ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Eric Weiner’s “The Geography of Bliss” and “The Creation of Discontent” by Juliet Schor illustrate various aspects of pathos. The two authors spent a significant amount of time reporting from discontented locales as foreign correspondents like Afghanistan, Iraq, and Indonesia. This paper aims at analyzing the aspects of pathos according to the two authors. It also describes the cause and effect analysis of the reasons why the Americans seem to be so unhappy. Lastly, the paper will focus on what makes happiness so elusive to other people according to the commentaries by both Schor and Weiner. Main body As illustrated in “The Geography of Bliss” by Eric Weiner, unhappy people who live in the intensely unstable states though inspire pathos and make “for good copy,” do not make “for good karma.” Due to this, Weiner did research all over the globe and came up with “unheralded happy places.” The aspects of pathos resulted. According to him, equal parts of the world laugh out loud philosophically. This is a journey to both the destination for and definition of true contentment. “The happiest places in the world through unexpected include Bhutan, India and Iceland” (Small, p. 344). In Weiner’s visit to Moldova, he found merit worth claiming. The question that the two authors are tackling remains: What makes people happy? They try to check whether this happiness is a result of the myriad restrictions of Singapore or the freedom from the West, whether it results from the glittering shopping malls in Qatar or just the simple ashrams of India. Eric Weiner and Juliet Schor offer profound observations on how people relate to fate and circumstances. The two authors do this from the drunkenness of the youth of Iceland and the despond of Slough (Weiner, p. 98). Americans seem so unhappy at least according to Eric Weiner and Juliet Schor. According to the two, happiness is an emotion and/or an idea. Different people have different ideas about what happiness is to them. I.e. what happiness feels like, what constitutes a happy day and who is involved. Americans have always been a head-on our life as a whole beyond what one can achieve. Therefore happiness is something that is out of our grasp. The Americans seem so unhappy; this may be due to the heavy burden the people of America feel they owe to the economy. The standards of living are now unpredictable and some anticipated the worst living standards for future children compared to their current standards of living. The aspect of fixing the economy seems to the people of America as just creating a positive environment. They feel there is a lot of uncertainty in putting the industry of health care in limbo which may result in some
How large is the United States national debt currently? The current United States’ “national debt is the sum of the arrears held by the US government, and it stands at $328 billion, which has shattered the record of $238 billion set in the past two years” (Chessman 101). The amount of the public debt is worth “the treasury securities, which have been released by the treasury together with other government agencies and which are improbable at such a moment” (Chessman 105). The gross public debt has two elements in its making. The significant gross public debt “is the debt held by the public, which comprises the Treasury securities owned by investors who are not in the federal government, and it includes debt held by corporations, individuals, foreigners, and local governments” (Chessman 108). Secondly, the intra-governmental debt, “such as non-marketable treasury securities, is owned in the accounts controlled by the government belonging to the program, while debt held by government accounts designates the collective remainders comprising interest earnings that have been bankrolled in the treasury securities” (Chessman 110). Conventionally, debt owned by the public escalates as an outcome of government usage, while government taxation leads to the decrease in the public debt. The public debt goes up and down depending on the Treasury securities issued. The debt can also be cut down by decreasing the debt to GDP ratio. This goal can be achieved via growing the GDP reasonably faster than the increase in the debt. When the treasury goes for high-interest borrowing, inflation rate goes higher than the rate paid on the debt (Chessman 82). This scenario causes an increase in the debt. The government has to go for low-interest rates, which redeems taxpayers’ money. What percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the debt? The ratio of Gross Domestic Product may go down as an outcome of the government having remainders caused by the increase in gross domestic product and inflation. The U.S debt went higher to surpass 100 percent of gross domestic product to
The current society has become so much of accomplishment oriented thus the inability to overcome challenges is regarded as failure. Failure takes different forms, which are by all standards, not of the same magnitude as most people assume. Performance that is not up to the expected standards does not necessarily allude to failure. This calls for the exploration of the reasons for such a trend. Most people have a tendency to collapse when pressure is exerted on them. Whereas pressure is intended to help in optimum production, it sometimes culminates in crumbling. The 1993 Wimbledon final pitting Jana Novotna against Steffini Graf poses a clear scenario of this. The less experienced Novotna was leading in the final set and requiring just one game to win her first, major career, title. Novotna went ahead to produce numerous unforced errors that cost the game and a chance to bag game’s most prestigious title. The thought of winning her first career major against the most decorated player of the time took a toll on her. The errors that she made could not reflect the professional know how of tennis that had propelled her all the way to the conclusion of the championship. Pressures makes one panic or choke as it
