ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The rehabilitation after a head surgery is a complex process, the success of which is largely dependent on the degree of cooperation between the patient and the therapist. The present paper follows the rehabilitation period of Bobby Robson, a patient who was diagnosed with a brain damage after a car accident. The paper includes interview with Robson and his neurologist, Dr. Milton, tracing the recovery process and providing corresponding support from literature. Bobby Robson, 36, was admitted to Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, with a brain damage as a result of a car crash. Diagnosed with brain damage, injured tissues and labored oxygen flow, Dr. Milton, a neurologist, appointed a surgery for Robson, who lost consciousness several times after the accident. Robson, who was able to answer a few questions right after the accident, stated “I lost control of the car, and the next thing I saw was the rapidly approaching wall”. An examination of the injury as well as a description of the accident revealed that Robson hit a hard surface with his head. Head injuries are one of the major causes of brain damage, most of which are caused by road accidents, falls, and blast injuries. Head injuries are classified as ‘harm caused on the brain after the head is subjected to severe pressure. Head Injuries Head injuries is a serious risk for the population, where studies carried out to determine the number of Americans with head injuries or brain injuries have shown that 1.4 million Americans suffer from head injury every year that is a very disturbing outcome. To accommodate and rehabilitate such cases costs are estimated at around $40 billion. The volume of these prices are credited to behavioral and cognitive changes, still these changes are not properly understood due to DAI being widespread and hard to determine by using standard brain imaging methods. Toward that end, a program known as Traumatic Brain Injury offers an integrated solution and treatment program for patients having traumatic head injuries or diseases. This program deals with individual patient needs, including initial trauma, through physical and medical rehabilitation, behavioral grooming, and community re-entry (Centre for Neuro Skills). A study conducted on patients who were suffering from diffuse axonal injury (DAI) explained the process of head injuries, where during accidents the victims head is banged on hard surfaces causing the brain to shake violently within the skull. This leads to widespread disconnection of the brain cells and subsequently a condition, which is defined as ‘brain damage’ (Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, 1). An individual with brain injury is left with a number of unyielding impairments that continually interf
Introduction The department of human resource (HR) is extremely important in the proper functioning of any given organization. This is because it controls and manages the most important resource: the human resource. It is usually a tremendous challenge to HR managers to coordinate the activities of all employees in the running of the organization as one unit. This is because there are changes every now and then in terms of organization’s activities and policies and introduction of new employees. The HR managers have to take up this role of orienting new employees to the organization for them to fit in effectively and the role of orienting the existing employees to new changes in the organization. In doing this, the HR managers need to ensure that there is effective communication which will bring about cooperation and coordination among the employees and in relation to their superiors. Proper training which requires, patience as one deals with a diverse workforce is vital in facilitating individual adaptation to the new environment or the new changes (Christensen, 2006). Validity Validity is the level to which a given study may answer scientifically the question/s it is set to answer by relating to the real word. The conclusions made after the end of a study should be connected to the study design. There are various types of validity. They include among others external, internal and construct validities. External validity refers generalized conclusions. It is related to the actual real world studying whether for example a sample selected to study a given population is representative of that population. Internal validity on the other hand involves the cause relationship between the variables in a given study. It involves studying the how dependent variables may be influenced by independent variables. Finally construct validity refers to concepts of a given constructs show or measure what they are said to be doing. It is measuring the strength of research tools like for instance questionnaires. These validities although different as has been described are all integrated in a research project. They should all conform to the research theory as this the central aspect of the research. In a research project, for instance you can not only concentrate on the external environment without considering the internal environment and in both you have to ensure that the tools used do measure up to attaining plausible results. A major threat to external validity is determining whether the correct sample to represent the entire population has been selected. There could be biases also in selecting a representative sample of a population. If incorre
