ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A customer’s memory plays a great role in their consumer decision-making process. In advertising, whether or not a customer will buy a product depends on his or her memory. Creativity is a necessity if the ad is going to stick onto a buyer’s memory to influence his/ her decision. Two studies were undertaken to find out the effect of creativity on a customer’s memory of an advert. The first one studied the relationship between creativity, out-of-home ads, and consumers’ memory. With cinema adverts and airport adverts being used as experimental ads, it was established that when compared to creativity, the location of an ad is not significant to a customer’s memory. Study 2 aimed at finding out the effect of creativity on a customer’s attention and recognition of a brand. It was established that creative ads draw the attention of customers and in the process tend to stick on a buyer’s mind. The customer can easily recognize a creatively advertised product. From the two studies, it can be concluded that creativity has a positive effect on recognition. The results however do not provide a convincing analysis since different types of advertising media were not utilized. Media plays a key role towards recognition and hence must be factored in. The environment must also be varied from low distraction levels to high distraction levels to have a more objective analysis of creativity and memory. Adverts used in the first study were already existing hence were not suitable for recall tests. Respondents may recall the advert from a prior airing and not from the experiment. The second study was based in a classroom environment instead of a real-world setting. The findings of these two studies cannot, therefore, be relied on for determining the effect of creativity on memory. Creativity via Cartoon Spokespeople in Print Ads Unlike the traditional print ads which made use of personalized characters, the use of cartoon spokespeople in ads is gaining popularity. For an ad to be effective, it must appeal to its audience. Creativity and entertainment are key to effective ads. The use of animated characters in advertisements instead of human manipulated characters has been a subject of debate. A study was conducted in the US amongst undergraduate students to analyze the effect that animations have on print ads. Different ads with human and cartoon characters were used as experiments. The respondents were required to assess each ad and rate them for likeability and credibility. A questionnaire was provided for the respondents to fill in and give either a favorable or an unfavorable verdict concerning the two ads. Statistics from the study revealed that the use of animated characters is a more creative, distinctive, and interactive method of advertising. The research however does not give a comprehensive and conclusive account as to the effectiveness of cartoon characters over human characters. The sample was not sufficiently representative as only undergraduate students were used. Despite fair representation in gender, the number of respondents was only 141 who were all between the ages of 18 and 33. Cartoons are popular with young people, hence, th
Introduction Bank of Ireland is the largest and oldest bank in Ireland. The Bank’s staff headcount is more than 11,000 employees, and its revenues exceeded €3 billion in 2014 ( Bank of Ireland, n.d.). The Bank is a subsidiary of Bank of Ireland Group plc, and it was instituted by Royal Charter in 1783 ( About the Group, n.d.). The analyzed bank is a merchandising and commercial bank with the following objectives: renovate the bank, serve clients perfectly, and “grow sustainable profits” ( About the Group, n.d.). The type of industry is banking and financial services, such as deposit services, mortgages, loan services, international asset and debt financing, home insurance, leasing, trustee, and other services. The Bank uses such technologies as the mainframe computer for recording all customers’ transactions, IT services, like cloud adoption and expansion, telecoms, business-to-business software, and internet of things (gateways, silicon chips, and antennas) ( Bank of Ireland Technology Sector, 2016). However, the use of these technologies is not sufficient for the further expansion of the Bank’s e-commerce. Bank of Ireland could improve its functions and activities, reviewing its digitalization path and making several adjustments. According to Martinez (2019), the following steps of the digitalization path can help advance business activities: customer orientation and operational efficiency, understanding the operation, develop solutions with technology, and solutions implementation and integration (p. 1727). This report will discuss the potential digitalized future of the Bank of Ireland, utilizing these four steps. Potential Digitalized Future Bank of Ireland is a customer-oriented commercial bank, with most of its services aimed at Irish consumers and business customers. Therefore, customer orientation and orientational efficiency are of high importance for the digitalization of the bank’s e-commerce. This section will discuss the four steps toward the potential digitalized future of the Bank of Ireland. Customer Orientation and Orientational Efficiency The deficiency of digital technology in the Bank of Ireland had a negative effect on its customers. The interview with the Senior Director in the Property Finance division of Corporate Banking, Michael Murray, revealed the importance of the advance of digitalization for the Bank of Ireland. Murray said that before the introduction of modern technologies, all transactions and bank operations were performed manually, and it might take up to ten days before the operations would be completed (Digital-Native, 2020). The state of affairs has changed meaningfully with the expansion of mobile phones and computers. According to J.P. Morgan’s 2019 report, Irish people favor smartphones and computers as e-commerce methods, and “mobile commerce accounts for 42 percent of total e-commerce sales” (para. 29). To satisfy customers’ needs, banks should ensure the expansion of secure payments and mobile digital wallets. As the Bank of I
