ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary The research paper entails a research that was conducted by David Mellor to ascertain the experience of racism of by the Aboriginal Australians. The research was contrary to the previous usual researches that dwelt more on perpetrators of racism rather than the people whom racism is inflicted upon. Non-probability sampling technique was used to identify the subject participants of the research. By interviewing participants, the researcher was able to categorize racism in four categories: 1) verbal 2) behavioral 3) discrimination 4) macro-level. In his discussion, Mellor indicates that racism occurs on broad interactive system and since the social scientists had turned a deaf ear on the victims input in their analyses of racism, the knowledge of racism is deemed partial. The qualitative method of research was used in attaining and compiling the data of the research. Mellor indicates that the method of research was qualitative and hence it meant the results presentation should be descriptive (Mellor, 2003, P4) Methodology used The methodology used was qualitative research method. The research paper has incorporated a system of inquiry where a combination of interviews and documented reviews has been used to bring out the researcher’s comprehension of cultural and social phenomenon. Mellor indicates that the research method is qualitative; hence, the results should be represented in a descriptive manner (Mellor, 2003, P.4). Creswell indicates that in qualitative approach, the researcher employs participatory knowledge claims, open-ended interviewing, and narrative design. Thus, in the study of an inquirer examining an issue concerning oppression of people, collection of stories from the people and use of a narrative approach is the approach to be used (Creswell, 2003, p 21) In the case at hand, the researcher interviewed victims of oppression in a bid to hand the victims a chance to explain their experiences on racism. Mellor also indicates that the primary data of the investigation was retrieved from narratives that were collected through thorough interviews (Mellor, 2003, p 3) Procedure: The inquirer used various means in the qualitative method to achieve the objective of the research in viewing racism at different angle, which included: Use of past literatures Mellor cites authors like Harrison, Jones, Lalonde, and Cameron who share the same sentiments as him that exclusion of experiences of the victims of racism in analyses results to partial accounts of racism (Mellor, 2003, p 2). This hence indicates the use of past literature. Interviews Mellor indicates that non-probability technique was used to select the participants that would take part in the interviews. He further elaborates that the interviews were open ended and conducted in the participants’ territory. The interviews were audio taped to give the participants a relaxed environment (Mellor, 2003, p 4). Description In the research case, the researcher describes the various forms of racism attained from the interviews. In the first category of racism, Mellor describes in detail in the sub category of name-calling of how the color (black) has been u
The Great Gatsby is a film that stars Jay Gatsby, Nick Carraway, Tom Buchanan, and the Southern Belle Daisy (French 2013). Jay Gatsby is a rich young man who acquired his wealth through bootlegging. The movie is set in the post war America where a young idealistic narrator (Nick Carraway) spends the whole of his summer learning the uncomfortable realities that differentiate truths and illusions. He also understands the influence the past has on the present. One theme portrayed in the film is that money does not guarantee happiness. In addition, tragedy is one element in the movie. This paper will analyze how the aspect of wealth, lust, and corruption work hand in hand to facilitate the element of tragedy in the movie. The viewer learns that when dark secrets come out in the light they haunt the characters and many perish as a result. This shows that the past has a great influence on the present emotions and actions (French 2013). The influence of the past comes out throughout the course of the film. After organizing and attending the funeral of Gatsby, Nick Carraway stands at Gatsby’s lawn where the deceased spent much of time staring at the green light across the bay. Nick realizes that the light comes from Daisy’s house. He concludes that the past forces itself to us by the nostalgia we experience in the present. In addition, Gatsby accumulated a lot of wealth and bought a mansion next to Daisy’s house. He also throws killer parties that are a clear indication of his commitment to impress Daisy. Daisy and G
Abstract The concept of culture is surrounded by controversies in regards to its definition and conceptualization. This is because it means different things to different people. Many anthropologists, sociologists and psychologists have given their views in regards to what actually constitutes culture and what does not. Even though various authors usually have a different definition of the concept, most of them seem to agree that culture is generally defined as the people’s way of life. However, the concept is best understood by looking at it from three levels, namely the universal, the subgroup and the individual level. Many authors have, however, presented the concept as a homogenous entity, giving the impression that people who share culture usually have similar personality traits and attributes. For instance, Geert Hofstede clusters human beings into different cultures, and five attributes stand out among people in different cultures. However, this position has been challenged especially by structuralists, who argue that even though culture implies shared values, beliefs and norms, these largely manifest themselves as perceptions, but when it comes to the practical behaviour, people may not necessarily match it with their cultures. Other psychologists