ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The behavior of people is highly influenced by the kind of environment they are exposed to. Individuals do not behave in the same way because they stay in different environments. The environment includes the physical location and the type of people a person interacts with (Griffin, & Moorehead, 2012). On the other hand, culture influences human behavior. The way people behave can have great impact on the behavior of others. In order to enjoy working, employees should be able to fit in the culture of the working environment. A person has to adjust and be able to relate well with the other employees and clients. It is only through this that he or she will be socially accepted in that particular place. If the physical setting of an organization is favorable for the employees, they will desire to stay there longer and deliver the best of their abilities in the services they offer. Therefore, the physical setting of an organization should be designed in such a way that it encourages social interaction among and between the employees as well as the clients. Employees who get into contact with the clients must maintain good relationships with them to ensure they are maintained. They should behave in the best way possible to promote a positive impact on how the clients perceive them. The physical plan in an organization can also affect the behavior of people (Griffin, & Moorehead, 2012). Crowded areas do not allow socialization because people are not free to move from one place to another. For this reason, many organizations create spaces where their employees can interact. They can have staff lounges, which employees relax during the free times they get over the course of the day. When two or more of the workers meet at that particular place, they share a lot and through that, they build a relationship that changes their behavior. Others have recreational facilities where their employees can play to release tension. They even set aside days to hold sporting activities and this entirely works to the benefit of both the employees and the employer. The employees will reduce the stress that accumulates in the course of their duties and h
Sex education is the teaching of safe sexual practices, reproduction and anatomy and health risks associated with risky sexual behavior. Sex education occurs through parents as the primary social gateway in a family. Other than family teaching, minors can get informal sex education from their peers and media and formal education from their school curriculum. School curriculum places sex education in higher grades above middle school whose students have a higher comprehension rate of sex education compared to lower grade students. There has been a debate on whether children should be taught sex education in school or not and there are proponents and opponents in the debate. This essay takes the position that children should be taught sex education in school since there is lack of parent involvement and accurate information. Parents are interested in having their children go through teen-years without engaging in risky sexual behaviors that jeopardizes their futures as adults. As the first reference point for adolescent, parents are seen to be the best sex education teachers however; parents avoid the topic of sex education because of their concerns that such education will encourage their children to engage in sex (Somers & Surmann, 2004). Secondly, they fear that they may not possess accurate knowledge on the matter and as a result, parents fail to provide the most important education necessary for adolescents to avoid risky sexual behavior (Somers & Surmann, 2004). Teaching sex education as part of school curriculum would therefore be a welcome move which would help children access the right information regarding sex and relationships. The fact that some parents lack time, in addition to accurate information, to engage their children on sex due to busy schedules is reasonable enough to allow sex education to be taught in schools. When children do not receive the right information about sex from either parents or in schools, they definitely get information from their peers and the media. This information is usually misleading and it ends up exposing children to risky sexual behaviors. In addition to being misleading, such information is no
