ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
JC Penney has repeatedly been caught up in the struggle because of its pricing and marketing strategies (Wahba, 2016). Therefore, it is safe to say that the majority of the problems appearing within all the layers of the company leave the leader to be accountable for all the failures and shortcomings. It is worth mentioning that JC Penney proved to be a conservative organization throughout its history (Wahba, 2016). This particular outlook had a rather serious influence on the company’s market share and how it was perceived by its customers. The selection of the new CEO would have meant a lot for the company at those hard times (Wahba, 2016). This was when Ron Johnson came in to bring the brand back to life and get JC Penney back on the business charts. His outlook presupposed innovation and was meant to extend the company’s customer base. Regardless of the efforts, Johnson’s plan failed despondently (Wahba, 2016). The fact sheet showed that JC Penney’s annual sales dropped by more than $5 billion, and the company had to fire more than 40 thousand employees. Presumably, it was Johnson’s strategy that almost bankrupted the company. The desire to hastily bring the change might be considered another factor of the failure (Wahba, 2016). This paper analyses the aspects of the Johnson’s pricing strategy failure, provides suggestions concerning the possible improvements that could be made to the strategy, and evaluates the future of JC Penney’s performance. Johnson’s pricing strategy failure The first aspect that affected the pricing strategy was the economy (Reingold, 2012, 2014). To repair the issue of repetitiveness and make it interesting for clients to come into the stores, Johnson elaborated a concept of exclusive boutiques in each of the JC Penney stores (Glazer & Lublin, 2013). He emphasized more on the wealthier cohort of the population. Basically, Johnson’s strategy implied that the company would apply more savings to fascinate a new clientele layer. The fact is, the richer cohort of the population was not responding to the strategy quick enough. At the same time, the old clients were abandoning the company (Glazer & Lublin, 2013). Johnson also attempted to manage the department stocks’ major problem, profile-raising pricing, or what is habitually termed high-low pricing. Another aspect of the JC Penney’s failure was the competition. The issues that high-low pricing triggered were incredible (D’Innocenzio, 2012). To keep the long story short, JC Penney’s clients came into the store; they saw the new-fangled products, and they saw the prices. They liked the goods, but did not tolerate the prices, and so they did not buy anything (D’Innocenzio, 2012). Accordingly, these new products could not be sold and were kept on th
Introduction Job satisfaction and motivation are highly important issues that contribute to the development of any country. However, these aspects depend on the specificity of a culture (Huang & Van de Vliert, 2003). Hofstede’s theory allows measuring certain attributes regarding national mentality. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare Hofstede’s dimensions, using examples of the United States, Germany, and China to determine a country with the highest level of job satisfaction. Hofstede’s Dimensions The power distance dimension implies the impact that an individual has on other people’s thoughts and behaviors. This aspect describes the attitude of less powerful individuals towards more powerful ones. The United States and Germany’s scores on Power Distance are 40 and 35 respectively (“Country comparison,” 2017). These are quite low scores compared to Chine that has 80. Hence, Chinese tend to accept a hierarchical order without justification. The individualism dimension demonstrates the degree of interdependency among the members of a community. Personal interests are more important than the public interests in individualistic societies. China with a score of 20 is among collectivistic countries (“Country comparison,” 2017). Different social groups have strong relationships. On the other hand, the United States is one of the most individualistic countries in the world with a score of 91(“Country comparison,” 2017). People in the US focus on their families and do not seek support from the government. Meanwhile, Germany is in the middle. This country scored 67 (“Country comparison,” 2017). However, this culture is closer to the US rather than to China. The masculinity dimension stands for competitive behaviors and determination to achieve results. These three countries are relatively close regarding the masculinity parameter. However, China and Germany have 66, and the US has 62 (“Country comparison,” 2017). Hence, Germans and Chinese give more value to successful performance and are considered to be more masculine nations. The uncertainty avoidance dimension shows how communities handle unpredictable outcomes and control the future. China is at the lower position as it scores 30 (“Country comparison,” 2017). Chinese are not concerned about ambiguity. They are highly adaptable and enterprising. The US has a score of 46 (“Country comparison,” 2017). Hence, Americans often accept new ideas and take risky opportunities. Germany with a score of 65 is among countries that tend to avoid uncertainties (“Country comparison,” 2017). It is presented in the law system and philosophy that emphasizes deductive approaches, compromising inductive ones. The long-term orientation dimension emphasizes such characteristics as thrift and persistence. China has 87 in this dimension (“Country comparison,” 2017). Chinese deal with problems realistically and practically. They are very flexible and easily adapt to particular needs. Germany is also a very pragmatic nation as it scores 83 (“Country comparison,” 2017). However, the US is at the lowest position. It got only 26 (“Country comparison,”
