ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Culture is actually a term that is used to refer to a number of factors that people learn in order to make up the way of life in their communities. Such factors include beliefs, values, and norms. Identity on the other hand is about how individuals or groups see and define themselves. It is also about how other people see and define them. It is also formed in the socialization process. Identity is mostly influenced by families, the education systems, and the mass media. The youth adolescent is often faced with the challenge of choosing to follow the correct culture and not to follow the subcultures that will jeopardize his success. It is almost natural that most of the youth who experience this problem are found in an urban set up. Adolescent Problems in Urban Schools Recently, researchers and policy makers have focused attention on the importance of the school learning environment and the influence of the individual and peer behaviors on students’ performance. It is worth noting that these students’ behavior also play a key role in determining student success in school and beyond. Studies of students considered to be at risk of school failure in most urban schools have shown that these students possess particular characteristics that act as factors that determine their academic performance. Such characteristics include; the students are likely to complete less homework, they attend school less frequently, and they exhibit more aggressive behavior and also use illicit drugs. The indicators of a relatively higher prevalence of poor academic effort in urban schools than in rural schools are as follows. Most urban students tend to spend less time doing homework and more time watching television. The amount of time spent in the classroom is represented by student’s absenteeism and the time spent on discipline in the classroom. According to Lippman et al, rural students are more likely to be worse (Lippman et al. 1996). This paper reviews some of the problems faced by urban youths in relation to their academic and social conditions. The Nature of Urban Students Most urban schools are characterized by violence and drugs. Learning in an urban set up is constrained in an atmosphere of fear and disorderliness. Cases of students going on rampage and bringing weapons to school are more prevalent in an urban learning set up than in rural schools. There are also many more cases of low commitment in academic effort such as poor attendance, discipline, or study habits in urban schools. At Risk Students Recent studies indicate that one out of every four high school students drops out of school before graduating. The incidence is more prevalent in major cities with some recording as high as 40% prevalence of cases of students dropping out of school. Also, the higher standards
How would you rate the leadership skills of Eve Yen? Eve Yen has poor leadership skills because of the inability to influence employees working under her to take a certain course of action to accomplish the tasks associated with the challenges of the rapidly growing company and changing business environment. As a founder of Wiper Diamonds International, Eve has poor communication skills and lacks emotional stability because of her acknowledgment that some of the decisions she made were painful. Eve lacks dominance, has low enthusiasm, and fails to delegate duties and responsibilities, which ultimately led to loss and poor performance. Evidence shows that Eve failed to hire a manager through a formal process of job description and analysis to get the best-qualified manager. The results were an underperforming manager. Eve Yen fits well into a business founder because of her qualities which include risk-taking abilities, entrepreneurial capabilities, being self-assured of success despite the odds, being tough-minded, and conscientious. However, Eve fails due to inherent characteristics which include her lack of empathy, maturity, intuitiveness, team orientation, charisma, and lack of critical business leadership skills which made the 2007 year chaotic. Typically, Eve Yen’s leadership style is based on the situational leadership style because Eve responds differently to different situations, which dictates different actions. In context, Eve Yen hired and dismissed managers and other employees depending on unfolding situations. Typically, there is no one type of optimal psychographic profile that fits Eve. That is evident by the number of changes she made due to changing situations such as the purchase and installation of a computer, and lack of abilities to create a sustained environment for the new manager to enforce deadlines. Do you think Yen can make the transition from founder to general manager of a now-sizeable company? Eve Yen can transit from the founder to the general manager because of the training she had undertaken over the last two years. The key elements demonstrating Eve’s new management skills are based on her acknowledgment that she had acquired new skills and abilities to assess and hire a manager based