who hold a different view include Kroeber and Kluckhohn who think that culture should be defined in a broad sense. These psychologists defer from others and have the view that to define culture is very difficult. Major cultural theories include diffusionism, evolution theory of culture, the ecological perspective, historical particularism and structuralism. The various authors who have made their contribution to the debate on culture include Emile Durkheim, Franz Boaz, among others. The discussion is concerned with how cultural differences affect the efficiency of expatriate managers. Introduction This paper is a dissertation based on the topic of culture. The objective of the dissertation is to critically analyse the Arabian culture in the Mandarin Oriental Hotel in Singapore. The research aims at looking at how cultural differences between Saudi Arabia and Singapore shape the working environment at the Mandarin Hotel in Singapore. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the Chinese culture at the Mandarin Oriental hotel, the effect of the Arabian culture on the Chinese employees at the hotel and effects of these two cultures at everybody at the hotel. Our research will focus on the administration of the hotel and the overall effect of culture at work with a focus on management and the employees. The paper critically analyses cultural differences between the Arabic managers and
Introduction Many people participate in athletics, which has penetrated the globe’s farthest corners, becoming one of the most popular sports in the world. Athletics was the first sport in which competitions were held, and some elements of athletics form the basis of many modern marks. A code of ethics was created to regulate the norms and rules of conduct in a particular field. The code contains the most important principles and expectations of all persons involved in the area. This paper will examine the Mississippi Code of Ethics and how its components relate to athletics. Standard 1: Professional Conduct This section addresses educators’ ethical and unethical conduct, and it applies directly to athletics, specifically athletes and coaches. In the same way as educators, they must demonstrate behavior consistent with generally recognized professional standards. It is vital for athletes and coaches to be respectful and supportive of colleagues, not lower their competence, and demonstrate professionalism in their work and interactions with competitors, trainers, and staff. Standard 2: Trustworthiness This section of the code has to do with fairness. It states that an educator must demonstrate honesty and integrity in professional practice (Mississippi Department of Education, 1998). Likewise, a player in athletics should understand his role in building and maintaining a culture of openness and high standards of ethics, especially in training, competition, and performance. Cheating and tampering should not be acceptable for the sport. People involved in the field should strive to raise the prestige of athletics. Standard 3: Unlawful Acts This section deals with unlawful acts of various kinds related to instruction and what items constitute unethical behavior. It notes that an educator must comply with federal, state, and local laws and not commit crimes of various kinds (Mississippi Department of Education, 1998). Athletes, coaches, and trainers must also comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including the standards of the World Athletics Association and the European Athletics Association. Standard 4: Educator/Student Relationships This section raises the topic of professionalism, subordination, and the overall educator-student contact. While looking at this sector in athletics, it is essential to note that there must also be a professional work environment with safe and healthy working conditions. Inappropriate behavior or harassment in the relationship between a coach and an athlete is unacceptable. It is vital to take relevant action to avoid any form of discrimination, physical, verbal, or emotional bullying, and other insults. Standard 5: Educator/Collegial Relationships This sector addresses the topic of educator-collegial relationships: educators should keep a professional connection with their co-workers. Similarl
Introduction The digestive system performs a vital role in the human body. It provides the body with the elements needed for its survival and further development. Digesting products that a person consumes, the system preserves the balance crucial for its functioning. Therefore, the gastrointestinal tract is one of the elements of this system that is responsible for nutrition as traditional food enters the stomach via the tract. However, there are several cases when this method of nutrition turns out to be inefficient because of a disease or a patients temporary or permanent inability to feed. Under these conditions, the delivery of nutritional substances to the body should be organized in another way to support a patient during his/her recovery. In such cases, enteral nutrition becomes one of the most efficient approaches to performing this task and avoiding undernourishment. Definition In general, enteral nutrition could be defined as a way to provide food through a special tube that could be placed in the patients nose, stomach, or the small intestine (Adler 2013). Regarding the method chosen for the insertion, the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy could be applied (Adler 2013). The first one suggests placing the tube through the skin into the stomach or gastrostomy (Adler 2013). The second approach presupposes that a tube is inserted into the small intestine (Klingensmith & Coopersmith 2016). The choice of the method depends on the state of a patient, his/her disease, and the peculiarities of the health problem that should be solved at the moment. Therefore, if a situation is crucial and a patient demonstrates poor voluntary intake, early enteral nutrition (EEN) should