ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The single most remarkable difference pertains, certainly, to the reimagined façade of the Gothic cathedrals: airy, impressively high, and vertical-oriented. Several principles of the previously dominant Romanesque were violated in the Gothic style at the time of its conception in the 12 th century (“Gothic Art”). These include thick walls, round, often “a full semi-circle” arches, and small windows, rounded at the top as well (“Gothic” 0:58). Romanesque buildings gave the impression of stability and authority, with minimal ornamentation in the form of the same kind of semi-circular arches – and oftentimes, supported by a colonnade of piers (“Romanesque Architecture”). Arches, being a similarity between the two styles, however, present themselves in a strikingly different appearance. Contrary to the Romanesque arches typically being round, only sometimes being “slightly distorted”, the Gothic style introduced pointing arches – lancet arches — with a closer resemblance to a triangular form (“Gothic Art”). Now, pointed arches are considered the most characteristic aspects of Gothic architecture, present in every regional variation. The presence of an arch, and, subsequently, the arcade – a set of arches – is a persistent aspect of both cathedral styles; however, the reason Gothic was so revolutionary in its time deals with the inclusion of natural light. The windows of a Gothic cathedral are enormous, mesmerizing, and let in a generous amount of sunlight – unlike the Roman style. The Romanesque cathedrals, namely the ones like Speyer Cathedral or Abbey Church of St. James in Hungary, are all closed-off structures with a defensive quality about them (“Romanesque Architecture”). Their narrow and small windows let only a limited amount of light, producing a feeling of exclusion from the rest of the world; the idea that was intensified by the thick walls of the cathedral. These were “robust structures, with small paired windows and groin vaults” (“Romanesque Architecture”). Unlike Gothic cathedrals, Romanesque buildings showed greater simplicity and visual stability in structure, with a closed-off, protected interior. The creations of the newly invented style, Gothic, still excite the minds of its admirers today – it is barely possible to imagine the impression it had on a 12th-century person. The structure feels high and airy, with large windows that allow the interplay of natural light with the interior vaults. The greatest example would also be the most famous one – a true masterpiece of Gothic – the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. It is said that “it helped change architecture forever, ushering in the Gothic style” (“The History of France’s Notre Dame Cathedral” 0:46). Remarkable architectural features, made the Gothic structure possible are the “ribs” – supporting structures of both Gothic and Romanesque vaults; and “flying buttresses” – supporting structures on the outside of the cathedral walls, that bore the majority of the structure’s weight. According to CBS News, “the only thing that could weaken the structure was water”, which was, in the example of Notre Dame, brilliantly solved via the insta
Introduction Nature comprises many processes that recycle various elements to avoid human wastage. Nature does not waste any of its elements and recycles them all including water, air and organic fertility. Recycling of natural elements occurs in order to maintain ecological balance for survival of all living species. However, human beings have meddled with nature so much that problems such as depletion of ozone layer and global warming are inflicting the human race adversely (Kalman and Sjonger 11). An example of a process in which nature recycles one of its constituent elements is the water cycle. By definition, the water cycle is a continuous movement of water between the earth surface and the atmosphere (Kalman and Sjonger 11). The water moves from water bodies such as oceans and rivers into the atmosphere and vice versa. It involves several states of matter including solid, gas and liquid in which water changes its form in an unending cycle of precipitation (Kalman and Sjonger 2). The cycle involves several steps that include evaporation, precipitation, run-off and percolation. Each of these steps plays a role in continuing the water cycle. Water cycle process The water cycle is important in maintaining the right amount of water in nature. In addition, it facilitates the storage of underground water that is used when there is no precipitation (Olien 8). There are several steps involved in the water cycle. They include evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, sub-surface flow and run-off (Olien 8). In all these steps, water is converted into different states of matter including liquid, gas and solid. Heat exchange is one of the processes that are involved in all the steps. In each of these steps, heat is either lost or gained. Evaporation This is the process by which water changes from liquid form to gaseous form (Olien 9). It is the primary process that drives the movement of water from water bodies into the atmosphere in form of water vapor. The main water bodies include oceans, sea, lakes, rivers, dams, streams and ponds. They provide approximately 90% of the vapor in the atmosphere. The other 10% comes from plants through the process of transpiration (Olien 9). Evaporation takes place when heat from solar energy heats up water in water bodies and causes it to change from liquid to gas. On the other hand, evapotranspiration is the process of water release from the surface of plants and soil due to evaporation (Olien 10). Transpiration contributes a very low percentage of water vapor in the water cycle. Evaporation is the main process that drives the water cycle. Afterwards, the water vapor rises to the atmosphere and the n
