ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction During the period of 1980s and 1990s, in both areas services as well as manufacturing tremendous growth have been seen in telecommunication industry. In this regard, every day new technologies are introduced in different markets such as mobile phone and telecommunication devices. However, technologies and inventions in this field vary from country to country. In this context, the United States has been considered as one of the pioneer nation who opens the field of telecommunication for communication purposes. Nevertheless, in the history of telecommunication, this sector in the year 2001 experienced some huge financial and non-financial crises. Fortunately, at present, telecommunication sector showing new signs of recovery of 2001 huge crises and developing new devices. In this regard, due to rising demand for 3-G infrastructure equipments such as WiFi and some internet access equipment telecommunication hardware producers working hard to cope with market products’ demand. AT&T The history of AT&T started with the history of telephone in the United States. AT& T was rooted in 1857 when Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone. The AT&T was the major company Bell systems, to provide telephone services. The Bell systems, the best service provider of telephonic services in the world, this system broke up into eight companies by the agreement between the AT&T and the U.S department of justice. The period of 1984-1996 was a very successful one for AT&T to provide equipments as well as services in a competitive world. At present AT&T i
Introduction Buddhism psychology refers to bad habits as the intentions of acting in a harmful manner. The concept of the bad habit is nonexistent if the intention to do harm to self or others is not manifested. In order to prevent bad habits, an individual must trigger a mental action that inhibits manifestation of ill intentions. In normal circumstances, a well-intended action leads to benevolent deeds. However, ill-will is a major motivator for vicious deeds. The control over the mind is considered integral in Buddhism psychology. From this perspective, environmental protection depends on human actions. Modern Buddhism psychology is integral in shaping human perspective about environmental protection. From a Buddhist perspective, having positive thoughts about environmental protection is a good intention. If an individual’s intention towards others and the community are positive in nature, then the probability of engaging in destructive activities is minimal. For example, concern for others in the community is vital in avoiding negative deeds such as the excessive emission of carbon. Apparently, carbon emission and related pollution activities are referred as biodegradation activities. Moreover, positive mentality towards saving the world from global warming and other detrimental environmental activities is necessary. Buddhism psychology establishes some of the fundamental concepts that can help in controlling spiteful intentions towards the environment. In this regard, Buddhism psychology plays a pivotal role in changing negative habits or negative thinking about environmental protection to positive actions. Conceptualizing Buddhism Psychology on One’s Actions In Buddhism psychology, the intention is considered an important mental event or process. Apparently, the intention directs the mind about execution of an action. Therefore, the intention enables the mind to determine whether human beings should engage in virtuous, neutral or non-virtuous behaviour. The consequences of ill-will or bad intention are referred as Karma. The cause-effect relationship of an action and subsequent reactions is that the end-results depend on the original intent and human will. Karma has two classifications that are referred as the intended action and action of intention. Intended action entails verbal or physical expressions. On the other hand, action of intention is the impu
Introduction The aim of this term paper proposal is to outline a broad structure of a term paper while narrowing the area of interest to a specific topic. The proposal will present objectives, a research question, a thesis statement, and a methodology for the term paper. Objectives   * To examine the contribution of technology to climate change;   * To present a comprehensive review of technologically-mediated methods for responding to global flooding caused by anthropogenic climate change;   * To suggest the most effective and socially just methods of adapting to the global flood risk. Literature Review Throughout human history, many civilizations have been subjected to social disruptions caused by changes in climate. Whereas in the past these disruptions have been initiated by natural phenomena, climate change experienced by modern societies is a result of human actions, particularly, technological progress. The development of industrial sectors has contributed to an increase in carbon emissions in virtually every country in the world. A study on the patterns of carbon emissions in China reveals that residential energy consumption instigated by the proliferation of consumer electronics accounts for a carbon footprint that is considerably larger than that left by industrial manufacturing (Zhu and Peng 1). There is ample evidence pointing to the fact that high-carbon technology and electricity are associated with negative environmental impacts that range from air and water pollution to increases in global temperature (Hertwich et al. 6279). In particular, over the span of the last several decades, the global gas-and coal-fired energy production has increased water and air toxicity by 12 percent (Hertwich et al. 6281). Most importantly, high-carbon electricity has changed the natural patterns of flooding events, thereby endangering urban populations around the globe. Unfortunately, the majority of urban settings are characterized by extremely low levels of flooding preparedness, which can expose vulnerable social groups to severe risks (Wilby and Keenan 3). It should be borne in mind that the global flood risk is the major unintended effect of anthropogenic climate change that requires urgent adaptation. Hirabayashi et al. (816) argue that the 2 percent temperature increase would result in the global flood exposure of 27 million people. Even though technology has immensely contributed to the
