ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Employee compensation is a sub-division of human resource that encompasses automatic or guaranteed pay, variable pay, equity-based compensation, and benefits. Compensation involves tangible and intangible products that employers award their workers (Reh par. 1). Employers pay employees for their contributions within the business enterprise to enticing them to continue working for the firm. Types of compensation Under guaranteed pay, there is the basic salary that is a fixed reward, which employers give their employees. This monetary reward can be on a daily, weekly, monthly, or hourly basis. On the other hand, variable pay is the rewards that employees receive due to their performance within the firm. Notably, it is not obligatory that an employee will get this pay like the guaranteed pay. For example, an employer can set goals for all employees and whoever surpasses the target receives a bonus for the hard work. Employers usually use variable pay plans such as bonuses to motivate the employees towards attaining the strategic objectives and goals of the company. Benefits in employee compensation are always set up to address specific needs, which are not in monetary form (Reh par. 3). Vacations and insurance are some of the essential plans that handle employee benefits, as they do are not tangible like wages and salary. Lastly, equity-based compensation involves compensating employees using their shares in the firm; they have to commit part of their earnings on shares of the firm. Here, employers use different channels like stock options, restricted stock, and employee stock purchase plans to obtain funds for the company, which the employees will earn inform of dividends. In this plan, employees partially gain the stake in the organization thus enabling employees to increase their total level of compensation through cashing out of the stock options. Determinants of pay rates There are factors that determine the compensation pay rates among different countries. The first parameter is individual skills and level of experience that workers command towards their jobs. Some jobs require skilled personnel; for instance, only a computer programmer will perform the computer programming activities and not any other employee who has done other course like business administration. Again, some jobs like packaging of products in a company do not require specialized skills. These groups of people will receive
In recent years, there have been raging debates in the public arena regarding the effects of obesity in the developed world. These protracted debates can offer certainty and authority in this area of research. However, these debates may also rule out the possibility of such certainties. Debates on obesity have given rise to various forms of discrimination and oppression. The discriminated individuals have had ill-health because they may resort to unhealthy eating habits and exercises. The paper will also critically look at the causes of obesity and why it is increasingly becoming a major medical dilemma to the developed world. The paper also seeks to establish the role that sociology plays in obesity debate other than the traditional lifestyle and body-society relationship talk. The obesity debate has always been dominated by psychology and genetics. This essay seeks to summarize two works that have been done in regard to obesity and fat ethics. It is true that the number of people suffering from obesity have remarkably within the last two decades. This has made some spectators to refer to the situation as a crisis. This has made relevant government department to develop interest. The topic on obesity has since attracted the attention of sociologists whose input cannot be downplayed. These sociologists also stand to gain a lot. The media has given a lot of attention to issues obesity. Much of their reporting has been on relationship between the body and the society. Prominence has however been given to disciplines like psychology and genetics ignoring the fact that fat is basically a sociological issue. The obesity debate has created an environment where people with certain body feature are look down upon while certain body sizes are cherished and idolized. There has to be interactive relationship between biological and social processes as envisaged in increase or decrease in the rates of obesity and the consequences of such fluctuations. It should be noted that the influx of the number of people suffering from obesity is purely a preserve of changes in lifestyle in the dynamic society (Crossley, 222). It is very important that sociological perspective be introduced when lifestyle factors associated with obesity are ventilated. It is prudent that the input of these sociological factors into rising rates of obesity be critically looked at. Obesity is indeed a crisis at an individual point of view and in the societal perspective. Social agents
Background   * Mental health is a critical area of healthcare delivery in the United States.   * As much as a lot of emphasis has been given in other segments of health, there is urgent need to transform the mental health program among the affected population.   * For instance, war veterans coming back home often require mental health redress especially after undergoing several episodes of traumatic events. They need to be treated and taken through therapeutic psychological counseling. This presentation describes the roles of various stakeholders in the health care industry and who are also involved in mental health care programs. The Public Mental Health   * The public mental health largely depends on workforce participation as the main component.   * In addition, the global social inclusion policies are instrumental towards offering therapeutic treatment to victims of mental health (Richardson, Morgenstern, Crider & Gonzalez, 2013).   * As it stands now, there is no adequate research methods that can conclusively address mental health challenges being faced by various segments of the population. For this reason, medical researchers in mental health programs are supposed to carry out valid and updated empirical research on this continuum of care. There is need for latest research data that can be used to formulate healthcare policies on mental health programs. Policy makers in Mental Health   * Secondly, it is the role of policy makers to devise policy guidelines that can be used to curb the challenge of mental health.   * Key policy areas should include funding for mental health as well as capacity building and training for mental health professions.   * The establishment of rehabilitation centers for mental health victims is also one of the roles. Such centers can indeed assist in alleviating unemployment due to the manpower to be employed as well as professionals to be hired (Richards, Rafferty & Gibb, 2013). The Role of Mental Health Courts   * The mental health courts also play vital roles in the management of challenges posed by individuals experiencing mental disturbances.   * A viable and fruitful partnership can be established between the criminal justice system and mental health courts (Olesen et al., 2013).   * One of the outstanding roles of the mental health courts is to interpret the legislations adopted by the Congress in regards to mental health cases. Therefore, evidence based practice in mental health is prudent in the sense that it enables full redress of mental health cases. In other words, patients who are mentally challenged are in a position to seek medical help and thereafter receive the much needed treatment (Hughes & Peak, 2012).