Communists and Nationalists in China Japan had a strong hand in the formation of nationalism and communism in China. During WWI Japan had managed to capture Shandong province. Several other regions of China including Manchuria and some parts of Mongolia remained under the Japanese control. This was attributed to the Twenty-One Demands. China’s unsuccessful war against Germany later made them resort to accepting the Japanese stipulations. Therefore, they accepted to offer Shandong Province to Japan during the Paris Conference of 1919. When the signing of the pact between China and Japan became public, several people including students and politicians staged demonstrations that eventually resulted into the formation of the Guomindang under Sun Yat-Sen. Not being recognized by the West, he sought assistance from the Soviets who resorted to assist both Sun and the CCP Party. The main target of the Soviet was to ensure that the two parties merged. After the death of Sun, Chiang Kai-Shek, who had been trained in Moscow continued the Nationalist movement and conquered half of China in 1925. Due to frictions between Guomindang and CCP, there was a split in 1926. This split resulted into three distinct capitals within China which were the internationally valid one in Beijing, the Guomindang capital in Wuhan and the CCP capital in Nanjing. By 1927, the CCP and the communists had experienced a complete failure. The power rested in the hands of the nationalists. Progress was witnessed during the reign of the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-Shek. What brought the Communists to power was the revival of the power of the peasantry through Mao Zedong. Despite his failure during the Autumn Harvest Upr
Exploring the ways organizations function and the politics of their internal dynamics, Bolman and Deal (2013) noted that organizational hierarchy is not a fixed structure, but instead, it works as a set of coalitions. This creates multidimensional power relationships in which many groups and individuals can impact each other by pursuing different goals and objectives. As a result, the general organizational goals and strategies are not set from the top down but are negotiated at every stage and level, eventually coming to their final shape (Bolman & Deal, 2013). The article by Coburn (2006) is focused on the issue of problem framing in policy-making. The author noted that the process of policy-making is based on the perceptions of particular social problems by the makers of policies. As a result, the perceptions of individual actors can determine the orientation, direction, nature, means, and implementation of the policy. The connection that can be seen between the chapters and the article is in their approach to organizational politics as a complex communication process that is comprised of multiple levels of interaction, each of which can impact the course of policy. As a result of this tendency, problems, as well success, of the entire organization cannot and should not be blamed on a single part, department, or coalition of participants. In addition, apart from the inner dynamics of organizations, their policies are also influenced by stakeholder groups who are directly engaged in the organizational actions and dynamics regardless of their being absentee owners and collaborators. Due to the complexity of power balance and relationships, policies and projects need to be carefully monitored at every stage of planning and implementation in order to avoid critical errors that can result in negative outcomes in the future.
Overview During industrial processes like the dehydration of crude oil, the dissociation of the water molecules from the water-oil mixture is an essential requirement of a coalescer. Notwithstanding the fractional distillation that is subjected to the crude oil, impurities like water should be removed to improve the quality of the product. Electrostatic coalescence is an ideal technology for separation of molecules that act as impurities in crude oil. 1 As the name suggests, the impurities (water included) are separated from the mixture through an electrostatic mechanism. The use of an electrostatic coalescer was first recorded in the late 1990s. Al-Qhatani and Elkamel hold the opinion that the quality of crude oil is enhanced upon dehydration. 2 Their study further recommends electrostatic coalescence due to reduction in the cost of extraction and transportation. In addition, the purified oil is made safe for the environment. Electrostatic coalescence is often carried out on petroleum products like paraffin, which require zero minimum content of impurities to enhance their combustion. In this research paper, attention is given to the applicability of the process to the breakdown of water molecules from the crude oil emulsion. An in-depth analysis of the concept of coalescence is provided. Some of the parameters examined include the working principle of an electrostatic coalescer. The issue of electrostatics and dipolar attraction are examined. 3 The coalescence of the unwanted molecules is realised through this working principle. In addition, the paper examines the configuration of the machine, with special attention to the nature of the electrodes. The findings of this research paper will lay the ground for more studies on electrostatic coalescence. In line with the same, recommendations will be provided at the end of the paper to establish a framework for further application of electrostatic coalescence in the dehydration of crude oil. The increased demand for clean and cost-effective methods of crude oil dehydration makes a case for the use of electrostatic coalescence by oil companies. 4 In general, the paper seeks to affirm the benefits of the electrostatic coalescer and, by extension, the science of coalescence. Given the fact that crude oil requires dehydration, it follows that any company in the oil mining industry requires an electrostatic coalescer. One of the advantages of this machine is its low cost. Most electrostatic coalescers are efficient in terms of cost. 5 An analysis of the different types of these machines reveals their low maintenance requirements. Most electrostatic coalescers have little energy demands, making them ideal for the industrial process that is crude oil dehydration. Electrostatic Coalescers Electrostatic coalescers are the instruments used for the coalescence process described in the introduction of this paper. The machines induce coalescence on impurities like water, which are found on crude oil. They achieve this through the use of electric fields. 6 The droplets are often uncharged. 7 When that is the case, the Alternating Current (AC) field produced by the
