ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The nature or purpose of the research The article under consideration is entitled “Nurturing Opportunities for Educational Leadership: How Affordance and Leadership Interconnect.” The article is based on the assumption that educational leaders can change the environment they work in as opposed to passively reacting to it. Consequently, the purpose of this article is to assess the leadership styles that educators can use to make their organizations sustainable. The author actively operates with the term “affordance” as per the Gibson model, which is understood as an intuitive notion of an object and the means of using it; an affordance allows to estimate which particular characteristics of an object determine the modes of using it. Concerning leadership, affordance is the leaders’ understanding of their capabilities and the features of their organizations on the intuitive level and using this understanding for making the organizations sustainable. The research, therefore, is aimed at establishing what is the nature and the sources of the affordance attracting educators to lead and how the variety of leadership theories can be applied to practice. Method of the research The data collection and analysis are conducted qualitatively (Margolin, 2013, p. 81). A six-stage analysis includes assessing reports from the participant groups and developing common concepts, generating an idea of affordance that can be attributed to all groups, correlating the idea and distributed leadership theory, main theme analysis that determined similarities and differences, and interpretation of patterns for each theme. The variables of the research The researcher did not enlist the variables openly. On the other hand, one can estimate that the diversity of the leaders’ reported conceptions of leadership theories and their correlations with daily pr
Introduction The Bolsheviks Revolution in Russia in 1917 introduced the concept of communism to the world. Ever since that incident, the American government and the public at large have been hounded by the fear that this movement might take over the country one day. The nation as a whole must have been relieved after the breakdown of the Soviet Union and the unification of East and West Germany. During the period between the Russian Revolution and the fall of communism, two incidents stand out as instances of gross civil rights violations (by the government and public) in their fight against socialism and communism. They are the Red Scare and the era of McCarthyism. This paper is an attempt at comparing the two eras of anti-communist activity in the country. Red Scare This incident happened in 1919 soon after the Bolshevik Revolution occurred. This was prompted by a series of incidents that took place in the country during that time. One was the dockyard strike of 35,000 workers in the Seattle port in 1919. A nationwide strike of steelworkers also happened that year. Soon strikes were considered to be a crime against the people of the country. In the same year, the Boston Police Force also went on strike. Several plots to bomb or kill places and persons were also uncovered. All these incidents were attributed to the work of communists and other socialistic forces. Hysteria gripped the country. “The Justice Department, under Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, started the General Intelligence (or antiradical) Division of Bureau of Investigation on August 1, 1919, with J. Edgar Hoover as its head.” (Burnett). Many innocent victims were considered to be communists and their careers were ruined. McCarthyism This happened much later (1940) on the initiative of Senator McCarthy (from Wisconsin) stated that he had a list of confirmed past and present communists. “While the House Un-American Activities Committee had been formed in 1938 as an anti-Communist organ, McCarthy’s accusations heightened the political tensions of the times.” (Joseph and Miller). Like the Red Scare period, many innocent victims were imprisoned and many lost their careers because of this. Comparison The reason for both the incidents was the paranoia that communism will take root in the United States and eventually take over the country. This was justified to a certain extent because of stories of injustice shown in the name of communism in communist countries like the USSR and China. Another similarity was that many innocent people were victimized by accusations of unpatriotic activ
Domestic violence is a problem that is prevalent in the American society and latest statistics show that it is running out of control. Therefore effort must be made to stem the spread of this vice which has now been declared a criminal offence. While statistics explain the extent to which this social vice has been ingrained in the society, the social vice is having a number of effects. It problem has been declared as a criminal offence as well as a social and health issue. It affects men, women as well as children in equal measure. Women and children however are the largest number of victims of domestic violence in America (Hayward, Steiner and Sproule para 1). The offence includes the physical attacks, psychological torture, economic manipulation as well as sexual abuse and harassment. These abuses have both short term and long term effects and leaves the victim in a poor emotional, social and even economic state (para 2). Furthermore those victims abused by an intimate partner tend to have more emotional, mental and physical consequences than those who that are victims of attacks from strangers. There have been attempts to record statistic on the occurrence of this crime by state. In Idaho alone, it has been reported that about 6177 domestic violence incidences occurred in the year 2009. This is a worrying statistics and shows that at least 17 cases happen every 24 hours (Laird para 1). As such, the family, which is the basic unit that forms the society, is bearing the brunt of this social vice. Therefore there is need to intensify the fight against domestic violence. Several programs have been put in place to stop the vice. This includes jail terms for offenders, legal fines, restrictions and incarceration. Other programs include behavioral and attitudinal modification for the offenders (Hayward Steiner and Sproule para 4). However this seems not to be enough. More partners such as corporate organization need to be engaged in activities that involve the sensitization of the society at the family level. Therefore Walmart has organized a sensitization program in Pocatello, Idaho. Solution Having realized the need to involve the family unit in dealing with this vice, Walmart has organized a sensitization program that will involve the education of whole family to increase awareness on the issue. Walmart will team up with like minded companies and corporate organizations, in the organization of the event that has been dabbed “ Walmart Stands Up Against Domestic Violence.” Th
