ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The amount of time that is spent in learning does not influence performance outcomes of learners. Learning about effective study method can be one of the best ways to achieve one’s objectives (Pelham & Blanton, 2012). It is advisable that one should learn to manage, organize and prioritize activities in order to improve on study habits. It is expected that students should dedicate particular time and place for studying. Learning styles are necessary for high-quality performance outcomes (Pelham & Blanton, 2012). Individual student determines the method of learning, and the choice could be driven by intrapersonal and interpersonal factors (Credé & Kuncel, 2008). Some students prefer studying alone while others prefer working in groups. While both methods of learning are vital, it is critical for learners to participate in class work during lectures because this will reinforce the individual efforts (Credé & Kuncel, 2008). Learning in a cool environment where noise is minimal promotes understanding in students. The process of learning is reinforced by successful study habits and other factors, such as availability of learning environment and the readiness of the learner. Argument for conducting research and explicit hypotheses Many institutions in many countries across the world focus on increasing performance outcomes. Equipping learners with necessary knowledge, which entails teaching them how to prepare themselves adequately and effective study methods are among the important roles instructors are entrusted with (Credé & Kuncel, 2008). Many students in colleges and other institutions of learning have encountered challenges with regard to studying, especially when tests are about to begin. Some learners study without objectives, while others do it without noting down any main idea. As a result, they end up failing in their exams. Many researchers have argued that there exist theoretical and scientific proof that performance outcomes are influenced by repetitive multi-functions of capabilities and motivation, which are mediated by study habits (Credé & Kuncel, 2008). It is evident that a learner with ability who is not motivated might not perform as expected. The scholars argue that students with who are highly motivated and with high potentials produce excellent results (Credé & Kuncel, 2008). Despite the fact that the environment and students’ ability are key determinants of academic results, there is a need for students to develop and utilize effective study habits. In this view, it is necessary to conduct research to find out whether there are effects of successful study habits on academic performance outcomes. The study focuses on justifying the following hypotheses:  1. Learning styles do not have a significant difference in determining study habits and influence on academic performance.  2. Outside activities do not have a major difference in determining study habits as an influence on academic performance Discussion of eight articles In a study conducted by Vermeulen and Schmidt (2008) to investi
Introduction It was, as usual, a very hot day at the ongoing excavations at Pompeii. The Italian sun was up and there was little breeze to carry away the dust raised by the archeologists continuing their centuries-long task. They slowly carry on the process of uncovering and understanding the lives and hopes of the people of this doomed and ash-entombed city. The scale of the dig is far less than it used to be back in the 1960s, involving fewer archeologists bent over the solidified volcanic ash. Today, for reasons of finance as well as scientific caution, most effort is concentrated on preserving what has been thus far revealed. However, there is nonetheless a continuing investigation, especially into the earlier strata of the city, to reveal its pre-eruption history. There is also a push to investigate the area immediately outside the 66-hectare center of the site – the city proper (BBC). Thus, when the object, nicknamed The Scuba Divers, turned up near the foundations of the ancient bath-structure, it caused a commotion. There was still a good crowd of hardy scholars present to ooh and ash over its implications for classical archeologists everywhere. The Director, Pietro Giovanni Guzzo, was called in to share in the delight of discovery and inquiry. Although this discovery may lack the size and drama of the Muse Cycle that has been discovered at the Hospitium de Sulpicii or the visual beauty of the fresco that once covered the back wall of a Pompeiian garden, it is nonetheless significant. (Unknown, Muse Cycle) (Gill). It raises some very intriguing questions regarding several areas of Roman life and behavior. Hospitium dei Sulpice Since the most recent excavation efforts are focused on a bath complex in Murecine not far from the River Sarno, called the Hospitium dei Sulpice, the object is, not surprisingly, assumed to be associated with bathing. It is a cast bronze object about 13 inches in length, with a handle and a round paddle-shaped area at the other end (Unknown). One surface of the round end is quite flat and remarkably smooth, and the other bears a low relief decoration. The relief was probably created by the lost wax method common to many small-scale Classical bronze pieces. For a small object like this, the artisan might use the solid wax technique.. The piece would first be sculpted in solid wax in three dimensions (in low relief in this case). The model would be wrapped in clay. This would be heated to the point where the wax could melt and run out. This heating would also partially fire the clay to some greater degree of hardness than simply air-drying. Molten bronze would be poured into the now-empty clay mold. Upon complete cooling, the solid bronze could be freed from its concealing skin
