ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Since time immemorial philosophy has undergone tremendous metamorphosis. The developed world has revered the development in science over any other society, eventually putting theories of science and those scientists on a scale higher than their counter parts in lower cadres of society for example state machineries or entrepreneurial men and women of the day. Generally, human sciences study the ‘globe’ that mankind establishes and lives in, while the natural sciences research on the physical universe (Berlin, 1997). This poses the question: why are the sciences and the theories they dismiss normally looked at in such a superior way? How, and with what outcomes and repercussions, do both the duo as fields of knowledge use means like observing, gathering of experimental facts, and usually the application of research methods, in the designing of theories? The major distinction in the ways in which two fields of understanding try to reach their inference too is the source of the variation in the manner in which they persuade or convince others. How are they different in the real sense? Finally, on what grounds can the society bank on knowing through research in the coming up with factual, dependable, and theories that can convince others? To start with, I will first clearly give the meanings of some key concepts used in this essay. Philosophy can be defined as a science of the study of events that cannot be proven through experimental knowledge (Berlin, 1997).The parameters applied in measuring anything to be regarded as a theory in the field of science is that, it must be an ideology or assertion that can describe, explain and/or is forecasting in nature. It is founded on possible intelligent guesses that are supported with facts, and that are consistent with the present knowledge. The main idea here is that, theories in the sciences should by way of their formulation, be able to be seen as wrong. In this sense, theories in their meaning can not be seen as entirely true; at their top way of thinking cannot be dispelled by the critics of the theory. The conception of theories by this school of thought is the focal point of this essay. The next borne of controversy in defining is the phrase ‘convincing’. A theory that will be able to convince the other scientists can be defined as one that can withstand the critics and effectively influence others to accept it as true. All of us are aware that theories in science are not r
John Irving, the author of the novels the Cider House Rule and A Widow for One Year focuses on the theme of motherhood through the description of the main characters. Children who experience parental negligence especially from their mothers are unable to make solid decisions in their lives. Mother is the backbone of every family; consequently, children who grow up without mothers end up having tough times in adulthood, as it is the case in the two novels. Irving focuses on failed motherhood either before or after the birth of the children. In the Cider House Rule , Homer Wells undergoes awful ordeals during his childhood which forces him into an Orphanage called St. Paul. Surprisingly, Homer comes to the orphanage when he is still an infant. He does not know his mother’s whereabouts; he simply tries effortlessly to live with four foster families. While under foster care, Homer has never known how it feels to be happy. Similarly, Ruth Cole does not have a happy childhood after the death of her two siblings; her mother neglects her parental duties. In addition, her parents have frequent fights, which lead to divorce. In the two cases, there is evident failed motherhood and the two kids; Homer and Ruth, experience this unfortunate failure. Dr. Larch parents only tolerated to remain in marriage for the marriage was void of love. His mother does not care about her son’s wellbeing; she is rarely at home, because her job is perhaps more important; her family more so her son comes second or third in her priorities. Interestingly, when her husband brings the young Larch a prostitute as a present for passing exams well, she does not object. Ruth experiences the same neglect just like Larch; her mother does not love her and its not surprising when she eventually leaves Ruth under the care of her father. Regrettably, the issue of failed motherhood paints the picture of current parents who leave their children under the care of either teachers or house helps to pursue their dreams. After growing to become a doctor, Dr. Larch bases his career on abortion; he simply lacks no respect for human life courtesy of poor parentage. Talking of abortion, the author highlights the failure of some mothers, who respect not their unborn children; abortion to them I a common thing. Additionally, in Larch’s neighborhood, most mothers are the oldest professionals in the world; prostitutes. Besides prostitution being ‘unethical’ though controversial, the fruits are repugnant. These ‘professionals’ conceive children they cannot raise and thus abortion becomes the last resort; unfortunately, some mothers die in the process of abortion; what a piteous way of living. On the other hand, Ruth witnesses the painful death of a prostitute in one of the red districts; statistics and conventional knowledge attribute prostitutes to failed mo
“The Trial of the Century” is considered as an idiomatic phrase that is used to describe certain well-known court cases that took place in the 20th century. The trial between Gonzalo Mendez et al. vs. Westminster school district of Orange County et al. case of 1944 will be used to show how people were segregated without a justifiable reason. This trial was named as one of the most important as it results contributed to the elimination of racial segregation of Mexican students in schools. The trial will also show the importance of following the law and the impact that can be created due to racial segregation as depicted from the case study. This paper will investigate one of the trials of the twentieth century and the ruling that was made by the presiding judge. The researcher will also give a personal experience and opinion based on the study presented in the paper. The study is important since it will give a d
