ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Poetry is a sensitive type of art. Poetry is something more than just lyric words, it is something which impossible to describe by words and it may be just felt. Poetry is not a combination of words; it is a combination of symbols, feelings, and emotions. People describe their feelings, the most important and emotional ideas through poetry. It is impossible to retell the poetic work of any author as it is not a mind description but a fly of the heart. Our task is to compare and contrast the poetry of Robert Frost with that of Dylan Thomas in terms of their themes, style, and use of imagistic elements. It is impossible to talk about poets’ works without following their biographies as all the emotions which appear in their lives, of no importance whether they are good or bad, influence the poets’ writings. The periods when the poets created are also very important as the works mostly depend on the time and era when they live. Robert Lee Frost is an American writer who was born on March 26, 1874, in San Francisco. He began to write poems when he was a student. He came to England with his wife in 1912. And in 1913, he placed his first book of poems A Boy’s Will in a small London edition. When England entered the First World War, in 1915, he had to return to America. He continued to write and describe to the interviews the aim of his writings. (Pritchard) The themes of Frost’s poems may divide his creations into several parts. First, he wrote “poems about the hard work, difficulty, and uncertainty of country life” (Poetic Modes in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century), he showed a dramatic or even sympathetic attitude to his New England character. He was against the social and political reforms that he depicted in his poems. The other period is when he became “expert at composing poems that had affinities with light verse and that consisted of a pointed, witty treatment of issues and ideas” (Pritchard). Frost’s poems are telling us about his attitude to life, his country, and people. He is looking for some universal themes which could be interesting to everybody and very often he turned to rural life in his works. The works of the poet became more occasional, relaxation after the Second World War. At the end of 1962, the poet was sent for a prostate operation, during which he suffered a severe heart attack, and in the process of treatment, he died of a series of embolisms. Robert Lee Frost died on January 29, 1963. (Pritchard) Dylan Thomas was born in 1941 in South Wales, his parents were Welsh. Thomas was happy during his childhood; he was full of life, dreamy, and with a vivid imagination. He was not good in all subjects except English. He became an editor of a school magazine and during that time he wrote his first poem. Thomas’ poems are like the reflection of his childhood dreams and emotions. His first book with poems was published
Introduction Every major player is working on this technology of artificial intelligence. As of now, it is benign…….but I would say that the day is not far off when artificial intelligence as applied to cyber warfare becomes a threat to everybody. Ted Bell Cyber threats are threatening to tear apart the American fabric. Right from the emergence of heightened cybercrime, fears of criminal such as terrorists taking advantage of digital platforms, corporate and even state cyber surveillance systems, the matter of cyber security has generally become extremely important not only American issue but also global issue (The NIS 2009, 2-4). In the United States, there have been some concerted efforts to dealing with the issue of cyber threats (The NIS 2009, 12-14). Some of these efforts include establishing strong surveillance systems. Other efforts include enactment of tough laws around the issue of cyber security (US Congress 2009, 2-3). Yet these endeavors have not been any successful in dealing with cyber security as most of government databases, state databases and organizational databases have continued to falling to hackers (US Department of Justice 2010, 2-7). Thus, this paper will be guided by the following research question: “ What is the reason behind the continued threats of cyber attacks in the United States of America?” Even though cyber threats are borderless and also an international phenomena, different countries have their national mechanisms to protect their institutions from being susceptible to cyber attackers. Based on the fact that cyber criminals have no specific place that they can come from, this paper will also touch on close and systematic global cooperation between United States and internal partners specifically in terms of monitoring, tracking, restricting and disciplining those who take part in this heinous act. Thus, in order to fully answer this research question, the paper will also look at approaches (such as task forces or agencies), undertakings (programs and missions), agreements (treaties, conventions.) as well as challenges (the issues that hinder creation of preventive mechanisms). Thus, the paper will briefly review existing literature particularly on the topic of cyber security in the USA, outlining the main hypothesis, study variables as well as core parameters. The paper will also explain what cyber threats really are and for purposes of elucidation give some specific examples and the existing variations. It must be understood that in order to understand the cyber issues in the USA, it is also good to relate it to international framework as cyber threat is an international phenomenon. Hypothesis This paper will show that diverse values or considerations directly cause a lack of concerted efforts to stem t
