ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The structure and design of advertizing images is aimed at attracting attention of wide audience and producing desiring gaze in them by creating personal associations and the illusion of privacy and intimacy for every viewer. The architecture of advertisement images works to isolate the viewers, depriving them of the sense of community. The architecture of contemporary ads addresses every single spectator, producing the false impression of pleasurable and bound desire. This paper analyzes the visual texts and the commodity signals of the two contemporary advertisements, exploring the relationship between seeing, selling, and buying in every potential customer. The first advertisement under consideration is an advertisement of a clothing company Everlast dated to 2006 depicting a young boy with a cigarette in his mouth. This image is an example of unsuccessful attempt of producing the desiring gaze because the ad has been criticized for the promotion of smoking and banned by the Australian Advertizing Standards Bureau. Disregarding all the promises of the clothing company to remove the ad due to the moral considerations, it appeared on a number of billboards and posters. Still, the mechanism between seeing the ad and buying the commodity did not work, and the scenario used by advertisers was not able to produce the desiring gaze in viewers. The chosen scenario can be compliant with the logo of the company, saying that nothing soft comes out from the Bronx. Still, the image of a boy who screwed up his eyes and a policeman close to him is not pleasurable and does not produce the impression of privacy and intimacy. The commodity signals, including the smoking boy who is obviously a young prisoner, the policeman and the police office in the background of the ad cannot be associated with positive branding of the company. Disregarding the widely spread excitement with the negative characters, the negative branding is expected to create negative associations without any personal links with the character depicted in the advertisement. Cronin (2004) noted that “Advertising is thought to enliven the commodity, to spark an
Introduction The Industrial Revolution was a shift from manual to large-scale machine factory production that transformed the world economy. This process began in England in the late 18th century and spread to other European countries, the United States and Japan (More, 2000). Various concepts such as industrialization, capitalism, and slavery are interconnected with the Industrial Revolution. While this period enabled people to manufacture goods and improve the living standards of some groups, it also resulted in appalling working conditions and violence for others. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Industrial Revolution and the new forms of economic activity it created, including mass production and mass consumption, as well as discuss its connection to slavery. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution can be seen as an important turning point in history as it had a remarkable impact on most aspects of people’s everyday life. The process began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and gradually brought the economy of the US and many European countries to a new level. The introduction of machines and mass production resulting from industrialization caused more individuals to move from rural areas to cities, which shifted the focus from agriculture as the main economic driver. Instead, industries such as manufacturing, building, and mining were becoming more widespread. Besides, according to More (2000), “the revolution lay not in the speed, but in the shift from a hitherto inevitable correlation between increasing population and declining income per person” (p. 15). As More (2000) reports, in turn, an increase of around 25% in income per person was seen across the economy between 1780 and 183
Project-based approach has been regarded as an indispensable element of teaching in the USA as well as many other countries. This paradigm interests me immensely as I intend to exploit it in my career. I would like to add that I have understood advantages of this approach when I was a pupil as I loved working on projects. Clearly, at present, I have to focus on the other side of project-based learning. It is essential to provide proper instructions and supervise the process accordingly (Arthur et al. 380). This is the terrain that presents a great number of opinions and opportunities. As has been mentioned above, I have understood merits of the use of projects in the middle school. However, I used to have doubts that young children could benefit from this approach as well. Now, I see that projects have to be incorporated in the curriculum in first grades. It is noteworthy that Helm and Katz provide a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the approach. For me, the book has become a background for my further research on the matter. The authors stress that the process consists of several stages that have to be thoroughly planned and carried out by the teacher (Helm and Katz 12). There is extensive research on the matter and it has been proven that first-graders as well as preschoolers benefit from the use of projects (Mitchell et al. 339). Notably, projects can be classroom-based, and they may be extended to reach the community (Twigg and Garvis 195). The book provides insights into each element of the approach including a detailed account of the phases of the process. Notably, many researchers focus on the development of particular strategies applicable during each stage. Clearly, preparation can be quite challenging as it is crucial to take into account students’ needs, interests