ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Crystallization has long been the subject of research as one of the basic ways in which solid materials are constructed. In particular, the nucleation stage has not been isolated, thus has been predicted through many calculations and achieved theoretical completion through the nucleation rate(J). Si nce most of these results were obtained through isotropic building blocks in three-dimensional space, it was difficult to interpret nuclei formed by anisotropic building block in 2D or 1D structure. Recently, a lot of studies related to amyloid fibril have shown nucleation of anisotropic building block. However, due to the complexity of the amyloid fibrils, there is no unified explanation of the thermodynamic method of classical nucleation theory which is the energy loss from surface and energy gain from volume. We have experimentally demonstrated the isolation of nuclei of the orthorhombic phase of HYLION-12 which is a Dirac metamaterial and provide the effect of anisotropy of the molecules on nucleation The thermal behavior of nuclei of Dirac metamaterial through DSC has demonstrated that it can be crystallized to a Dirac metamaterial through the first order phase transition. The growth process is verified at low temperature where no phase transition occurs. The calculation of surface and bulk energy of the Dirac metamaterial was conducted. It could explain the isolation of nuclei of the Dirac metamaterial by enlarging the thermodynamic classical nucleation theory.
Despite video forecasting has been a widely explored topic in recent years, the mainstream of the existing work still limits their models with a single prediction space but completely neglects the way to leverage their model with multi-prediction spaces. This work fills this gap. For the first time, we deeply study numerous strategies to perform video forecasting in multi-prediction spaces and fuse their results together to boost performance. The prediction in the pixel space usually lacks the ability to preserve the semantic and structure content of the video however the prediction in the high-level feature space is prone to generate errors in the reduction and recovering process. Therefore, we build a recurrent connection between different feature spaces and incorporate their generations in the upsampling process. Rather surprisingly, this simple idea yields a much more significant performance boost than PhyDNet (performance improved by 32.1% MAE on MNIST-2 dataset, and 21.4% MAE on KTH dataset). Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations on four datasets demonstrate the generalization ability and effectiveness of our approach. We show that our model significantly reduces the troublesome distortions and blurry artifacts and brings remarkable improvements to the accuracy in long term video prediction. The code will be released soon.
We examine a sample of 223 F, G and early K metal-poor subdwarfs ([m/H]<-1) with high proper motions ($\mu > 0.2"/$ year) at the distances of up to 250 pc from the Sun. By means of our own speckle interferometric observations conducted on the 6 m BTA telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the spectroscopic and visual data taken from the literature, we determine the frequency of binary and multiple systems in this sample. The ratio of single, binary, triple and quadruple systems among 221 primary components of the sample is 147:64:9:1. We show that the distribution of orbital periods of binary and multiple subdwarfs is asymmetric in the range of up to $P=10^{10}$ days, and has a maximum at $P=10^{2}-10^{3}$ days, what differs from the distribution, obtained for the thin disc G dwarfs (Duquennoy & Mayor 1991). We estimated the number of undetected companions in our sample. Comparing the frequency of binary subdwarfs in the field and in the globular clusters, we show that the process of halo field star formation by the means of destruction of globular clusters is very unlikely in our Galaxy. We discuss the multiplicity of old metal-poor stars in nearby stellar streams.
Quantum phase transitions between the magnetically ordered and disordered states are studied for the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic quantum spin systems with ladder, plaquette, and mixed-spin structures. Starting with properly chosen singlet-cluster configurations, we perform the series expansion for the staggered magnetic susceptibility. The phase boundary is determined by applying the Dlog and biased Pad\'e approximants to the staggered susceptibility thus obtained. The resulting phase diagram allows us to discuss the quantum phase transitions quantitatively, which agrees fairly well with the quantum Monte Carlo results for several cases previously studied.
We determine the critical exponents for the XY universality class in three dimensions, which is expected to describe the $\lambda$-transition in ${}^4$He. They are obtained from the analysis of high-temperature series computed for a two-component $\lambda\phi^4$ model. The parameter $\lambda$ is fixed such that the leading corrections to scaling vanish. We obtain $\nu = 0.67166(55)$, $\gamma = 1.3179(11)$, $\alpha=-0.0150(17)$. These estimates improve previous theoretical determinations and agree with the more precise experimental results for liquid Helium.
