ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the recent past, a lot of changes have taken place in the New Zealand domestic airline market. There have been changes in the volume of travellers plying the domestic route, changes in the number of players in the market, and changes in sales volume among others. It is estimated that in the year 2007, revenue from this sector amounted to about 1.6 billion New Zealand dollars. Industry experts are of the view that for a period of seven years from the year 2000, the domestic market was dominated by two key players. These were Air New Zealand and Qantas. It is only much later that new entrant in the market started challenging this dominance. For example, the entry of Pacific Blue in the market in November 2007 brought with it a lot of changes to the market. Faced by this financially strong new competitor, Air New Zealand and Qantas had to change their strategies. This saw the reduction in air fares and increased flight frequency among others. This development brings into fore the issue of strategic groups in this market (Leask & Parker 398). This is because the various players in this market make use of identical business models and strategies (Leask & Parker 398). This is especially so in the case of the three major players; Air New Zealand, Qantas and pacific Blue. This essay is going to look at several issues surrounding this strategic group in New Zealand’s domestic airline market. The essay will include a strategic group map and analysis of the market using the Porter’s Five Forces Model. Strategic Group Map for Air New Zealand, Pacific Blue and Qantas A strategic group map is the location of different strategic organisation’s or competitors in an industry within a two axis plane (Olusoga, Mokwa & Noble 155). The X and Y axis of the plane is made up of two variables within which the organisation’s compete. Pricing and geographical coverage will be the two variables for this map. The following is the strategic group map for the three strategic groups: Figure 1: Strategic Group Map Pricing and geographical coverage were the two variables selected for the map because they are main platforms on which the three operators compete on. It is notable that the three competitors have differently sized circles in the map. The size is determined by the position they occupy in the market and their share of the same (Scholes & Whittington 79). Air New Zealand, according to this map, is the leader in the market. This is because it has the largest share in the market. For example, it is estimated that seventy percent of ticket sales between 2000 and 2007 was attributed to this company (Atkinson 22). The company has the largest geographical coverage
Introduction Industrial engineering (IE) determines how fundamental factors of production are identified, coordinated, and used to aid efficiency and productivity in diverse operational sectors. It provides innovative skills that aid planning, control, and quality in the engineering sector. Evidently, it is important for individuals and countries with resources and strong performance orientations to adopt sustainable and conventional engineering practices. The practices should be developed under ideological, purposeful, and developmental virtues in order to facilitate construction of cost effective infrastructures. Industrial engineers should attain superior training on best engineering practices that embraces modern techniques of operation. This is to facilitate development of appropriate construction designs, allocation of resources, and crafting of superior strategic plan to enhance effectiveness (Price 2). Contextually, this paper discusses Industrial engineering as a major and as a job/career. Additionally, it discerns the importance of Industrial engineering in diverse aspects. Indeed, industrial engineering is a concept that seeks to revolutionize execution of activities in various economic sectors. This is achievable through adoption of noble practices that aim at improving productivity, creativity, and effectiveness. Proposal for the research paper This piece provides insightful information on the imperativeness of industrial engineering that remains a noble aspect in steering performance in the current society. The concept presents requisite incentives that drive planning, design, and control of resources in the engineering setting. This propels effectiveness and efficiency in
Introduction Despite the constant wars, the XVII-th century was very good for the economy of the Netherlands. Netherlands merchants dominated the European markets, the Baltic and Mediterranean seas, in Germany and the UK. Squeezing Antwerp, Amsterdam became the center of European trade. Dutch fishing vessels predominated in the North Sea. In the late XVI – early XVII-th century Dutch sailors made a lot of geographical discoveries in Asia, North America and Australia, which marked the beginning of the period of colonial conquest. Thanks to the enterprising East and West India Company Republic invaded the colony in Southeast Asia (starting with the capture of the Portuguese possessions) and in America. Founded in 1602 the Netherlands East India Company enjoyed a monopoly of trade in the Indian and Pacific oceans, it competed with the British and sent large shipments of spices and other exotic goods to Europe. On behalf of the General States of the Netherlands, East India Company had the right of declaring war and concluding peace, could build cities and fortress, coin money, enter into treaties with the native authorities, appoint officials in the colonies. Huge profits were of great importance for the accelerated economic growth in the country. Netherlands West India
