ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The car has been and will continue to be a dominating part of the culture, whatever the psychological reasoning for the purchase of a car or how the car is viewed by others. The mindless, soulless collection of metal is a point a-to-point-b means to an end but it is certainly not near the level of a toaster in the mind’s eye. The machine has earned our collective fascination to the point of us having, even yearning for, a personal bond with a car. Possibly this ‘relationship’ is a transference that evolved from the affiliation people had developed with horses. Movies and television shows such as The Love Bug or “Knight Rider” establish the very real human connection many people feel towards their car while car ads capitalize on these concepts by highlighting particular human personality traits found in the design of a car. This design is no accident as car makers specifically focus on providing the consumer with ‘a face that speaks to you.’ For car buyers seeking a friendly, fun, and energetic car, the Mini Cooper is an optimum choice because of its adorable form, its superior design, and its supreme usability. The Mini Cooper is given a cute persona through the wide spacing of the headlights (eyes) and the broad expanse of the grill (teeth) across the front. A small scoop on the hood provides the car with a little pug nose and parking lights on a barely perceivable front bumper ‘chin’ give the impression of dimples. This wide-eyed, dimpled and toothy grin makes the car seem as if it can’t wait to go out and play with its owner, much like an excited puppy. A low wheelbase gives it an appearance of crouching down in anticipation of the thrown ball while a small wing on the hatchback could easily be substituted in the imagination with a tiny pug tail eagerly attentive. While the Mini Cooper retains all the personality of a Mini as described above, it also provides consumers a combination of roles not available previously in its extended design. The flowing lines of the MINI Concept give the car a feeling of decadence while the wide wheelbase, firm stance, and sporty appeal provide it with masculine strength. The slanting lines of the car keep the eye moving around the chassis further emphasizing a feeling of motion while they also serve to increase the vehicle’s aerodynamic abilities. Minis overall can appeal to a wider base of consumers in today’s fuel market as well because they generally provide greater gas mileage than the still popular SUVs found stumbling around in today’s average urban landscape. The Mini design team overall caters to those consumers who look at not only the form but also the function of a car. Various elements of the car’s design are specifically calculated to contribute to the user’s needs. Because consumers for this product look primarily to the function of the car, the fundamental idea in developing the new Mini was to make loading and entering the car as effortless and expedient as possible. This includes specially designed doors that swivel to the side and front at the same time for maximum space on entering and exiting as well as swi
Foreign Exchange Market   * Foreign exchange market refers to the organizational setting within which businesses, individuals, governments…etc. buy and sell foreign currencies and other debt instruments.   * The foreign exchange markets are dominated by four currencies: the U.S. dollar, the euro, the Japanese yen and the British pound. Types of Foreign Exchange Transactions Three types of foreign exchange transactions:  1. Spot transaction.  2. Forward transaction.  3. Swap transaction. A Spot Transaction   * In a spot transaction you make an outright purchase or sale of a currency now or on the spot date.   * A spot deal will settle two working day after the deal is agreed to by the two currency traders.   * The two-day period gives enough time to the two parties to confirm the agreement and to arrange the clearing and necessary debiting and crediting of bank accounts.   * A spot transaction is risky to the extent that exchange rate fluctuations can increase or decrease the prices until the transaction is actually made. A Forward Transaction   * In a forward transaction two parties are to buy or to sell a currency or an asset at a specified future time at a price agreed upon today.   * The maturity date of forward transactions can be a few months or years in the future. The exchange rate is fixed when the contract is made and money only changes hands on the maturity date.   * A forward transaction allows participants to plan safely and avoid risks of unfavourable fluctuations in the exchange rates. A Currency Swap   * A currency swap is the conversion of one currency to another currency at a specified point in time.   * Usually the two banks arrange a swap as a single transaction in which they agree to pay and receive stipulated amounts of currencies at specified rates.   * Swaps allow traders to meet their foreign exchange needs over a period of time. A Currency Swap: An Example. Forward vs Futures Markets   * Foreign exchange can be brought or sold for immediate delivery (spot market) or for future delivery (forward market or futures market).   * In the future market contracting parties agree to future exchanges of currencies and set applicable exchange rates in advance.   * Future market is different from the forward market in the following:       + Only a limited number of leading currencies are traded in the future market.       + Trading takes place in standardized contract amounts and in a specific location. Average Daily Volume (Billions of Dollars)                   Forward Contract                              Futures Contract                                                                                                                                              Issuer            Commercial bank                               International Monetary Market (IM
