ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Complimentary alternative medicine refers to diverse health and medical care systems which are integrated thus becoming a component of conventional medicine. This study is aimed at illuminating health conditions that conventional western medicine has failed to address. Bickel et al (1988, p.72) dutifully look at the efficacy of using buprenorphine and methadone in detoxification of side effects of heroin amongst the addicts. The study involved forty five participants. The participants were selected at random and received either sublingual buprenorphine or oral methadone. The process was conducted under double dummy and double blind conditions. This was supposed to help studying the pharmacology of buprenorphine within the 90 days of detoxification. The participants were either given 2mg of buprenorphine or 30 mg of methadone for a period of 21 days. One month after expiry of the 3 weeks, doses of methadone and buprenorphine were significantly reduced. Six weeks after dose reduction was marked with placebo medication. During this period no considerable changes were noted between factions in respect to the use of drugs, symptoms and treatment retention. This did not trigger those already taking buprenorphine into taking illicit opioid drugs. According to Bickel et al (1988, p.78) clinical trial showed that buprenorphine is liked by patients and can also be used in detoxifying heroin addicts. Smith and Khan (1988, p. 5) explore acupuncture program that can be used in treating drug addicts. Smith and Khan further assert that acupuncture has been utilized by Lincoln Hospital to treat individuals from drug addiction for the last thirteen years. The acupuncture program received over 200 drug addicts that were later subjected to acupuncture. Acupuncture calmed withdrawal symptoms which reduces the patients crave for drugs. It also helped in increasing patient’s participation in the long term treatment program. Patients were treated in open-group setting. Acupuncture points were put in the external ear. In addition, electrical stimulation was avoided. The same points were used in subsequent visits by the addicts with disregard to the drug they were addicted to. Acupuncture is thought to help in reducing drug abuse when used in conjunction with other drug demand reduction programs. Unutzer et al (2000, p. 1856) study intended to examine relationship between mental disorders and use of CAM. Data was obtained from national household telephone survey that was done between 1997 and 1998. A total of 9585 participants who exhibited varying indicators of mental instability were involved in the study. Structured diagnostic screening method was used in an effort to identify probable mental disorders. CAM therapy was mainly used in treatment of p
Introduction Organizations are faced with a variety of problems which come from different angles, both internal and external. The most complex ones are however those that are associated with the human resource or workforce. This is because these are the driving force towards the success of an organization, through their manipulation of other resources for instance the assets, to come up with a productive and profitable result. Success in any activity in an organization requires unity and cooperation among all the individuals involved, failure to which malfunction is almost automatic. This piece of work gives an in-depth discussion of attitude, as an issue that affects progress in the workplace with much emphasis being given to how it impacts on individuals and an organization at large and how a solution could be implemented and its success evaluated. A review and a brief description of the original problem selected by my Learning Team There are various problems that are linked with workplaces and all the practices and activities undertaken therein. For the sake of this assignment, my team chose attitude in the workplace as the problem of discussion for which a plan to help solve the issue will be identified and implemented. This is because this is a very prevalent problem in workplaces and it has led to fall down of most organizations. Attitude entails the way a given individual thinks or perceives various things or situations. It is a very influential aspect and it plays a great role in determining how things are undertaken. Various employees express different attitudes, some positive and others negative. Under all circumstances, positive attitude among all the individuals involved in an organization should be advocated for and maintained since nothing can be successful where negative attitude prevail. There is usually a tendency of people to bring their home problems into the workplace thus affecting their ability to perform as expected, which should not be the case. The encouraging thing is the fact that there are ways that have been established in an effort to change people’s attitudes through sensitizing them to be positive and optimistic in their undertakings so as to achieve success. This is however possible through effective decision making that entail critical thinking and effective plan and strategies (Shumake, 1992). A plan to implement the identified solution In every plan especially that involved with implementing a
