ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The sales and the structure of the UK petrol sector Before getting down to the discussion of the sales and the structure of the UK petrol sector, it is important to point to the fact that the market share of the UK petrol is divided between many different companies. Pointing only to the oil and gas companies which play great role at the UK petrol market and can influence the industry development, it is possible to consider such companies as British Petroleum, BG Group, Cairn, Perenco, Tullow Oil plc, ExxonMobil in the UK, etc. Existing in the imperfect competition and with the constant raise of prices on petroleum, the companies experience some difficulties. The problems at the petrol market are increased by the increase of the VAT from 17.5% up to 20% (‘Petrol price to hit £1.26p’ 2011). The general conditions on the world market make the companies increase its prices. The increase of VAT will also lie on the consumers. Chart 1. Current UK Petrol Pump Prices (2011). Looking at the chart above, the tendency of prices on fuel in the UK may be considered. The prices began to raise extremely in the beginning of 2010 after the reduction of price at the end of 2008 and the beginning of 2009. These are the prices at the petrol pumps. The rise of prices is unavoidable for retailers who can do nothing along with the rise of the VAT. The demand for falling in price in the UK is appropriate. If to consider the European situation, the prices on fuel reduced there. The same should be done in UK (Wallop 2011). To consider the trends in sale and price change, the specific company should be explored. Chart 2. BG Group reserves and resources (BG GROUP PLC 2011) BG Group is a UK company which operates in about 25 countries all over the world. The total reserves of the oil the company produces increase that leads to the increase of the production of unreserved oil. If to check the following chart (Chart 2), it may be seen that the volume of the production of the risked exploration increases with years and the next year this volume of production becomes either reserved or un-booked but still expected to be bought. The raise of the prices of fuel in the middle of 2008 (Chart 1) make the company have some reserves which may be necessary when the prices on fuel increase. These reserves may help BG group regulate the prices and do not increase those immediately. The chart 3 shows the stock of fuel BG Group has been providing during the last five years, since May, 2006. Comparing and contrasting two diagrams, chart 1 and chart 3, which indicate prices and stock on fuel, it is possible to see the dependence of the volume of stocked fuel on the price. The higher the price, the more stock the petroleum companies have. Chart 3. Stock for BG Group (D
There should be a distinctive difference between papers written by college students and papers written by high school students. College papers are characterized by well constructed paragraphs, a clearly stated thesis, and interesting arguments. College papers are meant to be read by other scholars. Writing college papers involves a migration from the usual high school style of writing. This paper will discuss the elements of a typical college paper in accordance with the Modern Language Association (MLA) style of writing. A typical college paper has to adhere to the formatting guidelines that are stipulated by MLA. According to MLA, a standard paper should be double spaced, have one-inch margins, and be typed using a twelve point Times New Roman font. The header of such a paper should contain a page number and the author’s surname. The page number should be located on the right hand side. When submitting a pap
A decision-making process does not always imply passing through a great number of preliminary stages and steps. The solution may occur spontaneously even when you are not expecting it. However, there are decisions that constitute a serious challenge to solve because they depend on sophisticated circumstances that cannot be noticed at a glance. Therefore, there are no regular rules and principles that permit finding a way-out to any problem. For example, you need to decide what to wear on the meeting. For this occasion, you should think over the whether conditions, as well as the goal of meeting, should it be a business meeting or just a meeting with you friends. One way or another, a decision-making process is strongly associated with unique, creative stages that differ from occasion to occasion and depend on numerous factors. Personally, I prefer using the moment-of-insight method because it allows to make the most creative and efficient decisions. The fact that there is always a solution to any problem is undeniable because all the answers are in our head. All we need is to search for the right answer on the right shelf in our brain. Keep searching for the information means that we should never give up because there is always a solution. The main point here lies not in the process of searching, but in the attitude to the process itself. Some people are too obsessed with stereotypical thinking that they are reluctant to look for opportunities. In fact, such people are narrow-minded and are afraid to go beyond the comfort zone. However, as soon as they realize that there are endless number of approaches and methods, the decision-making process will become an excited adventure to the world of solutions. I am positive about the idea that constant working on the problem-solving process does not always give desirable outcomes because it often prevents people from appealing to their intuition and creativity. For instance, in case there is a problem of creating a specific logo for a certain product, it is almost impossible to invent something interesting and even genius while sitting in office and