ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A performance review or appraisal is an essential process that contributes to the overall effectiveness of an organization, both in the short and long term. Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) is a company that considers its performance thoroughly and constantly monitors employee performance (“How We Work”). This appraisal activity aims to sustain organizational productivity and to boost the individual productivity of each RTA worker. To assess effectiveness, various performance goals have been determined. Notably, after the initial evaluation, the results are discussed with every individual, and the supervisor defines the particular strengths and weaknesses of each employee (Akampurira 2). RTA also employs this approach as a basis for salary-related decisions. Overall, the purpose of the appraisal is to compare the current performance of an employee with the one he or she had shown previously. In terms of RTA, the company conducts annual reviews; however, each worker is responsible for the constant monitoring of his or her own work through self-assessment. Importantly, for short-term projects, constant monitoring should be conducted based on actual employee needs. Process The specific steps the line managers should take in the process of conducting assessments include:   * Gaining an understanding of UAE laws as well as RTA’s practices in terms of performance reviews;   * Planning the interviews to be done with employees;   * Preparing the worker for the assessment (including delivering interview details to the individual);   * Conducting the appraisal;   * Processing information and raising awareness of the individual regarding his or her performance; and   * Making recommendations for a pay raise (Akampurira 8). Varied Performance Results Identifying good and poor performance is an important task for each manager because both types of performance impact the individual, unit, and enterprise performance. In particular, when an employee displays a significant improvement, the manager should ask the worker to conduct a self-evaluation to determine how the employee could enhance his or her quality of work. On the other hand, poor assessment is rather challenging since wrongful or insensitive managerial conduct could lead to even weaker performance and future results (Akampurira 8). Thus, it is crucial that line managers work jointly with the staff and ask them to define their strong points first and then think critically about what factors have been hindering their efficiency. Then, it is advisable that the employee outline possible methods to boost his or her performance. Available Information Regarding the preparation for the actual appraisal, the employee should be made aware of the topics, criteria, or details included in the review. This preparation should be done beforehand by the line manager to ma
The Industrial Revolution had taken England and America to a whole new level of monotonous production in terms of forms, lines, and patterns. The Art and Crafts Movement that took originated towards the end of the 19 th century was an attempt at breaking this monotony. (Shiner, 2003. p 56 to 68) A wallpaper by John Henry Dearle, titled “Artichoke”. This was produced for William Morris and Co., in the year 1897. This picture shows the bright palette that artists of the time used as resistance to the industrial revolution’s colors, in order to define spaces. The Arts and Crafts movement was marked by reformist art aimed at a revistalist trend. Most of the architects and artists of this period were concerned with bringing to the fore the grandeur of the Victorian era. (Cumming, 1991. p 8) The art of this period went beyond mere buildings and exteriors and permeated into accessories and other objects that defined interiors and spaces in asymmetrical lines. These included wallpapers, mosaics, windows, chests, and other such objects. This period also showed the use of various kinds of material like Rattan and cane. (Greensted, 1999. p 11), The character of this period is made up of its artisans. These include Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin as well John Ruskin. While John Ruskin rose to popularity with a style of his own as he brought back the Gothic style with a universal appeal in bold structures with heavy windows and spires, A W N Pugin was of the school of thought where medievalism was the best style of ornamentation. The Oxford University Museum is a perfect example of Ruskin’s work, as are his literary volumes like “The Stones of Venice”, which offer criticisms of various buildings and structures. (Shiner, 2003. p 61 to 88). The Oxford University Museum Of Natural History The most important characteristic of this particular period in art history is the fact that the artists and architects of this era drew from various schools of design and art in order to form a signature style of their own. This was the underlying idea behind resisting the effects of the Industrial Revolution on art – the aspiration to create a personal style that would be devoid of the typical features of the products and designs of this period. This is a trait that has been demonstrated by Sir Edwin Lutyens in his use of a canvas that spans the Mughal style of architecture. With his affinity for Chattris and Chujjas , it came as no surprise when this architect was commissioned to create a war memorial in Delhi (India). This resulted in the creation of space so open, warm and beautiful, that the Indians still flock here. This area, with its marks and gardens, set around the India Gate, depicts the true Indian spirit. Known as “Lutyen’s Delhi”, this is one of the poshest and expensive places for residence in Delhi, where only ministers and generals of the army get accommodation. (Greensted, 1999. p 23 to 25). Not one to be left behind, Philip Webb was an artisan who drew from Anglo Japanese influences to define his sense of style. This can be seen in the picture below, of the
