ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Admittedly, people have always dreamt about cosmic flights and futuristic vehicles to travel far and wide across the immense Solar system to the bottomless chasms of the expanding Universe. These days, technological progress is likely to make these dreams come true, because there is an innovation, namely commercial drones that can change mankind once and for all. Indeed, hovering robots that look like tiny helicopters and sound like giant mosquitoes can hardly surprise anybody in 2021. While trolling in the park, one is sure to meet children playing small machines using a remote control to make them change directions in the air and reach any destination for one minute, even if it is one’s head. However, children usually grow up, as well their hobbies become their jobs one day. It seems that in the future, there will be dozens of areas where drones would be successfully used. Firstly, commercial drones may be applicable in journalism and photography. It would be helpful to send them to places, difficult to reach for research facilities. There is no doubt that the flying robots will be able to depict all the endangered flora and fauna to help the government save rare species. As far as newspapers are concerned, it would be easy to provide proof for political crimes and unfair acts towards vulnerable minorities so that nobody can advocate offenders anymore. Secondly, hovering robots can be valuable for delivery issues. Unfortunately, it may take too much time for people to send humanitarian aid to refugees or citizens of countries in distress. Therefore with the help of new technologies, there can be thousands of saved lives. Such an image of drones as obedient servants to people’s needs and electronic superheroes of the upcoming age is likely to be illustrative of a positive attitude towards the digitalization of human life. To sum it up, drones should be seen as friends of humanity, as they seem to be versatile concerning areas of their successful usage in the future. One can never know, whether such a device would save them at a dangerous moment when ordinary people will be powerless.
Athens and Sparta were two critical poleis of the Archaic Age of Greece; they were inherently similar but different in many ways. They both shared representative forms of government through assemblies of members elected by the citizens of each respective polis, but Sparta was ruled by two kings in a strictly controlled military state, while Athens was ruled by archons elected annually in a democracy. Both city-states shared an extensive slave-owning culture, with Spartans enslaving the helots while Athens owned significant populations of slaves. It could be argued that both Sparta and Athens were militaristic. Sparta was the epitome of military culture, training males from a young age to fight and be independent. However, Athens also maintained a strong army and powerful navy as well; it was a pacified city-state, often raging war to establish control (Brooks, 2019). Where the two city-states differed significantly is their cultures. Sparta was a military society focused on service to the military and state. It emphasized aspects such as duty, discipline, and physical endurance through all elements of its government system, such as the military, education, and civil service. In many ways, Athens also valued these aspects, particularly with an emphasis on civil service, especially after reforms that allowed not just wealthy aristocrats to rule but gave all males access to power. However, the Athens culture was also heavily embedded in humanities, such as philosophies, art, and entertainment – things that Sparta had little concern for in its society. Athens also maintained a strong class division, where the ruling elite controlled much of the power and wealth while the lower classes, despite being citizens, were given less. Women who had virtually no power, voice, or presence in Athens society were not allowed to own property or vote and were seen as the property of their husbands and fathers. Meanwhile, while some class division existed in Sparta, the militaristic nature bonded everyone together as both kings and regular Spartans respected each other. Women in Sparta were given the most rights, likely in the whole ancient world, being able to own property, could speak publicly, run households, and be relied upon by their husbands (Brooks, 2019). Reference Brooks, C. (2019). Western civilization: A concise history (vol. 1). Portland Community College.