and backgrounds (Beneke and Ostrosky). The second phase is the period when students discover answers to their questions. They can find the necessary information during field trips. Importantly, the teacher has to make sure that students acquire the necessary representation skills that include (but are not confined to) drawing, making models, dramatic play, collages, painting, block building (Kogan and Pin). Of course, effective completion is also vital as it develops students’ interest to other projects as well as their desire to achieve academic goals in the future. I understood that the culminating event or activity was essential, but I never thought of the importance of analysis of the whole project, or rather I did not pay attention to this part. Importantly, the approach is especially effective when it comes to diverse classes (Beneke and Ostrosky). Therefore, it is applicable and desirable in the contemporary US classrooms as diversity is one of the primary characteristics of US students. It is also important to add that parents should take an active part in the process (Helm and Katz 6). The teacher has to provide parents with the necessary instructions and encourage them to get involved as they often erroneously think that they should not participate in their children’s learning. I have always tried to make parents invol
Introduction “Atlas Shrugged” is a passionate appeal for the liberation of human mind as ‘mystics of spirit’ and ‘mystics of muscle’ denies the mind’s role in human life, and Ayn Rand challenges the long-held belief that human beings should simply follow their heart. Being an ardent follower of Aristotle, Rand views the world as made up of individual entities, and understands causality as the relationship between an entity and the actions necessitated by its nature. Her philosophy is based on a close look at the history of scientific, technological, and Industrial Revolutions of nineteenth century, and understanding of the benefits of political/economic freedom of the capitalist system that could carry the nation to prosperity and greatness. The picture of United States in Atlas Shrugged is heavily dominated by an unselfish moral code, a collectivist dictatorship, which holds that an individual has no right to his life, but must serve society. The cult of John Galt uphold a system of limited government and political/economic freedom, a tolerant society that liberates the great creative minds to develop new ideas and products, free from exploitation by the dictators. Rand combines metaphysics, morality, economics, politics, and sex, and with the characterization of Ragnar Ranneskjold, and other lot of John Galt tries to show the bond between metaphysics and economics in Atlas Shrugged. In this context, the deep moral meaning of the statement of Ragnar Ranneskjold that “Robin Hood is the man he is out to destroy” has to be analyzed on the hypothesis of Rand’s philosophy of “metaphysical realism.” Discussion Rand saw human products as physical manifestation of human spirituality and her view that there should be no divide between mind and body, between ideas and actions. Rand draws a sharp difference between the man made and the metaphysically given, as metaphysical phenomenon cannot be judged. The hypothesis of Rand’s philosophy is called “metaphysical realism,” which states that “in reality, the external world, exists independent of man’s consciousness, is to perceive reality not to create or invent it. Rand adopted the genus of good fiction writing in Atlas Shrugged, as the conflicts of her extremely willful characters are built powerfully throughout the story, until they are finally resolved in a climax that demonstrates the theme. Her theme is the
Introduction Quality management emerged as a strategic objective for organizations to remain competitive in a highly uncertain and shifting business environment characterized by swift technological advances, shorter product life cycles, intense global competition, rising customer expectations, and the immediacy of the need to reduce management and operational costs (Lee et al., 2006; Soltani et al., 2008). In the pursuit of excelling in this competitive environment, global organizations are increasingly implementing a wide range of quality initiatives intended to address a broad spectrum of issues, such as improving process capability, ensuring customer satisfaction, business process re-engineering, enhancing delivery speed, and making the production or service capacity more flexible and customer-oriented (Cheng, 2009). This paper purposes to discuss a range of quality management frameworks, and critically evaluate how they are applied by PineBreeze medical clinic to enhance its profitability and competitive advantage. Review of Quality Management Frameworks Despite the wealth of literature on quality management, few researchers and organizational theorists interested in the area can articulate specifically what it is meant by the term ‘quality’, making it even more difficult to come up with a universal definition of what quality management really entails (Soltani et al., 2008). As a matter of fact, most professionals and quality organizations has resulted to using various themes to define quality management, leading to ambiguity of the principles that are used to evaluate quality management in organizations according to the existing quality management frameworks (Bandyopadhyay & Hayes, 2009). This paper will utilize a definition by the British Quality Association (BQA), which revolves around the variables of customer satisfaction, culture of excellence, continuous improvement, removal of performance barriers and errors, teamwork, training, and employee involvement (Soltani et al., 2008). There exists a variety