There is the consideration that persuasion is better than force in some cases. When a person is forced to do something, he/she is sure to meet the resistance. Aggression always gives rise to aggression. People do not like when somebody tries to impose something on them. Here are some specific arguments which may show that it is always better to persuade somebody with convincing arguments and persuasive reasons rather than make those do what one wants. There are a lot of examples which show that it is better to persuade somebody rather than force. Force is guaranteed to meet force. For example, when Michael Obi tried to force the inhabitants of the village to build another footpath he met the resistance which became apparent in violation, “beautiful hedges were torn up not just near the path but right round the school, the flowers trampled to death, and one of the school buildings pulled down” (Achebe 167). It is obvious that if a new headmaster were more patient, everything would be different. According to the plot of this story, the inhabitants of the village lived many years with the old footpath, and everybody was satisfied with what they saw. People in the village do not like changes. And here comes a stranger who tries to impose his new rules without permission. This is unacceptable, that is why villagers related the first lousy event to the new footpath. If Michael Obi tried to persuade the villagers with some specific arguments and allowed them to get used to the situation, he would not meet such aggressive resistance. The moral of the fable The wind and the Sun says that “Persuasion is better than force, and a kind and a gentle manner will get quicker results than threats” (Aesop 73). Reading the fable mentioned above, it becomes understandable that he is saying is true. When the traveler felt the threat from the side of the North Wind, he did everything to protect himself. Having no opportunity to react to aggression, a person becomes to do all he/she can to protect him/herself. In the case with the Sun, the traveler had to take off all his clothes to be able to sustain that heat. This is the difference when a person is persuaded, he/she will do all the necessary things he/she is expected. When one is forced to do something, the natural reaction to resist appears. A person wants to react in response without thinking about what is happening. Aesop writes, “The North wind began, and sent a furious blast, which nearly tore the cloak from its fastening; but the trav
Ethnicity is a societal process that is noticeable by diverse facets. Evidently, when this concern merges with social class discrepancies and racial differences, it affects humanity by creating a platform for increased disintegration (Fenton 1). Considerably, the current initiation in technology combined with increased globalization continues to cause remarkable decline in ethnicity. Consequently, the role of human art in uplifting social parity, creating awareness, and enhancing integration across ethnic groups is unavoidable. For example, a keen analysis of Guillermo’s work shows successful dedication to social parity and integration across expansive and diverse societies. Although born Mexican, Guillermo’s passion for art leads him to US for studies after which he sets a contribution to art and social advocacy (Huízar). Although negative ethnicity still exists, it is up to individuals to rise above it and utilize their talents to overcome it. “La Pocha Nostra,” an anti racist body strives to promote social integration through art. Composed of diverse groups and personalities world wide, La Pocha engages in a variety of performances, utilizing information technology facilities to create socio-political awareness whereas enhancing interaction of the global community. Such initiatives help in the fight against ethnic based discrimination and foster integration. Ethnicity is as old as humanity, with effects evident across all spheres of life, such as performance art. Performance arts emerge as basic unifying element. This is because diverse tribal groups rejoice art from diverse divisions. Its revolution from 1960’s up to date shows a series of adjustments that comply with societal interests, and globalization (Fenton 30). The trends make performance art tolerable in all ethnic groups globally, reducing the rejection and boundaries that previously existed. Implications of ethnicity can significantly lessen depending on individual initiatives. The artistic works of Guillermo illustrate the importance of constructive application of talents and endeavors aimed to minimize ethnicity. Although still prevalent in many cities and states, the growing century will experience decrease in ethnicity due to increased enculturation and diffusion of art across borders. Human movement and immigration include also enhance decline in ethnicity (Fenton 51). Unlike presently, ancient times had unpleasant incidences of contravention of human privileges including slavery. Guillermo’s ability to reach the global society through technology and create an affirmative attitude towards performance art is admirable. This is evident in the US where he is not native thus depicting the constructive influence talent has on ethnicity. With the advent of technology, Guillermo foresees and works towards a universal and multicentric comprehension of cultures, and addresses social injustices through humor in his digital performances (Huízar). Establishing the web as a global community using unique and universally t