Key word when defining decisions A decision is a conscious adoption of an option from specific alternatives. The decision-maker opts for any possible alternative based on a criterion that suite the context. This is a critical element of management since the administrators have to make decisions. There are idioms that are central to defining decision-making. First, a conscious process implying that the decision-maker is aware of the dilemma that necessitates a decision. Alternative is a terminology that denotes options available as solutions. Prior to choosing any alternative, it is critical that managers make an informed decision. The process of appraising the alternatives generates another terminology, evaluation. Evaluation seeks to establish the implications of all the alternatives. Those three terminologies are vital in the definition of this process. The terminology denotes the key phases of deciding. The process commences with awareness of the situation that an individual is encountering. Consequently, there is an analysis of potential alternatives. Finally, the process culminates with the selection of an alternative that suite the situation. Description of what constitutes an excellent decision? Fundamentally, a decision is a conscious choice that seeks to resolve a specific situation. Situations necessitating decisions are predominantly unique. This demands the decision-maker to analyze the situation that demands the choice. Thus, guaranteeing that the manager can decide appositely. A reasonable decision emanates from thorough evaluation of the problem. Consequently, there is a generation of all possible alternatives. Nonetheless, it is tricky to make an apt decision since the evaluation of the alternatives is pending. It is imperative for the manager to make an exhaustive appraisal of the existing choices. Analysis of the alternatives will ensure that the manger has the required information to decide. If the majority’s views are credible, an apt decision should encompass them. A decision-maker should make bold choices based on logics rather than popularity. This will ensure that there no disastrous consequences once an alternative is approved. Conclusively, the constituents of an apt decision will vary depending on the situation. Overall, a
Introduction Substance abuse is defined as overindulgence in and dependence on a drug or other chemical that leads to effects that are harmful to the individual’s physical and mental health or the welfare of others. Often, this disorder is characterized by a pattern of continued use of medication, non medically indicated drugs or toxins that result in repeated adverse social consequences related to drug use, such as failure to meet work, family, or school obligations, interpersonal conflicts, or legal problems. Military substance abuse, therefore, refers to the people working in the department of defense and in one way or the other are overindulging themselves in drug abuse or rather depending on a drug or chemical that might be detrimental to their physical or mental health. Drug abuser takes the substances in most cases to have fun. Some of them are either stressed or have tension. It is believed that drugs are taken to make somebody forget the problem at hand for some time. Main Body Military personnel being human beings are not an exception altogether. They too face different kinds of stress. The nature of their training is not only physically demanding but mentally challenging. This is purposely done to make them tougher and ready to deal with any kind of situation hence deliberately put under strenuous training. Some even find it difficult to strike a balance between their families and job responsibilities. As a result, many of them find solace in alcohol and other addictive drugs that they think will make them forget about their problems and relax their minds for a little bit. Consequently, since it is habitual, they end up becoming addicted to the substances. Presidents Nixon and Reagan made it clear that the drug problem was a threat to our national security hence they initiated a drug counteroffensive program in 1971. According to them, drug abuse inhibits performance in many military functions: military training, troop morale, military readiness was greatly being affected. Moreover, there was impairment in memory, accuracy, coordination, and judgment. Unproductively and inefficiency was also recorded as being caused by the drugs. At times, they caused the illness that eventually led to death. (Midanik and Clark, 1994) To counteract this problem, the Army Substance abuse came up strongly with its program. The purpose of this program was to provide up to date information on drug and alcohol trends affecting the military community, to provide training material and resources to the commander to utilize in the training the units about drug and alcohol, and provide the community a resource for drug abuse prevention products to the military. (Midanik and Clark, 1994) In this respect, major changes in policies took place: the Army published a revision to Army Regulation (AR) 600-85, effective 15 October 2001. The most noticeable change was the name of the program; it changed from the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Program to the Army Substance Abuse Program. In addition, t
Achieving sustained rapid growth requires a compact group of entrepreneurs who will create immense wealth through legitimacy. A significant part of this capital will remain in the hands of these entrepreneurs (Atkinson, 2019). Importantly, the ability to remain the owners of a substantial amount of accumulated wealth is the primary motivation for such individuals. Similarly, in the early stages of economic growth, rapid recovery is often concentrated in a few large cities, leading to increased income inequality between urban and rural populations and between different regions. The fight against poverty and its prevention is the priority task of any socially-oriented state policy. There are two main methods of combatting the issue known in the world. The first, used in developed countries, is to ensure high social guarantees, worthy of minimum incomes (wages and pensions), guaranteeing high consumption standards. The second method is a system of targeted social assistance to those in need. In developed countries, this method is an additional one, exclusively for a narrow circle of people in an extreme situation. Conversely, in developing countries, it is the main one. It is necessary to create conditions that allow the working population to earn enough to not live in a state of poverty. Moreover, it is required to develop an effective system of support for socially vulnerable groups of the population: disabled people, the elderly, refugees, families with a high dependency burden, and people in extreme situations. It is essential to resist discrimination against the poor in access to free and subsidized social services. Additionally, it is important to ensure the conditions for the independent exit of the population from poverty by the institutional regulation of the labor market improvement of mechanisms for the practical implementation of legal norms on labor. The government should be focused on establishing the legalization of informal models of behavior of not only workers but also employers, ensuring decent wages, and reducing the real tax burden. Reference Atkinson, A. B. (2019). Measuring poverty around the world . Princeton University Press.