Opening The opening of my demonstration will require future work, so I would award myself 3 points for this. It was relatively short and formal, despite my attempts to make the participants feel welcomed. The opening was consistent with the group’s purpose, and my use of tone and volume was appropriate for the setting; however, I think that I showed little evidence of self-reflection or self-correction. Also, I feel that it was rather formal and dry. For example, I listed the goals of the meeting instead of attempting to connect with the participants’ inner motivations for self-correction and help. However, I felt it was vital that I established the rules regarding confidentiality of information at the outset, as it ensured that my work with the group complied with all ethical standards (Corey, Corey, & Corey, 2014). In order to establish good communications from early on, I could have said more about myself and the goals behind my work; this would also have had the benefit of emphasizing my interest in continuous professional development. Body Language & ‘Non-Verbals’ I believe that my body language demonstrated openness and communicated empathy where appropriate, an essential component of successful group work (Corey et al., 2014). I think I managed to achieve a balance between being friendly and professional; however, sometimes, my non-verbal expressions did not demonstrate full engagement with the grou
Introduction Risk refers to the probability of harm befalling on an individual. Risk assessment refers to the identification of things or situations that can cause harm to individuals or structures to employ suitable preventive measures and precautions (Health and Safety Executive). This is because everyone has a right to protection from all possible dangers. Incidences at workplace or home can lead to loss of lives, destruction of tangible assets, increase insurance expenses, and in the end, lead to a financial loss where businesses are concerned. Risk assessment consists of five steps (Health and Safety Executive). The first step involves identifying hazards. A hazard refers to anything that can cause injury and includes such things as chemicals, cabinets, electricity, and so on. Identifying hazards involves walking around a workstation to see what can cause harm, inquiring from staff members, contacting trade organizations, and checking instructions from manufacturers. The second step involves coming up with a list of those people who are at risk of hazards identified in step one. Such a list would consist of staff members, members of public as well as suppliers (Health and Safety Executive). The thirds step, evaluation of risks, involves looking at the origin and nature of risks and how to eliminate or control such risks. The fourth step involves documenting and executing findings from previous steps as well as sharing with all stakeholders (Health and Safety Executive). Execution involves such things like labeling, erecting warning signs, and carrying out emergency drills. The last step involves a constant review of the whole process to assess progress or lack of progress to take necessary steps. Safety planning involves coming up with a method of avoiding risky situations or things (Health and Safety Executive). Generally, there are various areas considered risky both at home, school, and in workstations. These places include entrances and exits, windows, floors, walls, ceilings, furniture, cribs, storage units, bathrooms, and toys. Rungs and entrance slopes should have strong handrails with proper levels for all people to use. Doors should be unlocked to ease access to and from the building. Also, hallways should be lit properly and be clear of any obstacles to make it easy to get to an exit door in case of emergency (Hendricks). It is tempting to look outside through the windows, especially in floors beyond the ground. Several cases of people falling several floors down are common, and the causes range from accident to premeditated occurrences like suicide. As such, it is advisable to design barriers on windows to prevent such incidences. Grills are quite suitable as barriers through the use of limited window opening also assists in preventing people from falling through windows. Also, it is advisable to clear any cords that may cause strangulation (Hendricks). Depending on the type and texture of a floor, it is important to ensure that floors are free
Introduction Cultural customs are an institution in themselves. They exhibit the true colors of society and differentiate one region from another. Taking a cue from the above statement, I’ve thrown some light on the institution of marriage, with special regards to an Indian setup. Over here, the institution of marriage can well be compared as an antonym to its western counterpart. While the concept is ironic in certain ways, it mainly focuses on divulging the hidden secrets of a rich cultural norm, which otherwise, would have remained under the veil of uncertainty. Irony of Marriages in an Indian Set Up According to iloveindia (2009), a cultural norm is often defined as a state wherein you cannot initiate a thought or execute an action. In this scenario, you happen to be a slave of a creation, which happened to be an ethos of a set of principles that have been brought down, preserved and executed for a fairly long time. Taking a cue from the above statement, it would not be incorrect to state that a cultural norm is an occurrence that has no beginning and no end. It has been created in the ancient past and it is deemed to continue for generations to come. If we take