ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
On Saturday, January 18 th , 2020, at the Community School of Performing Arts’ (CSPA) Zipper Hall, Winter String Concert took place, featuring the Colburn String Ensemble and String Orchestra. The conductors of this musical masterpiece were Margaret Shimizu and Rebecca Frazier. It was an annual winter performance of the School’s members. It was an exciting and, at times, breathtaking event that made my heart beat faster to the passages of timeless pieces of music. Musicians demonstrated not only perfect pitch and harmonized play but also the significant extent of teamwork and feeling of joy coming from what they were doing. Everyone in the crew knew his or her place, role, and part. The factors above resulted in the fascinating and unified flow of great authors’ compositions. The action started with the string ensemble performing David Schaffer’s Westminster Prelude and Fugue . Melody was quite memorable and straightforward, and musicians were giving bell-like sounding to the notes by quickly striking bows from time to time. It was a composition in major excepting the little part in the Fugue . Then, two pieces from Suite de Symphonies by Jean-Joseph Mouret, and arranged by Rebecca Frazier and Rick England, were performed. Rondeau could be characterized by varying dynamics, fanfare-like openings in constant phrases, and the strong rhythm; moreover, I heard a lot of thrills in this piece. If to compare Westminster Prelude and Fugue to Rondeau , I might assume that the first was more coherent and majestic when the latter was cheerful and rhythmic. Then, the ensemble played one more piece from Suite de Symphonies – Fanfare Allegro . It had the same energetic style as Rondeau , and musicians’ smooth bowing brought a similar feeling of lightness. After Fanfare Allegro , the string orchestra took action and performed Concerto Grosso in G Minor, Op. 6., No. 8 by Arcangelo Corelli. It consisted of five movements: Vivace-Grave, Allegro, Adagio-All
The most difficult time for businesses is the first six months (Rumelt, 1974). However, this period may extend to two years or more depending on the type of business. There are many things a business requires during its initial stages. If the requirements are not met, a business may lose momentum or even collapse. To avoid this, businesses need to know their most crucial needs. This paper will discuss the requirements of businesses in their third and subsequent years of existence. It will also discuss how a business can ensure growth after the first year of existence. Businesses need to make an annual plan. This should be in agreement with the initial business plan of the business. A business plan gives an overall road map while an annual plan sets out targets for the current year. An annual plan serves as a benchmark against which the annual performance is measured. It captures things like targets, goals, objectives and interventions or means of attaining the goals. Without an annual plan, operations of the business may lack direction. Annual plans are made by management in conjunction with all the departments. Funding is another requirement of a business in its second year of operation. All operations of a business require funds. Funds enable a business to run its operations smoothly. The money can be obtained from a variety of sources. The source could be either internal or external. A business that has been in operation for two years may be in a position to generate enough revenue to run its operations. However, in some cases the proprietors may be required to inject more capital into the business. A business should also comply with all legal requirements. These requirements vary depending on the location of the business. This includes filling and paying taxes. Incompliance can damage the reputation of the company. Good management is a very important aspect of a business. A business needs to be properly managed for it to move forward. Good management involves proper management of finances, human resource, operations and the supply chain. Good management is dependent on the availability of good managers. A business should attract and retain people with the desirable skills. Growth Strategies There are many strategies that a business in its second year of operation can employ in order to grow. They include excellent marketing, competitive pricing, identifying a niche market/market fragmentation, knowing the competition, and good communication. Marketing covers all the activities intended to increase the business’s revenue. These activities range from advertising to branding. A business needs to spend some money on advertisement to popularize both itself and its products. Branding is important to a business because it distinguishes it from its competitors. Competitive pricing entails pricing of goods and services so that they fall within a certain range. This should be done in such a way that the prices are comparable or better than those of the competitors. However, a company should be careful not to