What is “organic” food? Recently, “organic” food has been gaining more and more traction and adherents all over the world. Given its popularity, it is crucial to define what makes food organic. In general, organic food is the food produced in compliance with the guidelines of organic farming. The latter prohibits exposure to ionising radiation and the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In pursuit of environmentally and socially sustainable production, organic farmers do not use artificial fertilisers, growth regulators, pesticides and livestock feed additives. Why are organic foods better for health? There is a lively public debate taking place on whether organic foods are beneficial for health or in this case, marketing and advertising outshine substance. In their report, Mie and Wivstad (2015) concluded that as of now, science had not given a clear answer. However, researchers succeeded in pointing out several potential benefits, mainly linked to decreased exposure to chemical substances. For instance, pesticides are well-known endocrine disruptor compounds, i.e. chemicals that interfere with an exposed person’s hormonal system. Among adverse health outcomes associated with such exposure are type 2 diabetes, ADHD, Alzheimer’s and compromised fertility (Mie & Wivstad 2015). Moreover, there is evidence that organic food may be richer in nutrients. For instance, organic crops contain more Vitamin C that is involved in many bodi
Netjerikhet Djoser, also known as Zoser, was probably the famous King who ruled Egypt in the third Dynasty for 19 years. His name means “the divine body” and he is remembered for commissioning the construction of step pyramid which was architectural work of Imhotep. Historical facts have revealed that the relation between Dsojer and Imhopet was cordial. Imhotep was a highly respected Egyptian polymath, architect and a doctor who lived in Egypt between 2650 and 2600BC. He constructed the first Pyramid in Egypt which was commissioned by King Djoser. Inscription in some statues describes Imhopet as “Chancellor of the king in lower Egypt”. Early history sources reveal that he may have been born in the Memphis while others suggest that he may have originated from Thebes and served under King Djoser who reigned between 2630 to 2611BC. Historians still value his accomplishments which include the construction of Egypt’s first Pyramid that was a Djoser’s step pyramid in Saqqara. His role in writing was mainly in medical texts. He is believed to have authored descriptions of over 90 anatomical terms and 50 injuries. He also founded a medical school in Memphis. Evaluation realism in the Egyptian Arts Egyptian rules of art, sculpture, paintings, and
Introduction An analysis of the poem “Smoking” by David Levithan reveals that one’s sexual orientation is distinct from one’s gender identity, yet society tends to mix these two concepts together. Cultures define gender identities, and this means that people who choose to interpret their gender unconventionally may be treated differently. It is essential to understand why this occurs. How gender and sexual orientation differ in society Traditionally, society has been particularly strict about gender roles assigned to men and women. Many assumed that attractions occurred between males and females respectively (Diamond, 48). However, according to the poem, being a man does not necessarily determine whether one is gay or straight. The two boys in the poem love each other, but still regard themselves as males. They smoke ‘Marlboro’, which Americans regard as a classic male cigarette. They also dress and behave in a typical masculine way. Since society has classically assumed that one can link sexual orientation and gender, then many have assumed that individuals with gay preferences tend to have a mixed up gender identity. In fact, some gay couples have conformed to these expectations by assigning typical feminine roles to one partner and typical masculine roles to the other partner. In this scenario, David falls in the former category while his lover Jed falls in the latter category. He explains that he preferred the vanilla scented smoke to other brands. Jed was also the one who asked David out, and not the other way around. The author clearly identified with the less assertive role than the dominant one. It may be said that David took on this pseudo-female role as an attempt to reconcile tensions; they arose out of society’s definition of gender identity
The impact on profitability of the chemical company in case of the leakage of chemicals In case the company conceals the information about the leakage of chemicals, it can face the challenge of social corporate responsibility, which can be fraught with serious legal consequences. The company will have to confront moral and ethical issues, which can spoil its reputation. Violation of environmental laws is also a serious threat to the successful existence of the company. However, in case the company admits the failure, the consequences can be less serious in regards to the rules and, therefore, the firm will experience much less costs. The factors involved in conducting a break-even analysis for the chemical company A manager of a chemical company should take all possible steps to decrease the costs and increase the revenues. In this case, it is necessary to reduce the costs by reconsidering the rent price or controlling the incoming calls. Variable costs can also be reduced by changing suppliers or inviting a new segment of customers. Finally, the selling price of the product can also be increased.
“Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times” was written by Morris Rossabi focusing on the Song and Yuan dynasties that existed in the Eurasian continent in the early centuries during which the Mongols were the rulers. The author, Morris Rossabi, is a professor at Columbia with a specialty in China and Central Asia history, an author of several articles and has had many expeditions in Central Asia and Mongolia. In this book, Rossabi focuses on a man known as Khubilai Khan who “lived during the height of Mongol power” (Rossabi 1) and was perceived by many writers as a mythical and legendary figure who was able to influence greatly the history of China, parts of Asia, and the Europe as well. Khubilai Khan was born on 23 rd September 1215 (Rossabi 13), and his career ignited the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire in early China. It was during his reign that China witnessed the building of its capital city, Shanghai, and the development of a legal code among other developments. He was brought up by his mother, Ogodei. His wish to become a leader and develop his leadership skills started when he was a ruler of a group of Chinese farmers and rose up the leadership ladder to a Mongol. In all his leadership positions, he adopted a “laizzes-faire” kind of leadership and did not discriminate any class of people (Rossabi 14). Though he was a non-Chinese, he was dependent mostly on the Chinese people who acted as his personal advisors. However, when he was young, it was no
Introduction Studies conducted in the past have shown that women or even young girls are often likely to show sadness than anger as compared to boys or men who tend to show anger more than sadness. This paper seeks to discuss ways through which gender influences the display rules for expression of emotion. Parental training for the different sexes The development of the gender based display rules for the expression of emotions can be partly linked to the way boys and girls are brought up. Parents often tend to bring up their children in a manner that they learn to express emotions that are consistent with gender roles. Studies conducted indicate that parents nurture this trait by being accommodating to the girl child’s sadness and anxiety and accepting the boy child’s anger. Reward and punishment is also used to ensure that gender consistent character is taken up by children (Brannon 102). Gender based socialization pressure The influence of gender on the display of rules for emotion expression may be due to the gender based socialization pressure. The interaction between children and other members of the society often result into gender oriented roles in life. For instance, the common say that goes “big boys don’t cry” often hardens boys and at the same time make girls appreciate the fact that they belong to the weaker sex (Brannon 56). Expressions like this and a lot other g ender aimed actions in the society often encourage the expression of certain emotions in males and females. Submissive emotions by girls can this be developed this way or the disharmonious characters that exhibited by boys. The biological explanation Various scientists have tried to link the behavioral differences between males and females to the fact that they are physiologically different. The following points have been put forward to explain how the physiological gender differences affect behaviors and by extension the display rules for expression of emotions. It’s usually observed that males tend to be more aggressive and forceful than females. Studies have linked this observation to the fact that males are more masculine than females and thus will tend to be aggressive when confronted with situations. It is also observed that females are ill prepared for physical extremes by the presence of more sensory nerve endings in their skin. Sex typing A common observation that has been made among primates, especially the ground dwelling ones is that males are naturally dominant in order to protect the females and the young ones. Research indicates that even when the young are raised in the absence of adults they differences are clearly observed. These controversial finding points out that the gender roles are not necessarily learned from society, the society only acts to reinforce them. Thus the expression of anger or
Introduction Channel tunnel was a privately funded project by bankers consisting of an underground tunnel from France to England. This was a double-rail tunnel with a bid of US$5.5 billion that was to be constructed using new technology that needed modification as the project went on as there could be unplanned situations and changes required by various parties. The main reason for this project was to develop a stable and fixed transportation line for the two countries to improve trade and economic development. There were several ideas floated by Britain and France regarding the project of the tunnel in 1974 followed by discussions in 1978 (Gourvish, 2006). The ideas discussed focused mainly on the advantages and disadvantages of the proposal about the trade and development between the two countries. In 1983 banks and contractors from the 2 countries recommended the commencement of the tunnel project just before the two countries agreed on the environmental and security effects of the project and its corresponding impacts. Channel Tunnel Company won the contract in 1986 through a bid of US$5.5 billion. Banks and private sources financed the project through equity and loan capital markets. The concessional contract had a scope of work, estimates of the entire project, timeline of the project, and rules of engagement. The agreement had also put in place some risk management plans and mitigations to take care of any risks that would come up in the future and have effects on the project. Project Planning and Control There was the completion of the project at the end but it was delayed by around 19 months, which led to the use of an extra US$3 billion. This increased the initial cost that was standing at US$5.5 billion. Details were not fully agreed upon leading to delays and extra costs; warning signs rolling stock were lacking in the design since specifications and requirements demanded by each of the countries were not the same, there were no estimations for ventilation or air conditioning systems that were to be used in the project. About US$200 million more for air conditioning was to be included. There were some newly approved blueprints by the Intergovernmental Commission that came up during the progress of the project. There was a lack of well-specified span details that ended up in poor cost estimation, budgeting, and planning of resources. The initial overal
