ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Utilization of War in American Literature The proponent of the study examined three important works of American literature. These are listed as follows: 1) James Fenimore Cooper’s The Last of the Mohicans ; 2) F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby ; and 3) Udiah’s The Declaration of Independence . Careful scrutiny of these three masterworks revealed a perspective on how the authors integrated the concept of war into their creative process. War was the setting in Cooper and Fitzgerald’s novel. On the other hand, war symbolized Udiah’s struggle for freedom. Cooper’s Work War was the backdrop for James Fenimore Cooper’s The Last of the Mohicans . As a result, the French Indian War of 1757 enhanced the meaning of the text. In this novel, France and England fought for control of the New World (Cooper 15). The conflict compelled some Native Americans to assist British forces. On the other hand, other Native Americans to help French forces. The war was not the main issue discussed in the novel because Cooper focused the spotlight on a group of vanishing people. The core message of the story was revealed at the end of the novel, and it had nothing to do with the conflict between Great Britain and France. The French Indian War was used as part of the setting. It made a lot of sense to use warfare and integrate it into the backdrop of the story because it enabled the author to bring different elements into the narrative. The author was able to incorporate different characters into the story. Without the forces that came as a result of warfare, there was no mechanism to develop other components of the story. One of the significant aspects of the novel was the physical attraction between Uncas and Cora Munro. Uncas was a remnant of the Mohican tribe, and he fell in love with the daughter of a colonel in the British army. A different layer of tension and conflict was added to the plot because interracial marriage was considered taboo during that time period. At the same time, the serendipitous encounter between the hero and the damsel in distress was made possible because of the elements in the setting. Cooper expertly utilized the typical features of warfare to highlight the struggle of a vanishing people. Without these elements, the commentator will fail to describe the stark realities in the struggle for survival. It has to be made clear that even during ordinary times, the Mohican tribe suffered from extraordinary stress because they were in a desperate battle against nature and the laws of economics. These people never mastered or never acquired the prerequisite knowledge needed to understand animal husbandry or crop science. They exhibited lifestyles akin to nomadic tribes. They preferred to hunt and trap animals. Their livelihood was based on the barter system, and they traded animal skins for valuab
Research Stress is a non-specific body reaction that occurs under the action of various extreme factors that threaten the violation of homeostasis and is characterized by stereotypical changes in the function of the nervous and endocrine systems. With acute stress exposure, the central nervous system is activated, which triggers a stress reaction. It activates various levels of the endocrine system, and the hormones produced affect the immune cells through the receptors located on them (Saladin, 2020). The biological meaning of these phenomena at the early stages of the development of a stress reaction is aimed at maintaining the functions of vital organs and systems. This increases the availability of energy resources, regulating regional blood flow, activating enzymes of cellular metabolism, and other factors of biological adaptation. Additionally, stress is characterized by activation of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic innervation is the result of excitation of the posterior hypothalamus, and parasympathetic innervation is the result of the anterior hypothalamus. Sympathetic influences provide an increase in blood pressure, cardiac output, level of free fatty acids, and the level of triglycerides in plasma. Also, a decrease in blood flow in the kidneys and the lumen of arterioles in the skin. The task of the sympathetic department is to help the body survive at a critical moment, to give it as many resources as it needs to fight or escape (Saladin, 2020). Consequently, the goal of the sympathetic department is to restore and preserve the resources of the autonomic nervous system, and its activation occurs during sleep, food, and rest. Critical Thinking In my opinion, sometimes social life puts people in certain situations where it is necessary to prove social independence, material well-being, physical well-being, or the level of intelligence. This is usually found when students take exams and when a surgeon master a new operation. One of the best techniques to remember the information received is a technique based on associations. It is necessary to think and remember what symptoms and consequences stress can lead to, and thus try to refrain from any worries. This topic is significant for everyone because stress is an integral part of the life of any modern person. If a person begins to better understand the body and the processes that occur in it, one will be able to save his health from harmful effects and prolong his life. Reference Saladin, K