Introduction The national government has an enormous responsibility of ensuring that its citizens receive enough security to guard their lives and property against any form of violence or aggression. The provision of national security is an inalienable right that citizens deserve from their government. National security is more than physical fights and wars; it involves complex interrelationships of government branches and foreign countries. State of national security depends on the cooperative function of the three branches of government, viz. judiciary, legislature, and executive. Moreover, international relationships in terms of foreign policy, treaties, intelligence gathering, and international agreements are also critical in determining the safety of citizens. However, the relationship among the three branches of government and international relationships significantly influence legislations and policies of national security. At international and national jurisdictions, laws and constitutions usually have inconsistencies that compel the executive, legislature, and judiciary to find an appropriate harmonization for the effective and smooth implementation of national security policies and laws. According to Mitrano, Marbury v. Madison set the precedent of judicial law review that empowered the judiciary to be a ‘final arbiter’ in settling constitutional inconsistencies of statutes (52). Thus, Marbury v. Madison formed the basis of judicial review. This essay examines the potential points of conflict between the judiciary and legislature concerning national security relative to Marbury v. Madison and the United States’ constitution. Marbury v. Madison The case of Marbury v. Madison became a landmark case from which the concept of judicial review emanated. In 1803, there was a change in regime in the United States as Thomas Jefferson defeated an incumbent president, John Adams, in an election. To retain power, John Adams expanded the judiciary and appointed a number of judges, famed as ‘midnight judges’ because they assumed their responsibilities during the last period of John Adams’s regime. When Thomas Jefferson took power in 1803, he ord
St. Louis was transformed by the processes of concentration and deconcentration which related to the times and people’s social status. Concentration was evident through the distribution of the population. The lower and middle class people were placed into one area, close to the city and their workplaces. This was a form of exclusion of a part of the population from the rest of the city. Deconcentration took place in a type of urbanization. People were moving away from the city to have their own home with a backyard and a front lawn which provided for space and light. At the same time, people who gained some resources were moving away from the city, thus causing a deconcentration of the work force and the general population. As the amount of people was decreasing, social programs and housing projects started to get abandoned and forgotten. Pruitt Igoe was a part of the Urban Renewal Act which is evident through the examination of several factors. The primary one was to rebuild the slums and make sure that people had proper living conditions. Previously, the environment was very unsafe and unsanitary for people. Children had no place to play and spend time at. The project was meant to enable people to have proper housing and playgrounds. The fact that the buildings were located close to the center of the city provided for easy access to factories, stores and social services. As the society and the government of a nation have a key role in a city, the general values of a large group of people are aligned with those of individuals and communities. Physical features of the housing play a significant role in the environment and the movement of people. Pruitt Igoe failed for several reasons; the two major ones are the isolation of the location, and the second one is people losing jobs, and the city becoming demographically unstable. Isolation happened due to the decentralization of the building and architectural flaws. People became secluded from the rest of the population and as such, the area started to receive bad reputation within the city. The level of security started to go down which resulted in people moving out and abandoning the projects. The second reason was related to people losing jobs and being unable to pay for rent. This led to the worsening of conditions, deterioration of basic services and general living conditions. Plumbing and fires became a common occurrence, and people were forced to leave. The movie is titled “The Pruitt Igoe Myth” where “myth” relates to the unresolved problems, and people’s inability to clearly identify the factors that led to the deterioration. In the beginning of the construction, people have dreamt that it will be a perfect place to live. After the buildings were complete, it did become a dream life for many, but it did not last very long. Even though it was meant to provide a better life for people, it turned out to be a myth because a building alone cannot make sure that people have a better existence. The housing was only a framework, but many condit