Introduction Nations across the world repeatedly encounter emergency situations that push the safety systems to the limits and require immediate and effective action to save human lives with possible retention of vitally important resources. Being of different levels of severity and threat to human lives and safety, both natural disasters and man-induced catastrophes cause significant damage. It is crucial for national security systems and disaster management agencies to have effective contingency and emergency response plans that would minimize harm and losses at a crucial moment. The best way to generate and promote effective disaster response is through analysis and improvement planning. In this paper, the disaster incident of wildfires in California in 2021 will be reviewed to assess the effectiveness of response and communication strategies to generate possible recommendations for better action in the future. The wildfire seasons occur regularly in the USA and adversely impact numerous states across the country, California being one of the most vulnerable regions. Given the threatening pace of climate change across the globe, with average temperatures rising and droughts increasing, the risks of wildfires enhance worldwide. Therefore, it is imperative to review and assess emergency response to wildfires to address it from the perspectives of Qatar’s emergency response systems. Aim and Objectives of the Document The aim of the current document is twofold and is influenced by the need for continuous improvement of communication strategies in times of crises and emergencies to ensure public safety. In particular, the first aim of the paper is to review the instance of the wildfire disaster in 2021 as a threatening emergency. Secondly, the paper is designed to generate particular communication strategies and emergency response recommendations to minimize harm and losses for societies, including Qatar, facing similar hazards under the growing impact of climate change. To pursue the general aims of the document, several specific objectives are pursued. Namely, it is necessary to assess the quality of governmental and emergency departments’ response to the disaster.
Background Hollywood Cemetery is a privately owned one and was founded in 1847. It was designed in a different away from the common style of cemeteries then. The Hollywood cemetery started operating officially in 1849. The cemetery was created to match rural cemeteries which were popular during that period. The place was designed to serve several purposes including burial and recreation. The cemetery gained a lot of prestige when the former President, James Monroe, was buried in the cemetery. Nowadays, Hollywood cemetery is an active cemetery which is visited regularly by tourists; it is considered a home to carefree outings and the local people who pay visits to the ancestral heritage and the grave sites. The skillful planning, blessings of nature and proper maintenance make the cemetery very beautiful. The place is at the heart of the Virginia people due to the burial of 18, 000 soldiers from all the southern states who were victims of the civil war, hence, solidifying its importance among the Virginians. Consequently, the Confederates who had been exhumed from their resting place in Gettysburg were buried in the Hollywood Cemetery, and this is how it acquired the name Gettysburg hill later. The place is an active cemetery and a tourist attraction center (Hollywood Cemetery 1). Prominent Personalities buried in Hollywood Cemetery The most prominent person to be buried in Hollywood is James Munroe. He is considered to be an esteemed individual since he was the only person in American history who held several offices. He also served as a governor of Virginia before becoming the president of the USA. What made Monroe popular was the Monroe doctrine which shaped the history of the western hemisphere. His strong opposition to slavery made him be viewed as one of the powerful leaders in the USA. His great legacy left a permanent mark in the history of the USA. He made a place of heritage for most of the Americans out of the Hollywood Cemetery (Hollywood Cemetery 1). The heritage of the Hollywood Cemetery and its importance in American history are flourishing because, besides Monroe, several other prominent people were buried there. These people are the tenth President of the USA, John Tyler, who was considered a hero in Hollywood due to his stand on various issues, such as his opposition to secession, advocating for the limitedness of federal power and the fact that he brought Florida and Texas into the Union. He died during the public service as a member of the Confederate Congress. Hollywood Cemetery is home to various individuals, dynasties, prominent artists and American autocrats (Hollywood Cemete
Teachers at all stages of learning can use role-playing activities and games to teach their students a wide array of social skills in accordance with Erikson’s theory. In a role-playing activity, the teacher can formulate a scenario that requires one group of students to act out a certain situation. On the other hand, another group can come up with viable solutions to resolve the scenario. In a role-playing scenario, students will have the chance to acquire both organizational and brainstorming skills. Furthermore, teachers can use role-playing games in children to impart social skills and conventions among children. For instance, through role-playing games, children can understand social conventions such as greetings, the value of thanking others, being polite, different forms of handshakes, appropriate hugs, and using titles such as sir or madam when addressing their seniors. Role-play games can also be used to teach students various forms of safety skills and protocols. For instance, a teacher can use certain role-playing games to teach children how to handle and react to emergency scenarios such as fires. Role-playing games can also teach students how to guarantee their safety by making emergency calls, completing fire drill procedures, and shouting for help. For example, teachers can use the fire station activity to provide the students with new perspectives on the environment, fire fighting, and humanitarian institutions. The fire activity requires model fire trucks, police cars, and garden hoses to serve as fire hoses.
