ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Every business established for profit generation pays keen attention to the efficiency of their production process to develop a balance between costs of production and revenue generated. Lipsey (2018) defines economies of scale as firm’s savings or cost advantages due to efficient production and marketing processes. While some costs are fixed in the short –run, analyzing the corporations’ finances, in the long run, offers an accurate picture of the economies of scale since all costs are assumed to vary in the long run (Lipsey, 2018). Diversification, bulk purchasing, mergers, easier access to capital, technological innovation, and managerial efficiency are some of the ways through which large companies enjoy economies of scale in the long run. Diversification Economic resilience is one of the critical concepts worth understanding in economies of scale. Business risks play an essential role in determining the profitability of any given company. According to De Roest, Ferrari and Knickel (2018), diversification enables a company to spread the business risks over a wider range, reducing the overall risk associated with any given line of operations. This concept is closely linked to economic sustainability, which results from reduced vulnerability due to economies of scope. Large firms are sometimes challenged to choose specialization or economies of scale to minimize production costs. Mydland et al. (2020) assert that although specialization may reduce production costs, it leads to a firm’s dependence on one line of operation, increasing costs in the long run. As companies grow, their abilities to produce different products concurrently increase. Jayne, Chamberlin and Benfica (2018) argue that diversification is a potential solution to the economic challenges facing Africa, implying that if large companies in Africa diversify their operations, considerable economies of scale can be realized. Essentially, large corporations can gain economies of scale if they venture into additional production processes to spread the risks and develop economic resilience. Bulk purchasing Raw materials form a significant portion of a firm’s calling for efficient resource acquisition methods to minimize production costs while maximizing output. Research by Dillon, De Weerdt and O’Donoghue (2020) on purchasing behaviour reveals that if individuals and companies buy in bulk, they may benefit from up to 8.7% discounts without altering their purchasing quantities. Large firms are financially capable of purchasing on a large scale to enjoy economies of scale resulting from low input costs. Bigger firms have more bargaining power due to bulk buying, significantly reducing operating costs and enjoying economies of scale (Kim, 2019). In addition, large-volume purchasing is associated with better delivery rates and inventory management enabling long-run economies of scale. Mergers Mergers entail firms coming together to benefit from large-scale operations and reduce the costs associated
Customer Discovery: Technology Platform Technology Platform The effective engineering of fundamental areas is key to a high quality of life. In agriculture, biotechnology plays a vital role in advancing the production of various crops and increasing the harvest. South et al. (2019) established three new metabolic pathways into the plant cell and increased the efficiency of photosynthesis by 40 percent, which is the main innovative element for commercialization. It should be clarified that such success inefficiency is measured by the result – the growth of the biomass of plants. The theoretical estimates of this fundamental improvement gave from a 20 percent to 50 percent increase in the efficiency of photosynthetic processing (South et al. 2019). While the experiments were conducted with a tobacco plant, such food plants as rice, wheat, and soybeans are also belong to C 3 crops with similar features. The native metabolic pathway was blocked so that the energy would not spend there, and the complete control of the entire internal mechanics of the cell was provided. Technology Advantages The enhancement of the process of photosynthesis in rice, wheat, and soybeans is advantageous since these are the main crops in the world. The soil and climatic conditions of many regions with the identified crops made it possible to organize their production. However, the agricultural and climatic features of these areas required the study of the characteristics of growth and development of tobacco, rice, et cetera in these conditions (Smyth, Phillips & Castle 2014). In Mexico, Canada, India, and many other countries, golden grains are sown and reaped, which then come to the table in the form of fragrant bread. Nevertheless, wheat harvest is not enough to feed all the hungry. Because the climate on the planet has become warmer, crops lag in growth. Destructive fungi, droughts, and other factors are a serious threat to valuable food crops on the planet (Smyth, Phillips & Castle 2014). This situation will adversely affect the domestic food production sector. The implementation of a set of measures will contribute to the development of advanced postgenomic and biotechnological methods in crop production and the formation of dynamic markets for transgenic seeds and plants demanded by agricultural producers. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation
Identification The case focuses on Porsche, a car manufacturing company focusing on luxury and sports cars. Porsche’s 2008 takeover of Volkswagen is part of its strategy to manage competition in the automobile industry, which is highly competitive. However, the successful implementation of this strategy is threatened by its potential effect on other lines of business. As explained in the case, Porsche also provides engineering development services to car manufacturers through the Porsche Engineering Group (PEG). While Porsche was positioned as an independent, niche carmaker, it had success with its clients. Following the takeover of VW, there is a threat that the company’s image in the eyes of customers will shift, thus making them hesitate to use Porsche’s engineering development services. Given the high share of R&D investment in Porsche’s expenses, this could threaten the company’s revenue. Another potential problem associated with the takeover strategy is the possibility for conflict in operations. VW’s R&D team is substantially smaller and less funded, meaning that the two companies use different approaches to R&D. The present report will analyse the information provided in the case and the main scenarios involved to give a set of recommendations. Analysis and Evaluation Internal Analysis The internal analysis focuses on decision-making, operations, and functions within the company that affect its market position and performance. From its foundation, Porsche has been a small car manufacturer targeting the sports cars niche primarily and later expanding on to the luxury cars market. This diversification strategy benefitted Porsche, allowing it to grow its annual production, sales, and revenue. The engineering development services line of business is another example of Porsche’s successful diversification strategy. It is evident from the case that Porsche excels at engineering, which offered the company an opportunity to expand its operations without damaging its primary business. On the whole, the internal situation in Porsche was stable before its takeover of VW. The acquisition of the majority shares of VW threatened the stability that Porsche enjoyed since it is not clear whether or not the operations of the two companies should merge and to what extent. The integration of R&D functions at the two companies could threaten Porsche’s engineering development services business, although it could also help to leverage quality and operations at VW. The integration itself is also seen as problematic due to the conflicting approach of the two companies to R&D. Hence, the primary internal problem in the case is the collaboration between two companies of different size and from different market nich
Amazon Amazon is one of the companies with a remarkable history and marketing strategy. It is one of the largest online retailers and a notable example of successful electronic commerce based on an effective marketing strategy (Hall, 2019). Amazon’s case can be used to illustrate that the development of a marketing information system (MIS) is vital for the organization’s success. Novikova (2015) notes that the establishment of such a system requires the determination of customers’ needs, the identification of the data along with the means of its protection, and the development of a structure. The development of an MIS ensures that marketing managers receive accurate clients’ information timely. The example of Amazon shows that the company’s ability to organize information, track fraud, and analyze the consumers’ behavioral patterns may allow for the improved quality of services and products. Discussion Another significant concept related to e-commerce is customer relations management (CRM). According to Cheng and Xu (2015), it can be utilized to obtain records, such as purchasing trends and use it to provide personalized services. For example, Amazon works with users’ information to create wish lists for individuals based on their purchases. Moreover, CRM allows the company to develop advertising campaigns based on the data it collects, as the technology ensures that the organization can make suggestions about the items that customers may find interesting or useful. It is necessary to note that the development of CRM, as well as the MIS, is a complex process that requires significant investment, sufficient knowledge about the market and potential customers, and training for personnel. Moreover, the consideration of the organizational and legal aspects of data collection is also vital. eBay eBay is one of the most popular platforms where individuals can purchase and sell items. Currently, it has more than 175 billion active buyers and more than a billion active listings (“Who we are,” 2019). It is evident that the company uses information about customers’ behavioral patterns to meet their requirements and provide them with a high-quality service. It allows eBay to remain competitive and influence the market by establishing a high standard of e-commerce. Discussion It is vital to describe how eBay uses analytics for its business in detail. Lopez (2016) notes that the organization utilizes machine learning and big data to perform A/B testing, improve the personalization of its services, and enhance merchandising. It allows eBay to recommend items to their customer