Introduction The field practicum course is of great importance as it enables one to put the theories learnt in class into practice. In the medical field, the practicum course is designed in a special way so that it enables learners to expand their understanding of the ways in which things are carried out in the hospital. For anyone who desires to have a practical knowledge and understanding of the organization and management of a hospital, it is very important to do the field practicum course. For this reason, I decided to do the course to obtain the on-site experience that is impartial in the medical field. The field practicum course offers brilliant learners with an opportunity to interact with medical professionals while on work. During the field practicum, learners are able to inquire about all that they are unable to understand in regard to the theoretical aspects (Hernandez et al. 2014). It is the period during which learners enhance their skills and gain more confidence in their careers. The hands-on training experience enables learners to cover pertinent issues that lecturers cannot explain in class. It proves to be a revelation to most learners because they can test their knowledge and level of understanding during their practical exposure. Essentially, the practicum studies play a significant role in summarizing the prolonged theoretical studies. It enables learners to recall and reinforce the values and skills that were acquired during the entire study period (Liley 2002). Most importantly, the field practicum course offers learners with an opportunity to develop interpersonal relationships with professionals in their field of study. It is such an important course that I could not forgo. Given the adequate time that was allocated for the field practicum course, I decided to select a study plan that would enable me to have adequate time to make a stringent analysis of the quality of services, the innovation measures and the performance and productivity levels of every department that I visited. The study plan obligated me to take at least a day or two to study every department. Thereafter, I could develop a summative report of the observations that I made, and I could come up with recommendations and suggestions for improvement. Recommendations and suggestions After assessing particular departments, I realized that some issues needed attention. While some departments faced insignificant issues, others were confronted with major issues that needed immediate action. The following recommendations address a range of issues in the various healthcare departments that I visited. Pharmacy department The errors that might occur in the pharmacy and supplies department are i
Frustration is the emotional feeling that occurs whenever a person is prevented or does not achieve their desires. When humans do not reach the set targets, they may succumb to frustrations or feel angry and irritable. The most ultimate source of human frustrations can either be external or internal. Internal sources of frustrations revolve around the disappointments of not achieving our desires due to personal imagined or actual deficiencies such as fear of social situations or deficits (Bergsma, 2008). Internal frustration can also occur due to personal competing goals that interfere with one another. The second source of frustrations in human life comes from the external world. It involves external conditions like physical roadblocks encountered in life, including things that get in the way of their goals and other people they face in their lifespan. The primary source of human frustrations today is associated with the perception of time wastage. When in traffic, standing in the bank line, or when on the phone, and the day is going by, that is the most significant source of frustration. However, this kind of frustrations coming from the external world are unavoidable. People may try to use alternative routes to escape the situation, but eventually, they realize there is nothing they can do about it, and it is just a way of life. According to Epicureanism, desires are the highest source of human misery. If people do not get what they want in life, they get a desire frustration. According to Otto Rank (Ridgway, 2018) frustration is a crucial concept for both clinical and academic psychology. It is not something that will occur often, and it should not be seen as a sign of misfortune. Every person is subjected to frustrations in the course of their life, and therefore it is bound to occur as long as someone is living. According to Epicureanism, rejecting determinism and embracing hedonism is the ultimate solution to human frustrations and misery. The lack of pain in the body and lack of disturbances in the soul, which Epicurus calls tranquility of mind, is the ultimate happiness and solution to human frustrations. In his view, Epicurus advocates that the chief good is decreasing pain and increasing pleasure (Bergsma, 2008). He supports the need for deferring gratification and living a contemplative and modest life amongst friendly communities (Rossi, 2017). Epicureanism offers valuable guidelines and describes the condition for happiness to deal with challenging emotional content and hardships. The philosophy’s ideas of avoiding frustrations are the absence of pain. It assumes that happiness comes when one is in the right state of mind and has no need to seek active interactions with the environment in the urge for better life circumstances. Although Epicureanism is accurate when addressing human frustrations, the advice cannot fit the present-day times.