One of the most peculiar characteristics of now famous literary works, published throughout the 20 th century’s early phase, is that the themes and motifs, contained in these works, reflect the essence of what was a predominant socio-philosophical discourse of the time. In its turn, this discourse used to be largely concerned with the fact that, throughout the mentioned historical period, the newly emerged science of psychology started to people with an in-depth insight into the workings of their psyche (Kessen and Cahan 640). Consequently, this was causing intellectually advanced individuals to assume that the particulars of how they assess the surrounding reality cannot be discussed outside of what happened to be their socially suppressed unconscious anxieties. This, of course, created objective preconditions for many writers, to decide in favor of taking a practical advantage of the so-called ‘stream-of-consciousness’ narrative technique, when readers are being exposed to the flow of seemingly random semi-conscious thoughts, on the part of the featured characters – hence, gaining a better understanding of the motivations behind the concerned characters’ behavior. In my paper, I will discuss the particulars of this technique’s deployment in James Joyce’s short story The Death and in Josef Conrad’s novel The Heart of Darkness , while elaborating on how it accentuates the discursive significance of both literary masterpieces. Nowadays, it became a commonplace practice among literary critics to refer to Joyce’s The Death in terms of a ‘modernist story’. One of the reasons for this is that, unlike what it is being usually the case in ‘Victorian stories’, the manner in which the story’s main character Gabriel addresses life-challenges, has very little to do with his ability to rationalize the emanations of the reality around him. Unlike Victorian characters, Gabriel does not strive to adjust his behavior to be consistent with the provisions of the conventional morality, but rather allows his highly subjective perception of the world around him to affect the manner in which he behaves. The validity of this suggestion can be well illustrated in regards to the scene, where overwhelmed with the sensation of an emotional discomfort towards the idea that there can be a good sense in exploring one’s ‘cultural roots’, Gabriel simply tells Miss Ivors that he hates the country in which he happened to live. Nevertheless, the way in which Gabriel acts makes a perfectly good logic. This is because, throughout
Introduction Psychological research is conducted using a range of scientific methods which depends on the kind of data to be collected. The data for psychological studies can either be qualitative or quantitative data and is analyzed to explain a given psychological phenomena. The psychological research methods that are commonly used are case study, naturalistic observation, correlation research, survey research, and experimental method. Experimental and correlational studies are the two scientific methods of psychological study which are explored in this essay. Experimental Psychology Experimental method of psychology involves the study of behavior in a controlled environment. This method establishes the cause and effect relationship of different variables and uses the results to predicts a given phenomena. The researcher identifies the dependent and independent variables of an experiment then control the dependent variables and make observations (Sharma & Sharma, 2006, pp. 1-2). This method is based on scientific observations which are factual, universal, and can give reproducible results to establish cause-effect relationships which are important in psychological predictions. Wilhelm Wundt, the first experimental psychologist established psychological laboratory to determine aspects of sensation in terms of stimulus, response and time in relation to the mind. Experimental psychology has expanded into areas such as psycho-physics, animal psychology, learning psychology, industrial psychology, education psychology and clinical psychology. The limitations of experimental psychology are difficult to ascertain all variables, limited in application to subjects, depends on the attitude and cooperation of the subject (Sharma & Sharma, 2006, pp. 2-7). Correlational studies Correlational studies is a statistical method used in psychological research to determine the relationship between a given variables of a study but cannot show cause-effect relationship. It is a quantitative method of research used to correlate two or more quantitative variables in order to determine if there is any relationship (Waters, para. 1). Statistical formula is used to determine type and degree of correlation which can be a positive correlation, a negative correlation or no correlation (Cherry, 2010, para. 1). Correlational studies can be carried out in three ways; observational, surveying or archival research and the data obtained are analyzed graphically to show correlation. The limitations of correlational studies are that they can only show the relationships of variables but cannot tell which variable affect another, that is cause-effect relationship and also other variables can mask or magnify the true relationship. Discussion Experimental and correlat