ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In his book “I Hate the Internet,” Kobek uncovered the ugly sides of the Web loved and admired by everyone today, especially by the younger generation. As pointed out by the National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC), the teenagers and children growing up in the contemporary world represent an online population (2). This statement particularly means that the youth tends to spend a lot of time online and using their digital devices for various purposes such as education, information, entertainment, and communication. It goes without saying that the rapid development of technologies and the emergence of the World Wide Web has become very beneficial for modern society; however, alongside the advantages offered by this technological breakthrough, there exists a broad range of disadvantages, risks, and harmful impacts facilitated by it. Unfortunately, spending a lot of time on the Internet, modern teenagers become extremely vulnerable to these negative effects. One such effect is cyberbullying. Being a variation of regular bullying and a rather common phenomenon online, cyberbullying tends to have a number of very strong adverse effects on teenagers, facilitating depressions, social isolation, fear, and stress; however, there exist different ways in which cyberbullying can be addressed by parents, law enforcement, and victims. Cyberbullying as a Phenomenon Bullying, in its regular forms, is known to be one of the common behaviors among adolescents and teenagers (Hinduja and Patchin 2). Bullying includes the behaviors that are initiated for the purpose of humiliating, hurting, or scaring the individuals at whom they are directed. Bullying can be of both emotional and physical nature. According to the report of the Anti-Defamation League, at least 22% of schools children aged 12 to 18 admit being bullied by their peers (1). The teenagers usually report such forms of regular bullying as mocking and name-calling (13.6% prevalence), gossip and rumors (13.2%), exclusion (4.5%), physical assaults (pushing, tripping, spitting) (6%), threats (3.9%), and the destruction of personal property (1.6%) (Anti-Defamation League 1). When it comes to the phenomenon of cyberbullying, it is important to note that this term is relatively new and did not exist ten years ago (Notar et al. 1). Cyberbullying is defined as “the intentional and repeated mistreatment of others through the use of technology, such a
Civil discourse is not only a verbal method of transmitting information but also a tool for solving personal problems or generating new meanings. The last significant personal discussion was on civilization’s topic, namely, what would come after postmodernism. It can be said that postmodernism is the current cultural and philosophical paradigm that determines the structure and content of various fundamental ideas and arts. This essay aims to describe the conclusion reached by the author after the last civil discourse. Many philosophers and other humanitarian specialists believe that the modern global society in general and the Western world in particular lives in the paradigm of postmodernism. Postmodern ideas imply the individual’s liberation from all traditions, moral norms, and objective reality. Postmodernism suggests that culture is a multidimensional phenomenon, where there is no single cultural pattern or trend. Such a concept creates difficulties in answering the question of what might be the next cultural climate. During the civil discourse, it was found out that each subsequent cultural model denied the previous one while offering something new. For example, postmodernism’s chaos and irrationalism are a natural denial of modernism’s order and rationalism. Therefore, the next cultural paradigm will deny the diversity of multiple ideas and the subjective perspective, but from a new, previously unbalanced perspective. This essay is a description of civil discourse on how the cultural climate will look like after the postmodernism era. It was found out that the change of cultural paradigms occurs on the principle of logical denial of the previous cultural model along with the introduction of new ideas. It means that after-postmodernism will deny the concepts of subversion, chaos, and subjectivity. It is important to note that this reasoning is more appealing to the Western philosophical school.
Model Nation in the Chinese Revolution In essence, Japan was a good example to serve as a basis for the Chinese’s revolution (Lynch 87). Sun showed this explicitly by demonstrating how Japan was able to break from European powers that had colonized them. They became an independent nation after abolishing unequal treaties that were in existence between Japan and the foreign European countries. Japan is the only independent country being completely non-dependent to the European countries with a mastery of Europe’s military civilization that has acquired armor of equal status. In Japan, the remarkable industrial development arose from research and innovation from the science they learned from Europe accompanied by benevolence, virtue, ancient civilization, and culture preservation. These attributes put Japan at a proper place to serve as a model for China in its pursuit of civilization. Revolutionary Army and the Warlord Forces Sun distinguished between the two forces by showing how the warlord forces were based on scientific materialism. This was occupied completely with a domineering and oppressing others from the excess use of force by the western countries. On the other hand, the revolutionary army is a display of benevolence, justice, and moral qualities of a rule of the right that lead to respecting others rather than fearing them. The warlords instilled this attribute of respect in its rule of might. Immediate Goals of the New Revolutionary Army The new revolutionary army had the primary goal of modernizing armaments and other industrial equipment to regain rights from western control (White and Akita 124). It aimed at terminating the suffering and changing the prevailing leadership to better standards for the Asiatic people. Works Cited Lynch, Catherine. Radicalism, Revolution, and Reform in Modern China Essays in Honor of Maurice Meisner . Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2011. Print. White, Nicholas, and Shigeru Akita. The International Order of Asia in the 1920s and 1950s . Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2010. Print.
