ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Education is vital to all individuals, both children and adults. Mature people benefit from education in terms of job opportunities, job security, critical thinking skills and wisdom among others. Education provides intangible advantage to people living in a society. In schools, people interact with different people from different cultural backgrounds. In today’s modern world, it is necessary to understand other people’s culture. The reason behind this is that many stereotypes and prejudices occur as a result of failing to understand other people’s culture. Lack of this understanding makes individuals not to understand other peoples’ behavior at individual, national, and global levels. Individuals are also able to understand and appreciate artwork, music, painting, all of which include society’s culture. This is, however, possible only if a student enrolls for a course in school or college. Once we appreciate culture, it becomes possible to appreciate each other, hence understanding each other within the society (Dewey, 2000, p. 77). Students will also acquire a sense of service through education whereby they will be willing to serve other people in the community. Sense of service is noteworthy because individuals get the capability of working and helping others. The world would be a disaster if people did not serve others since everyone would be working for himself or herself; hence no proper interaction. Participating in various activities while in schools helps a lot. This participation also makes an individual understand their culture. With this knowledge, students can contribute positively to the society. Students leave school when they are already cultured. Such students can also work effectively and efficiently community agencies and non- governmental organizations to help the less fortunate individuals in the society. These same students participate in activities of civil societies. Education also helps indiv
The Second Wave of Feminism dates back to the beginning of the 1960s and stretches out to the 1980s. Feminist activists managed to accomplish many notable achievements throughout this period. Among these was the establishment of the first department of Women’s Studies and respective programs at Cornell and the University of San Diego, the recognition of lesbian rights, the development of feminist art, a significant number of court cases concerning the issues of gender equality and discrimination, and the legalization of first-trimester abortion, to name a few. This paper focuses on a movement that occurred within the Second Wave of Feminism, at the end of the 1960s. To be more precise, the particular movement that is explored in this paper is the 1968 protest of the Miss America Pageant. This movement can be viewed as consisting of two different events that happened within the same location and time frame and were directed at two different issues—a protest against beauty contests as competitions that degrade women, and a protest against the exclusion of African-American women from beauty contests (Craig n. p.). Core Claims, Goals, and Target The Miss America Pageant protest took place on September 7, 1968, in Atlantic City (Green 270). The participants gathered to stand against the image of women that the pageant promoted as well as the set of values and views it stood for. In particular, the activists protested against the public evaluation of women based on their looks, by a predominantly male jury, as an action degrading the value of women and their contribution to society. The main target of the protesters was the Miss America Pageant that was held that day. The core claim of the activists was that the beauty contest served as one of the key phenomena determining the national view of what an “ideal woman” should be and look like. This event became an annual tradition and grew to produce a powerful impact as its audience became larger and larger every year. The values promoted by the pageant conflicted with those the feminist activists were trying to popularize. In particular, career-building opportunities for women and equal employment rights clashed with the views of a woman as primarily a housewife and a mother. The feminists’ attempts to communicate the value of women as intellectuals and professionals were faced with the bold objectification and focus on external beauty that the contest proclaimed. The goal of the protesters was to draw public attention to the event to provoke critical thinking in the masses about the kind of ideas the pageant stood for and how much harm they could produce for women, as a population group working hard to win more respect, fit into new roles, defeat stereotypes, and adopt unconventional lifestyles. In other words, the Miss America Pageant was a very clear and symbolic representation of traditional gender roles: of women doing their best to please men and fit into male perceptions of “ideal females,” and men acting as judges of women’s capabilities and value-based mostly on the women’s appeara
Introduction Language is an important tool of communication because it allows people to understand the meaning, urgency and context of messages. George Orwell believes that political and economic issues transform the nature of the English language; moreover, this perception is supported by various media excerpts that portray how capitalism changes communication. George Orwell’s Analysis The author argues that language has been abused by poor habits of conceiving the truth. It has been misused to advance individual’s interests and thus abuse the rights of the majority in the society. Secondly, he blames modernity as the chief cause of the collapse of this language and believes that it must suffer the dangers of these changes (Orwell 1). Orwell admits that language grows depending on how the society changes and thus it cannot be shaped for an individual’s interest. He believes that the decline of the English language is caused by political and economic issues and not the influence of writers. The author believes that when people’s thoughts are corrupt this will affect how they use language (Orwell 1). However, he is optimistic that this language can be improved if people decide to avoid bad habits like imitating other people’s communication. He recommends that political regeneration