ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The manifesto starts with words ” The history of all hitherto societies has been the history of class struggle,” class struggle is the most important force of history. When we get a complex pattern systems of vast social positions.Bourgeoisies have simple class opposition, they did manufacturing in inquires hence called industrial owners. This was their main source of power. It has formed world markets leading to a knowledge of America. The market leads to business growth and efficient communication hence industrial growth, navigation, and commercial development. There was a rise in capital and a aeries of class changes. Bourgeois is considered to be revolution due to its modernity, Development, and a set of changes in exchange and production sectors. They are powerful, bring to an end the feudal system, and resulted in peaceful relations. Production has changed.Bourgeoises spread widely in the world to enlarge product market. Rural life behavior has been reduced to creation of large cities and urban centres.Production of bourgeois has improved compared to other classes before. Marx focuses his view of history concentrating on the rise and fall of dominant bourgeoisie. History, Nature of Money, Political and Moral Implication of Karl Marx Manifesto. Money is something chosen for purpose of equity for other goods. “Original money form is a mistake of a matter. Marx argues that in modern society, forms of money is to be associated to valuable exchange object which is external, that is simple and naturally form of exchange value of products within, or utility products that form main form of present separated wealth. Capitalist used gold and silver metals to satisfy the needed use of important equivalent. Money good was to have proper quantities separation. It was to have divisibility. It was also to have ability to be formed again to its constituent parts. Gold had these important characteristics.This took the role of money hence secluded from their original use, value and purpose almost limited as value exchange, change to proper value, and hence take the form of modern paper money. Money works same purpose on every good it is exchanged with. It is completely separated commodity, since all other commodities are changed shape, a good of their universal separation. Money is the form which products use value is differentiated into value exchange hence separating all goods from labor. Proletariats were the lower working class among the capitalist who earned from their lab our force. They are separated from each other and from what they offer since they don’t have their labor products, production channels and modes of communication. Proletariats working class are known according to Karl Marx, the separation between labors is as important as that between middle and lower class status. Capitalism was social economic bodies that were private in terms of ownership of commodities and production of labor force. The proletariat came as a result of bourgeois production modes. The industries grew in capital while the proletariat developed, making other classes of society unable to compete with bourgeois capitalists. The growth o
Introduction This paper is a critical analysis of the philosophy of religion. Philosophy of religion addresses the existence of God and seeks to find out what God is like. The most important aspect of philosophy of religion is if God exists and what God means to us (Collins 43). Each one of us ponders these questions in life, and the philosophy of religion has tried providing answers. The classic arguments of the philosophy of religion have been refined while some have been abandoned. Some other new arguments on the same topic have cropped up, but the controversial debate is still on. Philosophy of religion should be viewed from the perspective of its mother discipline; philosophy (Collins 43). For instance, we define philosophy as the analysis of ultimate concepts. Likewise we should think of philosophy of religion as being the analysis of concepts encountered in religion. Metaphysical aspects are the central focus of traditional philosophers of religion. This is correct although some critics oppose this idea because concepts like God are crucial to metaphysics. After all, if this debate of God exists, then he must be someone or something pretty according to the attributions given to Him (Collins 46). If this God of debate does not exist, then God is not very important and this debate needs to be shunned. Analytical versus continental Analytical and Continental Philosophy are the two classifications of philosophy of religion. Analytical philosophy occupies the departments of theology while continental philosophies occupy the departments of philosophy (Pomerleau 558). Analytical philosophers decided to approach philosophy of religion with clarity, precision, logic and careful argumentation tools. On the other side, the continental religion philosophers have approached the subject with literal and informal tools like love (Pomerleau 558). Both groups are correct in their approaches because they have different experiences, and they work in different areas of the philosophy discipline. The prove that God exists Philosophers of religion, who came first, have used both inductive and deductive methods to address the existence of God (Collins 56). For instance, the ontological argument says that God is a logical being and further explains that God actually exists. This argument is still debated up to date because of the confusion it raises. Various critics have come forward to give their views on the ontological argument. Another argument is the cosmological argument. This has portrayed many forms, and the first one is that if there is a contingent being, which exists, there ou
