ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Among the variety of graphic formats, there are two key categories such as vector and raster images. They serve different purposes, have a peculiar structure, and complement each other. Vector images, in contrast to raster ones, are described by geometrical formulas, not pattern dots. Therefore, they can be increased or decreased without loss of quality since the formula remains the same, and only the scale changes. In bitmap images, each square called raster has its color and brightness, composing a mosaic. The more points on the plane and the smaller they are, the more one sees the image. Looking at the screen with thousands of dots of different colors and shades, people identify objects and images composed from them (McAndrew, 2015). For example, any digital photo consists of these multicolored dots. A raster image, unlike a vector image, is capable of transmitting a realistic image with a lot of small details. The computer remembers the colors of all the squares in a row in a certain order, which explains why bitmaps require more memory to store information. According to McAndrew (2015), the mentioned images are also difficult to scale and even harder to edit. To enlarge an image, it is necessary to increase the size of the squares, and then it becomes stepped. To reduce the raster pattern, one has to transform several neighboring points into one or throw away extra points. As a result, the image is distorted, and its small details become illegible. Vector images do not consist of dots containing color information, but reference points and vector lines connecting them. A vector image contains information about the positions of points as well as data about the line passing through the reference points. In other words, a vector image includes information in the form of formulas and mathematical calculations, having a small size regardless of the actual scale of the depicted canvas (McAndrew, 2015). Vector images are especially useful when there is a need to increase a photo or any other picture without losing its quality. For example, various logos, business cards, and banners for websites need vector images in terms of design. Although Adobe Photoshop allows working with vector images, it is still a raster editor. The Adobe Illustrator and CorelDraw programs are more appropriate for working with vector images. Thus, vector images are based on geometrical formulas, while raster pictures have pattern dots. It is noteworthy that vector graphics can be easily transferred to raster format. A vector image can be converted into a bitmap image of the required resolution, but it is rather difficult to convert the bitmap image into a vector without loss of quality. In general, vector images require less memory to store necessary data compared to raster images. Reference McAndrew, A. (2015). A computational introduction to digital image processing (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
The customers are the major source of profit for any business. To succeed, the company should care for its clients. Besides, it is not only the question of expanding the customer base and search of potential customers but also the maintenance of the loyalty of the existing ones. However, sometimes the bad experience in servicing customers can be turned in favor of the business. There is a famous statement: “ Your most unhappy customer can be your greatest asset.” I guess it can be so. Last year I was in a situation when Qatar Airways, one of the major air passengers’ carriers in the region, delayed the night flight New York-Doha for seven hours without any reasonable explanation. I had to spend all night at the airport waiting for the response from the representatives of the airways. The airport did not explain anything blaming only the airways for the delay. Around 4 a.m. the passengers were finally notified of the boarding. I should say that I and the other passengers were extremely nervous and tired of waiting at the airport all night. Besides, many of us had to go to work or college in the morning or had some other plans. Frankly speaking, we were not only late but were not, essentially, able to do something. However, the airways managed to turn the situation in its favor. The first action it undertook was to provide us with food and beverages. Then, the airways had an arrangement with a certain network of restaurants at the airport. The representatives of the airways contacted the network as soon as possible and agreed to pay for the 50% discount for any dish ordered by us during the flight delay period. A lot of passengers took advantage of the opportunity. The chairs and the whole atmosphere at the restaurant were much more comfortable than in the waiting room. Moreover, the company reimbursed the full value of the ticket price and publicly apologized for the inconvenience. After a couple of days, the passengers knew that after the debates with the airport, the airways proved its guiltlessness in the accident. It was the technical fault of the airport specialists, which led to the delay. The airport was charged to reimburse the amounts spent by the airways. I think the fast reaction of Qatar Airways to the situation helped it to position itself as the reliable provider of the airways services as well as the company taking care of its customers. Undoubtedly, the actions of the company helped it to increase the customers’ loyalty. It can be said that the inconvenience caused to the customers by the airport was smartly used by the airways to support its image.