World Wildlife Fund (WWF), along with students and researchers, has always supported the establishment of integrated bio-refineries since it has proved to be a very promising concept for all. There are also a number of NGOs that worry about the biodiversity and are ecologically driven, the biggest being World Wildlife Fund (WWF), who constantly help these bio-refineries so that it can upgrade their processes thus, protecting the environment. NGO’s and private communities provide most of the funds, along with the government, for the development of these integrated bio-refineries. Bio-refineries are technically sophisticated and thus, economically viable even for its shareholders and insurers. It has an increased production efficiency making them appealing to both new and old customers. The products come with an improved quality and are more efficient. For the government bio-refineries make perfect economic sense since the fuels, heat, electricity and chemicals, like ethanol, produced by them can be utilized for energy, transportation, and household purposes and also by the chemical and agricultural industries. The federal and state policies regarding the implementation of more and more integrated bio-refineries are changing very fast, everyday, since it offer us with an interesting market. Government funds are extremely helpful for the establishment of these integrated bio-refineries since most industry adopters fear the risk they will have to face, if they invest into bio-refineries, due to rapid technological developments. Already the government has invested billions of dollars into bio-refineries since they require the constant support of the government for their continual development. Although bio-refineries have certain economic sustainability issues they are helping the government to strengthen the regional economy. The NGOs and the government have understood that in order to satisfy the growing demand for various agricultural products it is utterly necessary that biomass and bio-feedstock be used as efficiently as possible. And this can only be done through an integrated system of bio-refineries. The employees, suppliers, consumers or customers and local communities of integrated bio-refineries also form their important stakeholder since without them a bio-refinery would not be possible. Integrated bio-refineries come with the promise of a better lifestyle and enhanced working conditions for its employees. Even the consumers can get better environmental performance from these improved bio-refineries which conforms to the technical standards and present regulations applied. However they face certain social and economical sustainability issues since bio-refineries emit harmful gases and effluents into the air and water and even cause soil erosion. They also hugely affect global warming since use of bio-refineries cause a reduction in greenhouse gases which leads to increase in the global temperature. But the most alarming impact of the bio-refineries is that it affects the health of its
The present day nursing literature provides us with only minimal data on hemolytic transfusion reactions, that is why Johnson, Viviana’s article Emergency Transfusion of Incompatible Red Blood Cells is especially valuable, being based on one concrete case observation. The author describes a 62-year-old woman’s case with gastrointestinal hemorrhage, threatening her life. The woman had a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction after having been transfused 2 units of red blood cells. When the patient was in semiconscious condition the clinicians had to act without delay and regarded transfusion of incompatible RBCs less dangerous than pausing the transfusing. They decided to infuse methylprednisolone (120 mg) and to transfuse 4 units of ABO/Rh (D)-matched, cross-match-incompatible (3+) RBCs. The clinicians realized that they were taking certain risk, that is why they monitored the patient’s vital signs carefully. One hour after the transfusion the woman felt much better, her urine did not change its colour, hematocrit increase was sustained, as it had been planned before. Several hours after the transfusions all the transfused RBCs were U+. Methylprednisolone was discontinued five days later. Viviana comes to a conclusion that not every reaction of crossmatch-incompatible transfusion will occur immediately, it may be delayed under certain circumstances. Transfusion of incompatibility with anti-A or anti-B RBCs may be life-threatening, but other serologic incompatibilities may be even life-saving. Among the latter are autoimmune hemolytic anemia, not reacting at 37°C antibodies and antibodies that occur naturally. In the case described, for example, The RBCs were crossmatch-incompatible due to a strongly reacting alloantibody. The overall transfusing of serologically incompatible RBCs is out of the question, but in some cases it may lessen the risk. It is of crucial importance to collect materials about similar cases in order to share the experience. The article in question is a very informative one and raises a serious problem. Dealing with the transfusion reactions is not easy to make the correct diagnosis, as they may be delayed or unrecognized. Very often there is only minor or no morbidity and they may be unnoticed, that may lead to serious transfusion reactions in future. It was very useful for me to learn about one more example about clinicians doing their work good enough to save the woman’s life. They managed to predict and analyze all possible reactions and consequences, though some of them even were delayed. It demonstrates a high professional level, as the correct diagnosing in the working atmosphere when a human’s life depends upon your decisions and there is no time to hesitate and there one have no right for a mistake. Most of the patients are much more afraid of the infectious diseases being transmitted through the transfusion, they do not even know that other transfusion reactions may be not less serious and though common enough very often may be left undetected. Johnson, Viviana’ s article not only informs about the experience of transfusing incompatible RBCs to a 62-year-old woman and the succe
