ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the novel “ Things Fall Apart” , Chinua Achebe portrays a futuristic community. Definitely, the main character Okonkwo’s consciousness and his endeavor to grasp and comprehend the necessity of change have driven the plot of the novel. He engages in self-gratification behavior and is interested in fulfilling his own needs. Okonkwo is a direct opposite of his lazy father Unoka. In the book “ The Iliad” by Homer, Achilles is presented as a courageous warrior with supernatural power. In addition, the gods love him. However, his weird character is an impediment towards integrity and nobility in his quest to protect a blotted pride. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly review the similarities and differences in the characters of Okonkwo and Achilles. Specifically, the paper analyzes their personality and contribution towards their downfall as illustrated by Chunia Achebe and Homer. Respect is illustrated as intense across the novel “ Things Fall Apart” and as the contributory factor of Okonkwo’s fame. In the series of elder meetings, respect is accorded to those with blotted household and stores of yams such as Okonkwo’s household. Moreover, “ Things Fall Apart” presents an atmosphere that is socially declining in a comical gesture. For instance, introduction of Christianity, which offers an abode to the outcasts, is initially thought as a harmless home of the busybodies. In a comical twist, Okonkwo loses his first son Unoka to the mission centre. In the end, the modernity system which the elders spent days and years ridiculing sweeps the entire village. Okonkwo loses everything he believed in and dies like an outcast. In a satiric twist of events, the sacrilege taboo of commit suicide on the rope overcomes Okonkwo. In the first paragraph, the author states that “fame rested on solid personal achievements. As a young man of 18, he had brought honor to his village” (Achebe 3). Okonkwo is painted as a very strong man who “had a slight stammer & whenever he was angry & could not get his words out quickly enough, he would use his fists” (Achebe 28). Reflectively, Achebe foreshadows Okonkwo’s own downfall due to uncontrolled temper. In fact, “he was a wealthy farmer & had 2 barns full of yams, & had just married his 3rd wife. To crown it all he had taken 2 titles” (Achebe 32). Okonkwo’s temper controls his decision and he is unable to not only arrest the unbecoming temper, but also uses it to express authority in his household. Sadly, this anger is seen on the traditional holiday called the Thanksgiving Day when he gives his wife a thorough beating against the traditions. In this
Abstract This paper provides a proposal of an additional course in Safety Engineering and explains the importance of this course and the topics it will cover. The suggestions and information for the course were taken from reliable sources; the research showed that valid information for the Safety Engineering course will be highly useful for the students interested in Industrial Engineering. The Ten-Week schedule proposed in the paper is based on the contents of the textbook selected for the course and designed to cover all the most important aspects of Safety Engineering. The paper proves the use and meaning of this subject objectively and globally and elaborates on its contents from the pedagogical point of view. Introduction Safety is a highly important issue in any field and during any work process. There is a probability of having an accident at any work place. Such accidents normally may bring complications and difficulties to the work process. Possible consequences of accidents can be of different types. Accidents may result in the delay in the work process, it may negatively affect the reputation of the whole organization, it may include victims, besides, people touched by the accident may react differently, which will cause law suits for the company. One accident is able to destroy the harmony and balance for the whole organization and create multiple kinds of discomforts. Besides, accidents will definitely cause the loss of income in that way or another. This is why the meaning and importance of safety engineering in any field cannot and should not be underestimated. The profession of a safety engineer is connected with lots of responsibilities, precision, tension and attention (Spellman, Whiting, 6). The process needs to be monitored and watched very carefully all the time. Safety engineers are responsible for such aspects of the work process as safety and health training, injury prevention, collecting the statistics and data, making a research, learning the chances and causes of various types of accidents. Safety engineers are involved into case studies and investigations. Accidents that may happen at the work place are not only connected to the equipment and the ways it is being operated, the areas of safety engineering also include such spheres as computer and data security and violence at the workplace. There is a lot to manage for a safety engineering professional. All of these aspects are crucial in the modern world that is filled with dangerous equipment, heavy machinery, chemicals, pressure and stress. Proper and well-educated safety management can and will save many human lives. This is why this discipline is necessary in the course of engineering. Background The history of safety counts thousands of years and goes back to ancient times when our forefathers all around the world were making the first connections between the health problems of people working in different area and the kinds of occupations they were involved into daily. The first researchers were trying to find out ways and methods of avoidi
