ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Threat of new entrants Companies within any industry always desire to maintain a high market share and therefore wish to develop mechanisms that will enable them minimize the number of entrants who often join the industry. According to the Angel on the web the Russian cosmetic industry forecasts has shown that Russia has emerged as one of the fastest Growing cosmetic markets in the world and especially Europe and even during the recession the industry managed to grow annually by 8% furthermore even during the recent recession of 2008-10 women of Russia seemed unwilling to give up their makeup (Angelontheweb.com 2010). It therefore becomes highly logical for an individual to deduce that many new entrants will be interested to enter into an industry that manages to grow even when there is a recession/ economic downturn. Furthermore there is evidence according to the Market Overview of the Russian Cosmetics Market, suggest that there exists a high degree of competition between industry participants are over 40 in number who struggle to get the largest market share. With participants ranging from Cosmopack Pro Group, EMG Staraya, Krepost, Faberlic, Garmonia plus Jazz-Smell Kalina, Revlon, Avon, Procter & Gamble and many other competition who are either local or foreign. It is clear that the Russian cosmetic industry has attracted a lot of participants and will continue to attract more due to its growth pattern and constant demand by the consumers in Russia as suggested by (PNCOS industry Research Solutions 2010). According to Michael porter 1990 p 34-52 the threat of entry depends on obstructions/barriers which are placed within a particular industry. When such barriers are minimal then companies existing within the industry are faced with a larger threat because new entrants can easily join the industry as compared to when such barriers are many. Euromonitor data, “Russia was in 2006 the fourth fastest growing cosmetic and toiletries market in the world. According to Alexander (2008) Russians retail industry has been growing steadily since 2000 and therefore a Russians income is 70% disposable as compared to other European counterparts who have a disposable income of around 39-41%.Meaning that the Russian retail industry is highly attractive and therefore many companies especially in the color cosmetic industry would desire to enter this market and have a share of the pie. Euro monitor’s forecasts expect the global cosmetics industry to have grown to global sales of $ 300 million by 2010-11 which will also mean increased sales of color cosmetics; furthermore world banks forecasts suggest that due to the increasing strength of the Ruble the Russian retail industry will increase its market size up to $ 800 billion (Aginsky 2007). Economies of Scale The larger chunk of companies within the Russian cosmetic industry including Revlon have huge factories that allow them to enjoy economies of scale as far as production is concerned and furthermore, buy
The beginning of health information technologies has improved health care practice and delivery by providing new technologies, which are designed to enhance productivity, patient satisfaction, and the workflow while maintaining the required quality, safety, continuity, and efficiency standards (Trusko et al. 794). The current applications of health IT are focused on enhancing communication among healthcare providers, communication between the health care providers and their clients, automation of medical information, implementation of evidence-based practices, and reduction of medical errors. Most importantly, health IT seeks to codify the medical information in the electronic medical records into standardized and structured medical terminologies. When the normal clinical information is transformed into a standardized and structured language, the resultant information is called Controlled Medical Terminologies (CMTs). The importance of CMTs is that they reduce ambiguities besides enhancing consistency in the way medical information is shared between health care providers and their clients. Further, CMTs help clinicians to summarize medical information in such a way that it can be obtained in a timely manner. Some examples of applications of CMTs include the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT), the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) (Trusko et al. 795). This paper summarizes, interprets, and evaluates the contents of a research study that seeks to examine the representation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) terminologies in the SNOMED-CT controlled medical terminologies. The Purpose of the Research In the study under review, Trusko and his colleagues examined the extent to which the normal language used to make reference to different aspects of PTSD is represented in the SNOMED-CT controlled medical terminologies. Accordingly, the researchers mapped a list of 153 PTSD terminologies drawn from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and other mental health publications to a collection of over 800,000 SNOMED-CT controlled medical terminologies (Trusko et al. 794). The Questions Addressed To achieve the purpose of the current research, Trusko an