It has been said that J.K. Rowling has a remarkable way of discussing history, current events, and even human rights within the pages of her Harry Potter book series. As a fan of her work, I can attest to the fact that the woman writes stories that give the readers a peek into events that have historical significance. One of the sub-plots in the book is the story of house-elves and Hermione Granger’s attempt to get them either freed or at least given equal rights and wages. As slaves, the elves in the story are the wizarding counterpart of the muggle slaves and helpers from an era we have long forgotten. Just as the human slaves were judged by race, so were the elves. They were looked upon as stupid and worthless by the wizarding family owners and were often subject to the same verbal and physical abuse as their human counterparts. The elves also came from generations of house slaves and most of them, such as Winky, the Crouch family elf, never knew anything else in life and therefore did not bother to ambition beyond her work station the way that Dobby, the Malfoy family elf did. In a way, one might say that the elves created the enslavements themselves because they became dependent upon their masters for their everyday needs and personal well-being. Just like other slaves, they viewed their masters in an almost god-like manner. They tried to emulate their master’s attitude towards other elves whom they deemed beneath their station and oftentimes, absorbed everything in terms of their master’s negative attitude towards others. Their need to please their masters was more than their desire to develop an identity of their own so that when a chance came for the two of them to go free, both seemed at a loss as to how to lead their masterless lives. For instance, Dobby had always had these dreams of becoming a freed elf, which is why when he got the chance, he traveled for 2 years and slowly came to realize that he was getting shafted in the enslavement method of his existence. He came to realize that it was not wrong for him to expect to be amply remunerated for the hard work he puts into activities for other people. Dobby explained the way people viewed house-elves quite clearly when he said : But most wizards don’t want a house-elf who wants to pay, miss. “That’s Not the point of a house-elf they say, and they slammed the door in Dobby’s face! Dobby likes work, but he wants to wear clothes and he wants to be paid, Harry Potter… Dobby likes being free! ( Harry Potter And The Goblet Of
Introduction The effects of sleep disorders and fatigue on public safety officers is a social issue that needs to be addressed with more vigor and urgency so that the key issues and factors that are salient and of utmost forbearance are dissected and brought to the fore and solutions delineated that are structured around the tenets of ensuring for better organization, health concern, social attention and family relations redress for the case of the police officers. Main body The police forces face a whole multitude of stressors that have been shown to impact negatively on their well-being. One of the major sources of these stresses has been attributed to the rotating work shifts and extended working hours that result in sleep deprivation. It is seen that while the work hours in many professions are standardized and regulated, no such structure exists for the police forces. Conversely, “the officers often are overly fatigued due to the long and erratic work hours, overtime assignments, night schools; long hours spent waiting to testify and the emotional and physical demands of their jobs, coupled with the need to meet family and peers demands” (Armstrong, 2000). The one mediator to these adverse effects on the health, social, family, and work performance has been related to the traumatic and non-traumatic duty-related stressors in police officers that can be directly attributed to sleep deprivation. An initial review of the literature indicates that though the officers provide vital services to society, their work is characterized by a whole cocktail of stressful arrangements that have been shown to have profound bearings on their lives. These are seen to impact negatively on health, work performance, social and fami
In cities and towns, there are enormous crowds of people who live, work, and move from street to street. To make their lives easier, better, and more comfortable, it is essential to divide towns into several parts. For example, zones with offices should be busy, quick, businesslike, with coffee shops and cafes, and tuning to productiveness. At the same time, all the living parts should be calm, relaxing, safe, with markets and playgrounds. This is why such a law as the zoning ordinance is rather crucial and necessary for ensuring a comfortable life for citizens and creating a working or relaxing atmosphere. The purpose of this paper is to explain the necessity of the zoning ordinance law, the way it functions, and how it may influence people’s lives. After that, the power of this law will be demonstrated in the example of the UWS Luxury Tower case. Definition of the Zoning Regulations Law The zoning ordinance is a special written law and regulation that defines how property can be used in certain geographical areas. These rules indicate whether zones can be used for commercial or residential purposes, and usually also regulate lot placement, size, density, volume, and structures’ height. Zoning ordinances are lengthy documents that define the acceptable use for certain areas. Moreover, they describe the necessary procedures for resolving differences, processing violations, including any possible fines, and considering appeals. Zoning
