ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Protecting or ensuring the health and safety of employees who are directly affected by the activities within the organization is an important part of risk management. The employees are the most important resource and the last one that determine the performance of the organization after other factors have been satisfied (Werner & DeSimone 10). Therefore, strategies that should be implemented to protect their health and safety should not only cover the context, but must be effective. Whoever conceives the initiative is not more important than the one it affects. I suppose that the debate about health and safety should be on how the intended strategy is appreciated among the subjects rather than on its perceived outcomes. Thereason is that, the effectiveness solely depends on the willingness of the subjects to contribute to the initiative. The strategies should therefore be those that initiate motivations and establish positive relationship between the deliverer and the subject. The realization here is that the human resource management is as important as the employees in protecting the health and safety of the employees, and the best recommendations are those that affect bothcontexts. Exhibit commitment Hawkins (2) suggests that the provision of health and safety of the workers is the responsibility ofparties bound by organizational policies, goals and mission. The sources of unsafe environment should not be seen as to originate from the system that caused it or the failed responsibility of an employee, but right from external factors that could have been considered in preventing it. For instance, a new faulty machine that causes an accident could be the fault of the operator or the manager as well as the failure of the legislative bodies to commit them in seeing that the developers of such machines adhere to quality specifications. Commitment for all including the society which can protest if a facility is observed to risk the health of the people is a strong recommendation in ensuring health and safety for all. When narrowed down, corporate commitment is most important in providing health and safety of the workers. It can never be argued that the accomplishment can occur without involving the stakeholders. Health and security is a matter that requires knowledge and skill support, moral support, and financial support. At this juncture, the role of human resource department is to link the employees with the higher hierarchies of governance. While the employees are in the best position to protect them, the means to do that usually comes from above. The commitment of the management and the board will make them to value the employees and eventually be willing to enhance their working environment. The effects of corporate commitment on health and safety of employees is seen in the case of North Staffordshire Combines Healthcare NHS Trust (HSE, 3). After facing improvement targets, the board set out a whole system approach to manage risks giving one of the directors responsibilityfor overseeing the health and safety in the organization. This led to a better and muc
“Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (1973)” by British film/media studies professor, Laura Mulvey was a controversial essay which aided in incorporating psychoanalysis and feminism within the context of film theory analysis. Much of Mulvey’s assertions/theories have were greatly influenced by psychoanalytic icons, Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan. Cinema/ film industry has become a very conspicuous form of mass entertainment. The extent of cinema’s unequaled popularity, influence, and proliferation has been phenomenal since the inception of the 20 th century. The entire infrastructure of people’s culture (gender role and perception, political, economic, artistic, educational institutions, etc.) is interwoven with personal impressions, ideas, emotions, and prejudices. American-Armenian author, William Saroyan once stated “ Does art reflect life? In movies, yes. Because more than any other art form, films have been a mirror held up to society’s porous face (Saroyan).” Mulvey’s essay examines cinema’s phenomenal impact, this mirror into society, and in particular, societal perceptions/norms on gender role. Her overall premise is that via a psychoanalytic lens the “ unconscious ” patriarchal influence and control over film form comes to light (Mulvey, pg. 57). Man is the dominant/controlling spectator while the woman is only a subordinate and the object of desire. “ The magic of Hollywood style at its best (and of all the cinema which fell within its sphere of influence) arose, not exclusively, but in one important aspect, from its skilled and satisfying manipulation of visual pleasure. Unchallenged, mainstream film coded the erotic into the language of the dominant patriarchal order (p. 58).” In examining this predisposition Mulvey ultimate objective is to challenge and shift such orientation. Mulvey argues that the “ pleasures ” are numerous with scopophilia being among them (p. 59). Scopophilia (male gaze, etc.) – sexual pleasure from looking and/or being looked at – is a theory further developed and purported by Lucan. “ There are circumstances in which looking itself is a source of pleasure, just as, in the reverse formation, there is pleasure in being looked at (p. 59).” Mulvey uses a variety of films to support her thesis among them the classic Hitchcock psychological thriller, Vertigo . The immemorial film cadre by iconic B