The problems of sex and marriage, sex before and after marriage, and the role of sex in marriage are considered to be one of the most burning ones in different spheres of life. Lots of people prefer to talk about it just in order to solve own problems and share own experience. Some people like to investigate these issues and find out the ways to make their marriages better and stronger. If sex is something that turns out to be crucially important, it is necessary to talk about it and present various ideas to choose the best one. Can it be that sex is obsolete? What causes these conditions? Why people like to have sex and why they try to find out a reason not to have it sometimes? To these very questions, there are so many answers. Each person has his/her own point of view, and right now, I want to share my ideas as for the role of sex in marriage and the reasons of why sex may be obsolete. Firs of all, it is a bit wrong to apprehend sex as a kind of barometer of relationships between a husband and a wife. To my mind, sex will be always something that unites a woman and a man, helps to develop their relations, provides them with a chance to learn each other better, and comprehend each other’s desires with time. This is why the role of sex in marriage is significant indeed. When two people feel something that is hard to control, want to be as close as possible, and cannot wait a minute without kissing each other, this condition is called passion. Passion and sex are the things, which cannot be apart. Only when passion appears, sex turns out to be true and interesting for both people. Marriage should not be a kind of barrier that decreases the role of sex; it is better to accept marriage as another opportunity to experiment and u
As a rule, a company’s stock can be defined as value (in the cases when the company owns value stocks for the most part), growth (when a company acquires growth stocks), or blend (the incorporation of both notions mentioned above). The thresholds for defining the specified concepts, however, are rather vague. According to the existing evidence, the identification of the stock type can be carried out based on the characteristics such as the principle behind the selection, the low price/book and price/cash-flow ratios (with the MSCI EAFE Index in mind) and dividend rates (Crotzer 2008). Speaking of the low price/book, the given factor allows for the identification of the further prospects of a company, as well as the chances for the organisation to earn good profits. According to the existing formula, the low price/book ratio can be calculated by dividing the share price of the company by the book value of its equity (Crotzer 2008). As a result, a company can identify the low-price stocks, which have been overlooked and need to be considered as a possibility for further investment. Likewise, the value of the company’s stocks can be located with the help of the price/cash-flow ratios analysis. Defined as the method of evaluating the company’s cash flow (Crotzer 2008), price/cash-flow ratios are calculated by dividing the company’s share price by its cash flow per share (Crotzer 2008). Seeing that the price/cash-flow ratio is linked directly to the company’s experience in the target market, it can be assumed that the specified characteristics help identify the rates of a company’s maturity as well. Finally, the incorporation of the MSCI EAFE Index into the analysis of the stock in question in order to define its belonging to the category of value deserves to be listed among the key factors to be considered. Recognised as “the pre-eminent benchmark in the United States to measure international equity performance” (MSCI EAFE Index 2015, para. 1), the above-mentioned measurement tool helps locate the rates of equity performance. Seeing that the latter is linked closely to value, it can be viewed as the key too identifying a value stock. As far as the growth stocks are concerned, their identification can be carried out by analyzing the dividend rates paid by the company; as a rule, the lower the latter are, the closer the company’s stocks get to becoming growth oriented (Hopkins 2015). In addition, it is reasonable to consider the S&P 500 market index as a tool for colleting the data that allows for defining the stocks of a specific company as g
The Changes in Regional Tourism Organizations Both developed and developing organizations have a wide range of activities. However, details regarding the development of the tourism sector are not very outspoken especially in the tourism literature. Information on tourism organizations is often centered about organizational roles, structures and roles of tourism organizations. Nonetheless, very little has been done regarding aspects such as the motivation behind power distribution and institutional structures. In Australia, various levels in government are influenced by tourism operations. Local governments are using tourism to create job opportunities and thus boosting the local economy. The government too, has a lot of interest in tourism. This is because of the benefits that the sector has to the national political aspect as a whole. Such benefits include regional development, employment growth, multiplier effects and generation of income (Jenkins, 2000, p. 1-2). The federal partitioning of roles has contributed to difficulties in the coordination of policies. This has affected many areas such as the urban affairs, transport and resource marketing. The tourism sector has not been left out