be recommended. It is feeding within 24 to 48 hours from admission (Blumenstein, Shastri & Stein 2014). Prescription The use of EEN at early stages could be justified by several factors. First, metabolic support through the gastroenteric tube is provided when patients are not able to take the needed amount of nutritional substances orally; however, it is crucial to avoid progressive lean tissue catabolism due to starvation (Greenberger, Blumberg & Burakoff 2015). There are numerous pieces of evidence admitting that the use of a tube to deliver nutrients via the gut is more efficient and improves outcomes (Taylor 2016). Additionally, EEN plays an essential role in treating patients with chronic neurological or mechanical dysphagia, and gut dysfunction (Kozeniecki & Fritzshall 2015). The critical state of a person also becomes one of the factors that precondition the use of the tube to preserve the needed balance. Finally, prescribing the surgical interference, specialists might use EEN as the a to prepare a patient for the procedure. Benefits Nevertheless, the application of EEN in critical situations demonstrates its beneficial character compar
If you ask any parent a question regarding their children, they will definitely tell you that we are raising a nation of baby Einstein (Khazan, 2013). Saif Saeed, who apparently is in a quagmire, gave birth to Mansour’s Abdulla. The whole family is troubled by the predicament of their only sibling and son. Therefore, it is a prerequisite for them to seek not only clinical and medical attention but also psychological attention. When Mansour’s was born, the family warmly received the new package that was sent from the creator. The parents were capable of raising the child without any calling for external assistance. The condition Mansour’s is suffering from requires more attention from those who are near him, especially the parents. In essence, Mansour’s is having developmental issues. He is suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). The child’s birth had been traumatizing. After more than 24 hours of labor, the medics managed to pull the child out, albeit forcefully, to the extent that he received a black eye. As an infant, he was extremely sensitive to light and sound. The condition was considered controversial when assessed by the doctors. His mother documented that he attained early development milestones, including crawling, pacing, and talking amongst other childhood developmental engagements earlier than was expected. Eventually, Mansour’s has developed learning disorders that were observed through slowed language and speech, regardless of having been observed to be a fast learner during the infant stage. ADHD is often a troublesome developmental issue that affects not only the child but also the siblings, close relatives, and parents. Mansour’s parents have been significantly affected by his condition. They often switch roles between work and looking after their child. Mansour’s condition has improved the relationship between the parents, given that they have to be mutually and psychologically available for each other. On the other hand, Mansour’s was observed to have difficulties in the simple tasks that he was requested to perform. These include scribbling or writing anything using his thumb. Mansour’s thumb always avoided whatever he was given to touch. Mansour’s would immediately avoid all he was doing, including shoving the writing material and the pencil away from him. This would be as soon as he completes what he was supposed to be doing. The idea behind it was to clear the space for his forelimbs to lean against whatever he could. Despite completing all the tasks that have been assigned to Mansour’s, the response time that he required was not equivalent to what other ‘normal’ children would require. Essentially, Mansour’s main challenge is the lack of concentration. He can neither balance the focus of his eyes nor get them concentrated. Fundamentally, Mansour’s parents require seeking professional guidance from a physician. Additionally, they need to consult their current health giver to be advised accordingly. In most cases, when you are a parent,
Introduction According to statistical results, in a typical college classroom of approximately 30 students, there are 5 or 6 of them to avoid or otherwise resist doing something that the teacher wants them to do (Burroughs, 1990). At first glance, a resistance rate of only 16%-20% may not seem particularly alarming; it may not even appear particularly troublesome. And yet, we all know that it only takes one or two students to ruin an entire class for all involved. Rather than remain helpless to such resistance attempts, rather than “wait them out” and hope for a better group of students next time, teachers chose instead to try to understand how and why students resist to take a more preventative or proactive stance. The literature identifies two methods of resistance: passive and active. Findings (Alpert, 1991) suggest that college students would rather avoid open and aggressive confrontations with their teachers. Active, more public resistance, on the other hand, may force the teacher to engage in abrupt and definitive desist attempts. Second, passive strategies conform to student role expectancies. Passive techniques are less likely to disrupt the entire class, result in contagion effects, and engage the teacher/student in some sort of “power” struggle. Psychological problems and lack of communication The major layer of literature underlines that student resistance in the classroom is caused by psychological problems and lack of communication (Miles 2007; Sekayi, 2001). Resistance is endemic to the college classroom. Sekayi (2001) claims that observations of classroom resistance or student misbehavior may obscure the actual number and kinds of oppositional behaviors that normally transpire in the typical college classroom. That is, students may perform as “good subjects” (or good students) under the