ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Independence is the main desire of most of the citizens. Most wars and rebellions start because one of the states or nations wants to influence the other and to cut her independence in this or that manner. People are ready to struggle for their independence, to fight for their rights, and to win their liberty. The topic we are going to discuss in the essay is how Bacons rebellion and king Philips war revealed strains both within colonial society and between colonists and Indians. For the start, let us analyze the causes and background of Bacons rebellion and King Philips war. Bacons rebellion was immersed in 1676 in Virginia Colony and was led by Nathaniel Bacon. Nathaniel Bacon was a rich planter. He was chosen to protest against Native Americans. The rebellion also had its aim to get read by Royal Governor of Virginia, William Berkeley, who refused to retaliate against the Native Americans. There were many other problems that created tension between natives and colonists for some time. There were economical problems, the rise of prices, the restricted markets, and many others which created prerequisites for the future rebellion. The rebellion did not succeed, but it had a great value. Bacons rebellion was the first time when the white poor and black poor were united in their aim to struggle for their liberty, without taking into consideration the racial prejudices, which caused many problems in that society. King Philips War lasted for about one year (1675–1676). The problem, which caused the war, was land possession. Native American citizens of modern southern New England fought against English colonists and their Native American allies. The number of colonists increased all the time. First, it was not a problem, but then began conflicts on the territory subjects. The tension was also created by different cultures and ways of life. Metacom (Metacomet or Pometacom) was the protector of Native Americans. He was also known as Philip. The war is named after him as it was Philip who wanted to struggle for his rights. The Philip’s war was the bloodiest in the history of America, as too many people were killed from both sides. It gave some topics for discussion to the government, but nothing more. The colonists won in that struggle and natives just aggravated their condition. Men were sent for slavery abroad and women and children were made to stay there but as servants. These two rebellions did not have success in the turn of the winery, but they had a great social value. Both leaders made a great contribution to the political and social life of America in the last years of the XVII century. The rebellions were the signals to the government about their wro
Computer forensics Within the last decade, computer forensics has solved so many cases that if it was not for this technology the situation would have been worse. This has been mainly enhanced by the ability of computer and digital devices to store data (Goode, 2009). Luckily, these are the same gadgets that criminals use to perpetrate their crimes and therefore it has been become easier to trace criminal activities through digital platforms. For these reasons, computer forensics has become one of the most used tools of investigation. However, it faces numerous challenges especially the aspect of privacy and the right to private information. Challenges and opportunities Computer forensics can benefit greatly from the current digital developments. This includes the use of GPS devices in vehicles and the use of Smartphones. With the numerous use of electronic gadgets such, computers, cameras, gaming devices and music players that contain storage media is a sign of a good opportunity for computer forensics to develop. However, the major challenge faced by the police and computer forensics department is that information on forensics countermeasures is found easily and freely online. This has greatly affected the success of computer forensics and it is the main drawback in this area. In addition to avoiding forensics specifications, forensics counter software also can hide terrorists’ activities form the authorities’ surveillance. Nonetheless, coming up with new techniques in computer forensics has positively and negatively affected the world at large. The world is now safer due to the increasing usage of computer forensics in court cases. In essence, the use of computer forensics has enhanced the justice system by ensuring that culprits and perpetrators of criminal activities are brought to book. Due to the increasing use of computer forensics, more criminals are being convicted from the evidences gathers from digitals gadgets. Currently, the use of conventional telephones and the use of letters as a mode of communication have become obsolete. Modern criminals are using highly sophisticated communication gadgets and this is a great opportunity for computer forensics. Most of the modern equipment used today in communication have t