Introduction The TV programme describes the history how such a regiment in the British army was formed. According to the program, the army was formed to overthrow the monarchy and, unfortunately, this attempt appeared to be unsuccessful. Currently, they serve as bodyguards to the Queen and participate in ceremonial duties. They are known to have participated in active military conflict for the past 300 years. The army is facing reduction because of expenditure. Aim The aim of this paper is to give analysis on a TV program relating to that was aired on October 18 th , 2011. Methodology The study involves watching a TV program as a primary source of information for collecting data. Secondary research was from sources that have been written by other people. Internet sources played an important role in provision of materials that has been prepared by other researchers. Content analysis is an appropriate method that helps in summarizing any form of content. Various aspects of the content are counted to do a thorough analysis of the research topic. Content analysis will throw more light on the individual’s character and personal preferences. Content analysis is an effective method when it comes to analyze issues that involve both genders and when a comparison becomes necessary to s
The enlightenment period is when reasoning was advocated as the only source of authority and legitimacy in Europe (Paine, 208). The period was experienced in different countries such as Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Netherlands simultaneously and ended with the Atlantic Revolutions leading to the independence of America from the British Empire (Berlin, 132). During this period man used reasoning to understand the natural world and his position in the world without relying on religious beliefs for answers. Emmanuel Kant on enlightenment Emmanuel Kant defines enlightenment as man’s emergence from self imposed immaturity that made him unable to reason within himself claiming that laziness and cowardice makes man fear acting and always look for extra guidance since it is easy to be immature(De Groër264). Immaturity promotes laziness as people rely on one another for every aspect of activity around as non is willing to work for himself or herself for example, if one can pay, others will work for him, if one needs information the book is available and provides information. Immaturity has therefore become part of mans life making it difficult for any individual to work himself out of this bondage (Berlin, 216). Freedom is the most important agent of enlightenment as the most free individual will able to move away from immaturity of non reasoning nature to a point of knowing what to do every time. The public therefore gradually enlightens itself, a situation that that made it possible for the Western Europe citizens to overthrow the aristocratic regimes of the seventeenth and eighteenth century (Paine, 109). He added that the move for enlightenment cannot be controlled through intimidation of rulers to the subjects at any given time however the establishment of laws in a country restricts citizens from exploiting the freedom since they are required to obey and not question any policy or rule of the government (De Groër266). Freedom enables citizens to develop a sense of responsibility to their nation and society at large, they learn to the pay tax, and participate in other duties of the society and avoid dogmatic in religious beliefs (Paine, 278). The sprit of freedom Kant, explains as capable of extending struggle to barbaric activities of the rulers to the subjects due to loss of order and harmony as a result of poor rules by rulers (Berlin, 324). Man emerged from self imposed immaturity due to several reasons such as; rulers having no interest in assuming their role on subjects and because immaturity is destructive and shameful that no man would like to associate with this spirit extended to series of movements and association o
Ruslan Sokolovsky, a Russian YouTube blogger, was guilty of playing a video game “Pokémon GO” in an Orthodox church. The most prestigious and famous newspapers in the world described this case in their daily columns. The adjudication of the Russian blogger for playing a “Pokémon GO” game in a church is to be discussed below. A Reason for Judging My task for this assignment was to find and to compare three newspaper articles on a religious topic. I preferred to enlighten the case of Ruslan Sokolovsky, a scandalous video blogger from Russia. He has decided to play an extremely popular game “Pokémon GO” inside of an Orthodox church (Cresci, 2017). He would not do it if Russian government had not established a law that put a restriction on doing so in a church. “Pokémon GO” became the biggest trend in 2016 – many people were playing it with their friends, parents, classmates, and siblings. Ruslan Sokolovsky filmed a video of him playing this videogame in a restricted place and posted it to YouTube video hosting. He wanted to show his subscribers that nothing crucial can happen to him, but suddenly, he got arrested and remanded in custody for the committed perpetration. Articles in the Newspapers I took three articles of The Guardian, The New York Times, and The Washington Post to compare their presentations of the case that was mentioned above. The Washington Post emphasized how atheistic Ruslan Sokolovsky was – this article did not give any credit to the blogger, nor to the Russian government. It says that this situation is ridiculous and that catching “Pokémon” is not worth the court’s attention – there are more significant issues and crimes