will help people to think clearly and get rid of bad communication habits (Orwell 1). This ensures the fight against bad English is not left to professional writers. Orwell claims that political speeches are aimed at defending issues that are evident and cannot be covered. Therefore, politicians use language to manipulate their followers and create bad impressions of their opponents. They misuse vocabularies to describe the weaknesses of their opponents. He believes that politics has affected communication by trying to be verbose, so that it can hide injustices using vague vocabularies and phrases. He uses political events like the Japan bomb attacks, Russian purges and deportations, and British rule in India to explain how euphemistic, vagueness and rhetoric questions are used to cover the activities of dictatorial regimes (Orwell 1). Lastly, he argues that insincerity is the greatest enemy of the English language because people use exhausted idioms and long words to cover the gap between their real and declared interests in various issues. Politicians have used language to mislead their followers. This has led to abuse of language because vocabularies are used out of their contexts (Orwell 1). He notes that the sloppy use of language becomes a habit when there is poor political environment and this affects language. Dictatorship has transformed the Italian, German and Russian languages to meet the needs of political rulers. Therefore, this has spread bad thoughts among populations and manipulated their actions. He recommends that people should simplify their English to free themselves from follies of orthodoxy. Comparisons with Contemporary Media Excerpts The media excerpts support Orwell’s arguments and use different speech extracts to sustain their claim
Globalization and the state Terrorism showed its malevolent face to the world after the 9/ 11 attacks in the US, which left thousands dead and millions more traumatized. While terrorism acts have been around for decades, the acts of terror in the past few years, where high-profile cities were targeted, have made the world realize the brutality of these acts. Almost all the developed and developing countries in Asia, Europe, North, and America have witnessed rising incidents of terror acts. To combat these acts, governments and businesses across the globe have increased security to protect their citizens and assets. It has been estimated that states across the world spend more than 1900 billion USD directly on security and in the fight against terror and that this figure does not include the amount that the nations spend on their army, airplanes, and defense. The essay discusses the topic of global terror and attempts to answer the question “Has the escalation of global terrorism caused an increase in state security measures?” An extensive literature review and analysis have been performed to discuss the question. The term global terror is discussed briefly and statistics and various types are examined since their understanding is important in answering the research question. Global Terrorism Terrorism acts as defined as “Terrorism—violence directed against citizens and not combat soldiers, to influence public opinion and thus affect government policy. It is both political and personal and changes the perceptions of risk, trust, and allegiance in ways that have an impact on how people vote and how they interact with others in their daily lives. The results of terror acts in addition to the loss of lives and property are mass hysteria and paranoia where people of certain ethnic origins are viewed with suspicion, increased costs of counter-terrorism efforts and security, and increasing dissatisfaction among people. Terrorists are not only targeting heads of state but also the general public who make soft targets. Frequently, public places such as crowded trains, busy market places, and others are targeted and the emphasis is on killing the maximum people, inflicting the maximum casualties and damage, and creating a fear psychosis among the public, prompting the government and the military to step in (USIP, October 2003). Humanity borders on a sense of paranoia and people realize that they are not safe anymore, not even in a government establi
The masterpiece movie, The Twilight of the Golds highlights pertinent issues that affect families across the world. However, different people respond disparately to these issues depending on one’s characters. In this movie, Suzanne Gold Stein is in her early mid 30s and she suffers from cognitive dissonance. David Gold is the brother to Suzanne, is in his early 30s and he uses rationalization as his defense mechanism. On the other side, Rob Stein uses repression as his defense mechanism. Suzanne Gold Stein As aforementioned, Suzanne suffers from cognitive dissonance. This mental condition underscores a situation where an individual is in deep mental stress and tension especially due to conflict of ideas. In other words, it is “psychological conflict resulting from incongruous beliefs and attitudes held simultaneously” (Milton, Polmear, and Fabricius 67). In this situation, an individual does not know which beliefs to cherish and the ones to discard. Suzanne is caught in such a situation when she realizes she might be carrying a gay child in her womb. From the beginning, Suzanne is clearly troubled. First, she keeps her pregnancy as a secret for over three months without even informing her husband. Only a troubled person would do that. When she realizes that she might be expecting a gay child, her beliefs are divided and she does not know what to do. On one side, she cannot imagine raising a gay child. Already she has had enough troubles with her gay brother, David, who has not been fully accepted in the family. At first, she wonders whether nurture can overcome nature, but her doctor husband assures her that such a thing cannot happen. This assertion throws her beliefs into deeper conflict. The only option left is to abort the baby, but her religious beliefs hold that such an action amounts to murder. This scenario perfectly captures the definition of cognitive dissonance. In addition, David, the gay brother, insists that his sister, Suzanne, must not abort. This confusion leaves Suzanne in a psychological discomfort as she battles it out to decide which beliefs to follow.