Some basic points on Valachis’s article Essential competencies for a hospitality management career: the role of hospitality management education by Ioannis Valachis is considered to be the article of the current analysis. The basic theme the author investigates in his work is the importance of hospitality management education. Generally, Valachis’ primary goal is to investigate whether competencies of the hospitality industry differ from the competencies of the educational organisations or no. The country of the current analysis is Greece. The author specifies that the Hellenic Republic can be regarded as the most appropriate place, which hospitality management education systems are properly developed. Thus, it becomes evident that Valachis considers hospitality management education as extremely important variable the success of travel business depends upon. The most important components of the article, which should be critically analysed include the abstract, the introduction, the methodology, conclusions and recommendations. Some additional variables of the analysis involve a sense of objectivity, the author’s writing style and the summary of the major parts. A critical evaluation of Ioannis Valachis’ article: the author’s arguments When reading the introduction, one can probably notice that according to the author, coming up to a wide range of expectations of tourism is the key goal hospitality management education is to promote (Valachis 2). The abstract of the current article reflects the same idea; therefore, one can suppose that the author’s further arguments are to be consistent. Generally, at first sight, it seems that Valachis’s arguments are developed in a proper way: thus, the author provides readers with certain reliable data, which cannot be questioned. However, a deeper analysis of the author’s reasoning gives me an opportunity to conclude that Valachis is afraid of expressing his own opinion. As far as he relies on other researchers’ arguments all over (the author provides readers with opinions of such researchers as Fitzgerald and Cullen, Bell and Weitman, Goodman and Sprague Umbreit, Ross, Enz, Renaghan, and Geller, Baum and Nickson, Okeiyi, Finley and Postel, etc.), it becomes obvious that he does not confirm his own viewpoints with certain reliable data but just enumerates well-known facts. Moreover, the relation between the claim and the evidence Valachis introduces in his article is not strengthened; one can notice that the evidence is not integrated with the author’s own ideas, so, the use of most of the quotations can be regarded as ineffective (“Writing” par. 12). In other words, the author’s article is devoid of newness. His every sentence is considered to be a fixed statement, which cannot be critically analysed, as it reflects the conclusions of other authors. That is to say, Valachis failed in his own judgment. The author’s inability to formulate hypotheses as well as prove or reject them means that readers are also unable to trace back the author’s ideas coheren
The subject of frontline clinical and supervisory practice in mental health setting is slowly moving away from the biomedical and positivist framework and towards post-modernist perspectives rooted in social justice. According to LeFrancois, Menzies, and Geoffrey (2013), the root of oppression in modern mental health settings comes from the insistence on using socially-approved and constructed definitions of sanity. Since it is the dominant parts of the hierarchies defining what is to be considered sane and what is not, clinical and supervisory practice can be used as a tool against them (LeFrancois et al., 2013). These findings correlate with the writings by Joseph (2013), who concurs with LeFrancois in that social work and supervision, in its current interpretation by most social workers, is oppressive and discredited towards women, people of color, and members of the LGBTQ. Based on these findings, it could be concluded that Social justice leadership is meant to become the remedy and the ideological, political, and medical opponent of the dominant positivist biomedical paradigm. Morley (2003) highlights the fact that frontline clinical and supervisory practices not only have the most effect on individuals in questions, but also the most interaction. Therefore, they have the potential to become the locomotive of change for patients and the industry. The implications for social justice leadership and frontline supervision are that social care and social work have to be the first to realize the flaws and inconsistencies of the positivist biomedical framework and start promoting social justice values and post-modernist approaches within their own ranks. The absence of critical thought in the widespread acceptance of sanist and positivist approaches is to be fought against by viewing, contrasting, and assessing alternative points of view that could answer the questions that the current dominant paradigm cannot. Postmodernist and critical assessment of practices and approaches is to be endorsed in order to gain trust of patients and promote social justice values. The attitude towards the patients is to be changed as well, from the supervisor seeing their role as corrective, towards nurturing, empowering, and supportive, with respect to a patient’s voice and worldview.
