ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Technical communication is a way of communication used to pass information about certain products through the internet, radio, papers and visual content to a specific audience. The communication agencies pass information and also create items through help, technical manuals, ways or procedures to prepare items, user manuals of certain electronics like calculators, and the items that need manuals. This is because when buying them you might not get somebody to explain how to operate them. Also, questionnaires are conducted in this form of communication. Technical communication is very much appreciated in this 21st century since the level of literacy is on the rise. Technical authorities include illustrators, writers, designers, architects, experienced trainers, user guides and editors. Technical communication originated in ancient Greece and the 20th century but the form of communication was seen to be improving and appreciated during and after the First World War as scripts containing technological things was very important in the manufacture of several things used during the war. In the United States two organizations; the society of technical writers and the association of technical writers and editors were formed and later came together to form the now known a society for technical communication. Also in the United Kingdom the institute of scientific and technical communicators was formed by bringing together three organizations namely the presentation of technical information group, institute of technical publicity and publications and institute of technical authors and illustrators. Technical communication may somehow be professional as the institutions or associations get those people who are experienced in certain areas to do the work for them or get the information they require from other technical institutions and organizations. It can also be regarded as a responsibility since the organization is primarily based on passing technical information to the audience who might need it for their own good. There are different ways of determining the purpose and audience of technical communication which mainly depends on how the audience interprets or reacts to a certain piece of work where the most common form of technical communication is writing. When identifying the audience many things involved with technical communication are affected, for example, word selection, graphics used and organization. The audience which is not technical may not understand some words used since it knows nothing about the work but the technical audience understands everything and even wants to read more for its own interests in the work being done. A busy audience may not also be able to read the whole manual or documents because of time hence the contents hav
Rhabdomyolysis: Reason for Selection and Definition Rhabdomyolysis is the topic of today’s presentation, which is going to discuss the statistics, history, epidemiology, financial burden, physiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the illness. The primary reason why rhabdomyolysis has been selected as the topic is the connection of this condition to the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus two infraction, or simply COVID-19. The start of the global pandemic in Wuhan, China, has attracted a great deal of attention due to the tragic consequences of the virus’ spread. Viral infection is often an inducing factor in cases of rhabdomyolysis, which is why the number of cases of rhabdomyolysis has increased significantly since the beginning of 2020 (Jin & Tong, 2020). Rhabdomyolysis can be defined as “an interdisciplinary condition due to muscle cell injury followed by the release of cell components into circulation,” according to Stahl, Rastrelli, and Schoser (2019, p. 887). History In regards to history, research suggests that the first description of rhabdomyolysis is actually in the text of the Bible. Cabral et al. (2020) note that in the Book of Exodus, the entirety of the Jewish population is exposed to toxins, which cause muscle dissolution. However, the majority of the knowledge medics have about the condition currently stems from the work of Edmond Sergent (Aleckovic-Halilovic et al., 2021). In the 1940s, he managed to provide a detailed description of the case of an Algerian man suffering from rhabdomyolysis. Statistics As for the statistics, an estimated 25,000 cases of rhabdomyolysis are reported annually in the United States alone (Stanley et al., 2020). Research suggests that “the prevalence of acute kidney injury in rhabdomyolysis is about 5 to 30%” (Stanley et al., 2021, para. 11). The mortality rate associated with the condition is 20%, although it increases substantially up to 50% in cases of kidney injury. 30% of cases of rhabdomyolysis in children are caused by infection, which makes it the most common cause of the condition in children. Epidemiology The incidence of rhabdomyolysis increases in the military and among the professional athlete population due to the strenuous physical activity being one of the primary contributing factors to the development of the disease. The incidence has grown 4-fold from 2011 to 2014 (Knafl et al., 2018). An upward trend is recognized by researchers. One of the studies found that “the frequency of p