thinking over this logo. In fact, the idea can occur to you unexpectedly, when you are walking home, buying bread in a supermarket, or taking a shower. In other words, blurring the thematic boundaries and powering up your imagination are best escorts for a decision-making process. Despite the fact that the process of searching for solutions does not recognize deadlines, time management is another constrain which hamper the idea generation. In such situations, I prefer making decisions on the spot because the first thought is the most reasonable and effective one. Besides, quick solutions are even more efficient than well-thought and considered ideas. With regard to the above-proposed techniques, I conclude that a decision-making process is successful as soon as you realize there is nothing impossible in this world. Going beyond the boundaries is the secret to success. Being dependent on convention is the key to failure. People should be aware of the unlimited p
Slowdown in U.S housing market During the period between 1998 and 2008, the prices of housing in the United States rose dramatically. In some part of the country, the prices increased by more than fifty percent (Roberts 25). This process can be explained by different factors such as deregulation, tax policies, low interest rates, and the firm conviction of many people that real estate will never depreciate (Roberts 25). Nevertheless, in 2006 U.S. housing market began to slow down. The prices on housing declined in different regions of the United States. Despite the efforts of the government, the situation has not changed much, and the real estate market of the country remains stagnant even at the beginning of 2013. This problem will be discussed can be attributed the fact that modern economy has become extremely interconnected, and the failure of one sector can adversely influence other areas of economy. It is particularly important to speak about the context of this issue because in this way one can better understand its impacts. First of all, before 2006 the value of housing was important for the purchasing power of many people in the country. Furthermore, the sustainability of many banks depended on the price of housing since these institutions used real estate as a form of mortgage or collateral (Roberts 12). Additionally, the financial performance of stock could be affected by the housing market. Thus, one can argue that different elements of the economy were extremely interdependent. This is the reason why the collapse and subsequent stagnation of the housing market produced far-reaching consequences. There are several implications of this crisis. In particular, one can speak about the diminishing availability of credit for the population since many banks expect to receive some collateral from the borrowers. The problem is that real estate has long been the most conventional form of collateral, and currently it has become less valuable. Furthermore, in the U.S housing market, the supply significantly exceeds the demand for real estate. Moreover, a great number of financial institutions and governmental agencies face a significant challenge. In particular, they should avoid numerous foreclosures since this trend increases the supply of the housing. These are the main challenges that should be overcome. One can identify several consequences that are very important. For instance, the revenues of many real estate companies dropped dramatically. These organizations have to lay off many of
One of the greatest things that midwifery has portrayed is the ability to relieve stress. Maternity care is mostly based on communication skills, and the need for communication proficiency in this practice cannot be compromised. There are emerging trends in the nursing practice, such as emotional intelligence, which are emphasizing on communication between the patients and the midwives (Gruneberg & Crozier 2015). It is crucial for midwives to develop emotional sensitivity in order to be able to carry out their functions effectively. Emotional intelligence is the ability of a midwife to recognize the patients’ emotions and feelings. Such feelings are expressed in very different ways from one individual to another. Therefore, it is not easy to find the best way to respond to any of the possible reactions at any given time. Communication is one of the greatest aspects of maternity care (Gruneberg & Crozier, 2015). Therefore, every piece of information given by both the midwife and the patient is important. In addition, communication skills in these practices are very important because of the exchange of information in maternity care affects the decision making process. A slight mistake in the presentation of information can be fatal (Phillips 2014). Therefore, midwives are responsible for sharing accurate and appropriate information in order to influence good judgement and proper decision making (Phillips 2014). Communication is crucial because it helps the midwives to decide when it is appropriate to consult/ transfer the care of a pregnant woman to a relevant medical practitioner. When a midwife is able to communicate with the patient, she gets to understand the woman’s feelings. This enables the midwife to find the appropriate level of care that the patient requires. This is very crucial because it avoids a number of calamities. Communication also helps the midwife to know when medical care and advanced medical attention are required. If midwives are not proficient in their communication skills, a lot of problems can arise and compromise the quality of midwifery services. Through their communication skills, midwives are able to relieve the level of stress by informing the patient of the possible risks or the need for advanced medical care. However, they need to be cautious when relaying such information to their patients (Clarke & Carr 2014). A delivering woman is more comfortable with her situation when she knows exactly what is happening around her. When there is a risk that the mother is facing, it should be discussed as soon as possible in order to prepare her emotionally. Nonetheless, this must be done in the most polite way possible to reduce any instance of panic for the mother. Communication skills can be very important in this case because the way information is relayed to the patient determines her attitude and, ultimately, her ability to have a safe delivery. Midwives and medical caregivers, in general, are supposed to be good in communication