Communication Strategies Negotiation is an art whose knowledge is very fundamental for effective business management. Conventionally, there are set guidelines that govern a good negotiation process. For a negotiator, ethical considerations, responsibilities, advantages and disadvantages of negotiation teams, preferred strategies, and best practices in arbitration are usually given the utmost primacy. For effective communication purposes, it is therefore important to consider negotiation with the associated ethical issues. Ethical Considerations and Deceptive Tactics in Negotiation Every profession has its own rules to which members adhere. Similarly, in negotiation, there are ethics, and it is defined as the code of morals that are practiced by an individual or group of people who share the same beliefs (Gunia, 2019). In negotiation, the ability to point out, evaluate, and create social arguments from a pool of moral views, form part of ethical reasoning. Irreproachable persuasion in negotiations is very important as it enables every negotiator to avoid the cognitive biases which would otherwise deter logical reasoning (Menkel-Meadow et al., 2020). Undoubtedly, ethics can change results in negotiations by enabling one to deal with the occurrence of deceptions. With intentions of manipulating the outcome of the negotiation process, some parties employ deceptive tactics. Common illusive schemes that are used are bluffing and misrepresentation. When either of the parties in a negotiation process deliberately fails to disclose all the information and the opinions of those they represent, they are misrepresenting the decision-makers (Menkel-Meadow, et al., 2020). Moreover, the negotiating parties may decide to deceive other groupings by concealing their actual intentions, which is also referred to as bluffing (Menkel-Meadow et al., 2020). The deceptive tactics used in negotiations are purposefully meant for manipulating the outcome of the whole process. Negotiation Team Responsibilities and Composition a Negotiation Team In the negotiation process, members need to understand their specific roles. The tasks which must be assigned are leadership, secretarial, criticism, relater, expertise, observer, and builder responsibilities, however, not all the roles should be played by separate people (Gunia, 2019). For instance, a leader may be a relater or a critic and secretary may also play an observation role. It should be noted that the responsibilities which may conflict with each other, such as criticism and relater, should be separated (Gunia, 2019). Undisputedly, the composition of a negotiation team always comprises the leader, the secretary, the observer, the critic, the relater, the expert and builder. Role, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Negotiation Team The role of a negotiation team is evaluated based on its performance. Consultation team’s primary roles are to spot the issues of interest to the decision-maker they represent, sharing the matters with those they act for, and ra
Introduction Both films Raging Bull (1980) and Rocky I (1976) can be regarded as one of the best films of past century, as they narrate about the fate of white boxers and the way they overcome difficulties. It is understood that both pictures are worth viewing; they reveal the sport life from different angles as well as its effect on human development. However, Raging Bull deeply contrasts Rock I, as the former is an outright story of destruction of man whereas the latter refers to sport as a chance for a person to develop. Main body Deconstruction of a man against human virtues Raging Bull is a story of a boxer, Jake La Motta, for whom boxing career was a means to reveal his furious nature and desire to kill. He was obsessed with his desire to win and become the champion, irrespective of all the obstacles. Gradually, the viewer can pursue the regression of the boxer as a personality and his incapability to sustain normal human relations. In contrast, Rocky I is an example of film where one could pursue the rise of human spirit. Sport serves as the inspiration for Rocky Balboa to overcome his weakness and reach the results. Box help the hero to cognate his possibility and find the essence of life. The filming and philosophical ideas of the movies On viewing both movies, we could observe that boxing acquires different meaning for both heroes. For Jake, boxing helps him to release his violence and anger. His life gradually transfers to the ring where La Motta becomes a terror whose actions are impossible to control. Outside of the ring, the hero cannot control his emotions so that inability to restrain his anger is compensated by possibility to be the winner on the ring. Hence, Jakes loses the perception of boundaries between the real world and the world of boxing. Unlike Jake, Rocky Balboa acquires the sense of real life in the boxing career. In this film, boxing is exalted to the noble category of sport. The main hero sees sport as the best way to cultivate moral and physical persistence. Boxing, therefore, helps Rocky to find the equilibrium between body and mind; it enables him to arrange normal human relations. Conventionalism against radicalism It is worth saying that the directors of the film attach different meaning for boxing. Thus, in Raging Bull boxing is described as a violent action, as a means to satisfy the animalistic appetite. The Scorsese strives to show the negative impact of boxing through deconstruction as a personality thus showing Jake’s dark, cruel, and greedy inner world. The second film is the reverse side of the medal where boxing is a noble sport with notes of romanticism. Here, boxing is something more than sport, is the determination of human spirit and realization of the hidden possibilities. For Rocky boxing became a life buoy thus inspiring him for good deeds and improving his life for the better. Unlike Raging Bull, Rocky I represents sport as a kind of entertainment deprived of cruel scenes. Conclusion On comparing these two movies, it is worth saying that directors represent different sides of boxing and its impact on the sportsmen