In the process of making a movie, directors constantly care about where the spectator will look on the screen. Shot composition, framing, camera movements or editing are tools commonly used to direct attention. In order to provide a quantitative analysis of the relationship between those tools and gaze patterns, we propose a new eye-tracking database, containing gaze pattern information on movie sequences, as well as editing annotations, and we show how state-of-the-art computational saliency techniques behave on this dataset. In this work, we expose strong links between movie editing and spectators scanpaths, and open several leads on how the knowledge of editing information could improve human visual attention modeling for cinematic content. The dataset generated and analysed during the current study is available at https://github.com/abruckert/eye_tracking_filmmaking
Seeking flexible methods to control quantum teleportation in open systems is an important task of quantum communication. In this paper, we study how the super-Ohmic, Ohmic and sub-Ohmic reservoirs affect teleportation of a general one-qubit state. The results revealed that the structures of the reservoirs play a decisive role on quality of teleportation. Particularly, the fidelity of teleportation may be improved by the strong backaction of the non-Markovian memory effects of the reservoir. The physical mechanism responsible for this improvement are determined.
The kinetic mixing (KM) portal is a popular mechanism which allows light dark matter (DM) in the mass range below $\sim 1$ GeV to achieve the observed relic density by thermal means and can be effectively described by only a few parameters, e.g., $\epsilon$, the strength of this KM. In the simplest setup, the Standard Model (SM) $U(1)_Y$ hypercharge gauge boson and a $U(1)_D$ dark photon (DP), which only couples to fields in the dark sector, experience KM via loops of portal matter (PM) fields which have both SM and dark charges thus generating a small coupling between us and dark matter (DM). However, if one wishes to understand the underlying physics behind this idea in a deeper fashion we need to take a step upward to a more UV-complete picture. Meanwhile, CDFII has measured a value for the $W$-boson mass which lies significantly above SM expectations. In this paper we speculate that this shift in the $W$'s mass may be related to the $\sim 1$ GeV mass of the DP within a framework of scalar PM that leads to phenomenologically interesting values of $\epsilon$ via non-abelian KM due to the existence of an $SU(2)_L$, $Y=0$, {\it complex} Higgs triplet which carries a non-zero value of the $U(1)_D$ dark charge. Possible gauge boson plus missing energy signatures of this scenario that can appear at the LHC and elsewhere are examined. Indeed, with modest assumptions, all of the new scalar PM states are predicted to have masses below roughly $\simeq 630$ GeV and so should be at least kinematically accessible. The HL-LHC will very likely to be able to explore all of this model's allowed parameter space.
Accreting neutron stars exhibit Type I X-ray bursts from both frequent hydrogen/helium flashes as well as rare carbon flashes. The latter (superbursts) ignite in the ashes of the former. Hydrogen/helium bursts, however, are thought to produce insufficient carbon to power superbursts. Stable burning could create the required carbon, but this was predicted to only occur at much larger accretion rates than where superbursts are observed. We present models of a new steady-state regime of stable hydrogen and helium burning that produces pure carbon ashes. Hot CNO burning of hydrogen heats the neutron star envelope and causes helium to burn before the conditions of a helium flash are reached. This takes place when the mass accretion rate is around 10% of the Eddington limit: close to the rate where most superbursts occur. We find that increased heating at the base of the envelope sustains steady-state burning by steepening the temperature profile, which increases the amount of helium that burns before a runaway can ensue.