Introduction There is a strong correlation between psychology and biology, as they are both related to the understanding of the functions of the brain. It could be said that biology influences psychological knowledge in terms of providing information about the nervous system, the presence of the hormones, and reflexes. In turn, various sciences such as psychobiology were created to underline the interdependence of these disciplines. Psychobiology helps explain individual behavior from a biological perspective. Nonetheless, the primary goal of this essay is to provide examples of the biological functioning of the body and explain their importance in psychology while understanding the motives for the particular behavior. In the end, the conclusions are drawn to underline the significance of the findings. Analysis One of the biological aspects, which influences the behavior of the individuals, is the nervous system. This matter shows a high influence of biology on psychology, as the primary goal of both disciplines is to discover the ways of the signals’ interpretation into the behavior of the individual. Furthermore, nowadays, the psychologists tend to rely on neurobiology while defining the functions of the brain and its reflections on the actions (Peters, 2013). In turn, the hypothalamus not only controls the homeostasis but also regulates behavior related to survival (Feldman, 2014). It could be said that the nervous system is responsible for the biological existence of the body and social performance. Nonetheless, hormones are another trend, which affects the psychological image and cognitive development of a person. For instance, such hormones as “cortisol and testosterone” affect the position in the social hierarchy and interactions with other members of the society (Kornienko, Clemans, Out, & Granger, 2014, p. 534). Speaking of a more detailed example, biology and psychology highlight that “those who are low in cortisol do not fear punishment” (Anderson, 2006, p. 145). In the end, biology helps understand the reasons for the actions of the criminals from the perspective of the levels of particular hormones. Lastly, reflexes also play an important role in psychology and biology. It could be said that the reflexes assist a person in survival and protect him/her from danger (Macphail, 2013). However, the reflexes tend to explain particular actions such as taking a hand away from the fire. Nonetheless, other biological aspects such as immune and cardiovascular systems also have an impact on the behavioral patterns of people with health problems (Boren & Veksler, 2011). It could be said that a combination of the particular biological aspects defines the characteristics and traits of a person and highly refers to his/her psychological perception in society. In turn, these factors can explain the decision-making logic and certain behavioral patterns in particular situations. For instance, a person with cardiovascular problems might not want to participate in active games and be involved in many discussions due to the understanding of the risk. In turn, people can learn to control the blood pressure with the help of biofeedback, as th
The movie “Se7en” is set in what is apparently a dystopia (i.e. a bleak future) as seen in the city and characters that are within the story. While there is no specific date as to when the film is set, it can be assumed that the events and characters that appear within it are in the very near future wherein society itself has begun to break down. The reason I utilized the phrase “break-down” is due to the manner in which the characters and setting are represented. For example, you can see the city itself as a bleak and desolate place, the people within it as represented by Tracy, and the other supporting characters) apparently view life in the city as bleak and disheartening and the setting of the world itself creates the impression of a society on the brink of collapsing from within. Analysis of the Plot The plot can be characterized as a type of psychological thriller involving the same sort of plotline that has been utilized numerous times in the past. The storyline involving a pair of detectives going after a serial killer with a very specific type of “modus operandi” (i.e. the way in which he kills his victims that is unique to that killer alone) has been utilized time and time again and lends little originality to the progression of the events of the film as a whole. I have to say that aside from the focus on the 7 deadly sins, the plotline can be compared to a vast array of other films. Analysis of the Characters When examining the characters, we are once again presented with little in the way of originality. The story has two main characters, namely:  1. an old detective with extensive experience in law enforcement yet has become disenchanted with life in the city  2. a new and reckless younger partner This is basically the same set of characters from the Lethal Weapon franchise starring Mel Gibson and Danny Glover as well as characterizes numerous other pairings from other films in the past. I have to say that the appeal of the movie is not in the uniqueness of the characters (because there is none) but in the