of international and national quality management frameworks that are mostly used to either reward or certify organizations according to how much they have worked towards satisfying the above named variables, otherwise referred in this paper as quality initiatives. Some of the frameworks are briefly discussed below: The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Established in 1987 by the United States Congress to set a national-wide standard for quality excellence, the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) is specifically “…designed to promote awareness of quality as an increasing important element in competitiveness, understanding of the requirements for quality excellence, and sharing of information on successful quality strategies and the benefits derived from the implementation of those strategies” (Magued, 2006, p. 198). The MBNQA was modelled on the Deming Prize, which had been tried and perfected in Japan from as early as the 1950s (Yang, 2009). The MBN
Background Information Comcast and NBCU Comcast Corporation is a leading company in the entertainment, information and communication industry. The company is located at One Comcast Center in Philadelphia. Since 1963, its major business has been management and operations of cable systems. This covers cable connections namely provision of video, voice and internet services to domestic customers and business establishments in Columbia and 39 countries (Bake 2). Other services are Cable complex, broadcast television, Screen entertainment, funfairs as well as Comcast Spectator. Ideally, Comcast Spectator subsidiary companies are Ovations Food Services, a food service establishment for sports and concerts. Philadelphia Flyers, Wells Fargo Centre a versatile arena in Philadelphia, and Global Spectrum that deals in facilities administration. Some of Comcast’s achievements in 2011 include; a rise in merged earnings to $55.8 billion, consolidated working returns of 34.3% rose to $10.7 billion. A closure of NBCU Universal deal saw Comcast Corporations reap revenue of $14.5 billion and operating income of $1.4 billion. Its clientele vary from cable subscribers, internet clients to digital voice clients. Conversely, NBC Universal, a global leading media and leisure company is involved in the growth, creation and promotion of entertainment, reports and information universally. NBC Universal is the holder and controller of various television networks, a company involved in motion picture. It is also involved in television productions and controls media stations along with a universally known theme park. It was initiated in May 2004 after General Electric merged with Vivendi Universal Entertainment. NBC Universal is based in Rockefeller Plaza in New York. Its predecessor is Music Corporation of America. NBCU’S hosts such shows as The Tonight Show, Saturday Night Live and Sunday Night Football (Saari 7). Merger In January 2011, Comcast merged with NBC Universal and attained 51 percent of General Electric’s NBC Universal. Upon merger, the two formed NBC Universal LLC dealing in such assets as wire channels, theme parks and a movie studio. The transaction was not really a merger but an acquisition as General Electric would remain a minority in the shareholding. This means that Comcast controlled the venture and would buy General Electric’s interests in the next eight years. Upon merger, the new body will have a board of five members, three from Comcast and two from General Electricals. The merger set out to start a new airing method known as TV Everywhere. This means that the customers wo
There is no secret that of all complicated mechanisms existing, the one of a human brain must be the most sophisticated one. Even though some major discoveries were made, they were still the tip of the iceberg until Jean Piaget came with his theory of cognitive development. Explaining in details how the process of learning takes place and splitting it in several key phases, Piaget helped the humankind understand the manner in which the cognitive process takes place. In addition, one of the obvious elements of cognition, which is moral reasoning (Verderber, Sellnow and Verderber 425), is emphasized by Piaget. Taking a closer look at the theory and the way it is implemented in real life, one can possibly understand the logics of Piaget’s arguments and learning the place that moral reasoning takes in the given chain or ideas. To start with, it is necessary to mention that the process of cognition, in Piaget’s interpretation, is split into four stages. As McLeod explains, these are the “sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational” (McLeod para. 8) stages; and, since “there is always interaction between ourselves and objects” (TESLAPPE), as Piaget himself explained it, the four are completely inseparable. The first one, sensorimotor stage, presupposes that the child identify an object with the help of the five senses, thus, recognizing its basic characteristics. As Piaget himself put it, “We can see that the child does not draw what he sees. He draws the idea of it. He draws what he knows of it” (TESLAPPE). The above-mentioned can be traced in one of the numerous examples of how a child reacts to a certain irritant. For instance, when a child pays attention to a rattle toy, as it is shown in the video by jenningh, the sensorimotor stage of the cognition process is reached. Even though the child does not seem to be interested in the toy much, as it is shown in the video, he still recognizes it, and it becomes clear that whenever he hears this sound next time, he will be aware of the fact that there is a rattle toy somewhere in the vicinity. Moreover, the baby will have the image of a rattle toy in his mind when hearing the familiar sound, thus, forming an idea about the source of the noise. The next stage will be the preoperational one. At the given stage, the child is not ready yet to think in a symbolic manner, but offers very basic knowledge about the way a certain phenomenon happens or the way a certain object functions. The given stage can be considered a link between the materialistic perception of a certain thing and abstract thinking. If considering this process from Piaget’s perspective, one must admit that there is a certain artistic touch to the given stage. As Piaget comments on the given process, “knowledge is always an assimilation or interpretation” (TESLAPPE); therefore
