ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Article Summary In the article “Leading to Sustainable Organizational Unit Performance: Antecedents and Outcomes of Executives’ Dual Innovation Leadership,” Lukoschek, Gerlach, Stock, and Xin (2018) reveal the extent to which innovation leadership approaches influence organizational performance. These authors present the issue of ambidexterity as a factor that needs to be considered because focusing more on innovation, as opposed to efficiency, can destabilize the sustainability of organizational unit performance. This article introduces the dual innovation leadership theory, which is comprised of idea generation and concept actualization. This model fosters an understanding of the influence of leadership characteristics on an organization’s productivity levels. Lukoschek et al. (2018) apply this framework as the focal construct to investigate leadership behaviors that influence the success of organizational units. These researchers conduct two empirical studies whose data is gathered from 194 executives who have been overseeing organizational units that have the potential of realizing substantial profits or losses. Such information is aimed at evaluating the degree to which idea generation and concept implementation contribute to organizational unit innovativeness and constraint adherence. This article applies the structured equation modeling (SEM) technique to analyze results in line with the purpose of the study. Findings reveal that the significance of leaders’ goal orientations as facilitators of engagement plays an important role in fostering the efficiency of the dual innovation leadership concept. Therefore, for an organization to realize the expected ambidexterity outcomes in its units, the refinement of existing leadership constructs in the context of innovation is crucial. As a result, executives need to support subordinates to integrate the aspect of idea generation by creating an environment that cultivates creativity, openness to new ideas besides providing appropriate resources and structures to facilitate idea generation. Leadership and Organizational Performance In contemporary organizational settings, innovation has been confirmed to be a key success factor. According to Ebrahimi, Moosavi, and Chirani (2016), this concept enhances efficiency in the manufacturing sector, an industry that plays a crucial role in facilitating the growth and development of the global economy. The article by Ebrahimi et al. (2016) emphasizes the need for companies in various industries to focus on non-financial indicators of organizational performance. They consider aspects such as innovation, technology, and satisfaction with payment systems. Similarly, the study conducted by Lukoschek et al. (2018) concurs that innov
Several controversies have been hitting the pharmaceutical industry in the last few years. The larger percentage of the controversies ranges from Medicare fraud to high-priced medications that are marketed by these firms. From the researcher’s point of view, big pharmaceutical corporations are putting huge profits on top of patients, spiraling shammed public relations campaigns and more. Before the recent changes, Medicare CEOs and these companies had been reported to have involved in frauds worth billions of shillings. The indications are that the costs of the drugs are rising more rapidly than any other thing a patient can pay for. It has been found that medications are the most rapidly increasing part of the patient health care bill. It is argued that most of the patient’s expenditure on drugs has also risen. The reason is that the quantities of drugs that are being prescribed have increased. Moreover, the practitioners are prescribing new ineffective drugs that are more expensive than the old effective less costly drugs. More appalling is the fact that the prices of these consistently prescribed drugs are in a great deal jacked up, in most cases a number of times a year. The discounts as well as other incentives the medical practitioners such as the oncologists are receiving are used as a reason for hiking the prices. The government as well as other researchers has found that these benefits are unwarranted. The most shocking thing about these drug price controversies is that the trusted health care providers have an ulterior motive behind these prescriptions. Researchers found out that there is a correlation between the methods through which cancer doctors are being paid to the choice of drugs they use in a particular treatment of cancer such as chemotherapy (Abelson par.9). Once the oncologists have decided on the type of treatment, the mode of payment influences the type of drug prescription. As opposed to the expectations those who are fairly paid are likely to prescribe more expensive drugs. Reports indicate that most of the pharmaceutical firms’ representatives provide hand-outs to influence medical practitioners to recommend the drugs they represent. Going by analytic reviews of the articles on the diabetes drugs Avandia, it is true that drug manufacturers are paying medical experts to make positive conclusions about their drugs safety and effectiveness. In fact, Avandia case is one out of many (Bakalar par.1). There are several cases where the medical expert opinions are influenced by the financial handouts. It is agreed among the medical professionals that the interaction between the pharmaceutical companies and the health providers are not in the best interest of the patient. Moreover, most of the doctors agree that solicitation of drugs directly from these companies compromises the ethical standards and impractical, most can be influenced by free gifts and hand outs from these companies. Some sections of the medical profession argue that their treatment decisions are for the best interest of the patients (Abelson par.7). The argument is t