way in which they are portrayed by excellent actors. If it were not for Brad Pitt and Morgan Freeman, I sincerely doubt this film would have reached the level of acclaim it achieved given its recycled plot and characters. Analyzing Style and Technique One of the unique stylistic elements was the “washed out” visual quality of the film that was meant to create a feeling of deterioration in the setting and elements of the movie. Since it is a psychological thriller, music is used to create a sense of foreboding and shock depending on particular scenes. The Theme of the Film and The general theme of the film is that even if the world is a bad place to live in, it is still worth fighting for in the end. All in all, I would have to say that the stylistic techniques of the film editors were quite successful in promoting the look and feel of a dystopia which helped to enhance the appeal of the film. Sample Opinion I have to say that the film itself is not really unique original in any
This research paper is aimed at examining the importance of the Social Security Act which was adopted in 1935. This topic can be better examined with the help of both primary and secondary sources. This approach can show how people, who lived during this period, could perceive this event. Yet, it is also necessary to understand how this law is assessed by modern historians. Overall, one can argue that this legal act signified the origins of the welfare state in America; moreover, its inaction changed the economic role of government because this institution began to act as the re-distributor of wealth in the society. To a great extent, this event continues to have significant implications of the contemporary American society which guarantees certain economic welfare to the citizens. These are the main arguments that should be examined more closely. It should be mentioned that the Social Security Act was enacted at the time when America was profoundly affected by the Great Depression. It deprived many people of their revenues. At that time, millions of people lost their employment, and in many cases, they were on the verge of starvation. Moreover, homelessness became much more widespread in the country. In contrast, the Social Security Act was aimed at assisting those people who could not support themselves. The text of this document can be regarded as the excellent primary source that can throw light on the intentions of policy-makers who attempted to create the model of state that could better ensure the welfare of the citizens. From the very start, the authors state that the main purpose of this law is to “provide for the general welfare” of people ( The Social Security Act, 1935, par. 1). They focus on the specific populations. For instance, one can speak about old people who cannot earn their living ( The Social Security Act, 1935). Moreover, this legal act was supposed to benefit those individuals who could not find employment at that time when many businesses went bankrupt ( The Social Security Act, 1935). Additionally, the legislators attached importance to the needs of children, especially orphans. It is possible to argue that legislators wanted to protect those citizens who were more vulnerable at the time of economic crisis. On the whole, the adoption of this law can be viewed as an important landmark in the history of the United States. At that moment, the government assumed some responsibility for the welfare of its citizens. More importantly, it imposed some obligations on businesses. To a great extent, this law shaped the functioning of the state for a long time. Moreover, this legal act signified the departure from the principles of the laisser-faire economy which was favored in the past. The government had to become an arbiter that was supposed to protect the interests of vulnerable groups. This is why the Social Security Act should not be overlooked by econom
In the contemporary world the society experiences a massive clash of social, economic, cultural life with financial and scientific aspects. Today, we live in a world of high speeds. Rapid changes and quick solutions are an essential part of the modern life. As a result, medicalization of problems of social and cultural characters became one of the most discussed issues. This paper discusses the phenomenon of medicalization of ADHD, along with the medicalization of other aspects perceived as deviant or atypical, it will also review the clash of scientific ideas and cultural assumptions where medicalization dominates due to the promotion of beliefs that issues of social and cultural characters can be treated medically. The term “medicalization” first appeared in 1970s, it was defined as the phenomenon that redefined non-medical issues and behaviors in order to present them as medical disorders and treat them scientifically (Wright 1). Many scholars approach medicalization as a way of social control. Medicalizaion today is viewed as an issue with multiple dimensions that includes a variety of social phenomena. Martin states that nowadays it is difficult to see how modern cultural assumptions influence scientific ideas (27). In my opinion, medicalization is a good example of such influence, as it demonstrates how cultural and social assumptions label various happenings presenting them as problems that should be treated. Medicalization is a part of the modern perception of the world where money can buy everything and where quick solutions are valued and pursued. This