The issue under consideration, low wages for healthcare workers and budget cuts, implies the presence of competing needs. They are expressed by the personnel’s desire to eliminate the risks of enhanced responsibility and burden due to the lack of employees’ and patients’ interest in timely and high-quality services. These conditions may impact the development of policy by creating additional problems, which should be addressed. The most common issues in this regard are specialists’ burnout and low satisfaction among people who need medical assistance (Kelly & Porr, 2018). As a result, the elaborated initiatives might be less efficient due to the continuously increasing number of aspects, which should be addressed. The competing needs specified above reflect the ethical concerns of professionals in the field and directly affect the selected issue. For example, the perceived complications deriving from the emergence of more complicated conditions for work lead to a sense of powerlessness, frustration, tensions, and conflicts among the nurses (Kelly & Porr, 2018). As a result, their ability to make decisions within individualized patient-centered care becomes worse, and this situation implies risks for their patients (Milliken, 2018). They stem from the lack of awareness of employees regarding their needs for safe and ethical care. In order to overcome the mentioned obstacles to rendering high-quality healthcare services, it is necessary to develop a policy addressing these competing needs. It should be based on the provisions of the Code of Ethics for Nurses and, more specifically, the primacy of the patients’ interests and duties to self and others complemented by sufficient compensations for professionals (“Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements,” n.d.). In other words, the orientation on the people’s needs should be their priority, but the work performed in the absence of a sufficient number of employees should be rewarded accordingly.
Autobiographical memory is a term that can be used to refer to events that took place at a particular place and time. Autobiographical memory is dependent on the Childs ability to bring up a personal life story in the memory. Development of Autobiographical memory occurs in stages just like other human development processes. After conception the fetus undergoes development in the brain that facilitates cognitive processes to commence. The type of food materials and nutrients a pregnant mother feeds on determine cognitive development of the unborn child. After the baby is born brain development continues and autobiographical memory starts accumulating in the infant. This is facilitated by the child mother interaction. Objects of play such as toys are very significant in the development of autobiographical memory during infancy. From infancy there is the pre-school age whereby the child accumulates autobiographical memory as a result of interaction with the parents and playmates. The recognition of the self is more developed here as depicted when the child can distinguish his/her images from those of other children. Here the child is normally exposed to learning materials that also aid in the autobiographical memory. In the school going autobiographical memory continues to develop and accumulate as learning materials in class and even outside the class environment. In adolescence the child undergoes various changes that determine cognitive and autobiographical memory. (Conway.& Pleydell , 2000). Infancy Infancy stage refers to the period between conception and about two years of life outside the mother’s womb. During this stage important cognitive processes take place and are fundamental towards the development of autobiographical memory in the infants. From birth as the child develops the reflexes they mark the beginning of autobiographical memory. This is the period of sensory motor development. It is marked by important body sensitivity movements especially towards images and even touch as stimuli. during the first twelve to eighteen month the infant tries to experiment and do some creativity. This is very important as far retention of information is concerned. It is the sensation and interaction between the body and the envir
The quality concepts/elements are of great importance both at home and at work. At home, when one behaves ethically, maintains integrity with their relatives, and engages in appropriate and effective communication with them, this can lead to the development of trust and recognition, which is likely to result in good, mutually beneficent relationships that all the sides are going to be satisfied with. The importance of appropriate utilization of the quality concepts/elements at work also can hardly be overestimated. It is pivotal for any employee or businessperson to behave ethically and maintain moral integrity while engaging in communication with workers or colleagues, as well as when dealing with customers. If, on the contrary, integrity is not maintained with clients, these clients will probably be lost to the business; if it is not adhered to when communicating with colleagues, there is always a great risk of losing their trust, which can harm relationships with them and exclude the possibility of effective teamwork; when it is not complied with while dealing with one’s employees, the leader will lose the workers’ trust and recognition, which will lead to low motivation, ineffective work, and decreased loyalty. Because of this, it is a common practice in organizations to develop a code of ethics and demand that the members of that organization adhere to that code. For effective collaboration inside the company, it is also paramount to engage in effective leadership practices, which often requires one to have had proper training before assuming the position of a leader. Finally, it should be stressed that high-quality leadership is a critical element of successful teamwork, but the members of the team also often need training before they can engage in efficacious collaboration. Therefore, quality concepts/elements are vital whenever one acts or engages in communication both at home and at work.