either. Tourism has not been clearly captured in the Australian constitution. The absence of specific governmental mandate to handle tourism has led to the duplication of the duties of the government, leading to lack of agreement between the States and the Commonwealth. The constitution of Australia does not really recognize the local government. The local governments exist at the level of States and the local government Acts within the constitution empower them to handle development matters and particularly tourism. This is apart from being able to rate structures and control the health standards, in accordance to the frameworks of the state government. There is lack of clarity, poor coordination in the responsibilities that the local government should play in tourism. There is some clash between the roles of local authorities and those of the State in tourism. This emanates from the nature of development and marketing in the tourism sector (Jenkins, 2000, p. 178-179). Recently, tourism featured in a Commonwealth policy in the economic development at the regional level. When the working nation was introduced, two programs were introduced: Regional Development Organizations and Regional Development Strategy. As a ligament of these programs, the department of tourism in Commonwealth funded a tourism development program at the regional level. Since the inception of the coalition government in 1996, there have been some changes, both economically and developmentally. Since then, the government has continued participating in tourism development programs, at the regional level. P
Two Characteristics of Adult Learning One of the primary characteristics of adult learners is their possession of the experiences and opinions obtained previously in life (“Characteristics of adult learning,” n.d.). In other words, apart from the motivation and a rational determination to learn that may serve as the factors helping to increase the effectiveness of their learning process, adult learners tend to bring in their past experiences that may complicate the acquisition of the new knowledge (The National Institute for Staff and Organizational Development, 2007). Another characteristic of adult learners is their willingness to see the connection of the newly acquired knowledge to their daily life and the translation of the learned material to practice (“Principles of adult learning,” n.d.). As an adult learner, I have experienced both of these characteristics. In my opinion, the two aspects mentioned above are interconnected. The challenges presented by the adult learners’ set mentalities and prejudices can be overcome through the practical demonstration and application of the new knowledge. I believe that modern universities are focused on battling stereotypes and set impressions and attempt to provide the opportunities for independent research so that the learners could use what they have learned, practice their newly acquired skills, and see the benefits of critical thinking and an open mind right away.
Introduction Asthma is a persistent and incurable lung disease whereby the ways of respiratory air passage slender due to thickening of the walls. This disease has not only aroused speculation and alertness from researchers, but also caused significant control mechanisms worldwide. In this regard, it is pertinent to evaluate various current incidents related to asthma and identify the outcomes or strategies initiated to fight this woeful demise facing the globe. In a bid to perform this evaluation, the issues relating to Abu Dhabi and its surrounding will be considered. Furthermore, the information will be compared to other capital cities from various countries apart from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Background In 2010, the Health Authority of Abu Dhabi reported that 155,379 people demanded attention from asthma specialist [1]. Surprisingly, apart from 57% of the affected persons being male, 46% involved children below the age of fifteen. In this regard, training programs were initiated to ensure provision of qualified healthcare services for asthmatic individuals including the adults and kids. Furthermore, this authority indicated that 449,967 incidents of service requirements were apparent, where health checkups comprised of 63% as compared to the 9% tragedy occurrences [1]. The manager of this authority, Dr. Jaberi, provided insight about the necessity of asthma training program by pointing out that it would raise the number of practitioners, identify new cases, improve asthma management at individual level, and lower the tally of admissions basing on proper management. A countrywide evaluation of the demises related to environmental pollution that takes a significant role in the rising cases of asthma shows UAE as the most affected nations since the discovery of oil in 1958 [2]. Essentially, UAE was one of the poor Arab countries before this discovery. However, the oil has included it among the best income earners worldwide. The life expectancy has improved by about 30 units for 60 years since the 1950 where it has led to such adequate resources as modernized health facilities. These improvements and achievements have risen with various health risks attributed to air pollution. In this regard, an environmental commission was set to anticipate the Environmental Burden of Disease (EBD) targeting to avail the causative agents associated with these outcomes. The agents causing asthma were related significantly to combustion of fuel where the end products were subject to cause harmful effects or react in presence of light to produce toxic substances. The World Health Organization (WHO) has it that the adequate resources are not solely a solution for the asthmatic conditions in Abu Dhabi [3]. This organization indicated that the diagnosis and treatment of asthmatic case within UAE, including the capital city, are below the standards levels. In this light, 50% of the overall affected population cannot manage the condition without frequent interventions from the practitioners. In comparison to the overall population of UA