Introduction Marijuana is a very controversial substance, which has been a debate in California on whether it should be legalized or not. The substance, which is derived from dried cannabis Sativa or cannabis India, has many uses, including medicinal uses, animal food as well as hemp for rope making. Marijuana happens to be an illegal substance that has the widest use globally. At this point, one wonders why such a substance is termed illegal, yet it seems to have a lot of support from many people. In fact, the usefulness of marijuana as a medicine and rope-making raw material makes it hard to understand why this substance should not be legalized. The effects that marijuana has on the body are both positive and negative. Since it can decrease intraocular pressure, perhaps it would be wise to consider its use for such a purpose though it leads to reddening of the eyes. The muscle relaxation effect of marijuana also appears to be a positive effect that should be used to argue for its legalization. The negative effects on the body should also be factored in deciding whether to legalize marijuana or not. For instance, an increased heart rate may not be desirable for patients with cardiovascular diseases, not to mention skin sensation effects. Marijuana Legalization Issue California’s proposition that marijuana is legalized for persons aged 21 and older is a sensitive issue. It is hard to ensure that those who are in possession of marijuana do not have more than 28.5 grams. The difficulty in assessing this quantity would imply that people would consume more than 1 oz, more so considering the addictive effects of marijuana. Arguing that marijuana should be legalized and be used in non-public places like personal residential areas does not mean that it would not affect others. Second-hand marijuana smoke may affect family members who live in the same residence with a marijuana smoker. The control of cannabis is further complicated by arguing that one can grow cannabis in the space of 2.3m2 for personal use. It implies that persons who have more than one private residence may grow marijuana in all the residents, thus exceeding the allowed 25 square feet. This, therefore, means that legalizing marijuana using the above control measures is not an effective way of preventing the adverse effects of the substance. Conclusion While it is true that marijuana can raise a substantial amount of revenue from excise tax, sales taxes and save millions of money used in law enforcement of marijuana-related offenses, these benefits may not be worth in the long-run. Given that marijuana has serious health problems, including increased road accidents, as well as increasing the likelihood of use of harder drugs, these benefits may be neutralized later. A large percentage of the population would be jeopardized, thus requiring a lot of money for rehabilitation, not to mention physical and mental impairment that would reduce people’s productivity. Given the several advantages of marijuana use, such as medical use, the use of marijuana should be restricted for such purposes only. Going with the difficulties in controlling marijuana use and the possible ha
Invisible Mending and David Fogel’s Facing the Sea In the work of Jewish writers Ruth Almog and David Fogel the themes of liberation and oppression take the forefront. Both writers exhibit an interest in how the oppressed person deals with his or her situation, as well as the psychological effects of oppression, particularly on the youngest generation. This essay focuses on two works by Ruth Almog and David Fogel: the title story of Invisible Mending or Tikun Omanuti , and Facing the Sea or Nochah Ha-Yam . In Ruth Almog’s writing, the oppressed characters often create their own liberation through some form of artistic practice. In David Fogel’s work, the characters appear to liberate themselves from oppression, albeit temporarily, through sexuality and eroticism. Ruth Almog writes from the perspective of the exiled person, and often from the point of view of a young person or child. In the title story of Invisible Mending , for instance, the painful vulnerability and dependence of childhood contrasts sharply with the peace and tranquility achieved by art and creativity. Invisible Mending is a part of a collection of short stories that detail exile and economic depression. Many of the child protagonists depicted in Invisible Mending “are handicapped by tragedy or by the refugee experience of their parents. They might be lonely, degraded or helpless, but they are saved by the redemptive power of art” (Brenner 1). Ruth Almog’s Invisible Mending tells the story of Hephtzibah, a young girl whose father has recently passed away. This deceptively simple story details