ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Provision of the most appropriate health care services has been US government’s top priority over the past decades. A significant number of Americans, particularly the poor and elderly have been found to be uninsured or underinsured (Swartz, 2007). Every individual yearns for long term care and the federal government together with the private sector has made concerted efforts to bring this dream into reality. This essay discusses some of the factors that cause many families not to be keen on anticipating the cost of long term care especially for the elderly and what implications it has on employers of those who care for their family members. The essay further analysis the factors that impede access of mental health services in the US and how WWI and WWII helped in creating awareness of this disorder among the federal government and the public. A discussion of the erroneous assumptions about the treatment of mental illness is presented. It also presents a personal opinion of the various methods used to ensure eligibility for Medicaid support of long term care expenses. There has been an increasing longevity of Americans and the cost of providing long term care. This means that families ought to be financially prepared for the cost implications. However, research findings reveal that very few families and individuals take this consideration seriously (Sultz, & Young, 2005). Some of the factors impeding the advance planning have been identified. One of the reasons is the misconception that long term care only applies to those at an advanced age yet about 40 percent of Americans receiving this care range from 18 to 64 years old. Many also rely on other healthcare services yet most of them are not long-term oriented. This makes many families fail in considering the need for long term care. Moreover, many families are unaware of the existing options of care and how they are funded. The lack of critical information causes many families to loose their assets as well as earnings (Sultz, & Young, 2005). Educating the people about the available options and helping them decide on the appropriate type of long term care will go a long way in planning for the future. Partners/spouses, family members and other stakeholders should be engaged in making these key considerations. A significant number, over 75%, of elderly people in the US needing assistance are cared for by family members, many of whom work outside the home. The challenge for the employed family members is to balance between their jobs and giving appropriate care to the elderly which in turn impacts on the employers (Swartz, 2007). An employer who has been chosen as the chief caretaker of an elder family member will be adversely affected in discharging his duties at work. Employers have therefore made attempts to formulate policies that can help those engaged in the provision of long term care for a family member (Sultz, & Young, 2005). This responsibility should not be underplayed by employers, instead, they ought to provide support and respite where necessary. Those who receive mental health services in the US
Entitlements According to Sen, entitlements underscore the available set of commodities that an individual can control or own using rights and chances that s/he faces in a given society. Entitlements for each individual or household are determined using endowments, production possibilities, and exchange conditions. Examples for these entitlement determinants include labor, technology, and markets respectively. Endowment Endowment defines what an individual owns concerning productive resources coupled with access to wealth, which can control market prices. The majority of the poorest individuals across the world have labor as the only endowment. On the other side, the poor are likely to lack wealth, land, and all other resources that underscore endowments. The Bengal famine of 1974 Sen argues that the 1974 Bengali famine was due to floods. The floods affected food production later during harvesting, which resulted in reduced yields. This scenario caused unemployment, which then led to starvation. Due to the flooding, workers lost earnings that they could have earned via transplanting rice. The earnings could be used to buy food, which explains why the starvation escalated. In addition, food prices rose due to the food shortage coupled with speculations. Direct food aid would have prevented starvation. This move should have happened immediately after the floods because it was clear that yields would be diminished. The exportation of food from famine-stricken areas Consumers within famine-stricken areas do not have money to buy food. Therefore, the available food is exporte
The Nescafe Champs Leysin is the oldest snowboard competition in Europe. The event currently takes place annually in the Swiss resort of Leysin. The first Nescafe Champs Leysin event took place in 1990. The three main areas of interest in the event are athletics, art, and music. The athletes involved in the event compete for a monetary reward. Artists who come to the event develop unique artworks that give the event its unique atmosphere. The music in the event has become a signature trait of the Nescafe Champs Leysin especially because of the concert location named “Place to be”. The nature of the event calls for careful logistical planning to ensure that everything works. This paper assesses the logistical needs of the event required to make it a success. Methodology The primary method used to gather information pertaining to the logistical needs of the Nescafe Champs Leysin was a literature review. The