Did the import substitution strategy work in Brazil? Brazil adopted the import substitution strategy after years of trying to develop Brazil and change its economy from that of a developing world to that of a developed country. Alfaro (2002) explains that one of the reasons why Brazil changed strategies was the impact of the Great Depression of 1930. The Great Depression left the nation’s economy on its knees, as it depended wholly on the export of coffee. Many countries stopped importing coffee during the depression. This left Brazil with a lot of coffee, a product that could not do well in the country. It suffices to mention that the import substitution strategy adopted after the Great Depression allowed the government to invest in its economy. This attracted thousands of foreign investors. The government reduced tariffs because it invested so much in its economy that making an investment in Brazil was one of the best decisions any investor would make. However, the import substitution strategy started to show its flaws after forty years of success. Brazil faced another major economic threat in the early 1980s (Alfaro, 2002). The inflation rate in the country went up, and the newly developed industrial sector was hard hit. Many investors got wet feet and pulled out because the economy was still young, and the industrial sector was still expanding. The pulling out of the investors put the government in a peculiar position, as it had to take up debts to stabilize the economy. During this period, Brazil recorded the highest debt any developing country has ever had. Apart from this, the country had to devalue its currency, as the figure below shows. Figure 1: The trend in the Brazilian real against the US Dollar. Taking all this into consideration, it is arguable that the import substitute strategy did not work in Brazil. In fact, it made matters worse; the plan covered the problems that the economy had, but the country was left with a stagnant economy and heavy debts when it could not hide anymore. Can Brazil escape from its problem by strengthening the regional integration initiative called Mercosur? Mercosur was the regional integration initiative that included Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil. After numerous failed attempts to grow, Brazil targeted the three other countries and formed trade relationships with them (Alfaro, 2002). Additionally, the relationship helped all the countries involved in their trading powers. Trading as a bloc enabled the four countries to make new relationships with other countries. However, Brazil still
According to Russo and Watkins, Digital Cultural Communication (DCC) is a novel field that aspires to create a link between the community and cultural institutions by using new media to generate audience-based cultural interactive experience (2005, p.2). By placing the growth of cultural communities within the DCC framework, the institution takes on a more symbolic curatorial practice and gains via the formation of new community-based content that form new digital set. The community gains through superior production and consumption (Russo & Watkins, 2004, p.573). The community is thus able to use its information literacy abilities to create and consume its own unique cultural content that can be in presented in different forms (e.g. blogs, wikis, narratives and other forms) to the audience. Thus, the institution is no longer the only keeper of cultural experiences; instead, it offers co-creative system for the community and relays creative cultural content to the audience through numerous media such as broadcast, physical and internet (Russo & Watkins, 2005, p.4). This paper will thus discuss the social and cultural impact of new media in the performing industry. Digital Cultural Communication emerged following the evolution of the Virtual Heritage in 1995. The transformations in cultural tourism and entertainment continue to influence the cultural sector. The unlimited access to cyberspace; broadcast media; video and interactive games; virtual reality technologies; the web; and mobile technologies have contributed immensely to the consumption of cultural media. As the proliferation of these new media technologies continue, site-specific experiences that are similar to museums, such as theme parks and interpretive centers, create challenges to the manner in which the viewers in the museum perceive their experience. The new media uses technology in a theoretical manner to attract viewers into their knowledge base (Russo & Watkins, 2005, p.4). According to Russo and Watkins (2005), viewers receive more information in arbitrated, figurative forms while small amount of information is received through bodily or sensory experience. The link between cognition and visual experience thus turns out to be decisive in understanding the electronically and technologically arbitrated culture (p.5). One of the challenges for the modern cultural institution is to make sure that cult
Interpretation of the Findings Regressions analysis focuses on the use of models to analyze whether one or more independent variables will affect the dependent variable. Typically, regressions analysis focuses on determining whether typical quantitative data of the dependent variable will change in response to the independent variables or factors. Multiple regressions analysis is undertaken to predict or forecast future events based on manipulating and observing one or more independent variables. The estimated benchmark is normally the work of the independent variable classified as the regressions function. In addition, multiple regressions analysis determines if the one or more of the independent variables can be used to predict the outcome of the independent variable. In layman’s terms, regressions analysis entails determining whether there is a correlation between the independent variable and the dependent variable (Anderson, 2009). The research qualifies a multiple regressions model. The data focuses on 20 countries burdened with general government net borrowing or net lending. The research includes one dependent variable, general government net borrowing or net lending based on data