Introduction The advancement in information technology has created a paradigm shifts from traditional ways of doing business to more sophisticated methods that leave a business firms with many options to explore for effective competition. Therefore, in the academic field, dissertation research is extremely vital for students. Since dissertation research varies in structure depending on which field one is writing in, the paper will in effect consider the role of information technology in enhancing business competitiveness (Apulu, 2011, p. 485). Information systems support the principal business roles for instance, returns and advertising, making and production, finance and accounting, human resources and outsourcing and off Shoring. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are significant for all countries’ economy in terms of job creation, nurturing industrial innovation as well as enhancing the competitiveness of an economy through the process of economic restoration by designing, eliminating and restructuring the economic sectors (Farzam, 2011, p. 60). Moreover, technology has been a critical factor in facilitating SMEs to play regenerative role in any economy. Satya (2010) defines competitive advantage as the heart of a firm’s performance (p. 29). Therefore, it reflects a firm’s capacity to give consumers greater value in terms of reducing prices and offering maximum benefits and services, which justifies higher prices. Bassellier and Izak (2004) argue that ICT offers SMEs opportunities for competing on a global scale with improved efficiency and closer connection between customers and suppliers (p. 677). Businesses have regarded ICT as a crucial technique for them to competitive. Moreover, Žinių (2010) emphasized that the use of ICT creates customer satisfaction by improving service quality and opening more avenues for the firms (p. 527). Apulu (2011) however, claims that ICT allows consumers to receive immediate feedbacks thereby enabling firms to react fast to customers’ demands and identify new markets (p. 490). Since ICT influences the performance of a firm in multifaceted ways, firms exploit the potentials offered by ICT to handle their innovative processes (Carmen, 2011, p. 37). Therefore, ICT can make a firm grow: make the firm more competitive and innovative. In both different types of studies on the role of information technology in enhancing competitiveness of SMEs, the scholars have employed various research designs towards the development of the theories. The research designs adopted comprise descriptive, co relational and descriptive (Satya, 2010, p. 25). The researchers made objective conclusions by highlighting several issues, which emerged from the findings. The study found that
Abstract Corporate advertising campaigns impacts greatly public opinion especially on the need of environmental responsibility. The advertising campaigns are used as means of reaching larger population. The study analyses issues on consumer protection and the benefits companies receive in considering stakeholders while marketing their brand products. The introduction provides general overview on green marketing and its impacts on consumers. Various opinions related to corporate social responsibility are detailed within the literature review followed by IAG case presentation and discussion then finally conclusion. Introduction Green marketing consists of various activities focused on satisfying human needs with ultimate reduced negative impacts on the society. This ensures that the interest of all players, organization and consumers, are well protected. The buyer and the seller should mutually benefit from the voluntary exchange taking place within the market place. Consumers all over the world are generally becoming concerned about environmental conditions especially the advertisements on green-washing. Green-washing is a term used to refer to the various advertising and public relations used in misrepresenting organizations and products based on sustainability and environmental benefits. Research done in Australia in early 1990s, revealed that 85% of the studied sample believed in their responsibility towards the environment. Over 80% of the sample also agreed on the fact that they changed their purchasing habits owing to environmental reasons. Hence, the conclusion that environmentally friendly firms involved in marketing, have competitive advantage over those marketing non-environmentally responsible goods (McDonnell and Bartlett, 2009, pp. 63-70). It is important for firms to realize their role within the wider society, hence conduct their activities in an environmentally responsible manner. This normally arises from the belief that profit related objectives should be achieved alongside environmental objectives. Governments always strive to protect consumers from marketing related activities through creation of regulations relating to environmental marketing. The attempts made by governments to protect consumers from various exploitations provide consumers with opportunity of making informed decisions (McDonnell and Bartlett, 2009, pp. 63-70). Critical review of literature Corporate social responsibility together with economic and environmental responsibility has been advocated within the Australian society from 1950s. The practices have grown rapidly within the 21 st century (de Bakker et al, 2005). Environmental and social demands have become major concern to the both public and private domain, with environmental demands becoming increasingly highlighted in most publications. There are pronounced commitments by most governments around the world to protect environment through such agreements as Kyoto Protocol and IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Social responsibility of business entity incorporates various domains such as economic, legal, ethical as well as uncompromised standard expectation