Introduction Essentially, the two step theory suggests that dissemination of information takes place in two stages. In this light, the theory contends that the social structure comprises of the opinion leaders and the general public. According to the theory, the opinion leaders are the people who get first hand information about the eventualities that take place (Ginzburg, 1969). These eventualities are obtained from the traditional media including the television, radios, newspapers, movies, and the magazines among others (Katz, 1995). In addition, it suggests that the community comprises of the general public who are not exposed to this information coming from the traditional media. The general public might be unable to consume this information from the traditional media due to the language barrier, preference of technology, and lack of time among other things (Gray, 2008). For example, the old people in the developing countries do not understand English, yet it is used in most of the traditional media (Katz & Lazarsfeld, 2006). They can, therefore, get information through the opinion leaders who can understand and translate the information to an understandable language. In principle, therefore, the opinion leaders are responsible of disseminating the information they have gathered to the rest of the people in the community. This implies that communication takes place in a process that comprises of the two stages. In fact, the name of the theory reflects the nature of this process. Surprisingly, the present digital age has introduced a special aspect purporting the two step flow of information. The young people have shifted to the use of social networks including Google+, Twitter, and Facebook among others. Most young people have shifted from the traditional media completely and used most of their time on social sites. This is due to the accessibility of the social sites from portable devices such as the mobile phones and tablets. This implies that the social networks are main platforms for disseminating information that the digital age seems to abandon. In this essay, we will focus on Facebook as a tool that facilitates the two step flow of information. Literature Review Existence of the Theory Facebook has captured the interest of many people across the world due to the ease of access and use. In 2011, Facebook had about 745 million users where 50 percent of them were logged into their account on daily bases (Harvell, 2012). The statistics show that Facebook users spend about seven hundred billion minutes on Facebook. This popularity has made Facebook to be a platform of advertising businesses by entrepreneurs and advancing political agendas (Joshi, Rutledge & Morley, 2011). In light of discussing how opinion leaders share political opinions with the entire public on social media, it is important to understa
Expansion Research Proposal  1. Chairperson of Board of Directors  2. Caribou Coffee  3. 9740 Menaul Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87112  4. Dear sir/ma’am: A – Attention (Awareness) During 2012, Tim Hortons Coffee’s sales advantageously increased. The Canadian restaurant’s main products are coffee and doughnut. During 2012, the company’s $ 3,134,137,000 revenue was higher than the prior year’s $2,801,833 revenue. During 2012, the company’s $404,645,000 net profit was better than the 2011 year’s $375,951,000 net profit (Horton, 2013). Clearly, you can imitate Tim Horton’s Canadian coffee success. I – Interest Further, you can financially benefit from Canada’s current economic upswing. The nation’s political leaders beneficially prioritize economic policies. The improvements generate higher gross domestic production (GDP) figures. In terms of global gross domestic production, Canada’s performance is pegged at 10 th place. Compared to the Japanese, German, and French economies, Canadians have a better economic and social life (Thompson, 2013). Clearly, the improved economic condition increases Canada’s coffee demands. In the same light, Canada’s remarkably higher gross domestic production (GDP) picture allows the hiring of more workers. Starting in 2003, the average Canadian citizen’s income continues to increase (Sarlo, 2009). With more workers, the demand for coffee increases. Undoubtedly, there is an increase in the demand for coffee. D – Desire Now is the time to achieve your current organizational desire, increase global coffee profits. By conducting our research, you will learn whether selling your coffee in Canada is viable, increasing your global coffee sales. The research will indicate whether the Canadian expansion will precipitate higher global gross profit figures. Consequently, your overall net profits will rise. Undoubtedly, the research will help attain your global coffee desire. Further, conducting the research has many advantages. The advantages include determining whether buying cheaper Canadian coffee