ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the United States, as well as in many other countries, there is a specific regulation concerning working conditions and payment. As a rule, workers have to be paid hourly with no more than 40 hours 7 days per week. In case the number of working hours exceeds because of different reasons, a regular rate of payment should be changed in regard to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). In this paper, the case study “From Barista to Manager” will be discussed from the point of view of a manager who has to work more because of a currently received promotion, but receives the same salary and from the point of view of a company that has to re-structure the organization in order not to break the law and meet the employees’ demands and needs. Key and Underlying Issues of the Case In the case under analysis, the main problem is connected with the necessity for an employee to work more and inability to get a high salary. One of the main thoughts in this case is that it is possible to work 55 hours if this kind of work is fairly paid (Gerhart, Milkovich, & Newman, 2014). However, when fair working conditions are discussed, it is necessary to remember about the FLSA and the government’s decision to stand up for employees who have to overwork and put their lives under risks by the inability to ask for fair work and payment and the necessity to demonstrate high rates of productivity (Dishman, 2015). In this case, an employee continues working as a manager, completing a number of duties which are not always similar to those of a manager, and receiving similar to the barista’s salary. The company does nothing to change the situation because, first, there is no complaint from the manager at the moment, and, second, no evident violations of the FLSA. Decisions through the Case The main problem in the situation under discussion is that no certain problem is identified, just individual concerns and dissatisfaction with a promotion. From the legal point of view, the company can be reclassified to non-exempt status with minimal losses and identify its exemption standards (Greene, 2015). Regarding an organizational perspective, the company should not document the exemption of the manager’s salary because all duties, working conditions, and responsibilities have to be mentioned in a contract and signed by both parties relying on their free will. Suits may be developed against the company, but neither baristas nor managers can achieve positive results in case they sign contracts with clear details being given there. To be ready to ask for salary change or re-consider manager’s duties, a person should investigate the contract and identify if there are any drawbacks or unclear points. For example, in Starbucks, baristas may earn up to $25,000 per year with all
Topic Chosen The focus of this discussion is on mental health. APA Citation and Article Summary Tirintica, A. R., Andjelkovic, I., Sota, O., Pirlog, M. C., Stoyanova, M., Mihai, A., & Wallace, N. (2018). Factors that influence access to mental health services in South-Eastern Europe. International journal of mental health systems , 12 (1), 1-8. In this article, Trintica et al. (2018) investigated factors that influence access to mental health services. The purpose of the study was to identify the causes of the first psychiatry consult and investigate patients’ perspectives on conditions that influence the reluctance in seeking mental health services and access in general. The results from the study indicated that the average profile of people who sought mental health services was: “married female older than 40 years, with an average economic status and no mental health history.” (Trinica et al., 2018, par. 4) The researchers identified three factors as the main influencers of delay and put the mean delay at three months. Causes of delay identified included stigmas surrounding the issue of mental health, lack of awareness in regards to mental health, and concerns about practices and remedies towards mental health problems. Study Sample The sample of this study comprised three different groups: patients, caregivers, and mental health professionals. The data was collected by the use of questionnaires: Two different types of questionnaires were issued to each participant. The first questionnaire collected information on demographics, decision-making processes, and reluctance, specifically for patients. The second questionnaire was comprised of questions aimed to find information on possible factors that influenced delay for the first psychiatric consult. Candidates for the study were required to meet the following conditions: attained the majority age and admitted to any psychiatric facility or accessed services within two years from the date when the study was conducted. In addition, have the ability to read, understand the contents of the questionnaire and respond appropriately. The estimated sample population of participants was 400 subjects, comprising of 100 “new cases.” Inferential Statistics Used For this study, the researchers used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as a preferred inferential statistical method. The use of ANOVA as an inferential statistics method instills a factor of generalization of findings (Jadcherl et al.,2010). The main reason for this is that the study investigated three sample populations which included patients, caregivers mental health professionals. Apart from that, the subject study is correlational with no dependent and independent variables. The selected inferential method is consistent with the recommendations of clinical research principles. They affirm the viability of ANOVA as a preferred inferential statistical method when dealing with more than three groups of samples (Gray et al., 2017; Shin, 2009; Surbhi, 2017). ANOVA was used to investigate the relationship between different factors (age, level of knowledge, demographics) and the period
