ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Security is one of the vital issues that propel states to achieve their short and long term goals. Without a secure investment base, there are few chances of developing nations achieving their millennium goals while the developed nations face critical logistic and political dilemmas. Modernization has become an inevitable issue that has made it possible for higher standards of security to be maintained worldwide (Kagan 2009). The use of drone aircraft by military officers in combats has become a thorny issue in most countries and thus elicited uncontrolled controversies. The ethical appropriateness of using drones in military combats is discussed in this essay. Main body Drones are aircraft that operate without a crew. All the control procedures are done from a ground station. The station is connected to the drone through a data network and other operational equipments that support the control system. Drones were first used in 1916. Several developments have taken place to enable nations to acquire modern unmanned aircraft (Nye 2011). The ethical issue behind the reasons for using drones in military conflicts is justified by Emmanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative Theory. This theory evaluates what motivates people to behave the way they do. He referred to imperatives as the hypothesis that necessitates the need for certain actions. He defines a categorical imperative as an unrestricted need that affirms its power in all situations (Kant 2010). Sovereignty and international security are the greatest ethical issues behind the use of drones in military conflicts. Military forces that use drones in conflicts consider this the safest way of attaining peace in the world while at the same time exercising power over other nations. The world is witnessing critical insecurity issues posed by terrorist groups like Al Qaeda and Al Shabab. Kant’s theory emphasizes on the need to attain an ethical end regardless of the means used to attain satisfaction. Drones are controlled by remotes, and thus there is no possibility of injuries or death. According to Kant, it is evident that wish to attain international peace and exercise authority over other nations leaves nations without any choice but to use drones to achieve their goals. The surveillance systems used in drones enable security personnel to detect possibilities of attacks from enemies (Kant 2010). Lastly, drones are known to rescue military officers held hostage and those stranded in deserts or seas. According to Kant’s theory, the need, in this case, is having international peace and sovereignty. Therefore, it is reasonable to use drones in military conflicts against nations that support terror groups. However, this practice has been criticized for wasting taxpayers’ money. The choice of using drones in confli
Parent volunteering guide in the early childhood center Limit the group to no more than six students because you should respond to every student’s request in terms of some help to be provided or some questions asked. Sit at table with students so that you could see what they do and control the process and provide them with a feedback immediately after noticing some errors or difficulties experienced by student. You will have to prepare a few patterns with pictures that should be coloured with the help of pencils. The complexity of pictures should depend on the age of children. Thus, smaller children should be assigned an easier picture to colour while older children can cope with more complicated pictures. Though the task is really simple, you can ask children to use only warm colours (this means that you should tell children what colours are considered warm and what are cold). Moreover, you should limit the number of colours so that children could definitely choose the warm or the cold ones. The essence of this practice is to make children aware of the colour palette and some of its peculiarities in the process of drawing and make sure all children learn to perform the task accurately and neatly. Benefits of volunteering to parents I believe that parents gain more than satisfaction because coming to the classroom enables them to see how their children progress and learn about some difficulties that a child may face. If a child have some problems with in-class performance and tells nothing about those difficulties to his/her parents at home, parents may be unaware of those problems. In this respect, coming to the classroom is a great opportunity to see what is going on in the class, see how other children demonstrate their skills and analyse a child’s progress. A parent can help even if a child does not have any problems because children treat their parents’ visits as really encouraging ones and a child wants to work to full capacity so that his/her parents saw with their own eyes how successful he/she is. Children can receive some help when their parents come to the classroom because they will be provided with some explanations made by the teacher and extra explanations provided by parents. I am sure that a child who knows that his/her parents can assist in any activity will over perform. Thus, children can become more confident and active regarding the in-class activities and tasks that have been challenging before. Engaging parents into volunteering I really like the idea that notes can be sent to parents in the children’s Friday folders asking for volunteers. Besides, you can inform parents about the necessity of volunteering in advance. This may be performed during parents-teachers conferences. You can prepare some plan of activities that require parents’ participation, for example, every month and in