Toni Morrison’s various books have frequently made use of magic, African-American spiritual beliefs and religious values to construct and convey a strong narrative element. “The Song of Solomon” works on an absolute assumption that all magic experienced by the book’s characters is real. Therefore, African spiritual elements are recurrently used as metaphors for each and every episode that takes place in their lives. So, we have women who can be born without a navel like Virgin Mary, grown men who can fly around the town like the experienced aviator Charles Lindhberg, murdered babies returning from the dead fully grown into adults and conjurers practicing various forms of African pagan spiritualism including Voodoo (Beaulieu, 2003, p.89). To the untrained reader, the first layer of the narrative would appear downright illogical due to its extensive interweaving with the world of magic and ghosts. However, as one starts looking past these mysterious elements, it becomes a fascinating exercise to observe the several subtle, hidden layers in the plot which traverse an entire gamut of emotions ranging from mirth to sorrow. An example, “The men and the dogs were talking to each other. In distinctive voices they were saying distinctive, complicated things.” (Morrison, 1987, p. 277) The sense of anthropomorphism in the above sentence is basically an abstract literary device which attempts to convey the principle of vital existence as a basic element of human well-being. Several sentences like this have been sprinkled throughout the plot to convey the entire range of inner emotions that the characters are going through at any moment. In that sense, Morrison’s dependence on surreal elements of magic to convey various plot elements can be equat
Introduction Ergonomics is the art and science of fitting work to suit the needs of the individuals who work in them. This is essential as it ensures that the working environment is set in such a way to ensure that employees are exposed to minimal elements of stress and strain that may arise while they are conducting their duties and obligations. This ensures that workers are not susceptible to ergonomic disorders such as trigger finder, tendonitis, and carpel tunnel syndrome. To ensure that all these disorders are avoided, ergonomics focuses on ensuring that employees have a conducive working environment. As such, ergonomics focuses on the design of the work environment, working stations, illumination, site safety and the presence and status of tools and equipments. Ergonomic hazards affect the musculoskeletal system of an individual. This arises as a result of an individual engaging in forceful and repetitive movements, poor working postures, poor design of working station and the improper use of tools and equipments. It is thus due to this fact that it is essential for an organization to develop and enforce and ergonomic plan that reduces these risk hazards. Work Site Analysis Once engaged with the task of developing an ergonomic plan, the first thing that a Safety Personnel should conduct is work site analysis. This is an essential step as it reveals to the personnel the hazards that are currently present in ever workstation, the operations that lead to the development of these hazards and potential sites where ergonomic hazards are likely to develop. In addition, the Safety Personnel is supposed to conduct a background check on injuries and injury related illnesses that have occurred within the firm to identify the trends and frequencies of occurrence of injuries. The aim of conducting a background check with regards to injury frequencies is to determine whether there is a cumulative development of trauma disorders as a result of Ergonomic hazards. To ensure that confidentiality of the workers health records is maintained, it is essential for the Safety Personnel to conduct this process with the assistance of health workers. Consequently, this background check is conducted in order to determine the trends of trauma that arise within department, occupations and work stations. For this process to be effective and efficient, a systematic approach should be followed. In this view, the Safety Personnel shall be able to identify the workstations that require a quantitative research to be conducted in order to determine the frequency, effects and outcome of ergonomic hazards on employees. Thus, to achieve all this, the Safety Personnel shall have to consider the following:  1. Development of a checklist that contains factors such as components, posture, vibration and extreme weather conditions  2. Identification of operations that expose workers at high chances of succumbing to ergonomic hazards  3. Identification of low risk activities that may pose danger to employees  4. Determination of
I take motivational interviewing to be a collective person-centered remedial practice that seeks to reinforce an individual’s motivation and commitment to change through evoking personal inclinations to reforms in an empathetic and lenient way. It may be practiced alone or together with other modes of therapy with the aim of boosting an individual’s dedication to the required change. In this aspect, motivational interviewing acts as a counseling approach that assists a person in determining ambivalent sentiments and insecurities to gain the internal drive needed to alter their conduct (Miller & Rose, 2015). Success is realized by its being a practical endeavor that is carried out by sympathetic and devoted professionals who consider the difficulty of making changes in life. Motivational interviewing is usually practiced to tackle addiction such as substance abuse and manage physical conditions, for example, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes . Studies have established that motivational interviewing works excellently with people who begin unmotivated or not ready for the change. I believe that motivational interviewing is suitable for individuals who are unhappy or hostile. Such people may not be ready to endure change, but motivational interviewing assists them to proceed through the emotional phases of transformation to become motivated (Miller & Rose, 2015). In a supportive way, a motivational interviewer ought to persuade a client to speak concerning the necessity for change and their personal reasons for seeking reforms. The most important task of the interviewer is evoking a conversation concerning the change in a manner that makes the client open up. It is crucial to engage the client by seeking their ideas on the best approach to initiating the required change. Reference Miller, W. R., & Rose, G. S. (2015). Motivational interviewing and decisional balance: Contrasting responses to client ambivalence. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy , 43 (2), 129-141.
