ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The country of Bahrain prides itself on being the most attractive investment location in the Middle East region (Anon 1). The country has internationally recognized strong financial systems, a relatively stable economic and political system, and a strategic location that creates a favorable environment for doing business (Anon 1). The Pasta manufacturing company will therefore reap benefits associated with the country’s competitive advantage upon establishment of their company in the region. However, the company needs to market itself and its products in the region’s market to survive competition by other related firms in the market. Brand Name and Corporate Identity Corporate identity should focus on the visual representation of the company in terms of logo and design. The visual image should emphasize the presence and personality projected by the Pasta Company. The company is in the food industry, which is an emerging sector in Bahrain’s Economy. Corporate identity should therefore demonstrate the power in the products that the Pasta Company is presenting to the market. The company’s logo should set the company apart from any other food company dealing with pasta in the region and should be unique for the consumers to easily identify the company from anywhere in the region. For instance, the company may use a graphical representation of a unique pasta meal as its logo. In the development of corporate identity, corporate behavior and ethics should be clearly outlined. Consumers’ preferences are heavily dependent on the company’s actions and conduct toward them. Consequently, the Pasta Company should focus on presenting the appropriate image that is necessary for building consumer confidence and loyalty. For example, the company may adopt green measures aimed at preserving the environment such as utilizing renewable sources of energy as well as recycling its products. Corporate responsibility in environmental concerns promotes a company’s popularity in the modern market where environmental concerns are constantly being raised in the day to day activities. Further, in the promotion of corporate identity, communication should be heavily emphasized as part of corporate identity. The extensive advertisement should be undertaken in electronic and print media. The company should utilize such media as press releases, news features, and phone services to inform the target market of its new products. The brand name may take different forms. It can be the name of the business or the company may pick a specific name for the product (Stone 68). It is of prime importance for the company’s product to be easily identified among a range of pasta products in the local market. A new establishment such as the Pasta Company should develop a brand name from the outset. This would enable the company to build and develop the brand image over time consequently transforming it into its popular label brand. The Pasta Company may brand its pasta products
Hitler was born in the Austrian village of Braunau Am Inn on April 20, 1889, to Klara and Alois Hitler. During his early years, he used to have great disagreements with his father over his choice of career in arts instead of civil service. That was until his father died of natural causes in 1903 when Hitler was only 14 years old. However, he later fled Vienna to Munich so as to avoid mandatory military service. Hitler was invited to join the German workers part after the founder of the party was pleased with his oratory abilities and therefore saw that they could use him to their benefit. Hitler’s oratory abilities make him have a great influence on the party (The rise of Adolf Hitler, n.d.). Hitler realizing that some people within the party were plotting his downfall, resigned from the party. Due to their great influence, he had the party saw the need to retain him and therefore took him back as the leader of the party a term which he had offered the party if he was to become back the party. Hitler was later accused of treason, a case that was highly publicized. During the court hearing, he used the courtroom to spread his propaganda. Hitler was later found guilty but sentenced to only five years but was paroled after nine months due to the influence which he had on the people and the judges who were sympathetic towards him. He came out of jail to reorganize the party and consolidate his position as the leader of the party. The great depression led to many political problems in Germany which provided the right opportunity for the Nazi to enter parliament during the preceding election through the use of Hitler’s speech-making abilities and ability to manipulate the masses. The election made the Nazi party be the second party in Germany with 18 percent of the votes and 107 seats in parliament. Hitler ran for president against Paul von Hindenburg, the incumbent president only to get 36 percent of the votes after a run-off with von Hindenburg garnering 53 percent of the votes. Kurt von Schleicher, an army officer who had the ambition of getting to power himself schemed the downfall of the chancellor and other members of the government after the chancellor had banned SA and SS all across Germany. Prior to the downfall of the government officials, Schleicher had made an agreement with Hitler seeking his support. Kurt von Schleicher would later be appointed the chancellor by the president. Schleicher later resigned due to his inability to run the government and the lack of trust of the other members of the cabinet. This paved way for the appointment of Hitler as the Chancellor of the republic, though the President did not like the idea. Soon after Hitler