Followership Followership can be determined as the actions of individuals who are in a subordinate role (Hamlin 2017). It is also considered a social construct integral to the leadership processes as there should be individuals who follow a leader (Gordon 2017). In such a way, followership guarantees interchange between followers and leaders (Collins & Cooley 2013). Skilled followers have the same importance for the company as leaders since they guarantee that particular instructions will be followed and all processes will be performed at a high level. Leadership and Followership The existing perspective on these two phenomena considers them as two unique aspects that exist in different domains, but impact the functioning of the company (Goleman, Bovatzis & McKee 2013). Leaders create followers while they predetermine the rise of the company and introduce the basis for its future successes or failures (Bolman & Deal 2017). For this reason, the concept of followership remains another significant element impacting organizations at all levels (Sinek 2017). Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Leadership and followership to a greater degree depending on existing needs and demands that impact workers and precondition their motivation levels (Schindler 2014). Figure 1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (McLeod 2018) The given figure demonstrates the existing hierarchy of needs and how it might impact workers. Only if their basic requirements are satisfied, employees can move to another level to achieve their full potential and contribute to the development of the company (Maslow 2013). In practice, Maslows hierarchy of needs becomes one of the central factors preconditioning the success of the company (Northouse 2017). For instance, the main force impacting my motivation level and desire to move forward is the feeling of accomplishment and the wish to be appraised by other people (see Figure 1). However, these aspects are important to me because physical and security needs are satisfied. Scenarios Helen had been a good worker during her first five years in the company. However, recent problems with her commitment and efficiency had emerged. Helen did not demonstrate the desire to work hard. Moreover, she was often late and seemed tired during her working hours, lacked concentration, and made poor mistakes while working with documents. This significant decrease in performance was noticed by the top manager. In conversation with her
Introduction: Brave and Daring It is really weird how the legends that companies producing perfume offer to the public have little to do with the product. However, it is even more miraculous how impressive these legends are. It can be claimed with a considerable amount of certainty that this success has a lot to do with the design of the perfume bottle; one of the most graphic examples of the given phenomenon is the 2012 Diesel. Only the Brave Tattoo cologne. Point and Line: The Charm of Seeming Simplicity What falls into the eye straightaway is the smooth, almost cartoonish, contour of the “hand”; adding elegance to it, it balances out the symbol of “force.” The most brilliant idea, however, concerns not the form of the “hand” itself, but the fonts that the designer used to put the title of the fragrance and the name of the company on the bottle. The striking contrast between the elegant “Only the Brave” on the back of the “hand” and a solid uppercase “Diesel” printed on the “fist” is an incredibly good find. Shape: Symbolism at Its Best Having the shape of a fist with a bottle of cologne in its grip, the bottle immediately catches the viewer’s attention. Needless to mention, the shape also works perfectly as a symbol of manliness and all the qualities that one can attribute to a man, i.e., strength, power, courage, etc. Form: Where the Key Idea Lurks Considering the design of the bottle from a three-dimensional perspective, one must agree that the bottle looks truly impressive and quite natural. While one might argue that the hand seems somewhat inflated, which makes it cartoonish, the form still leaves an impact. The anatomy of the “hand” is beyond praise, and the gesture, i.e., the tight grip, leaves a powerful impact on the viewer. Texture: Smooth and Shiny As it has been mentioned, the soft, curvy lines of the bottle create the impression that the hand might belong to a cartoonish character; however, when the color and especially the texture take their toll, it becomes evident that the legend behind the Only the Brave Tattoo should be taken seriously. Although the glassy surface might look somewhat girly, the transparency of the blue bottle and the matt black color of the alternative design do not leave any room for doubt that the cologne offers a legend of a man with a James-Bond-like temper. Time and Motion: An Unusual Take on a Frame As hard it is for a piece of glass to move, the shots of the bottle of cologne still have a lot of energy in them. Moreover, it seems like someone accidentally made a shot of a “hand” taking a grip on the bottle. Thus, the idea of speed is added to the legend behind the bottle design. Colour: Back to Black It is important to mention that the original Diesel. Only the Brave Tattoo cologne had a bluish steel color. It served the purpose well, stressing the idea of a “man of steel” behind the legend. However, the recent update, a new black-colored Diesel. Only the Brave looks even more impressive. In contrast to the previous design, the black one looks like a tight glove, which adds to the style; in addition, the black color looks much more aggressive co
Abstract Crises communications vary from culture to culture. Most organisations have various methods of managing crises. Crisis communications can build or damage reputations of organisations depending on how crises communication teams handle crises. The Asian culture of handling communication varies from country to country. There are those Asian countries that have handled their crises poorly. In fact, they tend to hide information from the public in case of disaster. This is the case of Japan in handling its nuclear crises. Japanese also tends not to speculate. Instead, they want to give exact information. On the other hand, countries like China and Koreas have advanced crises management to include modern social media. Issues of cultural barriers such as language may hinder communication processes. However, the speaker must maintain consistency with his actions and words. There are aspects of crises communications that all cultures must take into account. These include operational, ethical, behavioural, and professionalism