Introduction Homosexuality or the gay culture has been a controversial topic of discussion in virtually every community in the world. Different people subscribe to various traditions rooted in religion or community customs that have varied views on gaysim. Religion condemns and does not all accommodate people who have sexual relation with people of the same gender (Wardle, 2003, p106). Islam, Christianity and even the traditional religions in Africa or elsewhere in the world have perennially had consensus on homosexual relations. Though some Christian denominations in the UK have relaxed a bit and consecrated gay bishops as church leaders, conservatism still remains in the church as far as gaysim is concerned. Even contemporary communities like that of the US where people have embraced liberal tendencies and freedom of people to do what they like is prevalent, homosexuality and same sex unions are frowned upon (Pinello, 2006, p 69). Religion plays an important role in such popular views but again, it shows how deeply rooted the notion that only heterosexual relationships are normal is. According to the Lesbian and Gay Movement, Same sex marriages have become political pet subjects alongside other ethical issues like abortion (1989, p. 35). In Europe and the United States, it is one of the campaign perspectives that voters carefully consider before voting for a candidate to elective office. Same sex marriages or unions elicit strong emotions and the perspectives through which it can be looked at are numerous (Staver, 2004, p 278). Personal opinion which shapes popular opinion is one of them. Homosexuality and the constitution is another one as is the rights of individuals to choose what suits then so long as no one is directly affected. Religion too forms one of the major platforms on which same sex marriages can be discussed. Throughout history, attempts have been made to make it legal for same sex couples to be recognized by the law and live a normal life like that of heterosexual couples (David & Caroline, 2009, p. 96). The campaigns have gained momentum in the 21 st century and a number of countries have succumbed to the pressure to legalize or are seriously considering relaxing the stringent laws that bar same sex unions. Perspectives on same sex marriages Popular opinion on same sex marriage Views about same sex marriages are closely linked to the question of if homosexuality is a choice or innate driven feeling (Wilcox & Rimmerman, 2007, p. 11). A majority of populations in virtually all countries of the world have an unfavorable view about same sex marriages. However many people are warming up to the idea that two people of the same gender can be married and can raise a family together. According to Wilcox & Rimmerman, vies about same sex marriages have thawed same way the inferiority attitude towards black people changed over time. I
Introduction Sports all over the world are known to attract a lot of attention. Spectators and other interested parties throng into venues to watch a sport in action. Team sports are the most adhered to as they carry intrigue and are entertaining to watch. Basketball is a team sport with players scoring what are known famously as baskets. The game is fast and players require high level of fitness and physique. There are four quarters each lasting 20 to 25 minutes depending on the level being played. Spectators in a basketball match are positioned strategically at a higher level to the players. This enables the spectators to have a better view as the game moves so fast and one could easily miss out on the excitement. Most of the professional stadia are built-in enclosures as playing in the rain or hot sun habitually takes a toll on the players. The game consists of a basketball that is dribbled with an intention of putting the ball into a net that is raised. This is the basket that gives it its name. Body In a basketball match as the spectator one has to be alert in all senses. Owing to the fast nature of the sport, a spectator has to concentrate on detecting the ongoings. The human has five senses, the sense of touch, smell, hearing, taste and sight. All these are used in an intrigue situation such as the basketball match. Once the game is on and the ball is being dribbled on the court, spectators are glued to the ball and where it is. In a synergy all senses work to capture full concentration. Using the eyes the position of the ball is focused on so as not to miss any moves scores and fouls if any. The ears are extensively open to hearing any whistle blow for fouls or start and stop of play. The air in the arena is usually filled with sweat and can be smelt all around the court. The feel and taste of the passion can be felt at personal levels. A very intrigued spectator is captured by the game to the extent of actually feeling the emotions that are running in the body. If the team that one is a fun of is in the lead and only a few seconds are remaining, the taste of victory fills the mouth. These two senses also work for a spectator whose team is on the losing end. The feeling of disgust and taste of defeat fills the body. (Five senses, 2006) Conclusion In an intriguing game such as the fast and skillful basketball match, all five senses are required to keep abreast with the game. Distractions caused by external factors such as a phone call can lead to loss of concentration in the game. Although the eyes and ears pick senses physically, they relay the messages to the other senses. In a good match bent on the spectators side, adrenaline flows to create a feel, smell and taste of victory. On the other hand, the same happens to the spectator whose team is losing. A feel of loss, taste of disgust and smell of defeat are sent from the eyes and ears. It is advised that in order to totally enjoy a sp
