ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages throughout the world. It is relatively cheap; it can boost one’s energy levels and increase serotonin levels. For people who desire to open a coffee shop, this beverage is not only a drink but a passion. However, in modern times, when there are Starbucks and other popular shops, getting a solid clientele for someone new can be challenging. Therefore, this essay will discuss the possible differentiation strategies for my coffee shop in monopolistic competition conditions. First, the most obvious way to differentiate my coffee shop from the rest is to create exclusive products to sell. One is encouraged to find unusual tastes and particularly blend them to stand out. Exciting options are the main reason clients will return to one’s coffee shop. The same can apply to the food choices; they need to be exclusive to attract consumers into one’s specific coffee shop. For example, while Starbucks or other shops sell blueberry muffins or croissants, one should try to sell vegan-friendly breakfast sandwiches of local production with great taste and a singular appearance. Instead of selling tons of chocolate-flavored additions to the coffee, an individual shop should try to incorporate seasonal dishes such as a pumpkin spice coffee cake. However, the flavors are hard to choose from, thus, it is essential to involve other people in the process. For example, by asking customers about their needs, one would be more distinct from the other coffee shops, which tend to add new extensions to the menu without asking what their clientele thinks (Kim & Lee, 2017). Once the customer and their opinion are valued, one can assure that their coffee shop will gain more popularity. Furthermore, once the menu is created and is as distinct as possible with the finest quality, it is time to provide an exciting addition to the shop. For example, the coffee shop needs to have its own aesthetic. It has to be unique but not too insane and cozy for the customers. The décor should arrange a place to take pictures, work as a freelancer, and maybe some distinct additions to fit in the aesthetic and present something special that aligns with the customer’s interests. While live music could be too expensive for a starting business, the inclusion can be more straightforward, such as board games for the customers to enjoy or a take one/leave one bookshelf to encourage reading. The small extension can work wonders in business because the customers are more likely to share their unique experiences on their social media or tell their friends about the place, which will boost the company’s success. To conclude, there are various ways to make one’s business uncommon, even when the competition is overwhelming. It would be wiser to become more distinct from the rest of the coffee shops and create exclusive blends of coffee, new tasty additions to the drinks. It is equally fundamental to add a creative, aesthetical décor with a little extra to the coffee shop to attract newcomers and make loyal customers happy. For the people who desire to open a coffee shop, coffee is something th
Differences in Political Economies Honduras, Chile and Mexico’s economies and political environments contrast sharply. At the outset, Mexico was ranked 50 th in terms of economic freedom in early 2013. This reflected substantial improvements in terms of wooing foreign direct investors. It also demonstrates the government’s intention of expanding trade and monetary freedoms. Mexican economy showed some resilience especially at the height of 2008-09 global economic crises. According to Baer & Miles (2013), Mexico’s political leaders have initiated reforms targeting microeconomic environment of the country. This is in addition to instituting measures aimed at enhancing investments, open markets and a proactive private sector. Although the country has experienced considerable improvements in regulatory frameworks, amendments in the reforms have undermined the benefits of such bills as The Labor Reform Bill of 2012 (Baer & Miles, 2013). Despite a promising economic future, Mexico has shown complacency in promoting the rule of law and other judicial structures. As such, the country’s judicial and legal frameworks are weak and suffer from manipulation and interference from political leaders (Hill, 2007). Notwithstanding the abovementioned challenges, Mexico has a population of about 114 million and a GDP of $1.7 trillion according to World Bank report of 2012 (Baer & Miles, 2013). As such, Mexico has a substantial market for our firm’s new products. Second, Chile has an impressive political economy. Farole & Akinci (2011) assert that the country ranked seventh across the world in terms of economic freedom. In fact, Chile is the freest economy in Latin America. The rationale is that the current political regime has supported the rule of law. This has made judicial and legal frameworks efficient and autonomous. Despite its modest GDP ($299.6 billion), the country has expressed an intention of liberalizing its market in order to lure foreign direct investors (Farole & Akinci, 2011). Besides, Chile has continued to play a proactive role in Trans-Pacific Partnership agreements as an illustration of commitment to liberalizing Chilean economy. The country’s tax regime is flexible considering the fact that income tax constitutes approximately 40% of aggregate tax. Value added tax and corporate taxes have remained relatively low. This is in lieu of the fact that overall tax burden of the country is approximately 18% (Baer & Miles, 2013). In addition, the government has been in a position to keep public debt below 10% level. Despite impressive attributes of the Chilean economy, the country adopts capital-intensive production system in the sense that its population stand at 18 million. In addition, over 50% of the GDP is attributable to exportation of natural resources. It is important to mention that Chile is the world’s largest producer of copper. Honduras’ political economy is different from Chilean and Mexican economies. According to economic freedom survey, Hon