Effective analysis is a crucial process when it comes to issues related to security. Intelligence is also closely tied to the aspect of analysis. The intelligence community will continue to rely heavily on a number of intelligence parameters that can aid their work. Both the past and modern policymakers are keen on analysis owing to its utility nature and usefulness. This brief essay discusses a number of methods that can be used to improve analysis. First, the entire process requires high quality employees. In other words, effectiveness of the analysis process is governed by the quality of input. This implies that only intelligent or highly professional analysts should be incorporated in future analysis in order to improve the process. The flow and stock of workers deployed to carry out analyses should be comprised of individuals who are competent and passionate enough on their roles (Lahneman 2006). For example, reward for excellence is highly recommended for specialized workers and career personnel who demonstrate effectiveness and hard work. This motivates the available stock of analysts and eventually improves productivity. Moreover, specialization should be encouraged among members of staff. Narrowing the scope of operations during the analysis process enhances quality delivery. Regular leadership training and capacity building of employees should also be part and parcel of the analysis improvement process. As a matter of fact, a lot of emphasis on the quality of delivery is required. The CIA and other related government intelligence agencies should make sure that the skills of personnel can be made more dynamic and vibrant. Second, the intelligence community should not be isolated at all. It is essential for the community to be well stocked with talented individuals from other disciplines such as business and the academia world. Better still, both the mid-career and lateral entry levels into the intelligence community should be encouraged in order to minimize the nature of isolation that has existed for a long time. Even short-term projects can benefit a lot from talented minds attracted from other fields. The balance between consumers and intelligence producers should be improved forthwith. The current relationship between the two groups is not stable. Needless to say, policymakers and intelligence professionals should clearly comprehend and appreciate the needs of each other (Lahneman 2006). The latter can be attained by ensuring that career intelligence officers are rotated on a regular basis. This implies that the same officers should never dominate the policymaking departments for a very long time. Rotation assists in eliminating static professional growth. An option should als
“What goes around comes around.” This seems like a serious enough conjecture, one we often tell ourselves when someone wrongs us. But what seems most interesting about the idea of ‘just desert’ is the philosophy behind it. ‘Just desert’ is a term used to describe what a person rightly deserves and is most often seen in terms of criminal justice. If a crime is committed, punishment is deserved and the debate boils down to what form of punishment best services this crime. There are many arguments both for and against the idea, but it remains just that: an idea. In due respect, just punishment is always an ideological Utopian belief that a crime receives what he/she deserves. This does not always happen. What is ‘just desert’ in its political and criminal context and where does it actually come from? Plato wrote his highly effective Republic, using Socrates as an example of justice in ancient Greek politics. Socrates about his trial for apparently misleading scholars in believing in gods other than what Greek religion saw fit. The dialogue is both a jibe at justice and at what we have come to believe is the war against good and evil. It brings to light the difficulty in determining what is right and wrong when it comes to philosophy and also in terms of justice. When Moses brought forth the tablets of the Ten Commandments, they became more of a basic guideline for responsible societal behavior rather than a religious ideal. First and foremost in order to protect all members of the public from undue harm, they set about creating a set of norms by which society would be able to control deviant behavior in the interests of everyone instead of a select few. “From the Republic, written by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, to A Theory of Justice, written by the late Harvard philosopher John Rawls, every major work on ethics has held that justice is part of the central core of
Summary Increased production of goods and services is conducted from state and market-based structures. The above illustration addresses formalization thesis from a definition point of view. However, this assumption is considered a fact when factors influencing informal economy remain constant or in a dwindling state (Williams 2007, p. 14). The article emphasizes on the significance of formalizing economy using an example of work and leisure. This differentiation implies that social interaction determines whether the work is formal or informal (Williams 2007, p. 14). From this example of informal and formal work, one understands the significance of formalizing the economy. In fact, this forms a credible platform for a credible argument. To ensure that the argument is credible, the author uses the examples of work, economies and to illustrate formalization. Therefore, readily available data on the employment rate is instrumental in distinguishing formal and informal economies (Williams 2007, p. 14). This is evidenced in data extracted from both developed and developing countries. From the article, self-provisioning, paid informal exchange and unpaid community work are categories of the informal work (Williams 2007, p. 14). From these categories, it is evident that social interaction exhibits formalities and informalities embedded in the work. Depiction of first, second and third worlds is a convenient way of understanding how formalization increases production of good and services (Williams 2007, p. 16). Moreover, the development and production of goods and services among first, second and third worlds exhibits formalization progress. In addition, progression and development in a first world is exemplified by increased emphasis on formalization (Williams 2007, p. 17). This evidenced