way, issues that are not easy to deal with in everyday life are promoted as minor problems that do not require much effort to treat. Medicalization of anorexia nervosa is a good example of the confusion of cultural assumptions and scientific ideas. Treatment and research of anorexia nervosa today are conducted scientifically based on the processes that happen in human body exposed to this disorder. Lester points out that the changes of human body suffering from anorexia nervosa are the outcomes, while the roots of this issue should be sought in the cultural surroundings of the patients (479). Eating disorders, just like overweight are widely medicalized and defined scientifically, but both of these notions are the outcomes of socio-cultural assumptions. For example, calling someone overweight and labeling it as a negative characteristic or a disease is arbitrary, because in many cultures this is considered a beautiful and positive feature (Jutel 2269). Another modern aspect of medicalization of human appearances was descr
Bottleneck is derived from the word the neck of a bottle, which is usually small compared to the other parts of a bottle. Hence, it limits the amount of any substance being drawn from the bottle. It means a delay that occurs at one point in a process and thereby causing inefficiency or reduction of the speed in which the process is expected to take place (Goldrat, 2004). If delays due to bottlenecks are not addressed, a process is likely to fail. The process of driving from home to work has some bottlenecks which lead to increasing the time one takes to work. Considering the information given on the process of driving to work daily, there are quite a number of main bottlenecks which are evident during the entire process. The greatest bottleneck is the state of my car and whether it has gas or not. From the data provided, it is clear that in the case where the car has enough fuel and is in a good condition, the process of going to work takes the shortest time possible. Lack of enough fuel in the car will imply that fueling will have to be done hence taking extra time in the gas station, which delays the process. Lack of fuel in the car or not being in a favorable condition will also imply boarding a public vehicle which may not always be available. This is a major bottleneck since if they are not available, one has to walk to work hence taking unusually long, and getting to work tired and unable to work efficiently. If the public vehicles are available, one is dropped at the station and walks to the working place, which may lead to more delays. The traffic light stopovers and traffic jams are sometimes not predictable. Police checks may also lead to delays in this process. Though they are not predictable, there are ways in which their e
Introduction This paper aims to discuss the use of web of institutionalization developed by Caren Levy (1998) in assessing the opportunities for community-led development. We will discuss a particular conflict situation, the construction of the Ilisu Dam on the lower Tigris River, and make general conclusions based on our discussion. The case of the Ilisu Dam is quite interesting: on the one hand, this project may create at least 10.000 jobs; however, it will force more than fifty thousand people to resettle. Furthermore, it will virtually erase a great number of cultural heritage sites (Johnson et al, 2010, p 3). This situation can be regarded as conflict of interests, and one has to carefully evaluate the motives of each party that can be involved in this conflict. Such tool as web of institutionalization can be applied to assess the opportunities for sustainability of social justice and policy planning. Furthermore, with its help one can develop strategies for resolving the dispute. These are the key issues that will be scrutinized in this paper. Web of institutionalization as an assessment tool In this part of the paper we need to describe the model offered by Caren Levy. The author defines institutionalization as “the process whereby social practices become sufficiently regular and continuous to be described as institutions” (Levy, 1998, p 254). To some extent, institutionalization can be viewed as provision of guidelines that regulate the relation between people and help to resolve disputes or conflicts (Shaffer, 2004). The web itself constitutes thirteen elements, yet, their exact number depends on the specific situation, as under some circumstances, the elements of the web may be either very weak or even non-existent 1 . This web represents a chain of factors and processes which are needed for the institutionalization of a social phenomenon, for instance, pressure of political constituencies, political commitment, the structures that represent the rights of certain interest groups, methodologies that help to implement a social policy and so forth (Levy, 1998, p 254). In its nature, web of institutionalization is a guideline that helps a political party or any other organization to work out an action plan. Nevertheless, it can also be used as diagnostic tool. In such case, its main objective is to measure the extent of institutionalization. On the whole, the components of the web can be categorized into four spheres of influence which are as follows: Citizen Sphere, Policy Sphere, Organizational Sphere and Delivery Sphere (Johnson et al, 2010, p 13). We will study the case from the perspective of interests of those people whose living condition