ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Blog is short for weblog, a term that came into use in the early years of the twenty-first century. Weblogs refer to specific pieces of information posted online by individuals wishing to share their thoughts, experiences, and concerns with others. The phenomenon of blogging changed the way consumers receive information updates. Blogs are usually the first sources of information on what celebrities are doing. Blogging is part of the current self-publishing wave that is overturning how people access written matter. Bloggers have carved a niche for themselves as part of the sources of information on the internet, which includes celebrity eWOM. Unlike conventional publications, blogs are not subjected to stringent grammar and style rules. Bloggers are free to decide on the level of strictness of the language they use in their blog. Many blogging platforms exist for online users who are interested in posting blogs. The two most common blogging platforms are WordPress and Blogger. These two providers allow bloggers to maintain blogs free, as long as the blogger retains the name of the service provider in their web address. Otherwise, a blogger who wants a unique web address pays for the service. Some blogs allow readers to register in order to receive notifications each time there is a new blog posted on the site. Many bloggers concentrate on celebrity eWOM as the subject matter of their blogs. In the recent years, marketers have started using blogs as part of their online marketing options. This comes from the ability of blogs to attract and retain the interest of customers in niche markets. Blogs do not have the feel of conventional advertisements. They look like articles or opinion pieces in news magazines. In this regard, a blog that reviews products gives marketers the opportunity to reach customers without being afraid that the customers will be repulsed. Customer repulsion is the phenomenon where customers ignore or tune out of advertisements that run on conventional media. The use of blogs for marketing is called article marketing. Popular blogs have articles on celebrity lifestyles. The main principle that guides article marketing is branding. An article may not ask consumers to buy a product. However, it can be written to compare the performance of two products. This is what creates brand space in the minds of consumers. If the article talks about celebrity lifestyles, it forms part of eWOM on luxury living. Therefore, the next time that such a consumer goes to buy the product, the consumer is likely to choose a brand encountered in an article or a blog. Blogs also have a sense of authenticity because they contain real life experiences. Bloggers share their experiences with readers, who use these experiences to make purchasing decisions. A good example of how blogs are affecting online marketing is the proliferation of travel blogs. Travelling is usua
Introduction Since ancient times heroic deeds by heroes and heroines have always been a part of our lives. Stories of warriors who gave their lives up for their people or their loved ones have made it to the box office as movies based on the lives of such persons. Heroism is not a profession but it is some form of extended generosity. Analysis The term hero arose from ancient Greek mythology and folklore. The term used to refer to some form of a demi-god, apparently the progeny of a deity and a mortal. Later on, the term hero and heroine were coined to refer to male and female characters that have shown or show the will of self-sacrifice and display courage in the face of adversity, danger or from a position of weakness. Etymologically the term hero is believed to be cognate with goddess Hera the guardian or defender of marriage. As human societies evolved over the years so has the legal framework that is meant to protect them. With increasing civilization, the laws have become increasingly restrictive that acts of heroism may and sometimes do result in prosecutable offenses. Indeed some acts of heroism have been criminalized as one man in the United Kingdom has found out. In deed, a 42-year-old fireman is at the centre of an international investigation being conducted by Tayside fire and rescue, for allegedly breaching safety rules after he attempted to rescue a drowning woman in the Tay River in Perth. Tam brown was surprised after coming out of the water having been there for over eight minutes. When brown resurfaced we has surprised when he was told by his employer that he had acted unprofessionally by risking his life. The young woman’s family and friends hailed tam brown a hero but on the other side of the score card the employer claimed that brown regardless of the fact that he had 15 years experience as a fire man he had broken the fire brigades ‘standing orders’ on safety procedures. Such incidences of heroism are becoming more and more common in different parts of the globe. These acts of extraordinary bravery and or heroism are increasingly being legally treated as acts of cowardice if indeed they are a way of not making a person a hero but instead a criminal Conclusion Being or acting, as a hero is a good thing. It is a way of serving the society, which has molded us over the centuries. With these new laws that are coming up day after day criminalizing acts of heroic standards will definitely reduce our urge to help. It is however; hard to understand why such laws are passed. Maybe it is for our own protection but it will soon, if not later be hard to explain to a victim’s family that their loved ones could have been saved from death. However, the only thing that denied them the chance is a law or a standing order that the family does not know even where it was signed.