Introduction Accessible and affordable healthcare services are a significant part of a nation’s well-being, which ensures that all citizens are capable of maintaining an appropriate level of health. Nowadays, various pathways of offering the population medical services are available, ranging from government-funded to privately sponsored options of sustaining clinical institutions. As such, a possible strategy is monopolistic healthcare, which is especially evident in the contemporary state of the healthcare markets in the United States. Although some benefits of monopolistic power have been noted, in the field of healthcare, monopolies produce various problems for various populations (Acheson, 2017). This paper focuses on the complications caused by monopolistic power in the healthcare market, discussing the impact of the proposed Affordable Care Act (ACA) changes and the strategies of problem mitigation for stakeholders. Primary Effects Following the Presence of Monopolies in Healthcare Healthcare monopolization is a consistent trend in several modern countries. However, considering the nature of monopolistic power and its influence on the overall economy, significant concerns have been voiced by the academic society. Of special interest is the providers’ influence on the pricing ranges, which enables the monopoly companies to significantly increase the costs for medical services (Cooper et al., 2019). The lack of competition, which is an important factor in the strength of monopolistic power, tremendously promotes the possibility of raising the prices while paying minimal attention to the customers’ preferences and opposing firms (Iszaid et al., 2018). Considering that a monopolistic enterprise is the dominant source of products or services on the market, it can easily establish pricing policies that are profitable for its development. The absence of other corporations that could serve as additional healthcare providers limits the number of supplemen
Strategic planning Planning is the designing of desired future and effective ways of bringing it. There are two types of planning that are short term planning which is budgeting and long-term which is strategic planning. This aspect of planning and control assumes increasing importance as businesses grow in size and complexity. The proprietor of a small business, aided by common sense or intuition, can usually gauge the efficiency of the business using plans. He is near enough to each section to form accurate judgments and to act quickly in order to correct anything he considers to be unsatisfactory. As a business grows, however, the proprietor tends to become more and more remote from the factory floor as problems of policy increasingly claim his attention. He is therefore compelled to delegate much of his authority and at the same time to control his executives to ensure that each is performing efficiently and within the general policy which he has established. He finds it necessary for quantitative interpretations of performance, where previously his eye told him all he wanted to know. We can define strategic planning as a systematic and formalized process for purpose of directing and controlling future operations towards desired objectives for a period extending one year. Strategic planning involves decision-making in determining which specific investment among the available should be accepted. This must a project that has positive results that are increasing profitability. It also involves the decision on how much will be spent and which portfolio should be accepted. All this is evaluated in relation to contributing to achieving the corporate goals. There are many goals for organiza
Abstract In a company or an organization where workplace communication is ineffective, or is difficult, the outcome will be mostly negative for the individuals and the organization at large. This thesis is an examination of the issues that affect communication by using data from a Braincore Comprehensive secondary school in Australia. Most importantly, there will be an in-depth analysis of the communication issues that characteristically come out in such workplaces and the discursive tactics that managers use to manage problems in communication as well as explore the theoretical issues which are made evident when trying to find the cases of miscommunication and diagnose their cause. The practical implication the company is also addressed. Introduction The Organisation: most managers and business executives say that the obstacle of their achievement of greater efficiency in their organizations is communication. The high school of choice for this study is located in the coast of Australia and its population consists of 1745 students and a staff of 88 teachers. About ten positions of these are occupies by part time workers who work by sharing their task. Braincore is a comprehensive secondary school that reflects the diversity of the modern world. The school was started in 1961 when its first operations kicked off with less than 30 