Introduction The formation of international relations in the context of the struggle for independence and strengthening international positions is the area of ​​the Turkish development course that deserves particular attention. Tense situations in the Middle East and the aggravation of relations with imperial powers complicate the promotion of the values ​​of freedom. Erdogan’s current policy is largely based on following Islamic concepts promoted during the time of the Ottoman Empire and involves moving towards independence. The assessment of the characteristics of Turkish international relations can provide an opportunity to assess its prospects and barriers to achieving geopolitical dominance in its region. Turkey’s Views on Others and Others’ Views on Turkey In terms of its internal development, over the past centuries of formation, Turkey has changed significantly. In his speech, Mr. Cagaptay, the author of the book about Erdogan’s empire, notes that the country’s official leaders “have converted Turkey from a low-income country to a middle-income country” (WashingtonInstitute, 2019). This conclusion is supported by the facts about poverty indicators and living standards and is reasonable. The alliance with the US and NATO opens up positive prospects for Turkey, which allows other members of this military bloc to see in it an ally and potential partner in an important world region. However, as Cagaptay (2020) states, “Turkey’s nearby neighbours, such as the Greeks and Arabs, have a different memory of Ottoman rule than that of Erdogan” (p. 59). At the same time, Western partners note the positive development of the country with steady dynamics towards the establishment of diplomatic relations and the promotion of democratic values. Impact of the Imperial Past on Turkish Foreign Policy Erdogan’s vision of Turkish foreign policy is largely based on involving Islamic values as integral elements of his political activities. President takes into account the imperial past of the country during the Ottoman era, and some aspects are adopted. In particular, according to Cagaptay (2020), Erdogan “has taken steps to eliminate the Kemalist legacy and resurrect the Ottoman past – often in the distorted, Islam-dominated version that the Kemalists have taught him” (p. 287). This trend was observed even during the presidential election campaign. The author notes that “a good amount of Islamic symbolism was choreographed into Erdogan’s oath-taking ceremony,” which indicates the policy of the revival of the Ottoman past (Cagaptay, 2020, p. 233). Such a vector is reflected in the international relations of the country and determines its current goals. Mimicking Ottoman Sultans The course on expanding the influence of Turkey
Death of a Salesman revolves around the life of Willy Loman, who lives with his wife and two sons, and works as a salesman (Miller 2). His career has been very successful, and he is one of the trusted salesmen in his company. The play starts with a tired Loman heading home from a business trip. He informs his wife that he has returned home earlier than expected as he had canceled his trip. He offers no reason as to why he canceled the trip. Loman is disappointed to still find his son, Biff, at home. He had many expectations for Biff, who, however, failed mathematics in high school and, in turn, missed placement in college. Loman believes that Biff has wasted time and money, and is throwing his life away. He dreams that Biff becomes a successful salesman like himself. Biff, on the other hand, has an unclear hatred towards his father. Loman challenges him in front of his brother, Happy, accusing Biff of being lazy. To defend himself, Biff lies to his father that he has a potential business meeting the very next day. As they are talking, Loman drifts off daydreaming. His sons believe that he must be losing his mind. The next day, Loman and Biff both leave home at the same time. Loman heads to his workplace while Biff goes to a former employer to look for work. Loman ends up getting fired from his job as a salesman as his bosses believe he can no longer represent the company well (Miller 72). He is informed that he is not focused and has become very indecisive, characteristics that have affected his ability to sell any product from the company. Loman is disillusioned. He always thought he would be the best salesman of all time, but his dream was shattered when he got fired. At the same time, his son fails to secure a business loan and partner. Loman decides to visit his neighbor, Charlie, who helps him get life insurance. Loman openly admits that being dead is worth more than being alive. Charlie is shocked by the revelation but does not inquire further. As he speaks with Charlie, he realizes that it is his past mistakes that encouraged Biff to become a failure. Charlie reminds him that Biff found him having sex with his assistant back when Biff was in high school. Loman had lied to his family that he would be away for a business meeting. The trauma made Biff hate his father. He did not want to turn into his father, so, he failed in high school so that he could not go to college and be a salesman like his father. In the evening, Loman, Biff and Happy meet for dinner, where an argument between Biff and Loman ensues (BookCaps Study Guides Staff 1). Biff and Happy leave Loman and return home with two girls. At home, their mother is angry that they left their father alone. When Loman arrives, he and Biff decide to talk things through. By the end of the talk, Loman believes that Biff has forgiven him. He feels terrible that he ruined his son’s life and made the decision to kill himself, and direct his life insurance money to Biff. The last scene