The definition of Child Sexual Abuse Sexual activity is considered Child Sexual abuse, if:   * A child does not fully comprehend it;   * A child is unable to give informed consent to it;   * A child is not developmentally prepared for it;   * It violates the laws or social taboos of society. Many researchers provide different definitions of child sexual abuse in their studies. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) as “the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not fully comprehend, is unable to give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared and cannot give consent, or that violates the laws or social taboos of society.” Forms of Child Sexual Abuse   * Fondling.   * Inviting a child to be touched or touch sexually.   * Intercourse.   * Exhibitionism.   * Involving a child in pornography or prostitution.   * Luring a child online by cyber-predators. Child sexual abuse is a variety of sexual activities that an abuser can perform. These include fondling, sexual touches, intercourse, and exhibitionism. Forcible or fraudulent actions that aim to involve a child in prostitution or pornography, as well as online luring, are also considered sexual abuse. All the activities mentioned above are illegal even if a child has given their consent to it, especially if that consent is uninformed. Child Sexual Abuse and related Psychopathology According to thematic studies, sexual abuse in childhood may lead to various mental health conditions in the future. The minds of children and adolescents are often unstable and weak, which is why they can be highly susceptible to different psychic disorders. Therefore, incidents of child sexual abuse can cause childhood trauma that may negatively affect the future life of a child or even lead to a severe mental illness. Potential psychopathologies   * Depression.   * Anxiety.   * Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). According to recent studies, child sexual abuse is associated with different psychopathologies after the incident. These include developing depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD for short. The researchers state that the victims of child sexual abuse are at increased risk of obtaining the mental illnesses mentioned above. Therefore, CSA can be dangerous for children’s mental health because it can lead to a severe mental condition in adulthood. Abuse characteristics   * Type of abuse.   * Onset.   * Severity.   * Duration. The researchers claim that the risk of psychopathology depends on specific characteristics of abuse. These include the type of abuse (physical or sexual), onset (age at first victimization), severity, and duration since some cases involve long-term abuse. Thereby, victims of child sexual abuse demonstrate vastly divergent outcomes in their mental health in adulthood. Specific sets of abuse characteristics may lead to different mental disorders in the future. Onset significance Most studies divide childhood into three developmental periods:   * Early childhood.   * Childhood.   * Adolescence. There are three childhood developmental periods – early childhood, c
Follicular atresia refers to a common degenerative process in the mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate ovary, through which the bulk of the oocytes at different stages of development or growth are lost other than go through the ovulation process. There have been several opinions regarding the causes of follicular atresia.This implies that the cause and timing of follicular atresia is not well understood. However, the morphological, histochemical and biochemical changes of follicular atresia have been described in the recent past. Atresia is often manifested with noticeable “morphological, histochemical and biochemical changes in the various components of the follicle which can be described in relation to primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary follicles.”(Guojun Cheng) It occurs in the ovaries and makes it difficult to tell whether structural changes of oocytes and their cells are normal or degenerative. Atresia affects the primordial and primary follicles at different rates for different species and strains. The differences can be studied in “frozen gelatin sections which show little distortion.” (Guojun Cheng) Studies conducted by the electron microscope have also shown that the nuclear and ooplasmic contents condense, resulting in an increased electron density. Sub mammalian vertebrates have relatively rare cases of atresia in the primary follicles. “The morphological and histochemical features of atretic primordial and primary follicles vary greatly among the mammalian species and other vertebrates.”