Introduction Regional movements have had significant effect on the Inter-Arab politics. Good examples of these movements are the Pan-Arab movement as well as the Islamic movements. These movements have always tried to reunify Arabs and reestablish their political power. Most of them have been making efforts to bring out the issue of nationalism, particularly after the Second World War. They have tended to press for unity and socialism. Most of these movements played a very important role in the liberation of Arabs from foreign powers like European powers and even the Ottoman Empire. Pan-Arab Movement Regional movements such as the Pan-Arab movement have been at the forefront in bringing the existing regimes to the limelight. They have helped in curtailing the excessive powers employed by the dictatorial regimes. The Pan-Arab movement was mainly based on the socialism ideologies. The movement asserts that Arabs belong to one state and it was meant to unit them as well as shielding them from foreign dominance. The movement played a big role in unifying Arab nations and through the formation of alliances as well as enhancing economic collaboration (Jankowski 244-45). Origin and Development The movement is believed to have been founded by Jurji Zaydan under his Nahda movement. He is well known for his role in the adoption of Quranic language as the official language among the Arabic nations instead of the reliance on the other local languages. This helped to boost the aspect of Arab nationalism. He also popularized certain heroes from the Arab nations in the novels that he wrote. His ideas were picked up by Sharif Hussein Ali, who sought the Mashreq Arabs independence from Ottoman Empire. The movement therefore played a very significant role in the liberation as well as independence of the Arab nations. The movement played a very significant role in the unification of Arab nations. In some of the cases however it met with opposition and distrust. It was accused of propagating racism, inciting as well as down-playing the role played by people who were of the non-Arabic origin. It met with opposition not just from non-Arabic nations but some of the Arabic nations as well. Egypt was for instance so much opposed to its ideologies in its earlier years and it only came to be accepted during the reign of Gamal Abdel Nasser. Most Arab nations had irreconcilable differences that in most cases led to the collapse of the movement and its ideologies (Aburish 99). The Decline After the defeat of the Arabs by the Israelis in the six day war in 1967 as well as the inability of the Arab nations that embraced the pan African ideology to ensure economic recovery the result was the decline of the movement as well as
Social learning theory argues that people usually model their behavior according to how others behave within a social context. Therefore, observation plays a very crucial role in behavior modeling. Initially, the theory relied highly on behaviorism and explained behavior as a result of environmental impacts on an individual. In recent years, the theory has embraced the fact that cognitive factors as well as information processing is crucial in modeling behavior of a person. Therefore, the theory has seen the importance of reward and punishment in behavior modeling. On the other hand, social control theory explains that people need to be socialized to internalize various societal norms so that they can individually regulate their behaviors. The most initial form of the theory looked at delinquency as an individual failure of a person to control their behaviors. Later on, some sociologists modified the theory by explaining that though every person is likely to commit crimes, those who have much to lose refrain from breaking the law. In recent years, social control theorists argue that by using a third party to act as an example, it is possible to make people refrain from committing crime. The two theories are somehow different in the way they explain antisocial behavior like delinquency. According to social learning theory, people who associate with criminals or children whose parents are criminals are more likely to engage in criminal activities. This is because people modify their behavior by learning from others in the society, especially those close to them. On the other hand, social control theory argues that delinquency results when people are not trained to limit their tendencies to engage in crime. The theory argues that people should be given limited behavior characters to choose from to avoid delinquency. Labeling theory seeks to explain the effect that negative labeling can have on behavior of people. Initially, the theory was based on the idea that difference in treatment after one has committed a crime affects self image of people. Lately, the theory has differentiated deviance into primary and secondary deviance. Therefore, modifications to the theory illustrate that people’s interaction as well as reaction to labeling are crucial in explanation of deviancy. The theory is different from others because it concentrates on the effect that negative labeling has on behavior of people. In essence, it focuses on the reasons why people repeat criminal behaviors. The theory can be used to rehabilitate people who have committed crimes to ensure that chances of people repeating crimes are reduced. Conflict theories on the other hand use class conflict to explain crime. According to these theories, economic conditions have the ability of influencing people’s behavior. Consequently, socio-economic inequality precipitates criminal activities. The theories include race-conflict theory, critical theory and feminist theory
