ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Due to globalization and increased competition in the field of business, international investment has gained popularity as a way of increasing sales. Many firms both large and small have found that to increase demand of their products as well as enjoy economies of scale, they have to invest in various foreign countries. Besides increasing choices that are available to consumers nowadays, international trade has enhanced efficiency in production thereby improving the quality of products. It should be noted that globalization has financial implications while international partnerships have both strengths and weaknesses. Globalization has led to the emergence of financial markets that are effective worldwide. As a result, access to external sources of finance by both corporations and nations has been enhanced. Though this is good because investments have been increased due to availability of funds, it has also led to increased liability. Nowadays, the proportions of foreign stocks and foreign liabilities in gross domestic product have highly increased (Bhargava, 2006). On the same note, globalization has led to emergence, growth and spread of other financial intermediaries besides traditional banks. Other than increasing innovation in the financial sector, emergence of financial intermediaries has also increased flow of finance from one area to the other. Similarly, due to globalization and increased flow of money, nations have found it difficult to control fluctuations in their economy. Consequently, global imbalances can easily affect financial stability of a given nation thus affecting prices, interest rates and even exchange rates (Goldin & Reinert, 2007). Moreover, globalization has increased the flow of capital among different states. As a result, there has been increased foreign direct investment as well as labor relocation leading to increased remittances. It should be noted that policies by various governments cannot be implemented without taking into account finance from foreign sources. On the same note, globalization has led to emergence of global partnerships which have been able to achieve much due to various strengths. Firstly, international partnerships are able to exploit economies of scale due to their increased level of operation. As a result, they are able to offer competitive prices in the market thus gaining competitive advantage (Prasad, Rogoff, Wei, & Kose, 2003). Similarly, international partnerships can access cheap inputs thus they are enable to increase their profits. Additionally, international partnerships have been known to be ahead in terms of technological advancements. This enables them to increase their eff
Technology is ubiquitous and has invaded every aspect of our personal and professional lives. Social networking sites have gone ahead and even blurred the lines between personal and professional lives. Technology is used for various purposes but the most common use can be found in information sharing and communications. The Internet has revolutionized the way we use technology, especially when used to communicate with each other to share information. So phenomenal is the internet that it has been compared to the industrial revolution of eighteenth-century Europe. Every organization, whether it is small, medium, or large, has in one way or another been affected by technology. Although we are aware of technology and its various uses, it is interesting to understand how it is implemented in an Interior Architecture or Design firm. Communications are at the core of today’s business world, with businesses interacting with other businesses (B2B) and interacting with their customers (B2C). An IT administrator who works at an architectural firm informed me that most firms today have a networked environment, which helps leverage IT investments by allowing multiple devices to interconnect with each other. For example, all computers and laptops in the firm are connected to a network device called a switch, which allows these computers to “talk” to each other as well as other devices called servers, printers, plotters, and mobile devices. Below is a diagram of a typically networked environment in a small or medium architectural practice that uses technology. The most commonly used network environment is the client-server architecture. Servers are powerful computers used to host enterprise applications and share various business-related documents and software while clients such as laptops and printers use the services offered by these servers. Important business information such as customer and supplier names and contacts, architectural drawings, quotations, project-related files are stored in servers called file servers which are regularly backed up. These file servers allow business information to be easily available and accessible to various architects and project managers and serve as an important source of historical information, also called Business Intelligence. Laptops and computers are loaded with business applications such as Microsoft Office, Instant Messaging, email applications, and other designing software such as AutoCAD and CADKit. In a digitized environment, all details of the business operation are stored electronically, which allows them to be compiled into a single document. For example, a site visit by a surveyor to a customer’s location may involve pictures taken from the digital camera. This information is moved from the camera in a digitized format to the laptop and eventually stored on the server for the engineers, architects, or project engineers to be used for determining the scope of the project. Similarly, videos taken using a video camera may be used for a certain award ceremony may be used for advertising on the c