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to create a mini-management plan for Cyber Software Incorporated. The plan is expected to help the CEO of the company to solve organizational problems. The plan will begin with a discussion on the vision and mission statements of the company. This will be followed by a discussion on the organizational structure that the company should adopt. Moreover, the culture that suits the chosen organizational structure will be discussed. The last part of the plan will focus on how changes in the POLC framework will prevent future mishaps. Vision and Mission The vision of the company is to be the leading developer of the most trusted cyber protection products in the US. The CEO envisions a company that is always at the cutting edge of the industry to win the trust of its customers. The vision statement supports this aspiration by motivating employees and the management to develop the best products. The vision statement is appropriate because it provides a clear basis for goal congruence. Currently, the company lacks goal congruence since its software developers have divergent opinions concerning the most effective course of action or objective to pursue. The vision statement will align everyone’s efforts to the goal of making Cyber Software, the leading company in its industry. The mission of the company is to use the most advanced technologies to develop better software and cleanup procedures to keep customers’ information safe. The mission statement is appropriate because it clearly indicates the purpose of the company. It emphasizes the CEO’s belief that the company must always improve its products (software) and establish damage control procedures. Thus, it enables employees to realize that all their decisions and actions must focus on product improvement to ensure customer satisfaction. This will lead to the achievement of the market leadership envisioned by the CEO (Jeffs, 2008). Organizational Structure Democratic Hierarchy Cyber Software should adopt a democratic hierarchical organizational structure. This means that the CEO will be the final authority in the company. However, the CEO and managers at various levels will consult employees before making decisions that affect them. A democratic hierarchy will benefit the company in the following ways. First, it will provide a clear reporting structure (Cameron & Quinn, 2011). The structure will define the scope of employees’ authority and responsibilities at various levels of management. This will improve efficiency by preventing employees from covering similar ground. Specifically, it will eliminate role duplication (Jeffs, 2008). Second, the structure will facilitate cooperation among the strong personalities that have emerged in various divisions. The structure is characterized by a chain o
The architecture of any period and any culture has remarkable masterpieces which strike with their beauty and have an immense historical value. Hagia Sophia is one of such masterpieces for it is the best example of Early Christian and Byzantine architecture. Hundreds of years that have passed since the day of its construction did not manage to wash away its beauty and only contributed more to its historical and architectural value. Hagia Sophia deserves to be called a perfect example of Byzantine architecture which was constructed under the influence of Early Christianity; structurally, it was also influenced by Roman culture with its architectural importance consisting in using new methods of supporting the dome. What should be mentioned above all is that Hagia Sophia is a creation of Byzantine architecture inspired by Early Christianity. The influence of Early Christianity on architecture was immense. It is remarkable that before Constantine became Emperor in the fourth century, Christianity was ardently persecuted. After Constantine’s conversion to Christianity, it was made the state religion which started influencing Byzantine architecture and later spread onto Medieval and Renaissance architecture as well. Hagia Sophia is an example of an architectural masterpiece influenced by Early Christianity for its design is the result of modifications and perfections of the churches which were built in the times of Constantine’s ruling. As far as the architectural design of Hagia Sophia is concerned, it has been largely affected by Roman architecture for, in times when the church was constructed, Byzantium was strongly influenced by the Roman culture. This is the main reason why Hagia Sophia combines elements of Roman and Byzantine architecture, though the elements of the latter are more numerous. Thus, for instance, “the “walls” in Hagia Sophia are concealed … piers [which] indicates that the architects sought Roman monumentality as an effect and did not design the building according to Roman principles” (Gardner, Kleiner, and Mamiya 251). This is why Hagia Sophia may be considered as a masterpiece of namely Byzantine, rather than Roman architecture. Finally, the architectural importance of Hagia Sophia is hard to overestimate. These days Hagia Sophia is fairly referred to as the greatest masterpiece of Byzantine architecture. It was the first building of its kind that was constructed with the use of pendentives which join “to form a ring of four arches whose planes bound a square. The weight of the dome is thus transferred not to the walls but rather through the pendentives and arches to th
Introduction Ethical theories can be defined as foundations for scrutiny of good behavior which are meant for directing the decision-making process in any business organization. For any business to run successfully all the stakeholders are expected to have morals that guide them towards the set goals. These theories are important and they enable one to act in a way not to harm others or benefit him/her, but for the well-being of all. They are therefore important for the success of any business as they call for ethical values and help in solving difficulties that may be encountered. Business Ethics Course Reflection This course has been useful to me because it has helped me understand the idea behind the success of any business. I have learned that all actions should be directed to the well being of many or all and that justice and fairness should be embraced. Also, all steps taken should be to improve the current situation causing no harm to anyone, and no intention of benefiting oneself should be entertained in any transaction. I have also learned that various ethical theories