Abstract Within the framework of this paper, the core concepts of computer crime prosecution are addressed. In the first part of the paper, the questions regarding the forensic investigation are answered in a comprehensive manner, and the case study is reviewed from both the forensic investigator’s and the librarian’s sides. The issues and complications that may transpire throughout the investigation process are also discussed in this section. The second part of the paper includes the discussion concerning the association between this particular criminal issue and the First and the Fourth Amendments. The current technologies are critically evaluated in terms of their alignment with forensic practices and their constitutionality. Computer Crime Prosecution The concept regarding the Wire and Electronic Communications Interception and Interception of Oral Communications should be reviewed from both sides before making the final decision. If we address the issue of librarians going through the emails that were meant for the criminal, we should realize that the former had no intention to get exposed to certain sensitive information (Lloyd, 2017). The problem, though, consists in the fact that the librarian managed to report their findings to the law enforcement agency. This makes it rather difficult to understand whether the librarian’s actions were intentional or not. On the other hand, the issue lies in the fact that the law enforcement agency did not receive the court’s warrant regarding the interception of the sensitive data sent and received by the criminal (Stephenson & Gilbert, 2013). This makes the data implicitly obtained by the librarian turn into a series of virtually useless pieces of evidence that cannot be used in court due to its unlawful obtaining nature. If we address the issue regarding the Pen Registers and Trap and Trace Devices, we will have to take into account the fact that even though the
My choice of the film will be the Flash Forward Series created by Brannon Brago and David Goyer. The Flash Forward Series was based on the novel with a similar title by Robert Sawyer. The movie explains how 137 seconds could be challenging for characters like Mark Benford, Dmitri, Lawyer Zoey and rewarding for the character, Llooyd Simoe. As the series unfolds, the viewer is able to relate the “blackout” in the film to a possible one in real life. The film is able to challenge our preparedness in the occurrence of unexpected or unforeseen incidences. In Flash Forward, the characters are able to give different impressions that various people across the world would give in the likelihood of similar happenings. It is most likely that different types of viewers would identify with characters in Flash Forward who appeal most to their mannerisms and behavior. Through the characters, the viewer is able to learn of the need to enjoy life. Brannon Brago demonstrates to the viewer that even in a short span of time, the world can change dramatically. Thematic concepts Flash Forward focuses on a possible occurrence of an event in one’s future. It is very unlikely for one to know about his or her future but the movie expresses the possibility that the present can inspire future happenings. The writer expresses different themes which include life, death, intelligence, security, family and relationships. Life and death are fears that are expressed by all characters in the movie. Certain characters had seen their future symbolized by lifelike Mark, Olivia, and Stamford. Demetri sees his own death happening in the future. Intelligence and security roles were played accurately by the FBI agents who comprised of Mark, Demetri, and the entire FBI task force. Family and relationship roles were represented by the Benford and Demetri. Social psychology Social psychology did play a relevant role in the movie. The FBI employed social psychology in their intelligence work. Investigations, interrogations, and analysis of several suspects in the “blackout” were done in conformity to social psychology. The psychological aspects of the film are evidenced in the manner in which the cast plays various roles that are relevant in society. With the production of the film taking place in 2010, I would recommend that the producers be awarded by the respective authorities in the cinema industry. The fact is in reference to the quality of production, visual content and images created in the film. The message is also well delivered to the targeted viewers.The production of the film involves both the bottom and top factors. Bottom factors portrayed in Flash Forward include editing, ev
The article by Stuart Hall explains a new theory of mass communication through the concepts of encoding and decoding. The author argues that the traditional linear approach to communication does not apply in modern times because mass communication has become more complex. The ideas discussed in the text facilitate meaningful analysis of communication. The first important argument in the article is that the traditional model of mass communication does not reflect the complexity of the processes involved. The author introduces a more complex model using four steps: production, circulation, use, and reproduction. According to Hall, this model allows understanding how the meaning of one message can be transformed through communication. While levels are connected, they also have a degree of independence, and a message can change on each level. For example, after a news article is produced, the message coded in it can be distorted during circulation if the article is published in an unreliable source famous for fake news. The model offered by Hall is important because it helps to prevent and address such changes to messages and improve the transparency of communication. Another significant