Hephtzibah’s action of repairing the mandatory tear made in her dress, the obligatory sign of mourning when a loved one dies in the Jewish tradition. Hephtzibah repairs her dress in “an artistic fashion” (Almog 54). The title in Hebrew is often translated as “artistic” or “invisible” mending, which emphasizes the feminine need the female need – as exemplified by Hephtzibah’s creativity – to discover “inner peace through creative fulfillment” (Levine 61). As an oppressed child, the daughter of immigrants whose life has already been touched by hardship, “the constraints of the traditional world and its practices are subverted and overturned…at the time when increasing Zionist alignment with the Holocaust victim fostered literature viewing Israel as safeguard of the Jewish people, Ruth Almog saw the redemption of the post-Holocaust world in the ethics of mending the world that the Holocaust event engendered in the children of victims and perpetrators alike” (Brenner 1). In Invisible Mending Almog quietly depicts the ways in which children and women can find “redemption and free-spiritedness through art and creativity” (Levine 61). Art and creativity then becomes the liberating force at work in the story. “Almog illustrates her thesis that through the prism of beauty, art or creativity, adversity in life can become poignant and bearable, the pain enriching and elevating. She artistically mends the life st
Introduction In the United Kingdom, the newspaper industry has different types of newspaper prints which differ in terms of size and story coverage. The broadsheet print newspaper is relatively larger in size compared to the tabloid newspaper. The content of the broadsheet print is usually complex. Tabloid newspapers on the other hand are usually small and contain simple content which readers can easily understand. The two types of newspapers include various news such as those related to regional sports news, weather forecasts, national and international politics and celebrities’ gossip (Rogers, 2010, para. 1-4). This paper seeks to explore the criteria for choosing news topics between ‘The Sun’ which is a tabloid newspaper and ‘The Times’ which is a national broadsheet print. Discussion The media industry must develop effective strategies to enable it gain a higher competitive advantage in order to compete with other firms in the media industry. In order for firm’s in the media industry to attain this, they must be effective in the process of determining the news which they include in their paper. The criterion for choosing news topics differ from one news organizations to another. According to O’Neill and Harcup (2008, p.168), news value should be based on a number of factors such as the audience and celebrity culture and not on the traditional criteria of news selection. Such changes in the selection process results from economic, social and cultural factors (O’Neill & Harcup, 2008, p.168). In an effort to demystify this fact, two types of newspapers are reviewed. These include ‘The Sun’ which is a tabloid newspaper and ‘The Times’ which is a broadsheet print. With regard to broadsheet newspaper, the power of the elite highly determines the kind of news and stories which feature in these papers. For example, on August 28, 2010, The Times was posted online showing a masthead on the front page and highlights of topics concerning powerful individuals such as the United States President, Barrack Obama. Other prominent personnel feature on different pages of the newspaper. This indicates the kind of content in online broadsheet newspaper. The online paper also covered topics of big institutons and organizations such as the NATO, European Unions and BBC. From these headlines, it is clear that elite power factor is a requirement in deciding what news or story is included in the newspaper. The criterion for selecting news or story on The Times
Background Information Syria is an Asian state entity that borders countries such as turkey, Jordan, Iraq, Israel, and Lebanon. Damascus, it’s capital and major city suffices as one of the oldest and strategic locations in contemporary society. Syria is renowned for fertile and arable land that bolsters its stature as an agricultural territory (Sharp 12). However, it is important to note that some regions within Syria experience extremely dry conditions that do not support agriculture. The country harbours diverse cultural, ethnic, and religious orientations. The most prevalent ethnic identities include Alawites, Kurds, Turks, Armenians, and Assyrians (Sharp 12). However, Sunni Arabs constitute the largest segment of the overall population. This ethnic, racial, and cultural diversity makes it prone to tension and strife that usually emanates from political, social, and economic considerations. Countries such as Syria require political leadership that promotes equity and justice about the distribution of natural resources. In the absence of such arrangements, it is difficult to guarantee inclusive social, political, and cultural leadership (Sharp 12). The historical dynamics of Syria’s existence make it necessary for authorities to uphold fairness in executing policies that relate to its citizenry. Cultural and ethnic realities often contribute to Syria’s disposition as a political hotbed. The realities mentioned above necessitate constant surveillance by various faculties within the international community (Sharp 12). This research undertaking seeks to evaluate various facets of Syria’s existence as a state entity. It shall institute holistic foray into past and present circumstances that continue to define Syria’s position within the community of nations. Indeed, Syria is a strategic state that offers ma