Introduction Krebs, Lindquist, Warner, Fisher, and Martin (2009) – affiliated with Ohio and North Carolina universities as well as with the RTI International multidisciplinary research institute in North Carolina – embarked on a cross-sectional survey of undergraduate women. The research team had an express interest in linking sexual assault on women with extenuating circumstances such as use of force, alcohol and drug abuse. The lead authors, Krebs and Lindquist, both possess doctorate degrees. Neither are listed in the official expert roster of RTI, with which they claim affiliation. However, the former claims Senior Research Social Scientist status at the Institute, with special interests in juvenile justice/delinquency, adult offenders and inmates, substance abuse policy, and epidemiology. On the other hand, Lindquist pursues post-Doctoral Fellow research on nutrition, unrelated to the thrust of the study in question. The title of the report published in the Journal of American College Health was clear enough but erred on the side of being tendentious and long. One suggests that “…Before and Since Entering College” could have been just accurately supplanted with “…in Adolescence.” On the other hand, the Abstract was clear enough and conformed to the usual standards of concise abstracts in ordinary professional journals. Statement of the Problem Krebs et al. (2009) articulate the problem as a “very high” incidence of sexual assault on college women, aggravated by use of force, and abuse of alcohol and narcotics on the part of the victims. The researchers cite prior evidence that a preponderance of rape victims were intoxicated or had consumed drugs. Other evidence had come from a longitudinal study that one in 30 women had experienced rape while being so intoxicated they could not have possibly given consent. Further, anecdotal evidence motivated the authors to quantify the incidence of “drug-facilitated sexual assault” (DFSA), whether narcotics were taken voluntarily or forced. It is the latter dichotomy, certainly narrow enough, that defines the purpose of the Campus Sexual Assault Study, of which this article is one report/offshoot. Literature Review The literature review makes use of quite recent studies, is clear and concise enough for the stated purpose, and does identify both what is known and unknown. The oldest research cited (the College Alcohol Study or CAS) started in 1997 but, being longitudinal, results were published only starting 2002. Proceeding in deductive fashion, the research team first drew on the lessons of the 2005 Core Alcohol and Drug Survey, apparently the first to establish the link between the experience of sexual victimization and being under the influence of alcohol or narcotic drugs at the time. Next, the CAS was cited for extending learning to the claim of being so intoxicated that female victims could not possibly have given consent to the sex act. A third, published in 2003 and subsequently validated by the same research team, suggested that adult women in Buffalo (NY) had experienced unwanted sex from either voluntary or forced consumption of alcohol and narcotics. All three are, of course
Introduction Buddhism is known on all the continents as one of the prominent world religions. While remaining integral regarding the most significant points of the religion, several distinctive features are observed in different countries. According to Powers, new practices and doctrines develop in the process of adaptation to the context of another cultural environments (1). Buddhism has spread predominantly in Asia, reaching vast areas and an extensive number of people. Buddhism differs according to the major schools in most of the countries, either Mahāyāna or Theravāda, but there are other minor differences in local schools. Although such aspects of Buddhism as the ritual activity, meditation, and merit remain essential in all countries, the emphasis on each of them varies in different areas due to historical reasons. The Origin of Buddhism and its Major Aspects Buddhism takes its origin from the Ganges River Valley in Northeastern India and the story of the first Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama. As the narratives state, once he remembered all his lives in the past and realized how what consequences his actions had on his subsequent reincarnations (Powers 60). He became Buddha and gathered disciples in the valley of the Ganges who spread the knowledge and contributed to the scripture. Owing to the activity of the disciples and royal support, Buddhism has rapidly spread through the whole territory of India. Its popularity later decreased to individual regions, such as the state of Himachal Pradesh, but instead, it advanced across the entire continent. Economic relations with other countries, especially the close location of the religious center to the Silk Road, served as the ways to transfer Buddhism to East and Southeast Asia. Southeast countries have developed the doctrines of Theravāda school, while Eastern countries and the Himalayan region adhere to Mahāyāna principles. Although Buddhism is widely perceived as the intellectual and spiritual practice, ritual activity is the factor that helps to maintain its popularity through generations. The religion comprises a relatively small percentage of monastic life, and the majority of the population generally does not relate to religion intellectually, so the rituals are essential. According to Powers, Buddhist rituals are religious practices strongly connected to lunar phases and characterized by chanting (mantr