ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A disaster preparedness plan starts with an emergency preparedness kit that must necessarily include drinking water for each person, a supply of food for several days, a radio receiver for listening to information. Moreover, it is important to have a flashlight and extra batteries in case of a long stay in an emergency. Additionally, the kit should include a dust mask and a whistle that can be used as an alert or help signal. If it is not possible to turn off utilities, it is essential to put pliers and a can opener in order to open the food. When preparing for an emergency, there are many other factors that influence action. There is a paralyzed person in the family, so it is critical to have a stretcher in case you have to leave the house. If circumstances do not allow the use of a stretcher, special bandages are needed in order to carry a person on their back. Moreover, the package should include all first aid supplies such as bandages, painkillers, and wound dressings. In this case, help can be provided in the event of injuries of varying degrees. One family member has asthma, so several inhalers are prepared in the kit. If they break, then it is necessary to use baking soda during an attack of illness. 1 tablespoon of soda is added to 1 liter of water; the vapors need to be inhaled for 5-7 minutes. Such alkaline inhalations help clear the bronchi, remove phlegm and relieve inflammation when coughing. Additionally, it is necessary not to panic, as calmness is the boundary between life and death. With the loss of calmness and peace of mind, a person begins to commit rash acts that can lead to death (Aruru et al., 2021). The implementation of the plan should begin by checking the supply of water and food. Moreover, I need to make sure that all members of the family are intact. After that, I will turn on the radio and listen to messages from the rescue services. In the absence of communication, it is important to remain calm and give distress signals with a whistle. The success of the plan should be judged according to the level of calmness and readiness for different circumstances. Reference Aruru, M., Truong, H. A., & Clark, S. (2021). Pharmacy Emergency Preparedness and Response (PEPR): A proposed framework for expanding pharmacy professionals’ roles and contributions to emergency preparedness and response during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond . Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy , 17 (1), 1967-1977.
Pharmaceutical compounding is the general practice of combining different kinds of medicine or specific constituents of drugs, either following doctors’ specifications or for voluntary reasons. This is a practice that is very important in the pharmacy field, for it provides solutions to varying health complications. For example, the practice is very essential to individuals with certain medicinal allergic reactions or in cases where patients require specific doses, which must combine different drugs (Phillips 2010, Para. 1-2). Pharmaceutical compounding is a drug dispensing process that has existed since time memorial. That is, application of this drug dispensing technique backdates to the olden biblical days, when industry-manufactured drugs never existed. In the past, most individuals used natural herbs as the primary remedy to health complications hence, for such herbs to work as required, doctors had to combine a number of herbs to come up with the most appropriate drug. It is important to note that, although the drug dispensing process has undergone a transformation; with current industrially manufactured drugs filling chemists, the pharmaceutical compounding process still uses plant ingredients presently (Tom, 2004, p.1). Before the onset of modern chemistry, religion and pharmaceutical compounding were two concepts that had very close ties. However, with the birth of modern science the ever changing scientific innovations, the entire historical methods of preparing concoctions underwent a transformation, with individuals coming up with better ways of combining plant products. In addition to improving methods of combining plant products, scientific development led to discovery of more plant species with more medicinal significance. One of such discoveries, which were of great significance in the compounding process, was the discovery of the therapeutic significance of coal tar. The first people to use coal tar to manufacture medicinal products were German scientist, who used it to prepare synthetic dyes. From such dyes, these scientists prepared a sulfa product, which finds wide application in modern chemistry as a remedy to skin problems. It is important to note that, this discovery marked the onset of several scientific discoveries that were to follow later. Such discoveries included the discovery of petroleum jelly and fly larva as remedies to skin problems. Other innovations included discovery of quinine; a product of the Cinchona plant, as a remedy to malaria and opium; which had more than one functions in h