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the history of Women’s struggle in South Africa. Related issues to be discussed in this paper include the history and apartheid policy that dominated in South Africa. A brief history of Women’s Movement in South Africa Women in South Africa are known of being politically active, and are still mobilized throughout South Africa. Many of their protests were sporadic and varied in content in early 1900s. For instance, they mobilized against the inclusion of women in the carrying of passes in Bloemfontein in 1913. They also mobilized not only against the implementation of poll tax on Indian people, but also against constraints on their economic activities in what was termed as Beerhall Protests in Natal in early 1920s (Burnett, Karmali & Manji, 2007). Women workers started participating actively in trade unions in 1920s after being organized by Communist Party of South Africa. They aimed at expanding their rights through non-racial organizations (Walker, 1991). The participation of women in trade unions played a significant role towards development of women’s movement. In the trade unions, women managed to develop leadership qualities that enhanced them to articulate the linkages that coexisted between women’s tyranny and their gender subjugation. Position of women in African National Congress (ANC) in early 20 th Century Although women participated extensively in a range of political struggles such as opposition of passes, high rents and racialism, their position in ANC was insignificant. They lacked voting rights. Majority of them who were members of ANC were wives of members of branches; most positions of ANC were preserved for men. During that time, there existed a women’s organization by name ‘Women’s League’. The main role of this organization was not only to provide catering, but also to organize entertainment at meetings (Bell & Nkomo, 2003). In 1943, thirty one years after the formation of ANC, women were allowed to take part in voting as full members of the movement; they were considered essential in meeting the deliberation objectives of the movement. The high demand for labor to advance secondary industry in early 1940s enhanced women movement to urban centers. Their presence in urban centers led to emergence of resistance that spread through the townships. Their extensive participation in fueling resistance in urban centers contributed to the formation of ANC Women’s League (Hassim 2006). In her book, Hassim notes that the formation of ANC Women’s League was so significant. According to her: “ANC Women’s League played a significant role in representing the interests of the majority of the South African women” (Hassim, 2006: 23). Additionally, the league provided a platform for women to join national liberation movement just like men. Women’s Autonomy in 1950s In the 1950s, ANC Women’s League became part of the driving forces in South Africa. It worked in close connection with: Federation of South African Women, the nonracial women’s movement that operated within the Congress Alliance, the umbrella group formed by
Introduction ‘Se7en’ is a film steeped in dystopia. Director David Fincher portrays the fundamental features of dystopia brilliantly and shockingly, employing spectacular visuals to thrill its audience with a frightful tale. The plot, set in New York, revolves around a serial killer Jonathan Doe (Kevin Spacey) who commits brutal murders and defends them because he has made the world a better place by exposing its unawareness and unspoken toleration of the Seven Deadly Sins. In Doe’s words: “We see a deadly sin in every street corner, in every home, and we tolerate it because it’s common and trivial. We tolerate it morning, noon, and night. Well, not anymore. I’m setting the example.” Description of film The film begins with Detective David Mills (Brad Pitt) and his wife Tracy (Gwyneth Paltrow) moving to New York to start a new chapter in their lives. Mills starts work with veteran Detective Lt. William Somerset (Morgan Freeman). They are despatched to check out the killing of a morbidly obese man (Bob Mack) who was tied to a chair and force-fed spaghetti till his stomach exploded. The first of Seven Deadly Sins, GLUTTONY, is scribbled in grease on the rear of the refrigerator. Soon, other murders start cropping up. A famous lawyer Eli Gould (Gene Borkan) is killed in his office and GREED is scribbled in blood on the carpet. Regular sexual offender and drug dealer Victor (Michael R. Mackay) is found bound to his bed for a year, nearly dead due to atrophy. The word SLOTH is smeared in feces above his bed. The dead body of a prostitute (Cat Mueller) is found bound to a bed; her death was caused by forced brutal sex with a customer who, forced by Doe, used a sharp strap-on dildo on her. The word LUST is etched on the door. A professional model (Heidi Schanz) is found dead in her bed with her nose cut off, a container of sleeping pills in one hand, and a phone in the other; her death was the result of a drug overdose perpetrated