literature reviewed provided insights into the logistical needs of the event. The event website was also invaluable in providing specific information relating to the event. In order to arrive at the conclusions provided in the last section, it was necessary to choose and consider various reports with information relating to event planning, logistics, and supply chain management. Survey Results and Analysis The three main components of the Nescafe Champs Leysin event include snowboarding, music and art. These three categories informed the structural layout of the report. Each of these three activities presents a different set of logistical challenges. The challenges fall into three categories namely, the supply of people, equipment supply, and logistics at the venue of the event. Supply of People For the event to be successful, it is necessary to transport and accommodate a large number of people. The people in question include the event participants and the audience. In addition, many people provide technical support for the event. They include medical doctors, coaches, and security perso
Female genital mutilation is often practiced in Northern and sub-Saharan Africa. The opponents of this surgery believe that it is supposed to increase sexual attractiveness of women or young girls. Moreover, there are no medical reasons to perform it. However, one cannot easily draw parallels between female genital mutilation and other procedures that women undertake in more developed countries. In order to illustrate this argument, one should focus on the social and cultural origins of this practice. To a great extent, it can be explained by considerable gender inequalities existing in many African communities in which women do not have any opportunity for expressing their disagreement with existing behavioral norms. Admittedly, one can say that in various advanced countries, women often undergo cosmetic surgeries that cannot be explained by any medical reasons. To a great extent, these women attempt to reach the standards of physical attractiveness, established in the society. Moreover, these standards can be imposed on them through various agents of socialization such as mass media. However, there are some distinctions that should not be overlooked. First of all, female genital mutilation is widespread in the communities in which the rights of women are virtually non-existent (“Jane’s Story: Surviving Violence”). For instance, they can be beaten almost to death, and they cannot expect any protection from the community. Moreover, young girls do not give their consent for this surgery; in fact, they can be forced to undergo this procedure (“Jane’s Story: Surviving Violence”). They are not allowed to raise any objections or even speak about the painfulness of genital mutilation. Such protests are usually not tolerated. In contrast, women, who choose to undertake cosmetic surgery, do it voluntarily. Certainly, there is some social pressure which can prompt them to reach the standards of physical beauty. However, their informed consent is necessary. This is why it is difficult to compare female genital mutilation with other procedures that can be performed in more developed countries. Additionally, it is important to remember that female genital mutilation can be viewed as a rite of passage in many African communities (Ogega 3). In many cases, it implies that a girl passes into womanhood. So, this practice is a part of the cultural tradition. This is one of the reasons why the government finds it very
There are many differences between legal issues in china and Australia. For instance in China, the legal system is supplemented with local regulations. The local regulations are major challenges to international companies expanding their businesses in China. These local laws and regulations differ from provinces as well as in the major cities in China such as Beijing and Shanghai. Different economic zones have different laws and regulations relating to labor (Lan, 1995). The interpretation of legislation and local practices also differs in various regions across China. There are various local regulations and practices that influence application of law in China as compared to Australia. The local regulations in China are supposed to be consistent with the national legislation but sometimes there are conflicts. In Australia, there are few local laws which are consistent with the Australian national law. International companies should adhere to the local rules and regulation in China. Employment contract law in China also differs from that in Australia. In china, the employment contract law is very generous to workers and it provides a lot of protection as compared to the employment law in Australia. For instance in china, if an individual is employed temporarily for more than one short term contracts then he is deemed to be permanently employed (Villa, 2009). This is different from Australia where a person can be employed temporary for more than one short term contract without being viewed as a permanent employee. According to the contract law in China, an employee must have a formal contract. It is mandatory for employment contract to be written. This contract must contain important details such as compensation, working hours as well as job description. International human resource managers must be aware of these protective provisions in contract law. This is a major challenge which is faced by most international companies doing business in China. Another challenge faced by foreign companies is that they are not allowed to directly employ Chinese citizens in China. However, they may involve Chinese citizens