Introduction It is safe to say that today is the time of advances in digital technologies. They affect all vital areas of people’s lives, one of which is healthcare. Telehealth is one of the manifestations of the use of modern high and widely available technologies in the care and treatment of patients. However, there is one more influencing factor that influenced the leap in the development of mobile technologies. This is the coming demographic shift in the population of the United States. It is expected that “older adults will outnumber children for the first time in U.S. history” (Vespa et al., 2018, p. 1). Simply put, “one in every five Americans is projected to be retirement age” (Vespa et al., 2018, p. 1). Therefore, health care providers should expect an increased need for chronic care services, as older adults are more prone to chronic diseases than other age groups. It can be concluded that the current external and internal conditions create a unique opportunity to study the telehealth impact for the elderly. It is because current technologies and percentages within the population provide ample time and resources for research. Topic area The topic area of this research is directly related to telehealth, specifically CCM and RPM. Experts note that “chronic care management (CCM) services are generally non-face-to-face services provided to Medicare beneficiaries who have multiple (two or more) chronic conditions expected to last at least 12 months, or until the death of the patient” ( Chronic care management , 2021, para. 1). In this study, CCM is about patient education about self-management of chronic illness, identification of complications, and proper medication to avoid hospitalization. In RPM, “a team of Remote Patient Monitoring nurses regularly monitors the data and contacts patients to assess health and progress toward health goals” via special medical devices sent to patients ( Remote patient monitoring , 2021, para. 2). The research also includes daily vital signs monitoring as part of the intervention. Population, INTERVENTION, Comparison, outcome, time frame (PICOT) question statement The PICOT question is, will the number of hospitalizations in elderly patients aged 65 to 99 with multiple chronic conditions such as heart failure, diabetes, stroke, cancer, hypertension, depression, renal failure and receiving Medicare services (P) decrease (O) during and after a month-long (T) RPM program (I) that includes chronic disease self-management training, medication training, and complication identification training compared to their peers who were not remotely monitored and did not have Medicare insurance (C)? Significance of the study This study answers current telehealth issues and upcoming external challenges from a changing US society. Telehealth encompasses many methodologies, techniques and models of PRM effectiveness, many
Introduction Available literature demonstrates that effective advocacy plans and policies are of immense importance in addressing the dynamics of child abuse within the school context (Barett, Lester, & Durham, 2011). This paper explains how two schools advocate for children regarding the prevention of child abuse, before providing a critique of the advocacy plans and outlining several recommendations for optimal outcomes. Explaining the Advocacy Plans From the interview conducted with the school administrator of the local elementary school (K3) and the director of a local preschool (birth to pre-K), it is clear that both institutions have some advocacy plans for the prevention of child abuse. The advocacy plans in the local elementary school include routine lectures and counseling sessions that aim to provide K3 students with the capacity to identity child abuse instances and seek assistance from teachers, church leaders, community leaders, parents, guardians, and significant others. As part of the elementary school’s advocacy program against child abuse, parents and guardians are also invited to open day seminars to receive education on child abuse and neglect, solving family and marital issues, dealing with physically and mentally abused children, and preventing the reappearance of child abuse within the family. The advocacy plans in the local preschool include using illustrations placed at strategic locations within the school to encourage young children to share their problems with teachers and expose abusive relationships in the family or school. The preschool also undertakes child/parent counseling, family-based support and home-visiting programs to prevent child abuse through family strengthening; however, these programs experience myriad challenges including lack of community support and inadequate funding. Critique Drawing from this explanation, it can be argued that the schools have taken a proactive stand in pursuing an ethical responsibility of advocating for the prevention of child abuse. However, according to the Child Welfare League of America (CWLA), the advocacy plans of these schools are not thorough due to absence of other advocacy dynamics that relate specifically to child abuse, such as social support for abused child
