ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Wal-Mart is the largest retail outlet. It was founded in 1962, and since then, it has grown at an exponential rate. It has expanded its business globally by opening stores, Sam’s clubs and Supercenters all over the world (Wal-Mart Stores, 2009). It is follows the everyday low pricing strategy and hence provides the lowest prices to its customers. I am the Human Resource Manager and I am responsible for taking care of the employees. My responsibilities include looking over the recruitment process, training, and performance appraisal. Communication is very important within an organization. Any message, instruction, suggestion, request etc must be spread and not kept to oneself, and only the process of communication allows this to happen. It helps the organization become efficient and successful (Thompson, S.). Although it may seem like Wal-Mart has a very good communication system if one looks at its efficient inventory control system. However, the problem that will be discussed in this paper is communication internally and externally, more specifically, communication with the employees and the public (Adubato, S., n.d). Identification of Problem The problem that Wal-Mart is facing is organizational. Wal-Mart pays so much attention to their everyday low pricing strategy that it has lost touch with the internal and external environment
Gheorghe Virtosu remains one of the most influential figures in art circles, given his contributions to the development of artistic expression in various Luxembourg, Amsterdam, and London, among other areas. Virtosu is credited for producing several transformative paintings including the “Female Samurai Warrior” in 2017 and “Master of the Waters”, both of which attempt to loosen the grip of censorship through their expressions (Virtosu 2). Over the years, the Moldovan-born British national has cut a niche for himself as a significant force in the abstraction movement, given his production of widely acclaimed art pieces. Virtosu draws substantial inspiration from his checkered past characterized by several hardships, including his stint in incarceration in France (Virtosu 2). The self-taught artist took up both writing and painting during this troubled period when he endured the problem of isolation from the outside world. Virtosu’s contribution to painting art has received significant recognition, given his unique approach to the application of abstract art as a form of expression. Importantly, his art pieces such as the Female Samurai Warrior incorporate a rich blend of pigment that helps to enhance the visual qualities of the painting. Through abstract paintings, Virtosu continues to explore different concepts on subject matters that can neither be seen nor understood. The Expressive Theory provides a better understanding of the approach taken by Virtosu in his expression of a given reality as visualized in his paintings. According to the theory, which critique
Gross Domestic Product (GDP), according to Kapoor and Dibroy, mostly indicates the standard of living for a given society and measures the total output of the economy of a given country, but it does not focus on other essential factors that happen outside the market such as education, health, levels of unemployment, leisure, and quality of the environment. The positive and negative effects that the community or society has on some of these outputs is also not mentioned by how GDP may affect a higher quality of life. In the case of Qatar which had a GDP of $ 127, 000 in 2018 and South Sudan which had a GDP of just $275, only considers the official GDP figures and has failed to consider other some of the external factors. In a country such as Qatar most people are employed in the formal sector and specific working hours including normal wages are guaranteed due to the assurance of the job. Employees, therefore, work for licensed organization that are recognized by the government and hence pay taxes or are liable to paying taxes. Through this, a nation like Qatar will have a higher GDP as the income of workers is reflected in the GDP report even though health, environmental and living standards are not mentioned or considered (Kapoor and Dibroy). A country like Southern Sudan is amongst the poorest countries in the world hence the number of formal sectors is lower than informal sectors. Informal sector is not guaran
Introduction Since the mid-twentieth century, the development of healthcare in the world has taken place under the sign of intensive reorganization. Despite significant differences in the resource endowment of national health systems, their organization and efficiency, the reasons that led to the need for change, were primarily due to the lack of funding. Low living standards, poor health indicators, increased mortality, and threats of the spread of infectious diseases were the main reasons for changes in the healthcare of developing countries. Main Text Therefore, the value of analyzing the political successes and failures of other states lies in an opportunity to assess the relationship of the reforms with the development indicators of this industry and its quality. This evaluation may help draw conclusions regarding the level of domestic medicine and provide important data concerning potential positive changes. At the national level, most European countries have been implementing the principle of equal access to medical help regardless of people’s capacity and ability to pay for services for the past thirty years. Thus, the share of the population whose healthcare costs are paid for with public funding is increasing. Systems of preferential financing from the budget are in place in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (“Countries with free or universal healthcare,” n.d.). This experience is successful, and following such a path of development contributes to a freer access of the population to medical services. Bahrain and Sudan have developed a structure of community-based PHC as the entry point of the healthcare system (Van Weel et al., 2017). This sector in India is overtly privatized, with more than 78% of care provided by the private sector and public investment (Van Weel et al., 2016, p. e000057). These indicators, conversely, demonstrate the inability of the local government to create a sustainable system of sponsoring healthcare, which affects access to medical services negatively. Conclusion When developing a domestic healthcare system, the experience of the aforementioned countries may be a useful background. For instance, improving the public financing system will expand the access of the population to the services of medical employees, while the privatization of this industry can limit this criterion. Therefore, the analysis of the successes and failures of other states plays an important role as a stimulus that helps avoid mistakes and improve current achievements.