Slavery was characterized by poverty and forced labor. Slaves never had freedom and rarely enjoyed material comfort beyond the bare basic needs. Their lives were characterized by diseases, suffering, and poor diet. They were subjected to hard labor with beatings that reflected the authority of their masters. Their housing were majorly crowded with poor sanitation. The routines of work consisted of long working hours. They experienced both physical and mental torture since their masters employed force and violence to obtain what they required from them. The nature of slavery worsened because they received poor treatment that lead to high death rates. The major cause of the changes in slavery was the hatred towards oppression (Goldfield, et. al, 39).The changes occurred in the attitudes of the slaves towards the white in the South. There was a general feeling of antagonism and resistance. They saw their master as people who used them as beasts of burden; hence, suspicion and resentment among the slaves grew into hatred. The culture of the slaves greatly influenced their lives of being defiant. They were also influenced by the African culture that they maintained. They believed in the spirits, and made their accomplishments in music and dance. They believed in religion and their families served as a source of support. However, their families were disintegrated by the sale of their members. The slaves tried to defy the slavery system and used religion as a tool to support the revolt. Faith sustained them and enhanced a sense of racial identity. The resistance to slavery was through fearless revolts. The consequences of rebellion were important to the slaves in various ways. Most of them got an opportunity to become literate by knowing how to read and write (Goldfield, et. al, 54). The geography of the South greatly influenced the revolts; however, the militias were prepared to suppress the revolt. This experience changed the slaves’ actions. The freed slaves worked as manual laborers and changed various working sites. Furthermore, the rebellion also included theft and runaways. Due to the increase in political conflict between the North and the South, fears increased over the slave rebellion which led to increased restrictions on the slaves. Fugitive slaves were captured, aided by the Law that also required that those who never owned slaves to support the slavery system. The manufacturers in the South felt the impact of using the slaves. Slave ownership was translated into political power and it was a basis of wealth and free standing. It guaranteed wealth due to the production of cotton in large scale. Hence, it was held as an investment and a commodity since slaves were highly valued ((Goldfield, et. al, 57). In conclusion, the slave system was embedded into the economic development of the South. However, the conflict in slave ownership led to antislavery movements. T
Hospitality industry is based on unique services and products provided for different customer groups around the world. The hospitality industry is based on service quality and customer satisfaction as these processes direct the strategic approaches and trends in the hospitality industry. Service can be seen as the main factor of the hospitality industry based on the unique environment and settings proposed to customers guests. Building an organization is not only particularly active in executing the strategy formulated and articulated; it could provide the energy for future strategy and policies. This is possible not only in the sense of providing a distinctive competence for the firm in the value proportions in which it excels, but also in terms of creating an employee base that is more receptive to new ideas, to value shifts matching customer preference changes, and to value sharing between divisions of the same firm. To develop an effective leader, it is important to take into account the nature and industry requirements, and a customer-centered approach followed by many hotel chains. Today, a leader in the hospitality industry is influenced by different economic and social factors of the community. The inconsistent relation between emotional stress and decisions to seek hospitality could reflect two sets of factors: an inadequate conceptual analysis of the stress-decision process and methodological deficits contingent upon them. The two factors selected for comparison are stress and work. Stress has a great impact on hospitality service and leadership as it ruins nervous cells and adds emotional tension ( Barker 2001). All psychological principles operate to reinforce and strengthen self-administration by binding together a wide range of stimuli and consequences of tobacco use with biological actions. In the case of self-administration, environmental, psychological (e.g., stress, anxiety, dysphoria), situational (e.g., on a break, when resting, when partying), and social (e.g., with friends) variables and stimuli can become conditioned stimuli that come to elicit the same biologically based responses as does stress itself. “In emergencies, our hormones and nervous system prepare us to deal with an immediate physical threat by triggering the fight or flight response: raising the heart rate, mobilizing stored energy, diverting blood to muscles and increasing alertness” (Wilkinson and Marmot 2003). Emotional processes, in the form of rules (e.g., the stress-illness rule and the upset-serious rule) alter the meaning or representation of somatic events and the procedures generated by them. During the first stage