Introduction The banking sector in the United Arab Emirates has undergone a series of revolutionary changes over the years as the country seeks to align its financial policies to those of the international community. These changes have played a major role in defining the way banking institutions operate in this country. All the local banks operating within the United Arab Emirates are expected to operate within these laws. In this paper, the researcher will analyze the changes that have taken place in the banking sector within this country and how these changes have impacted on the financial institutions, giving specific focus to Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank. The bank started its operations in 1985 as a public shareholding company with limited liability following a merger of Emirates Federal Commercial Bank with Khaleej Commercial Bank. The bank has been operating under the local laws and regulations in the banking sector within the United Arab Emirates. Discussion The government of the United Arab Emirates, through the relevant ministries, and other private stakeholders has been working very closely to come up with rules and regulations that will help guide the financial sector in this country. As Ṣabrī (2008) notes, it is not possible to enact laws that would be considered self-sufficient for a long period of time. The world keeps on changing due to the changes brought about by the emerging technologies. When these changes occur, it becomes necessary for a country to adjust its laws and regulations to be in line with those of the international standards to make the local systems relevant. For this reason, the government of Abu Dhabi has been working very closely with all the relevant stakeholders to come up with new laws and regulations from time to time in order to maintain their relevance. It is important to look at some of the changes in laws and regulations that have taken place in the financial sector in the country and how they have affected banks such as Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank. Domestic financial industry: Legal regulations Major changes that have occurred in the financial industry within the United Arab Emirates started with the Federal Regulatory Act of 1980 that established the United Arab Emirates’ Central Bank. This Act defined the role of the central bank and its powers in regulating the banking industry. Article 5 number 4 of the constitution of this country defines how the central bank should be responsible for various regulatory formulations and how it should involve the private stakeholders in the process. Other than the formulation of laws and regulations, the central bank was also assigned the responsibility of advising the government on various issues of concern in the financial sector. The Federal Law of 1980, Article 78(1) focused on the commercials banks. This was the beginning
Abstract The report is about to prepare a comparative study of How overpopulation affects our Economy. The population is a mandatory part of the Economic activities. For sound economic growth, it is necessary to keep the population at an optimum level. Population more than an optimum level is called overpopulation. Overpopulation causes an increase in consumption, increasing consumption causes a decrease in saving, and decreasing savings results in decreased investment. Reduced investment results reduced employment opportunity and create unemployment. As a result whole GDP goes down. Thus, the economy always demands and optimum population. Introduction The world population has increased dramatically in recent years. According to the United Nations, it reached one billion at the start of the nineteenth century. By 1950, there were over 2.5 billion people on the planet. Since then the total has been doubled, to 5.6 billion this year. Long-term projection suggests that the number will carry on growing until after 2200 when the population will stabilize at around 11.6 billion – more than twice as many as there are now. Despite the rapid growth of the world population, not all countries have experienced rapid growth of population. In particular, it is the world’s poorer countries, which have experienced the greatest growth of population. Methodology For evaluating the comparative study several topics have been choosing