the example of attending a marriage of a loved one, we would all agree that in accordance to the cultural norms, you need to attend the engagement ceremony, become a part of the main marriage ceremony and finally bless and congratulate the newly married couple by becoming an active part of the reception dinner. Taking a cue, from the above paragraph, let us now expand the above-mentioned thoughts and streamline these ideas into a single stream of thought, backed by appropriate action. Over here, we would choose a single cultural norm, which, as mentioned in the introductory paragraph, would continue to be the institution of marriage. In this scenario, we would be taking into consideration a specific country and unlike a broad perspective, we would be zeroing in on a particularly interesting aspect of marriage, which, unlike the previous view, would concentrate on the method through which an individual is forced to choose his/her partner. Let me now take this discussion forward and throw light on this intriguing aspect by citing a specified example in an Indian setup. Most people are not familiar with an Indian marriage. Unlike what you all thought, this is not the name of a Hollywood blockbuster in the making. On the contrary, it deals with a specific aspect, which is ironically hidden from the rest of the world but is satirically prevalent in a typical Indian setup. The reason why I attached humor to the entire concept is that this particular aspect of marriage is ironic when compared with the global model. While in the west, a marriage is said to be a freedom of choice, wherein a partner has all the rights to choose a partner, regardless of gender, in India, marriages are supposed to be “made in heaven.” Ironical isn’t it. Please do not get perturbed; for the statement does not imply that God almighty, would be forced to relinquish his heavenly thrown each time he is supposed to find a suitable match, for that woul
Introduction CERES is recognized as an international leader in taking initiative to conserve the environment and promoting sustainability. According to the Australian Government Department of the Environment (2014), “CERES is a robust community organization working to change the world for the better by instilling values of economic, social, and environmental sustainability” (2014, p. 1). Environmental sustainability ensures that resources are managed in a manner to ensure there is enough for future generations. Principles of environmental sustainability Integration of Environmental and economic decisions The economic decisions formulated should reflect the likely effects on the environment, social, and human health. Stewardship The environment should be managed for the equal benefits of the current and future generations. Shared responsibility and Understanding The stakeholders in environmental sustainability should be accountable for their actions. Prevention All activities that are likely to have adverse effects on the environment should be avoided. Conservation and enhancement Life support systems of the environment should be installed and properly maintained. Renewable and non-renewable resources should be used in a wise and efficient manner. Rehabilitation and Reclamation There should be initiatives to rehabilitate the destroyed environment. Global Responsibility Environmental sustainability stakeholders should think globally and act locally. They should work together to ensure there is the equitable and responsible use of resources. Adopting principles of sustainable Development Engage environment-friendly activities Local communities should engage in activities that do not harm the environment. The farming methods used should not degrade the environment. The major causes of environmental degradation are irresponsible human activities. The local communities should reduce the irresponsible disposal of wastes. The industries in the local communities should stop releasing wastes to the water bodies. This will reduce the destruction of the ecosystem. Rehabilitation of destroyed parts of the environment by local communities The local communities should take the initiative to rehabilitate the environment. The poorly disposed of wastes should be removed and taken to the right places. The local people can also embark on reforestation to rehabilitate destroyed forests. This will attract rains to the land and improve wildlife. Principles of sustainable living promoted by CERES CERES has numerous community projects that are meant to promote sustainable living. These include:   * CERES Ecohouse.   * Café for fine organic food and drinks.   * Organic farm and market.   * Festival and education programs.   * Permaculture and native plant varieties.   * Independently managed site groups and volunteers with the responsibility of environmental rehabilitation. Principles to adopt Principle of Festivals and education programs Education is important because it helps people understand the importance of environmental