Introduction The paper is an analysis of the symbolism of Rosina Lytton’s work which shows the gender disparities that existed in the Victorian Era exploring the theme of women and specifically wives whose husbands are public figures, and the pain such women had to undergo. The Analysis In the opening scene Mowbray beats his wife Julia. However, to conceal the acts of domestic violence her husband makes everyone believe that she has slipped on the floor and that it was an accident. Although the doctor has reservation about the accident, Julia concurs with her husband lies to the doctor about her cause of injury (Lytton 2). One of the symbols used in this book is a mask. At the beginning of the book, Julia has a mask which she wore. The mask represents the fact that the reality can be concealed so that it will not be seen as it is supposed to be. There are instances where Julia pretended that her marriage was happy even though it was not the case. For instance, when she learnt that her husband was having relationship with other women she pretended that it was not true (Lytton 10). In addition, she masks herself when she has been mistreated and physically injured by concealing that everything happened was an accident though it was not. Mowbray pretends that she loves Julia although it is not the case as his actions tell otherwise. He is aware that his marriage has problems but wants his way to stay with him and pretends that it is working so that he can gain political favors as a morally upright and family person (Lytton 18). The author’s symbolic use of mask at the beginning is seen later where the other author shows instances of what the wife is expected to do. The book details how Julia is forced to pretend that everything is well in her family even when she is mistreated. When her husband has other mistresses she is insulted verbally and physically (Lytton 7). The theme of this book is about women as well as how they were expected to play a secondary role to their husbands no matter their attitude towards their wives. They were expected to remain in their marriages with god-like patience even though it was hurting (Lytton 22). Men unlike women did not follow the same code of behavior and expectations by the society. Mowbray accuses her wife of ill temper as well as separation when his wife violently responds to him after finding him with a mistress (Lytton 27). Men expect their wives to be patient and silent when they mistreat them yet they tell everyone when they feel that their wives have wronged them as Mowbray did to Julia. Julia goes to the extent of giving her husband money to fund his extravagant lifestyle thinking that it would make him love her more but it results into more problems (Lytton 30). Conclusion The book has used irony as a key feature. The character presented in this book deserves an honor. The author has used the title as a symbolism to show that what people see may not always be real. She exposes the li
Introduction The “Crisis Economics: A Crash Course in the Future of Finance” book is generally divided into three parts according to the flow of information given. In the first few chapters, the authors discuss the general reasons that lead to the global recession. Here, the writers give their views with regard to policies and political influences that they think, may have been the cause of the economic meltdown. This information is well developed basing on concrete evidences that prove their arguments. The second part of the book talks about the current situation as the world experiences the economic meltdown. The economic crisis facing the world exposes the government’s unpreparedness for such an event. They argue that an economic downfall is predictable and common, citing the evidences of the countries affected by the same in the past. The third part of this book is about available options to avert a possible recurrence of the severe depression of the economy. Authors’ main contention Roubini and Mih insist that an economic downfall is a common situation although there is a remedy. They argue that big banks must face restrictions that will protect the economy from collapsing in case of bankruptcy. Roubini is specific in stating how the economy is exposed to risky eventualities by having big banks as well as large businesses. While splitting these giant enterprises may hamper business opportunities, they reduce the risks of an economic downfall. They argue that these businesses are not too huge to fail but at the same time, too big to exist, hence managing them becomes a multifaceted endeavor (Roubini and Mih, 36-37). This has a sensible backing when a careful thought on the extent in which the fall in the economy will affect them is given. Another contention the authors hold against the government is the budgetary debt and trade deficit, especially with regard to China. They argue that the current status is unsustainable for economic progress citing it as dangerous. They think that the government’s best move would be to correct and fix its fiscal policies as well as increase savings. Roubini and Mih lament that economists fail to give the proper solutions to deal with the crisis. They feel that the stakeholders in the field underestimate the economic crisis which only makes the situation worse. According to their view, the biggest tragedy is not in the rising commodity prices or falling of assets prices but in the escalating debt (Roubini and Mih, 39-42). The book’s strong points The most remarkable strength of this book is the fact that it is about a current situation in the global level which comes as a timely remedy for dealing with the crisis. The authors have outlined a very interesting research that draws attention of people from all walks of life. The boo
