ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Purpose The purpose of the program is to introduce students to the water cycle systems, stages, and importance. Program length: 2 weeks Maximum Student number: 20 Goals and Objectives The students will:  1. Define and understand the water cycle. The students should understand that the cycle is a continuous phenomenon and name places where water is found on the surface of the earth.  2. State reasons for water conservation. The students should mention water usage at home to understand its importance.  3. Understand the role of the water cycle within the universe system. The student should be able to define and explain the water cycle stages. Describe ways of water conservation This module is intended for grade-5 Teacher background The water cycle is a cyclic pattern of water from the sea to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. The heat from the sun strikes the earth causing evaporation of the surface water. This water rises in the form of vapor to the cooler atmosphere where it condenses to a liquid form that falls back to the earth’s surface in the form of rain or snow if solidifies. The overview The students will demonstrate the water cycle stages that are; evaporation, condensation, precipitation, water runoff, and soil moisture through activities. Introduction The teacher can come up with a repetitive song made up of the basic terms in the water cycle such as condensation, evaporation, and precipitation to entice the students so that they can remember the terms. The teacher should then engage the students in a discussion about their to understand their basic knowledge about the topic. Some of the questions to ask include:   * What is rain?   * What are clouds?   * What is the source of the ground? After the discussion the explain to the students how every next step of learning would enable them to understand the topic. Setting up activities The teacher should involve at least three students in the activity preparation to enable them to feel involved as these will promote their attention to learn. If the practical materials are enough, students are divided into working groups according to the number of the activity stations and allowed to rotate from one station to the next. This approach will ensure that all the students are in close contact with the materials for a better understanding of the activity. Similarly, the teacher can handle the students collectively if the available materials are limited to group work. Water cycle Ask the students to name some of the areas on earth that water can be found. Ask them to help draw them (clouds, groundwater, soil, lakes, animals, oceans, plants, rivers, and glaciers). Define and explain to the student the water cycle. Before introducing the water cycle processes, here are some of the questions to
Staffing and recruitment are essential aspects of effective management in organizations. During recruitments, managements have to apply numerous selection options that meet the requirements of the vacant positions. Various managements do not only utilize criterion-related validity and content validity in selecting suitable personnel but also utilize face validity (Validity of Selection Method, n.d.). In these categories of validity, there are minimum qualifications that the recruitment team has to adhere to in order to enhance diversity in the entire staff. Workforce diversity plays a key role in improving the overall image of an organization given the current rates of globalization. The current dynamism in the market also requires a diverse workforce that understands the needs of all potential customers, as they are composed of different age gaps, gender, races, and religions. Companies need to establish deep insights on their goals so that they represent diversified perspectives. In preparing a staff to accept a diversified workforce, an organization has to alter its organizational behavior first. Such moves make firms to tap and utilize talents of employees from different background thus enabling them to gain competitive edge over their competitors in the market. This treatise develops the application of different validity strategies in recruitment and selection, especially the use of criterion-related validity type in an organization. Besides, the research paper evaluates the benefits that accrue to a firm that applies diversity programs in staffing. From an organization’s point of view, employees’ level of work performance remains an essential concern. Companies, therefore, have to influence the overall performance of their employees through inclusive selection strategies. A person’s ability and the effort he/she can put forth determine an employee’s work performance. Work performance is a direct reflection of an organization’s success as it will be able to reach its strategic objectives. Selection is a process by which organization’s specialists collect and evaluate various data about an individual in order to grant or extend an employment offer. This process has to follow some ethical and legal requirements in addressing the interests of both the employer and employee. Under data collection and evaluation, specialists select those who have appropriate abilities, skills, and knowledge form a pool of applicants. Staffing, on the other hand, involves a systematic process of filling and keeping an eye on positions within a firm (Gatewood, Field & Barrick, 2010). Therefore, staffing is abroad subject that entails recruitment, selection, training, work performance, and succession amongst others. HRM, therefore, must develop effective selection programs, as it forms the core of staffing subject. Diversity in staffing has been a great concern for many companies and institutions that desire to attract and retain the right people, who are talented and culturally competent. Notably, the competency of the new staff must link directly with the expected p