in performing some services. In China employment contract must contain a basic fixed salary which should not be changed by the employer. Corruption is a serious problem in China just like in other developing countries across the globe. In this country corruption involves bribe, fraud, embezzlement as well as extortion (He, 2003). Some people give bribes to the hiring officials in order to secure employment. Some people are also employed or promoted to a higher position depending on whether they know leaders in the high ranks. These leaders may be their relatives, friends or even classmates. In Australia, corruption is very minimal as compared to China and the country was ranked as the least corrupt country among the group of 20 developed nations (Brinsden, 2011). In China, human rights are normally considered when recruiting employees. Minors under the age of 16 are not supposed to be recruited. Employment discrimination is also discouraged, and there are equal employment rights for both male and
1 st Peer: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) I found the explanation of the findings clear, understandable, and well organized. Concerning content, the presentation is comprehensive and covers vital points about AN, including its causes, risk factors, signs, and symptoms. AN’s pathophysiology, including the biologic and psychosocial processes involved, is clearly stated, giving the audience a clear picture of the condition. In practice, clinical evaluation of eating disorders requires objective data obtained using validated instruments that assess the core domains of the condition (Surgenor & Maquire, 2013). The poster gives three such assessment tools – EAT-26, CHEAT, and ABOS. While these screening measures are critical in measuring AN psychopathology, including the DSM-V diagnostic criteria for this disorder could improve the explanation further. The use of statistics helped enforce the significant points in the presentation. In particular, data on AN prevalence (0.4%) and evidence-based treatment and hospitalization guidelines can inform care planning and intervention. Using graphs could be a better way to summarize these data. The therapeutic options – psychotherapy, pharmacological agents, and combination therapy – are explored in great depth. The criteria for hospitalization of AN patients for inpatient treatment are a vital inclusion. They highlight the need for psychiatrists to work with internists and nutritionists to recognize and treat AN (Watson & Bulik, 2013). The major complication of AN treatment identified, i.e., refeeding syndrome, has implications for patient management and follow-up. Concerning the format, the design of the poster is good and the words are readable. It also readily attracts the audience’s attention. The colors and contrasts enhance the readability of the content and stress the key points, such as AN indicators, risk factors, and treatment. The graphics enhance the poster’s visual appeal. Including more pictures could improve the presentation even further by making it concise and less wordy. 2nd Peer: LGBTQ Suicide Awareness The poster gives an excellent explanation of the LGBTQ suicide issue in a simple and clear manner that is appropriate for experts and lay audience. It includes a concise, informative title and its content is not too technical or theoretical. Thus, one can easily grasp the key message. Organizing the content around three LGBTQ issues – prevalence, causes, and prevention – made the poster more focused. A viewer can immediately see how risk factors such as stress, mental illness, lack of support, and victimization account for high LGBTQ suicide prevalence among the youth. The specific preventive measures given in the poster address these causes. Interventions for reducing suicide risk in the LGBTQ population are lacking, hence, an unmet need (Marshall, 2016). The three pillars of the prevention framework, i.e., advocate, educate, and supp
Introduction and Situation Analysis A. The application of industry-supplied teaching materials in schools becomes a common practice which, however, is associated with a few controversial implications − on the one hand, it allows enterprises to achieve both corporate and social benefits while, on the other hand, it uses the learning process for exposing children to advertising stimuli. According to Aitken and Watkins (2017), due to budget deficits, many educational institutions across the globe increasingly rely on commercial funding. The given funding activity is often based on reciprocal relationships between schools and corporations and take a form of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies (Aitken & Watkins, 2017). As stated by Shaw (2014), the exploitation of children’s buying power and their ability to influence parents’ decisions significantly helps companies to gain superior revenues. However, in the given situation, the status of potential young consumers as stakeholders, as well as corporations’ responsibilities towards them, is often ignored. Stakeholder Analysis  1. The major stakeholders involved in the case are children and corporations that provide instructional materials to educational institutions. Children are regarded as a vulnerable consumer group. Watkins, Aitken, Robertson, and Thyne (2016) note that their vulnerability to marketing messages is defined by the underdeveloped cognitive ability to understand and recognize the actual intents of advertising. Thus, the issues of fairness of marketing targeted at children arise. At the same time, by supplying teaching materials to schools, corporations aim to improve own image and increase profitability, which is core to organizational sustainability as a whole and employee well-being, in particular.  1. Communities and societies are represented in the role of relevant stakeholders on a broader scale. The concept of CSR and the social and ethical motivations associated with it imply that there are some drawbacks and adverse factors in the social environment, which interfere with the development of social welfare. In the given case, they include increased student loans and shrinking student budgets that create barriers to better academic performance. The CSR initiatives, i.e., commercial funding an