The current paper will examine an article “Oil Price Surge Widens US Trade Gap” by Daniel Pimlott published in Financial Times dated 11 September 2008. The article discusses an important issue which the U.S. economy faces in the turmoil of high commodity prices. The surge in oil prices is imposing a severe threat to the U.S. economy as it attempts to survive the difficult period of financial structure meltdown and finally, it is encountering a long-delayed slowdown in economic growth. In other terms, the U.S. is under recession and its impact can be seen throughout various sectors including the employment sector which have been highlighted by some interesting figures provided in this article. (Recession is referred to as a period of general economic downturn specifically a decline in GDP for two or more consecutive periods). (Furthermore, unemployment is an economic condition where individuals seeking jobs fail to get employed). The article focuses upon the recent surge in oil prices and its impact on the U.S. economy. The U.S. economy which is the world’s largest economy has been hard hit by this surge in oil prices in addition to the financial crisis which the country is going through. The high oil prices have pushed up the import bill of U.S. imports of oil which has led to a heightened trade deficit which grew by 5.7% in July 2008 indicating a rise of US$3.4bn as compared to June 2008 soaring to US$62.2bn above economists’ expectations of US$58bn. The import bill continued to grow to its highest level in the month of July as the prices of oil and other commodities reached their peak levels. However, it is also observed that both imports and exports of the U.S. continued to grow in contrast to the slow
Introduction X-rays are “electromagnetic radiation of exactly the same nature as light, but much shorter than light wavelength” (Künzel, Okuno, Levenhagen and Umisedo, 2013). X-ray images are generally found in most health facilities such as orthopaedic, dentist, and chiropractor departments. X-ray radiology techniques have been effective forms of managing cancer through imaging processes. The method is cost effective and easy to use in emergencies. However, the efficacy of an X-ray technique depends on the image quality, which relies on the X-ray absorption through the exposed tissues. There are different X-ray procedures, such as computed tomography. Computed tomography uses a contrast agent that is “injected directly into the blood stream followed by immediate imaging” (Künzel et al., 2013). The role of a contrast agent is to enhance attenuation of the X-ray procedure in the area of the targeted body part. In X-ray imaging, a number of things take place. When light strikes an object, the object, tissue in this case will absorb, reflect, transmit, or refract light (fig. 1). X-ray transmission depends on photons of light. The absorbed photons usually never pass through the tissue. Reflected photons also do not gain access to the inside of the object. Instead, they turn back towards the source of light. Still, transmitted photons pass through the object. Refracted photons also pass through the object, but the object usually changes the rays as they leave. Figure 1: X-ray beams absorption, reflection, transmission, and refraction X-ray absorption in medicine X-ray found its application in medicine because of its abilities to pass through the body. Any object that is between the X-ray tube and a thin plain film normally produces a shadow that creates a negative image. The procedure has been effective because tissues of the body have abilities to absorb X-ray, but at different rates. However, the challenge has been that most tissues of the body normally consist of water. This makes the resulting image to look similar during X-ray processes. Radiographers have generally identified few tissues, which have distinct differences from one another in terms of X-ray absorption. Knowledge of electromagnetic spectrum and X-ray spectrum are imperative for many diagnostic X-ray imaging usages. This also includes dose calculation and energy decomposition (Duan, Wang, Yu, Leng and McCollougha, 2011). Radiographers have noted the rise in estimates that involve patient doses during CT procedures. In addition, knowledge in clinical dual-energy has also become critical for radiographers. This results from the high photon flux, which makes it difficult to estimate or measure spectra from the X-ray tube of the scanner. Radiographers have relied on indirect approaches in order to estimate the level of spectrum during transmission. Duan and colleagues noted that there were a number of methods applied in estimating CT spectra, but they concluded that the “expectation maximisation (EM) method was an accurate and a robust method of solving t
Definition The current concept of ‘green’ funerals began in the U.K. in the early 1990s and it gained popularity across the world. Often, green funeral is tantamount with eco burials, woodland burials, and meadow funerals. The fact that there are numerous woodland burial sites accessible for green funerals in the United Kingdom relative to only 50 in the late 1990s, makes it a more appealing alternative for those individuals planning for their dear ones or their own funeral (“Green funerals” par. 1). Comparison between traditional and green funeral A traditional funeral and burial in the United States cost between $6,000 and $10,000, at the same necessitates embalming using formaldehyde, and requires the use of indecomposable steel casket and concrete burial chamber. This undertaking usually requires a burial plots and are normally eyesore (Smith 2003). On the other hand, green burial can cost half the expenditures in traditional burial and embalming, concrete vaults and steel caskets are not allowed. As opposed to metal casket, biodegradable materials such as cardboard or wood are used to construct casket, or biodegradable fibers are used for shroud. In addition, green graves are indicated using natural features such as planting of a shrub or a tree, else with placement of an indigenous slab. Also, burial sites are marked with a geographic information system [GIS] so that future descendants are can locate an ancestor’s grave (Smith 2003). Why green funeral is gaining popularity According to Lobster Habitat (para. 3), plot space is running out through out America. This trend has been brought about by common family relocations and high divorce rate has lead people to stop visiting their local cemetery to pay tribute to their departed one. Cremation has overtaken tradition