A cultural anthropologist is usually tasked with studying the behaviour and beliefs of different people in a given society. Such a job would require learning the ways of life of different groups in a given society categorised on the basis of social practices and beliefs, ethnicity or age or gender (Lenkeit 15 – 20). However, when employed by a given company of organization, a cultural anthropologist will be tasked to carry out his or her duties in line with the employer’s guidelines, goals and objectives. Thus, his or her efforts should be geared towards giving workable recommendations to the employer in as a far as how culture is shaped or how it shapes the world around the group under study. The importance of a cultural anthropologist cannot be underscored in any organization especially for a growing company that wants to expand into the international market. This is because culture is not only learned, but it also shared across and within the geographical boundaries. Thus, for a growing company to break into the international market, it is imperative that they employ a cultural anthropologist who would offer them valuable information regarding their new and projected clienteles whose everyday lives are shaped by their cultural practices and behaviours. The hiring of a cultural anthropologist by an aspiring company is justifiable since it is through such an employee that the company will be able to learn the cultural practices and behaviours of the new international market. Together with other factors, cultural practices and behaviours is a major factor when it comes to the acceptance or rejection of a particular product or business practice by various groups of people. Hence, the insight that comes with the information provided by the cultural anthropologist would go a long way in preventing conflict between the company and its employees and also with the would-be customers. A cultural anthropologist would help a business decide on what products to sell in a particular environment and also helps the company in deciding the target group while designing a product. Thus, a cultural anthropologist would help in fine tuning the business goals and objectives in a particular environment especially if the business is new like in the case of a growing company trying to break through into the international market. It would be suicidal for any company trying to break into the international market without having a proper understanding of the cultural behaviours and beliefs of their target market since the international market is very dynamic and with a very complex culture (Peters-Golden 111 – 180). The main aim of setting up a business is profit maximization thus it is very important for the management of any business to channel as much resources as they can towards this uphill task. To achieve this, the management needs to understand the target customer thus the need for hiring a cultural anthropologist who would carry out intensive and extensive research on the target group. T
Since the dawn of civilization, the notion of health has always been an integral part of human life and daily functioning. However, over the years, the concept itself has become relatively advanced in terms of its constituents. Previously, the idea of the healthy person tackled the physical aspect of an individual’s well-being solely. Thus, as far as healthcare interventions were concerned, the patient’s state used to be evaluated through the prism of either presence or absence of a physical health hazard (Badash et al., 2017). As a result, the nurse’s role was limited to medical interventions and patients’ supervision. However, in the past decades, the rapid expansion of the health semantics and the introduction of public health as a vital part of health care have led to the complete modification of the nurse’s role in the setting. One of the most significant milestones in the health concept is the inclusion of emotional well-being and the patient’s environment as crucial for the treatment plan. Thus, to promote the well-being of a patient, practitioners should now take into account a variety of external factors and address them. The issue especially concerns public advocacy for both physical and mental aspects. If previously, health promotion was regarded exclusively as means of survival, today’s term interpretation advocates for living one’s daily life as happily as possible in terms of health state (Badash et al., 2017). For this reason, nurses are to pay close attention to the patterns of people’s lifestyles to promote well-being through empirically proven data. In such a way, the notion of health loses its negative connotation associated with treatment and medical facilities and shifts towards health embracement daily. Reference Badash, I., Kleinman, N. P., Barr, S., Jang, J., Rahman, S., & Wu, B. W. (2017). Redefining health: The evolution of health ideas from antiquity to the era of value-based care. Cureus , 9 (2).