Functions and duties are essential for ensuring that all of an organization’s continuity plan’s key activities are completed. Almost every company has some degree of ambiguity when it comes to distributing tasks. In other words, employees are held accountable for duties not within their purview yet must be completed. The processes can include activities, techniques, and operations that turn resources into outputs (Reid & Sanders, 2019). The activities, techniques, and operations are the steps that contribute positively, and the goal of user-focused and satisfactory outputs should be to meet or surpass consumers’ demands and standards (Reid & Sanders, 2019). Whatever is done is a procedure, whether formalized or not, and there are many operations in each department or activity of a company All elements’ functions and duties must be strictly outlined to minimize the risk of role redundancy and, as a result, resource dissemination owing to multiple appropriations. Role definition is time-saving and guarantees that no resources are wasted (Paschen et al., 2020). When each person’s function is defined, identifying the fundamental abilities required to accomplish the job becomes easier and more exact (Paschen et al., 2020). Tranquility can prevail on a workforce if each assignment has a recognized go-to-guy, and employees can get on with their tasks without bothering about infringing on anyone’s toes (Paschen et al., 2020). The data consumers, the software development section, and the corporation are all covered by these security protocols. Some factors to consider while designing these guidelines are where the subscriber will obtain and use the information, the database’s protection categorization, and the appropriate security level during conveyance. All these are based on the cost, significance, and cost of protecting the system (Grassi et al., 2017). These guidelines are instrumental in maintaining and developing customer requirements to enhance economic continuity (Grassi et al., 2017). By specifying what consumers can and cannot do in the connection and with corporate information and security configurations and encryption keys, these regulations can assist in attaining this goal (Grassi et al., 2017). Customers can th
There are several moral and political theories that can be used to guide people in making tough decisions. Deontology is one example of a moral theory whereby the judgment of whether an action is good or bad is determined by its nature rather than its outcome as another theory, consequentialism, suggests. Political theories include conservatism and liberalism. When a state employs the philosophy of conservatism, it aims at maintaining traditional, social and political values. On the contrary, liberals seek to change the ideas of conservatism with an aim of enacting freedom and equality among all citizens. This paper explores how the combination of the moral theory of consequentialism and the political theory of liberalism can help an individual in making tough decisions that involve professional and business ethics. The combination of these two theories can prove beneficial in aiding an individual involved in decision-making. For instance, it’s possible to judge whether the liberals who propagated the French Revolution did the right thing based on the outcome of that revolt. The French Revolution demonstrates a major strength of this combination. The extremists who led that revolution achieved their purpose of justice for all when the dictatorial leadership of King Louise XVI was brought to an end. However, the outcome of this revolt also depicts a weakness of this combination in that the revolution saw the rise of a new ruler, Napoleon, whose era was marked by increased warfare in Europe. This outcome shows that starting the French Revolution was not the right thing to do. There are other ideas of moral and political theories that can be used in decision-making. One example is the combination of deontology and conservatism. Deontology suggests that the judgment of an action is determined by the nature of that action while conservatism ideas are those that dwell on retaining traditional ideologies. Let’s look at a situation when a person’s innocence is sacrificed for a good outcome. An example is a case where a student pleads guilty to an accusation of littering. Though the student knows he or she did not commit the offence, they might accept the charges leveled against them so as to avoid spending too much time in the courtroom. This, they think, will eat into their school work as opposed to the time taken in doing the social work penalty. In this case, those who support deontology would argue that the judgment of the student’s action was a bad one since his or her innocence had to be sacrifice
Introduction Adoption involves intersection of the life of the child, the birth family and the adoptive family. The intersection of the three parties proves complicated at times, bringing issues of the family structure, maltreatment, absence of facial resemblance, search of identity and cultural roots, relationship and connection with adoptive parents and psychological distresses. The law has therefore enforced policies in various child support services to expedite the process of adoption by removing children from their birth families and foster care into adoptive homes. Though th
By writing a literary analysis essay, the student is enticed to open his mind to other opinions and adjust his way of thinking regarding certain topics towards a greater understanding of others. A literary analysis essay is a professor’s way of helping his students understand the lesson being taught by the great writers. It begs the student to analyze more than just the written word and go beyond a superficial understanding of the novel and its characters. Therefore, a literary analysis essay is written following some very exacting guidelines.  1. Choose a topic. When you write a literary analysis essay, you choose to concentrate on one particular aspect of the story. Such a topic would be “Romeo and Juliet: The Star-Crossed Lovers of Shakespeare”.  2. Pre-writing is important. Go into detai