gathered from 20 countries. Theory states that the multiple regressions model includes two or more dependent variables. The research uses five independent variables. One of the independent variables is the long term interest rates account. Another independent variable is the inflation rate account. The third independent variable is the GDP, annual growth rate account. The fourth independent variable is the economy market regulation account. Last, another independent variable is the reserve assets account (Anderson, 2009). Table 1 Regression Statistics                   Multiple R                  0.823360575 R Square                    0.677922636 Adjusted R Square           0.590083355 Standard Error of estimate  23.69846053 Observations                29           Regression Statistics Applying the significant model approach, the above table indicates that the model includes 67.79 percent of the variance in determining the effect of the independent variables on the sole dependent variable, general government net borrowing or net lending.The adjusted R square can also be used to show that the 59 percent of the variance in determining the dependent variable. In addition, the analysis of variance table clearly shows that the F value is 7.717761675 with a significance of 0.000150063. Likewise, it is impor
Introduction The race is a perennial subject of controversy in the United States. With the advent of technology amidst education, the Race is still racing for its abolition but is still prevalent with the few who are harnessing the thoughts of keeping the concept of racism afresh. The race is much talked about, though, and discussed more to keep alive the thoughts of discrimination and pain along with it. Race as a word has nothing to do with the minority. In this God’s country where great scientific innovations are taking place, Race is a minuscule perception of few exploding out of proportion to keep imbalance in Society. Analysis Role of choice and/or lack of choice due to any prejudice and discrimination in the persistence of racism. Racism is actually a disease spread like a wildfire to all parts of the world since the human Race started evolving. With the advent of civilization, complexities increased, and “plural” racial order was a mimic for Latin Americans regarding racial stratification, for, e.g., the existence of multiple racial strata (Page xvii). With this, the gap between the differences with respect to each individual increased, leading to complexes among themselves. Color became the utmost factor, among other things, for choosing the identification of human beings. The persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States is so important for understanding the new form that racism has taken, “colorblind racism,” as Eduardo Bonilla-Silva puts it. The persistence of racism is evident with whites claiming not to be racist, wherein clarification is not at all needed. Whites cracking racist jokes, not accepting a mixture of races in some universities like dating, sharing of accommodation, etc. (still prevalent even today) shows how it has penetrated into human minds. Racism is prevalent much because of the lack of created choices in perishing it. It is being reminded in the job sector, accommodation, attitude which instigates and allows racism to cherish. It is few who are trying to pose the threats bringing to mankind for living. But, unfortunately, colorblind racism is percolated, leading to segregating people to do lower runk jobs just for the heck of it where the dignity of labor is supposed to be practiced. Hence the choices are bleak for conquering racism which is not intended to be done. The author has tried to throw light on the issues related to the white-based world. Racial is an ideology that is challenging to reduce inequality in the United States. Evaluation Dr. Bonilla-Silva has taken pains to get the data for this from a survey of 627 college students and 400 adults from the Detroit area. It has produced great insigh
Introduction Organisational behaviour is an accepted code of conduct adopted in an organisation; it determines relationships among stakeholders and the business (Marks 1). Leaders work-hard to develop a positive organisational behaviour; positive organisational behaviours results in improved business processes and better customer relations. With globalisation and increase in people’s awareness of their rights, there have been calls to conduct business ethically. Pablo, in the “ Journal of Business Ethics applauds ethical behaviours within an organisation; he says defines ethics as a means of conducting business processes in socially, economically, politically and environmentally friendly manner. Ethical behaviour aims at developing good relations between business and its environs. It involves businesses aligning its internal and external operations/process to meet expectation of the society as it fulfils its objectives and goals. Business ethics is concerned with integrity, honesty and truthfulness in business operations (Pablo 17). This paper looks into how business ethics influences an organisational behaviour. Role of ethics in business According to Kam, Hung-Gay and Jot, in an article published in the journal “ Journal of Business Ethics”, increase in demands by customers and the society in general to have responsible business behaviour has lead to business management to recognise the need to have a well developed framework which ensures they develop ethical codes to foster responsible behaviour in their employees. With this in mind, business must aim at developing products that give rise to general good of a large population. They should check their processes for acceptability. Managers should recognise that customers have rights to high quality goods at an appropriate price and produce