Introduction Overview Hand hygiene might simply be too common that people usually take it for granted. They have been washing their hands from childhood that the act becomes a routine without extra effort. However, there is a proper way to maintain hand hygiene. Several health benefits can be derived from the proper practice of hand hygiene. Numerous hospital-based research proved that non-compliance with hand hygiene practices (HPP) is linked to infections in the health care sector, escalation of multi-resistant microorganisms, and a critical cause in disease outbreaks (Hand Hygiene, 2009). It has become an important issue among the healthcare provider, medical professionals, nursing profession, researchers, academicians, the government and private institutions that it has gained a specific advocacy. It can be found that improper hand hygiene is practiced not only among the poor and low income people but also the wealthy who have not properly informed on its necessity. Hand hygiene is essential in hospital setting, in perioperative environment, in the household and public places. Reduction in the healthcare acquired infections (HCAI) is accorded great attention in order to enhance the safety and quality of the health services (Hand Hygiene Project, 2009). As research revealed, health care-associa
Today, many researchers and ecologists pay attention to the problems of the environment with references to the notion of the sustainable development. The global community is challenged by a lot of issues associated with the environmental pollution and the constant growth of using the energetic resources. The economic progress of the world with accentuating the concepts of civilization and industrialization is based on the usage of a lot of energy significantly. Traditional methods of receiving the necessary amount of power for meeting the needs of the developed cites and industries cannot be discussed as efficient according to the threat of the environmental pollution which is the effect of the developed energy industry. Moreover, the traditional approaches to the energy systems do not address the idea of the sustainable development. That is why, it is necessary to concentrate on the alternative methods of receiving the power. Green energy can be discussed as the effective way to promote the necessary amount of energy for the industries, urban territories, and enterprises without damaging the environment. From this point, the notion of green energy is closely connected with renewable energy which is often discussed as the source of power with the minimal negative effects. Sustainable development is one of the most significant requirements to the modern society in relation to the general tendencies of the global progress with references to the problems of the nature and environment. The main principle of the s
Introduction Risk management is the process through which the managers of a certain organization are able to ascertain and identify the areas in their organization that are vulnerable to risks. It also involves the measures that such an organization takes to either avoid its occurrence or apply measures that will effectively handle the risk. Key Elements   * Risk policy and governance;   * The risk function;   * Daily risk management;   * Risk information system;   * Capital management;   * Internal audit (Crouhy, 2000). Risk management procedure   * Risk management starts from the top;   * The risk management process should be incorporated into a system design;   * The most important risks should be addressed first;   * Let the entire staff participate in the process;   * Risks should be managed continuously using a feed back loop;   * Managerial procedures should be reported to the board (Pohlman, 2008). Risk identification   * Have a database that outlines the different possible risks;   * The different tools and techniques of handling the risk;   * The main causes of the identified risks;   * The situations through which the risks occur (McKeeve, 2007). Risk assessment   * The likelihood of the occurrence of the risk;   * The possible loss that the risk may realize;   * Statistical analysis of the identified risks;   * Prioritize the risks starting with the most urgent;   * The assessment of risks should be an ongoing process (Culp, 2001). Risk control   * Determine the possibility of avoiding or controlling the risk;   * Review all the measures that can be applied to control the risk;   * Review and utilize all the insurance policies that may be applicable;   * Ensure that the right insurance covers are applied for (Kerzner, 2009). Risk monitoring   * Identify the areas that may facilitate the occurrence of a risk;   * The entire management and the staff should be aware of the such areas;   * The staff should be trained on the possible measures to take incase of a risk;   * Handle the risks at their earlier stages. Planning   * Ascertain the finances that may be required for each project;   * Allocate the funds putting into consideration the additional expenses;   * Make sure that the allocated funds are at least higher than the expected expenses;   * Collect adequate information on how similar projects have been managed;   * Have both information on similar projects that succeeded and failed;   * Find out what made the successful one to prosper and the others to fail;   * Borrow some skills from the experts;   * Involve a professional economist to predict the economic trend. Consultation   * Make necessary enquiries from colleagues before making any decision;   * Network with other staff members to provide the necessary support;   * Welcom