by Doe. The word PRIDE is scrawled in lipstick on the headboard. The next part of the film is significantly more alarming due to the way it leads to the triumph of evil in the end. Although Mills and Somerset succeed in capturing the killer, it is Doe who emerges as the one in control. Doe taunts them that he ‘let’ himself be caught. Pointing out that only 5 of the Seven Deadly Sins have been exposed, Doe admits to having succumbed to ENVY at the happiness in Mills’ married life by murdering Tracy and cutting off her head as a souvenir (which he presents in a box). Doe seals Mills’ destiny as a victim of WRATH, as the detective, maddened with rage and sorrow on seeing his dead wife’s head, fires at Doe and kills him. What makes the film stand apart from other serial killer films is Finch’s ability to titillate his audience and their emotions so well that they become emotionally enthralled in the movie. The film’s title sequence has been highly praised for the quick editing, artistic use of symbols, and astute foreshadowing. The cinematography is dark but lovely; it is either raining or night in most of the scenes. The conc
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to provide a critique of a quantitative research paper dedicated to reducing hospital-acquired infection in hospital patients. One of the ways to fight hospital-acquired infections in patients is through handwashing. The reviewed article is titled “Patients’ Hand Washing and Reducing Hospital-Acquired Infection,” written by Haverstick et al. (2017) and published in June’s issue of Critical Care Nurse, which is a peer-reviewed journal. The study sought to understand if there is a correlation between increased access to hand hygiene and patient education with the rate of infection and transmissions of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) (Haverstick et al., 2017). The bio-organisms of interests included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, as well as Clostridium difficile, which are some of the most frequent causes of HAI (Haverstick et al., 2017). The article does not feature a dedicated literature review section, instead focusing on the components of experiment and its results. The data pulled from other literature sources was used generally to set up th
Craen, A., Kaptchuk, T., Tijssen, J. & Kleijnen, J. (1999). Placebos and placebo effects in medicine: Historical overview. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine . 92: 511-515. Web. This article traces the use of placebo from its historical context. It goes in detail to trace how the practice was done during the Second World War. The article traces the introduction of placebo in clinical research in the fifties. It examines how this practice had started as a small treatment and enlarged into a complex reliable treatment. The article winds up by addressing the issue in the contemporary clinical trials. The writers hence conclude by arguing that due to the consistent need for quality in health care, it is important that the optimum point of efficacy is noted so the most favorable diseases can be used while those that do not respond can be subjected to alternative medicines. This article brings into question the need for alternative medicine to fill up the gap for medical conditions that do not respond to placebo. Cucherat, M., Haugh, C., Gooch, M. and Boissel, P. (2000). Evidence of clinical efficacy of homeopathy. A meta analysis of clinical trials. HMRAG. Homeopathic Medical Research Advisory Group. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology . 56(1): 27-33. Web. Considering that the use of alternative medication was on the increase since 1990, it is important to determine whether they are efficient or not. As a result, these writers from the Hospitals of Lyon and the University of Claude Bernard in France decided to carry out this study. They employed the use of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to determine whether the clinical trials of homeopathic trials were successful or not. To facilitate this, they did a randomized sampling from records and did a comparative analysis of homeopathic treatment and placebo. Their study could be reliable because of the large number of sample. The study involved 17 samples from 2,617 reports. Although subject to questioning due to the low methodological quality, it was found that homeopathy was more efficient as compared to placebo. On its part, the issue of unreliability is introduced in the question of alternative medicine. While results and the conclusion point out that homeopathy is better, the methodological quality leaves this issue unascertained. Eisenberg, D., Davis, R., Ettner, S., Appel, S., Wilkey, S., Rompay, M. & Kessler, R. (1998). Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990 – 1997. Journal of the American Medical Association. 280: 1569-1575. Web. This was a research carried out by prominent personalities in the field of academia, specifically in the realms of medicine. The main objective of the research was to find out the trend assumed by the use of alternative medicines by the Americans since the year 1990 to 1997. The research methodology and findings are reliable considering the sampling which was characterized by randomly chosen people from all over the country. The research was carried out through telephone interviews. The resear