In recent years, the proliferation of lifestyle diseases coupled with the underlying need to stay healthy has made many populations worldwide to become increasingly aware of the need for physical fitness. Popular media and other advertising channels bombard us everyday with messages on how to guard and improve our health conditions. Although much of this information is commercially motivated by marketers keen to sell vitamin supplements and other ‘health’ products, some of it, in particular that campaigning for a routine exercise regimen, merits serious consideration. Such a regimen, if done routinely and with passion, can provide numerous benefits to individuals. In essence, routine physical exercise is beneficial to individuals since it assists them discharge tension, improve physical appearance, and enhance stamina. The first of these advantages, the discharge of tension, is in actual terms felt immediately after taking part in a workout. Current literature demonstrates that tension builds in our bodies’ overtime, in part, due to an over-accumulation of adrenaline mostly generated by stress, job strain, anxiety or fear. Indeed, medical professionals are in agreement that participating in physical exercise or sporting events for at least thirty minutes or so actively vent off the tension accumulated in our bodies. If an individual actively engage in playing volleyball or tennis for half an hour each day, he or she should be able to sleep comfortably at night and have a better disposition the next day primarily because sleep is vital for cell rejuvenation and growth. In addition, unwarranted irritations and frustrations with everyday tasks and responsibilities should be less upsetting if one engages in physical exercise. For example, a manager affected by work-related distress may rush home, argue with his family and engage in other antisocial activities such as smoking and alcohol consumption to release stress. Taking about an hour or so to vent off the stress through physical exercise could inarguably assist the manager to avoid such antisocial behaviour. In this perspective, routine exercise can to a large extent control tension. An improved physical form, which is the second benefit of routine exercise, takes some time to display, but it certainly comes if one is resilient enough to be able to strictly follow the exercise regimen. Physical exercise experts are of the opinion that individuals must at least train for a month or so before they can start reaping the benefits of improved appearance in the form of a trimmer and firmer shape. An individual who is overweight by five pounds, for example, may enrol in an exercise program that will see him or her burn away the excess
Introduction Well established modern organizations are certainly complex social entities made up of people working together to achieve set goals. They are intentionally managed social entities with relatively recognized and identifiable boundaries, which run on a regular basis in order to reach a common end or set of goals. In fact, organizations are essentially an embodiment of purpose and a sense of direction in the society because, through them, people satisfy their basic and secondary needs. The complexity and sophistication of modern organizations have compelled scholars to put forward theories that help learners and practicing managers to understand them. This report analyzes the Apple Incorporation using three main perspectives of organizational analysis including the modernist view, symbolic-interpretive, and postmodernism. Modernist view As aforementioned, modern organizations are complicated in virtually all of their aspects. Coincidentally, they also operate in complex environments that require concrete knowledge and understanding on the part of management and employees (Hatch 2006, p.11). The complex, uncertain, and contradictory circumstances within which organizations function require managers and employees to be more competent, civilized, and ethical. Sufficient organizational knowledge is necessary in dealing with unavoidable foreseen and unforeseen problems and challenges, which can be an impediment to an organization’s current and future success. Apple Inc. is an international corporation, of American origin, that makes and markets personal computers, consumer electronics, and computer software (Sander & Slatter 2009, p. 81). By October 2010, Apple was operating “three hundred and seventeen retail stores in ten countries and an online shop where software and hardware are sold” (Sander & Slatter 2009, p. 81). Today, Apple stands out as one of the biggest companies globally based on market capitalization and the most valuable ICT Company in the world, in front of Microsoft. Apple is well known for its hardware products including the “Macintosh computers, the iPhone, the iPod, and the iPad” (Sander & Slatter 2009, p. 81). Examples of Apple software products include “the Mac OS X operating system, Aperture, a mobile operating system, iTunes media browser, and professional photography package among many others” (Sander & Slatter 2009, p. 81). Despite the fact that, Apple is one of the most admired companies in the US and across the world, it has received extensive criticism for its business practices, contactors’ labor, and environmental practices. Environmental Issues Modernist view of organizations is founded on the idea that,