Introduction Fashion is a term that is used to describe the current trends in dressing especially in clothes, accessories, hair styles and footwear. Culture and customs affects the fashion of a particular society. Has fashion really affected the culture? Fashion is usually imitated across cultures and this leads to lack of order in a culture. This makes society lose identity as they eventually forget their roots in culture. Fashion keeps changing and this leads to instability in cultures. Fashion is usually seasonal and changes with time. What is the trend of growth in fashion? What has led to the accelerated change in fashion? This paper will look at fashion in depth and answer questions on change in fashion. Discussion Fashion is a word that is used to refer to clothing in general. This refers to costumes, fabrics, and designs used to make dresses. In western culture, fashion has been changing rapidly depending on seasons. These have been observed by other cultures and have commented on it as instability and lack of order in western culture. In western nations, there have been continuous changes in clothing for men and women. Fashion distinct classes of people in the society where complex and sophisticated fashion is related with the rich and modernity. Change in fashion has been accelerating century after another as it has been now taken by many people as a career. Fashion is also dictated by the occasion, for example, weddings (Laver, 1979). Art historians are able to use fashion in dating images with confidence and clarity. They do this after five years as in 15th century. Marie. Icon of fashion Changes in fashion have continuously distinguished the upper class of Europeans and also have led to development of distinctive national styles. The affluence of early modern Europe has led even the poor and peasants’ following the trends of fashion at a distance and this is the main motor of change in fashion. The 16th century portraits in German and Italy makes a good example as there were changes in hats designs and it was referred as Spanish style (Timothy, 1999). Colour and pattern of clothes changed year after year but cuttings on length of dresses of both ladies and coats of men changed slowly. Men styles usually were imitated from military officers or in theatres of European war where men were able to dress up in foreign styles. Increased publication of French engravings that showed Paris styles made the fashion to change rapidly from 1780s. By 1800 western Europeans were dressing alike although there were local variations that distinguished provincial culture (Braudel, 2004). Dressmakers and tailors have contributed to the changes in fashion for they continue to invent new styles and designs in the market. Professional designers have a hand in the accelerated change in fashion. The flapper styles of 1920s for women marked the major changes in design. The length of skirts was shortened and they were made to be loose fitting (Cumming, 2005). Today, people have a wide range of fashion to choo
History of Hispanics In the history of the U.S, New Spain came into existence before New England. Santa Fe and N.M also came before Mass and Boston. Most of the studies that focus on U.S history emphasize on how the British colonies of North America were found and their subsequent growth, their gaining of independence in 1776 and the east to west growth of the U. S. This approach disregards the truth that the current American Southwest was significantly colonized by Spain since the 16 th century. The fact that the entire Southwest region was characterized by individuals who spoke Spanish, with their unique culture, heritage and customs for a long period of time is also not considered. This fact is only recognized after reference to the Mexican War is made (Guisepi, n.d). The groups of U.S Citizens who spoke Spanish and became part of the country due to the Mexican War are known as Mexican Americans. Additional Spanish-Speaking individuals originated from Puerto Rico and Cuba while few immigrated from South and Central America. All these individuals are collectively referred to as Hispanics. Culture of Hispanics Hispanics comprise of an ethnic minority in the U.S with the fastest growth rate. Approximately 60 per cent of the Hispanics is believed to have originated from Mexico. Despite the fact that their experiences of discrimination have not been as pronounced as those of African Americans, some of them have nonetheless been characterized by low education and economic levels. Hispanic is not a term with an ethnic orientation but rather makes reference to a native cultural and language background. The group referred to as Hispanics is comprised of individuals whose ethnic origins are diverse. Since the Hispanics have a strong attachment to their particular national origin, they do not consider themselves a group with single identity (Guisepi, n.d). Despite the fact that they are spread throughout the U.S, their number is higher in some regions than others. For instance, the states of California and Texas constitute about 50 per cent of all Hispanics that live in the U.S. Their concentration is however most significant in Miami, which is also referred to as Dade country. The immigration of Hispanics into the U.S is justified by two fundamental reasons. The first one is that they were running away from political incrimination whi