processing machines is a good alternative. You will learn whether your Caribou Coffee’s taste and aroma far surpass the taste and aroma of the Canadian competitors’ products. Another advantage is determining whether we can profitably imitate the Canadian coffee tastes and aromas. Without a doubt, the research has distinct advantages. Furthermore, conducting the research has many benefits. One of the benefits is determining whether we can save on salary expenses. Based on initial research, Canadians are paid low salaries. In terms of Canada’s global initiatives, another benefit is determining whether the Canadian government’s regulations will help attain your global goal. Initial research shows one Canadian agency, Competition Policy Review Panel, has many foreign investment policies. One policy removes certain investment ownership limitations. As a result, the policy increases the foreign investments in Canada (OECD, 2010). Evidently,
The Screwtape Letters is the book by Clive Staples Lewis, one of the greatest Christian writers of the 20 th century. This masterpiece was written in 1942 and published for the first time in book form by Geoffrey Bles in London. The chosen genre of The Screwtape Letters , Christian satire, helps to underline the significance of faith and people’s wrong interpretation of sins and religion in general. This fiction consists of 31 letters, which present appropriate pieces of advice of how to procure patients’ souls, given by Screwtape to Wormwood, his nephew. All these letters and the work as a whole are dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien, another great English writer and poet. Screwtape performs his role of a mentor on a really brilliant level; and still inexperienced tempter, Wormwood, is eager to analyze the lessons and enlarge his level of knowledge in order to amaze his teacher and even surpass him. The reader of The Screwtape Letters gets a chance to look at the letters, written by Screwtape only. In spite of the fact that it should a two-way correspondence, the author of the book allows the reader to use own imagination and think about the manner of writing of Wormwood. Each letter begins with Screwtape’s discontent caused by numerous Wormwood’s failures. So, the protagonist of the story turns out to be Screwtape; he presents new information to the reader, this is why all facts and events are described from one point of view only. Screwtape focuses on different aspects of our life: how human soul makes decisions, what has more significant impact on human decisions, and how actually the devil may temp a human soul and turn it from something good to something evil. Screwtape letters help the reader comprehend that all Christian’s relationships are under a threat to be influenced by evil. Families and friends cannot even guess how tempting a sin may be. Even a pra
Introduction and Background Cancer is among the most challenging diseases for contemporary medical science. Despite numerous researches, its causes cannot be explained properly, and it is impossible to predict. However, if diagnosed in the initial stage, cancer can be successfully treated with both invasive and non-invasive methods. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or targeted therapy, and immunotherapy can be applied. Cancer treatment is complex and changes the patient’s quality of life. A particular concern of men and women, especially with cancer located in the pelvic area, is the influence of treatment on sexual function. O’Shaughnessy, Ireland, Pelentsov, Thomas, and Esterman (2013) provided research on the impact of cancer treatments on sexual dysfunction. Hunter (2014) analyzed the influence of cervical cancer treatment on the sexual function and intimate relationships of participants. A study by Katz and Dizon (2016) established a model aimed at the understanding of men’s sexuality. Kim et al. (2012) examined sexual functioning and the control of the disease among testicular cancer survivors. Purpose and Problem Statement The purpose of the research is to discover the influence that cancer treatment has on sexual function. It is known that cancer treatment always influences other healthy organs and systems. It is necessary to study this influence to find ways to fight its consequences. Besides, such studies may have further development in the researches aimed to reduce bad impact. The hypothesis is that different methods of cancer treatment are harmful to sexual function. The problem of the research can be stated as sexual dysfunction among cancer survivors as a result of treatment. This problem is important since cancer is a widespread disease among both men and women. Some patients recover and may return to the usual life. Nevertheless, the method used to kill cancer cells negatively affect the human organism function. As cancer frequently happens among young people, the preservation of sexual function after successful rehabilitation is necessary for a full life. The role of nursing should also be mentioned here in the context of post-treatment recovery. Literature Review O’Shaughnessy et al. (2013) studied sexual functions and relationships in men diagnosed with and treated for prostate cancer. The methods of focused groups and interviews were used to assess the impact of treatment with hormone therapy, brachytherapy, and surgery on men’s intimate relationships, sexuality, and masculinity. The participants reported they experienced the feelings of masculinity loss. Still, due to the emotional and psychological support, they coped with it. Interviewees al