point raised in the article is the nature of messages in film and television. Even though the processes in visual and linguistic communication are the same, the signs contained in them are interpreted differently. The author argues that this is because of the differences in the nature of signs. Linguistic signs are widely perceived to be more arbitrary than visual ones because they have a defined meaning and are used in specific settings of communication. Visual signs, on the other hand, share the characteristics of the concepts they portray. For instance, an image of a cat or a dog share the visual aspects of the animal, whereas the words “cat” and “dog” do not. As a result, visual signs often become subject to naturalization, a process when a code is taken to be the same as the concept it represents. If we apply it to the example above, a visual representation of a cat in the photo or video materials is seen as a real one and not merely as an image of it. When applied to visual messages and communication, the process of naturalization is critical because it influences the outcome. In particular, this process influences the audience’s emotional reactions to video or photo materials as well as their perceived level of reliability. An event reported in a news story can thus be made more believable if pictures or videos were added. Therefore, this argument is also important for contemporary mass communication and can be used to influence the audience. The article also explains the process of meaning production by the audience. In the author’s theory, this process depends on two concepts, connotation, and denotation. Denotation relates to the literal meaning of words, phrases, and other codes. It is less flexible than connotation, which signifies associations that arise with different signs. Connotations are varied and inconsistent across the audience since they de
Introduction Analyzing the content of news material can be based on the comparison between the ways the information is brought by various media sources. A top news story about the investigation brought by NYPD against a police officer who pushed a cyclist during “Critical Mass”- a monthly ride that draws hundreds of riders was a top story in the New York Times newspaper and video news on the WNBC channel. This essay is an analysis of the aforementioned story based on content provided by the different sources, i.e. the newspaper and the TV station. The Analysis If establishing criteria to analyze the source from different perspectives, a particular outline should be mentioned “Television dramatizes America’s key events “ In bringing the story, the difference in headline representation should be pointed right away. Where the newspaper summarized the news as the stripping of the badge and the gun from the police officer resulted from the video of the incident surfacing on the internet, the news on the TV to establish conflict of the views and show a controversy started with the fact that the police officer assaulted the bicyclist, stating that “however, the bicyclist was the one who got arrested”. It is apparent how the different approach
Researchers attempt to identify molecular changes that cause the development of liposarcomas. This knowledge is important for the prevention and treatment of this disease. An important characteristic of this sarcoma is the presence of giant rod chromosomes and supernumerary ring (Miettinen, 2010, p. 115). This attribute is particularly typical of well-differentiated liposarcoma (Miettinen, 2010, p. 115). Moreover, this chromosome includes different oncogenes such as HMGA2, MDM2, OS1, and some others. In particular, the amplification of MDM2 is associated with an increased risk of liposarcoma. In addition to that, CDK4 is also amplified during this disease (Conyers, Young, & Thomas 2011, p. 3). Researchers pay attention to the important role that this gene plays in the cell cycle. Overall, it is believed that well-differentiated liposarcoma can be trigged by different molecular mechanisms. This is one of the main challenges that have not been overcome yet. Furthermore, it is possible to speak about myxoid liposarcoma that occurs primarily in deep soft tissues (Pfeifer 2006, p. 209). It is characterized by the fusion of the FUS-CHOP gene. Additionally, FUS can be fused with EBP protein. Researchers conjecture that these translocations also lead to the formation of oncogenes (Conyers, Young, & Thomas 2011, p. 3). One should note that mice that have fused FUS-CHOP gene can also have liposarcomas. Currently, researchers rely on such as a technique as interphase FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) since it is useful for detecting possible translocations of genes (Pfeifer 2006, p. 209). Moreover, the patients, who have myxoid liposarcoma, have PIK3CA mutations (Conyers, Young, & Thomas 2011, p. 3). These are some of the main findings. Nevertheless, it is difficult to identify a single underlying cause of this disease. Finally, one can speak about pleomorphic liposarcoma. This disorder is also accompanied by genetic modifications. In particular, it is possible to mention the loss of such chromosomes as 13p14 and 12p13 (Conyers, Young, & Thomas 2011, p. 5). However, the main limitation is that pleomorphic liposarcoma is not very widespread, and there are not many molecular studies of this disease. At present, researchers try to develop effective mouse models because such models can help them better understand the pathogenesis of this disease. On the whole, by understanding the molecular basis of liposarcomas, researchers can develop more effective treatments of this disease. For example, one can speak about MDM2 inhibitors. These are some of the main benefits that can be identified.
Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an integral component of modern business practices. According to Thompson et al., CSR does not only benefit the public but also boosts organizational reputation (268). Business sustainability depends on the capacity of a company to institute and run effective CSR programs. Thompson et al. maintain that organizations require having rules and procedures, “which integrate social, environmental, ethical, human rights, and consumer concerns into business operations and core strategy” (269). Nike is among the organizations that value CSR. The company uses CSR to maximize the creation of standard values for business, shareholders, owners, employees, and stakeholders. Moreover, participation in CSR helps Nike to improve the life of society. Nike has incorporated CSR into its governance and sustainability strategy. The move has contributed to improved competitiveness. Significance of Corporate Social Responsibility Nike’s commitment to CSR contributes to its competitive advantage in many ways. The company operates in an industry that requires a lot of water. Moreover, its production processes release a high volume of contaminated wastewater, which could have adverse effects on the environment. Nike acknowledged that it was difficult to continue to rely on production processes that consumed a lot of water. The resolve to establish production processes that could conserve water and reduce environmental pollution led to the company coming up with a closed-loop manufacturing system dubbed Considered Design. The system has numerous benefits for the company. According to Paine et al., it has helped Nike to establish processes that are waste-efficient (8). Paine et al. hold, “With the Considered materials sustainability indexes, designers could quickly and easily evaluate the environmental impact of prospective designs” (8). The move has enabled the company to develop innovative shoe designs that are in high demand in the market. Indeed, Nike’s shoes are regarded as not only trendy but also of high quality. In 2008, Nike initiated Project Rewire aimed at streamlining working conditions in contract factories. The factories housed workers in inadequate facilities and forced them to work for excessive hours under poor conditions. Nike sought to make sure that contract factories respected and observed the established sourcing and production standards. Project Rewire enabled Nike to restructure its operations. The reorganization allowed the company to interact with customers, thus developing products that met their needs. According to Paine et al., dedication to CSR enables Nike to innovate quickly and anticipate and exploit future growth in new markets (8). Moreover, Project Rewire has allowed the company to cut down on operations costs by reducing workfo
The term friend is ambiguous to many people and this states the reason why people have varying definitions of who a friend is. From sociological point of view the word friend can be defined as someone who has a better understanding of one’s past, believes in his or her future and who accepts someone just the way he or she is. People can become friends by growing separately instead of growing apart. This can actually be termed as interdiction and it is what the study is considering as the definition of a friend. However, many people believe that a friend is someone whom they spent much of their time with which is false from sociological point of view. The objective of this study is to discuss the ways through which a person can make relationship with others hence becoming friends (Lowndes 17). Discussion There are two categories of friends that have been evident in the society. We have false and good/true friends in the society. False friends are those people that seek friendship from others with an aim of personal gain. A good example is conmen; these people do create a friendly environment to whoever they meet so that they can possess what is owned by them. In contrast, good/ true friends are those people that understand others past believe in their futures and accept them the way they are (Lowndes 26). They are those people whose friendship is not attributed to economic gains but happiness in one’s life. They keep each other happy and are out to help in tough situations in life. Several researches have shown that many friendships exist between members of opposite sex. For instance, the case with boys befriending girls in and out of school compound is a good example of friends of opposite sex. Friendship as many may define it is a state of belonging. The implication is that to become friends there must be a relationship holding the two parties together. This gives rise to how people can make relationships that later can amount into friendship. There are several ways through which people can make relationships with others thus becoming friends (MacConville 23). Socializing with others This is among the most important ways through which different people come together and developed a relationship among them. Friends are not those people who grew up together but those who met in different places in life. Young people make friends in colleges and other learning institutions (MacConville 27). In other hand adult make friends with people they met at working place. Interacting with strangers will enable a person to make new friends in life. The meaning is that without socializing with others, it is difficult for a person to make a friend in his or her life. To be open and meeting new people is an appropriate approach of making relationships with them thus becoming friends (Lowndes 30). Examining of people behaviors People behaviors matters a lot when making