Edward Hopper’s Nighthawks was drawn in 1942 and catches the oddity of dejection in metropolitan life. It is an existential emergency where a gathering of people fall prey to the disengaging quietness of New York City. Hopper’s comprehension of the expressive prospects of light playing on worked on shapes gives the composition its magnificence. Specialty of the 1940s starts with pictures of war and the American Depression. The work is the reaction to the besieging of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and the passage of the United States into World War II (Lasch & Dionne, 2018). The setting subsequently transmits around a city in a real sense and metaphorically obscured by emergency. Sharp glaring lights drain onto the obscured roads of New York City, while four strangers lounge around the counter of a late-night burger joint. Individuals on the work of art are truly close yet mentally miles separated. The artist’s famous painting uncovers individuals’ failure to interface in the mid 1940s (Lasch & Dionne, 2018). Nighthawks portrays not just the harsh distance of living in an enormous city, yet the neurosis that held the United States after the 1941 Pearl Harbor assault (Dossin, 2017). Tensions longer than a subsequent assault covered the city like the continuous power outage penetrates New York and its inhabitants were exposed to. There is no way to enter the coffee shop, the occasion is happening outside. This typifies the underrepresented job of the forlorn New Yorker blinded by bright shades. It tends to be seen that the characters’ hands are almost contacting, eyes are almost meeting, and mouths are almost talking (Martin & Jacobus, 2018). Hopper’s private setting impeccably epitomizes the estranging truth of life in the large city. His decision to portray an intersection absolutely mirrors the void between actual closeness and the powerlessness to genuinely interface in current metropolitan environments. Image 1. Edward Hopper’s Nighthawks (1942)
Introduction Integrating society in the course of ending separation amongst the races. It is important especially in the United States to prevent discrimination in the country. Integration of the society was longed focused and started by the American Civil Rights Movements. The vital issues for the movements were to fight for equalities in all aspects of life including; Equal educational chances for all, desegregation of the military, and equal treatment of all the citizens. The paper below deliberates on the challenges of having an integrated society. Main body The increased diversity of American society has resulted in a difficult subject connecting the educational system, economic wealth, and racial percentages. The issue of an integrated society is a test to society because there is more segregation than five to four decades ago. This is because millions of non-white students are locked out of the educational system. Due to economic constrictions and discriminative policies, many non-white students school up to high school and many do not graduate. The non-white students are uneducated, few attend colleges and universities hence their futures in the economic workforce chances are limited. Lack of education is a source of lack of empowerment to the society thus making the non-white students lack a future in the society. The case of Ho Win v. San Francisco mentioned the case of racial discrimination as required by the 1983 consent. The parents of the Chinese students in America argued that it had resulted in an increasing trend of racial discrimination. This is because the decree does not allow schools in San Francisco city to register more than 50% of anyone ethnic group. As oppo
Introduction Cold War was a period in world history where the tension between the United States of America and the Soviet Union was at its peak. The counties and their respective allies were fighting for global influence in the fields of politics and economy. The Cold War was not waged with armies or weapons, as all the participants had access to powerful tools of mass destruction capable of incinerating much of the world’s population in minutes. It was the time when the world was closest to total annihilation. The War reached its peak around 1948-53, with the danger of a global catastrophe being closer than ever. Nationalism There were 3 primary participants in the Cold War, the three nations playing the biggest part in it’s events. During WW2 the rivalry for global domination and the threat of Nazi violence made it difficult for courtiers to see eye to eye. One of the key characters to improve the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States was Franklin Roosevelt. Due to his attitudes and approaches, Americans were able to work in tandem with the Soviets against a common enemy. One of the problems facing Roosevelt was that the common perception of the Soviet Union was largely negative. Roosevelt was largely in favor of working with the Russian Government, seeing the alliance between the big three as beneficial (Weiss, 2012). He held Stalin in high regard and considered him an ally for establishing a democratic rule in the world (Weiss, 2012). Roosevelt is quoted to say: “I just have a hunch that Stalin is not that kind of man. Harry [Truman] says he’s not… I think that if I give him everything I possibly can, and ask nothing from him in return… he won’t try to annex anything and will work with me for a world of democracy and peace” (Quotations: Origins of the Cold War 2019). Winston Churchill was the Prime minister of Great Britain during the times of the Cold War. The period signified a time of tribulations for many, and Churchill was one of the people able to predict its occurrence. Churchill is recorded as stating: “We and all nations, stand at this hour in human