Benzene exposure Benzene is a toxic substance if consumed above the recommended minimum levels. The company understands all the regulations that are intended to keep the environment clean and non-toxic to human beings and other animals. The decision by the company to release benzene into the local water resources used for domestic purposes is a real issue of concern. Professionally, the company will not break any laws by releasing the toxins into water resources. The concentration of the toxic substances will be far much below the recommended levels. This implies that if the toxins are released into water, no harmful effects are anticipated (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins, 2009). Apart from releasing wastes into water, measures will be put in place that will ensure that the concentration of the toxin in water is significantly reduced to lower levels. If the company will implement this measure, then it will demonstrate its concern of ensuring that drinking water is not harmful to both human beings and animals (Harris, Pritchard & Rabins, 2009). However, as much as the company knows that the current toxic concentrations are harmless, the underlying policy is to supply people with water that is non-toxic. The inclusion of benzene in water (even with mild concentration level) will still register some percentage toxicity. If the company plans to put up the machinery that can help to detoxify water, why should it then add the toxic benzene to water? Hence, the company should avoid using benzene. Alternatively, the company
The doctrine of sin has proved to be a very vexing issue in the Christian Church. This is normally the case when it comes to the role and position of women in running the church. Women are seen as the originators of sin; hence, they are not given the respect they deserve in the leadership of the church. This is based on the reasoning that Eve succumbed to temptations that led to the first sin which affects all of us. The labeling of women as originators of sin is problematic because it is based on escapism and fails to put into consideration that we are all sinners. Therefore, the reasoning does not resonate with the biblical view of sin. With the increasing push for active roles of women in the church, there is a need for changes that will ensure inclusivity. In examining the doctrine of sin and salvation, Jones pointed out that there has always been a sense of fragility and fragmentation because the doctrine presents women as evil and shameful. 1 Therefore, instead of being antagonistic to the needs of women, it is important for the church to reflect on sin based on the doctrine of justification and sanctification in order to understand the best ways to accommodate all the people who feel oppressed. In summary, the position of women in the church needs to be reviewed. According to Jones, the roles of women should be based on the understanding that all people are equal before God as provided by the doctrine of justification and sanctification. 2 Feminist Theory and Christian Theology Feminist theory stipulates that women undergo different forms of oppression in the church, but due to the traditional view of sin, they are rendered helpless and are made to suffer psychologically. 3 The main argument by Jones is that the revelation of God in scriptures is presented in the human language, and has cultural connotations that sideline women from core operations of the church. For instance, the scriptures and the theology express various issues that define Christianity, such as salvation in images and language that enhance patriarchal and sexist society. 4 Thus, based on Christian theology, the doctrine of sin is not expressed in its truth as God desired, but presented in hermeneutical and historical basis that is dictated by social forces. To sum up the argument, societal forces harm women in different ways. Therefore, various types of oppression in the places of work, home, and the church should be included in the oppression theories. It is through such measures that the important roles of women can be realized and their relationship with God can be redefined not based on the patriarchal thought. An inclusive church that is not oppressive to women should be rife to changes in the society; it should not be based on traditions that consider women as the cause of human suffering through Eve’s sin. The traditions of the church are creations of individuals and are structured based on cultural views of the society. Jones states, “feminist theorists insist that although larg
Introduction When they call you a Terrorist is a memoir written by Asha Bandele and Patrisse Cullors. Patrisse describes her experiences as a black queer woman brought up in a poverty-stricken neighborhood in Los Angeles by a single mother. She narrates her experience with police brutality and her father’s struggles with addiction, the social and political conditions that encourage drug abuse, and the justice system. These everyday struggles have molded her into an epitome of hope and inspiration for not only blacks living in the US, but throughout the world. This book is a memoir not only of one of the most controversial civil movements in the history of the US, and the circumstances that resulted in its creation but also of Cullors as a person and an activist. This memoir is a symbol of survival, strength, and resilience of people who want to see real change happen in the world and have people treated fairly and equally regardless of their skin color. This paper reviews and critiques the main arguments in this work of art, in addition to connecting them to information from classwork. Review The book by Asha Bandele and Patrisse is subtitled “A Black Lives Matter Memoir” but this is not brought out until in the last quarter of the book. Instead, the better part of the book is dedicated to narrating the everyday