Introduction Acute shortage of nurses over the last decade has characterized the National Health Services (NHS). The main cause of this shortage is the fact that there was an under investment in the nursing education during the 80s. It has therefore become essential for The British government to recruit nurses from Africa, Asia and the Caribbean in order to substitute the already ageing population of indigenous nurses. However despite the fact that Britain needs these nurses, measures to protect foreign nurses and other practitioners is still a far cry. (Lorraine, 2005) Though there is very little research of African’s nurses in the UK, it is known that ethnic minority nurses suffer discrimination but their precarious situations force them to endure discrimination among many other negative experiences that they undergo. Right from recruitment, training, orientation to employment and subsequent remuneration, ethnic minority nurses have experienced one or two forms of discrimination while working in the UK. Statement of the Problem A study carried out in Southern England showed that discrimination and denial of equal opportunities were the main problems experienced by the ethnic minority. An interview involving nurses showed that both white nurses and patients are cruel to the black nurses. It emerged that the white nurses and patients were not having trust in the services offered by the blacks even when their services were just the same. The British government has for the last five years been involved in recruiting trained nurses from former British colonies. (Lorraine, 2005) However the British government has not taken the necessary step to ensure that when the nurses come have a good working environment. There have been cases of white nurses being abusive to the blacks and the Asians. The victims however said that they had to endure undergoing such negative experiences since they feared being deported to their countries. However it also emerged that the foreign nurses were also benefiting from the professional experience they were getting. Given the prevailing situation that Britain is experiencing acute shortage of labour, there is need then to ensure that hired nurses from outside the country are treated with dignity they deserve because both the Britons and the nurses need each other. It is important to note here that nurses from different countries and continent have different forms of training and work experiences and so therefore there is need for consideration of orientation of the new nurses instead of them being looked down as non-performers. It is the National Health Services responsibility to make ensure that there are no any forms of discrimination and denial of equal opportunity taking place in Britain. (Kemshall, 2002) Aims The aim of study is to critically evaluate the issues of recruitment and selection within the NHS and to analyze the effectiveness of equal opportunity policy in UK organizations in solving discrimination problems to prom
Introduction The Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) is made up of six countries in the Arabian Gulf. The six countries are “Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, the United Arabs Emirates (UAE), Oman and Bahrain” (Al-Nasr 2011, p. 43). The GCC countries are similar in their use of the Arabic language, their Islamic region, their culture, and their Islamic civilization. Additionally, all six countries have massive oil wealth. Historically, women in the GCC have suffered gender imbalances, partly because of the predominant Islamic religion, which is perceived as requiring subservience of women. Dominant patriarchal practices have always treated women as being in a lower social position compared to men. This paper investigates the GCC women and their experience in transformation, especially as more of them gain an education and get into employment. The paper argues that the transformation is not complete because, although women are better educated, their rights and freedoms are still limited in areas such as access to employment, freedom to travel within and outside their countries, and/or freedom to choose which university degree courses to pursue. Problem statement While the transformation in the GCC countries has been widely discussed in literature, the experience of women in the transformation is still an under-researched issue. Yet, it would be expected that being the beneficiaries of positive transformations in their societies, women in the GCC would either have positive or negative experiences depending on whether they like and enjoy the new developments in their respective countries. Methodology This research paper will adopt a qualitative approach of study, where data will be obtained through a review of existing literature. Literature sources will include peer reviewed journals, books, internet-based articles and newspaper or magazine articles. The literature sources will be reviewed for validity, with the internet sources required to have authorship information and a date of publication. The analysis will be based on information obtained from the literature sources. Literature review GCC women born before the 1950s were widely an illiterate generation (Al-Nasr 2011). Additionally, they were subjected to inferior family duties that denied them a chance to become independent women, who would make other contributio
Introduction Cultural/ethnic identity refers to an individual’s identity based on the values, practices, customs, perceptions, and world views they hold (Bayart, 2005). Studies have revealed that cultural identities play important roles in influencing how people behave, act, interact, communicate, and think (Fishman & Garcia, 2010). On the other hand, they influence people’s sense of self and belonging. An individual’s identity can be based on many factors that include race, culture, or ethnicity. Research studies have revealed that ethnic identity influences one’s thinking, behavior, actions, feelings, perceptions, and interactions. Ethnic awareness, ethnic self-identification, ethnic attitudes, and ethnic behavior are important aspects of ethnic identity that people use for identification (Huntington, 2004). This paper will discuss the findings of an interview conducted involving an individual from the Asian culture. It will explore the individual’s definition of cultural identity, his family origin, most important cultural values, factors that contributed towards the development of cultural identity, and the interaction between the self and cultural identity. In addition, it will use theories of cultural identity to explain the findings and also present a personal reflection regarding the experience. Summary of interview The