The art of Ancient Greece played an essential role in the development of the culture and art of humankind. It was determined by Greece’s social and historical development, which was profoundly different from the development of the countries and peoples of the Ancient East. In Greece, despite the existence of slavery, the free labor of artisans played a considerable role – until the development of slavery had its destructive effect on it. In Greece, the first principles of democracy in history were formed within the framework of a slave-owning society, making it possible to develop bold and profound ideas that affirmed the beauty and significance of man. The art of Ancient Greece is a journey into the world of man, his harmonious beauty – external and internal. Ancient Greek art is the perfection of forms, the precision of lines, and content spirituality. It is a synthesis of arts: a combination of architecture and painting, sculpture and architecture, painting and sculpture. Ancient Greek artists felt a great need to express their feelings through art. As a result, magnificent vessels, associated vase paintings, beautiful statues, majestic temples, and incomparable literature were born. The ancient creators gave the world new aesthetics, culture, literature, and art. The marble head of Athena, an ancient Greek sculpture, made the most remarkable impression on me this semester. An unknown author created this sculpture at the end of the third or second century BC (Marble head of Athena). The head is made in full size and was part of a statue that probably depicted a goddess walking forward. It is impossible not to note the many details in the sculpture: ears pierced for metal earrings and a helmet made of marble or bronze, which the goddess initially wore (Marble head of Athena). The goddess’s face is marked by strong emotion, and the head itself is in motion, so it seems that the wind is about to start moving her hair. This living force, passion, and beauty, combined with the fascinating image of Athens as a whole, attracted me to this sculpture. In addition, it is interesting that this statue was probably not inside the temple but stood in an open space, symbolizing the role of Athena as a wise defender. As mentioned above, the statue’s composition is dynamic, which makes it easy to feel the strength and determination that the author of the sculpture has invested in their creation (Marble head of Athena). The sculpture of Athena intrigues her with its belligerence and, at the same time, feminine softness and beauty, which radiate from her eyes. The author managed to put mystery in her look and some unasked question on her half-open lips. I believe the meaning of t
Introduction Stereotyping can be defined as the act of exaggerating, oversimplifying, or preconceiving ideas that a person is acting in a certain manner because he or she belongs to a certain group, gender, socio-economic status, or a certain race. Stereotyping has resulted in prejudice and discrimination of one group, race, or culture due to preconceived ideas that people from that group or race have certain undesirable behaviors (T. J. & Daggatt, 1990). Impacts of stereotyping in business negotiations across cultural boundaries Stereotyping can be associated with poor payment in women as compared to men. This is so because when it comes to negotiating starting salary, in most cases women shy away from asking for better pay as compared to the males who often state their starting salary higher than the females (Hendon & Herbig, 1996). This is because they believe that the males are highly competitive, manipulative and most of the time winning negotiation and thus attain good deals from their opponents. On the other hand, women are said to be accommodating and always willing to save the existing relationships and thus will easily accept the bid offered by their opponent (Samovar, et al. (2000). If this were right, we can expect the males to attain better business deals and salaries as compared to the females. This has been seen in the case of England where men are being paid higher salaries than women. Another impact of stereotyping in business negotiations across cultural differences is that there is discrimination and mistrust among the negotiating teams. When the negotiating teams are on the table, one team may seem to mistrust the other team based on their culture, for instance, in the case of England negotiating business with the Americans, the Americans may lose trust in the England people because of their past histories. This may lead to the business deals not maturing and bitterness to the England people (Hill, 2000). Stereotyping may also result in cross-boundary wars. This can be seen in the case of due to the negative thinking on one side the other side may feel unrepresented in some issues that affect both the groups. This may result in one group rioting or fighting for the actual representation in the issue. The riot may cause more deaths and hatred among the two groups. For instance, in the case of England negotiating with the Americans, the England people may develop hatred toward the Americans and this may result in war between the two countries (Hendon & Herbig, 1996). Stereotyping has also lead to the stagnation of the economy of a country. When there is stereotyping on a certain country, investors will not come to invest in that country. This will lead to the economy