A hotel simulation game is a game established to know the potential of hotel and management students or rather to gauge the potential of a hotel staff. However, this game is also used by hotels in the recruitment of new staff in order to raise a team that will develop criteria which encourages profit maximisation of the hotel through team power. These teams should comprise of three to six participants and should not exceed four teams for easier supervision (Lundberg1979, p.20). The game itself should take three to four hours plus the debrief; however, there is no limitation on the number of times this game can be used (Lundberg 1979, p.22) At the end of this game, a participant should have learnt: accurate matching of a business to the market, analysis of financial reports, maximisation of business opportunities, keeping costs under control and rationality and logicality (Saunders 2000, p.45) The overall performance was above average since the main objective of establishing this team was team building, and by the end of the game, all the team members had developed a rapport and were working co-operatively with each other. However, there were various setbacks due to different priorities and interests among the team members. Two of the members had good leadership qualities, and so with time, they had taken over the decision making of the team, and the rest of the team members followed suit. In the first four rounds, the net profit of the hotel was increasing cumulatively by two percent, but a drastic change was experienced in the fifth round where by the net profit rose by thirteen percent. In the sixth round, a drop of two percent was experienced. The outcome was not as expected since the team was highly promising. The average outcome was due to fair decision making rather than the expected good decision making. The good decisions made were; minimising the cost of production in terms of using the provided working materials sparingly and not wastefully which ensured the effective use of finances; identification of the customers’ tastes and preferences and their implementation in the hotels policy; branding of the business’ name, objectives, motto, and slogan in a way that matched the market demand so as to attract the immediate market; outsourcing of some of the hotels activities which helped in the concentration of the hotels prime objectives and to improve on the quality of service; informed rational market demands and their implementation so as to satisfy them. The bad decisions made were; recruitment of cheap staff with the aim of maximising profits which led to poor service in the hotel; bad policy on the mode of payment that should be administered which discouraged customers since it look unreasonable to them but to the team members it was implemented to eliminate any chances of losing
Introduction Many writers find it interesting and even provocative to create stories about death and discuss this event from multiple perspectives. However, the situation changes when a person starts writing about his or her impending death, not because of an unexplainable desire to research the topic and describe it imaginatively, but because it is reality. In “Intoxicated by My Illness,” Anatole Broyard shares with his readers the news that transformed the author’s mind and his whole life in a matter of seconds: the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Instead of having multiple or chaotic thoughts, he felt relief because he could finally find the answer to many questions. Broyard’s “Intoxicated by My Illness” is not a simple story about life and death, but a guide for people on how to fight for life, accept illness and enjoy real opportunities. Problem The characteristic feature of this short story is not the disease itself, but its further repercussions. It is not a big deal to hear the diagnosis and understand its essence. What turns out to be complicated and unbearable is finding enough power to continue living, being surrounded by family and friends, and realizing that “a real deadline” has been given at last (Broyard 3). The problem is the necessity to live with a disease that sucks out life and with the inability to change anything. The author tries to find reasons to live and enjoy every day of this life, even as he understands that he cannot stay as long as he wants. Argument There are many reasons to discuss this problem and the author’s intention to discover the beauty of this life. As soon as “you learn that your life is threatened, you can turn toward this knowledge or away from it” (Broyard 3). It is useless to try to run away from such a problem like cancer. It is instead time to think about the essence of a happy and full life and gather as many pleasant and unforgettable moments as possible. The most compelling idea is that “time was no longer innocuous, nothing was casual anymore” (Broyard 4). This life offers several things to be curious about, including “the streets, the houses, the trees, the shops, the people, the movement, and the stillness… books, paintings, music… your friends” (Broyard 4). As a result, Broyard finds himself “cured by the truth” while many other people “still suffer the nausea of the uninitiated” (6). The positive aspect has been found, and it is important to hold on to it. Personal Interpretation I enjoyed each line in this short story as it reveals something true about this life. Millions of people continue living without even understanding what a priceless and unbelievable gift they have. I think that Broyard’s message is not only meant to inspire the reader, but also to help his family and himself to survive this moment and take only the best things from the situation. When medicine cannot help a patient, it is time for imagination and spirituality to be used. Broyard shows one possible way to live with cancer, and I find his approach the best one in such cases. Conclu