Introduction Andrew Jackson’s two terms in power were characterized by the presence of fierce political battles and his victory at making revolutionary changes for the United States. Jackson’s legacy was facilitated by the difficulties he faced with the Congress during his two terms of presidency. He was committed to developing a powerful presidency on the grounds of a strong political party. During his terms, the United State’s presidency experienced changes that would revolutionize its nature forever. This paper looks at how Andrew Jackson changed the nature of the presidency. Changes made Andrew Jackson’s legacy is the development and strengthening of the Democratic party. Jackson is remembered for his development of a two-party system in the United States, whereby the Democrats and the Republicans emerged, and they were separated by the differences in political ideologies. President Jackson was particularly a powerful president because he derived his power from the support of the citizens, rather than banking it with the Congress. This was demonstrated by the fact that Congress only passed one law during his two terms. President Jackson vetoed a dozen bills. Jackson demonstrated that the president could possess the power to stand by his political philosophy without yielding to the pressure of the Congress (“American President: A Reference Resource” par. 2). President Jackson expanded the power held by the president by implementing his personal opinions rather than listening to his political allies and enemies. He was quite hostile to his enemies, and he used his power to silence the people who openly went against his decisions. He brought forth the mudslinging strategies used by politicians today. By defying the Supreme Court, Jackson also demonstrated that the executive could easily overpower the judiciary, and many presidents that came after him have engaged in similar behavior. President Jackson started the culture of rewarding his passionate supporters with offices, and this behavior has affected the presidency ever since. The powers held by the president enable the presidents to manipulate laws and grant offices to
From the pre-colonial age, music has been used as a uniting factor in the community. It influences culture and has been attributed to some of the most significant movements in history. The 1950s were characterized by rising segregation and racism, where African Americans mostly worked as slaves and were expected to collaborate with their masters. Research shows that “their rights were severely limited, and they were long denied a rightful share in the economic, social, and political progress of the United States” (Lynch, 2020, para. 2). Rhythm-and-Blues and Rock-n-Roll rose in the 1950s and became the most dominant music genre among the youth. Rhythm-and-Blues and Rock-n-Roll had one similarity: both were performed by African Americans, although some were produced by Native Americans. The two genres represented an awakening that called for the integration of black performers in the white-dominated music industry. The rise of Rhythm-and-Blues and Rock-n-Roll is attributed to two factors: the civil rights movement and technological change. Many young people were tired of the segregation witnessed in schools and religious organizations where African Americans were denied the freedom of expression and association. Rock-n-Roll was also used by slaves in plantations to communicate about their civil rights while their masters were fooled into thinking that the slaves were singing happy celebration songs (Hill, 2020). In the 1950s, significant technological changes were witnessed, whereby the TV threatened to replace the traditional radio in the entertainment industry. Rhythm-and-Blues and Rock-n-Roll came as a solution for safeguarding the place of radio in entertainment and communication. These two types of music dominated other genres, such as country and bebop because; unlike the former, the latter was performed mainly by white Americans. The youth at this time was oriented toward change and civil rights, and Rhythm-and-Blues and Rock-n-Roll were the perfect music genres that communicated their need and fit the technological changes at the time.
Magic realism, or magical realism, is a specific narrative mode in literature where unusual elements of magic and are mixed with real events. This technique allows deepening the general perception of reality. The usage of magic facilitates the understanding of the real world through its separation from illusive pictures. Magic realism is believed to be a kind of visual art genre in literature. Why have I begun my essay with this definition? Because the two works in the further question are written in this very manner. I am going to analyze Pedro Paramo by Juan Rulfo and Gilgamesh by Herbert Mason. My research is devoted not only to examining them as two works of the same style but as two works containing a similar theme. The plot of Pedro Paramo is unusual enough. The main character Juan was requested to search for his father. After her death, he comes to a deserted village. He finds out that it is full of dead voices. The echoes are only phantoms of the past that tell Juan about Pedro Paramo’s life. He also learns that feudal power existing there and an endless love finally led to the destroying of himself and his nation. Listening to their sorrow tales, Juan notices that his reality perception seems dreamlike. Then he concludes that he is dead. As Echevarria notices, “ Pedro Paramo is an intricately wrought novel that some have likened to Dante’s Inferno in its portrayal of sin” (Echevarria, 284). At the same time, it helps to reveal leading topics of the hour. Ghosts of the village cannot forget Pedro his actions. And when they tell the story about his crazy wife, they say “Poor don Pedro”. “No, Fausta, he deserves this. That and more” (Rulfo, 141). The unfair and cruel attitude of Pedro Paramo is observed in family relationships as well. Mother says to Juan “make him pay, son, for all those years he put us out of his mind” (Rulfo, 12). We can say, that Juan Preciado and his story about his father’s search is a modern embodiment of the story about Telemachus looking for Ulysses. But except for this philosophical context, there is also a more historical interpretation of Rolfo’s works. The author concentrated on serious social and political issues and the clearest way of their expression. In his novel, the total deconstruction of political power is observed. A sharp critique of the necessity of several economic and social reforms by the new bourgeoisie is also taken into account. As Smith points out “ Pedro Paramo is one of the most powerful portraits of the “cacique” (the local political boss) to have emerged from Mexican literature” (Smith, 555). Thus, we can conclude that beyond the theme of family links and philosophical search, the theme of nat