Introduction A family is a basic unit in society without which society would be non-existent. Marriage is imperative in the growth of a society, as through it, the family is built. One of the key purposes of marriage is procreation, which ensures the proliferation of society by bringing new individuals who contribute to its development. In the modern world, the institution of marriage and the issue of motherhood have experienced challenges due to changes in perception. This essay discusses the challenges that have affected motherhood, reproduction, and marriage. The role of mothers According to Crittenden (28), mothers perform a very significant role in society by rearing children, although they have been disadvantaged and exploited by the predominantly male society. Some mothers sacrifice their careers to bring up their children. The sacrifice notwithstanding, society does not recognize motherhood as an important duty like office-based careers, which explains why the role of a housewife is underrated and is even omitted in the gross domestic product. The perception of a housewife My perception of motherhood and particularly that of a housewife has been altered negatively due to a lack of appreciation by society, alongside challenges of exploitation attached to it. Educated women lose a lot of income “mommy tax” when they become mothers, this is because; once they give birth, they are often forced to quit their jobs as their working conditions become intolerable. This kind of exploitation also results from a lack of financial impartiality in marriage. This trend has discouraged many women from having children, where the majority opt to pursue their careers first. (Crittenden 236). Most women do not choose to stay at home as mothers. Some lack responsible caregivers who can bring their children up in upright ways. Though motherhood is admirable, it can be tough and at times involves making several sacrifices to raise children. On the other hand, the mother expects no reward from what she gives to the children. (Simone 484). This describes motherhood to be a non-rewarding task and a venue through which women channel their frustrations by caring for their children. Since time immemorial, motherhood has lacked magnitude within society. Housewives are not esteemed by society and are labeled as indolent people. High-level self centeredness Another challenge that has influenced my attitude is the high-level self-centeredness that exists in several marriages. De Beauvoir
It is well known that nowadays, due to the development of commercial activities, economic relations play a significant role in society. Therefore, it is crucial for people to understand fundamental economic concepts, especially for those who work in a trading environment. One of the most significant economic notions is exchange efficiency. Therefore, the main goal of this presentation is to provide the audience with all the necessary information about the meaning of exchange efficiency. Also, the reasons why it should be studied and why it matters will be discussed. In addition, the examples that show the value of exchange efficiency will be demonstrated. Exchange efficiency is one of the conditions of Pareto Optimality. Pareto Optimality is a concept that was invented by an Italian economist, Vilfredo Pareto. This concept is a state in the economy when any possible changes cannot make one person economically wealthier without worsening the economic situation of another individual (Zhu, Xu and Goodman, 2016, p. 299). It can be achieved when the economy is competitive and in a condition of equilibrium, which is also reached by the price balance. The price balance ensures that the revenue product, the opportunity cost, and the price of a resource are all equal. In these conditions, every item or service is in its most productive estate. As a result, there are no changes that can lead to higher productivity. In order to achieve this equilibrium, it is necessary to meet three requirements, namely, exchange efficiency, production efficiency, and output efficiency. In the context of this presentation, the focus will be on the first criteria, which is exchange efficiency. Exchange efficiency is a s
In a time when social negativism is constantly growing due to such phenomena as gender, racial and other types of discrimination sociologists determined that most cases promote not only interracial but in turn intraracial discrimination. This type of discrimination is vividly described in the examples of individuals living in a multinational society (Glenn 233). A man’s physical peculiarities as the color of skin and other parameters give birth to biases are a matter of identification. In fact, it is not rational due to the reasoning about the communication between individuals in the working and leisure domains of activities. Moreover, many people living in multinational soci8eties still suffer from the inability of others being of the same race to help or to cooperate due to some reasons of personal evaluation of people (Fuller 6). ‘FOBs’ vs. ‘Twinkies’: The New Discrimination is Intraracial by Grace Hsiang formulates rather an argumentative background to think of why such negative cases happen between individuals. When race represents no obstacle for communication, then such factors as age, appearance, acting under some circumstances becomes another reason for discrimination. Hsiyang (2005) emphasized that “in the Asian community, the
Unemployment in the US In the recent times, the issue of unemployment has taken a new dimension in the United States. This follows from the premise that the number of unemployed persons continue to rise. Since the 2007-2008 economic crisis, the state of the US economy has been undesirable. From that time, the US economy has failed to register meaningful growth or development. Although there were prospects that the economy would improve after the financial meltdown, the state has worsened. As Foroohar (2011) reckons, the Obama regime was on the verge of registering growth before discouraging data began emerging. Firstly, the increase in GDP was below the expected levels, as future forecasts did not show signs of improvement. Further, the housing industry revealed that prices were declining to levels that have never been experienced. In addition, levels of consumer spending were declining. When consumer spending falls, the manufacturing sector is negatively affected. Overall, unemployment rates are also likely to rise, as job creation continues to fall below the expected levels. Policy details After reflecting on the economic problems facing the United States, it is important to tackle the issue of unemployment in a bid to reign on its likely consequences. This is necessary since unemployment is becoming rampant among the youth in the United States. Towards addressing the concern, a policy option is proposed. The policy seeks to empower the youth before they graduate from colleges and schools. In this regard, the policy proposes the introduction of the subject of entrepreneurship in all disciplines of study. This should pave way for teaching
