ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Architecture, as we know it today, can be defined as a language that exemplifies the attributes of a particular culture or way of societal thinking. In essence, architecture expresses two specific characteristics; in that it has a functional characteristic which is embodied by the usability aspect of architectural projects (i.e. the building serves a specific purpose such as acting as museum, apartment building, library, etc.). It also has symbolic characteristic as embodied by how the form and design elements of a building are meant to connote some type of symbolic message (Sari et al., 2011). It is this use of symbolism as a part of architectural aesthetics and design that will be focused on in this paper within the context of superstitions from different cultures and how they influence the functional and aesthetic design of architectural works. It is the belief of this paper that superstition in architectural design should only impact aesthetic elements in the design elements and should not impact the functional attributes of an architectural project. Symbolism and Superstition in Architecture Before proceeding, it is necessary to delve into the concept of symbolism within architecture and how they are related to cultural superstitions. First, it is important to note that architectural projects, such as buildings, can be considered physical representations of a common cultural agreement involving aesthetics and design choices. For example, one of the most common cultural agreements associated with superstition can be seen in the design of mosques in Islamic culture wherein there is a general superstition surrounding their need to face Mecca. As a result, the design orientations of mosques for several hundred years have focused on implementing this specific design choice in all current mosques. On the other hand, for a better impression of how superstitions influence design through symbolism, an examination of many of today’s classical cathedrals, such as Notre Dame, can be used as an example. Aside from their spires, cross shaped interior designs and vestibules, one of the most iconic design symbols that are associated with these buildings are their use of gargoyles on their facades. The use of these stone monstrosities was due to the superstitious belief at the time that putting monsters on the surfaces of churches would help to scare demons away. Another interesting use of symbols in architecture is the use of curved designs in ancient China when it came to various architectural projects. The reas
Time passes and memories will be the only things we will own when we get older. These memories can make us relive the moments of the past and have the same feelings as we once had. Both the poem and the excerpt from the memoir can bring back old memories. At first glance, “Mrs. Caldera’s House of Things” is only a description of the house. The author spends a sufficient amount of time describing Mrs. Caldera’s possessions that the real meaning can be easily overlooked. However, each item mentioned in the poem can provide information about the woman’s life. Mrs. Caldera’s hands “have held babies, a husband, tractor parts and gas tanks,” meaning that the woman has used the described items (Djanikian). Her life has been adventurous and multifaceted, and the things she keeps remind her of these events. She is content with her life and can only enjoy remembering the life she has lived. Djanikian uses symbolism throughout the poem to deliver the central idea. For instance, by saying, “And whatever enters, remains:” he speaks of not only the things but also the memories (Djanikian). In other words, all events in Mrs. Caldera’s life will be remembered by her, and the items she owns will facilitate these memories. Jon Fisher’s excerpt has the same central idea – items we own help us not forget the past. In some cases, only thinking about the items may help revive the memories. This idea is supported by the author in the sentence, “I haven’t seen my watch for twenty years, but I still hear that buzz” (Fisher 61). Although the author does not have the watch anymore, only thinking of this watch brings back all associated memories. Therefore, things that we had and have in life often connect us to memorable events. For instance, Fisher thinks of his bar mitzvah when he reminisces his watch. The author emphasizes the significance of remembering – he uses the word “afterlife” to refer to his memories (Fisher 61). In other words, items we own are not only of practical use. They also play the metaphysical role of facilitators – they are the keys to our afterlife. Fisher uses flashbacks throughout his essay to deliver the main idea of the writing. After mentioning each item, the author reminisces associated events that took place in the past. He speaks of bar mitzvah when thinking of the watch, and recalls his rides to school, his friend, and her father. The sentence “Her father would come out and wait with me, looking the Green Machine up and down and shaking his head” is an example of flashbacks used by the author (Fisher 62). The author spends much time remembering, and thinking of the items he owned helps him recall associated events. The main topic of both literary texts is personal belongings and their relation to past life experiences. Djanikian describes Mrs. Caldera as a woman who is satisfied with her life and what has happened before. Her house is full of items that can be associated with positive moments of her life. While Fisher presents the same topic, he is nostalgic when describing his items. He constantly flashbacks as if he wants