Introduction The influence of different ideological trends on the population is sometimes significant, and certain provisions and norms determine the behavior of particular groups of people. When talking about the impact on women, some trends that are relevant today have led to a special attitude to the difference in sex and predetermined the specific order of life in the society. In particular, women’s health and the healthcare system as a whole largely depend on such a social ideology as feminism and its varieties. Types of Feminism and Their Influence on Women’s Health One of the subspecies of feminism is the Marxist or socialist direction. The main provisions of this direction are based on the relationship between gender and class inequalities with private property institutions. Class and gender are considered to be relatively autonomous systems, and each of them creates its own hierarchy. This approach does not give women any advantages in obtaining medical aid and generally defines the healthcare sphere as the area where each subject is equal. Another type of feminism is its liberal direction formed under the influence of women’s emancipation. The basic principle of this direction is the rule of equal rights and opportunities. Liberal feminists believe that the oppression of women is rooted in the refusal to grant them equal rights with men. Accordingly, from the point of the healthcare sector, each supporter of such a movement has every right to count on the same medical care and not to have priorities over the other sex. Such an approach can have a positive impact on health in general if it is not distorted to the point of absurdity and does not represent an exclusively rational attitude to health care. The essence of the radical ideology of feminism is the recognition of ontological differences between the man and the woman where the latter is oppressed through control (sexual harassment, violence, abortion, and other factors). Accordingly, the desire of women to protect themselves from such control has predetermined the emergence of the corresponding movement. From the point of view of medicine, women’s health can improve if some provisions of such a theory are implemented. In particular, if there is no pressure focused on abortion, more lives can be saved, which will positively affect the dynamics of population growth and will be ethically correct. Patriarchy and Androcentrism Additional th
Introduction Olaudah Equiano and Mary Wollstonecraft are radically different authors; Wollstonecraft is assertive and direct about her call to change while Equiano is subtle about his message. He uses his own experience to humanize his call to the ending of slavery. As a result, readers end up connecting more with Equiano than with Mary. Wollstonecraft chose to confront the issues she was talking about through a direct approach. She unapologetically stated her position and contradicted those who argued that women did not deserve civil or educational opportunities. This approach had the effect of drawing in those who held similar views, or those who were uncertain about their stance. However, screaming about her message had an unwanted effect of causing even greater criticism and therefore pushed away certain readers. Therefore, being subtle about one’s message is more effective than screaming about it. Approaches used and how the authors appeal to their audiences Mary Wollstonecraft was writing at a time when revolutionary sentiments were pervading western societies. In particular, the French Revolution had caused many people to debate and comment about various political issues. Some of them included: the role of the church and the state, the importance of human rights and the role of a representative government. The use of rational thought was imperative in appealing to her audience; however, instead of confining herself to this formal style (it was common for philosophers to use it); Mary chose to use a hybrid style that used both logic and
Organizational change is a buzzword in professional organizational communication. Thousands of large and small businesses pursue change, because it is fashionable, popular, and real. Unfortunately, few of them realize the true implications of organizational change for the quality of their performance. No less challenging are businesses’ perceptions of the way organizational change influences various stakeholders. For Microsoft, one of the most successful companies in the global software market, change represents a relevant means to update and refresh its principles of work. Change reflects the company’s striving to be responsive to the needs of customers while, at the same time, creating a solid basis for the pursuit of organizational excellence. Just a few years ago, Microsoft underwent major organizational restructuring that had to enhance the company’s competitiveness in the long run. As of today, one of the most serious issues to deal with is achieving and maintaining a reasonable balance of customer and employee engagement. Yet, Microsoft will have to be particularly careful in its striving to satisfy the needs and interests of all stakeholders. Proposed Change Initiative Just a few years ago, Microsoft went through massive and extensive organizational restructuring, which had to create a firm basis for pursuing the company’s strategic and tactical objectives. That was one of the toughest periods in the history of Microsoft, when the company had to do everything possible to enhance its performance and productivity. However, even an organization as successful as Microsoft cannot use restructuring as the sole factor of organizational improvements in the long run. As an open system that receives regular feedback from the market environment and positions itself as being receptive of and responsive to environmental shifts, Microsoft needs to balance the calls for greater employee engagement with the need for increased customer involvement. At pre