dimensions of crisis communications. In these cases, managing crisis must be prompt, and the public, stakeholders, or victims must hear the facts. An organisation should not communicate any unclear information to the public. This implies that adequate preparation is mandatory. This calls for regular practice in crises communications. Introduction Crisis is any “situation that threatens or could threaten to cause harm to people, property, seriously interrupt business, damage reputation, and or negatively affect shared values” (Abarquez 2010). Crisis communication deals with what is happening or what has just happened and people are anxiously waiting to hear the outcomes. These situations can be any kind of “legal disputes, theft, accidents, fire, flood or manmade disasters that we can attribute to an organisation” (Abarquez 2010). It can also be a situation whereby an organisation did not respond to a “situation in appropriate fashion before the media or the general public” (Haddow 2010). Bernstein notes “effective crisis communications are not difficult, but they require advance work in order to minimise damage” (Abarquez 2010). Slow responses lead to a greater extent of damages. The Operation scope of Crisis Communication Crisis communication team must work at regaining the lost public confidence after the damage. This decision must aim at reducing the victims and community anguish. The aim should be to restore confidence and rebuild relationship. The move to do what the community expects will reduce media coverage and negative publicity. Organisations can reduce chances of possible lawsuits and negative publicity if they act promptly and appropriately. The need for crisis communications is growing rapidly due the explosion and use of social networks, which are creating so many communication channels that are threats to risk and reputatio
There are 154 sonnets written by William Shakespeare, and each sonnet is a unique collection of thoughts and emotions which inspire the reader and give rise to human imagination. It is hard to define which sonnet is the most powerful because each person has his/her own taste, and Shakespeare succeeded in considering all aspects of human life. However, Sonnet 18 remains to be one of the most famous and recognizable pieces of Shakespearian work. This sonnet touches upon numerous issues inherent to human feelings: the necessity to compare a beloved person with some natural events or things, the desire to prove that love is a powerful feeling that can change a person, and the abilities to demonstrate various approaches and writing techniques to disclose the chosen topic. Sonnet 18 is an amazing part of Shakespeare’s sonnets that addresses a number of crucial issues like human beauty, the power of nature, and writer’s abilities to engrave an image of a man in the reader’s memory in order to prove how influential a word could be. Shakespearean sonnets are probably the most controversial literary works because the vast majority of them are devoted to homosexual romantic relations developed between Shakespeare and one young man. Sonnet 18 is a kind of culmination of Shakespeare’s thoughts where he celebrated the power of love between two people and underlined unearthly beauty of feelings. Human beauty may be described by writers in a number of ways, and the way chosen by Shakespeare seems to be the most powerful example. The beauty of a young man can hardly be compared with the beauty of the warmest and colorful season of a year. The writer makes numerous attempts to prove how miserable the image of summer is and how powerful the image of a young person may be. Summer is short and sometimes too hot, so that it creates many inconveniences for people. And the beauty of a person is perfect and can never fade under any conditions. If a person already possesses some power and beauty, he will never lose it but continue developing it and amazing other people around. Human beauty is a subject for writers to admire, to be devoted to, and to fall in love each time this beauty is observed. Shakespeare’s attention to the power of nature is a straightforward idea to attract reader’s attention. When people are in love, they like to focus on numerous details in their life, and the nature is one of the most considerable details in life. Songs of birds, weather changes, each season’s beauty – these issues become the major themes to be discussed by the people who are in love. This is why it is not a surprise to observe Shakespeare’s attempt to rely on nature while telling about romantic feelings and emotions. However, the power of writer lies in the fact that he does not find it necessary to describe and admire nature’s beauty. What he decides to do is to prove that the power of nature is despicable in comparison to the power of human beauty. It is not enough to admit that human beauty is stronger than nature be
Information privacy is the privacy of personal information within organizations, and their attempts to define content of information stored on computer systems that third party can also access. Data masking, encryption, and authentication are some of the ways of protecting data from the public so that only authorized personnel can access such information (Rouse, 2013). Organizations always use this aspect of information technology (IT) to increase confidentiality within the management in order to reduce vulnerability and exposure of their systems to unauthorized segment. Information on finance, medical data, criminal records, and business information are some of the personal data that require continuous privacy. The United States, for instance, has different legislations on data privacy that deal with specific sectors given the different needs that emanate from them. Data usage by unauthorized persons is illegal in most parts of the globe. Therefore, concerned parties must come up with relevant protective measures to address the possibilities of such pieces of information of finding their way on the wrong hands. Patients’ records are essential in managing health