Introduction While working within the community, nurses should address the needs of the community as a diverse group. To discuss the individual health issues, it is necessary to refer to the whole community because the community can affect the health of the local population significantly. Furthermore, to speak about the health services provided within the concrete area, it is necessary to discuss health care delivery at the community level. Anoka County is a county located in the northern part of Minnesota. To understand how to address the community health problems, it is necessary to assess the health of the community in Anoka County. The purpose of this community health assessment is to examine the factors which can influence the health of Anoka County’s population and to propose recommendations to address the community’s health needs. Thus, to assess the community’s health, it is necessary to develop and analyze the Anoka County community profile data, to conduct the windshield survey to assess the community needs, interpret the data, prioritize the needs, and provide the recommendations for the community on how to address the community’s health needs. Discussion of the Community’s Location Anoka County is a highly-populated county located in the northern part of Minnesota. The county borders on Chisago County, Hennepin County, Ramsey County, Washington County, Isanti County, and Sherburne County ( Anoka County Website , 2014; Appendix 1). Regarding such a dimension as the community’s location, it is important to pay attention to such characteristics as the presence of many water resources and adequate water supplies to meet the community’s needs. The mild climate, flora, and fauna are typical for Minnesota State and this region of the country. Thus, the absence of pestilent plants prevents the community from additional non-typical health risks. The majority of the community’s population lives in urban areas. However, in spite of the typically mild weather, the community is at risk of frequent tornados, hurricanes, and storms because of the climate features ( Anoka County Website , 2014). That is why much attention should be paid to the disaster emergency activities in the county in order to provide people with the necessary health assistance when disasters occur (Table 1). Table 1. Anoka County Location and Geography. Geographic Features  Characteristics
Abstract The paper is aimed at analyzing the leadership styles used by Blake Mycoskie and Martin Shkreli. The results of comparative analysis based on the available literature indicate that these entrepreneurs’ approaches to leadership are different in terms of purpose, ethical values, and communication with current and ex-followers. The identified similarities include the emphasis put on the organizational impact produced by a leader. In spite of significant differences related to the entrepreneurs’ current situation, the report provides general improvement recommendations based on the ideas of flexibility in leadership and the 4V model of ethical leadership. According to them, Mycoskie’s areas of improvement include vision (client-centeredness, the effectiveness of charity activities, the quality of goods). Shkreli can grow as a leader by improving the ethical aspect of his activities and working with values. Introduction Historical Background of the Two Leaders Blake Mycoskie, the first leader, included in the assignment, is a famous entrepreneur in his early forties and the author of popular books on leadership. Born in Texas, this person is best known for his approach to business in the apparel industry (Toms Shoes) that mixes for-profit activities and philanthropy. Martin Shkreli, the second person, included in the analysis, is a 35-year-old man of Albanian origin and a former monopolist in the pharma industry of the United States. In different periods of his career, he was a CEO of two pharmaceutical corporations and damaged their reputation. Executive Summary Definition of Leadership Leadership and its notion are among the most widely discussed concepts in management. Having summarized a range of definitions, it can be said that leadership involves a range of processes used by people in order to coordinate the efforts of other group members. In this report, leadership is understood as a set of principles that guide managers’ decision-making in relation to strategic goals, employee incentives, competition, and other aspects of the business. Leadership Styles and Positions Judging from Blake Mycoskie’s initiatives and strategy, he is a transformational leader who manages to balance the use of directive and free-rein styles. Mycoskie’s participative approach makes him a successful co-leader – initially, he was the only founder of TOMS Shoes, but today, he shares the reigns of power with some of his colleagues (Bronk and McLean 27). As for the style represented by Martin Shkreli, this former leader’s unethical actions and efforts to conceal the truth about financial operations characterize him as an authoritative and unethical leader, utilizing a directive approach to management. Nowadays, he does not hold any leadership positions due to being imprisoned (Plummer et al. 19). However, during the peak of his business success, he was a key decision-maker in