Project description This project’s goal is to create a platform for the display of various designs and fashion trends. We intend to bring together various designers for a fashion show that will increase their products popularity. We also intend to promote young and skilled designers by giving them a platform to display their product. The project is being undertaken due to the increasing demand for creative arts display functions. SMART objectives To enhance the probability of success, this project will be divided into eight subsections to help in delegation of responsibilities. In any project, the quality of work depends on team work and creating a team to work on this project will be the first activity (Berkun, 2005). The following teams will be involved in this project, sales and marketing, sponsors, invitation, venue, decoration, entertainment, catering and management. The sales and marketing team will be responsible for the logistics and financial aspects of the projects. The sponsor team will be looking for people or organization to fund the project or to sponsor in kind while the invitation teams will be managing the invitation slots. Decoration entertainment teams will be responsible for the decoration of the venue and entertaining guest respectively. On the other hand, the catering team will be dealing with foods and drinks while the work force management team will be supervising the teams to ensure everyone plays his/her roles effectively. Shareholders This is a fashion show and its success or failure can be contributed by different parties. First in the list of shareholders are the organizers or the project team members. Team members will play a significant role in making this project a success (Rogers, 2006). Apart from the team members, the other shareholders are the designers and owners of the products to be displayed. Their cooperation is vital for the success of this project because they are the ones providing the products. Sponsors on the other hand will play a great role by providing resources that will influence the success of this project. This includes financial support as well as advertising resources to popularize the event. Lastly, the targeted market must also show up for the event to be successful. For it to be a fashion show, we need to have a sizable audience. Major milestones In every project, there must be pointers that will help the project manger to monitor its progress (Davis, 2010). In this project, we will be seeking to achieve some of the preparations in advance. For instances, the participants will have to confirm their attendance a week before the event. We need to set the
Mahatma Gandhi was one of the key figures in India’s struggle for independence from the British rulers in the twentieth century. He preached and practiced Non-Violence and believed that it is the only way to achieve independence most harmoniously. Satyagraga is a philosophy and practice of non-violent resistance that was developed by Gandhi. This was the technique that Gandhi deployed while fighting for Indian independence as well as in the fights against indifference in South Africa. Civil disobedience is defined as the boycott or refusal to obey certain laws formulated by the government or superior authorities. According to Gandhi, civil disobedience or passive resistance is a universal truth of achieving the goals through non-violent resistance. Gandhi led several satyagraga campaigns during the fight for independence. According to him non-violent campaigns is a scientific truth as the force of love is the same as the force of the soul or truth. Civil disobedience supports the idea that unfair or unjust laws must be broken to achieve justice (Walsh and Asch, p. 130-150). Principles of Civil Disobedience The first principle says that it is essential to maintain respect for the rule of law even while disobeying the specific law that is perceived as unjust. Non-violent activists do not seek to challenge the rule of law, but promotes people to revoke unjust laws. The second principle of civil disobedience says that it is important to plead guilty to any violation of the law. Gandhi explains this statement in his word “ I am here to… submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen .” The third principle of civil disobedience says that it is important to attempt to change one’s opponent by signifying the justice of the cause. Gandhi says that if these three principles of civil disobedience are followed, it creates a win-win situation rather than a win-lose situation. In this way, it will be possible to gain the friendship and understanding of the opponent (Gier). Gandhi says that if people take the path of violence to achieve their goals in life, then the entire population would disappear within no time. He was a leader who practiced what he preached. When Gandhi was imprisoned in 1922, 1930, 1933, and 1942, he went on hunger strike, and when the British rulers found that Gandhi’s hunger strike was gaining popularity all over the world, and due to great embarrassment they had to release him from the prison. Therefore, Gandhi proved that the non-violence movements create more fear among the rulers and put more pressure on them when compared to the violent movements. It is a well-known fact that most of the history books only mention the wars and the violent acts of kings and emperors. The non-violence movements do not take the place in history as they are not considered significant by histori