history, before the portals of supreme catastrophe and of measureless reward. My faith is that in God’s mercy we shall choose aright” ( Winston Churchill and the Cold War ). Churchill felt like his country was caught in-between the struggle of two extremely powerful nations, and leaned towards a peaceful resolution that would satisfy both parties. He believed that the wellbeing and safety of Europe could be balanced with Russia’s desire for influence, saying “I do not believe that the immense problem of reconciling the security of Russia with the freedom and safety of Western Europe is insoluble…” (Winston Churchill and the Cold War) . With the defeat of Nazi Germany, the alliance of the three nations crumbled, and Russia began to solidify ins influence in Europe. Stalin, as the leader of the Soviet Union, was heavily opposed to capitalism and saw communism as a better approach to leading the nation. His main prioriti
Client Identification Problem Statement Client B. C. has been experiencing emotional issues (anxiety and difficulties developing an appropriate coping mechanism) due to the recent loss of his father. The patient, therefore, lacks the ability to manage his emotions and handle the pressure of his new responsibilities. The absence of social support aggravates the problem. Associated Issues Low energy, short attention span, anger, self-isolation, and avoidance can be deemed as the primary comorbid issues. Despite the fact that Patient B. C. defined himself as Catholic, religion does not play a significant role in his life. There is also the lack of peer support that makes the problem even bigger. The client has a criminal record (graffiti, shoplifting). Suggested Actions It is recommended that the client should develop an efficient symptom management strategy. Particularly, the development of coping skills is crucial. Thus, the foundation for a positive outcome can be built. Potential Barriers The lack of cooperation from the client due to anger management problems can be viewed as the primary issue to be expected. Furthermore, the problems with restoring the relationships between the patient and the community may need to be addressed. Finally, the client is not ready to make changes to his life, which is bound to be a significant impediment. Vignette The patient (Client B. C.) is a 16-year-old heterosexual Hispanic man who has been suffering from a behavioral disorder and substance (marijuana and alcohol) abuse. Client B. C. has no known allergies, medical issues, or health concerns linked to the family background. There have been no mental health problems registered up until today, either. There have been no suicidal or homicidal tendencies registered. The client is currently in the 11 th grade. Though there are no evident school problems, Client B. C.’s academic score has dropped greatly. Because of the instances of shoplifting and graffiti, Client B. C. has a criminal record at the Juvenile Court. The patient has been sentenced to 50 hours or community service. Client B. C. has recently lost his father, who also had a substance abuse issue (alcoholism). With his mother and a little sister, he feels the weight of responsibilities, assuming that he currently is the breadwinner of the family. The fact that he has three younger sisters adds to the overall feeling of responsibility that Patient B. C. is experiencing. The following issues have been reported by Client B. C. and his mother: anxiety, short attention span, lack of motivation, low energy, isolates self at times, and abnormal sleeping patterns. Client B. C. is aware of his problems and recognizes the significance of learning. Core Clinical Hypotheses Hypothesis A: Avoidance of specific emotions Patient B.C. tends to hide his despair and pain under the veneer of anger. Furthermore, Patient B. C. seems to resent the very
An active galactic nucleus (ANG) is an area in the center of a galaxy characterized by enormously high luminosity appearing as a result of excessive emission of radio, microwave, optical, ultra-violet, infrared, gamma rays, and X-rays making AGNs the most persistent sources of electromagnetic radiation (Netzer 365). In 1970, researchers discovered the area that they called Sagittarius A – a source of radio emissions situated in the center of a Milky Way Galaxy. It required several decades of close observation and evidence collection to hypothesize that this compact region was a supermassive black hole (SMBH). This led astronomers to the conclusion that every huge galaxy in the Universe should feature the same phenomenon (Beckmann and Shrader 13). It was found out that most of the time, these holes are inactive and invisible to direct observation; however, when material falls inside of them, they start emitting huge amounts of radiation making ANGs more luminous than all the stars of the galaxy taken together. These areas are currently the major argument proving the existence of supermassive black holes (Beckmann and Shrader 13). The paper at hand is going to dwell upon the essence of the phenomenon, its types, and methods of detection. Description of the Phenomenon Even though AGNs are the best evidence of SMBH existence, it would be wrong to assume that its tremendous bursts of luminosity come from the holes as such: over a course of time, it became clear to researchers that it is impossible to even for light to escape the Event Horizon of SMBH (Netzer 367). The search for the source of emissions has given rather surprising results: it turned out that all the rays (radio, microwave, optical, ultra-violet, infrared, gamma rays, and X-rays) are emitted from cold matter (including gas and dust) orbiting SMBH and forming accretion discs that feed the holes. The gravity force of the area is so unbelievably