“Possessing the Gates of the Enemy” is a book written by Cindy Jacobs and published by Chosen in 1994. The book provides the reader with information on praying and performing as an intercessor. Some of the key areas in the practice it covers include dealing with the call to intercede, the creation of a spiritual map of one’s journey, and utilizing prayers as a means of breaking strongholds over one’s city, town, village, and locality (Jacobs, 1994). Its purpose is to assist intercessors, pastors, and spiritual leaders while tutoring them on the principles of spiritual warfare. The book is split into 16 chapters covering all of the major parts that go into intercession. Possessing the Gates of the Enemy is actually a concluding chapter of this book, which is presented to the reader only after they managed to internalize the information presented beforehand (Jacobs, 1994). The book makes a strong case for militant spirituality and spreading the faith through means available to the organized religion. It touches upon the morality and spiritual righteousness of such a cause and places that the world exists in a state of confrontation between the ideals of good and evil not only in the physical but spiritual ways. As such, the Church and all good Christians have a duty to bring and spread their faith to others as well as engage people to help them realize their own path to God. The book puts prayer as one of the strongest tools in an intercessor’s arsenal, as it taps directly into the power of an individual’s faith when connected to that of God, bringing it potentially immeasurable power (Jacobs, 1994). As demonstrated in the example situation, when a prophetic dream told the author of a threat to her friends’ life, she prayed for days for their safety. It channeled the power of God to make the mechanism in their car hold, despite the likelihood of it failing is more than certain (Jacobs, 1994). The book shows how different prayers can be used to different effects and how their power can bring more people to see the power of Jesus Christ. When I first read this book, I had a different perception about interc
Introduction The best practices in supply chain management include; developing an elaborate global supply system, controlling spending to enhance savings and achieve greater productivity and the reduction of transaction expenses. Companies should aim at the alignment of both the supply network and acquisition process with organizational targets and objectives in order to ensure ultimate value for funds spent. According to (Avery Vol. 2), “UTC, Intel, Procter & Gamble, Dow Chemical and IBM have been successful with integrated supply models”. These companies are seeking services from integrated global procurement firms for improved efficiency. At Intel Corp., there is heavy reliance on Electronic Data Interchange with its suppliers. This technology is dependent on system and hardware compatibility. Improvements can be achieved through partnerships with its suppliers to put in place IT infrastructure that allows for seamless compatibility, to enhance information sharing. Intel strives to reduce its operating costs through benchmarking and collaborations in overall company cost modeling with its suppliers. This supplier program has been successful in quality improvement. To achieve greater results for both itself and its suppliers, Intel should consider the supplier’s unique operating environment and other factors that may make their overall cost model different from theirs, and make any modifications to their own model in order to boost the supplier’s morale. There has been increased procurement pugnacity in collaborating with a single supplier to meet particular objectives of superior quality, sufficient and adequate quantity, and a desirable price. Intel’s sourcing strategy should be need based, with emphasis on the unique client requirements. Intel sources its materials from different suppliers because of the diverse products that it deals in. However, it should strive to engage suppliers with a global presence and with the ability to supply multiple products and services. This will help in achieving the best practice of developing an elaborate global supply system. The choice of such a supplier is a tricky affair as organizational requirements do change over time, and the decision is based on a number of factors, a combination of which can only be best suitable to a specific company. The supplier’s preparedness and their technical capacity dictate what strategy firms choose. The unfolding events in the global supply market have presented a major challenge to Intel. It is costly to terminate current contracts to cater for changes in the market, because Intel enters into long-term contracts that are legally binding. It should thus prepare contracts with provisions for termination based on prevailing market needs to avoid servicing contracts for materials and goods that it may not require as a result of market shifts. Conclusion (Flynn, Fraser, and Leenders M. 57) suggest that “an integrated su