ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary The geographical location of Dubai has given this city the advantage of becoming an international logistics hub. Dubai’s increasing logistical capabilities provide opportunities both to the UAE and the Arabian Peninsula at large. The government of Dubai is currently funding the construction of an aerotropolis dubbed the DWC that will become the largest airport in the world. When compared to other GCC countries, it is noted that Dubai has one of the most efficient logistics infrastructure. However, in attempts to become an international logistics hub, the city is faced with organisational and institutional challenges that should be fully addressed. Introduction It is noted that the process of trade internalisation is propelled by 2 main engines. These are logistics and telecommunication. Technological advancements in information and communication have attracted a great deal of attention because of the manner in which they have transformed the day to day operations of individuals and institutions in the sector. This fact is evidenced by the influence of satellite TV, the internet and the cellular phone among other technological devices (Abdel-Maksoud & Mustapha 2009). Logistics as a driver for trade internalisation has been equally momentous. Because of the ever increasing desire to integrate, connect and standardise procedures and handling of operations in the transport sector, economies all over the world have access to synergies that were unthinkable 30 years ago (Air Cargo World 2010a). Th
Human Trafficking is a “crime committed against humanity” (UNODC 1). It involves “the act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring, or receiving a person through the use of force, coercion or other means, for the purpose of exploiting them” (UNODC 1). A large number of people are reported to fall into the hands of the human traffickers every year, both within their countries and in foreign countries (UNODC 1). Each and every nation across the world experiences the effects of trafficking (Koettl 3). Basing on the conventional estimates, the human trafficking cost is more than twenty billion dollars (Makisaka 1). Moreover, Makisaka points out that it is probably not possible to quantify the “cost to human capital” (Makisaka 1). The human trafficking problem “cuts across a range of development issues: from poverty to social inclusion, to justice and rule of law issues” ( Makisaka 1). Following this, this problem of human trafficking has drawn the attention of the practitioners all through the development community. Basing on the “U.S Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report 2010”, it has been established that the number of children as well as adults who are presently in forced prostitution, as well as in forced labor and bonded labor, is about twelve million in the United States of America (Johnson 7). Internationally, about two people in every one thousand are victims of human trafficking and this number is even higher in the Pacific and Asia, where three people in every one thousand are victims. It is also reported that, so far, 62 nations across the world have not convicted a human trafficker under the United Nations protocol “to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons” (Johnson 7), and one hundred and four nations have not come up with laws that deal with human trafficking (Johnson 7). It is reported that human trafficking is a very profitable business which is associated with relatively lower levels of risks and has abundant supply and increasing demand. It is found that, even in those regions or countries where trafficking is regarded as a very serious criminal offense, a larger number of investigations do not lead to having the offenders getting convicted. Economic exploitation is possibly the greatest incentive for having an increased number of human trafficking cases (Makisaka 1). Human Trafficking as a Development Issue Human trafficking is found to be a development issue. The common development dimensions like lack of employment, poverty, inadequate education, poverty, lack of strong rule of law and lack of good governance are greatly connected to exposure to human trafficking. Considering poverty, this is foun
Comfort Women During World War II, the term comfort women were used to describe women who were enlisted to give sexual service and pleasure to the Japanese Imperial Army in the so-called comfort stations all over East Asia. According to wikipedia.com, comfort women are the forced sexual slavery among women who are into prostitution for the Japanese military brothels during World War II. It is said that based on some researchers and historians that among the victims, the majority were from Korea, China, and Japan. Even though the majority were from these countries, women from the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan, Dutch East Indies, Indonesia, and other Japanese-occupied terrains were also exploited to become their comfort stations. The said comfort stations were located in Japan, China, the Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand, Burma, Indonesia, Macau, New Guinea, and French Indochina. The women from the said countries were kidnapped from their residences; some women were employed with proposals to work in the military – it is reported that women were under forced employment. (wikipedia.com) On the other