Genetic Testing Genetic testing is a process where medical tests are used to identify mutations (changes) in an individual’s genes or chromosomes. Several hundreds of genetic tests exist today and many are still being developed. Genetic tests can be carried out for diseases that can be inherited. Thus, the tests can be used in many situations. For instance, to test for cancer risk, predictive gene testing can be done. In other cases, carrier screening is carried out in a situation where one person in a family’s history has a mutant copy of a particular gene. Pre-implantation testing can be done in prenatal periods such that embryos are tested before implantation. Value of Genetic Testing Although genetic testing has its drawbacks, its benefits far outnumber them. First of all, it provides a clearer understanding of one’s risk of particular cancer. By this, one can be in a perfect position to make an informed decision concerning his or her health. Negative results on families that are at high risk of particular cancer can be quite relieving. Positive results could help one confront the disease soon enough. It, therefore, matters not whether the results are positive or negative. Genetic testing is also useful for people already diagnosed with cancer. Diagnosing the tumor can always help decide on its outlook. This helps in deciding on the proper treatment and management of that cancer. Genetic Counseling Genetic counseling can be conducted before or after genetic testing. Managing and dealing with information touching on cancer pose a challenge to many people. The segment most likely to be disturbed is that of people who have a strong family health history of particular cancer. Even for those families that do not have such history, understanding issues to do with the disease can be equally challenging. This is why genetic counseling comes in handy. Through it, individuals or their families may get specialized training and guidance by being provided with an array of useful information, relevant resources as well as support. Value of Genetic Counseling The psychological benefits of genetic counseling are many. This is because genetic testing becomes risky when the results have a high potential of indicating that one is at high risk. This counseling may help them know what to do. For example, they may be advised about the need for frequent check-ups. Even though negative results may be relieving to an individual, that individual may not know that such results may not necessarily indicate that they may not develop cancer in the future. It is now the role of genetic counselors to help such individuals be aware of this fact. They may impress upon such people the need for regular check-ups. Value of knowing that one has a particular genetic mutation It still important for one to know that they have a particular genetic mutation. First of all, the uncertainty over whether one is at a higher risk than the rest of the population shall be removed. Secondly, with genetic testing, one will have obtained an almost accurate estimate of the risk they are exposed to than they would have by
Introduction In every organisation, there are some key management decisions about marketing, which play a pivotal role in determining the performance of an organisation. Managers have the ability to control these variables in their attempt to maximize the satisfaction level of their customers. These include the product, price, distribution and management. These variables are referred to as management mix. When combined in the right manner, these management mix variables contribute in improving the performance of an organisation. To Gloria Jean’s coffees, promotion as a marketing strategy has significantly contributed to the company’s success. Gloria Jean’s coffees started as a family coffee shop near Chicago, United States, almost thirty years ago. Currently, Gloria Jean’s coffee has been ranked as the second largest coffee retailer in the world (Becatti, 2007). Furthermore, the organisation has opened eight hundred stores all over the world. Gloria Jean’s coffee is the market leader in several countries. For instance, the company has dominated the market in Australia. The company has been attracting cooperation of other companies due to its well developed reputation. For instance, the company joined hands with hospitality major Citymax India to launch a chain of coffee house across India in early 2008 (Rao, 2009). Up to date, the company has been expanding. One strategy that has contributed to this rapid expansion is promotion. Recently, the company has opened a shop in South Africa. According to Becatti (2007), the company has recorded a rate of growth of between 35 and 45 percent since its establishment in February 2007. In order to protect its market, the company should effectively apply promotion as a marketing policy mix. This will enable the company to maintain high level of sales. As already noted, promotion is one of the main marketing mix variables used in maximizing the level of customer satisfaction. The promotion process involves selling the company’s product to the potential consumers. Promotion tools used by Gloria Jean’s Coffees As already noted, Gloria Jean’s Coffees is one of the most successful coffee franchises in the world. The company has recorded a high rate of expansion and growth which has been the main factors which have contributed to its growth. The company’s success can be attributed to its well structured promotion strategy that is part of its marketing mix. The company uses several methods of promotion. These include advertising, public relations, personal selling, media, and messages. Gloria Jean’s Coffees supplies each of its market with adequate marketing tools, a factor which has significantly contributed to its success (Gloria Jean’s Coffees, 2011). The company has applied intensively best practices in promotions as well as images in its effort to deliver in the markets its core values which involves adaptation to the local tastes Adv