Infections that occur while the provision of medical care has severe consequences, such as complications of diseases, and social and moral damage to both patients and medical personnel. One of the most urgent of such problems is urinary tract infections (UTIs). Consequences that these conditions can lead to include severe purulent septic complications, bacteremia, and other issues. Some aspects may complicate the course of infections, such as the presence of foreign bodies in the urinary tract. Bladder catheterization is among the primary sources of pathogenic spread. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) represent a considerable proportion of complications and are one of the most common in-hospital infections (De la Cruz et al., 2020). The relevance of these issues is the reason to choose a presentation’s theme. At our workplace, we often deal with patients with urinal infections. In the case of complications, the hospital incurs additional expenses on patient retention, and the patients themselves can also receive a more significant bill. Sick people stay longer in the hospital, and medical staff needs to plan the time they usually lack to meet all patients. More importantly, although widespread, such incidents negatively affect the image of the hospital – patients may accuse staff of unprofessionalism. In such a situation, staff morale is deteriorating, and respectively efficiency and productivity fall. The presented plan of implementation of new policies regarding the use of indwelling urinary catheters in the hospital can become a reality on conditions managers and staff are highly motivated. A possible incentive to begin implementation may be assessing the costs that the hospital carries due to CAUTIs and the possibility of preventing them. This stimulus requires additional research that will provide data to hospital managers. Their desire to change the situation could be the beginning of a new policy. However, there are many obstacles at various levels that the institution may face. First of all, the obstacle to any changes in the receipt of funding is necessary to conduct research, find coaches, and give staff incentives. Other barriers are the time and motivation of medical staff. On the one hand, reducing the number of patients with infection is an incentive, but, on the other, the prospect is only potential and requires evidence to attract staff’s attention. Moreover, in the hospital, people work in conditions of a very limited amount of time, and training, the effectiveness of which is not apparent, will harm patients’ care. The productivity of the educational program depends on the trainer, materials, implementation strategy. If they are not good enough, there will be an additional obstacle to the implementation of the plan. In conclusion, the severity of the consequences and the prevalence of Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) suggest the
Introduction Attachment refers to a deep connection between a child and a primary caregiver that plays an important role in the optimal growth and development of the child with regard to expression of emotions and creation of relationships (Pearce, 2009). In the United States, many children live in foster care and as result experience numerous physical, emotional, and developmental challenges. Children in foster care experience attachment issues that result from separation from their parents. They find it difficult to form relationships and express their emotions appropriately. Building relationships is an important skill that children need. Separation from caregivers deprives them of the ability to connect with other people and manage their emotions. The results of this deprivation are low self-esteem, lack of trust, isolation, and irritability (Adamec & Miller, 2007). One of the challenges faced by children in foster care is attachment disorder. This disorder is characterized by inability to create meaningful relationships and express one’s emotions properly. Ramification of attachment disorder include sub-optimal brain development, inability o form stable relationships, poor management of psychological stress, lack of proper sense of time, and poor expression of emotions (Pearce, 2009). The disorder can be explained and understood evolutionary and attachment theories. Identification and description of problem Attachment disorder As mentioned earlier, attachment disorder refers to an individual’s inability to connect to other people and express emotions effectively. This disorder leads to deep feelings of insecurity, loneliness, low self-worth, and isolation. Research has shown that attachment disorders originate from inadequate or ineffective relationships between children and their parents. The success of the attachment process primarily relies on the quality of relationship between a child and the parent. Attachment disorders develop due to unfavourable experiences in the child-parent relationship. Feelings of abandonment, powerlessness, and isolation in childhood teach children that they cannot depend on their parents and as a result lose trust in other people and their ability to help them (Pearce, 2009). Attachment disruptions among children in foster care originate from disruptions in the attachment process between a child and caregiver. Children in foster care lose their parents and the opportunity to from secure relationships with their parents. The transition to a foster home and the change in the primary caregiver affects the ability of children to form meaningful relationships (Adamec & Miller, 2007). One of the most common causes of disruptions in attachment relationships is reactive attachment disorder. This disorder is characterized by severe disturbances in relationships between a child and the caregiver. Many of the emotional and developmental challenges that children in foster care experience emanate from ineffective relationships with parents (Stone, 2001).