Introduction Culture is the representation of the totality of all socially conveyed or learned mannerisms, views beliefs ad interactions that result from human work and activity. The cultures traditions and historical concepts of the Middle East have over the centuries been characterised as by a distinct sense of variety that stems from a whirlwind of customs and traditions. An interrogation of the various cultural values form the comparative stand between the older and younger generation provides an adequate argument for this claim. Argument Materialism Once upon a time, men and women would follow their guided herds through the desserts ferrying goods and transporting commodities such as slave’s garments skins and food. The Middle East was rich with activity as its population majored on middlemen jobs. In the process, the true wealth was built on their animals and slaves that were a symbol of pride. As it were, the Middle East society was a transportable and flexible entity and therefore had little time to invest in areas such as real estate or land. In effect, the true value of wealth was quantified in terms of animals and jewelry objects of which were movable and easily disposable. It follows that such a society will also value the human as an asset. Given the background and setup of the slave trade, the older society culturally valued the number of children and slaves that one acquired or held. This theme is well emphasized by the biblical stories of dynasties and kings that put these material possessions as the focus of wealth. Times have however changed, new methods of transportation have been installed and slave trade abolished. New ideas have been born into the society and the rather materialistic society has begun to ease up to the modern contemporary trends. The new generation has dismissed the cultural kingship and value of wealth and replaced it with an aggressive sense of competition. The respect that accrued to the value holders has gradually grown out to become an avenue for competition. Religiosity Bluntly put the Middle East is considered as the cradle of civilizations. The world’s three largest religions -Judaism, Christianity and Islam- also have origins in the Middle East. The religious capacity of the region is by all means not restricted to these three. In fact, the great variety of religions in the region has up to date been a source of conflict for a long period. Understanding the region’s religious affiliations inadvertently amounts to understanding the region as a whole in its particulars and preferences. The value attached to religion transcends all other social cultural and political factors. The Middle East cultur
Introduction Napoleon is among the most renowned leaders in the world due to his conquest and abilities. During his lifetime, napoleon was able to achieve great success in his leadership, some of which the other emperors could only dream of. Napoleon was both a military and a political commander; he is considered to be among the greatest military commanders due to his conquest of various regions, sometimes using an army that was by far weaker compared to other armies. The political and military achievements of Napoleon have been studied by many scholars and have been documented in many books. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on 15 august 1769 in Ajaccio, in a Mediterranean island that was known as Corsica. He was the second son of Carlo and Letizia, a lawyer who did not have connections with the rulers and noblemen of the country. This therefore made Napoleon not to have the advantage of being born in a wealthy family that would have facilitated his rise to power. However, this did not hinder Napoleon from becoming wealthy. In fact, by the time of his death, napoleon had acquired vast wealth due to his own ability and by the sheer luck of being in the right place at the right time (Dugdale-Pointon, Para. 2). Napoleon’s life in the military Napoleon had his first opportunity in the military when he was the captain of artillery, which was under General Jacques Dugommier at the siege of Toulon (Dugdale-Pointon Para. 2). He managed to capture Fort Mulgrave and the promontory of L’Eguillette; these were very crucial ports that enabled the French military to have the commanding position using their artilleries. This forced the allied forces that had captured Toulon to withdraw from the island (Dugdale-Pointon Para. 2). Moreover, this acted as Napoleon’s path to the rise in power. His expertise to drive out the revolutionary forces from Toulon, earned him a promotion to the rank of Brigadier-General shortly afterwards in December 1793. The military excellence of Napoleon Bonaparte enabled him to rise through the ranks of the French military at a very fast rate. When napoleon was 26 years old, he was made the second in command of the Army of the interior. With this position, Napoleon was able to fight many other battles with their enemies, and in most cases, he was the victor. Napoleon had arrived in Paris from a battle in Egypt, where his troops had severely lost, hence making him to sneak back to France and leave his troops in Egypt, when he found a power vacuum which had been created due to the internal unrests in the country. He staged a coup, appointed himself as the ruler of France, and had the title of First Consul (Dugdale-Pointon Para. 11). Since a large portion of the other army had perished in Egypt, Napoleon formed another army and soon after, started his conquest of other lands starting with Austria. Napoleon was to later lead other revolutions, which would ultimately lead to the expansion of his empire. Napoleonic revolutions Napoleonic revolutions were generally different fro