Background In psychoanalysis, communication conjecture and sociology, media persuade or media impact connotes to the philosophy regarding the channels the mass media impact how spectators suppose and perform. Mass media has become a prominent barrier of communication flanking families and the exterior world. Mass media perform an important function in constituting and replicating civic judgment; media integrates the world to persons and generate the character of the community. During the antique, critics suggested that media deteriorate or demarcate the person’s ability to function separately-a times being credited the manipulation such the telescreens in the dystopian book, Kaiser Foundation (2005). In the mid 20th century pragmatic research, nevertheless, implied that more restricted impact of media. Present scholarship affords a more intricate integration flanking the media and community, with the media on engendering in rank from a structure of associations as well as manipulation and with personal definitions and analysis of the in sequence presented, and creating information beyond the precincts of media perspectives. The impact and corollary of mass media associate not merely to the form newsworthy experienced, although also to a large amount of edifying manipulations that function by the means of media, Kaiser Foundation (2005). Mass media has a brawny social as well as cultural effect on the civilization. This is embedded on the capacity to reach extensive interview that normally transmit strong as well as influential data. It is by means of the articulacy of media the reminiscent of TV sets, broadcasting and paper media that reach out a wider audience. These have been manipulative media as they have been principally answerable in clustering people’s day to day lives and procedures. TV transmission has an extensive quantity of control in manipulating the content that community observed and the times in which they are examined. This is a characteristic façade of conventional media and although they are by no means superfluous, the progression of the internet infrastructure has braved up conventional chipping in traditions associated in media such as television. The age of the internet has seen a lift on limits mounted on the community by enhancing multiplicity of opinionated notions, communal as well as cultural disparities and heightened echelon of clientele engagement. It is evident and suggestions indicate that enhancing clients to generate in sequence by means of the internet will bring about the barrage of too much in rank. In bid to quantifying the anomalies of aggression within a society, reviewers should co
The work of police officers is driven by priorities, namely the need to preserve order in the community and the necessity to avoid harm to people (Alpert, 2004, p. 38; Kania, 2008). The case that will be analyzed shows that sometimes these priorities can often be a conflict with one another. This paper is aimed at discussing the situation when a police officer had to address an urgent problem while complying with strict regulations that were adopted in the police department. This situation demonstrates that the rules which regulate the work of law enforcement officers should be specific and clear; otherwise, these professionals will face many legal difficulties and sanctions. This is one of the main arguments that should be discussed in greater detail. This issue is important for understanding many legal aspects. On the whole, the central issue of this case is the ability to use force as a means of preserving social order. The main question is when and why this coercion can be justified from legal and ethical standpoints. This is the main dilemma that Deputy Raymond Ripley had to resolve while deciding how to respond to the alleged burglary or theft. This is one of the main aspects that can be identified. This dilemma is particularly important if one speaks about the rules according to which a police officer can use force only if he/she has to prevent violent crime. It is possible to say that they significantly limited the authority of this person. Therefore, the work of this person could be more challenging. One can argue that Raymond Ripley’s actions did not quite comply with the rules according to which the use of force had to be minimized. The problem is that he did not have to prevent the violent crime and he had no sufficient evidence showing that burglary or theft could be taking place. Therefore, his actions may give rise to criticism. This is one of the main aspects that can be identified. Nevertheless, despite this violation, one cannot say that Raymond Ripley should have ended the pursuit. One should take into consideration that the vehicl