Tesla had entered the automobile market forcefully and, with energetic leadership, smart marketing, and high-quality products, carved a considerable share for itself. It inevitably puts the company at odds with other auto dealers, including the giants like Volkswagen and Toyota, who use a different retail model. While the competition and increased supply impact the range of choices that people have positively, monopolization still remains a possibility, driven by the same sinful nature that was already recognized in biblical times. Overall, Tesla’s entry into the automobile market impacted the situation for the better insofar as the ordinary customer is concerned. On the one hand, it added another car manufacturer to the list of those to choose from and, therefore, increased the range of options available to the customers. Apart from that, its emphasis on direct sales, as opposed to franchising, creates a different buying experience, which also facilitates choice. In terms of natural market forces, increased supply represented by Tesla’s entry into the market is also a positive factor. The dynamics of the economy ensure that, with an increased supply and roughly stable demand, the price equilibrium point will gradually move down, thus, making the goods more accessible. In this respect, increased competition also impacts the range of choices for the better, albeit indirectly, as lower prices ensure there can be more options for the same spending level. That being said, the drive toward monopolization, with all its detrimental effects for the consumer, still remains. The simplest biblical explanation for this drive is, of course, the sin of greed that drives people to obtain more than they can possibly need. By eliminating competition and dominating the market, monopolist suppliers seek to increase their wealth at the expense of the consumers by depriving them of alternatives, which is hardly Christian. To summarize, Tesla’s competition with traditional auto dealers impacts the range of choices positively insofar as the consumer is concerned. Increased supply and competition ensure that, at least theoretically, there should be more options available. Still, there is no doubt that any large company in the industry would favor the opportunity to monopolize the market by eliminating competition to satisfy its greed. The person I interviewed for this assignment was my mother, a pious and conservative christen woman. She does not have that much interest in the automobile market, and her answers were largely influenced by the common sense perspective on the matter. She posited that the entry of a new company into the market is generally good because it would give people more choice options. She did not have much to say about the natural market forces shaping the supply-demand me
Introduction The use of stimulants such as amphetamine (AMPH), cocaine, marijuana, and so on is considered affecting a person’s memory. Some of them, including Ritalin or Adderal, tend to become popular in clinical settings as recreational drugs. However, their impact may be adverse in case of abuse or illegal use. In this regard, it is essential to discover both the positive and negative effects of amphetamines and other stimulants along with their relations with human memory. The scope of the problem of stimulant abuse is quite important in nowadays medicine since the application of amphetamine is not explored in an in-depth manner. While some studies reflect a rather beneficial impact of the mentioned stimulants and consider future researches, others provide convincing arguments, pinpointing that stimulants are likely to destroy working and long-term memory. This paper will start with the provision of the basis for the problem upon which it is expected to create a thorough literature review by focusing on the recent evidence. The discussion section will present credible findings and their consideration in terms of the identified problem supported by the critical analysis. Ultimately, a brief summary and conclusions will be provided in order to synthesize the results. Background AMPH is one of the most powerful stimulants that have ever been created. Initially, this substance was created with good intentions, such as the treatment of chronic alcoholism, obesity, and depression. In the US, it is prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the course of such medications as Dexedrine and Adderal (Calipari & Ferris, 2013). The working mechanism of AMPH focuses on the increase of dopamine that is responsible for motivation and joy – the findings of several studies confirm this effect (Calipari & Ferris, 2013). Amphetamine causes the body to produce more of this neurotransmitter, it even facilitates its passage through the cytoplasm inside the cell, lubricates the vesicles in which the dopamine is transported. As a rule, Adderal is prescribed for the treatment of ADHD disorder – a neurobehavioral state manifested in the form of inattention, hyperactivity, and temper. This disease was included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the United States Nomenclature of M