Introduction People have reasons to support these killings and justify why the victims deserve to be punished. This paper examines the origin and beliefs surrounding honor killing and how this practice can be managed in modern societies. Definition Honor killing is an old practice that was performed to cleanse the community or family from any activity that was perceived to be evil. This practice is usually gender based and targets members of a particular sex depending on the society and offense committed. Therefore, honor killings refer to the exercises of executing members that have committed crimes that violate cultural, religious or family beliefs in an attempt to clean their societies and protect them from the evils associated with this crime (Holt 2010). It is important to explain that all communities are guided by social norms that ensure their members’ behavior in accordance with their regulations. Their cultural are different depending on the taboos, norms, beliefs and practices observed by members (Bennie 2007). For that reason, some cultural aspects may be tolerated by some communities while others may consider them to be a violation of their codes of conduct. Background Honor killings originate from traditional and religious practices that have strong beliefs on morals. These teachings and beliefs expect their members to follow their guidelines strictly and to show conformity to their requirements regardless of other issues (Fritsch 2010). This practice originated from these teachings that have very strict rules regarding sexuality, morality and decency that are important issues in determining the worthiness of individuals in the society. Even though there is no known time when this practice started, sociologists and psychologists believe that it is an old tradition. Therefore, it must have been observed from the time people started living on the Earth. However, it is strongly believed that this tradition has strong links with the Arab nations that have strict laws governing morality and sexuality. In addition, religious teachings in Islam and Christianity have detailed occurrences where adulterers have been stoned to death and other offenders executed because they failed to observe their taboos (Fritsch 2010). Moreover, some traditional cultures have also detailed honor killings in situations where victims have engaged in anti-social sexual behaviors like bestiality and homosexuality. Today, honor killings continue to occur as people try to protect the dignity of their communities. This has happened in situations where people have engaged in anti-social sexual activities like rape, incest, infidelity and bestiality (Bennie 2007). This means that even though the modern society seems to have evolved some moral and religious issues have continued to be respected and offenders have
Introduction Teaching of Computer Science and History has both similarities and significant differences in various aspects of teaching and learning processes. These aspects include the teaching and learning methodologies, the resources used as well as the teaching and learning content. Similarities and Differences Teaching and learning Content The learning content for History as a discipline focuses on achievements of the past including past events and experiences of nations and regions in the world, cultures, continuity and changes that have occurred over time as well as the cause-and-effect relationships (Furay, & Salevouris 2000, p. 11). The learning content is therefore more theoretical. Conversely, the content in Computer Science concentrates on learning characteristics of programs that are employed in software development and innovations of new programs. They also assists the learners on how to modify the existing software Thus the learning content for computer science is more practical and organizational activity management oriented (Corner, Denning, Gries, Mulder, Tucker, Turner & Young 1989, p. 9). It is also important to note that both Computer Science and History study their own theoretical foundations and are all presented in theoretical form. History also has a sub-field in archaeology which also uses practical techniques to study the developments of human existence just the same way Computer Science uses practical computation techniques in its learning content. Besides, both learning contents include theories that explain facts. Teaching Methodology and resources The teaching strategies that are involved in teaching Computer Sciences are more of discovery learning, where those students who are studying Computer Science are given more practical assignments to perform to enable them understand the concepts of computer and be able to develop programs and software which are industry oriented. Thus it is more research oriented and involves interactive teaching and learning. It involves imparting skills and knowledge through practical activities in the computer laboratory. Teaching of Computer Science involves engaging the students in learning activities which make them understand quality management of organizations using appropriate software (Wegner 1976, pp. 14-15). Computer Science learners have to undergo mandatory industrial attachments to give them an opportunity to acquire real practical skills (Corina 2011). On the other hand, teaching of History as a discipline involves more of the use of lecture method where the lecturer engages the students in learning activities that make them connect the past events and the current situations of places and events. It also involves discussions and debates to enable the students make sense out of complex issues. Teaching of History also involves fieldwork where students are exposed to the historical sites as well as other important learning sites (Bain 2000, p. 26). The two disciplines also