Introduction Death is a natural occurrence that is unavoidable. Olver defines death as the end of the connection between a soul and a physical body (5). Philosophers, scholars, and religious leaders have been examining the problem of death in an attempt to understand it vividly. The common agreement among societies and individuals across the world is that death is not a pleasant thing. This reason explains why the greatest number of people would not wish to die. Patients suffering from terminal illnesses are usually grieved, unhappy, and discontented. Although it would be better to die than to continue suffering, the affected people acknowledge that death is something unwelcome. This discussion offers solid arguments to explain why death is appalling. Why Death is Bad: Supportive Arguments To begin with, Rogers acknowledges that death is painful and capable of affecting the lives of many people (28). In order to support this argument, he presents a number of reasons that are relevant, applicable, and meaningful. Death is something that puts an end to an individual’s life. This indicates that whatever is good in a person’s life becomes nothing (or obsolete) after death. More often than not, many people die prematurely before they can achieve their potential in life. The affected individuals will be unable to enjoy life or pursue their agendas or unfinished businesses. A person’s future is important because it results in fulfillment or contentment. Death, therefore, explains why people cannot achieve such fulfillments. Different religious teachings and faiths explain the origin, impact, and nature of death. For example, Christians and Muslims believe that death is a form of punishment designed by God. The first death on earth, according to the Holy Bible, was intended to penalize mankind for disobedience (Bradley et al. 12). It is, therefore, evident that God cursed man and placed him on this mandatory path. Similar notions are held by different religious groups across the world. With this kind of understanding, it would be agreeable that death was devised as an ill-guided idea from the very beginning. The process of living is described by many scholars as an end by itself. It is evident that there is something good or meaningful about life. Human beings realize that death is dreadful since it brings an end to their purposes in life (Bradley et al. 19). People who die are transferred to an unknown world. Human beings are usually unable to explain the true nature of life after death. Consequently, a large number of philosophers continue to use this understanding to explain why the dying process is bad. Every human being has unique reasons for having a good life. This means that there are selfish reasons presented to explain why people would not want to die. In fact, many individuals would want to live for the longest time possible (Bradley et al. 39). When they do, they can organize their goals, take care of their children, and support those who benef
Introduction The red deer is one of the native wild animals in Ireland. The red deer roamed freely in large numbers across the country during the ancient days. The clearance of forests across Ireland in the 18 th century fuelled the decrease of the red deer by an unparalleled margin. However, the numbers increased in the 19 th century due to protection measures adopted by the national parks in the country and translocations from other countries. The Irish government and the wildlife service have taken steps to protect this unique species. Hunting has been illegalized in some parts while in others a license is required before any hunting expedition. The red deer spends most of the time feeding and it has the ability of maintaining fat reserves to use during the winter season when there is scarcity of food. However, this species is facing extinction due to a variety of reasons that will be discussed in this essay. Scientific classification The scientific name for red deer is “ Cervus elaphus in Phylum – Chordata, Class – Mammalia, Order – Artiodactyla, Family – Cervidae, Genus – Odocoileus, and Species – virginianus” (McDevitt et al. 266). Physical description The red deer as the name suggests has a red coat on the skin. A stag weighs about 190kgs while a mature female deer weighs about 110kgs (Lowe and Gardiner 556). The color of the red deer depends on the season. During the summer season, the deer is reddish brown in color. The red color vanishes during the winter season and it is r
Dorothy Johnson proposed her behavioral system model in 1968 to move away from the concept of human needs and ideas about a person in medical practice. She determined the role of each of a patient’s 7 subsystems in his or her effort to achieve certain goals based on past experience. The result of this effort depends on how the patient perceives their behavior and how they understand their ability to change it. Zaccagnini and Pechacek (2021) explain that “the person is a behavioral system existing within an environment of multiple components, and the human or system interacts with the environment in various ways” (p. 17). Johnson’s model distinguishes between two main types of human behavior: adjustment caused by actions and objects directly around a person, and the attitude created by past habits. An illness or lifestyle changes can unbalance the subsystems of human behavior, therefore, nursing care should be aimed at restoring that balance. According to Johnson, imbalance in one subsystem affects the interrelated subsystems. However, to establish a proper algorithm of nursing intervention, the nurse has to assess the condition of each subsystem of the patient’s behavior. The nursing assessment should be carried out in two stages. Firstly, the nurse have to define whether the patient’s behavior suggests an imbalance in any subsystem. Secondly, if a disproportion has manifested, the nurse should determine