(Guojun Cheng) The main features by which the atretic primordial oocytes have been distinguished from normal ones is through shrinkage and crinkled appearance of the nuclear envelope. The second method of distinction is by the detection of unevenly distributed chromatin which is fragmented. In the early stages of degenerative change there is appearance of lysosomes containing dense material that varies in structure as demonstrated In vitro by the electron microscope. Mitochondrial alterations, visualization of vacuole and myelin structures are major signs of early degeneration in smaller oocytes. The role of hormones in the development of follicular atresia can be described by the following. “Promordial follicles often remain dormant for long period of time until they are stimulated to develop; in women this can be as long as 50 years.” (Guojun Cheng) An intricate network composed of paracrine and endocrine systems is “involved in the recruitment of the dormant oocytes into the growth pool, where the follicles progress through a morphologically well characterized developmental stages of primary, secondary, tertiary, pre-ovulation and finally to ovulation.” (Guojun Cheng) Follicular atresia can be regarded as an apoptosis that is controlled by two hormones, estrogen and Follicle stimulating hormone. The two hormones are vital for “follicles to escape atresia and reach the preovulatory follicle stage. FSH elevates estrogen levels through stimula
Literature Review The present literature review is devoted to the topics of smart services (SS) and the re-engineering processes that are required to implement SS. As of late, the UAE has been actively employing SS in the form of e-government, and Dubai is not an exception in this respect (Dubai Electricity and Water Authority, 2016; Kusek, Verheijen, & Bhatti, 2014). As a result, the introduction of SS at DEWA has been informed by theory and practice and promoted by the government, which allows for situating the event in a literature review on the topic. Smart Services Service is regarded as a “smart” one if it employs modern technologies and innovative approaches or models to improve its ability to reach its goal, which is typically concerned with customer satisfaction that can be achieved through the development of various service parameters like effectiveness or speed (Dolicanin, Kajan, Randjelovic, & Stojanovic, 2014). Concerning the government, SS is concerned with public services that are enhanced through the use of technology to improve their effectiveness as well as the transparency of the actions of the government (Kusek et al., 2014). Both these outcomes are increasingly demanded by modern governments, which explains their interest in SS and smart government that can also be termed as e-government (Morton-Huddleston, 2012). The implementation of SS is typically correlated with the significant change that often restructures the processes of an organization. As a result, SS is correlated with the re-engineering process that can be defined as the noticeable structural change (Davenport, 2013; Mola et al., 2015). Apart from that, the success of SS largely depends on the way it has been implemented (Bhatnagar, 2009, p. 79). As a result, the importance of process re-engineering for SS cannot be overestimated. E-Government The idea of smart e-government has been developing since the 1970s together with the general access of the public to computer technologies (Al-Jenaibi, 2016, p. 21). The notion of e-government defines the use of modern communication technologies by the government, but it may be suggested that the common feature of using these technologies consists of the aim to “transform relations with citizens, businesses and other arms of government” by developing these relations, increasing the quality and quantity of information provided to citizens, enhancing the government’s effectiveness, and generally improving the services that are offered by the body or institution (Kumar, 2015, p. 81). Apart from that, the governments that employ e-governmental technologies also often expect that the innovation will contribute to other aspects of its activities, eventually resulting in the improvement of the country’s financial and environmental sustainability (Dolicanin et al., 2014). It can be suggested that SS in the field of government is not equa
This paper provides a personal feedback on the instructional document “Printing and Sending out Newsletters from the Counselling Department”. The instructional document provided a detailed step-by-step instruction on how to prepare, print and fold newsletters for the Counselling department. Reading the instructional document, I could sense the business approach of the steps provided, where a sufficient level of details was found, where the instructions in general were brief and to the point. In that regard, the main area of criticism can be specifically related to the aforementioned point, where according to the instructions, I can identify the target audience to be users in the specific Counselling Department, and moreover, who are very familiar with the program and equipment. In that regard, assuming a new employee was hired for the position of Counselor Assistant, he/she will find difficulties in reading and understanding the instructions provided. Considering the fact that instructions are usually provided to be used independently, I assume that there would be diffic