Introduction Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) remains one of the most significant health problems in acute care facilities. According to the recent statistical estimations, the daily risk of developing CAUTIs is nearly 7 percent, and it increases depending on the length of catheterization (Amine, Helal, & Bakr, 2014). Researchers indicate that the given health issue poses a topical problem to health practitioners and the overall healthcare system as it is associated with a high level of mortality and morbidity in patients, and puts an extra financial burden on hospitals. CAUTI can be regarded as both a barrier to the maintenance of patient safety and the outcome of an ineffective care environment. At the same time, the topicality of the given study is defined by the fact that the majority of CAUTI cases are preventable, and the reduced incidence rate can be achieved through the enforcement of prevention practices among health providers and the education of nurses regarding the problem of patient safety. According to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN, 2016), safety and infection control is one of the primary client needs and functions in the nursing profession. In accordance with the knowledge content noted in the NCLEX-RN subcategories, a nurse should be skillful in incident prevention and emergency response, aware of safety regulations related to the use of equipment, standards, and principles of problem management (NCSBN, 2016). Based on this, the main purpose of the paper is the investigation of the recent research findings related to the selected clinical issue and examination of the evidence which will be subsequently used for the design of a CAUTI prevention plan. Importance According to Nicolle (2014), CAUTI is “the source for about 20% of episodes of health-care acquired bacteremia in acute care facilities” (p. 1). Catheterization significantly increases the risk of the transfer of bacteria to the urinary tract and the consequent development of symptomatic infection. Although the presence of bacteria transferred via catheters in the organism remains asymptomatic in the majority of the acute care cases, such adverse outcome of CAUTI as bacteremia, i.e., the secondary bloodstream infection, occurs in 3 percent of patients with the given health problem (Nicolle, 2014). The researcher also identifies a few other types of CAUTI-related morbidity. They include catheter obstruction, bladder urolithiasis, purulent urethritis, glan
Introduction Creditworthiness refers to the capacity of a person or a firm to repay its debt when it becomes due. It is the ability to repay not only the principal amount but also the interest charged up on it.every creditor wants the repayment of their credit with certain percentage of interest on it. Hence the credit return liability of the borrower will be more than the principal amount they received. The borrower wants to repay the amount they received as debt with interest charges within specified time. Interest is the charge for the usage of money. For carrying out any business activity a person or a firm requires money. When money is used for business activity it is called finance. It can be say that finance is the life blood of any business. Without adequate finance no business can be carried out profitably. So finance is required by business concern for its working. The finance so needed is procured by business concern through various sources. The source of finance may be the entrepreneurs own fund or outsiders’ money. The external source of finance includes creditors, banking institutions and other financial institutions. For getting the external finance it requires some kinds of guarantee with regard to the repayment of the finance. The banking institutions always check the creditworthiness of their customers before taking decision to grant loan to them. For finding the credit return ability of the customers they adopt the method of credit rating techniques. For a business concern it is very crucial to demonstrate their creditworthiness ability for getting loans and advances.. Usually for a business concern the external finance is supplied by investors on the guarantee of their goodwill. Because of requirement of huge finance the firm cannot assure all their borrowings with landed or fixed asset. They borrow money on the power of their good financial position or over its creditworthiness.Systematic analysis of a companies creditworthiness is a useful part of company’s medium term planning.The company assure their debt repayment ability using credible business plans and historical cash flows. They also wants to assure the profitability of their business. Without profitability there is no creditworthiness. Hence the term creditworthiness is important in business world. Here an important question arises that how the creditors calculate or determine the creditworthiness of a business concern? What are the methods used by them for calculating creditworthiness? Whether the methods used by them are reliable for taking decision on further lending. We also discuss the factors affecting creditworthiness. Academic objectives The subject, measurement of credit worthiness of a company is required to be analysed in detail. The objectives of the study are as follows:  1. To understand the creditworthiness of the selected company.  2. To know the factors affecting creditworthiness of a firm.  3.