Kinship refers to the link that exists among people who are related to each other either by marriage or blood. This link is important because it defines somebody’s history. Kinship is used in most communities to dictate how properties are distributed among one’s descendants. The volume of properties received is dependent on the beneficiary’s number in the family order. Among communities that speak the same vernacular language, the language is used as the unifying factor because it is used to distinguish that community from other communities. Residing in a common geographical location was responsible for fostering strong bonds due to frequent interaction. There are two ways through which kinship can be acquired and they include marriage and through blood. The strength of these links does not rely on their source. A link based on marriage can disintegrate after the marriage has collapsed. In contrary affiliation by blood is thought to have the strongest foundation and is said to end when death walks in. In my typical family setup the affiliation that exists among family members is used to hold it together. For instance, if my father was to divorce my mother, my link with the two of them would remain intact unless I take sides. This is because the link between me and both of them is based on blood while theirs is based on love. In the above mentioned scenario it is certain that links that are based on blood are stronger and cannot be compared to links based on the marriage because the partners in marriage are united by their strong feelings towards each other and when these feelings fade away the link between them is then broken. In our culture, the first born male is accorded the same respect as his father and is responsible for the continuation of family name. Female children are not able to participate in family name continuation because traditions dictate that when a woman is married she becomes more attached to her new family. The male first born is usually consulted before a decision is made because if the father of the family does not exist the first born male assumes his role. Mothers tend to favor the child who is more financially stable than the rest. Studies in the recent past have proved that this favor is natural among females. In ancient days our community supported marriage strongly because they knew the family was the basic unit that determined the survival of a community. In today’s world these cultures have been eliminated by modernization. Descendants of a given family name were avoided by many because it was perceived that by marrying such people will bring bad blood into a family name. Children who are not financially stable enjoy limited authority in decision making process in their families because they are only allowed to implement decisions that have been made by those considered to be more intelligent. Money commands power in our family regardless of whether the wealthy child is the last born in the family. Experience cannot be bought over the counter and thus one
Briar Rose , originally known as The Sleeping Beauty , is a classic fairy tale about a beautiful princess who was spelled with a curse and later was saved by a handsome prince (Grimm and Grimm 123). Although the plotline of the story is not sophisticated, it involves a variety of bonds, as well as complex relationships based on various gender representations. In particular, it reveals the dialogues between the main heroine, prince Briar Rose and other characters, including the old woman in the tower, the king and queen, and, finally, the prince. While representing different gender relations, it is possible to construct the images of the above-identified protagonists. Therefore, each figure in the narration has its own perception of the situation. Representation of the king as an overprotective father and benevolent king, the thirteenth wise woman who has turned the curse to blessing by revealing the princess from her farther care and allowing her to become an independent mature woman influence the gender construction in the story. Despite the fact that the king is represented as a loving father who wants to protect and look after her little daughter, his need to control his daughter’s life is, probably, explained by his desire to outsmart the wise woman. Nevertheless, the king’s overwhelming desire to protect her daughter lead to unconscious sleep makes his fall asleep as well (Grimm and Grimm 124). In the narration, the king destroys all the spindles so as to save his daughter from the curse. Spinning is associated with the feminine capacity to give birth to a child. In European culture, spindle also symbolizes mother’s family and a wise old woman (Shields 156). Within these perspectives, the father breaking all the spindles makes the girl be bound to a dependent, unconscious life. So, the princess acts out against her father’s will and spins to show her potential as a woman. When Briar Rose pricks her finder, she immediately because breathless by showing her delineation from her feminine identity. The confrontation between the good king and its antagonistic hero, the thirteenth woman, can also be represented through