Introduction The space occupied by the cosmos is characterized by topology and geometry properties. Cosmologists concern themselves with curve properties as they unswervingly associate to the mass in the world. Topography influences evolution in the universe over time. Geometry does not dictate the shape of the globe though questions on whether it is limited in magnitude remain of great interest. Cosmologists classify the topography of the universe as positive, zero, or negative. When the total value of internal angles of a triangle drawn on flat space is 180 degrees, the topography is zero. Positive topography happens when the total value of angles is more than 180 degrees while a total value of angles less than 180 degrees indicates negative topography. Main Body Einstein’s equation relates topography to the bulk quantity contained in the world if the energy concentration of the free space in the universe is zero. Topography depends on whether the standard mass concentration is above the significant level or not. If the density remains on significant levels, the cosmos flattens. If the concentration is high, the cosmos assumes positive topography. The space within the universe provides a spherical surface that in its absence would cause the universe to collapse in a critical situation. In such serious situations, the cosmos must be limited in magnitude. Positive topography of the universe lacks evidenced support and the question of whether it is negative or flat remains a subject of discussion. The topography is necessary for supporting the universe as it developed from nothing. Conclusion In my opinion, it is not easy to label the topography of the universe because evolution is still taking place. However, topographic features of the universe contain physical significance in supporting the evolution of the universe. Cosmologists should do more studies to establish a universally accepted topography grade of the universe.
Case One: Super Haiyan Typhoon General description of the event Super Haiyan Typhoon is one of the strongest tropical cyclones that have ever been recorded in recent times. The magnitude and duration it took had a devastating effect in parts of South East Asia, especially in the Philippines. According to the reports from meteorologists experts, this typhoon originated from the high seas, south-east of Pohnpei, due to very low pressure in that region. The meteorologist started monitoring the typhoon from November 2 nd when it was suspected that it could develop into a serious storm in the high seas. By November 4 th , it had become a tropical storm and was given the name Haiyan. An alert was issued by the meteorological departments, particularly to the coastal towns which were on the path of the storm. After assessing it for three days, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center classified it as a category-5 super typhoon. On November 8 th , the cyclone finally hit the lands of the Philippines at a speed of 315 kilometers per hour. There was massive destruction caused by this typhoon, mainly in Samara and Leyte, which received the storm when it was at its maximum speed. Houses were brought down, crops destroyed, many people killed, while others sustained injuries. The effect of this super typhoon on this region was devastating. The rescue mission was affected by poor communication and difficulty of movement. According to the estimates given by the Red Crescent, about ten thousand people lost their lives, with 2.5 million people being left homeless. Two days after the event, the country was left in dire need of food and shelter as properties were dest
The rise of sectarianism in the Arab world is currently evidenced by the existence of organizations that uphold extremism. In particular, as Potter (2014) reveals, sectarianism refers to people’s extreme affiliation to a specific party or sect, especially in the area of religion. Today, extremist groups such as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) pose a significant threat to international peace and security. It is crucial to investigate actors who have led to the current state of sectarianism in the Middle East because the information gathered in this process may go a long way in facilitating the resolution of commotions experienced in many Middle Eastern regions. This paper presents the invasion of Iraq by the United States (U.S.) and its allies in 2003 as the major trigger of the emergence of sectarian tensions in the Middle East. The United States’ occupation in Iraq led to the establishment of institutions that created ethnic and religious divisions in this country. As a result, a huge sectarian wave emerged, which is experienced up to date, as demonstrated by civil wars witnessed in states such as Syria. As this paper argues, although other countries’ engagements in Iraq may have played a role in facilitating the existence of radical groups, the United States’ invasion of this country in 2003 directly led to the development of sectarianism, which, in turn, resulted in the creation of extremist cohorts such as ISIS. Reasons for the Invasion of the U.S. and its Allies in Iraq Activities undertaken by the ISIS in the Middle Eastern region depict the degree to which sectarianism has shaped the political, social, and economic state of the Arab world. Actions of the sectarian terror group have led to the significant loss of lives and displacement of people in the Middle East, as denoted by Syria’s current situation. In 2003, America, along with its allies, including the United Kingdom (UK), Kuwait, Australia, and