hand, as stated by a Japanese historian named Ikuhiko Hata, the Japanese government and/or military did not plan or organized any forced employment of comfort women. Up to now, the extent and character of sexual slavery by the Japanese military is still being discussed, argued, and debated. Using the statement of a former comfort woman, some Japanese historians disputed that the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy were either straightly circuitously involved in forcing, tricking, ensnaring, and even kidnapping young women all over their Asian colonies and occupied terrains. (wikipedia.com) Affirmation of Kim Hak-soon In 1991, the issues regarding comfort women exploded in the public when a woman from South Korea came out to the public and testify the issue regarding comfort women. Kim Hak-soon was the first comfort woman who went out to the public and speaks regarding the said issue. Because of the said event, an international movement demanding the Japanese government to make an apology and pay compensation for what they’ve done that was considered to be sexual slavery was rapidly initiated. In the time of 1996, the United Nations Human Rights Commission filed an account regarding the matter that was primarily based on the witnesses and victimized comfort women’s testimony. But unfortunately, the report was disparaged by some historians in Japan; thus dismissing the case and concluding that the pertinent testimony was unreliable. Aside from that, they also insist that the comfort women were not forcibly taken or kidnapped. Since 1991, former c
Marketing is the engine of contemporary world. There many definitions offered by scholars on what marketing is. I would define marketing as a system that monitors and enhances the trade activities as per the purchasing power, demand, and supply. There are various industries and manufacturers that need marketing strategies in order define what to do to improve their products and increase the rates of sales. Therefore, marketing is a wonderful tool to foresee and take actions towards successful future of a separately taken business or manufacturing. Also, marketing is an amazing tool to deliver the value of the product to customers. The hierarchy of needs is the pyramid of human desires and necessities that make the life comprehensive and full. Therefore, the first need is physiological: shelter, food, sleep, sex, etc. A good example of product that would satisfy the first need is food. Good food is what a person needs to feel well. The next need is safety which means a lot for a human and happens to meet tomorrow’s physiological needs. A good product that would ensure satisfaction of the need is a fire alarm system, for example. Or if a job is about driving around – a good vehicle mans security. The next is social need in family, friends, or relationships. Staying in touch with people you love presents a mobile phone as a good example of a product to satisfy the need like that. Self-esteem is usually satisfied by a prestigious house with an expensive car and health insurance.
Even though some educators see researching as a compulsory task to obtain certain status in academia, it is important for the development of the entire society. Researchers identify issues to be addressed and provide effective solutions to the problems outlined. Conducting research is a certain kind of participation in the ongoing debate on important issues. Admittedly, debate and discussion lead to solutions and ideas which improve practice. Nonetheless, conducting research is also associated with certain limitations. It is possible to focus on three major advantages and three disadvantages of researching to reveal its importance for the development of any area of human activity, especially when it comes to education. One of the major advantages of conducting research is the chance to participate in a broader discussion of particular issues. With the help of research, people accumulate knowledge and each researcher adds to his/her knowledge (Creswell, 2008). Every educator researches specific issues he/she encounters. It is necessary to note that research is based on data. Therefore, educators do not only share their opinions, but they provide specific data which justify their conclusions or refute some theories. Accumulation of knowledge is of paramount importance for educators as it helps them develop efficient tools to address existing issues and even foresee upcoming problems. Another advantage of conducting research is that it provides practitioners with particular tools to address their issues. Creswell (2008, p. 4) stresses that research “suggests improvements for practice”. Therefore, educators (as well as practitioners in other fields) may find many effective solutions to their problems or develop new tools to address issues. Admittedly, this positively affects the development of every field as sharing particular tools helps practitioners develop their strategies to address a variety of issues (McKay, 2007). Thus, Koshy (2005) notes that the use of action research enables practitioners (especially novice educators) to outline an issue and develop specific strategies to address it. In other words, educators outline problems and solutions applicable in particular situations. Another important advantage of conducting research is that it can be generalized and transformed into policies that can be applicable and beneficial in a variety of situations. Creswell (2008) claims that the ongoing debate and several tools provided by practitioners enable policymakers to come up with appropriate policies which will positively affect the entire system. Therefore, it is possible to note that conducting research helps a practitioner be aware of the ongoing debate on issues. It also helps educators develop particular tools to address every issue. Finally, it helps practitioners bring the issue to the fore and help policymakers work out effective strategies which may make a difference. As has been mentioned above, conducting research is also associated with disadvantages. It is necessary to note that the disadvantages do not belittle the importance of conducting research. However, it is necessary to understand these dis