exist and that some, such as utilitarian and Deontological yield benefits though they may have flaws but implementing them help one achieve set goals. During the sessions, I managed to get various important values that are useful in carrying out transactions and how effective to implement them. Firstly, an insight into what these ethics are was gotten and how a few of them such as Utilitarian and Deontological work. Secondly, coverage on how these important foundations should provide security to the development of any private information was done. Currently, with the development of technology, and especially the internet, many vices have also emerged such as hacking and other computer crimes that are carried out to access confidential information such as bank account numbers, debit and credit card passwords, and other important information. These crimes are detrimental to any business and security measures are important to safeguard these data to ensure the confidence of all the partners involved. Lastly, the role of the society in technological advancement was addressed and the integration of the ideas got done. These steps were great towards achieving the course objectives but I feel practical secessions presentations of real-life experiences could have incorporated to boost more understanding of the topics. A comparison of all the theories should have been considered, not only the two. Evaluation test based on the theories applications in various situations was to be part of the course work to promote a broader understanding of the topics. Although coverage of the course outline was successful, I did not get in detail the implementation of some of the topics such as ethical dimensions applied in social marketing on the internet, how ethical dimensions help protect private information about individuals on the computer and the role of foundations in the development of products from in
Background Marketing entails all those activities that precipitate the knowledge on the availability of certain products and services so that appropriate levels of production can be attained in accordance to the movements in demand and supply. It may also feature the strategic movement of finished goods and services to various points of sale as dictated by demand. Teejays bid to engage in international marketing will largely depend on the entry mode as well as choice of international market (IMEM). Hence, the management at Teejay will have to plan and strategize between competing expansions. It is against this background that the management may be faced with tough decisions involving entry strategies in international market. To be precise, such choices significantly rely on managerial philosophy, firm resources and nature of the market that Teejay will be interested to venture in future. In international marketing portfolio, international evolution of a firm marks the early stage of its entry mode. At this point, establishment chain and/or internationalization approach via foreign direct investment forms a sequence of entry mode from indirect export (Alvarez, 2004). Teejay will also have to make use of both theoretical and practical approaches when entering international market. Several theories have been used to establish the entry of firms into the international market and to study internationalization of both small and large multinational and exporter firms. Such theories include strategic behavior theory, eclectic theory, transaction cost analysis theory and resource advantage theory. When it comes to focusing efforts on international markets, Teejay’s management will have to exhibit diverse biases based on prior experiences or educational backgrounds in different countries. Additionally, due to competition and fear of losing out to local marketers, some entrepreneurs prefer local markets (Buckley, 2002). However, research studies points out that through international expansion, the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can be improved. In addition, many managers are endowed with tactic knowledge which they can use to leverage opportunities in the international market. Competition as a challenge in international marketing In the global market, making a new entry can be both exhilarating and fun. However, due to intensive competition and increasing uncertainty, companies that have sustainable a
The Role of Cognitive Development and Egocentrism in Relation to Adolescent Decision Making The peculiarities of the adolescence’s thinking usually form during the process of cognitive development which consists of several stages. “Although egocentrism is typically evident at the beginning of adolescence, intuition in the middle, and logic at the end, any one of these forms of cognition may appear in any adolescent at any time” (Berger, 2009, p. 443). Thus, adolescents can experience some difficulties when it is necessary to solve definite problems or to make right decisions. They are inclined to concentrate on those emotions and feelings which the decision making process can provide. The level of their objectivity in this situation is rather low. “Adolescents are much more self-focused and hypersensitive than are older people” (Berger, 2009, p. 446). It is important to teach adolescents how to cope with their problems effectively with the help of their logics and critical thinking skills but not emotions. “Adolescents find it much easier and quicker to forget about logic and follow their impulses” (Berger, 2009, p. 450). The problem is in the fact the results of such impulses can be crucial for the adolescents’ future. Those high school students who face the problems in their studying process or their interactions with the classmates and teachers can decide to drop out of school. The decision can be considered as the quickest and the most effective way to cope with problems (Lan & Lanthier, 2003). However, this opinion is rather wrong, and the task of teachers and