Assessment It is a common wonder to many people how Wal-Mart charges low price on its products and continues to make huge profits. A number of reasons exist to ascertain this assertion. However, the major reason is the aptitude to acclimatize to ever evolving competition in the market place. Wal-Mart has utilized efficiency in delivering low prices for their goods (Long, 2003, p.76). The efficiency has been ingrained in several situations, among the major one is how they manage to manufacture product around the world and bring them to retail outlets located around the world. The efficiency of a faultless logistical system that makes it possible for products to be shipped from any location around the world has contributed to Wal-Mart’s ability of reliability. The Logistical system at Wal-Mart is flexible when it comes to determining suppliers. Suppliers have grown to rely on Wal-Mart dependability and flexibility in paying competitively than other buyers buying similar products (Hines, 2010, p.78). When Wal-Mart identifies a potential supplier offering lower prices, other suppliers tend to lower their prices; this is because, the logistical system of Wal-Mart has the capability of handling transition seamlessly. The logistic systems at Wal-Mart have been streamlined and capable of handling and transporting volumes of supplies from one point of supply to the other at less or minimal costs. This capability of logistical systems is evident because of the size of the company. Because they buy many suppliers across the world, they therefore use bigger trucks hence saving fuel of going back and forth. In case shipping is done to convey materials or products from one point to the other, Wal-Mart endeavors to award them huge discounts in relation to volume of products or material conveyed (Hines, 2010, p.112). Implementing Comprehensive Logistics Performance at Wal-Mart Wal-Mart can encompass several logistics practices to ensure they have a comprehensive logistical system. Many of the strategies they can embrace is using leverage technology. Leverage technology can help Wal-Mart track its products and services. Further, the technology understands everything about the product i.e when a product is sold, the duration it takes before it is sold and the place where it is sold (Hines, 2010, p.124). The technology comprises of tools that have ability to capture, view and transform data acquired into knowledge base. Wal-Mart can recognize this technology to perfect its flow of goods and services. Besides, the power is changing from traditional “Push” to “Pull”. This means that, the product or service of a manufacturer has no effect in driving the end transaction on the customer (Williams, 2008, p.36). The ultimate transaction in supply chain is what is considered more important. Secondly, Wal-Mart would benefit by conducting training to its supply chain users. By providing knowledge to actual users of supply chain, they get empowered to handle any issue related to the system (Long, 2003, p.48). For example, users can be taught how to fill and complete delivery notes, maintenance providers can be well informed on how to bid for equipment repai
Introduction Law is a very interesting field that encompasses a lot of aspects. The issues are usually covered in different Acts which govern the way in which activities and practices are carried out. There are various Acts in different jurisdictions all having a part to play. Various activities and practices in different countries are governed differently according to the countries laws. The Australian consumer Act has been reviewed and changed in an effort to improve on the aspect of consumer rights as the previous Australian Consumer Act was deemed to be very ineffective (Emerson 2009). This piece of paper gives an in depth evaluation of the new Australian consumer Act in relation to the impact it will have on the rights of the Australian consumers, whether it will be more effective than the previous consumer Act. Background information: The Old system Australia is a country that is governed by different laws all aimed at streamlining the practices and activities in the country. The business and trade industry is a major component of the Australian economy due to the income it contributes in terms of revenue. For this reason, there is need to ensure that all the activities and processes in this sector are carried out in an effective manner that facilitates success and prosperity. This could however be made possible through effective legislations for instance the Australian consumer Act among others aimed at ensuring that the different activities involved are carried out in a smooth manner. A good example of a body responsible for overseeing the business and trade related practices in Australia is The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC). This is an autonomous statutory body that was formed in the year 1995 with the main aim of overseeing various trade related practices. It particularly ensures consumer protection through various strategies for instance promoting fair trade and competition in the market to the advantage of the Australian consumers, the businesses and the community at large. It is also charged with the responsibility of ensuring that all individuals and business organizations comply to various laws for instance the consumer protection law, the commonwealth competition law and the fair trade law. Regula