Abstract Criminal profiling provides means by which the field of investigation can be narrowed. By analyzing and focusing on a particular behavior and personal characteristics, it is possible to identify the most likely individual who committed the crime. Criminal profiling is a combination of both arts and science that forms a unique investigative technique. Crimes that mostly require criminal profiling include rape, murder, and pedophilia. Assessments from crime scenes can shed light to help identify the perpetrator. The main objective is to ensure that the perpetrator is apprehended and convicted for the crime committed. Many criminals have been arrested by applying this technique. This paper gives an overview of criminal profiling that includes types of profiling done in the United States of America (U.S.A) and United Kingdom (UK), their similarities and differences, and the profiling process. There is a long history of criminal profiling. In the 1880s, crime scene clues were used to make predictions about the personality of Jack the Ripper, a British serial murderer. In today’s world, profiling has taken root in both the U.S.A and the U.K where more complicated and forensic analysis is been done. The effectiveness of the techniques seems to have improved over time. The paper discusses the various methods used in profiling by authorities of both countries that help them in making inquiries. The descriptions of these techniques have been discussed briefly. There are basically two forms of criminal profiling, namely the ‘Top- down’, which is applied by Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I) in the U.S.A, and the ‘Bottom-up’ which is applied by U.K profilers. The American approach analyses the evidence together with the data from the previous crimes. Through analysis, the psychological theories of criminals and the approach in which previous crimes were solved; profiler derives the offender’s personality that provides a link with the evidence. The U.K approach referred to as Bottom-up builds the profile from the evidence and data of the current crime until they obtain actionable pieces of work without applying previous knowledge or experience. Major goals of Profiling According to Holmes & Holmes (2008), there are three basic goals of profiling:  1. To provide the authorities with Psychological assessment: Basic information about the offender is included: sex, age, race, religion, marital status, residence and occupation. The information is critical to the authorities who use it to predict future attacks.  2. To provide the authorities with Psychological evaluation of belongings: This includes items that offenders may have in their possession. Items like photos and
Introduction Trisomy 21 is a frequently occurring genetic disorder or chromosomal abnormality that may affect people from various populations all over the world. It traditionally depends on inner failures in genetic processes and causes various physical and intellectual disabilities. Trisomy 21 is a common reason for additional diseases such as hematopoietic disorders, heart defects, various types of dementia, mental retardation, and gastrointestinal anomalies. The purpose of this essay is to describe trisomy 21, its clinical presentation, pathophysiology, genetic causes, types of diagnostics, and possible ways of medical treatment. Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Social Perception of Trisomy 21 Trisomy 21 is a genetic disorder widely recognized as Down syndrome. Although the condition had been familiar to people from ancient times, it received its name after John Langdon Down in 1866 for his clinical description of the disorder (Kazemi, Salehi, & Kheirollahi, 2016). This condition is frequently regarded as “one of the commonest disorders with huge medical and social cost” (Asim, Kumar, Muthuswamy, Jain, & Agarwal, 2015, p. 1). Down syndrome is a chromosomal aberration that is characterized by the presence of three copies of human chromosome 21. The complex phenotype of the disorder results from the substantial dosage imbalance of genes. Down syndrome causes intellectual disability, physical developmental delays, and multiple severe health issues, such as congenital heart defects, Alzheimer’s diseases, various types of cancer, leukemia, and Hirschprung disease (Asim, Kumar, Muthuswamy, Jain, & Agarwal, 2015). However, in developed countries, social support and recent advancement in medicine and health care delivery have substantially contributed to the increase of the life expectancy for people with Down syndrome. Concerning the clinical presentation of trisomy 21, it is necessary to notice that there are various specific features that occur in all Down syndrome population, such as craniofacial abnormality, learning, and physical disabilities. Hypotonia at the stage of early infancy is typical for this genetic disorder as well. The phenotypes of Down syndrome are diverse, and some people with this condition are affected by acute megakaryoblastic or lymphoblastic leukemia and atrioventricular septal heart defects (Asim, Kumar,