Introduction Japanese-American internment refers to the repositioning and confinement by the United States administration of about 110,000 Japanese Americans and Japanese to base camps popularly referred to as War Relocation Camps. This took place in 1942 following Imperial Japan’s assault on Pearl Harbor. Those detained were drawn from the Pacific seaside of the United States. The incarceration of Japanese Americans was carried out lopsidedly right through the United States. Japanese Americans who resided on the west shoreline on the United States were each incarcerated (World War Two – Japanese internment camps in the US). On the other hand, in Hawaii which held over 150,000 Japanese Americans, who accounted for a third of the region’s populace, between 1,200 and 1,800 Japanese Americans were incarcerated. 62 percent of the persons interned consisted of American nationals. President Franklin Roosevelt consented to the incarceration with Executive Order 9066 that he gave on February 19, 1942. The order consented to home armed forces commanding officers to allocate military regions as segregation areas from which any or the entire people may be barred. This order was used to announce that all persons of Japanese origin were barred from the whole Pacific coast, as well as the entire California and for the most part of Oregon and Washington, with the exception of the individuals in incarceration base camps. Later on in 1944, the Supreme Court supported the consistency with the law of the incarceration orders, at the same time as maintaining that the orders that discriminated persons of Japanese origin were a separate matter not in the range of the procedures. The United States Census Bureau lent a hand to the incarceration efforts through offering top secret region information on Japanese Americans. The body’s partaking was refuted for decade but was at last confirmed in 2007. During this period Nazi Germany as well upheld concentration camps all over the regions it was in charge of. The initial Nazi concentration camps were to a great extent spread out in Germany following the Reichstag fire in 1933. These camps were going to detain political detainees and challengers of the administration. The amount of camps went up fourfold in the period from 1939 to 1942 (Clay, 122). This was due the increasing number of detainees who composed of Jews, Bohemians, political detainees, crooks, homophiles, the psychologically ill and others were detained, by and large minus trial or court process. Japanese-American Internment Camps Around 110,000 and 120,000 persons of Japanese origin were subject to this mass incarceration course. The other one third were not citizens as they had been refuted the chance to achieve citizenship by regulations that barred Asian-descent nationals from ever attaining citizenship. The detainees in these camps were put up in tar paper-enveloped quarters of plain structure erection minus plumbing or cookery provisions of any form (World War Two – Japanese internment camps in the US). These provisions were at par w
Even though some may believe that racism and discrimination are phenomena that belong in the history books, the contemporary discussion around them is as dynamic as ever. The present paper reviews two major works that deal with the issue of racism to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments presented. Both readings view the phenomena of racism and white privilege in the context of other related events and occurrences. Thus, Glassner’s book “The Culture of Fear” provides a general overview of societal fears incited by the media’s framing and reporting of different events. Particularly, Chapter 5 of his book focuses on how the media portrays black men as perpetrators of violence while ignoring the fact that they are, in fact, more often the victims of crime (Glassner 109). The author relies on anecdotal, empirical, and statistical evidence to support his claims. Thus, for instance, he examines the surging crime rates in Miami in the 1990s which were largely perceived as a threat to tourists. Visitors, in fact, were more likely to become victimized at home while young local blacks and Hispanics were the typical victims of crime in the city (Glassner 110). McIntosh’s work, on the other hand, was largely inspired by her experience as a female researcher who studied the phenomenon of male privilege. She has become aware that allocation of power in the United States society is based not only on gender but also on race. Consequently, she argues that the contemporary society should shift its focus from direct and outright discrimination as individual acts of racism are becoming increasingly rare (McIntosh 36). As a result, she addresses the other form of racism which is more subtle and virtually invisible but is nevertheless omnipresent and systemic. She goes as far as to describe fifty mundane scenarios that demonstrate how white privilege manifests itself on an everyday basis (McIntosh 32-35). While both of these works are foundational for understanding the current state of affairs in terms of racial equality or lack thereof, they nevertheless have certain important drawbacks and limitations. Glassner provides a solid and thorough examination of the way the media fails to cover the stories that involve black men as crime victims. However, the main flaw of Glassner’s argument is his assumption that the media shapes rather than reflects public opinion and attitudes. Certainly, it is a two-way street, but the fact that the media does not tell black narratives stems from the larger public’s indifference toward them. Moreover, Glassner’s analysis is largely normative, but it offers little to no practical and actionable solutions and policy implications. McIntosh successfully app