Historically social scientists and economic enthusiasts have researched the justification and rationale behind certain virtuous yet negligible acts. The research has extensively interrogated the area of donations and reasons for their preference. Every election year a citizen endures endless queues to exercise their vote even though it is apparent that their vote may have little or no impact on the electoral outcome (Green and Hojman. 2007, p70). A student recycles paper and plastic despite the fact that the impact of the action he takes makes a negligible impression on the status of the environment (Kalai, Rubinstein, and Spiegler 2002, pp 2481). Among social scientists, there is common ground that the rationale for these actions is that the actors anticipate a warm glow payoff derived from the initiative which they consider to be moral or virtuous. Feddersen and Sandroni (2009, p7) indigenize this position to support a voter model that subscribes to the reasoning that such a payoff explains the impact of groups of voters acting in consort. As such, the outcome of a vote for a particular candidate can be greatly influenced by such group consorts hence the relevance of the theory. Camerer et al (2005, p50) share a similar view in material respects and additionally acclaim its relevance in regional or sector-based constructs that act in consort to form a given opinion. Eliaz and Ok (2006, p56) proceed to experiment on the truth or otherwise of the ethical voter approach through laboratory experiments whose objective is to identify the relevance or otherwise of the warm glow theory in voter opinion a view that is shared by Ok, Ortoleva and Riella (2008, p87). There has been very limited interest in the effect or otherwise of the warm glow effect on the opinion and action of students. From early years as documented by Hungerman (2007, p12) alongside Gul and Pesendorfer (2005a p429) as reviewed by Manzini and Mariotti (2007b, p34) greater portion of research has focussed on the effects or otherwise of the theory on voters and opinion movers. Even more recently Crumpler and Grossman (2008, p1011) have formed the opinion that there is little need for ethical voter models in explaining laboratory-based experiments a view that was supported by Nunes and Schokkaert (2003, p231). The embodiment of the warm glow theory as generalized by the canonical model of altruism evaluates the conflict of forces for and against pubic good Dufwenberg and Kirchsteiger (2004, p268), admits that there has been no vivid empirical consensus on the ideal approach to this and related issues. In this research, we will attempt to interrogate the place that the warm glow theory has in the charitable initiatives of university students as suggested by Manzini and Mariotti
Exploring the factors that led to the further promotion of the Great Terror is a rather complicated task because of the necessity to distinguish between facts and myths. Seeing that a lot of information has been buried under the sands of time, it becomes especially difficult to evaluate the events that took place at the times of the Great Purge. Goldman, however, manages to grasp the essence of the problem by defining the events that served as the prerequisites to the further development of the terror regime. For instance, one must admit that the author did an excellent job at stressing the effects that the support of the public has had on the activation of the repression regime. Therefore, what makes Goldman’s book compelling is the addition of the social dimension to the overall analysis of the problem. By stressing the importance of mass psychology as the tool for gaining power within a state and creating a tool for consistent and rigid control over every aspect of people’s lives, Goldman encapsulates the very essence of Stalin’s policy. As a result, the foundation for a profound exploration of the subject matter is created. What makes Goldman’s argument especially compelling is the author’s ability to link the elements that might seem detached from each other to create a complete map of the situation and restore the chain of events that led to the enactment of the Great Terror regime. For instance, the emphasis that the author places on the Stakhanovism movement might seem somewhat odd at first. However, a closer look at the inspiration that the movement caused among the residents of the USSR, particularly the working class, allows for an accurate explanation of how mass repressions were introduced into the Soviet society without a massive
Introduction Learning institutions must identify substantive strategies to eradicate cyber bullying. Low school performances are associated to depression resulting from cyber bullying (Hunter 2012). It is necessary to note that the conscience of people work properly when there are no pressures exacted on their mind. However, a stressed mind causes low activity and results to low performances (McDavid & Hawthorn 2006). In order to perform well, students must remain within the learning process without distraction of the mind. Therefore, institutions must identify and establish strategies to assist in discouraging and eliminating cyber bullying in the learning institution. When working to achieve this objective, it is crucial to identify the resources required to make the process successful. I will, therefore, tabulate some of the vital resources and discuss their importance in this process. Table of Resources/Inputs Resources                            Role of the resource/input                                                      Statement forms                      To facilitate information transfer to the staff                                 Counseling Personnel                 To arm students against the problem                                             Bullying report