the reluctance of her father to give her daughter freedom of choice. By claiming her potential as a mature woman, she is not afraid of entering the dark tower in the castle and talk to an old woman spinning (Shields 158). In this respect, the father does not allow his daughter to be engaged with different activities that all women usually do. The king fairly believes that women are just innocent creatures who should be protected. Such an attitude to women reveals his superiority over women as well as recognition of women’s inferiority over men. At the same time, the princess can enjoy all material and spiritual privileges. She is also presented as an idealized picture of a woman of those times. Therefore, she must meet the social believes, as well as her father’s expectations. In conclusion, the tale provides a clear distribution of males and female roles among the characters. Hence, the role of the kind, the farther of
The Progressive Era brought to light many prominent black leaders who offered their visions of African Americans’ future in the U.S., the most notable among them were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois. Their proposals concerned the approach to the existing limitations and regulations that hindered the way for black people to become proper citizens of the country. The existence of these dissimilar views on the racial progress gave black constituencies options to choose from but led to the lack of unanimity because people decided to adhere to different lines of thought. Booker T. Washington was the most popular black intellectual of his time and the head of the Tuskegee Institute, which trained black people to receive practical, vocational skills. As mentioned in the presentation, Washington believed that for African Americans to become equal and free, they had to work hard, and, by gaining financial security, achieve civil rights, and end segregation. He reasoned that there was no need for black people to protest and explicitly demand to be granted political and social equality, this approach was later called “accommodation.” His moderate views on racial equality and the lack of condemnation of segregation made him a respected figure among the white elites, who perceived him as a mediator between the two races. W. E. B. Du Bois was born free and graduated from the famous Fisk University, he opposed Washington’s belief in achieving economic security first and stressed that racial equality could be achieved only through agitation. His plan to bring African Americans their civil rights implied creating an elite group of black men, “The Talented Tenth,” who would promote the interests of black people. In his notable essay, “Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others,” he called Washington’s approach a submission and stated that his attitude led to the disenfranchisement of black people and widespread acceptance of their inferiority. Du Bois strongly believed that demanding equal rights was a primary task for every African American and that it was significantly more important than accumulating wealth. The considerable difference in the aforementioned opinions constituted the main problem for the black voters who often were divided in their commitment to one of the two approaches. Moreover, Washington’s appro
Introduction Nurses are guided by a code of ethics, which requires them to ensure that they offer quality care to their patients by adhering to a given standard of care. In case of failure to adhere to the standard of care, nurses and health institutions face the risk of being legally liable for any harm that patients may suffer due to caregivers’ negligence. Of particular interest is providing quality care to high-risk patients. Nurses have to ensure that such patients do not incur any injuries that may arise due to falls. Nurses often face a dilemma when dealing with cases where high-risk patients need ambulation, especially when the chances of any movement resulting in the fall of the patient are high. Where such conflicts arise, nurses are advised to opt for the decision that will best benefit the patient’s wellbeing. The following is a judgment of a case study where a patient sues the nurse for negligence after he (the nurse) allows him (the patient) to go to the restroom such that the subsequent events lead him to experience a fracture in his ankle. High-Risk Patients High-risk patients refer to individuals whose health status is prone to other serious happenings, irrespective of the standard of care that they get from health practitioners. Such individuals may demonstrate comorbidities that relate to their respective livers, hearts, or even kidney issues (Guido, 2010). Some of the influencing factors include old age due to the loss of muscle power, susceptibility to ailments and medication, and neuropathy among other medical conditions. In the current case study, the patient can be considered high-risk based on his old age of close to 80 years. He has been taking a variety of medications while at the same time demonstrating atrial fibrillation and renal problems. Atrial fibrillation has been recorded as an autonomous risk factor for deliberate falls in aged patients. Furthermore, according to the physician, the patient understudy has a moderate to high fall risk. Considering the health condition and age of the ailing individual who has been getting medication for a renal breakdown, it suffices to declare him a high-risk patient. The Patient’s Environment