Introduction The management of arts organizations depends on maintaining the work of such five components as leadership and governance, the development of programs to address the mission, financing, marketing, and community involvement. The modern industry of arts organizations is discussed as rapidly developing and challenging, and much attention should be paid to analyzing how organizations can achieve success in this context (Rosewall 32-48). Kennedy Heights Arts Center (KHAC) located in Cincinnati, Ohio, was founded in 2004 to preserve Lewis Kennedy’s mansion and address the community’s needs in the area of arts. Being established as an organization solely based on volunteers’ initiative and efforts, KHAC developed in a large art center. The purpose of this portfolio is to describe the aspects of leadership and governance, mission-based programming, financing, marketing, and audience development related to KHAC. Leadership and Governance In 2008, Ellen Muse-Lindeman became the Executive Director of KHAC, and now she leads the team of professionals in cooperation with the Board of Directors headed by Bill Lennard. Thus, the major decisions regarding the organization’s development are made by the Board and Ellen Muse-Lindeman. The corporation’s organizational structure is based on several units and teams responsible for performing certain tasks related to KHAC’s key activities. Thus, there is the Events Organization unit coordinated by Tausha Cox and the Exhibitions and Public Art unit headed by Mallory Feltz. The Arts Engagement and Learning unit is headed by Brittany Vernon, and it also includes a team of art educators. Additionally, financial analysis and accounting services in the organization are provided by Mairi Huizinga. Furthermore, there are staff teams that manage operations in Kennedy Mansion and Lindner Event Center as the main facilities of KHAC ( Kennedy Heights Arts Center ). Marketing and community involvement goals are realized by the directors of the listed units. Furthermore, there are also coordinators, teams, and instructors responsible for the organization of regular and seasonal exhibitions, art classes for the youth, art classes for adults, summer camps, and outreach programs. Much attention is paid to realizing the principles of inspirational leadership in the corporation and attracting volunteers from community members ( Ke
Introduction Economic impetus behind environmental exploitations by developing nations in pursuit for opportunities has made conservatives to develop and implement Payment for Environmental Service programs which offer financial compensation to the nations that avoid the exploitations (OEC 90). Arguably, the most prominent scheme is REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) which is an approach of imposing a price-tag on carbon storage provided by forests. Recently, the scope of REDD has broadened and recognizes carbon benefits reaped from sustainable forestry efforts. This case study investigates the partnership between Norway & Indonesia being the largest example of REDD. It attempts to answer two questions: What were the motives and goals behind the partnership? What are the achievements of the partnership? Norway-Indonesia REDD partnership The REDD partnership between Norway and Indonesia was initiated in 2010 when the two governments signed a letter of intent that would contribute to substantial reductions in carbon emissions from three activities: deforestation, forest deprivation and peat-land transformation in Indonesia (Cunningham & Cunningham 189). This agreement was divided into three phases supposed to end in 2014 under Norwegian financing. According to this agreement, Indonesia should implement a program to suspend all new businesses for the conversion of natural and peat forests. The objective of this program is to establish a baseline on vital aspects of forest and peat-lands that is deliberate to the effective execution of REDD strategy national wide. T
Introduction Nowadays, the problems of climate change and environmental health are more urgent than ever. These issues are closely connected and intertwined, and unfortunately, each one of them may imply the other. The role of a community nurse is to address the issues accordingly and be aware of their possible impact on the public. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues at hand and the possible courses of action. Climate Change The number of illnesses happening due to the increase of the heat level is growing fast. Such rapid changes in the temperature have never happened before, which means that this phenomenon will influence air and water quality, food production, multiple health issues (American Public Health Association [APHA], 2016). In the light of this event, APHA (2016) developed “a strategic plan for addressing climate change, including its long-term vision for this work, goals (for the intermediate time frame)” (para. 3). The role of a community nurse is to lead and support this movement as a critical factor of environmental health. Environmental Health People often misunderstand the concept of environmental health. The majority of Americans are sure that their health depends on their diet, levels of physical activity, and their lifestyle (FrameWorks Institute, 2014). However, the influence that the environment has on the health of each individual is underestimated. Environmental health is a confluence of ecological factors, typical for a specific area that has a direct impact on the health of each individual (FrameWorks Institute, 2014). Climate change, weather conditions, toxic wastes are only the tip of the iceberg, and environmental factors have to be taken into account when managing and preventing diseases. A role of a community nurse is to educate people on the possible adverse effect of the environment they live in and help to prevent further environmental externalities. The community has to be conscious that every individual choice has an impact on the environment and, consequently, on the health of each person. Conclusion In summary, climate change is a part of environmental health, which is a pressing problem at present. It influences every human being, and the role of a public health nurse is to attract the community’s attention to the importance of individual choices and actively encourage environmental practices. Better education on the topic will go a long way to improve the environmental conditions and develop an understanding of the situation in general.