Classical music Edvard’s instrumental and classical song is incidental music. This type of music has been explored in the drama scene for so many years. It was one of the best music that Edvard had ever composed. This composition has been mostly used in commercials, films, and television. The classical theme by Edvard’s is basically flute oriented. It introduces the morning in a sensual piece that can swell the emotion of an audience. In drama scenes, the classical instrumentation gives a harmonious tune that can be used by actors. There are provisions of time intervals that can be manipulated by the actors during a presentation. These intervals can be used in periods of changing outfits, settings, or in alternating characters of a particular drama. The emotions exhibited in the music go well with advertisements and commercials. This music shows a manifestation of the winter or spring season. A presentation of this music in a hot environment brings a sensation of cool breezy weather. This is very interesting because it trickles people’s emotions. Balance in frequency Frequency is a sensational attribute, it can vary, and hence, it is associated with musical melodies. Greig’s song exhibits no balance in the frequency throughout the music. There is a form of wavy movement of very high, medium, and low tones. There are points that the song exhibits a balanced frequency, the points are as follows; 0.30-0.38, 1.19-1.21, 2.00-2.08, 2.21-2.23, 2.30-3.00, and 3.30-3.50 minutes. Balance in Amplitude Amplitude is the degree of alteration in the oscillating variable. The change takes place with each cycle in the system. The amplitude in this sound varies with alternating quick and slow movements. The slow movements are at 0.08, 0.22, 0.44, 1.19, 1.38, 2.00, 2.15, 2.37, 3.05, 3.15, 3.12, 3.28 minutes, while quick movements are at 0.53, 1.00, 1.06, 1.10, 1.23, 1.24, 1.32, 1.52, 2.48, 3.00, 3.49 minutes. Panning in the Record Panning is the left to right spatial positioning of sound between two speakers. The use of flute, stringed instruments, and piano in the song or recording eliminate the essence of panning in the song. It is one of the most difficult procedures to accomplish in the musical scene. Variance in Timbre Timbre is the characteristic quality of pitch of resonance in a musical work. The tone quality exhibits the use of diverse instrumentation. At 28 seconds, the melody is introduced by a flute, at 16 and 43 seconds, it is handed to the oboe while feelings of stringed instrument appear at 7 seconds and 1 minute. Moments of Emphasis in the Recording The song exhibits emphasis at different points with alternating high and low tone emphasis. The emphasis shows a sense of rhythmic movement in the song. The emphasis in the recording diminishes at the following points, 1.19, 1.28, 1
According to Calderone and Clancy (2012), Tinea Corporis, commonly known as ringworm, is a fungal skin infection caused by a mold like fungi known as dermatophyte. The disorder affects all age groups. Tinea Corporis is a communicable disorder contracted through sharing of clothes, personal effects and body contact. Army (2012) maintains that the disease can affect healthy persons of all age groups, and might appear on any region of the body. The fungus grows faster on warm and moist skin surface. The symptoms of Tinea include; raised red pimples or bumps, burning sensation, itchiness, round ring-shaped rash with healthy looking skin at the center, scaly and raised borders of the rashes, and may appear as globular, flat, red dry skin. There are different types of Tinea depending on the location of the infection. These include Tinea Barbae that occurs in adult males, and manifest on the face and the neck regions. The affected areas form rough crusts with fluid filled pustules. Tinea Capitis affects the scalp resulting in excessive scaling that consequently results in hair loss, yellow crusts and inflammation (Army, 2012). Tinea Cruris occurs on the groin and the perineum regions of the body. Its symptoms include inflammation and itchiness of the affected area. On the other hand, Tinea Corporis infects all parts of the body except the groin, beard and scalp regions while Tinea Unguium affects both the toe and finger nails. Lastly, Tinea Pedis or athletes foot occurs on the feet due to increase in sweating and exposure of the feet to moist environment (Hamilton, 2012). Diagnosis of Tinea is through direct observation of the general skin condition. Other methods of diagnosis include the application of skin lesion biopsy and observation of the skin scrapping using potassium hydroxide under a microscope. Candidiasis, on the other hand, is a wide range of infections brought about by yeast-like fungus, known as candida.The disorder exists in varied