ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The aim of this report is to identify a specific behavioral problem for the case study client in question, and applying social work intervention using the single subject research design to promote his overall well-being. The activity details a targeted negative behavior that got reduced for the client with the aid of the worker, through a 6-week intervention phase, which is followed by a resulting conclusion. The client is a 9 year old African-American male student in the third grade who attends Columbus Magnet Elementary School. He lives with his mother and two siblings in a three bedroom house in a low-income neighborhood in Norwalk, Connecticut. The student’s parents have been divorced for five years and he has limited contact with the father. Suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Other Health Impaired (OHI), the student has developed an inappropriate fondness for hugging, hand-holding and constant cuddling with adults. He was referred to the Social Work Department by his teacher because of her growing concern about the inappropriate touching he engages in with everyone. The single-system design (B design) has been chosen to address the problem because of various advantages it offers including the client being given full control over the problem (albeit after articulation by the social worker), immediate feedback, realistic, measurable goals and standardized outcomes (Salahu-Din, 2003, p.321). A visual analysis of data for applied single-system design has shown that with this method, children with learning disabilities and classroom behavioral problems show observable positive changes over a period of time (Dupper, 2002, p.322). The method incorporates identifying a targeted behavior to be reduced followed by repeat collection of information on a single system over a period of time (Salahu-Din, 2003, p.322). The objective is to find progress through a system of client self-reports, process recordings, observations and interviews (Salahu-Din, 2003, p.322). The targeted behavior in this case was quantified as the frequency and intensity with which the student expressed his desire to be physically intimate with adults during a six hour time duration. At baseline level, the practitioner found it to be 2-3 times an hour, for about 1-2 minutes or 12-18 times every school day, the average of which is taken as 15 times per day. The impact of the behavior is such that it interferes with academic learning for this student and his peers. Any treatment for this problem must clearly demonstrate, with hard data, that interventions led to a clear reduction in the student’s propensity to continue with the behavior (Dupper, 2002, p.221). In the design state of the intervention, the practitioner decided to implement a solution-focused therapy which usually runs for five or ten session
Car theft constitutes an important problem in the United Kingdom and the countries of North America. The number of stolen motor vehicles has prompted lawmakers to obligate car manufacturers to make mechanical security more sophisticated. Although the theft rate has decreased, perpetrators found new ways to appropriate vehicles. The most prominent strategy is stealing keys, which give offenders access to cars. It is therefore essential to understand what ways of obtaining keys are used by car thieves. The main source of information on methods of key theft are offenders themselves. Incarcerated individuals, who were involved in car theft one way or another, participated in interviews. The respondents differed in race, age, and overall criminal record. The goal of interviews was to ascertain the intent of offenders, employ methods of car theft, and other crime-related details. Although all respondents engaged in a car theft at some point, most of them were arrested for activities unrelated to car theft. It implies that stealing cars is a situational crime in many cases. There are several reasons for perpetration, presented by the offenders. The first is alert opportunism, which means that offenders did not intend to engage in cart theft, yet they recognized an easy opportunity. Such actions are not pre-planned, require minimal effort and have low risk. An important feature of alert opportunism is the responsibility of car owners, who fail to ensure basic security measures. Alert opportunism also does not imply that perpetrators were not planning to commit any crime at all. It is entirely possible that a person with the intent of burglary found keys and took advantage of them. Another reason, which leads to auto theft, is active search. Unlike alert opportunists, who were not planning on stealing initially, active search presupposes criminal intent in the beginning. It should also be noted that car owners are once again responsible for presenting offenders with a theft opportunity. Active searchers seek open cars with keys left in them. Offenders also use people’s lack of caution to their advantage, by searching in highly populated areas and in places where alcohol drinking is rampant. In some cases, it is easier for offenders to wait until an opportunity arises, once again taking advantage of people’s carelessness. Some active searchers employ a more direct approach, such as infiltrating homes with the express intent of stealing car keys. Both active searchers and alert opportunists avoid meeting car owners. However, there is a different strategy, which presupposes establishing contact with the owner. One way to obtain keys is to threaten owners with weapons. Another method is to use substances, which prevent victims from resisting a carjacking attempt. In both cases, a per