For a complete graph of size $n$, assign each edge an i.i.d. exponential variable with mean $n$. For $\lambda>0$, consider the length of the longest path whose average weight is at most $\lambda$. It was shown by Aldous (1998) that the length is of order $\log n$ for $\lambda < 1/\mathrm{e}$ and of order $n$ for $\lambda > 1/\mathrm{e}$. Aldous (2003) posed the question on detailed behavior at and near criticality $1/\mathrm{e}$. In particular, Aldous asked whether there exist scaling exponents $\mu, \nu$ such that for $\lambda$ within $1/\mathrm{e}$ of order $n^{-\mu}$, the length for the longest path of average weight at most $\lambda$ has order $n^\nu$.   We answer this question by showing that the critical behavior is far richer: For $\lambda$ around $1/\mathrm{e}$ within a window of $\alpha(\log n)^{-2}$ with a small absolute constant $\alpha>0$, the longest path is of order $(\log n)^3$. Furthermore, for $\lambda \geq 1/\mathrm{e} + \beta (\log n)^{-2}$ with $\beta$ a large absolute constant, the longest path is at least of length a polynomial in $n$. An interesting consequence of our result is the existence of a second transition point in $1/\mathrm{e} + [\alpha (\log n)^{-2}, \beta (\log n)^{-2}]$. In addition, we demonstrate a smooth transition from subcritical to critical regime. Our results were not known before even in a heuristic sense.
Lattice Wigner crystal states stabilized by long-range Coulomb interactions have recently been realized in two-dimensional moir\'e materials. We employ large-scale unrestricted Hartree-Fock techniques to unveil the magnetic phase diagrams of honeycomb lattice Wigner crystals. For the three lattice filling factors with the largest charge gaps, n = 2/3, 1/2, 1/3, the magnetic phase diagrams contain multiple phases, including ones with non-collinear and non-coplanar spin arrangements. We discuss magnetization evolution with external magnetic field, which has potential as an experimental signature of exotic spin states. Our theoretical results could potentially be validated in moir\'e materials formed from group VI transition metal dichalcogenide twisted homobilayers.
In the calculation of the $K^+$-nucleus cross sections, the coupling of the mesons exchanged between the $K^+$ and the target nucleons to the polarization of the Fermi sea has been taken into account. This polarization has been calculated in the one-loop approximation but summed up to all orders (RPA-type calculation). This effect is found to be rather important but does not improve the agreement with experiment.
We address the question whether there is a fundamental reason why quantum information is more fragile than classical information. We show that some answers can be found by considering the existence of quantum memories and their dimensional dependence.
We study transport across either a potential or a magnetic barrier which is placed on the top surface of a three-dimensional thin topological insulator (TI). For such thin TIs, the top and bottom surfaces interact via a coupling $\lambda$ which influences the transport properties of junctions constructed out of them. We find that for junctions hosting a potential barrier, the differential conductance oscillates with the barrier strength. The period of these oscillations doubles as the coupling $\lambda$ changes from small values to a value close to the energy of the incident electrons. In contrast, for junctions with a magnetic barrier, the conductance approaches a non-zero constant as the barrier strength is increased. This feature is in contrast to the case of transport across a single TI surface where the conductance approaches zero as the strength of a magnetic barrier is increased. We also study the spin currents for these two kinds of barriers; in both cases, the spin current is found to have opposite signs on the top and bottom surfaces. Thus this system can be used to split applied charge currents to spin currents with opposite spin orientations which can be collected by applying opposite spin-polarized leads to the two surfaces. We show that several of these features of transport across finite width barriers can be understood analytically by studying the $\delta$-function barrier limit. We discuss experiments which may test our theory.
The purpose of this paper is to present the derivation and mathematical analysis of a new asymptotic model that describes the evolution of medium amplitude internal waves propagating between a flat rigid-lid and a highly variable topography. The smallness assumptions on the topographic variation parameter used in [Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2015, 14 (6): 2203-2230] and in [Asymptotic Analysis, vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 61-98, 2018] are now relaxed and the results of the aforementioned papers are improved and generalized to the complex case of large topography variation. Limiting the flow to one-layer, we also emphasize our model's well-posedness in comparison to the original asymptotic model.