by state and market-based policies that represent modern practices and structures in production of goods and services. Third world countries represent informal economies with no state or market-driven policies. A negative association with informal sphere of the economy is a common perspective in the formalization thesis. The author emphasizes that formalization thesis can be contested on feasibility and validity since it is based on assumptions (Williams 2007, p. 17). Therefore, a need to conduct further investigation about the significance of formalization thesis is critical. Questions Formalization is the process of using policies, structures and predetermined rules to execute an activity. For example, work can be formalized through a contract that outlines the nature of operations, hours, salary and allowances. Formalization thesis is justified by the fact that economies are advanced from a development perspective (Weiss 2000, p. 42). Examples of work, countries and economies justifies why progression towards formalization is integral in improving production of goods and services. The author’s arguments are credible irrespective of their lack
Executive Summary The focus of this report is to explore business ethics in leadership and management development using study approaches to delve into the concept. From research resources and leaders’ insights, the path to an organization’s sustainable success is through ethical leading and managing. The paper will examine business ethics in relation to team development via approaches such as training. A comparison of ethics role is given in detail, pointing the effects as well. A variety of business ethics such as personal responsibility, corporate responsibility, respect, trustworthiness, and fairness is discussed inclusively. Introduction Organizations have changed rapidly and to a great extent due to enabling factors such as technological breakthroughs. The transformation will continue in coming decades with an increasing need for shifts in structure, global competition, work process, or content creation. Ethics are in the heart of leadership, and individuals should not take for granted the ethical roles that come with the position (Tushar, 2017, p. 83). Some entities focus on maximizing short terms profits which could lead to corporate scandals. Examples of such scenarios were witnessed with Fannie Mae, WorldCom, HealthSouth, Qwest, and Enron, where leaders failed the businesses ethically (Tushar, 2017, p. 83). Unethical irresponsible practices can tarnish good credibility. The purpose of this paper is to provide a report on the role of ethics in leadership and management development. Methods of Study Used To gain insight into the role of business ethics in leadership and management development. A semi-structured interview was conducted involving two business leaders and two managers from different companies. A leader was defined as someone in the senior position of an organization, such as a CEO, while a manager is in the lower rank. The two managers from companies A and B were in charge of human resources. The qualitative study approach applied the use of telephone because an office meeting was impossible. The selection of the participants was based on online ratings as the best hiring and successful local company. During the interview, important notes were taken concerning ethics, leadership, and management development concepts. This method’s choice was relevant because it provided first-hand information about the topic; therefore, the data gathered is more reliable. Another methodology used is research on existing data from credible published library sources such as online databases. Criteria used to select information sources involved date range and topics covering on leadership and management practice ethics. Findings and Discussion Role of Business Ethics in Leadership Development Business ethics in leadership entail a broad spectrum of areas. For example, a leader can improve a company’s reputation or credibility by exemplifying quality ethical behaviors to employees within an organization, according to Tushar (2017). Leadership skills are used to demonstrate the right ethics in an organization team and establish a positive culture. Both leaders interviewed reported that ethics in leadership plays a crucial role i
The paper will look at the social, political, and cultural factors associated with performances in the theatres and how much attention is given to the physical setting of the theatres, and the audiences as compared to that given to the performers. The antithesis in this text is the suggestion that there has to be some control over the power structure vested with the performers, or otherwise the running of the society will forever be questionable. On the other hand, the argument and elaboration of the Celtic theory that focuses on modes and forms of theatres form the thesis. The author argues against fighting all authorities and instead gives a proposal for identification of social groups as a way of making life in the society meaningful. From the general outlook and the arguments presented, the text targets the general group that has an interest in the running of the society. The author uses a pure post-structural theoretical framework assumptions. Those that have been made in this case presuppose that the cultural, social and political causes of the society are interrelated and that the description of the relations, expectations and performers stands out as an assumption. The issue of private and public power is also debated by the author. The template could be considered as a confirmation to the fact that nature binds the society, and thus rumors concerning rituals are never theorized. Development of the text is unclear since it begins with a definition of performance drawn from other authors and an argument surrounded by a lot of assumptions. Every