Introduction The need for having interconnected world financial systems has become apparent in the 21 st century. World economies have realized the need for financial interrelationships which have been found to act as an impetus to economical developments. Likewise, Islamic finance is on the verge of joining the global financial systems through financial markets interconnections across national economies jurisdictions (Obaidullah, 1998). Islamic finance has been made possible through the development of Islamic financial institutions in various parts of the globe. The reason for establishing Islamic financial institutions is providing alternative investments, commercial opportunities and financial services that the conventional banks do not offer. As such, unlike the conventional banking institutions, the Islamic financial institutions offer services that are compatible with Shariah Law. Various risks are inherent in the conducting of business activities (Reilly & Keith, 1997). Thus, the purpose of financial institutions is to cushion these risks by providing low-risk financial services to their customers. Like conventional financial institutions, the objective of Islamic financial institutions is to manage the risk exposure their customers face through contracts, instruments and processes. International Business Financing Tools The Islamic financial service in the GCC utilizes the facilities of Islamic financial institutions to fund international trade through various ways as indicated below. Special Deposits In Bahrain, the IIFS has developed interest-free-bearing reserves that are maintained in a current account with the Central Bank of Bahrain. Nonetheless, IIFS utilizes a wide range of Ijarah and Sukuk AL-Salam in managing liquidity (Obaidullah, 1998). he IIFS has been pressurizing the CBK of Bahrain to finance business through Shariah Complaint alternative repurchase agreements (REPOs). The interest-free deposits enable financial institutions to facilitate the conduct of business internationally by offering cheap capital to entrepreneurs. Islamic Benchmark for Interbank Transactions (IBIT) Dubai has continued to act as the Islamic interbank platform project for short-term liquidity management in the GCC region. It acts as the global market for financial institutions where treasury imbalances are resolved. The IBIT is a benchmark that evaluates the performance of Islamic financial institutions ranging from overnight to one year. Islamic Certificates of Deposit (CDs) This is a new facility used in managing liquidity and has its maturity ranging from one week to a year. The CDs are based on the facility Murabahah concept of Shariah law and are placed in the market through auctions. Managing Foreign Exchange Risk Foreign exchange (FX) risk is a type of risk that exposes a business to financial losses due to the devaluation of a weaker currency in relation to a strong one (Sharpe, 1964). It can also be viewed as a risk that exposes a firm’s products value due to different exchange rates. Bahrain and other members of the GCC use v
Introduction The modern world has born witness to the emergence of a new form of creative expression known as graffiti. It is usually represented by writings or drawings on walls, which are in many cities prohibited. There is a debate on whether this type of artistry is art or vandalism. Given the comprehensive nature of art and the time and care necessary to produce a piece of graffiti, it should be considered a form of art. Definition of Art Before determining the appropriateness of calling graffiti art, it is essential to understand what is meant by art. It is an extremely wide term that encompasses a large array of human activities. In its most general definition, almost anything created by a person can be considered art. However, children’s drawings are not displayed in a museum, although they also can be an example. The same principle of distinguishing creations by the fact of their existence applies to graffiti. Graffiti is a form of art because it requires creativity and artistic expression. Any form of drawing or aesthetic writing cannot be accomplished without skill and talent. Graffiti are complex creations, consisting of numerous details and stylistic choices. An individual without the knowledge of the basics of drawing and the ability to use a paint stick is not capable of producing an adequate graphical piece. As a result, the limitations in people’s capacity in graffiti production exemplifies it as art. It should also be noted that not all art in history was immediately recognized as such. Some of the creations, which are socially accepted and positively regarded today, were also previously condemned. As arts writers point out, “statues and other works of art flaunting penises and the naked body were considered perverse and sacrilegious” ( Graffiti: Is Graffiti Art ). Therefore, the current lack of tolerance toward graffiti does not mean that perception will not change over time. Quality as a Prerequisite Many people do not acknowledge this type of drawing as a form of art. The reason for graffiti’s ambivalent status lies in the lack of official quality criteria. Whereas it is possible to analyze a painting relying on a set of artistic standards, there are no established and agreed guidelines for evaluating graffiti. Nevertheless, the absence of formal recognition does not devalue the efforts that are necessary to embellish walls with aerosol paint. It might even be possible that the lack of rules for making graffiti is precisely what distinguishes it as art. “Graffiti is one of the purest forms of art, supporters say, because it can exist without support or syndication from the mainstream art establishment” ( Graffiti: Is Graffiti Art ). In essence, nothing constrains an artist from delivering the work they envision. The freedom of expression further solidifies graffiti’s position as art. Just like any human creation, pieces of graffiti differ based on quality. Writing and drawing on walls have evolved into a subculture. Its representatives have thei