We give, in Sections 2 and 3, an english translation of: {\it Classes g\'en\'eralis\'ees invariantes}, J. Math. Soc. Japan, 46, 3 (1994), with some improvements and with notations and definitions in accordance with our book: {\it Class Field Theory: from theory to practice}, SMM, Springer-Verlag, $2^{\rm nd}$ corrected printing 2005. We recall, in Section 4, some structure theorems for finite $\mathbb{Z}_p[G]$-modules ($G \simeq \mathbb{Z}/p\,\mathbb{Z}$) obtained in: {\it Sur les $\ell$-classes d'id\'eaux dans les extensions cycliques relatives de degr\'e premier $\ell$}, Annales de l'Institut Fourier, 23, 3 (1973). Then we recall the algorithm of local normic computations which allows to obtain the order and (potentially) the structure of a $p$-class group in a cyclic extension of degree $p$. In Section 5, we apply this to the study of the structure of relative $p$-class groups of Abelian extensions of prime to $p$ degree, using the Thaine--Ribet--Mazur--Wiles--Kolyvagin "principal theorem", and the notion of "admissible sets of prime numbers" in a cyclic extension of degree $p$, from: {\it Sur la structure des groupes de classes relatives}, Annales de l'Institut Fourier, 43, 1 (1993). In conclusion, we suggest the study, in the same spirit, of some deep invariants attached to the $p$-ramification theory (as dual form of non-ramification theory) and which have become standard in a $p$-adic framework. Since some of these techniques have often been rediscovered, we give a substantial (but certainly incomplete) bibliography which may be used to have a broad view on the subject.
Effective field theories that describes the dynamics of a conserved U(1) current in terms of "hydrodynamic" degrees of freedom of topological phases in condensed matter are discussed in general dimension $D=d+1$ using the functional bosonization technique. For non-interacting topological insulators (superconductors) with a conserved U(1) charge and characterized by an integer topological invariant [more specifically, they are topological insulators in the complex symmetry classes (class A and AIII) and in the "primary series" of topological insulators in the eight real symmetry classes], we derive the BF-type topological field theories supplemented with the Chern-Simons (when $D$ is odd) or the $\theta$-term (when $D$ is even). For topological insulators characterized by a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological invariant (the first and second descendants of the primary series), their topological field theories are obtained by dimensional reduction. Building on this effective field theory description for non-interacting topological phases, we also discuss, following the spirit of the parton construction of the fractional quantum Hall effect by Block and Wen, the putative "fractional" topological insulators and their possible effective field theories, and use them to determine the physical properties of these non-trivial quantum phases.
An inverse obstacle problem for the wave equation in a two layered medium is considered. It is assumed that the unknown obstacle is penetrable and embedded in the lower half-space. The wave as a solution of the wave equation is generated by an initial data whose support is in the upper half-space and observed at the same place as the support over a finite time interval. From the observed wave an indicator function in the time domain enclosure method is constructed. It is shown that, one can find some information about the geometry of the obstacle together with the qualitative property in the asymptotic behavior of the indicator function.
We derive recursion relations for the anomalous dimensions of double-trace operators occurring in the conformal block expansion of four-point stress tensor correlators in the 6d $(2,0)$ theory, which encode higher-derivative corrections to supergravity in $AdS_7 \times S^4$ arising from M-theory. As a warm-up, we derive analogous recursion relations for four-point functions of scalar operators in a toy non-supersymmetric 6d conformal field theory.
We propose a modified form of pair potential for metals. The parameters of the potential are obtained by fitting the cold curve of the potential to that obtained from the ab-initio calculations. Parameters have been obtained for Aluminum, Copper, Sodium and Potassium. To test the accuracy of the potentials, we performed particle-transfer molecular dynamics simulations and obtained the liquid-vapor coexistence curves of the above metals. We found that, in the cases of Sodium and Potassium, the present results improve significantly over those obtained from Morse potential (J.K. Singh et. al., Fluid Phase Equilibria 248(2006)). In the cases of Aluminum and Copper, the present results are closer to those obtained from the Morse potential. We also obtained isobars of Aluminum and Copper at 0.3GPa from NPT ensemble simulations. We observed that the isobars obtained using the Morse potential and the modified potentials are in close agreement in both the cases. The obtained isobar of Copper is in reasonable agreement with the experimental isobar while that of Aluminum is slightly deviating from the experimental isobar.