interviewee was of Asian descent. He defined his cultural identity as Asian and cited several values and ethnic markers that supported the claim. His cultural identity is critical to his overall wellbeing because it plays an important role in his life. For instance, it determines how he communicates and interacts with other people especially those from other ethnicities. According to him, the major aspects of Asian culture that distinguishes his group from other identifies include the importance of family, education, benevolence and obligation, endurance, and sacrifice. In Asian culture, family and education are important ethnic markers (Hu, 2012). This is evident from the exceptional performance exhibited by Asian students in American universities. In addition, they are admitted to high-status schools and high-paying jobs that are available to individuals who perform well academically. Benevolence is a critical component of Asian culture because of the emphasis it lays on the importance of developing consideration for others (Hu, 2012). Therefore, many people of Asian descent are benevolent and caring. On the other hand, the value of obligation exists in the form of hierarchy in relationships. People of Asian descent work very hard and have therefore developed the values of endurance and hard work. These values are evident in the economic success they have attained over the years since they first moved to the United States as immigrants. The family unit is an important Asian cultural aspect. The interviewee told me that each member has distinct roles that they are expected to fulfill. The Asian culture has special consideration for age and position. In any household, respect and honor is given based primarily on a person’s age. F
Osage, a low-income area outside of Morgantown, has been struggling with a range of economic issues over the past few decades (The U.S. Census Bureau, 2017). The families living there need extensive economic support and assistance to provide well-being for the community members and their children ( Morgantown, West Virginia (WV) poverty rate data , 2017). Scott’s Run Settlement House is the organization that has been offering extensive help in food and related economic issues. No child should go to bed hungry, and the events that the organization arranges help assist those in need. The last year’s party will take place on Saturday, December 12. Children are welcome to attend the event since they are going to be the focus of the attention this time. The personnel of Scott’s Run Settlement House has prepared gifts for the children of all residents, each present addressing the age-, gender-, and culture-related needs of each child (Scott’s Run Settlement House, 2017). The organization stresses that the help that they provide is crucial to the well-being of the community members: “This party always helps make the holidays special for children who might not otherwise receive presents or have much of a celebration,” said Mrs. Shannon Miller, Volunteer Coordinator. “The community always helps us put on a good time, and we are counting on them to come through again.” The people working at Scott’s Run Settlement House believe that every child deserves having presents and offers the community members an opportunity to bring more joy into their children’s lives. Every contribution matters, which is why the staff members of Scott’s Run Settlement House welcome everyone to join the party and contribute to the organization of the event. As long as all community members cooperate, premises for a significant social improvement can be created.
The rock and music pop scene were introduced to and gained popularity on television through massive hit shows for teenagers. The three primary ones were Where the Action Is on CBS, Shinding on ABC, and Hullabaloo on NBC. As more households had access to televisions along with the growth of widespread range of programming, including musical ones, the television played a significant role in distributing the music to the public. The bands that appeared on these hit TV shows went on to see significant success in the charts. The television shows helped to articulate the new sort of youth music culture and almost became a star-making mechanism in a relationship and profits that the music and television industries shared. Some bands, such as the Monkees, the American response to the Beatles, were created with the purpose of television performance as their acting and on-camera comfort as a group were initially prioritized over music. However, the Monkees’ music took off astronomically beyond anyone’s expectations. Nevertheless, they were a band groomed by the entertainment industry with an emphasis on television performances which took away much of the authenticity, even when compared to their counterparts The Beatles, who although made visual content, focused on their own music strongly (Covach and Flory 212). Television drastically went on to change the landscape of the music industry. First, a split formed among artists and fans, with one side focusing on the pop-oriented, performance-focused television music, while the other, typically older audience was drawn to serious-minded music of rock which continued to be played on the radio rather than TV. Television also brought about the phenomenon of fictious bands, such as the popular Archies, a cartoon drawn band popular with young teens (Covach and Flory 214). This has never been done before and similarly created a new genre of music-television entertainment. However, until the advent of cable-network of television resulting in dedicated channels such as MTV, the television phenomenon in the 1960s had its limitations. Most TV sets at the time had poor audio and visual quality, and as recording and radio sound quality improved with hi-fi recording and FM, the disparities were noticeable. Television is not by nature of design a sound medium, and the musical experience is meant to be enveloping leading to the split in the fanbase, where younger audiences who generally cared less about sound quality appreciated the visual medium to their music (Frith 279). Work Cited Covach, John, and Andrew Flory. What’s That Sound? New York, W.W. Norton & Company, 2018. Frith, Simon. “Look! Hear! The Uneasy Relationship of Music and Television.” Popular Music , vol. 21, no. 3, 2002, pp. 277–290.