Overview of macroeconomic variables Gross domestic product The gross domestic product is a useful indicator of the status of the economy of a country. Measuring GDP is a challenge for economists all over the world because it is often difficult to quantify all the economic activities in the region. When analyzing the GDP of a country, it is important to distinguish between nominal and real GDP. Real GDP eliminates the effect of inflation, and it uses constant prices for the products. For those reasons, the real GDP is used when comparing the GDP for several years. Nominal GDP is the market value of the goods and services produced in that year using the same prices of the given year (Bortot, 2003). Therefore, the nominal GDP includes the effects of inflation on GDP. In addition, it is essential to use the real and nominal GDP per capita to account for population growth. This section will analyze the real and nominal GDP per capita of Argentina for the period of twenty-three years. Nominal GDP of Argentina The GDP of Argentina is erratic. According to the graph presented above, the GDP per capital amounted to $7415.903 per person in 1980. Its value then declined to $6540.54 per person in 1983. Then, it fluctuated between 1980 and 1991. Hence, the value of real GDP per capital was quite erratic. This was attributed to political instability in the country. This was due to the invasion by foreigners and lack of political structures. In particular, the country experienced hyperinflation in 1990 owing to rampant malpractices within the country. Ranging from massive evasion of tax by companies to money laundering, it became apparent that Argentine Peso had lacked competitiveness against the US dollar. This prompted massive unemployment levels leading to further deterioration of the economy. However, the national government through the Central Bank of Argentina was able to curb the high rates of inflation and restored the value of the country’s currency. As such, the country’s nominal GDP and real GDP grew substantially through the 1990s. By the end of the 20 th century, the country’s economy suffered unprecedented effects of violent protests, resignations and soaring national debt. According to various economists, the country was suffering from the impacts of monetary and economic policies that it had erected in the early 1990s in an attempt to curb negative economic growth (Bortot, 2003). By 2001, the country’s national debt increased tremendously surpassing 50% of the GDP. To curb the rising debt, the International Monetary Fund advocated that Argentina should erect austerity measures to attract foreign direct investments (FDI). While this was happening, the economic growth had stalled. GDP growth shrank by 0.8% while the interest rates increased to reach 20%. Due to bleak future of the economy, resignations became common. The country’s president Carlos Alvarez resigned. Other critical ministers also succumbed to the pressure from rioters and protest
Introduction The Wizard of Oz is associated with a children’s fairy tale and incredible characters. Despite this, if one watches this movie thoughtfully as an adult, one can see the fundamental questions, hidden meanings, and problems its creators raise (Wiranti et al., 2021). One of these things is an individual’s conscious attitude toward himself. Adequate evaluation of one’s abilities is the central leitmotif that runs throughout the film and allows the viewer to reflect on this subject, to find for himself questions on critical issues related to self-acceptance. The Individual’s Acceptance of Self as the Main Thought of the Work The mainline of The Wizard of Oz is the friendship of several characters that Dorothy Gale, a girl, finds on her way to solving difficulties. Nevertheless, the vital point that the filmmakers are trying to convey to the viewer is that all dreams are feasible, and their realization is not the result of some magical actions. It is something that everyone can do: a person does not need to go to a fairyland to find happiness and self-confidence because he already has it. Indeed, the adventures of the characters on their way to the Wizard convince the viewer that Scarecrow is not stupid, Tin Woodman is capable of love, and Lion is a brave beast. In addition, the ghostliness of magic is dispelled in the film: the Wizard turns out to be an ordinary older man speaking into a microphone (Fleming, 1939). Consequently, the viewer understands that the original qualities of the characters were manifested long before the magical gifts in the end. Conclusion The film raises the critical issue of self-acceptance, confidence, and self-love. The filmmakers want to convey that it makes no sense to chase something unrealistic. It is crucial to appreciate what humans already have, to develop and improve not for the well-being of others but for themselves. After going through the difficulties, the characters realize that everyone is unique in their talents and abilities. Nevertheless, there was no opportunity for situations to reveal them. Thus, everything has its time, so people should rationally and consciously approach their character features and find alternative ways to use them rather than concentrate on past failures.