The problem of terrorism has recently become one of the most concerning issues of the modern world. The news on terroristic organizations and acts can be seen on media which makes people anxious about their future. In fact, the term refers to one of the tactics of political struggle associated with the use of ideologically motivated violence (Townshend, 2018). Some terrorists want to achieve their goals by intimidating the authorities but, in most cases, ordinary people that have nothing to do with politics fell victim to terroristic attacks (Townshend, 2018). For example, the Earth Liberation Front has tried to attract the attention of politicians to the problems of ecology and environment by using guerilla war and sabotage (Loadenthal, 2016). Other terrorists see their goal in killing people who do not correspond to their religious and ideological views (Townshend, 2018). The most notorious organization of this kind is Al-Qaeda; the word means “foundation” in Arabic (Roy, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the terrorist networks mentioned and decide which one poses a greater threat to the United States today. The Earth Liberation Front in the USA refers to cells and activists who draw public attention to environmental problems by using aggressive methods. Although the movement is supported internationally, in the United States, it has developed into an independent and powerful organization and can be regarded as a domestic one (Brown, 2017). People who belong to the Earth Liberation Front, are also known as the Elves (Brown, 2017). They see the purpose of the movement in restoring pristine ecosystems that were demolished by the unscrupulous and selfish actions of humans (Brown, 2017). In the Elves’ opinion, without all the innovations and devices that are employed by modern people, the world would be a better place. That is why the Elves struggle with the wide use of cars by throwing sharp metal fragments that can puncture tires on the roadway. Further means used by the members of the Earth Liberation Front include setting fire to residential buildings and shops that sell chemicals, beating people who in their office cut down trees, and others. Researchers note that in 2001, the activity of the Earth Liberation Front was considered the greatest domestic terrorist threat for the United
Background The introduction of mobile phones has contributed to significant shifts in social sphere. This device has become an integral component of modern life because people all over the world consider mobile communication the core of social interaction. However, the negative consequences of mobile phones for human health have been poorly investigated and, therefore, few people are aware of the actual threats of using handsets. In particular, a number of recently conducted studies put forward evidence concerning the negative effects of radiation that is emitted by phones. These emissions are considered to be the main reason for cancer, specifically brain glioma. Though the presented consideration about cancer does not have solid grounds, the adverse effects of using mobile phones are still evident in terms of connection between health problems and radiofrequency emissions. In this respect, an in-depth analysis of these controversial issues will define if the examined problem is serious. The presentation of studies supporting and withdrawing the claims will outline the existence of the identified connections. Research Studies on Radiofrequency Emission A number of researchers have supported the idea that mobile radiation threats have been intensified recently. Though few researches dedicated to the connection between radiofrequency emission and cancer occurrence withdraw the danger of using mobile phones, many studies provide a solid ground for justifying the potential threat of using handsets. Specifically, the experimental studies provided by Noor et al. (2011) explore the effect of amino acids and neurotransmitters in the brains of young and adult albino rats during 1-hour exposure to mobile radiation. Interestingly, the results have demonstrated an increased level of inhibitory and excitatory amino acids in the brains of albino rats after 1-hour radiation exposure. Consequently, the research reports the existence of negative effects of using mobile phones. Similar to Noor et al. (2011), Levis et al. (2011) have also highlighted the adverse outcomes of mobile radiation for human health. In their studies, the scholars claim that significant increase of mobile communication level has triggered the concern with the influence of emission on the emergence of head tumors. Specifically, a direct connection has been revealed between the benign and malign brain tumors, and use of cellular phones. Despite the above-presented concerns, numerous researches have proved that there is no potential risk of cancer, as well as other health problems connected to mobile phone use. In this respect, the research performed by Cardis (2010) has revealed insufficient evidence supporting the connection between cancer emergence and mobile radiation. Though the studies do not provide sufficient evidence for causal interpretation of the problem, there are some biases and ambiguities that need to be further investigated. Pote