Introduction Nowadays, the business world is looking for continuous expansion to generate higher revenues and enhancing the quality of the production processes. Additionally, mergers and acquisitions contribute to the strengthening of the competences and stimulation of the core competitive advantage while facing the increasing and intense competition in the world. Nonetheless, the significant differences between mergers and acquisitions tend to exist due to the different nature of the phenomenon. The takeover and acquisition imply having control of the acquired firm’s equity by 50 % (Piesse, Lee, Lin, & Kuo, 2013). In turn, the merger implies the creation of the new business unit (Piesse et. al, 2013). Despite having slightly dissimilar nature, the intentions remain the same, as they remain an essential instrument to stay competitive on the market. In turn, the concept of the synergy enhancement also has to be taking into account while improving the quality of acquisitions and justifying their importance. It is commonly known that one of the goals of acquisitions is to enhance the synergies between the organizational and structural components (Damodaran, 2005). Nonetheless, it is important to take them into account due to the essentiality of the maintenance of the efficiency of the business processes and the lack of knowledge of the synergies applications in the context of mergers and acquisitions. In this instance, the primary goal of the paper is to evaluate and describe merger and acquisition theories, synergies and valuation models to determine the sufficiency of their application in the real case scenarios. Additionally, it underlines the essentiality of acquisitions, mergers, and takeovers in the business world. Lastly, it determines their beneficial effects on the functioning of both participants of the process. Merger & Acquisition Theories Differential efficiency theory is the first theory, which is actively applied in management and economics to determine the nature and implication of the mergers and acquisitions in the real business world. It could be said that it clearly describes the relationship between the companies after the takeover and the possibility of the benefits for both sides. In this instance, it implies that that the acquisition of Company A of Company B is beneficial for both organizations, as Company A can enhance the efficiency of Company B while operating in the same industry (Piesse et. al, 2013). It implies that this activity is beneficial for both actors of acquisition and can be actively implemented in the context of the horizontal takeovers. As for the inefficiency management theory, it implies that the efficiency of Firm B can be increased by other means due to the public origin of its status (Piesse et. al, 2013). This approach underlines different types of takeovers by emphasizing the conglomerate acquisitions. Nonetheless, both inefficiency management theory and differentiation efficiency are aimed at the enhancement of the effectiveness by optimization of the resource allocation, introduction of the new corporate culture, and creation o
Introduction Retailers across the globe and in the UK, in particular, are searching for strategies that will help them achieve a competitive advantage and attract a more significant number of customers interested in their products. A new marketing strategy can help H&M achieve this goal despite the challenges of the current retailer environment in the country. This paper aims to examine the retail industry in the UK and Huddersfield and present a marketing plan for H&M. Analysis of Retailer The retail industry in the UK is affected by a variety of social, economic and political factors that determine its development. In general, this sector was able to generate £92.8 billion in 2017 (Rhodes, 2018). The number of businesses operating in this industry in the UK is approximately 319,000. The total amount of money spent in retail within the UK is estimated at £395 billion (Rhode, 2017). Thus, the industry appears to be earning a sufficient amount of money. Table 1 presents an assessment of the external components that affect H&M using a PESTEL model. Table 1. PESTEL analysis of H&M (created by the author). Political                                                                                                                       Economic                                                                                                                    Social                                                                                                          * The UK is undergoing changes due to Brexit, which will affect multinational retailers                                         * Due to various changes, the spending on clothing is reduced when compared to previous years                               * Consumer behaviour and attitudes towards purchases changes (Rhodes, 2018)                                   * Political uncertainty results in issues with supply chain management when purchasing from foreign countries (Conley, 2017)    * The UK is facing financial challenges that affect the spending decisions of people (“Retail trends 2019,” 2019)           * Demand for clothes in the UK is reducing                                                                                                                                                                                                    * Manufacturing costs continue to rise. However, margins have to remain stable (“Retail trends 2019,” 2019)                                                                                                                             Technological                                                                                                                   Legislative