system               To create efficient internet enhance report system                              Regulation implementation documents  To create awareness among the student about the schools stand on cyber bullying  Statement Forms This is an official document to indicate that a student was bullied through modern information technology. It keeps records and approves the bully if the student fails in his or her exams. It could be a form to enter the required information such as the student’s name, his/her age, and the suspected person among other details. The form should comprise of a student’s signature to prove that the student had recorded the information personally. Counseling Personnel Students should be guided about proper behaviors to facilitate low cases of cyber bullying in the institution (Trolley & Hanel 2010). They should be aware about the repercussions of failure to obey the school guidelines. When they are convinced that the action deteriorates the school and personal performances, they would change their actions against the biased practices. Therefore, we will require counselors to assist us with logistic approaches of mitigating the risk. The counselors will discourage cyber bullying utterly and ensure that a significant number of students change their attitudes on the problem. Bullying Report System Efficient strategies to culminate cyber bullying must cons
Audience Doctor Strange is a film that appeared on the screens this year and attracted enormous attention. It is based on a story of the superhero character that appears in Marvel Comics that is why its audience mainly includes those people who are fond of commixes and fantastic events. In addition to that, the main character is played by Benedict Cumberbatch, who has numerous fans due to his role in popular TV-series Sherlock . As a result, many people came to the cinema to see him. The film was screened during the whole say, but while booking a ticket, I noticed that the audience prefers to come in the evening. Teenagers and young adults gathered to meet a prominent neurosurgeon, Stephen Strange, who lost his ability to work after a car accident and entered the world of magic in his search for healing. Even though I went to the cinema when the film had already been screened for a while, it was crowded. As far as I noticed, all seats were occupied, which proves that many people waited for it. Critics and Finances Of course, it is impossible to appeal to everyone, but Doctor Strange managed to receive the dominant majority of positive comments. The reporter of The Guardian mentioned that this film appealed to the audience and critics due to the excellent work of its director and casting. She stated that it impressed the public with its sharp wit and is “the most brain-meltingly effective piece of psychedelic cinema since Peter Fonda got himself comprehensively wigged out in The Trip ” (Ide par. 1). Financial information supports such claim, as with the production budget of $165 million, the film has received more than $215 million in the USA and more than $635 million worldwide for one month (“Doctor Strange”). Marketing and Advertising Doctor Strange was advertised in different ways. At first, two posters and the first trailer appeared on the Internet approximately at the same time. They were followed by a special banner and a series of character posters. Then the second trailer appeared. The official website was also created. Much information was available on social media, and the cast would speak about the film on different shows. I saw several big posters in the cinema and also watched trailers as previews that are shown before other films that are already screened. There were several different posters in the lobby as well, so that it was impossible to miss it. Personal Impressions and Analysis Personally, I enjoyed the film because I like fantasy stories. My friends who came with me to the cinema were also positively impressed. This movie is a combination of several genres, such as action, adventure, fant
Implementation of the plan, collection of data, and dialogue According to Action Research Paradigm Protocol (ARPP), a person, who is responsible for the implementation of any plan, must objectively assess the progress and the results. One must make sure that a problem or issue is examined from different points of view and that a researcher can keep an open mind (LeBlanc n. d. p 3). The main problem that occurred during the stage of implementation was the necessity to collect and analyze quantitative data, and many employees of the HCZ had to be “involved in counting numbers rather than helping children. Moreover, many of managers were able to assess only their own programs, but they did not see the HCZ as a whole (Grossman & Curran, 2004, p 9). This is one of the reasons why Geoffrey Canada had to employ Betina Jean-Louis who could assess the Harlem Children’s Zone as a system. This person was able to evaluate the implementation of the plan from various standpoints and identify its possible shortcomings. The next step of ARPP is the collection and analysis of data. At this stage, the main question to answer is how the data are recorded, collected and analyzed. This organization used various methods of data collection, namely participant surveys, the study of demographic data; moreover, they relied on the information about students’ academic performance and their school attendance (Grossman & Curran, 2004, p 7). This