safety and the process of construction. At the second stage, modules are manufactured and assembled in the factory environment. Next, modular parts are transported to the assembly yards where they will later be put together. Finally, the building is constructed, and the process is over. Advantages of modular construction Modular buildings are becoming favourable to conventional construction, as the individual modules are carefully engineered to withstand the effects of transporting and craning them onto the foundations onsite making them structurally stronger than traditionally constructed buildings. There is also better construction quality management off-site ensuring that stringent quality control and quality assurance protocols are in place to promote an exceptionally high qualit
Introduction Anthony Downs was born on November 21, 1930 in Illinois. He is one of the prominent scholars who have contributed significantly to the field of public administration and policy. Since the year 1977, Anthony Downs has been working at Brookings Institution as a Senior Fellow. This paper examines the contribution of Anthony Downs’ “The Inside of Bureaucracy” to Public Administration. He has other publications on the same field of public administration. The contributions of Anthony Downs’ “The Inside of Bureaucracy” to Public Administration Anthony Downs has written extensively on bureaucracy. It is incongruous that bureaucracy is still a common term of disparagement even though it is amongst the crucial institutions all over the globe. According to Downs, bureaucracy is defined as a structure of hierarchy. He argues that there are superiors, subordinates and equals for every official working in an organization. The relationship between superiors and their subordinates is especially described by Downs as important for the reason that the chances for every official to improve his or her level within the bureau favor specific actors 1 ; these actors may get a chance for promotion, increased salary and opportunities to further policies. According to Downs, officials have four kinds of goals 2 . These are social conduct goals, basic personal goals, ultimate goals and basic political goals. Downs argues that there is a specific “type” of goal which is particularly bureau-oriented. They are sectioned into;  1. Social function goals: this consists of the values of officials regarding the wide social functions accomplished by the bureau to which the officials belong 3 .  2. Bureau-Structure goals: entails the values of officials with regard to the design of constitution of the bureaus to which the officials belong 4 .  3. Broad bureau policy goals: comprises the long term objectives the bureau tracks so as to undertake its main social obligations 5 .  4. Specific bureau policy goals: this entails the specific actions the bureau undertakes in its attempt to realize its broad policy objectives 6 . According to Downs, there are five kinds of officials 7 . First type includes wholly self-interested officials who are mainly motivated nearly entirely by goals that only
For the majority of the students who acquire a Master’s degree in Psychology, the further career path has two main directions. They either continue to study in order to obtain their doctorate or start to pursue the careers of general psychotherapists. An individual with a Ph.D. in Psychology may pursue both counseling and clinical psychology. The education one acquires studying for a Ph.D. involves theoretical and practical knowledge of various types of psychotherapy, psychological assessment, ethics, and diagnostics (Grohol, 2015). One of the primary tasks of the course is preparing and defending a doctorate dissertation. The overall time needed to obtain a Ph.D. comprises about six or seven years. During the course, the research skills of the candidates are emphasized and exercised. It is rather common for individuals who have a doctorate degree to continue their career in the research or academic sphere. There is a difference between the professionals who have a Ph.D. in counseling and their peers with a doctorate degree in clinical psychology. Namely, the professionals working in the field of clinical psychology mainly specialize in the severe issues of mental health such as depressions, anxieties, or schizophrenia; at the same time, the counseling psychologists have everyday life problems as their main focus (relationship, career, or academic issues, for example) (Grohol, 2015). When it comes to the therapists and specialists with a license but without a doctorate degree, they can use their Master’s degrees as the terminal bases for the acquisition of licenses and begin to practice counseling. Compared to the therapists with the Ph.D., the professionals of Master’s level tend to focus on the techniques of psychotherapy whereas their theoretical and practical knowledge of such spheres as research and psychological and clinical assessment (Grohol, 2015). In other words, the practitioners of Master’s level who decide not to pursue a doctorate degree become psychotherapists of a general specialty. Discussing which degree is more suitable for a professional to begin practicing substance abuse counseling, it is important to mention that in the United States, a counselor is to undertake two examinations –state and federal, which should not be confused (Counselor License, 2015). Besides, the requirements of various states may differ. All in all, both Master’s and Ph.D. are sufficient degrees for one to start practicing substance abuse counseling. For the specialists of either level, the specialization or permission to specialize in substance abuse is necessary. Besides, some of the licensing exams may be comprised of multiple stages. Moreover, the national credentialing process requires the practitioner to obtain a certain number of practice hours under supervision (two years after obtaining a Master’s degree and three years in total with a frequency of at least twenty hours a week) in order to be allowed to take the examination of a national level and become Master Addictions Coun