The affective component of moral development is associated with a person’s emotions and feelings caused by doing morally right or wrong actions. The psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud is directly related to this affective component because the researcher focused on a specific role of people’s emotions in their moral development through the superego (Sigelman & Rider, 2018). Thus, the superego, or an individual’s conscience, acts as a supervisor of a person’s emotions and actions to guarantee that they are morally appropriate. According to the psychoanalytic theory, during their moral development, children are motivated to act ethically to feel positive moral emotions and avoid shame or guilt. One should note that family and cultural environments play a crucial role in developing young persons’ aggressive behaviors. The reason is that children conclude about the acceptability of aggressive or violent behaviors with reference to what they see and hear in their family and community (Sigelman & Rider, 2018). If children do not understand the immoral character of aggression and violence and see how their close people and friends demonstrate aggressive behaviors, they are not aware of the necessity of controlling their anger. Working with individuals who are inclined to demonstrate aggressive behaviors, it is necessary to determine how often and under which circumstances clients can observe aggression and violence in their community. It is also critical to identify reactions to aggression acceptable in their family, as well as the ways to monitor and control it (Labella & Masten, 2018). The answers to these questions will help to demonstrate what surroundings and reactions or the absence of any can lead to the development of aggressive behaviors in individuals as their variant of a morally acceptable emotion or action. When communicating with both clients and members of their families on the topics of aggressive behaviors and morality, it is possible to gain insights important for the further practice and formulation of effective recommendations to follow.
Introduction Deforestation is currently becoming one of the major global ecological issues. Whether it occurs in the temperate or tropical regions, deforestation is an environmental problem that continues to endanger the wellbeing of the world population, cause an extinction threat to most of the plant and animal species as well as increase the global warming (Colfer 10). Currently, about 15 million hectares of tropical and temperate rainforests are lost annually with the deforestation in Sumatra rainforest in Indonesia accounting for over 70% of this estimate. The deforestation in Indonesian Sumatra has surpassed that of the Amazon in Brazil and is estimated that it accounts for about 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions (Colfer 51). The main environmental or socio-political/economic issues Trade in timber is the major cause of deforestation in Indonesia. About 70% of the Indonesian rainforest particularly in the Sumatra region has been cleared as a result of logging. While most countries have illegalized timber exports, Indonesia has far fallen short of these regulations. Besides, timber exports contribute about 10% of the Indonesian GDP, making it difficult to eliminate timber logging and trade. As indicated by McDermott and Kanowski, countries like Indonesia with large forest cover are more likely to benefit from the lucrative timber trade 254. However, ecological footprint resulting from such trade is far and wide. While the Indonesian government is reluctant to reduce the trade and logging activities in its major forests, the effects of deforestation have a profound effect on other industries such as tourism and fishing. Continuous logging has also been found to have adverse effects on the social settings. Communities that depended on the forest have been displaced or their economic activities changed due to clearance of natural forest cover (Perez 163). Causes and the results As indicated, one of the major causes of the deforestation in the Indonesian Sumatra rainforest is the logging for timber trade (Weatherbee 47). About 36 hectares of forest cover are cleared daily as a result of timber harvesting. Apart from the unsustainable logging, other factors such as fuel wood harvesting, climate change and conversion of forest cover for farming and infrastructure development have also accounted for the clearance of natural forest in Indonesia (Brown and Pearce 13). As mentioned, the results range from reduced biodiversity to disruption of livelihoods. The other effects include increased greenhouse gas emissions, disrupted water cycle and increased soil erosions. Studies indicate that tropical forests such as that found in Indonesia hold over 200 gigatonnes of carbon (White 53). Destruction of such forests release large volumes of carbon into the atmosphere. Essentially, it is estimated that the destruction of Indonesian natural forests accounts for over 50% of the total forest carbon release into the atmosphere. Actions taken to reduce deforestation in Indonesia Both local and internat