Introduction Incorporation can be termed as the setting up of a (new) institution that is given a charter thereby acquiring independent-legal-entity recognition with its liabilities being discrete from its pioneers. Different forms of corporations exist in the field of business. Corporations come into existence as a result of corporate law. Their rules and regulations balance the different interests of all the stakeholders, their management whose task is to operate design the operations of the corporations, creditors who offer their resources in form of loans to the corporations, employees who work for the corporation, and the shareholders who put their resources as investments into the corporation’s operations (Seligman et al 404). A corporation is also known as a limited liability company. In all cases, incorporation is abbreviated as Inc. incorporated entity becomes separate from its owner and the owner cannot be held responsible for any liability incurred by the incorporated entity. When a business entity is incorporated, a certificate of incorporation is issued by the relevant authority to the owner. When a company is to be dissolved, the incorporation procedure is reversed. After the dissolution, a certificate of dissolution is issued to the owners. Many individuals incorporate their businesses to avoid liabilities that may arise due to the businesses’ financial failures. The advantages that incorporation may accrue to owners include saving money in terms of taxes, providing business flexibility, and also incorporation makes it easier to access outside investment (Welch and Turezyn 1035). In deciding to dissolve a corporation a certificate of election to dissolve the corporation must be filed. The election to dissolve the corporation may be initiated by the written assent (of at least half of the outstanding shares of the corporation to be disso
Introduction The presented article views Max Webber as one of the key founders of sociological science. It is claimed to briefly narrate Max Webber’s biography and enlist the most famous works by this scientist. Main body The background of the author is the role of religion in sociology, thus, he was writing on these issues regarding various religious confessions. His major works concern the rationalization in the sociology of religion and government, but he also donated much in the sphere of finances. His most famous work is his essay “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” (1905), which started his work in the sphere of sociology in religion. In this work, he argued that religion was one of the non-limited causes for the diverse ways the cultures of the Occident and the Orient have enhanced, and underlined the importance of meticulous feature of ascetic Protestantism which led to the enhancement of capitalism, officialdom, and the cogent-lawful state in the West. In another major work, Politics as a Vocation, Weber defined the state as an entity that claims a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force, a definition that became pivotal to the study of modern Western political science. The emphasis in the article is made upon His Verstehen doctrine is as well-known as it is contentious and argued. His key notion is that societal, financial, and chronological study can never be fully inductive or descriptive as someone should always move toward it with theoretical tools. Clarification creates some reasonable troubles, thus, the readers cannot know it other than by annoying to categorize actions as belonging to some prior “Ideal Type”. Weber offers four groups of “Ideal Types” of performance: zweckrational (cogent means to cogent ends), wertrational (cogent means to unreasonable ends), effectual (ruled by feelings), and customary (ruled by tradition or tendency). Another concept is that Weber distinguished three pure types of political lead
Introduction One defining characteristic of the post 9/11 era has been the use of targeted killings as a part of the US government’s counterterrorism strategy. While these killings have mostly been restricted to non-American targets suspected of terrorism, there have been a number of prominent killings of American citizens. One prominent incident of targeted killing of an American citizen involved Anwar al-Awlaki. Al-Awlaki was a US citizen who lived in Yemen where he engaged in activities on behalf of the al Qaeda terrorist organization, of which he was a part of. As a high-value terrorist target, the Obama administration has declared that its decision to kill al-Awlaki was justified. The al-Awlaki case raised significant concern since the Obama administration approved the targeted killing of an American without any charges or a trial. This paper will discuss the justifications offered in defense of al-Awlaki’s targeted killing by the US. The paper will highlight how the events of 9/11 led to marked shifts in counterterrorism measures by the US. 9/11 and Targeted Killings The targeted killing of individuals has been carried out by States far back into historical times. By definition, targeted killing is “the use of lethal force by the state or its agents with the intent, premeditation, and deliberation to kill”(Maxwell 123). While the use of targeted killings in the pre-9/11 era was greatly limited, post 9/11 US administrations have adopted a national security policy that allows for frequent use of targeted killings to eliminate terrorists. The most prevalent tool in the post 9/11 targeted killings has been unmanned aerial vehicles (commonly known as drones). The drones had been used sparingly during the Bush administration to complement other counterinsurgency activities. These tools have assumed an indispensable place on the list of counterterrorism offense tools during the Obama administration. The preference for drone attacks has been because of their great effectiveness in carrying out surgical attacks. Drone attacks are preferred since they do not put American troops at risk. Kebriaei states that without the domestic blowback from troop casualties, the administration has been able to carry out sustained targeted killings with little domestic opposition (161). Criticism of al-Awlaki’s killing An issue that has emerged in the al-Awlaki killing is that it took place in what is considered peacetime environment. The killing of al-Awlaki took place in Yemen which is not a conflict zone. This raises significant concerns since while targeted killings against enemy combatants in conflict zones such as Afghanistan are accepted, killings outside a zone of conflict are controversial. Legal scholars and some foreign governments assert that it was wrong to kill a person, even if he was considered an enemy of the state, if armed conflict between the states is not present at a location (McKelvey 1355). The US constitution guarantees every citizen’s right to a fair trial an