Immigration in the United States and Canada in the Post Hart-Cella Act (1965) and Canadian Immigration (1976) Act Era This paper addresses the socio-economic benefits of immigrant population in the United States of America (USA) and Canada. The USA and Canada have adapted stringent immigration policies aimed at either drastically reducing the influx of immigrants or selecting suitable immigrants to the two countries. However, the immigrants have greatly influenced the socio-economic landscape of the two North American countries. Immigrants in the U.S.A and Canada contribute to the labor force of the two economies. The goods and services they produce are beneficial to the natives. Batalova and Fix (2008), posist that the ratio of native to foreign born doctors in the U.S.A is three to one, in every three computer engineers one is an immigrant. In addition, fortytwo percent of medical experts are immigrants. “In Canada, thirty eight percent of male in the labor force are immigrants with post graduate degree” (Jay, 2007). In addition, immigrants to both the USA and Canada contribute to the two economies as consumers. The immigrant population aid in creation of new jobs as they increase demand for consumer products and services. This is also a credible foundation and emergence of new market groups. Mehta, Nik, Mora, and Wade (2002), reveal that illegal immigrants in the chicago metropolitan area are responsible for creation of over thirty thousand additional jobs,which is a significant boost to the local economy. Furthermore, immigrants contribute to the economies of their host countries as entrepreneurs. The immigrants are likely to invest in sectors smaller than the main economic segment characterized by low entry barriers, limited technical and skill requirements. Rapid Immigration (2011), maintain that immigrants are more likely to go into business than the natives and they also contribute to cutting edge businesses. Nonetheless, immigrants in the United States and Canada contribute more in taxes than what they receive as public benefit. The difference between taxes they remit and benefit cost for an individual immigrant is approximately $ 2,000. The net tax an individual immigrant remits together with his or her descendants at federal level is between $80,0000 and $105,000. At State level it is $ 25,000 (Smith & Edmonston, 1997). The immigrant population in the United States and Canada has influenced culture in the two countries. “Initially, this was the basis of U.S. immigration: There existed an American identity, and people of all creeds and races could take on that identity. In other words, they could become Americanized” (Trumpet.com, 2005). California and New Mexico have adopted the use Spanish language while Lousiana has adopted French (Dicker, 2003)
Introduction One of the most distinctive traits of many literary masterpieces, published throughout the course of the early 20 th century, is that these literary works’ semantic content often reflects what used to be the era’s predominant socio-philosophical discourse. In its turn, this discourse was largely concerned with the fact that, due to the rise of psychology as a legitimate science, more and more people were beginning to realize that it is specifically their deep-seated unconscious anxieties, which define the essence of their rational choices (Kessen and Cahan 640). This explains why it was through the earlier mentioned historical period that the literary technique of ‘stream of consciousness’ attained a strong popularity with intellectually advanced writers – by exposing readers to the flow of seemingly random semi-conscious thoughts, on the part of the featured characters, writers were able to make the plot-developments thoroughly plausible. According to Sang, stream of consciousness is “composed of the continual activity of the characters’ consciousness and shower of impressions” (173). Stream of consciousness is associated with direct and indirect interior monologue. Direct interior monologue includes the character’s unuttered thoughts presented in a way that they are unregulated by the author’s language. The indirect interior monologue consists of the character’s thoughts as presented by the omniscient narrator. Stream of consciousness may also be characterized by a continuous flow of words that violate grammatical order, although this is not always the case. Abram & Harpham suggest that a stream of consciousness may be used as an alternative to the omniscient perspective. When the story is not being narrated by an all-knowing figure, it gives “the readers the illusion of experiencing events evolving before their own eyes” (274). In this case, the reader can realize the difference between thoughts and actual events. In this paper, I will discuss how the ‘stream of consciousness’ technique is being deployed in the story The Dead by James Joyce and
The mask covers the full or part of the face to hide one’s identity. It is generally worn during festivals. But underlying this in real life are the expressions and mannerisms in our outward behavior that disguises and hides the true self. For instance the politeness can be a mask to hide a malicious nature or the rough outward show might well be a cover for a gentle heart and mind. Although theatre personalities are adept at putting on the mask of another in their acting, in reality we all are playing the same game. Except for the newborn or at the time of death we have to mask our emotions to survive in society or be a part of it. The child has to mask distaste for school and be polite to the teachers. Married couples mask their bitterness so that family life continues. The employee masks intense dislike for the exploiting employer to keep the job. It is endless – the many masks that we have to put on to continue with life and living (Bonhoeffer 116). Who does not wear the mask? The exceptions are there. It is either the