Why is the slave trade, according to Wilberforce, bad for Africa? How does Wilberforce depict Africa and African kings? The following article is devoted to the description of the problem of slavery and the slave trade in Africa. The author underlines its pernicious effect on Africa, and he outlines a great number of different problems connected with this phenomenon. The author states the fact that the slave trade brings only desolation and destruction to this land. He calls this country not barbaric but uncivilized, and moreover, slavery does not promote its development. Moreover, the author blames the kings of this land, accusing them of promoting slavery and the slave trade in their country. He says that it just for a king to decide whether to send his troops to the neighbor village or not. The reason very often is just a desire of a king to drink brandy. People became good in this country, and very often, they are exchanged in the process of barter. With this in mind, the author underlines that slavery gradually destroys Africa, bringing it to the barbaric stage of development where people can be taken only as a good. What does Wilberforce mean by “the delegates from Liverpool”? Why does he hold them to be “totally incompetent” in assessing the character of the slave trade? The author also underlines the incompetency of the committee, which is in charge of the question of slavery in Africa. He calls them delegates from Liverpool. The author underlines the fact that they have not found evidence of the pernicious influence of slavery in Africa. Moreover, having no facts, this committee supposed that slavery was a traditional state of affairs in Africa. Being deeply consumed that slavery is the main reason for wars on this land, the author emphasizes the incompetence of this committee. He points out the incorrectness of their conclusions. They judged by the fact that there were no complaints from the population of this land that is why it is impossible to fix cases of cruel attitude or other discrimination. The author states the fact that the majority of the population of Africa does not have such an opportunity; that is why it is possible to state the absence of any signs of discontent. Moreover, the
Nowadays people cannot imagine their lives without social networking. Social networks are everywhere: we like pictures on Instagram, we read the latest tweets on Twitter, and we interact with our friends on Facebook. Most of the people take for granted the fact that people spend eight to ten hours on social networking every day (Antoci, Sabatini, and Sodini 33). Even though social networks have been created to make people interact with each other and fight loneliness, many people agree that social networks actually destruct the real-life conversation and emotions. It is pretty reasonable to mention that there are two points of view that are opposing each other in the present day – the ones who think that social networking does not harm the human character and those who believe that social networks destroy the human spirit and give a fake feel of happiness (Tufekci 1). There are four basic needs that every individual has: the need for company and friendliness, the need for security with the purpose of coping with indecision, the need for meaning, and the need for the venture and new experience (Cotterell 14). There have been numerous researches on this issue, and the researchers have always wanted to identify some things: how their testees felt in general, how anxious and deserted they were, how much they had used Facebook, and how frequently they had had direct communication with others since the prior text message. It has been found that the more people used Facebook in the period flanked by the two texts, the less content they felt—and the more their total level of fulfillment decayed. The data illustrated that Facebook was making them hopeless and gloomy (Konnikova 1). According to Marche, loneliness is definitely not something that Facebook or Twitter or any of the less important forms of social networking is doing to us. He believes that it is only us, who should take full responsibility for what we do. Casting technology as some ambiguous, impersonal essence of the past making us do something we do not want to do, is a frail explanation. We make choices about how we use our technologies, not vice versa (Marche 1). Our ubiquitous new technologies trap us into more and more artificial connections at just the same time that they make dodging the chaos of human communication easy. The attractiveness of Facebook, the cause of its influence, is that it allows us to be social while getting us out of the disconcerting reality of the world – the unintentional revelations we make, the awkward moments, and the overall ungainliness of direct interaction. As an alternative, we have the good-looking smoothness of a superficially social engine. Marche explains that Facebook has discovered that a connection is not identical to a pledge and that prompt and absolute connection is no rescue, no permit to a more contented, healthier world or a more open-minded version of civilization. Sherry Turkle, in her article, is much more unconvinced about the positive effects of online culture. She articulates that today, unconfident in our relations and worried about intimacy, we want technology to find the ways