Introduction Motivation is very important tool in our daily business life. Motivation means to influence someone to do something willingly to achieve any goal or objectives. Motivation is the mixture of wants, needs and drives within the individual which seek gratification through the acquisition or object. Marketers continually ask what ultimately promotes the consumer to purchase their product. Clearly consumer motivations are complex, and marketers must work vigorously to uncover them. According to motivation theory, environmental stimuli may activate the drive to satisfy an underlying need. Theorists like Abraham Maslow and Henry Murray have elaborate models of the way physiological and social needs influence behavior. That means an influencer or motivator influence or motivate someone to do something willingly according to the motivator’s will in order to achieve goal. According to Assael, et. al. (2007), “[m]otivation can be defined as the inner force that drives individual to reflect goal-directed arousal and it is important to note that motivation plays a very crucial role in the current society as it is the psychological power that influences an individual to work towards a desired goal”. The purpose of this essay is to describe the motivational theories and the affect of it on the buyer or consumer. In the modern marketing system a marketer always tries to motivate the customers to buy his products. Marketing means to gain profit through customer satisfaction. So to achieve customer’s satisfaction a marketer always tries to know the need of the consumer or the intension of the customer, then provide information about the essential goods and services that the customer looking for. And finally sell the goods or services to the customer. It should be mention here that marketers do not only satisfy the customers demand, they create demand of a product after knowing the customer’s detail information. That means the marketers transform a customers need into a product. And here we find the best use of the motivational theories. Motivational theories help to classify the customers to understand their need and demand. All the customers are not in same status or class, so they are diff
Strokes are devastating. The devastation is more pronounced when victims are young people since they are enthusiastic at this stage. To move on after a stroke, it is important to focus on continuing to pursue individual goals as opposed to dwelling on the misfortune of falling victim to a stroke. As the case of Tate illustrates, through assistance, stroke victims can pursue their dreams despite the setbacks experienced. Strokes remain disturbing as far as understanding how they occur is concerned. As the case of Tate illustrates, many causes of strokes remain unidentifiable. Although the causes are not easily identifiable, physicians always attempt to understand them. As the article points out, the causes of strokes in the young population may be similar to those that cause the strokes in adults. However, there are slight differences. In the old generation, risk factors include hypertension, cardiac and atherosclerosis diseases. Although atherosclerosis and other related conditions contribute towards the occurrence of strokes, there is no evidence to link diabetes and obesity to the occurrence of the condition. Instead, strokes in the young people are associated with pre-existing conditions or deficiencies that remained undetected. In most cases, the delay may be until the times that the strokes take place. Disorders and congenital defects such as thrombophilic and inter-atrial septum defects partly contribute to the occurrence of strokes (Glomstad 1). The danger of drugs poses an exclusive risk to the young population. Based on the article, either drug abuse resulting from illegal or prescription use is much less in the adult population (Glomstad 1). Using drugs such as cocaine presents a risk as it lowers the cerebrovascular blood flow roughly by thirty percent. Marijuana is another drug that contributes to reducing blood pressure. Heavy alcohol and cigarette consumption are associated with a high incidence of strokes. Fluctuations in blood pressure may lead to weakening of blood vessels. Overall, the use of illicit drugs plays a big role in interfering with blood pressure and predisposes an individual to the risk of a stroke. Hormonal changes may increase the risk of women suffering from strokes. Women who use oral contraceptives are at a higher risk of being affected by strokes. Research has also shown that postmenopausal women who are on estrogen replacement therapy are at increased risk (Glomstad 1). Although the article does not show evidence that the incidence of strokes is increasing among the young generation, it is valuable to focus on preventive measures. Researchers point to lifestyle trends as a major concern. In this regard, diabetes and obesity among young people are cited as worrying trends. As such, poor diet, excessive smoking, and drinking present a big health challenge. Thus, it is valuable to al