lunatic who has not tuned in with societal norms and bindings or the thoroughly spoilt persons who are pampered by others. Even Nero had to pretend to be an artist and mask his grotesque nature. Then there are great sages who do not wear masks – they o are transparent inside and out – their minds and their tongues, their thoughts and expressions are the same. Related to this is whether by masking our feelings we set up a friendship and thus forfeit our freedom. Does friendship mean loss of freedom? If freedom is taken to be a license to do whatever one wishes without caring for others then definitely that sort of freedom is lost in friendship. Friendship means caring and loving for another and seeing to the needs of the other. Friends have to tango together. If the rhythm of mutual caring is broken then friendship vanishes. Wearing masks may sound hypocritical but it is not always so; sometimes sugar coated bitter capsules does the trick of curing illnesses. Thus to be ethical and be a part of society one has to wear a mask. Raw emotions lead us nowhere. It is only by controlling and masking them that man masters his feelings and this leads to constructive action (Malik 37). This poses the question of ethical and moral behaviour. There is a subtle difference between these two concepts. Morals relate to the individual while ethics relate to the society. Ethics are about group rules of which the individual is a part. Thus there are many ethics relating to social behaviour, company, professions and even to family. Ethics can be termed duties. For instance medical ethics prevents doctors from indulging in euthanasia although the physician knows that it is to best interest to the patient to terminate his life. The moral code of a person may not change but ethical codes change. Sometimes it leads to inner conflict. A soldier has to obey – it is his ethi
Introduction According to recent research, one in four older people fall annually with approximately ten percent of the falls resulting in serious injuries that need medical attention. Besides, falls in the elderly group account for the biggest proportion of injuries-related deaths as well as hospitalizations. Additionally, the entire lifetime expenditures for fall-related injuries might reach one billion dollars by 2012. Fortunately, the majority of falls are preventable as well as predictable. As a result, this project will focus on falls prevention for older people. Approval and support for the proposal Although this project will focus on the old people, it will encompass a variety of relevant people and authorities. They will include the community and the health care providers. As a result, these people will approve the proposal. To begin with, these people will receive letters from the ethical committee and the institution. The letters will have descriptions of the proposal, the purpose of the proposal, the significance of the proposal as well as the ethics that the researcher will adhere to during the implementation phase. Upon receiving the letters, the concerned authorities will require to approve them. Once approved it means that the researcher is free to carry out the research. Finally, during the implementation phase, the old people who will be willing to be included in the study will provide consent by signing consent forms. On the other hand, before the implementation of the proposal, the researcher will visit the areas concerned. These visits are imperative because they will help the researcher gain support for the proposal. For instance, a visit in the community will increase the researcher’s fame and this will decrease rejection during the implementation phase. Additionally, visits to the health care institutions will give the researcher chances to explain his proposal and this will help the health care professionals to understand the intent of the proposal thus increasing their acceptance and interest in the proposal. The current problem The verity that many elderly people have fallen and that these falls can lead to injuries that compromise the health, as well as the values of life, is not a well-documented problem. Moreover, falls, which lead to injuries are possibly not viewed as the foremost problems since they take place in isolation. For instance, most of the falls happen inside the houses and most people believe that they are the problems of individuals. Furthermore, the attention of the public
Apart from the positive intentions of industrialization, there has been a continuous debate concerning the beneficial nature of this historical phenomenon. I support a perspective that industrialization triggered the development of various problems including using child labor and providing unfavorable working conditions, low salaries, and insufficient quality of the products. Consequently, the primary goal of this paper is to discuss these issues in detail since it helps provide argumentation to support my central claim. In the end, conclusions are drawn to summarize the main findings of this discussion. It is widely known that industrialization caused the rapid development and growth of the manufacturing segment in the United States of America due to the optimization of the production process. This matter increased demands in the workforce while child labor started gaining its popularity to fill these gaps (Weir 251). At the same time, it could be said that the economic environment of the era required children to work, as their salaries formed a substantial part of their family’s income (Weir 251). Children helped their parents to overcome the difficulties of that time and supplied their family members with food and drinks to avoid starvation. This matter implied that children had less time to devote to studies and become qualified professionals shortly. The absence of childhood and no time for education could be discovered as the major adverse consequences of industrialization. Alternatively, one could not underestimate the importance of the fact that factories and production plants were built and developed rather quickly and sometimes did not comply with safety regulations. Their major focus was to increase their revenues, and, as a consequence, they did no pay substantial attention to providing a safe working environment. For example, both children and adults worked in toxic settings, used broken or ineffective machinery, and had to spend 12 hours a day in the factory (Horn xxvii). A combination of these factors increased the number of incide