Tofthagen, Visovsky, and Berry (2010) reveal how environmental factors have a huge impact on the occurrence or prevention of falls. Predisposing environmental factors include perils such as rutted or creepy floors and inappropriate placing of materials that are often used by the patients, for instance, positioning them too high or too low, such that one has to apply some extra force to access them. Poor lighting is also an extrinsic factor that exposes the patient to falls. Conversely, other factors include the presence of surveillance options, chair, and bed alarms, and the availability of sitters and flagging for high-risk patients. Thus, the environment design can prevent or increase the patient’s risk of falling. The fact from the current case reveals that the restroom is fixed with safety rails and alarms. The patient is also informed on how to alert the nurse in case of any issue. Before going to the restroom, the facts indicate that a bedpan has been availed to the pat
Written by Daniella Schneider, the article “Human Rights Issues in Guantanamo Bay” tackles various issues regarding detention and treatment of prisoners at the Guantanamo Bay. The article examines both political and legal issues surfacing due to the continued detentions. Currently, the prevailing political condition has degraded and gone against laws relating to international and human rights. This aspect has resulted to in-depth debates on the legality of the detention that has up to date denied more than 660 people the freedom they once enjoyed. However, this move has led to the Federal Government of the United States pronouncing that Guantanamo is in breach of the Geneva Convention that took place in 1949. The US government appreciates that even though the Taliban and Al-Qaeda are not recognized by the Convention, there have been no attempts to verify the legal rights of those detained, even by means of a tribunal. In the verge of trying and granting detainees their rights, the article examines several conventions, laws, and regulations regarding human rights that have been passed by the international community. However, there are quite a lot of difficulties surrounding the legal status of these detainees in Guantanamo Bay. Moreover, the US government received strong opposition from the international community when it preferred trial of these detainees through military commission. It is expressed in the article that although the detainees are international criminals, the move by the US to detain them at the Guantanamo Bay is an abuse of international laws on the human rights. Guantanamo Bay, having been established in 2002, was used by the US as a prison camp where the first victims were some people brought into the custody of the US from Afghanistan and elsewhere. Two years down the line, some international organizations have come up to challenge the legality of such detentions. For instance, the Amnesty International was the first international body to point out that the detention was against international standards. In 1949, the Geneva Convention was adopted and it provides a framework of dealing with detainees. The convention stipulates that a detainee is subject to humane treatment and should not be punished unless found guilt. They are detained to restrain them from joining the enemy’s side and laying fresh ambushes. In addition, the convention also stipulates that a detainee shall not wait for trial for more than 3 months. The convention also defines who a detainee is; that is, a member of the armed or militia forces. Although the Al Qaeda is an international criminal group, it does not qualify for a prisoner of war (POW) status. Therefore, the detention of such members amounts to illegal detention. This element was not the case with the Taliban group as it was once an Afghanistan’s military group. However, the international community was concerned why the US did not use con
Compensation systems Compensation systems are the schemes applied by different companies when remunerating employees. Compensation refers to the analytic approach used when providing financial value to an organization’s employees in reimbursement for the work they have done. Compensation systems vary from one organization to another and they are generally classified in to two categories. The two broad categories of compensation systems are the direct pay benefits and the indirect pay benefits. The system adopted by an organization plays a crucial role in the determination of the level of productivity and it also displays the values of the organization to the public. “Compensation systems are capable of attracting or repelling the right kind of people because they communicate so much about the organization’s philosophy, values and practices”(Ling & Roloff, 2002). Compensation systems are also responsible for the quality of work force in the organizations. Organizations offering excellent remuneration to their employees stand a chance of attracting highly qualified personnel who will deliver their services with high levels of professionalism thus ensuring that the organization’s profile is high. Securitas security Services Company has enormous number of employees working at different capacities. The main classifications of the departments in this organization include the security officer, security guard, security supervisor, armed security officer, security manager, security guard gate, accounts manager and the scheduling manager. The people working in these departmen