“Multiply: Disciples Making Disciples” is a book that is jointly authored by Francis Chan and Mark Beuving. The book calls upon all Christians to maintain the momentum that was characteristic of the early missionaries. The main idea in “Multiply” is based on the Gospel agenda that is outlined in Matthew Chapter 28, verse 19, where Jesus commissions his disciples to go out and spread the Christian Gospel thereby converting new believers into disciples. The authors of this book lament that the job of spreading the gospel has been mistakenly left upon Pastors alone. Consequently, the authors set out to prove that it is the job of all Christians to spread the Gospel of Christ with vigor. The authors have also laced with online videos that cement the theme of every section in the book. This paper offers an overview of “Multiply: Disciples Making Disciples” and an accompanying critique of Chan and Bueving’s work. Francis Chan, one of the authors of this book is a renowned Christian-author who has written various books, some of which have become bestsellers. Consequently, Beuving is somehow assigned the role of a supporting author in this book. The book begins with a statement reminding Christians that they were made to make disciples. Consequently, the commission to ‘go and make disciples of all nations’ applies to Christians from all walks of life. According to the authors “Christians today are not known for making disciples…we have developed a culture where ministers minister and the rest of us sit back and ‘enjoy’ the church from a distance…every Christian is called by God to minister…to make disciples” 1 . The rest of the book continues to equip readers with the tools that would take them back to the duty of ministering and making more disciples. The authors hope that their book will give readers the confidence and faith that would enable them to step into the arena of God’s wide ministry. In the book’s forward, the authors had cautioned readers that the book and its other resources including online videos are not meant to be read in isolation but they should be shared widely within the realms of Christian believers. The book is divided in sections that bear the theme of discipleship and the Christian conduct. The first section is titled “Living as a Disciple Maker”. This section contains three chapters and it is an introduction into the concept of discipleship and its relevance in the modern times. In this first section, the authors explain what it means to be a disciple in the modern context. This first section is then accompanied by another section that seeks to explore Jesus’ command to disciples to make more disciples. These first two chapters are weaved together in the realization that all Christians are natural disciples who should be actively involved in the quest to spread the gospel. In the final chapter of this first section, the authors explain to the readers how the heart of a dedicated ‘disciple maker’ should be modeled. The authors proceed to ano
What is PTSD? PTSD is normally characterized as a mental disorder that is a direct result of anxiety-related syndromes that came about as a direct result of a traumatic event (Chemtob, 2011). One example of this can be seen in the case of natural disasters such as flooding which occur as a direct result of excessive rainfall which creates a PTSD response in certain individuals wherein they continue to respond negatively to various external stimuli such as storms, videos of flooding or other such examples. Situation Events that Trigger PTSD Constant Re-experiencing This aspect takes the form of constant flashbacks to the traumatic event resulting in severe stress and anxiety or the equivalent thereof in the form of a negative psychological response. This symptom is often brought out as a direct result of distinct triggers (such as in the case of the previously mentioned example where images of floods, rain, etc. acted as the necessary trigger to bring about the memory) (Muldoon & Lowe, 2012). Exposure to a Traumatic Event A traumatic event in this particular case comes in the form of even that elicited a great deal of intense fear, resulted in serious injury, or had the very real possibility of death for the individual involved (Muldoon & Lowe, 2012). It is thought that such events are necessary for the development of PTSD since they leave a deep psychological “scar” so to speak which interacts with the fear and anxiety mechanisms within the brain that create the various symptoms associated with PTSD. It must be noted though that various studies have yet to determine what constitutes a sufficiently traumatic event to cause PTSD. What is considered as “traumatic” apparently varies per individual with some cases (i.e. a severe car accident, war, near-death experience, etc.) causing no apparent symptoms of PTSD in one person but manifesting in another who endured a similar event. For example, just as PTSD develops differently in various individuals (as seen in the case of returning U.S. soldiers from Iraq) several individuals who experience similar experiences were noted as being completely fine after a few hours in a recovery center (Muldoon & Lowe, 2012). Clinical Manifestations of PTSD Emotional Numbing Emotional numbing is a symptom that manifests itself as a distinct detachment from people, social situations, and activities that were previously thought of to be enjoyable. It also happens to manifest itself as a form of detachment or state of withdrawal where these individuals are unresponsive to external stimuli (Muldoon & Lowe, 2012). Increased arousal (Heightened sense of awareness) This particular aspect of PTSD manifests itself as being in a constant state of readiness resulting in difficulty falling asleep, being in a constant state of agitation, and even manifests itself as a form of hypervigilance. It is thought that such a state comes about as a direct result of a traumatic event with the need for constant vigilance and readiness being imprinted on the mind (Muldoon & Lowe, 2012). Various experts are actually at odds over this particular aspect of PTSD as to whether or not it has its background in a repressed evolutionary r