Introduction The rate of cell phone use has been increasing since mid 1980, and this industry has been ranked as being the most growing in the world. Cell phone use has got lots of application be in business, between families and between those in transit. Though all these situations use cell phones, but the equipment is very useful particularly to those in transit, including those driving vehicles most of phone operators have reported to be using the technology. In real sense, a large percentage of phone calls have been found to be initiated by motor vehicle drivers. However, many scholars and government agencies have argued that, the use of cell phones while driving “increases the risk of traffic collisions, property damage, injuries, and fatalities” (Lissy, & Cohen 2000, 2) This concern however, has made many policymakers to be in a dilemma of whether to prohibit or just regulate this behavior of drivers using cellular phones while vehicle are in motion. This research paper provides benefits accrued from drivers’ use of cell phones while vehicles are in motion should not be prohibited. Personal Benefits Using cellular phones while driving reduces unnecessary travels or even minimize trip distance, which at the end reduces total time on the road since it allows efficient communication friends, family members, as well as other parties having traveling schedules that are supposed to be coordinated with the driver. Apart from reducing time and distance, this benefit ends up saving fuel consumption, traffic accident exposure, and vehicle wear and road pollution. Another benefit is reducing drivers’ tendency of speeding. In case a driver is becoming late, there are higher chances that he will speed up the vehicle to reach at his destination in time to carry out his business. However, a driver can just make a call notifying those waiting for him if his late arrival, hence there will be no need of speeding up. This will at the end reduce the accident chances by a very high percentage, (Gerdes 2008, 56). Use of cellular phones makes drivers to have peace in their minds. This is because, by making calls, he will be assured that uncertain even
Introduction Mangroves grow in humid tropical areas that are sheltered from the wave and tidal activities of the ocean (Lacerda 2001, p. 292). They are very important in the ecosystem yet they are most threatened in tropical ecosystems (Lacerda 2001, p. 294). Initially, mangrove forests were estimated to have covered over 18.1 million hectares of land (Finlayson et al 2002, p. 67). Many countries including Cuba, the US, Thailand, Malaysia and regions like East Africa have lost significant portions of their mangroves (Finlayson et al 2002, p. 67). Alvarez‐Leon (2001, p. 67) emphasize that if the current rate of mangrove destruction is left unwatched they will disappear in less than 100 years. Causes of mangrove degradation Both human and natural environmental factors have contributed to the degradation of mangroves globally (Lacerda 2001, 292). Degradation however mainly takes place through human activities. According to Kathiresan (2000, p. 185) human activities that have contributed to mangrove degradation include; oil exploration, building and construction of tourist facilities and exploitation of the forests for firewood. Importance of mangrove forests   * Mangrove forests are the most important coastal ecosystems in the world both in terms of production and coastal protection (Lacerda 2001, 294).   * They stabilize shoreline and prevent erosion of coastal shores by tapping sediments.   * They provide habitat for a variety of marine and terrestrial life.   * Additionally, they provide secure breeding places for many coral reefs and fish species.   * Mangroves also protect the coastal land areas from erosion that threaten loss of life and property (Finlayson et al 2002, p. 67). Why mangrove degradation problem have persisted   * The alarming rate at which mangroves are disappearing is a cause for alarm.   * The lukewarm approach from most authorities or the absolute lack of it from others has aggravated the problem.   * Furthermore, degradation and destruction of mangroves has remained unrecognized as a major environmental problem for many years (Lacerda 2001, p. 292).   * Lack of organized and sustainable harvesting of the mangroves have led to the decline of mangroves (Primavera & Esteban, 2008, p. 350).   * Additionally, lack of informed approaches in the commercial exploitations of mangroves (Mastaller, 1996, p. 51).   * Lack of informed visionary approach among stakeholders hinder conservation practices.   * According to Kathiresan (2000, p. 185), mangrove degradation is likely to continue if nothing is done to sensitive people of the dire consequences of their actions.   * Human populations are still expanding and encroaching on the existing mangrove lands.   * Moreover, human continue to dump waste along these coastal regions (figure 4) oblivious of the consequences of the