struggles of Patrisse both as a child and a teenager. The things she went through put her through shame and sadness that forced her to retreat into a more private world filled with pain, loneliness, and confusion. Throughout her narrations, the reader can detect a sense of longing from Patrisse for the kind of secure relationships that her privileged white classmates took for granted. Through her stories, she brings out themes of mass incarceration, police presence in places meant to be safe such as schools and neighborhoods, intersectionality, sexuality, access to mental health support, childhood, love and hope, transformative justice, and personal and collective responsibility. Her personal history and narrative of growth are assembled to bring forth the birth, purpose, and success of Black Lives Matter in the cry for racial justice. Through the narration of her different dimensions of life, a central intimate argument emerges. It is that of a black woman striving to make something of herself and others who are equally marginalized beyond themselves through building political power. From a young age, Patrisse recognized that women received little to no grace in the world ruled by men. Not even being on a spiritual journey gave her the hope, mentorship, guidance, and liberation she needed. Her mother was ashamed and scared by her religion for having her, and the bible upheld the story of anti-women. She made an intentional conscious decision to change to her true self, not only for her sanity and happiness but for the rest of the girls around her. She says, “I am changing, my whole life is chan
Introduction Corporate governance is a mechanism for reassuring the suppliers of capital that their investments in the firm will not be stolen. Rerolle 2001, states that good corporate governance is a necessary, though not a sufficient condition for secure investment. These are just two, quite different, determinations of corporate governance concept. Although corporate governance can be defined in a variety of ways, generally it involves the mechanisms by which a business enterprise, organized in a limited liability corporate form, is directed and controlled. It usually concerns mechanisms, which holds corporate managers accountable to investors for the use of asset and corporate performance. Further, corporate governance aims to align the actions of the individual parts of an organization toward aggregate mutual benefit. It specifies the relationships between and the distribution of rights and responsibilities among, the main groups of stakeholders – the board of directors, the managers, the shareholders or owners, the workers, the regulators, the customers, the community(Kodrzycki1994). Reasons why it is an area of interest The reasons that have made corporate governance an important issue nowadays is because of the need to align most of developing countries corporate companies to meet the standards of the developed countries such as England or US. This will include ensuring that large companies are not state controlled as it is with many developing countries. This move will facilitate greatly the privatisation of all the major companies for effective management and accountability that lacks as a result of their control by the state. In many developing countries the institutional investors are supposed to play a significant role in the process of corporate governance but are not the case in many of these counties. For example, their participation in South Africa companies, apart from the Pension and Share fund, are not significant. However, in institutional investors and banks play an important role in corporate governance in the developed countries as they participates in a great deal in corporate financing and delegating their officers in companies’ managing and supervisory boards. (Kodrzycki1994). Good corporate governance takes into account all participants in the corporation (stakeholders) to the greatest extent. In this sense, corporate governance means management, power, duty and impact, accountability and supervision. With respect to the above ideas, the following question seems logical: do shareholders use their property efficiently, in what manner, and do they control the management who acts, or who should act, only in the interest of the owners of capital? Such a question is particularly significant if we agree what is, in my opinion, the acceptable statement that the reasons for the insufficient recovery of some enterprises and overall economies mostly lie in that management has failed to perform their job. Properly and, thus, th
Teaching special procedural skills like Nasogastric (NG) tube insertion through a lecture/discussion model with practical session is expected to groom advanced providers in intubation. Any health care provider authorized to perform the skill of nasogastric tube insertion will be fully trained in intubation procedure after undergoing this training program, and can groom others as well. Teaching Objective “Clinical education is a term denoting the practice of assisting a student to acquire the required knowledge, skills and attitude in practice settings” and “the traditional model and likely the most common technique for procedural instruction is the “see one, do one, teach one” method.” (Rose & Best, 2005. p.3; & Saem medical student educators handbook, (n.d), p.3). It implies that the supervising tutor demonstrates the procedure using proper technique, which is followed and performed by the student under supervision, and finally the student takes on the role of teacher for the next learner. The objective of this teaching module is training nasogastric (NG) tube insertion through a lecture/discussion model with practical session. Student emergency medical technicians (EMT) certified to perform endotracheal intubation are enrolled in this teaching plan of pre-hospital nasogastric tube insertion. A lecture/discussion model with practical skill session, open question and answer session, and