It is common knowledge that people all over the world have different lifestyles, diverse beliefs, and each of them looking or hearing something views the thing in the way typical only to him/her. Human behavior and especially studies of the origins and development of human society has always been a subject of sociology. The examination of the individuals influenced by groups is the study of sociology whereas its main goal is to understand human behavior in the context of society and, after succeeding in this, trying to generalize and predict human behavior. Everybody knows that our society consists of people who can be named social actors as each of them plays his role in this life and each is an important link in the chain called society. Like every actor, the social one cannot function only by himself as he needs somebody else to make the performance complete. No doubt that other actors influence him greatly and sometimes he even does what he would have never done if he were alone. The members of a society have a certain impact on each other and under the effect of a great quantity the individuals change all the time reviewing their ideas and beliefs and comparing them with those of other people helping each other and sometimes doing harm by this helping just like on a stage when one actor forgets his cue and somebody prompts him without being sure that he is right which causes misunderstandings sometimes. This little theatre playing an endless performance never remains without an audience and in our case, this audience is sociology which observes, analyzes, and predicts the actions of this or that social actor. This is why studying sociology can be important for several reasons. First of all, sociology prepares you for a lifetime of change. Knowing more about people and studying their behavior all the time keeping your knowledge up-to-date you will always be able to predict misunderstandings and different problems which may arise on the way to reaching your goal. As it is known, the one who knows more than the others will never be defeated. Secondly, sociology helps us get a more objective view of the society we live in. It’s not a secret that ignorance of the law does not exempt you from responsibility as well as knowing more about the society you live in gives you an extra idea of what is fair or unfair towards people. Thus you will be able to view people’s behavior objectively rather than under the influence of your emotions. And, finally, studying sociology gives you a great chance to get the job you deserve. Today’s people are career-oriented and a degree in sociology will be of great relevance for you in the future as it opens you wide horizons and promises you a job in the educational or governmental spheres which is very honorable and implies the most effective path to your career progress. It seems that studyi
Volkswagen Company has been using various strategies to expand globally. These strategies include taking opportunity of other companies’ or competitor’s weakness to expand its market share. Despite having its product quality issues, Volkswagen Company in the United States has utilized Toyota’s negative headlines after a series of embarrassing recalls to increase its sales. Due to this back slide by Toyota Company Volkswagen Company ceased the opportunity and put a target of emerging biggest automobile by 2018. Volkswagen Company has expanded globally through purchasing various motor vehicles companies in the world. It bought 20 percent stake in Suzuki motor to cover up the emerging market opportunities in India and Southeast Asia. Its current plans include securing stake in BMW, Audi, and SEAT from Spain, Skoda from the Czech Republic and Mercedes in the next three years. Also, it intends to steal customer from Toyota, Honda, Ford, and other companies selling vehicles in American by introducing new styles at affordable prices. Improving its reputation by making reliable and under priced vehicle than Subaru and Kia is one of its strategies. Volkswagen Company is pushing hard to make its vehicle brands known in Toyota’s strongholds such as south East Asia. Rewarding employees for speaking their minds and rising new ideas is also another strategy used by the company to expand globally. The latter includes board brainstorming ways to become the world’s biggest automobile makers. Building Volkswagen Company plants in various countries in order to tap those customers opposed to idea of importing cars is another strategy used by Volkswagen Company to expand globally. There are various specific and general forces in the environment which affects the success of Volkswagen Company strategies. Environmental forces which are political, economic, technological, socio-cultural, and international influence the strategies of Volkswagen Company. Environmental forces determine the success of this company’s strategies. These forces vary among countries hence influencing the applicability of these strategies in those countries. Negative and unfavorable forces deter Volkswagen Company’s strategies success. Merging of opponent companies has created a strong pricing and market share competition against this company. Natural disaster and war are other environmental forces which negatively affect Volkswagen Company. Volkswagen Company