What are the positive and negative effects of polygamy on society? Find the answer here! The paper below focuses on good and harmful consequences of polygamy on the institutions of marriage and family. It also touches upon its causes. Introduction Polygamy remains one of the hotly contested and misunderstood topics in the modern society. The most common practice of polygamy is polygyny, whereby one man marries more than one spouse. Polygyny is common in many societies across the world. However, it is outlawed in the Western World. Cultural and religious factors anchor this practice. Different studies carried out for decades reveal that the practice has far-reaching negative consequences, and hence should be outlawed. On the other hand, the proponents of polygamy argue that there are many benefits associated with the practice. However, the moral question of polygamy has not been addressed adequately. This essay provides an in-depth discussion of polygamy with a view of establishing factors that contribute to the practice, its consequences, and morality issues. Negative Effects of Polygamy on Society Many studies about polygamy are structured on whether the practice should be recognized, banned, or punished through the law. Little has been written about the moral question on polygamous marriage. However, from a moral ground, polygamy is morally unacceptable due to its effects on societies. The first social effect of this practice is emanated from the perceived competition by co-wives. They give birth to as many children as they can, as a way of getting a larger share of the common resources that get shared by the family when it comes to inheritance (Tabi, Doster & Cheney, 2010). Giving birth becomes a contest among these wives. Competition in the end produces effects that are injurious to the society. For instance, competition among wives for common resources is likely to culminate conflicts that largely affect society’s stability. Polygamous marriages are a burden to men and their wives. A man is deprived in mind and body due to the heavy responsibility of sustaining a big family. In addition, men dedicate most of their income on marrying new wives. Consequently, women are deprived psychologically as a result of being reduced to physical pleasure instruments. These results in child negligence in that, children are less supported and well maintained by their parents. Parents invest less time and money in the upkeep, education, as well as in provision of critical care for their children (Elbedour, Onwuegbuzie, Caridine & Abu-Saad, 2002). In the end, the society bears the consequences of the problems associated with lack of education and proper parenting of children. One common consequence is substance abuse among children due to lack of parental guidance. The early substance abuse affects societies in terms of increased crime rate (Elbedour, Onwuegbuzie, Caridine, & Abu-Saad, 2002). One of the impacts of
Introduction Many people are worried about consuming genetically modified foods. Some however argue that there is no medical proof that these kinds of products have any harm on human health. They therefore argue that no company is ethically obliged to label it as genetically modified food products. They claim that these foods are a boom on the market considering that they are cheaper as they can be produced in large scale within a short time. There are those who have negative perceptions about the products and labeling might be of great help in ensuring that they do not consume such products. Each of the opposing views has solid justification on the matter. The real question posed is whether people should be informed about the products they consume or not (SIRC 2001) Right to know Consumers have a right to know whatever the product they are buying is made of. It is upon the food producers to label such products and leave it upon the consumers to decide on whether to consume these foods or not. Some of them resemble the natural types in appearance and hence making it difficult to differentiate. This can be difficult for those who do not consume genetically modified foods. A genetically modified crop might for instance look and grow exactly like the natural crops yet it might be containing genes that are resistant to antibiotics or an insecticide mechanism that is built-in. This might be harmful particularly to those consumers who are allergic to such. Different genes have been inserted into these foods yet the consumer has been left in the dark as he/she is not able to directly communicate to the farmer about the products he/she would like to consume (Whitman, 2000). Most of the genetically modified foods have both known and unknown effects to mankind. Some of the effects for instance include the resistance to antibiotics. Most of the genetically modified products are usually injected with substances that make them resistant to antibiotics and when consumed by humans, the same resistance develops in humans hence making them resistant to some drugs. This in the long run has catastrophic effects on the health of humans. As a result, there arises the need to ensure that these kinds of food are modified (Whitman, 2000). Genetically modified products include foods as well as its ingredients, different medicines as well as vaccines, various feeds and fibers. It is therefore ethical for the manufacturers or processing firms to process label them if they are genetically modified so as to enable the consumers to know what they are consuming. Genetic information has to be availed to the consumers so as to enable people to make their own choices about consumption (Whitman, 2000). Government Reluctance Research has shown that most people would prefer to consume natural foods rather than that which i