Overview Backwell IXL is a privately managed Australian organization. The company enjoys a workforce of 200 staff and yearly revenue of approximately $40m. Backwell organization was founded in Geelong in the early 1860s, revamping gold mining equipment and wooden stoves. In the 1900s, the company started making instead of repairing stoves. The organization presently processes a wide of products. These include electric appliances, heaters and its popular bestseller “IXL Tastic” collection, motor vehicle stamping and foundry items. The organization has an array of equipment comprising pressing equipment of between 8-600 tonnes and a transfer pressing equipment of about 400 tonnes. The company has been a level 1 supplier to the motor vehicle sector for more than 30 years and has won Toyota bronze and silver prizes because of its exemplary quality, distribution and service. Also, Backwell supplies multiple appliances to the refrigeration companies. These appliances comprise heating facilities, combustion cylinders and cooling systems. Backwell IXL in addition produces for a range of other sectors (Mabbett 2011). Organizational Structure Organized into 3 departments, the company devises manufactures, imports and markets premium electric gadgets and parts for local, business and industrial utilization. The company’s 19-grounded sales group enables a wide national distribution chain and a committed Australian presence. With its head office in Geelong, the country’s flexible domestic production policy enables the company to rapidly and successfully meet emerging market demands. In an economical environment, Backwell shines as an inspiration for domestic novelty and proficiency. The company’s widespread chain of stores perfectly positions it to provide a wide range of domestic appliances and its success is because of various factors: its local Engineering division, automated quality check and New Zealand made appliances give Backwell IXL a strong economical advantage (McDonald & Herron 2010). Company Strategy Problems for the organization are the same as those found in other Australian companies and involve: inexpensive imports, internationalization, raw resources and labor procedures and cost declines expected by key clients. The organization has realized that lifecycle strategy has offered important benefits and the company has to be legitimately internationally competitive in what it does. It believes the future depends on emerging items, re-engineering current appliances, exports, automation, and realizing reduced costs from constant development. Backwell in addition uses process change, a strategy that aids in lowering material haulage and enhanced production. The strategy earns the company on average $66,000 per year in terms of savings. Automation has resulted in the eradication of manual processes on s
Introduction According to Gross (1995, 1), urban economies have shifted from producing goods to producing services and this situation has been on for quite a long time. Urban Economies have all through been on the journey to producing services as opposed to goods. The argument is that the service producers in the urban economies have been increasing for almost the last three decades. This has caused services production to be more predominant in the urban economies. This has been necessitated by the ever-increasing for services in the urban economies. Consumers for services have increased enormously for the past decades. Health services production has been identified as the rapidly growing sector in these economies. People need health services on daily basis or more regularly. This has attracted many health services providers to trickle into the urban areas. Main body Urban economies are highly populated than the rural areas and are mostly dominated by the working class and learned people. They are therefore more concerned about their health and seek health services regularly. Gross observed the recent growth in metropolitan Dallas and found that the increasing services production in the urban economies is playing a vital role in the economic growth through the provision of employment and as a source of income. The challenge posed by this trend is the concentration of health care occupation specialization in the metropolitan core which might be healthy for the economy. He also observed that the export of health services is much higher in the smaller metropolitan than it is in the larger metropolitans. Smaller metropolitan are devoted to offering high volume basic care to the people around them. Larger metropolitans are limited to specialty care and therefore they cover only a small portion of the markets. The argument of Gross is logical in a sense because the influx of people in the urban economies has increased over time. This has caused the demand for services to be higher than in other areas. People in the urban economies are more knowledgeable and they are more concerned about the services that will improve their health. For example, health services production has increased greatly. The health service providers have also concentrated in the u