Introduction Is patient-doctor relationship important in the effort to ensure adequate treatment and control of disease? This question could sound simple and irrelevant in the ears of a person who has not given enough consideration to the topic of the patient-doctor relationship. However, for one who understands the dynamics of medical care, his perception would be completely different. As a health care manager, this is one of the areas that need attention in order to come up with an appropriate quality improvement intervention. In this assignment, I intend to analyze how the patient-doctor relationship can be used as a tool in the improvement of quality in a Hospital. Specifically, the paper intends to base on the role of communication as an integral part of relationship building between a doctor and his patients. As a result, this paper will explore and discuss the role of communication facilitation and how this can implicate the patient-doctor relationship. Finally, the paper will conclude by pointing out how health care quality improvement intervention can be developed by improving the communication considerations to facilitate the patient-doctor relationship. Definition of Quality in Health Care Definition of quality in health care does not take any other form different from quality in other organizations. Equally, quality involves ways by which resources are managed within a given organization, in this case, the hospital, the level with which goals are set and achieved and how the organization has placed itself in relation to the competitors. As a result, quality in health care has one bottom line; it must promote life over premature death. However, there are other factors that must be considered in order to define quality in health care. To begin with, a good hospital must offer programs that are affordable to the public. When strategizing for a health care for a given society, one of the key elements to be considered is the affordability to an average person. As a result, a quality health care should allow most of the members of the society to be able to seek for medical attention from a doctor comfortably, be able to access laboratory tests for common ailments and also be able to get the prescribed drugs without too much strain. If most of the members cannot afford this, then quality will have been compromised. Equally, a hospital, as an organization must base its operations on this standard. Its services must be affordable to all members of society (Walshe & Smith 2006). Another very important aspect of health that should be con
Active Political, Social, Cultural, and Economic Environment In order to understand the complexities of a country’s development and evaluate its prospects regarding its economic, social, and political well-being, a comprehensive analysis is typically needed. While the presence of external factors is also of essential significance, the resources available to state residents, as well as capacities that the state in question possess, play a nonetheless essential part in promoting further economic and sociocultural development. For Australia, the described factors have been quite positive over the past couple of decades, allowing the state to evolve and promote the sustainable use of its economic resources and other types of assets. Political Stability and Instability Structure When evaluating the factors that must have contributed to the current rates of political stability within Australia, one should mention the fact that it has not been significantly affected by the British colonialism. Due to the geographic location that complicated the process of colonialism, Australia had been isolated from the impact of the British rule for a while, which helped the state to develop its agency and start political changes within it s framework based on the unique factors attributed to its setting. Moreover, once getting rid of the British rule, Australia managed to establish relationships with other states on equal footing, which advanced its political performance to a significant extent. As a result, the current structure of political stability within Australia is quite resilient and strong, allowing the state to be flexible in its political interactions with foreign countries. At the same time, the current situation observed within the political stance of Australia may come into question in the nearest future. Due to the rapidly changing dynamics of international relationships