Introduction Research on organizational issues could not come at a better time for there is the need to understand the issues facing RACQ and make necessary changes. The report is significant as it gives the management a channel to implement changes in the HRD practices and solve organizational issues by understanding their implications. The main purpose of the report is to give an understanding of organizational issues facing RACQ and their implications to the development of human resources at RACQ. This report discusses organizational issues including competition, management style, operational issues, employment issues, change, and change management practices at RACQ (Clegg 1977 p. 8). The report has a limitation since its basis is information from RACQ’s website generated by RACQ’S management. Manipulation of information for the benefit of the organizations profitability image is a possibility. The report tries to overcome this limitation using varied studies as shown in the bibliography at last page of the report. Body Human Resource Development (HRD) refers to a theoretical framework that guides an organization to expand its human resources and capital with the aim of achieving improved and optimum productivity (Wilson 2005, p. 23). This is in line with companies’ major aim of increasing productivity and ultimately, maximizing on profits. The capacities of individuals and human resource are dependent on their skills to deliver to the expectations of the organization. Through trainings and skills development, organizations are able to improve their effectiveness of the key competencies of the employees. Effective human resource management ensures that the organizations are able to manage change, innovation and adoption of technology. With this in mind, RACQ is an organization that has numerous challenges that could be resolved by initiating effective human development program. An analysis of RACQ revealed organizational issues facing the company and their implications on HRD in RACQ. The company faces internal and external organizational issues as detailed in this part of the report. Various circumstances in the last ten years including wars and military skirmishes and a high rate of technological innovation have influenced organizational issues in the organization (Clegg 1990 p. 124). The occurrence of these incidences has led to the need for examination of organizational issues facing RACQ. This is a requisite to survive and change the development of new product and ways in the achievement of the company objectives and functions (Griffin & Moorhead 2011, p. 12). The following is a detail of the key organizational issues facing the company: Competition RACQ face competition from upcoming brands especially in the insurance sector of the company’s operations. RACQ tumultuous year, 2011 coupled by an increase in lawsuits for compensation is an issue the company has to face head on in overcoming competition. Competitors aim at using the misfortunes at RACQ and lack of well
Abstract Different social norms and practices quite often impose a certain responsibility on people, and the neglect of these norms is fraught with at least mass censure. One of such unspoken rules is related to such a commonplace sphere as cooking. In particular, it is the eating of horse meat. It is considered to be taboo in the US and some other English-speaking countries and is regarded as an act of ignorance, disrespect for people, and a lack of morality. For a complete picture of the issue, the history of this norm’s formation in the US, as well as its features from the economic, cultural, and social points of view, will be further considered. Introduction Meat dishes always occupied an important place on the American dining table, and some of them have become real symbols of certain holidays, for example, a turkey for Thanksgiving Day. However, the use of some meat products is not always perceived unambiguously. To be more specific, it is about horse meat, the product that once became the cause of heated disputes between animal advocates and those who had nothing against this type of meat. Something like a taboo on horse meat consumption has become a feature of economically developed countries. However, a number of other factors play an essential role in such a decision. Some criteria significantly influence people’s opinions regarding the problem, causing the taboo. Therefore, in addition to the economic criterion, it is necessary to consider the influence of historical prerequisites, as well as cultural and political arguments regarding this issue. As a justification, some scholarly articles will be used. It is supposed that the consumption of horse meat is taboo caused by society’s development and the change of views. The History of Horse Meat Consumption It is noteworthy that taboos in food exist in almost every society. They can vary from ancient generic beliefs about the spirits of some animals that should not be offended by religious laws about food (Meyer-Rochow, 2009). Also, as Meyer-Rochow (2009) claims, these rules prohibit the use of certain products or their combinations that are considered to be unhealthy or unclean. Taboos in food also include more informal rules about what animals the society considers the human’s friends and what products people eat. Since horses in history have fallen into both these categories, their status is particularly difficult. Over the past centuries, these animals have turned into people’s friends from the means of transportation of heavy things. Thus, as Ibrahim and Howarth (2017) note, the descendants of modern Americans arrived in the continent, bringing horses with them and using them as labor. They were also eaten because their meat was considered to be rich in protein and had a characteristic taste. Nevertheless, the noble origin of horses began to be taken into account. The cost of such animals could be very expensive, for example, because of a rare breed, and eating such meat for food would be wrong. According to T