students. Over the years, the high school has grown to become a very prominent school with enviable reputation in terms of academic excellence. Besides academics, the school has excelled well in extracurricular activities as well. Methodology The researcher selected the interviewee based on his own criterion. The researcher wanted a responder who had stayed longer at the school and was well conversant with the traditions of the school for a considerable time. The interviewee was the deputy principal of a high school in Coffs Coast of Australia. She is a very ambitious lady. She has been very active in the school for quite some time now and she has been an advocate for active development in the school. She is also very good in the classroom and she is a certified secondary school teacher with over 25 years of experience. She went to college in Aylesbury College, Robinsons College and she recently finished her master’s degree in public management in Carnie Milam University. Besides running the school, she also likes swimming and riding bikes and gardening. To convince her to take part in the interview, the researcher had to explain to her the need for the study and the benefit that would come after it. This persuasion was strategic and the theory applied to it was the social judgement theory. The researcher employed face-to-face interview technique just like the way surveys are conducted engaging the interviewee in a short interview of 45 minutes. The second part of the interview question which was mainly the actual collection o
The importance of environmentalism has been growing as a response to the increasingly poor impact that industries leave on the global ecosystem. Therefore, the creation of ‘Fairphone,’ a company that seeks to minimise the detrimental impact of mobile connection on the environment is a breath of fresh air in the IT and ICT industry. The company has not reached its maturity stage yet, which means that investing in it may turn out to be a very lucrative venture. However, the idea of investing in Fairphone may contain several risks that need to be considered first. Exposure is a critical aspect of any company’s activity. Unfortunately, in contrast to similar ventures undertaken by better-known organisations such as Google, Fairphone remains a comparatively unknown brand that requires promotion. Therefore, investing in Fairphone at the current state of its popularity may mean that the money will be lost if the company never reaches the needed level of popularity in the smartphone market. The specified risk is presently the main threat that investors may face when considering Fairphone as a possible investment option. Another risk associated with investing in Fairphone is related to the low efficacy of the product and its failure to meet the set expectations. While the problem of the lack of recognition can be addressed with the help of an effective rebranding strategy and the development of a creative and memorable brand image, the issue of quality will have a palpable impact on the product’s success in the target market. According to the reviews and feedback provided by customers, the quality of connection falters quite often, leaving users dissatisfied and disappointed with Fairphone (Trustpilot, 2019). Unlike the previous concern, the risks caused by the issue of quality will be much more difficult to overcome since the organisation does not have enough leeway in choosing the resources for producing the smartphone. In contrast to other devices that are not supposed to be environmentally safe and, therefore, can incorporate any technology available in the market, Fairphone has to limit itself with ecologically safe ones, which are likely to provide worse quality (Akemu, Whiteman and Kennedy, 2016). As a result, the risk of customers abandoning the brand as a result of its poor quality is quite high (Haucke, 2018). Therefore, investors may lose their financial resources at the stage of the product being introduced to the market and tested by users. In addition, the management of the problems that Fairphone currently contains is likely to depend on significant investments in the R&D processes. As the recent account of the Fairphone use has shown, the smartphone requires recharging times more frequently than regular smartphones and may randomly request the PIN code (Trustpilot, 2019). Therefore, the lack of reliability in the services that Fairphone provides makes the idea of the investment rather questionable from a financial perspective. While one could spend money to improve the existing model and ensure that the problematic issues mentioned above are managed, there is no guarantee that target audiences will rush to purchase the
Media interpretation of Harry Potter fantasy novels differs greatly from Joanne Rowling’s books. One of the most noticeable issues is sexuality. Those people, who have read these novels, know that this topic is not at the main focus, while the movie producers as well as actors clearly explore sexuality to appeal to the viewers. In part, it can be explained by their desire to attract a larger audience. There are several examples that show how film-makers capitalize on sex and gender roles. First, one should mention that official trailer of the last sequel features Ginny Weasley (played by Bonnie Wright) and Harry Potter (Daniel Radcliffe) kissing one another. More importantly Ginny