Social Media Examiner’s (2021) video on social media initiatives was most useful to me since it provides more than twenty social media post ideas to improve the marketing of any business. This source demonstrates that social media, namely Facebook Business and Instagram, have great power and enhance marketing, promoting organizations through posts, stories, hashtags, and user-generated content. The most useful information to me was about trends, pros and cons, comparison, direct offer, and long-form content. Effective change leadership is important when an organization wants to adopt social media initiatives. A good leader is associated with effective communication, for example, written content on social media. For example, a leader may encourage customers to generate content by creating a hashtag, like #MyInstagramLogo, and inquiring them to share their views on the logo or any other product or service the company offers (They Ask, You Answer, 2018). Leaders should clarify their vision and ensure that everyone understands them. They should lead their employees in the right direction, inspiring them to change. I may encounter the following ethical issues: over-promising, under-delivering, and overstated statements. I would try to provide my customers with honest information about the business and stop making everyone happy to address the first issue. Over-promising can make clients disappointed and lead to their negative feedback. Therefore, it is better to follow ethical principles and make promises only if they can be 100% fulfilled. To address the second issue, I would try to be transparent and honest about the content. If the company claims to deliver products from one country to another in three days, it will need to fulfill it. Otherwise, it will be lying to the clients, thus losing its credibility. These strategies will help me address the above-mentioned ethical issues because honesty and transparency are always valued, and they help attract new customers and make the old customers stay with the company they trust.
Transitioning from military to civilian life is an arduous process that has challenges to integrate into society, even if the individual is not experiencing severe psychological issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder. The transition experiences barriers in the aspect of incompatibility between military and civilian cultures. The military maintains a specific culture regarding values, traditions, ethos, and organizational aspects that are rarely seen in the relaxed life of a civilian (Cathcart, 2017). The lack of routine and structure in civilian life often becomes disorienting for military members that have been indoctrinated to rigid schedules and regulations. Although military experience is valuable, and most veterans have no regrets, there are inherent problems with broader life skills. Veterans do not have the capabilities to adjust to civilian life leading to unemployment, personal life problems, and financial issues (University of Southern California Staff, 2017). In the case of CPL Cooper, it is evident that, like many veterans, he experienced the rapid transition into civilian life without preparation or knowledge of available resources. This is common for veterans, especially those who entered the military at a young age and have been discharged without a job, place to live, or understanding of fundamental social and economic concepts. This is a matter of structural challenges, which was evident in Cooper’s attempt at a management training program where the lack of discipline and adherence to policies caused frustration. Some of the questions for Cooper would be to determine his level of comfort working in a civilian environment and his determination to address critical issues. It would be helpful to examine his military service records to evaluate skills and abilities. Furthermore, as part of the reintegration process, it might be important to discuss if the corporal is experiencing any psychological issues or symptoms of mental disorders. The culture within the military, emphasizing mental strength, often makes veterans feel uncomfortable seeking help or discussing personal issues. To create a comfortable environment, trust and rapport should be established with the client. This is done by ensuring that an office environment is a place of safety and confidentiality. It may be helpful to let a veteran know that as a social worker specializing in working with members of the armed forces, one understands the struggles that he may be facing. It is necessary to emphasize the utmost respect for the client. It is important to emphasize that the Vet Center and any other veteran program or clinic exist for the sole purpose of helping veterans transition to civilian life and provide any manner of support required for their wellbeing. In providing help to CPL Cooper, it is critical to use a strength-based approach in order to