Introduction One of the major health problems that go unnoticed is Vitamin D deficiency. Limited exposure to sunlight and decreased dietary intake, increased skin pigmentation, and geographical location causes vitamin D deficiency (Reichrath, 2008). Lack of vitamin D causes rickets in children; it causes osteomalacia in adults besides having long lasting effects in human health (Darke, 2006). Vitamin D comes from direct sunlight and naturally, from animal products like egg yolks and fish liver oils. Research Objective The research aims at reviewing the various factors that contribute to vitamin D deficiency between children and adults and the various measures put in place to prevent diseases such as rickets among children. Examination of Vitamin D was done against the percentage of calcium intake. Importance of the subject The subject is important because vitamin D is essential in the development and growth of a healthy human skeleton from birth to death. Vitamin D maintains calcium homeostasis in the body by increasing the ability of the intestines to absorb calcium (Ernesto, 2001). Lack of vitamin D in the body affects the way different organs in the body operate such as the kidney, cardiovascular systems, and skeletal muscles. It can cause various diseases and pathological conditions, for example, cancer, and type II diabetes (Holick, 2011). Adequate vitamin D is beneficial to human health. It reduces the risk of contracting bone diseases, reduces the extent of pain, heart diseases, autoimmune and cognitive function (Hauschka, 2009). The subject is also important since it highlights the predisposing factors of Vitamin D and ways of eradicating it to stop diseases like rickets from affecting infants and children in the world (Steiner, 2009). Hypothesis  1. Does vitamin D deficiency cause prostate cancer among men? Prostate cancer is one of the diseases causing deaths among men. This is due to decreased synthesis of vitamin D. there is an inverse correlation in some of the countries between mortality rates caused by prostate cancer and ultra-violet radiation. The hypothesis is backed by the antitumor properties exhibited by vitamin D, and may give way to new ways of researching prostate cancer (Schwartz, 1990, p. 25).  2. Atmospheric acid containing SO 2 and crystals of sulfate lead to Vitamin D deficiencies in crowded p
Because the Ready Case is the latest version of iPhone products introduced by Apple Corporation, the main task of the management team is to ensure the implementation of the corresponding techniques, tools, and processes for coordinating the work on a new business idea (Bygrave and Zacharakis 26). Because the technological advances constantly invade the market, the task of the management team is to attract the customers within the shortest period of time. In particular, it is necessary to introduce core business objectives and strategies. The management team is composed of three departments – the marketing department, R & D department, and Quality Assurance Department. All these divisions should contribute greatly to the development and immediate distribution products (Barringer and Ireland 15). The first step in launching the business concept involves organizing the advertising campaign. The marketing department, therefore, should work in cooperation with the R & D department to grasp the entire idea about the Ready Case, including its advantages and disadvantages, as well as define which features are the most attractive ones for the buyers. With regard to the product description, the product will fit in a specific target group who searches for elegance, usability, and functionality. These features should be at the core of the business idea. The main task of R & D department is to invest into the research on the mobile devices in related companies to assess the competitiveness of the proposed model and define what features should be presented during the advertising campaign. The second strategy should involve the development of new communication channels with the customers. Apart from creating the Internet posts and blogs, it is also possible to organize specialized crews that will work in the largest shops for conducting surveys. In this respect, the task of the marketing department is to develop a questionnaire that will be able to highlight the main customer’s needs and requirements. The questionnaire will specifically relate to the analysis of customer’s tastes and results. In addition, the management team can establish traditional and non-traditional retailing schemes. Finally, Quality Assurance department should take control of the production process to ensure that all the proposed features correspond to the official description. More importantly, the company should also introduce sufficient software for efficient information exchange between the consumers. The analysis of the project objectives should also be carried with regard to the quality standards. The managers of the department should also work on the development of new directions and strategies that will enhance the quality of the production. Organizational Chart The efficiently structured organizational relations stand at the core of successful launching of a business idea into the market. The organizational c