Summary Food outlets are always very important as it helps individuals who may not have the capacity to eat in their houses for various reasons. Hygiene is one of the most important factors to be considered in a food outlet. Most of the food outlets have failed to take care of the hygiene in their premises, putting their customers at great risk of getting diseases due to the contamination of food they eat. The country spends a lot of money treating health-related complications. Manzella (2007, p. 67) says that some of the citizens of this great nation have lost their lives because of unhygienic foods served to them. This is very unfortunate in this twenty-first century with all the sophisticated tools and machines that have been invented to help in keeping foodstuffs safe for consumption. The ministry of health has pushed for laws to be enacted by the parliament to help govern the sale of food within this country. The city council of London and many other cities within this country has also come up with regulations that would help enhance hygiene in the food outlets. The regulations are not meant to punish proprietors in this industry. However, they are meant to ensure that everyone who visits the stores is safe from any risk of food contamination. Cases involving food poi
Introduction The organizational culture of each company includes several dimensions that define the atmosphere within the organization. Dysfunctional Software strives to create an engaging and supportive climate in the firm to attract new associates who would be inspired and loyal to its goals. As such, it needs to evaluate its organizational culture and structure so it can represent them faithfully and positively in its recruitment video. As a model of organizational culture and structure, this report will use Zendesk, a business that attracts hundreds of specialists as a comfortable workplace with growth opportunities for the valued specialists. Seven Dimensions of Culture Discussion Although each organization has unique characteristics, some emphasize similar values and methods to achieve their goals. Most corporations could be placed into one of the categories proposed in the seven-dimensioned Organizational Culture Profile (OCP) model. This instrument was developed by three consultants, Jennifer Chatman, David Caldwell, and Charles O’Reilly III (Lumen, n.d.a). Ideally, the values and expectations of the workers should match those of their company. The detail-oriented firms value precision in service, communication, and record-keeping. The innovative companies focus on inventing new products or methods to achieve ambitious results. The atmosphere in such firms is often creative so that groups and individuals could work on their projects. Aggressive businesses value the competitive spirit and constantly encourage productivity. This may lead to conflicts with other firms on the market. Outcome-oriented companies focus on the quantitative results, for example, sales profits or the number of people engaged. Stable organizations with much bureaucracy maintain consistent requirements, procedures, and work process details. Such businesses are predictable but rarely flexible or creative, which limits the growth opportunities for the employees. People-oriented companies value their workers and make the corporate atmosphere as comfortable as possible for everyone involved. Finally, team-oriented businesses encourage people to work together on common goals (Lumen, n.d.a). Sometimes companies exhibit signs of belonging to several OCP categories, but there is usually a dominant one. Zendesk’s Video Facts and Examples Zendesk’s marketing team created an advertisement video to attract the employees with values similar to those desired and supported by the company. It is very detailed when showing many nuances the potential worker would have to encounter, from the fish names Firewitch at the marketing department to the local bar where some of the firms associated go for drinks sometimes (Zendesk, 2012). This corresponds with the detail-oriented category of th
Introduction Recycling is the process of reusing materials. It could also be termed as the act of processing used materials that ought to be disposed as waste into new products. The process mainly aims at conserving resources through prevention of wastage of materials that could be used in other ways, reduction of utilization of new raw materials and reduction of energy usage and pollution (air, water and land). Recycling has become a very essential process in today’s world especially due to the deterioration of the environment brought about by aspects like pollution and global warming. This piece of work looks at the different aspects associated with the process of recycling with much emphasis being given to the history of recycling and the facts associated with recycling process. Background information about recycling California Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Waste Management Board (2) asserts that recycling has been practices for quite a long period of time (as long as nature and human beings have existed). Recycling can be traced back to many years ago for example where there was some recycling of dinosaurs to produce oil and gas in California. This was made possible through formation of sedimentary rocks from the remains that would turn into oil and gas through subjection to heat and pressure. The change of lifestyle for instance from nomadic life to a more settled lifestyle also led to accumulation of wastes that necessitated some means of managing the waste hence improvising of way of disposal which entailed some aspects of recycling. The coming up of organizations for instance churches and governmental bodies that had a vision of having a healthy nation also led to adoption of recycling oriented activities aimed at making the earth a better place to live in. Traditionally, recycling was mainly undertaken to avoid wasting resources and avoid diseases. The concept of conserving the environment and natural resources was not a key consideration. This could be as a result of the availability of adequate natural resources with a relatively less densely populated world. The reasons behind recycling have however changed day by day as people’s needs keep on changing with the major reason being the conservation of the scarce resources that the rising population keeps at risk. Other reasons include creation of jobs and improvement of the economy. Some of the notable recycling strategies involve the use of waste paper to make new paper in Japan in 1031 BC, production of paper from materials different from the traditional cotton and linen in England in 1801 BC, and establishment of a material recovery facility in the city of New York in the year 1897 among others. Today, there are many programs and strategies that have been put in place for the purpose of recycling waste products with an aim of conserving the environment and saving on the scarce natural resources. This is a way of achieving environmental sustainability for the