Executive Summary This investment report seeks to present information about the financial position, performance, and liquidity of Facebook, Inc., as well as its relation to the industry and major competitors to provide recommendations for investing in the company. The financial analysis shows that the performance of Facebook, Inc. has been consistent with the growth of the tech industry and social networking all over the world. Although the company’s stock prices were affected by the recent data privacy scandal, its position in the tech industry remains solid. Moreover, Facebook, Inc. outperforms most of its major competitors in the tech industry, showing excellent results in return on assets, return on equity, and gross profit margin. Therefore, the report suggests that the recent drop in stock prices presents a good investment opportunity and that Facebook, Inc. could contribute to the company’s investment portfolio. Introduction Facebook, Inc. originated in 2004 when Mark Zuckerberg developed and launched Facebook (Bellis 2018). Within several years, Facebook became the leading social network, widely used across the United States, Europe, and the rest of the world. The company went public in 2012, which was followed by a list of high-scale mergers and acquisitions (Boyd 2018). Today, Facebook, Inc. is a major tech corporation that owns a significant share of the tech sector in the U.S. and Europe. Apart from owning social networking giants, such as Instagram, Facebook, and What’s App, Facebook, Inc. has also acquired smaller companies, such as Friendster, Sofa, Friend.ly, Lightbox.com, Oculus VR, and more (Toth 2018). The recent controversy surrounding Facebook, Inc. originated during the 2016 Presidential election in the United States, when Facebook was “accused of failing to thwart Russia’s attempts to manipulate the 2016 U.S. election and enabling the rapid spread of fake news” (Spangler 2018, para. 3). In addition to that, reports of data privacy violations affected the users’ trust in the company. The most recent issue for Facebook, Inc. was the Cambridge Analytica scandal, which revealed that the personal data of 50 million Facebook users was obtained by a major political-advertising company, which could have influenced the 2016 elections (Grant 2018). The information will likely lead to congressional hearings to determine if there was a deliberate privacy violation, as well as in new regulations imposed on the tech industry (Grant 2018). Consequently, the market value and share price of Facebook, Inc. have already suffered due to the events, and so did the trust of social network users: according to a report released in March 2018, 84% of Facebook users are concerned with the incorrect use of their private data, whereas 43.4% will either u
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight why a consumer should select a MAC operating system over the Windows PC. Both Mac and PC are popular operating systems, readily available in the mainstream market catering to the various needs of the consumers. While the basic functionality of the operating system on a computer is the same, both operating systems differ in terms of their characteristics and the specific benefits that they provide to the end user. Through this paper a justified argument, supported by evidence based on books and scholarly journals, is presented on why consumers should look towards adopting a Mac computer instead of one based on Windows PC. Introduction to Mac and PC The Mac operating system was a computer software developed by the company Apple Inc to provide operating systems for Apple computers. Initially the software was only available for use on Apple computers and apple devices, however now other computers can also make use of Mac OS. The original line of computers that were launched in 1984 and supported the Mac OS where named Macintosh and were sold exclusively by Apple Inc. This was a revolutionary computer operating system as previously the only operating system that was available to consumers was MS Dos a command line and prompt in nature and was tedious for majority of the consumers. On the other hand the Macintosh computers with the Mac operating system were unique and revolutionary as they provided a graphical user interface for the consumers and enabled them to use programs, and software developed on the object oriented programming language. This form of a computer interface was more user-friendly and easy to comprehend for the consumers. The Mac OS made use of the hierarchical directory tree approach for navigation and file addressing and enabled the users to create their own files and folders with relative ease. The system itself promoted multiple and comparative multitasking as the user could use more than one program at the same time which was previously not possible with other non graphical user interfaces. Aside from this the Mac operating system was also developed and supported by the UNIX language which meant that it was open source. As a result the Mac users were able to customize their own systems according to their requirements and share the knowledge of new developed upgrades and programs with others in the UNIX based OS community. This enabled the Mac users to have highly customized and efficient operating systems that were based on upgrades and programs developed by other Mac users purely for their convenience and facilitation. Other application programs that are provided by the Mac operating system included image processing software, audio and video