psychologists is to cooperate with students at risk in order to prevent such situations. There are a lot of causes for students’ dropping out of school. Many of them depend on the peculiarities and conditions of the home and school environment which are apprehended as hostile (Lan & Lanthier, 2003). It is possible to decrease this tendency if teachers and psychologists react appropriately. It is necessary to pay attention to the needs of students at risk, to the peculiarities of their interactions with other people and to the features of their awareness of themselves as personalities. Students should have the opportunity to feel the support. That is why it is necessary to develop their abilities of self-control and self-motivation with the help of different techniques and trainings such as role-playing. The situation at multi-ethnic high schools can be considered as more problematic. The problems of students at multi-ethic high schools are mostly connected with social and economic issues where the family income and social status play the most important role in students’ everyday competition. The so
Introduction Leadership remains a major subject of discussion and of special interest. This is based on the fact that leaders bear a lot of responsibilities with regard to the progress and overall success of a project, business or running of an institution. Leadership begins with oneself before extending to teams, institutions and regions. While leadership remains a major topic of concern, the need for understanding the structure of leadership is of immense significance. It allows us to interact with middle managers who are key performance players in any leadership structure. This paper addresses the issue of middle leaders by critically synthesizing their challenges and expounding on some of the ways in which they are professionally equipped to deal with these challenges. To achieve this target, reference has been made from reputable and authentic authors and publications. Research Objectives The following are the objectives of this analysis with reference to the subject matter:   * To describe middle leaders in terms of their functions and characteristics   * To investigate major challenges facing middle leaders and how these challenges affect their performance   * To analyze the extent to which middle leaders are professionally equipped to deal with leadership challenges facing them Middle Leaders Who are middle leaders? Within the context of a school, a middle leader can the described as one who is in charge of major subjects, pastoral services and major phases among others. They may be involved in the leadership of the school or and even in other schools. Jeevan argued middle leaders play a pivotal role in ensuring the success of any institution or business organization. In his research, Middle Leaders Face in Raising Achievement , he noted that successful middle leaders are those who are able to connect between being a great teacher and the drive to achieve as a t
Introduction Executive Summary Since its establishment in 1962 by Walton, Wal-mart has been expanding gradually and beating other stores to become one of the largest stores in America and later becoming global. However the company has also suffered its own share of problems especially concerning labor and employee rights as well as the type of products it sells. The company has had an anti-union and low salary policy and this has seen the company face lawsuits among them discrimination against women (Bianco & Zellner, 2003, p. 101). These problems have threatened the reputation of the organization and have brought more criticism about the company’s effort to offer low priced product to its clients. The Situation The study takes into account the position of Wal-mart by 2006, the way it managed its partners, consumers and managers as well as problems to these groups of stakeholders. The nature of the industry in which this company operates, its organizational background and various strategies that the firms has already employed in attaining greater sales and profitability are also important part of this analysis (Bianco & Zellner, 2003, p. 100). This study is however limited to secondary information that is collected from business magazine and report about the company. The general problems of the company has been that despite the recognition that the modern world competitiveness requires a company to aggressively seek opportunities and exploit resources and be adaptable to the dynamic environment, it must also be responsible. This is because all the stakeholders expect that the good performance is not exploitative the main resource which is the workers (Camerius & Hunger, 2006, p. 743). The specific problem in Wal-mart has been the low cost strategy benefit to its clients, however, the firms has had to deal with numerous accusations of unfair dealings with its clients, suppliers, competitors, workers and partners (McGinn, 2005, p. 42). These arguments that are somehow conflicting concerning the business practice of Wal-mart bring a lot of doubt about ranking the organization has a high performance organization. Moreover, regardless of the widespread scholarly and non-scholarly articles concerning the case of Wal-mart there has been very little study conducted to examine the company by use of theoretical framework for high performing companies (Camerius & Hunger, 2006, p. 743). It is very tricky to handle this subject because the very activities and operations that have enabled the company to succeed have been the cause of its criticism as well. A wider assortment of products, courteous service to the customers and low-priced goods as the strategies applied (McGinn, 2005, p. 42). Following these flaks, the United Food and Commercial workers union asserted that the company could only manage to provide low prices compared to its competitors by exploiting its workers by giving the meager pay and subst