Metaphoric language is a lot more common in everyday life than many people think it is. Metaphors are used for a variety of purposes: some of them are common expressions that people use without being fully aware of their metaphorical sense; others, on the contrary, are used intentionally – for instance, to support an argument or to persuade a person to think about a topic in a certain way. In the latter case, one of the major users of metaphors are newspapers, which want both to attract people to read their articles and to incite a certain opinion on the topic in the audience. For both purposes, the use of metaphorical language in headlines is crucial to catch the people’s attention and to trigger a chain of association that will direct the readers’ focus to a particular side of the topic explored. One of the most explorative sources on the use of metaphors in everyday language is Lakoff and Johnsen’s book Metaphors We Live By , first published in 1980. The authors claim that one of the most common metaphors used for argumentative purposes is connected to the concepts of war and violence (Lakoff and Johnsen, 2003). In this essay, I want to explore three newspaper headlines that utilize metaphors of war and violence to generate a desired feeling towards the subject in the audience. One of the first examples is from an article in Daily O, a popular Indian newspaper. The headline of the article is “Making Pakistan bleed by a thousand cuts”. The article explores Indian perspective on Pakistan-sponsored terrorism. According to the author, the strategy has to have two sides to it: first, the improvement of anti-terrorism practices and policies, and second, the stabilization of the relationships between Pakistan and India (Merchant, 2016). Nevertheless, the headline appears to be rather unsuited
In general, the use and organization of statistical data are used in medical practice with a wide range of applications. The main task is to establish specific generalized information that could help in medical or professional practice and improve the work of medical personnel. Moreover, the results of statistical studies can be used to disclose and inform the general public in order to increase the awareness of the population. The types of statistical analysis practices are divided into traditional parametric and non-parametric. The first and most common type of analysis uses statistical data and computational methods in order to guess the repeatability and logic of the development of a calculated parameter (Gray et al., 2021). If the results of traditional computational analysis turn out to be insufficiently accurate or produce an insufficient amount of new information, they are considered invalid. In this case, testing and statistics collection models are needed that are nonparametric and offer other ways of calculating and organizing information. In the first described experimental case, the approach of the assistants of a group of patients with intellectual disabilities is considered. The problem of helping mentally difficult patients in medical practice has not been considered in sufficient detail. Therefore, the study aims to show the breadth of necessary practical skills of nurses and proxies that are often ignored by the scientific community (Fisher et al., 2010). In order to demonstrate all the complexity of decision-making in various special cases, an unconventional computational approach was required. In the study, the primary need is not only to provide a slice of information that affects the entire structural complexity of decision-making, but also to organize it in detail. In this case, the researchers had too many hypothetical scenarios to take into account, which made it necessary to resort to an ex
Introduction The study of the mind is considered to be a science in itself. Basically, its so because it focuses on the functioning of the brain and the output thereafter as in character of an individual (cause and effect). Psychology is the term used to describe this as “the scientific study of the way the human mind functions”. In the past that there have been several means through which man has attempted to study the mind including functionalism, psychoanalysis and behaviorism among others. What Experts Say The experts in this field used several approaches to study the mind. Behaviorism has been the commonest as it shows better results and easy interpretation. As a science, the study of the mind has been suggested to include nature of the mind, the way it functions and the possible inner being or human activities of the mind (Holmes, 12). This will include issues like thought, concentration, intent and imagination. This is very beneficial as it has been indicated to develop techniques that enable people become conscious of the mind function and enhance use and control of such functions. The law of effect is very critical in the study of the mind. It describes the thoughts as cause the manifested likeness is the effect. This law exemplifies a universal fact that thoughts are just things and that they are real and with an effect on the forces that infuse and create life in the whole universe (Holmes, 19). Though not dense matter, thoughts help people create their own realities and qualities of life. These manifestations are as a result of thinking and physical behaviors are effects of action. Studying the mind is made possible by studying the human behavior. This is because the thought from the mind is considered a cause and the behavior thereafter as the effect (Santrock, 23). This is where the law of effect comes into play. Some books that can be of importance include The Science of Mind by Ernest Holmes; Ernst R and Blair-Broeker’s Thinking about Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior; J.W Santrock’s Psychology: the science of mind and behavior and Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior by Gross Richard. Theory of Consciousness According to the theory of consciousness, it’s through this awareness that people get to know the world around them and within. Consciousness is integrated on several things and that the information the mind pe