Evaluate whether Service Blueprinting is a Useful Tool for Operations Management Operation management is a fairly well-established field with a diverse range of tools at the disposal of the managers. However, the ongoing shift from the product-based towards a service-based approach in customer interaction revealed the gaps in the suitability of these tools for service-based models. Several attempts have been made to address the issue, including the adjustments in the existing instruments and the introduction of the new ones. The following paper contains a review of a project blueprint example followed by the analysis of its usefulness for the operation management field. Service Blueprint Example Rationale The draft above illustrates a service that allows customers to search for the cars that travel to a certain destination to share the cost of the ride and thus minimize the expenses associated with the trip. The online nature of the service means that throughout service use, the customer has few to no visible interactions with the company’s employees. Also, unlike similar services such as Uber, carpooling does not offer profit opportunities for customers with cars, so the involvement of various systems and regulations is minimal. Finally, the service is largely automated, relying on the algorithms and customer behavior pattern analysis, thus further decreasing the involvement of the employees. Nevertheless, the service blueprint offers several advantages for the operations managers. First, the success of the service at the initial stage depends on several factors that do not necessarily correspond to the activities performed by the company staff. For instance, the buildup of the customer base depends not only on the efforts of the marketing team but also on the perception of the audience formed by associated entities, such as the social media groups oriented at related activities (e.g. Couchsurfing) and tourism services that promote carpooling as one of the transportation options. Unless acknowledged early in the planning process, this issue may seriously impact the expected rate of customer base buildup. Next, several bottlenecks exist in the service establishment and implementation, such as the introduction of third-party data analysis services. While these options are not necessarily required, it is possible that they can play a definitive role in gaining a competitive advantage since without them the performance of the service will be determined mostly by the end-user proficiency with using service features. Without external guidance, such a situation contains significant risks and is unacceptable to be left unaddressed. Therefore, its priority needs to be determined at the planning stage and allocated adequate resources, which can be done much easier with the help of the blueprint at hand. Another useful feature that is offered by the blueprint is the clear presentation of the overall implementation sequence. It should be considered that coordination of the process is among the
Two female characters Nora from A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen and Elisa from The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck have many similar characteristics. Both are women who live with husbands who do not understand them and do not feel the things as women do. Both characters are intelligent women who need to change their life, but being brutalized by husbands, they do not know how to improve the life. However, there is also a number of differences in the characters’ behavior. One woman stays in the same place with the same conditions and another does away towards the new happy life. The story of John Steinbeck describes only one day of life of the character, while Henrik Ibsen uses three acts in order to provide the whole picture and to describe the rise of the conflict in details and its future culmination. One can notice that these two stories and their major female characters are similar, as they both face the similar circumstances; however, on the other hand, Nora and Elisa demonstrate different reactions on the circumstances that married life provides. The play A Doll’s House describes the nature of the relationship between husband and wife. Ibsen as the founder of realist drama uses the ideas, events and characters which are typical in the usual life. According to Goldman, the main ideas of this play are “the Social Lie and Duty” (1914). Ibsen provides the description of the social duty of woman in a home as the sacred institution. In the world ruled by men the place of women is at home. Some of people willingly accept this way; however, for other people such way of life can be a complicated challenge. The female character, Nora, seems deeper and more intelligent than her husband Torvald. The woman has many ideas, dreams and hopes; she wants to have better life and feels that all this routine of married life with Torvald kills her personality. She sees that her husband is not that person that she imagined. He is narcissistic and does not care about Nora, children or home. Nora’s enthusiasm does not allow her to be a simple house wife, a doll of her husband. Obviously, there are many women who can accept such way of life; however, Nora is not one of them. She is not a doll and she cannot live with someone who considers her as a doll, as a toy. Nora’s life seems complicated and painful. However, she struggles for her happiness. On the other hand, many people can say that in this situation Torvald is the real victim. It may be complicated to comprehend how woman could leave her children; however, for Nora, such method seems only one and right solution. She wants to survive in this world and to start the life from the new page. Ibsen does not provide the ideas about Nora’s future and what she is going to do, where to go and how to life. Nevertheless, the author emphasizes an importance of the personal choice in spite of life of a doll. A short story The Chrysanthemums describes a life of a strong and proud Elisa Allen. Although this woman has the outstanding principles, intellect, she is kind and well-behavior, her life is full of frustration and even sorrow. She cannot have a child and her husband loses his interest toward Elis