Japan among others, sought to destabilize the Iraqi state by fighting terrorism (Dieterich, Hummel, & Marschall, 2015). According to Cramer and Thrall (2011), the United States’ former president, George Bush, saw the need for invading Iraq by terming Saddam Hussein’s administration as a threat to peace and security of the international community. In particular, President Bush’s regime identified weapons of mass destruction established by Saddam’s government as an imminent threat to the well-being of the world’s population. The former U.S. President, Bill Clinton, also led an initiative to disable Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction through Operation Desert Fox (ODF) (Cramer & Thrall, 2011). The belief that Saddam’s regime encouraged the development of weapons of mass extermination prompted Bush, the successor of Clinton, to continue carrying out attacks on Iraq. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider partisanship as a factor that necessitated the raid on Iraq since the two former U.S. Presidents embraced the same policy. Furthermore, as Fisher (2016) reveals, President Bush regarded Saddam Hussein as a leader of terrorist groups existing in the Middle East, including al-Qaeda. Therefore, President Bush’s administration
Introduction The evidence presents various theories, the consideration of which may explain one or another event in politics. According to rationalism, a person should take into account all the data relevant to a certain problem in formulating his or her convictions, and preference should be given to none of them. In their turn, the paramount task of transitologists is to explore the ways of advancing the social system by investigating how specific events affect the further development of the political regime. This paper explores the Syrian conflict in terms of rationalism and transitology by defining these theories and relating them to the given context. Defining Rationalism and Transitology (Essential Elements and Powers) Both institutionalism and the theory of a rational choice have created a rationalistic trend in political theory that is also known as rationalism. Its supporters recognize that the political choice is viewed as the result of the desires, beliefs, and actions of an individual society (Telman 55). In other words, in the opinion of the supporters of the theory of the rational choice, it is perfectly permissible to regard the politeia as one actor that has an integrated system of stable values ​​and the ability to realize one’s desires. Thus, the approach to international politics or the theory of economic planning is transferred to domestic policy. The core element of the above-mentioned theory is an action that should provide the best way to satisfy the desires of an actor by the accepted rational beliefs that should correspond to a more meaningful concept of rationality (Telman 55). The rational action, thus, includes three powers, due to which the optimality is achieved. The search for the best action with certain views and desires, the formation of the most reasonable conviction, and the collection of necessary evidence in the presence of certain desires and taking into account previous beliefs compose rationalism. A theory of transitology implies the occurrence of social and institutional transformations associated with moving from autocratic, totalitarian, and authoritarian regimes to democratic methods of governance (Gans-Morse 321). During the first phase, the change in the balance of power between the ruling and opposing groups is associated with increased pressure from the latter and a split of the former, which can either lead to the confrontation that will cause repression and increased authoritarianism or, conversely, weaken old political instituti
Many nations throughout the world are faced with the challenge of climate change. The United Arab Emirates is not an exception to this problem. Over the years, the UAE has had an increased number of buildings under construction. This has resulted to the construction of impressive buildings and building projects that have resulted to spectacular buildings such as the Palm Jumeirah and Burj Dubai. The construction of these buildings is respectable but at the same time, it has resulted to increased consumption of energy. This generated a need to search for better ways of construction that would reduce energy consumption and depletion of the existing natural resources even though the Emirates boasts of the worlds largest possession of these resources. Consequently, the government in the United Arab Emirates resolved for the implementation of better and advanced construction strategies that would ensure energy was conserved therefore providing a solution to the increased rate of pollution that has been on a steady rise with the increase in the number of buildings. This led to the introduction of green buildings in the Emirates as a sure method of decreasing energy wastage and pollution while at the same time commencing with their building activities to meet global environmental changes in the business world. Several factors in the Emirates contribute to the consumption of large amounts of energy. This includes longer summers, desert conditions, little amount of rainfall and temperatures that range up to 40 degrees or higher. This causes them to rely heavily on applications that consume large amounts of energy such as air conditioning and the desalinization of water systems. This, in addition to the sky rocketing buildings gives enough evidence of the high energy consumption in the Emirates. Adopting a better alternative in architectural designs and methods can lead to much reduced effects on the environment. In an interview carried out Habiba Al Marashi who is the chairperson of