testing of the teaching outcome using a manikin is narrated here. The teaching intention is that on completion of the intubation training program the providers are able to understand the indications and contraindications of placing a NG tube, describe procedure of placing it, and demonstrate their skill using an intubation manikin. An introduction to nasogastric tube “A nasogastric tube is a thin, pliable plastic tube that can be inserted into a client’s nose and advanced into the stomach.” Nasogastric intubation is ordered when there is “gastric decompression, gastric lavage, or gastric feeding” (Craven & Himle, 2006, p.1139). Gastric decompression is indicated for a bowel obstruction, and when surgery is performed on the stomach or intestine. Gastric lavage means irrigation of the stomach for swift removal of accidental poisoning or drug overdose. Nasogastric tube insertion helps access stomach, and enables to “drain gastric contents, decompress the stomach, obtain a specimen of the gastric content, or introduce a passage into the GI tract” (Nasogastric tube insertion, removing). Most common types of enteral feeding tubes are wide bore gastric tube like ‘Salem Sump’ tube, fine bore gastric tubes, fine bore jejunal feeding tube, double lumen tubes, and gastrostomy tubes. Contra indications and complications “Nasogastric tubes are contraindicated in patients with a fractured base of skull because of the risk of intracranial penetration.” (Types of enteral feeding tubes: Wid
Ethos When talking about UFOs, Dr. Neil deGrasse makes use of the ethos rhetorical appeal. In his argument, he highlights his personal experiences in matters of cosmology and science. Dr. Neil deGrasse states that he spent some years as an astronomer who studied the skies frequently. He also talks about interesting features that he has seen, such as the orographic clouds that form above huge mountains. Dr. Neil explains how the layperson might mistake such features for UFOs. By giving these personal experiences, he shows familiarity with the topic of UFOs and his credibility is therefore established. Dr. Neil deGrasse makes references to his academic qualifications that are related to the topic of cosmology. He mentions that he has an academic background in meteorology and astronomy. By making this statement, Dr. Neil deGrasse implies that he has specialized knowledge that can be applied to the subject of UFOs. In addition to this, he talks about the community of amateur astronomers and how they use their knowledge and skills to observe the skies. He indicates that he was once a part of this group, therefore establishing his authority on the topic of astronomy. In the discussion, Neil deGrasse makes reference to his character as a scientist. This is done by talking in a casual manner about scientists, thereby demonstrating his familiarity with how they operate. He illustrates how scientists use evidence to prove things. The audience can tell from this that Dr. Neil deGrasse is a scientist, and his credibility is increased. He makes a number of references to his lab and from this; the audience can infer that has over the years engaged in some scientific works. As such, without having to state exactly what kinds of scientific works he has carried out, Dr. Neil deGrasse is able to present himself as an authority in Science. From the onset, Neil deGrasse uses evidence provided by authorities on other disciplines that can be used to explain the UFO sightings phenomenon. He provides the opinion offered by psychologists to illustrate how the human mind operates. This reliance on other authorities increases the strength of his arguments. By referencing authoritative sources, his credibility is inc
Introduction Money evasion or laundering is the endeavor to cover or mask the nature, area, source, proprietorship, or control of illicitly acquired cash. By implication, money laundering or tax evasion is illegal. This definition covers an extensive variety of movement. To prevent money launders and agents, most countries enacted the anti-money laundering acts with the goal of tracking and prosecuting offenders. The compliance guide for business and personal transactions provides documentation that might be utilized to indict cash launderers, thus, the legislature requires organizations to document particular reports and keep up records on certain money exchanges. Thus, anti-money laundering compliance prevents criminal activities that rely on the placement, layering, and integration to evade detection. The initial arrangement that transfers money from a legitimate transaction to illegal activity is called placement. However, the systematic framework designed to evade the anti-money laundering program is called layering. Finally, these activities are recycled to a legitimate transaction, which is called integration. Thus, money laundering laws are established and enforced on individuals, banks, money exchanges institutions, remittance houses, and credit institutions. This paper will discuss anti-money laundering compliance procedures as applicable in Dubai. Consequently, it also will summarize the Hawala system in Dubai and its compliance with anti-money laundering laws. We will begin this analysis on the framework for anti-money laundering compliance. By implication, the anti-money laundering laws prevent customers and business investment from illegal transactions. Thus, the compliance mechanism enforces record-keeping and customer profiling to prevent money evasion. The anti-money laundering compliance program must adopt four concepts.  1. Recommend written guidelines and policies  2. Create and enforce compliance officers or Interpol to monitor customers  3. Create awareness and train compliance enforcement agents on crime trends and organizations.  4. Conduct periodic reviews of compliance policies and outdated programs in accordance with global practice. Please note that creating the compliance program includes license requirements, customer profiling, transa