scrutiny of an outsider. Similarly, teachers themselves may underestimate the actual number and kinds of resistance responses by selectively recalling only their “best” or “ideal” class, or perhaps, these same teachers are oblivious or insensitive to the resistance that does occur in their classrooms. Following Miles (2007) students themselves, not the teacher, own the problem or reasons for their resistance. Students who select specific strategies are likely to resist by saying, “I forgot,” “I have kids (or other responsibilities). These statements and others suggest that students justify their resistance by holding themselves primarily responsible for their behavior. Students assign blame to themselves. A student may resist if they have a conflict with a teacher or school (college) administration. In reverse, students are likely to perceive their nonimmediate teacher as behaving inappropriately or inconsistently with their expectations of what professors should or should not do. As a result, they feel justified in their resistance to nonimmediate teacher demands and select strategies that place the blame directly on the teacher. Teacher influence attempts Another layer of literature states that college students can and will resist teacher influenc
The synthesis of the most active fragments of peptides is possible when identifying the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC-FL) of component amino acids in these parts of peptides. Thus, the highest value of oxygen radical absorbance capacity was determined for Trp, and high ORAC-FL values were identified for Tyr and Met. This aspect indicates the significant and rather high antioxidant activity of these amino acids. The lower antioxidant activity was typical of Cys, His, and Phe. Other amino acids, including Arg, Asn, Gln, and Asp among them, did not demonstrate any antioxidant activity. The explanation of the activity for Trp and Tyr is based on the ability of the indolic and phenolic groups to perform as hydrogen donors. As a result, stable indoyl and phenoxyl radicals become formed. In its turn, Met is oxidised, but Cys provides the sulfur hydrogen. Thus, the radical scavenging activity, in this case, is explained by the presence of Trp, Tyr, Met, and His in peptides. The synthesis process and the focus on radical scavenging activity for three sequences of active peptides indicated that the sequence Trp-Tyr-Ser- Leu-Ala-Met-Ala-Ala-Ser-Asp-Ile had high antioxidant activity. The radical scavenging activity was about 1.7- and 4-fold lower than it is of the flavonoid quercetin and p -coumaric acid, but antioxidant activity was higher than the activity of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), which is a synthetic antioxidant with adverse effects. Consequently, BHA is proposed to be replaced with natural antioxidants. In order to improve food antioxidant properties and prevent the oxidation reaction, such natural antioxidants as hydrolysates from whey proteins can be utilised, and they can be obtained from cheese whey, for example. Comparing protein hydrolysates to antioxidants from plants, it is important to accentuate their extra nutritional value, but their antigenicity should also be considered before using them in food. The capacity of this sequence is explained by the presence of Trp, Tyr, and Met. It is important to note that the antioxidant activity of amino acids can be weakened because of the peptidic bond and structural peptide conformation, and radical scavenging activity can be decreased when several amino acids are present because of antagonist effects. Other two sequences also indicated the radical scavenging activity because of the presence of Met and Tyr, but the antioxidant activity of these amino acids was even higher when they were measured separately. Moreover, th
The minority groups in the United States still face a lot challenges that are yet to be solved. African Americans and Hispanics are the most affected minority groups when it comes to inequality and discrimination (Free, 2003). The African American community still encounters racial and economic discrimination within the American society. The past governments have not been keen on addressing the issues of minorities and this is the reason why African Americans and Hispanics feel neglected. Racial injustice is very prevalent in the United States and this is a major concern for minority groups such as African Americans and Hispanics (Free, 2003). All the challenges facing African Americans and Hispanics have been there for a very long time and the authorities do not seem to care the plight of these groups. African Americans have been fighting for their right to be treated equally like other citizens but things are yet to change (Harris, 2007). This paper will highlight some of the challenges that African Americans and Hispanics in the United States face. African Americans are normally discriminated when it comes to employment opportunities (Free, 2003). The United States government has often come up with policies that favor Whites. The majority of the policies do not promote equal distribution of employment opportunities. The U.S government does very little in controlling crime in the Northern cities which are dominated by African Americans. African Americans live in very unsafe neigbourshoods that pose a threat to their security (Free, 2003). Crime control in cities and neighborhoods dominated by Blacks is not a priority for the local authorities. Most of the industries in Northern cities have been closed down leading to the loss of industrial jobs for African Americans (Harris, 2007). This has been the trend for the last 40 years and there are no signs of change. Many young and talented Blacks have not been able to advance academically due to institutional barriers (Free, 2003). African Americans spend a lot of resources in trying to fight for affirmative action in the education sector. Black anti-intellectualism is a very false notion that has been created among