Introduction For the last decade international community has experienced vibrant movements of migrants and refugees. However, the international laws surrounding human rights and migration cannot provide a valid framework to adequately address these developments. Moreover, political pressure and rising levels of identity crisis contribute to the establishment of an environment filled with xenophobia and fear, “in which security has in some cases become the primary rationale underpinning rapidly changing migration policies” (Popescu & Libal, 2018, p. i). The profession of social workers acts as an advocate for the human rights of refugees and migrants in education and practice. This paper would focus on the identification of limitations of conventional social work practice in the dealings with refugees and migrants and suggest possible alternative and progressive approaches. Evaluation of Conventional Social Work The social issue of migrants and refugees was fueled by various violent conflicts, natural disasters, and difficulties with survival. In detail, these factors include the ongoing armed conflict in Syria, Central and South America’s civil unrest, violent movements, and drug wars that affected the situation (Popescu & Libal, 2018). Simultaneously, famine, poverty, and conflicts in some of the African regions such as Eritrea, Yemen, and Sudan, along with the volatile postwar condition of Afghanistan and Iraq, had a significant impact on the issue (Popescu & Libal, 2018). Consequently, according to the statistics from the UN, the number of forced migrants rose sharply and, by the end of 2017, reached 68.5 million people (UNHCR, 2017). The people that were initially displaced accounted for 40 million out of the given number and had a certain degree of international protection, while 28.5 million crossed international borders in search of a refuge (Popescu & Libal, 2018). These 28.5 million people could be further categorized as 3.1 million asylum seekers and 25.4 million refugees. On the other hand, political reconfigurations in terms of nationality and citizenship could be attributed to the increase in the number of stateless people. As a result, people’s rights are not recognized, and they become extremely vulnerable as they “navigate between the interstices of a nation-state system” (Popescu & Libal, 2018, p. i). Nonetheless, to address this global migration, numerous governments started to revise their migration policies adding new layers of restriction. Limitations Addressing the Issue However, this approach is questionable as increasing the protection of the forced migrants would have been more humanitarian. Furthermore, according to the research by Greider (2020), instead of following international human rights and humanitarian standards, numerous governments shaped their asylum policies based on discretionary political decisions. This restrictive approach toward immigration policies threatens the option of following resettlement programs for refugees. This is evident in the statistics of 2017, where a significant reduction of 54% in resettlement requests by UNHCR occurred in comparison to the previous year (Popescu & Libal, 20
Introduction Kelly was innocent as there was no immediacy in the offence that was being subjected against her. According to the details which have been given in this case, for there to be an actus Reus there was supposed to be some result which has not been established considering that the plaintiff scampered for safety without any move from the defendant. From the details of the case, Kelly sent her a picture message with a clenched fist. She also met her at the Max and displayed the same gesture though she did not get physically apprehend her. Rule of law According to the criminal justice act 1988, section 39, assault and all the elements of assault are set out clearly under the case law. This offence carries out a punishment which does not exceed a six months imprisonment. According to the House of Lords an offence that results in an assault is committed when “the defendant, due to recklessness or intention causes apprehension of immediate and also unlawful personal violence to the victim” (California Superior Courts et al., 1918). In this case, the actus reus that must be met for a case to qualify as an assault case is for the victim to apprehend, instance of personal violence, unlawfulness and immediacy (R v Meade and Belt, 1823). Rules and facts In determining this case, we should look at the rule of law and the facts of the case to determine the applicability of the rule of law in this case. The instances are as outlined below;   * There was no conduct or result by Kelly that resulted to an assault. Kelly only clenched her fist and looked at the direction of Jessie and additionally moved one step. There is no point that can prove that she was actually moving to hit Jessie or not   * Despite the words that she sent on the text message, no words could be equated to an act of assault   * There was no immediacy the moment that Jessie ran away from the max as Kelly was in the other end of the max   * There was no personal violence that was involved in this case and so it could not result in assault.   * Jessie ran out of fear but not out of any violence inflicted on her or about to be inflicted on her by Kelly. Argument Looking at the facts of the above case it is evident that Kelly has no case to answer as all that she did was to warn Jessie against getting into her relationship with the boyfriend. She was only infuriated by the kiss and thus reacted which does not mean that she assaulted Jessie. She however cannot be sued for assault as there was no immediacy in the act (R v Constanza, 1997). The words that she wrote on the message cannot be taken for assault as they portrayed personal violence in no way (R v Ireland, 1997). For the reasons stated, I would urge my fellow contestants to own up defeat and join me in the claim that Kelly is innocent cannot be sued for assault. Conclusion This paper has clearly indicated the rule of the law and the facts behind the case of Jessie vs. Kelly. It has proven that the facts behind the case render it inadmissible and that the defendant cannot be sued by the plaintiff. There is a strong argument in this debate t