facilities by ensuring that they offer quality services to the clients. For instance, a patient’s medical history is essential in determining the types of medication to administer to the patient. Such data remain confidential, and should only be used for treatment purposes only. As a way of preventing information leakage, which may result in stigma to a patient, the management must ensure that pieces of information on all patients are kept securely to maintain confidentiality. The US has the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) that ensures that patients’ data remain accessible only to the authorized segment of the staff. HIPAA uses electronic data interchange to give patients’ information unique identifiers that the unauthorized group cannot interpret. Users are given privileges under strict laws to access all medical records, and, at the same time, have to maintain data integrity and confidentiality on information that may lead to identification of a patient (Rouse, 2013). Websites also have confidentiality policies that guide their service provision. Some organizations have put tracking measures in place to identify those accessing their websites for security purposes. For example, when one accesses such sites, the computer stores cookies automatically. This move prevents hacking of information by third parties as the organizations can trace all their users. This issue of cyber security has been contentious, with opponents arguing that it is against the privacy policy to allow organizations to track their users through cookies. However, proponents hold that even though the move infringes on the privacy of the public, it has impressive impacts on guarding the security of organizations. That is, loss of data by an organization has great impacts on society as compared to tracking ind
Executive Summary   * To: The Board of Directors (Future Now Medicine Company).   * From: The CEO (Future Now Medicine Company).   * Subject: The Safety of Clingin and Employee Policy Adherence   * Date: Sunday, March 11 th , 2012. Problem: To find out whether Clingin is safe and if employees understand and adhere to the company policies. Alternatives:  1. Regulatory Agency intervention.  2. Status Quo.  3. Organize policy awareness training and team building activities.  4. Give the affected individuals time to recover from work-related stress.  5. Formulate a clear communication protocol within the company. Facts considered:  1. The company lacks a clear communication protocol.  2. The image of the company and Clingin is at stake.  3. Employees show deficiencies in the carrying out of company policies. Recommended Solutions: The primary problem calls for immediate action. On the other hand, taking care of satellite problems is paramount. Contacting the government’s regulatory agency to validate the safety of Clingin, formulating a clear communication protocol, and organizing training to enhance the understanding of company policies are the recommended alternatives. Assumptions The current problem affecting the image of Clingin seems to have been caused by the poor communication protocol. The situation would have been prevented if the employee had sought clarification from other authorities if he felt that Mr. Kusch (the vice president) delayed in addressing his concerns. In addition, other teams of the company indulge in other mal
Before the 1950s, movie production was monopolized, and film editors, set designers, actors, writers, and other workers were maintained simply as salaried employees. All the actors had to sign contracts that almost made them become the studios’ property. At that time, actors did not have many rights as their studios could order them what to do, how to act, and what to wear. According to Elberse and Stone, “the studios scripted stars’ interviews, and “morals clauses” dictated their public statements, photographic poses, and even significant others” (2). Sometimes, the actors even had to change their appearance, hair color, and biography details if the studio said so. Moreover, another drawback of the contracts was that they were signed for approximately seven years, and actors’ salaries were rather low and “could not be increased until their contracts expired” (Elberse and Stone 2). This situation changed in 1944 when a court of California compared such contracts with slavery, and all the power went from studios to actors. After the 1950s, the shift in power helped many actors break free from the suffocating rules and contracts of studios and start making much money by getting “a substantial percentage of films’ earnings” (Elberse and Stone 3). There were several stars who decided to establish their own production companies and became rather successful. Nowadays, the actors, especially the famous ones, are able to decide for themselves, and they are more powerful than the studios. Tom Cruise’s Star Power Tom Cruise was born on July 3, 1962, in Syracuse, New York, left high school at eighteen, and, in 1981, starred in his first movie, Endless Love . Filmmakers and critics started paying more attention to the new movie star after his supporting roles in Taps, 1981, and The Outsiders , 1983. However, it was Risky Business that made Cruise an extremely recognizable actor in 1983. In 1986 he cemented his A-list status after starring in Top Gun , a wildly successful movie, and that is when a nearly continuous string of blockbusters started. After 1992, “almost all of his movies grossed $100 million or more: the only exceptions were the controversial Eyes Wide Shut and Magnolia , for which Cruise earned an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor” (Elberse and Stone 6). By 2006, Cruise’s received three Academy Award nominations and was named “world’s most powerful celebrity and Hollywood’s most bankable actor” (Elberse and Stone 6). In total, his movies had gained more than $3 billion. The fact that Cruise is one of the most successful, talented, powerful, and recognizable Hollywood actors makes him rather valuable for movie studios. There are millions