Introduction This essay will try to elaborate on the relevant push and pull factors that have in the past and even at present been formulating the trend by which individuals move into or away from privately owned businesses. These factors apart from affecting the business environment in which the enterprises operate, also lead to a lot of the required inventions in the business arena. This is one important subject to all the players in and out of the field of business in the developing and the developed world alike. Individuals in every part of the world get drawn into being entrepreneurs because of a force that either tends to drive them out or into or a situation that calls for a commercial retaliation…these are the factors that are referred to as the “Push agents”-For those that drive people out, and the “pull Agents”-For those that attract individuals into starting their own businesses in any given field (Schjoedt Leon and Shaver Kelly, 2007, p 42). These push-pull factors provide a good framework that can be used to examine the reasons that lead individuals to strive to be independent/self-employed. Against the backdrop of what has been made available in various study materials, that is the negative and positive factors in different countries, this essay paper will tackle the frequently asked questions of why a person may decide to settle into running a private business, that is opting for self-employment. One reason may be however certain, that is to counter the economic bad times…one may decide that the only way to make a extra shilling is to move out and establish his own business. Theories have been put forward to explain this fact by arguing from the basic knowledge that every business has the potential to thrive, grow and expand if well managed despite the significant obstacles it might encounter in its life: The two major hurdles among others include the following: – High cost of production and competition from other potential players in the same field. The factors, therefore, are those that are capable of either pushing in or out the individuals into deciding the future business path…the chosen theories tend
Fall of the Byzantine Empire As indicated in history in 1430, the whole of Peloponnesus was ruled by Byzantine since the Fourth Crusade in 1204 making it the Byzantine Empire. This was done through marriage, annexation and winning of wars. When the last Constantine came into power in 1448 , he carefully ensued his successors ‘s hated agreements for church unions with the Latin’s which was acknowledged in Florence with the expectation of winning Latin help but was never put into practice. This agreement was to be stated publicly in Hagia Sophia on December 12, 1452 and this provoked the greater part of his subjects while it won him little efficient help from the Latin West. In reference to O’Shea (5) 1 , Muhammad took the throne at only 19 years of age after the death of his father Murad II and after conveniently having his infant brother drowned in the bath so as not to oppose to his plans. He hired renegades, and Christians who had turned to “Turk” so as to accumulate wealth. These men had greed for power and expansion of the Turkish Empire that they would do anything so as to increase to their wealth. Muhammad entertained individuals of vast capabilities in spite of their origins. This made the Turks call him “conqueror” even up to date. According to Tarpley (15), 2 the last Constantine found it difficult to mount a credible defense of the eastern Christendom against the attack in 1453 because his soldiers had lost faith following the events of the earlier day whereby, they believed that only a miracle would save them. They had held a procession but the rain had scattered them leaving them afraid and terrified that their prayers for a miracle would go unanswered. In addition, the Turkish army was advancing towards their security walls and there was nothing that could stop the attack. Constantine gave words of encouragement to his men and told then to fight for one’s faith, one’s country, one’s family and one’s sovereignty, so the people of Constantinople fought with courage and great honor. From atop their security walls they felled many Turks with arrows but the Turks were much stronger than them and they scaled up the walls killing most Christians and finally bringing down the walls using their canons. The
The demise of local area individuals and companions from the Civil War fuel Dickinson’s investigation of death and time everlasting in her verse. The general subject of Because I Could Not Stop for Death is by all accounts that passing is not to be dreaded since it is anything but a characteristic piece of the everlasting pattern of nature. Dickinson utilizes metaphors, personification, and symbolism to pass on the association between death and an individual in the poem. Dickinson applies representations in her sonnet Because I Could Not Stop for Death . She adds metaphors to think about the excursion and resting spot of death. One illustration of an allegory can be found in the principal refrain as for the carriage, “The carriage held but just ourselves‐And immortality” (Dickinson 3-4). Something else Dickinson metaphorizes in this sonnet is home and, at times, last resting place. This is displayed in the lines: “We paused before a House that seemed a swelling of the ground” (Dickinson 17-18). This line shows how the house is the place where an individual rests, and the last resting place is the last house. The writer additionally says,” he knew no haste”, which