The Book of Job is a poetic book included in the Old Testament. As its authors are not specified, the date of writing is not clear as well. It describes Job, a prosperous man who has wealth and a lot of children. However, Job is an obedient and generous man; he feels contempt to inequity, heathenry, and lie. Nevertheless, when Satan comes to God and asks his permission to test the Job’s loyalty and faith, God agrees, and the devil takes away Job’s wealth, children, and health. When Job’s friends, Eliphaz, Zophar, and Bildad, come, they persuade Job to repent his errors as God punishes only sinners and helps righteous people. Despite the friends’ suasions, Job refuses to repent or curse God as he does not view himself as a person who perpetrated outrages. Although he immeasurably suffers, he continues to believe in God’s just. The fourth friend, Elihu, suggests that God knows better about everything, and Job should stay devoted and trust His actions. At the end of the Book, God explains to Job that every creature in the world has its mission, only He knows the reason of all events, and people should unquestionably trust their God as loyalty is above all (Fox 2018, 7). For his loyalty, Job was awarded health, more children, wealth, and long life. The Book of Job
The phrase solar calendar refers to a calendar with features that are connected to the solar system. I more precise terms, a solar calendar has its dates fixed in line with the position of the earth on its axis as it goes around the sun. The movement of the earth around the sun is called revolution. Also, a solar calendar can be determined by the position of the sun on its celestial sphere. A combination of the equinox features through the cutting of the celestial sphere by the orbit of the earth presents a scenario that matches with the positions of the sun. This position results in a uniform predictable set of seasons. The calendar that emerges from these seasons is called the tropical solar calendar (Seidelmann1992, pp.29-33). The underlying feature here is that the sun is shifting locations between the tropic of cancer and the tropic of Capricorn. In this essay, different types of the solar calendar will be named and one main solar calendar will be discussed. There are numerous solar calendars. As much as these calendars may be known by different names, they are all the same in terms of the number of days in the year as well as the seasons. There are no significant variations among these solar calendars. What are the names of these solar calendars? The Gregorian solar calendar is the most famous. Then there is the Julian solar calendar, the Thai solar calendar, the Iranian solar calendar, the Baha’i solar calendar, and the Hindu solar calendar. Other solar calendars include the one that is used by the Coptic Church and the one used by Sri Lanka. The one used by the Coptic Church is called the Coptic solar calendar while the one utilized by the people of Sri Lanka is called the Tamil solar calendar (Seidelmann1992, pp.32-36). The Gregorian solar calendar has been identified as the most famous. Why is it so? The Gregorian Solar Calendar This is the calendar that is used in the world today. It got its name from a Roman Catholic Church pope called Pope Gregory the thirteenth (Duncan1999, pp.21-23). He is the one who made the changes from the lunar calendar that the Roman Catholic Church was using and the Julian calendar that the rest of the world was using at the time. The Gregorian calendar was a blend of the lunar calendar features and the Julian calendar elements. Historians have not shied away from disclosing that Pope Gregory did not have any idea that was implemented in the Gregorian calendar. A doctor from Calabria who is not well known is the one who took his time to come up with the long-sought solution to the problem of matching the seasons with the Julian calendar as well as the lunar calendar. Both these calendars had failed to achieve this. This doctor, named Aloysius Lilius made several adjustments to the Julian calendar but the most outstanding one was that each year marking the end of one hundred years or a century and is divisible by four hundred is also rightfully called a leap year (Duncan1999, pp.56-58). All these reforms were implemented by Pope Grego