what changes caused it – functional or organic. A good example of such assessment would be the case of a young man at a hospital, who, despite having his leg broken, does not want to use the crutches to walk. Moreover, he is not willing to allow his wife to interfere and help, as he claims it is her who is guilty of this injury. Here, the nurse should begin the assessment with looking if there are violations in the patient’s aggressive and dependent subsystems. Subsequently, the nurse will have to decide the direction of the medical intervention. In order to do this, she needs to gather valuable data about the young man’s behavior from other people related to the case. In particular, for that case, the sister has to find out whether the young man has experienced an excessive anxiety regarding his safety or any unpleasant interference from his wife in the past. If it did happen, then the patient has organic causes. Otherwise, if
Introduction Education is an important step through which learners acquire knowledge and skills in a variety of subjects. This knowledge is important in the psychological development of these learners because it allows them obtain necessary intellect that pertaining to the subjects they learn. These skills could be of great importance once they become older. Childhood is one of the most important stages of human development and as such, children should be nurtured delicately for them to get the best out of their abilities. Therefore, children should be allowed to learn within an environment, which can help to bring out their best talents and abilities while they are still very young to make them grow up effectively. There is an urgent need for the education system to be more responsive to the needs of these children in order to nurture and harness their abilities effectively. This would enable them excel in their fields of specialization later on in life. Theory of multiple intelligences by Howard Gardner The theory of multiple intelligences is one that has had a great impact on educational and growth values as far as early childhood education is concerned. This theory, as proposed by Howard Gardner (2006), views education as the practice through which societal problems can be solved through ways that cherish cultural setting within which that education is being offered. Therefore, education according to Gardner (2006) must have the ability to come up with products that can have a lasting impact on cultural advancement of a particular society. The potential of children who are taught within such a system can therefore be assessed based on cultural beliefs and attitudes that exist within a particular culture. The intelligences offered within that culture will be mainly reliant on the types of opportunities that are dominant in that culture and the level of influence other society members have on learners regarding these opportunities (Gardner, 2006). Societal members can include teachers, families and other individuals who play a big part in making decisions that govern how education system is run. Gardner’s theories advance the belief that each set of human beings has unique intelligences, which combi
According to Edgar Allen Poe, widely recognized for his involvement in the development of the short story genre, short stories are tales that can be read in a single sitting, providing the reader with all the impact of immediacy in relating its ideas (Poe, 1914). It was also Poe, as the master of the form, who illustrated the tremendous degree to which symbols might be employed in the telling of a story to heighten the intended effect of the author. As a result of these techniques, short stories have a way of conveying sometimes very complex thoughts in very simple and understandable terms that appeal to more levels of understanding than mere intellect. Anything within the story can provide symbols or clues as to the underlying theme or message of the story. Symbols can be as obvious as a great building or as subtle as the narrative tone or contrasts made. By carefully constructing the symbolism conveyed through these techniques, writers are able to question much of our assumed knowledge by forcing us to take a new look at an old idea. An example of this can be found in Raymond Carver’s short story “Cathedral”. In this story, Carver questions our assumptions about vision, what it is, and what is important for us to see by using narration, imagery, and contrast to bring his character from shallow living to transcendent understanding. The story conveys the events of a single evening in the home of a childless couple as they receive a visitor. The man in the couple is the narrator of the story and quickly reveals himself to be a blue-collar worker, rarely thinking beyond his relatively narrow comfort zone. His wife is more open to new experiences and has invited a man to the house for the evening with whom she used to work. This man is blind and has recently lost his wife. The entire story revolves around the narrator’s reaction to this visit and what he does throughout the evening to try to cope with entertaining a blind man. In the end, the narrator discovers that there is more than one way of seeing and transcends his former understanding of mental, spiritual, and emotional pain. This is characteristic of the author’s later characters, “His characters are given a glimmer of hope, the potential to transcend their squalid lives and find something more meaningful and sacred in spirituality” (O’Connell, 2003). Although the narrator begins the story at a level of base superficial understanding, he ends the story with a transcendent understanding that life is enriched with new experiences and higher planes of thought. The concept of transcendentalism is often difficult to describe. One of the common characteristics of the movement is a general attempt to create a better world by refocusing on what it truly means to