Introduction General Notions The Health of human beings has always been threatened by various diseases that develop and evolve together with the improvement of methods people find to fight them. Considering the relevant literature, one can find numerous pieces of evidence about the diseases and infections that attack almost any part of the human organism, and the urinary tract is not an exception. This part of the human body functioning is subject to numerous urinary tract infections (UTIs) that might have different causes, develop in a variety of ways, and be treated through the use of different clinical approaches (Mateucci, Walsh, and Pravikoff, 2009, p. 1; Jain et al., 2006, p. 233). Clinical Issue Background In more detail, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are observed rather often among countries and regions. According to Mateucci, Walsh, and Pravikoff (2009), alone in the USA specialists record the average of 1 million UTIs annually, and the major reasons for the bulk of these infections are the improperly carried out process of catheterization and its negative consequences for the human health conditions (p. 1). At the same time, Smith and Pravikoff (2009) consider catheterization as one of the basic ways to treat UTIs caused by urine retention or incontinence (p. 2). Given these seemingly opposite viewpoints, one cannot ignore the fact that UTIs are common health issues for intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and scholars like Elpern et al. (2009), Randolph et al. (2005, p. 20), and Jain et al. (2006, p. 234) connect this fact to the routine use of catheters, especially indwelling ones, in ICUs. Research Question Thus, the above introductory remarks and the background of the clinical issue under consideration allow seeing that UTIs are a serious health care problem of today, especially for ICU patients. Therefore, if such a problem exists and scholars like Beaver (2008), Volkar (2010), Mateucci, Walsh, and Pravikoff (2009), etc. admit this fact, one cannot ignore the need to find the solution to this problem. Based on this need, the research question of the current paper can be formulated:   * Q: How can catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) be prevented or treated in ICU patients? Findings Key Terms Further on, for a better understanding of the topic and for being able to find the answers to the research question, it is necessary to define the key terms used in the area of urinary tract treatment, UTIs, and the specificity of these issues for ICU patients:   * A urinary catheter – Smith, and Pravikoff (2009) define it as “any tube system placed in the body to drain and collect urine from the bladder” (p. 2);   * A short-term catheter – a system placed into the body intermittently and removed as soon as it helps empty the bladder from urine (Mateucci, Walsh, and Pravikoff, 2009, p. 2);   * A long-term catheter (or indwelling catheter) – a system used permanently, mainly for patients suffering from urine, retention, incontinence, or both disorders combined (Mateucci, Walsh, and Pravikoff, 2009, p. 2);   * A urinary tract i
Aim Powdery scab of potatoes is considered a major problem in the potato-growing industry in Australia. This disease is caused by a protozoan pathogen and results in lesions full of brown powder that cover the potato tuber (Lin et al. 2018). Not only does this powdery scab blemish the potato tuber, but it also negatively impacts the root system of the plant (O’Brien & Milroy 2017). That is because powdery scab is a root infection that disrupts root function, leading to reduced uptake of water and nutrients. The causal agent of powdery scab can survive a range of environmental conditions. Once the pathogen has become established in the soil, it can remain a source of infection even for years following the absence of potatoes (Lin et al. 2018). Many sites of spore balls are generated inside the diseased roots and tubers and dispersed into the soil during the harvesting process. For the next season, these spore balls will act as the primary inoculum. Thus, the problem of powdery scabs is ongoing; it is also serious as it causes significant economic loss since infected potatoes suffer low acceptance at the market. In that light, the disease has always been of great concern among potato growers. Control measures for the biotrophic protozoan pathogen that causes powdery scab are critical to preventing economic losses. Strategies that are currently being used include planting only healthy potato tubers, rotating crops, and chemical control (O’Brien & Milroy 2017). A vast number of fungicides are presently available for application to seed tubers to prevent powdery scabs. However, fungicide resistance in the pathogen population is growing stronger in response to fungicide application. This problem is compounded by the lack of efficacious agrochemicals and resistant potato cultivars against powdery scabs. In addition, the wide genetic diversity of the pathogen makes the development of management practices based solely on the use of chemicals a challenging task (Lin et al. 2018). Other problems that can arise due to the use of chemicals include the deregistration of fungicides and concerns associated with the use of chemical substances in potato growing and production (O’Brien & Milroy 2017). Apart from these problems, common strategies used for the prevention of the disease have the potential to cause harm to the environment. Biological control is considered a promising and environmentally friendly measure for the prevention of powdery scabs of potatoes. The use of biological control agents in combination with fungicides can be equally effective as the use of synthetic fungicides (O’Brien & Milroy 2017). This study will examine the effect of a mixture of biocontrol agents and chemicals on the suppression of powdery scabs based on screening of endophytic or rhizosphere bacteria and fungi for the prevention o
Great Zimbabwe is considered to be an enormous wrecked town that is encircled with the wall made of stones. The ancient mystery is situated in the southern Africa. The wall around the Great Zimbabwe was built then the complex itself and has differences in style and techniques (Sayre, 2015, p. 390). The ancient complex holds a lot of secrets proving that the modern mankind with all the technical progress still does not know the real power of ancient people. A Brief Characteristic of Great Zimbabwe According to the translation of the word, ‘Zimbabwe’ means home or grave (Grimbly, 2013, p. 50). The Great Zimbabwe was the capi