an environmental Group in Dubai known as Emirates Environmental Group she said ”Sustainable architecture is one of the many ways by which we can measurably minimize the impact of our growth on the ecosystem. I would like to urge our designers and builders to look inwards towards our architectural traditions and heritage to seek solutions to make a truly greener and progressive UAE,” ( Janardhan, 2010, par. 6). Green buildings serve as a solution to the establishment of an environmentally sound system and creation of efficiency in daily activities by creating reasonable space using a better and improved integrated approach to building design and construction. As a result, an environment that is comfortable for everyday activities while at the same time reducing operational as well as maintenance costs can be achieved in the Emirates. The green buildings are already being constructed in the Emirates and with time the strategy would be fully incorporated into the UAE. It has become essential for the UAE to assimilate this construction method in light
Some evidences indicated clearly that vaccinations have the potential to prevent a wide range of diseases that affecting human being. In 1900s, the vaccines were used to control various diseases that threatened human beings such as measles, tuberculosis, and diphtheria. Most of the diseases were controlled through the use of vaccination. The specialist tried to practice more in order to save more lives of people. The pain that associated with different diseases such as measles were unimaginable. So many people are currently disregarding the importance of these vaccines. People strongly believe that vaccinations have the potential to cause autism. The reasons why more people believe strongly that such vaccinations cause autism among young children are based on motivated reasoning, denial arguments, conspiracy theories and logical fallacies. The occurrence of numerous cases of autism among the targeted children has raised numerous questions. This essay uses different concepts to explain why more people believe strongly that such vaccinations cause autism among young children. Motivated reasoning Every emotion-biased process of decision-making is known as motivated reasoning. This kind of reasoning has been observed to result in denial. Autism is a major condition that affects many children. Normal children have been observed to develop the condition at a time when it is least expected. People have developed much fear about the disease because it is clearly understood. According to Monica Prasad, she discussed about the definition of motivated reasoning. According to the article, “motivated reasoning is a descendant of the social psychological theory of cognitive dissonance, which posits an unconscious impulse to relieve cognitive tension when a respondent is presented with information that contradicts preexisting beliefs or preferences” (Prasad et al. 5). That means people always confirm the information that they already believed with ignoring any kinds of evidences or scientific theory or data. They believe deeply in their mind that the vaccine will cause Autism to their children and they do not want to change or challenge their “theory”. The reading goes further to argue that “people avoid inconsistency, ignore challenging information altogether, discredit the information source, or argue substantively against the challenge” (Prasad et al. 5). People also refuse to counter argue with their believe even without any supportive evidences as Prasad et al. mentioned “no evidence had currently been found linking Saddam Hussein to 9/11 but nevertheless believed that Saddam was responsible for 9/11 and were able to give a reason for that belief” (15). Cognitive dissonance leads people feelconfident when they come across two contradictory ideas and stand on the
In as much as we are always complaining of the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of the federal government as far as spending is concerned, it is true that the federal government operates under a very tight budget. Its revenue is normally way below its resource requirements and thus the terms deficit and debt are common with the federal government. Some of the sources of federal revenue are payroll taxes, individual income taxes, estate and gift taxes, excise taxes, miscellaneous receipts, and customs duties. Payroll taxes refer to the taxes that are deducted from the salaries of employees. Individual income tax includes corporate tax and tax on individuals and businesses. Gift tax is the type of tax levied on individuals or businesses when they give gifts to other individuals or businesses in the course of their lives (Williams, 2009, p. 1). On the other hand estate tax is the type of tax that is levied during the transfer of a deceased person’s property. Excise taxes are the taxes levied on the distribution or manufacture of goods considered unnecessary by the federal government. Miscellaneous receipts include fees charges and other earnings that the federal government makes. Customs duties refer to the kind of tax that is levied mainly on imports. This kind of tax is, however, levied on exports. The main source of federal revenue is individual income taxes. This is due to the large number of companies, businesses and taxable individuals in the United States. Federal spending The U.S. has been historically famous for developing spending policies to help in stabilizing its economy. Some of the things that the federal government spends its revenue on include the military, development of human resources, general government operations and administration and physical resources. Currently, development of human resources is taking more of taxpayer’s money than any other item with military/defense spending closin