Introduction The Melbourne Food and Wine Festival is an annual event organized by the Melbourne Food and Wine Organization. The event is held in March of every year since its inception in 1993. The Melbourne Food and Wine Festival is held throughout Melbourne showcasing the urban and regional life of the city and its various food and wine offerings to reinforce the position of the city of Melbourne as the culinary city of the nation. The duration of the festival is usually for 15-20 days variable on a year to year basis. Over 300,000 visitors attend the year annually ( 200 events over 17 days: Festival Showcases Melbourne’s iconic food and wine scene 2009). The Melbourne Food and Wine Festival was originally started in 1993 when it encompassed of only 12 events. Now however the Melbourne Food and Wine Festival is composed of more than 220 events and rivals other regional events like the Australian Tennis Open. Context Role of the Festival The role of the Melbourne Food and Wine festival is to provide increased awareness about the culinary treasures in Australia as well as increase the attraction of the public to the gastronomical offers that the festival opens up to them. The festival plays a key role in promoting Australia, particularly as a tourist destination as well as promotes the food and wine culture of the region. Push and Pull Factors The push factors that are relevant to the festival pertain to the unique culinary experience that is expected by the visitors as well as the recreational enjoyment that they crave from the festival. The pull factors relevant to the festival include the various different food and wine offers that attract the visitors of diverse palates as well as the free sample food tasting offered by the festival. Role of Food and Drink in Festival Events The food and drink festivals play an important role increasing tourism in the region as well as increase revenue for regional as well as international food businesses. Aside from this the food and drink festivals are also aimed at increasing the awareness of the visitors about the culinary and gastronomical offers while educating them about the culture, history and heritage behind the food. Political Agenda The main political agenda behind the Melbourne Food and Drink Festival is to increase the awareness of Melbourne as a cultural hot spot and epicenter of good food and great wine in Australia. The festival promotes to the political agenda by creating awareness about the region, as well as increasing revenue for the region by increasing internal as well as over season tourism coming into the region. Historical/ Contemporary Importance of the Festival Since 1993, the festival has been integrating the history of the region, and its significant landmarks with food and wine offers for visitors. The World Longest Lunch in the Melbourne Food and Drink Festival in 2009 took place at the banks of the Yarra River depicting the heritage of the region and the classic Italian roots of the location/ infrastructure in its food offerings and sel
Abstract The current paper outlines a proposal for a study aimed at examining business ethics in relation to marketing plans adopted by McDonald’s. A number of issues regarding ethics and market planning are outlined in the proposed theoretical framework. In line with the need to safeguard the wellbeing of consumers, the project highlights the importance of understanding the effects of ethical standards on selected marketing plans, such as advertising. The author outlines a hybrid research design that will be used in the proposed study. To this end, the research will assume a combination of a case study and an exploratory study design. Some of the findings expected include the required ethical standards with regards to an organisation engaging in marketing. The ethics touch on, among others, advertising and labelling. The author concludes that an ideal marketing plan is one that satisfies the various needs of consumers in the industry. Introduction Background Information Ethics play a very important role in the business world. The standards are used to ensure that the products sold to the consumer are genuine and of high quality. Given this significance, there is a need to examine the concept on the basis of a real-life example. The proposed research intends to analyse the specific notions of ethics associated with marketing and other business activities. According to Murphy and Laczniak (2012), the marketing plan adopted by a given entity should adhere to certain ethical standards. In light of this, the proposed project will analyse some of the ethical measures employed by businesses. McDonald’s will be used as a case study for the planned research undertaking. The proposal will focus on ethical standards regarding the formulation and implementation of marketing plans in the fast-food industry at the international and state levels. Research Rationale The research project is mainly intended to examine the marketing plans of a food chain business. The rationale behind business operations in many entities is the need to maintain high