Introduction Eat Pray Love is a movie that shows real life story of Elizabeth Gilbert, a young woman of 32 years old. She has made several achievements in her life since she married a loving husband, has a wonderful house and a satisfying career as a writer. Although she has a good family, she finds herself lost in the quest of experiencing real meaning of marriage and family because at some point she cries and yearn for something mysterious, something she cannot tell or define. In search of the true meaning of life, Elizabeth painfully divorces her husband and starts her journey to explore the world. She first visits Italy where she has pleasure in eating, she then proceeds to India where she uses her time praying and meditating and finally she goes to Indonesia where she finds her true love (Murphy Para. 1). Elizabeth Gilbert’s experiences in the Eat Pray Love movie, relates strongly to the Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs as explored in this work. Elizabeth Gilbert Experiences Based on the Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, Elizabeth has already surpassed the physiological needs, security needs and social needs. In the physiological needs, she has a good house, enough food and sex since she is married. She has also satisfied her security needs because she has a successful career as a writer. In the case of her social needs, she is married and a wonderful family where her needs of love, belonging and affection are satisfied. Elizabeth is struggling in her marriage to satisfy her esteem needs, which is the fourth hierarchy needs according to Maslow. She feels lost, confused and unsatisfied in her marriage for her esteem needs such as self-esteem, sense of accomplishment and personal worth are unsatisfied. In pursuit of her needs, she divorces her husband and embarks on a journey, searching to fulfill her needs. Due to stress and depression resulting from painful divorce, Elizabeth first visits Italy where she derives enough pleasure in eating and drinking to relieve herself from the ordeal of divorce. After recovering from the divorce ordeal, she focuses on attaining the esteem needs by indulging in pleasure, which makes her happy and confident that she has gained self-esteem, social acceptance and sense of accomplishment. Fernando explains that, “the four lower levels are grouped together as deficiency needs associated with physiological needs, while the top level is termed growth needs associated with psychological needs” (15). The deficiency needs are necessary for a better life while growth needs are responsible for shaping behavior. Elizabeth achieves her physiological needs whilst in Italy and continues with her journey into India in search of further fulfillment of psychological needs as she intends to change her life. Elizabeth leaves Italy a happy woman for fulfilling her achievements in pleasure and goes to India where she practices prayer and meditation in order to satisfy her spiritual needs as one of the psychological needs in the Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs. According to Hawks, there are two dimensions of spirituality, “Internal spiritual health seems to provide the individual with life purpose
Bacteria are generally classified as gram positive or gram negative bacteria based on how they respond to use of dyes (Gram Stain) used in staining in the process of identifying them. Gram positive bacteria have the outer region of their cell wall made of peptidoglycan and the innermost region made up plasma membrane. Peptidoglycan is very prominent among the prokaryotic bacteria. It guarantees them the rigid structure. It is made up of a compound N-acetyl glucosamine (NAD) and N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM). This compounds interlock with each other. Peptidoglycan makes up 90% of the entire composition of the gram positive bacteria cell wall. Gram negative bacteria cell wall is made up of the outer membrane, the peptidoglycan, and the plasma membrane. Peptidoglycan in gram negative bacteria makes only 5 % of the entire composition of the cell wall. The outer membrane in gram negative bacteria is made up of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The outer membrane is less permeable unlike that in gram positive bacteria. Peptidoglycan in gram negative bacteria unlike in gram positive bacteria is sandwiched between the outer region of the wall and the plasma membrane. Periplasm, a space between plasma membrane and cell wall helps in controlling substances that get into and out of the cell (Cowan and Talaro, 2008, p.12). This essay seeks to critically look at how the composition of the bacterial cell composition determines the type of antimicrobial agent used against it. Linking of the interpeptides and the peptidoglycan is gravely impaired by the activities of penicillin and cephalosporin. However, the lipopolysaccharides make it extremely difficult for the antimicrobial agents to reach the peptidoglycan of the gram negative bacteria. Penicillin and cephalosporin effectively act on gram positive bacteria because they do not have LPS, hence direct access of the antimicrobial agents to the peptidoglycan. Activities of penicillin and cephalosporin are greatly enhanced when the bacterial cell wall they are working on has weak cross-linkages of peptidoglycan. Beta-lactam antibiotics are normally used because they block the division of cyanobacteria, bacteria, glaucophytes photosynthetic organelles, and bryophyte chloroplasts. Interestingly, beta-lactam antibiotics cannot act on higher plants plastid. Beta lactam antibiotics have some structural similarity with the bacterial NAG and NAM cross linkages hence ease of mimicking. The NAG and NAM D-alanyl-D-alanine similarity to beta lactam make it possible for them to bind to penicillin binding protein (PBPs) active si