information was stored in the agency-wide database. This approach enabled the management of the HCZ to better understand the functioning of this organization as a system and not as a set of separate programs. Finally, while analyzing this statistical information, the managers of the HCZ attempted to see the connections between the programs implemented by this organization and the welfare of children and teenagers. In this case, the term welfare or life improvement consists of several components such as class attendance, academic achievements, avoidance of drug use, self-discipline, and so forth (Grossman & Curran, 2004, p 25). Thus, there were two variables, improvement of teenager’s welfare and the policies of the HCZ. Another important part of ARPP is dialogue or discussion of the process and findings. A very important task of an administrator is to ensure that various stakeholders are able to voice their opinions and make recommendations. Overall, Geoffrey Canada was able to cope with this task. For instance, he held regular meetings with program directors and executive staff so that they openly express their ideas about the new stra
Introduction The United States of America is currently facing domestic problems ranging from social, economic to health care issues. Some of these problems can be related to the formulation of bad policies of governance by the federal government and the ignorance of the people of the United States of America and the overwhelming global recession and economic depression. The United States economic problems are our major issue of concern. Over the recent years, United States economy has indicated a gradual decline resulting to cases of job cuts; which is presently one of the major economic issues in the United States. Increased job cuts by corporations poses a major challenge of increased unemployment rates in the United States. The United States seems to be facing a major economic disaster from all major sectors that contribute to its economic development. There is no sustainable economic improvement in major sectors like housing, health services and small scale businesses. Major businesses and financial corporations are evaluating strategies to cut down operational and overhead costs in order to remain in business. The result of these is employee underpayment, stringent working conditions and increased job cuts. This results in increased cases of unemployment which amounts to increased crime rates. Many people can’t afford to sustain their lifestyles and thus they resort to unethical means of trying to make ends meet. The United States in the verge of being bankrupt. Some of the problems that driving the nation into bankruptcy include: a deteriorating education system, crime, drugs, declining productivity, declining economic growth, huge national debt, large trade deficit and many others. The economic structure of the United States can be viewed as comprising the a smaller number of rich and extremely rich at the top, a large number of poor people at the bottom and a powerless middle class in between. If immediate attention and preventive measures are not put in place, the United States will find itself in the trappings of the third world countries; characterized by an increased number of homeless people and beggars on the streets, increased crime rates and the drug epidemics are becoming extreme. Economic problems facing the United States are due to their spending habits, as a nation, the unites states tend to spend more than they
Introduction Life is regarded as a cycle that has distinct phases from when it starts to when it ends. The cycle starts from conception and leads all the way to the death of an individual. Each of these phases is characterized by emotional reactions and such other elements. Death is the culmination of an individual’s physical existence. It is the last stage of the cycle. A wide range of emotions are elicited by the death of a given person. The emotions are experienced by those left behind by the deceased given that the dead person has no feelings. The emotions range from an individual to the other depending on a number of factors. One such factor is the relationship that the person left behind had with the dead. If the relationship was close, the person left behind tends to get more emotional than if the relationship was not very close. The emotions also depend on the psychological make-up of the bereaved. Some individuals cope with the bereavement better than others. Freud (237) suggests that mourning is one of the emotional phenomena that the people experience upon the death of one of their loved ones. The current paper examines mourning from different perspectives presented through a number of case studies. Different scholars approach the issue of mourning differently depending on their academic and spiritual orientations. According to Bowlby (43), mourning is a phenomenon that is associated with a number of notions. In this essay, the author examines a number of the said notions. More specifically, the paper looks at the symptoms associated with trauma. The author analyzes whether trauma is a sign of incomplete mourning process or not. Further, the paper examines the mourning mechanism and seeks to distinguish it from melancholia. The author of this paper believes that mourning and melancholia are two different phenomena. Finally, the paper examines loss and absence in relation to mourning. It seeks to distinguish between