Overview of core measures Core measures were first initiated in the year 2003 (Booth, 2009). During their inception, the processes comprised of ten acute myocardial infarction indicators, four congested heart failure indicators, twelve pneumonia indicators, three surgical care improvement indicators, and two pregnancy-related measures. In the year 2006, three more measures were added (Booth, 2009). In the year 2008, two more indicators were added. The national inpatient and outpatient quality measures are standardized performance systems used in the evaluation of health care delivered in specified focus areas. As such, the existing core measures symbolize the outcomes of the efforts from a number of stakeholders. The stakeholders include physicians, health care centers, clients, and medical communities. To enhance these measures and encourage precise expansion in consumer safety, the National Patient Safety was formed. In spite of the widespread distribution of the core measures, it is worrying to note that there is a considerable disparity in their applications across the health care centers (Booth, 2009). Rationales behind this disparity are complicated and may comprise dissimilarities in guideline acquaintance, provider education, and devices and procedures aimed at ensuring that the suggested care is offered and documented. Equally, health care type, size, and setting have been found to be having a relationship with conformity rates. In addition, other health care factors such as physician leadership and managerial support might affect the consistent use of evidence-based procedures of care. Definition of core measures Based on the above illustrations, core measures can be defined as a national quality plan authorized by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services and The Joint Commission towards monitoring detailed health care processes and how well health care institutions can offer recommended care (Rainer, 2013). Inpatient processes improve the contribution of certain healthcare sets. The sets are acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, heart failure, stroke, venous thromboembolism, surgical care improvement project, children’s asthma care, emergency department, and preventive immunization (Rainer, 2013). On the other hand, outpatient patient measures improve the contribution of some specified healthcare sets. The sets may include emergency department measures focused on discharged patients, surgery, and acute myocardial infarction. The quality of care can be established using core measures. The above can be achieved by monitoring the use of suggested interventions, which scientific facts indicate that result inappropriate outcomes. Physicians and researchers have confirmed that these interventions lessen the threats associated with complications, thwart recurrences, and care for a number of patients who visit the healthcare centers for the cure conditions or sickness (Singer & Willman,
Operation management is a key area of management in any successful organization. The management ensures business operations use the available resources in an organization effectively to meet dynamic consumer needs (Lewis, & Slack, 2003, p.11). Nike, a market leader in the sports shoes and apparel has a commanding thirty two percent of the global market share. The success in Nike is because the company ensures that estimates of how well the product will sell are pertinent prior to manufacturing a product. In addition, Nike ensures that the right product gets to the right consumer at the right time. Consumers’ fashions and tastes are highly dynamic, thus an organization must keep up with fashion trends in order to remain competitive. For the success of Nike, it is imperative that all the businesses operations get quality information. Quality information ensures that the various departments in an organization, which include sales delivery to retailers around the world, factory orders, and sales forecasting coordinate to keep up with changing consumer needs. Quality information helps Nike to coordinate with its manufacturing operations to avoid the accumulation of stock that could cause losses if not sold and/or consumer tastes change. Timeliness ensures that Nike reduces the period it takes to design and launch its products into the market. Moreover, timeliness and quality information ensures that Nike responds to consumer needs promptly thus avoiding delays, which could cause the organization to be in fashion lag. When designing any information system, information security is an inherent factor to the success of the organization. Secure information system maintains information confidentiality, availability requirements, and integrity (Trček, 2006, p.18). Unfortunately, information systems face significant threats from access by unauthorized personnel, which could be detrimental to the organization if for instance, competitors access such information. Nike should ensure the information for sale forecasting and factory upholds information integrity and confidentiality. In its never-ending race for high sales and profits, Nike uses the World Wide Web to brand royalty and stimulate demand for its products. However, Nike can use the World Wide Web for a variety of other functions to ensure that it achieves its goal of increasing its global market share to forty-three per cent. Nike should use the internet to develop a personal relationship with its consumers. In the advent of technology, organizations are using the internet to develop a personal relationship with consumers and using it as a marketing tool and for carrying out market surveys. When an organization uses online marketing, it reduces the cost of advertising and increases consumer loyalty. In addition, using the internet to carry out market surveys is cheaper and ensures that organizations reduce time spent in the design phase of product development. In addition, Nike should use the World Wide Web to carry out corporate social responsibility thus garnering positive publicity from potential consumers and its stakeholders. By adapting integrated informa