exacting significance is she is on a loosening up venture with a well-mannered individual who is death (Dickinson 5). Nonetheless, there is a figurative implying that death will get everybody eventually, so there should be no rush. One of the supported allegories in the sonnet is that of the scene outside the carriage as life itself in its different phases of improvement. Dickinson includes personification to pass on how demise resembles an individual in her sonnet. Personification is shown when she passes on how demise hangs tight for her. This is explicitly displayed in lines “Because I could not stop for Death‐ He kindly waited for me” (Dickinson 1-2). It is an exemplification since death cannot in a real sense stop to hang tight for somebody. Thus, Dickinson depicts that passing behaves like an individual sitting tight for her to join. Another model is the point at which she thinks about death to its habits. This is displayed in the line “for his civility” (Dickinson 8). She says this to represent that demise is pleasant and his habits when truly, this is beyond the realm of imagination. Death is not an individual and it has no character. Nonetheless, it is referred as a wholesome person in this poem. For instance, it drives and is not just a condition. “Gazing Grain” is likewise an illustration of exemplification since grain cannot look. Another important literary tool Dickinson utilizes is symbolism which she demonstrates throughout her sonnet. An illustration of this is displayed in the line, “We passed the setting sun” (12). This line represents passing and obscurity by the utilization of the setting sun. The author shows imagery also when sh
If I once became a writer I would write about what I know most of all, I would write about myself and events that happened to me. I suppose that a writer will succeed more in what he or she is familiar with: the themes will be covered more proficiently in this case. My point is that writers who themselves were in the shoes of their characters are more likely to reveal the themes they raise. The current paper is concerned with analyzing the thematic importance of slavery and freedom to two African American authors, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs. Their autobiographical works Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself (first published in 1845) and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) are taken as the basis for investigation of the problem under consideration. I would like to start my analysis with quoting W.E.B. DuBois, the author of The Souls of Black folks. This black civil rights activist admitted the feeling that every black person and black writer, in particular, has as far as his or her identity is concerned: “It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness, an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.” (“Ain’t I a Woman?” Slavery and Freedom Literature Part A). This feeling is rendered throughout the Douglass’s and Jacobs’s works who were born into slavery and had first-hand knowledge of this social institution. The leading theme in Douglass’s Narrative is destroying effects of slavery in the southern United States. At the age of twenty the author managed to escape slavery and became involved in the abolitionist movement. Several years later he published his Narrative where he told about his experiences as a slave. The author’s work was not intended to arouse sympathy with the readers, but to help people who were at the same position that he was. Throughout the work Douglass gives a lot of examples of how slaves are brutalized, and admits such drastic effects of slavery as separation of family and physical abuse of women. He highlights that slavery is harmful not to slaves only, but to slaveholders as well: people who own slaves are more likely to lose their human qualities and to turn into heartless creatures that care only of satisfaction of their own needs. By example of Sophia Auld he illustrates the dehumanizing effects of slavery. Along with bright attacks on slavery Douglass sug
Introduction Mike threatened his mother, stole her stove, sold it, and used the money to get himself drunk. In the process, he tried to commit a robbery and was arrested. His mother later turned him over to the juvenile court. Some children drink, others fight while others are involved in violent robberies where they use guns causing injury or even death of innocent folks. These children, Mike included, can be considered juvenile delinquents. Main body Juvenile relates to age and varies from state to state. In some states, the maximum age for which a child can be tried in a juvenile court is 14 years while in others it is 21 years. Nonetheless, the 16 to 20 olds are considered to be adults in most states. (Colombia encyclopedia, 2008) There are two types of juveniles. Delinquent offenders and the status offenders. (Roberts, 2008) But what is delinquency? The juvenile justice system has always approached juvenile justice from two perspectives. Firstly, that the juvenile offenders are primarily troubled children who are in need of help (rehabilitation). On the other hand, that the offenders are criminal and the solution is punishment so that they can refrain from such behaviors. From this, there are at least two definitions of delinquents. The legal definition and the case workers definition. (Tappan, 1949) In the legal definition, a juvenile delinquent is one who has decided to act contrary to laid down law and rules (offender). As such, this person deserves to be dealt with accordingly to deter him and others like him from engaging in such behaviors. However, no offender can be classified as a delinquent unless the court has established it to be so. In the case workers definition, a delinquent is one who is personally and socially maladjusted in his behaviors, wh