Bilayer MoS2 is a centrosymmetric semiconductor with degenerate spin states in the six valleys at the corners of the Brillouin zone. It has been proposed that breaking of this inversion symmetry by an out-of-plane electric field breaks this degeneracy, allowing for spin and valley lifetimes to be manipulated electrically in bilayer MoS2 with an electric field. In this work, we report phase-coherent transport properties of double-gated mono-, bi-, and tri-layer MoS2. We observe a similar crossover from weak localization to weak anti-localization, from which we extract the spin relaxation time as a function of both electric field and temperature. We find that the spin relaxation time is inversely proportional to momentum relaxation time, indicating that D'yakonov-Perel mechanism is dominant in all devices despite its centrosymmetry. Further, we found no evidence of electric-field induced changes in spin-orbit coupling strength. This suggests that the interlayer coupling is sufficiently weak and that electron-doped dichalcogenide multilayers behave electrically as decoupled monolayers.
We study the low-energy spectral properties of positive center-of-mass conserving two-body Hamiltonians as they arise in models of fractional quantum Hall states. Starting from the observation that positive many-body Hamiltonians must have ground-state energies that increase monotonously in particle number, we explore what general additional constraints can be obtained for two-body interactions with "center-of-mass conservation" symmetry, both in the presence and absence of particle-hole symmetry. We find general bounds that constrain the evolution of the ground-state energy with particle number, and in particular, constrain the chemical potential at $T=0$. Special attention is given to Hamiltonians with zero modes, in which case similar bounds on the first excited state are also obtained, using a duality property. In this case, in particular, an upper bound on the charge gap is also obtained. We further comment on center of mass and relative decomposition in disk geometry within the framework of second quantization.
We measured temperatures, gravities, and masses for a large sample of blue horizontal branch stars in omega Centauri, comparing the results with theoretical expectations for canonical and He-enriched stars, and with previous measurements in three other clusters. The measured gravities of omega Cen stars are systematically lower than canonical models, in agreement with expectations for He-enriched stars, and contrary to that observed in the comparison clusters. However, the derived masses are unrealistically too low as well. This cannot be explained by low gravities alone, nor by any of the other parameters entering in the calculation. We find that the same stars are not brighter than their analogs in the other clusters, contrary to the expectations of the He-enrichment scenario. The interpretation of the results is thus not straightforward, but they reveal an intrinsic, physical difference between HB stars in omega Cen and in the three comparison clusters.
Let G be a Lie group equipped with a set of left invariant vector fields. These vector fields generate a function \xi on Wiener space into G via the stochastic version of Cartan's rolling map. It is shown here that, for any smooth function f with compact support, f(\xi) is Malliavin differentiable to all orders and these derivatives belong to L^p(\mu) for all p>1, where \mu is Wiener measure.
We present and analyze the orbits of eight nearby planetary nebulae (PNs) using two different Galactic models. The errors of the derived orbital parameters are determined with a Monte Carlo method. Based on the derived orbital parameters, we find that Sh 2-216, DeHt 5, NGC 7293, A21, and Ton 320 belong to the thin-disk population, and PG 1034+001 and A31 belong to the thick-disk population. PuWe 1 probably belongs to the thick-disk population, but its population classification is very uncertain due to the large errors of its derived orbital parameters. The PN-ISM interactions are observed for the eight PNs in our sample. The position angles of the proper motions of the PNs are consistent with the directions of the PN-ISM interaction regions. The kinematic ages of PNs are much smaller than the time for them to cross the Galactic plane. Using the models of Borkowski et al. and Soker et al., the PN-ISM interaction can be used to derive the local density of ISM in the vicinity of evolved PNs. According to the three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of Wareing et al. (WZO), Sh 2-216, A21, and Ton 320 are in the WZO 3 stage, PG 1034+001 and NGC 7293 are in the WZO 1 stage, and PuWe 1 is in the WZO 2 stage.