ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Want to know what the role of family as an agent of socialization is? The essay example below is focused on this important issue. Find in it everything necessary to discuss on the role of family and community as agents of socialization. Introduction Socialization is a gradual process through which a baby learns the principles, ways of life, conventions, and regulations of his or her society. Sociologists define it as the process through which one inherits cultural beliefs and ideologies of his society. It involves learning of the crucial processes in the society (Mitchell 199). Agents of socialization refer to the structures and techniques of social organization that control the behavior of an individual in a given society. There are four socialization agents in the society. These include the family, academic institutions, peers, and the media. Socialization agents vary in different societies. In most circumstances, the family is the key socializing agent. It is the most crucial socialization agent in a primeval society. The human concept of a family is a group of persons who are linked together by resemblance, consanguinity, and co-residence. In many communities, it is the principal agent for children socialization (Rosenberg 672). There is no set time concerning the commencement and end of socialization. However, some social scientists have devised distinct socialization stages. These include oral, anal, oedipal, and teenage stages. The family is the chief socializing agent in these stages. Oral stage is the stage where an infant is not involved with the whole family but associates with the mother. The newborn at this point only identifies the mother. The second stage, anal, usually begins after the first year
Theories are indissolubly connected with a nursing career, practice, and research. In general, a theory can be explained as a statement that describes or defines a phenomenon, and that needs to be proved. Theories are formed as a result of the desire to resolve a scientific or practical problem. Then a hypothesis, a question that is later checked to find the right solution, is built. However, verification and proof of any theory require a lot of time and effort. I believe a theory in the nursing field aims to improve understanding of the process of medical care to provide the best service for patients ultimately. In nursing theory, “competence, confidence, compassion, comportment, conscience, and commitment” are characteristics of caring which describe the behavior of nurses (Tappen, 2016, p. 22). Without theory, it would be challenging to make real progress, develop nursing practice, and improve the quality of care. Reference Tappen, R. M. (2016). Advanced nursing research: From theory to practice . Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Introduction China is considered to have been one of the largest and most advanced economies in the world during the nineteenth century. The country’s economy stagnated since the 16 th century (Liao 191). In totality, China’s economy deteriorated between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. However, there was a brief recovery during 1930s. Economic reforms that ushered in capitalistic market principles were introduced in 1978 (Cai 241). The reforms were implemented in two stages. Hart-Landsberg, Burkett and Lardy have extensively discussed the issue of economic reforms in China. This is the subject of this paper. Market-Based Reforms in China The leaders of China’s Communist Party had envisaged a program of market socialist reforms so as to deal with the country’s economic stagnation. Nonetheless, the economic reform process resulted in what has been described as an increasingly hierarchical and brutal form of capitalism (Hart-Landsberg and Burkett 34). Economic scholars have explained why the market-based economic reforms in China were not fully planned. One of the reasons is that the process of pursuing a new form of socialism was taken-over by party elites who were afraid of losing their privileges (Hart-Landsberg and Burkett 34). In this case, the elites were faced with the popular demand for economic reforms. Following this, they initiated a reform process that would allow them to get more control over the resources of China. This is what actually resulted in market-based reforms in the country (Hart-Landsberg and Burkett 34). The Chinese government might have greatly considered marketization of China’s economy; however, market imperatives swiftly proved overwhelming. This was witnessed in each stage of the country’s economic reforms which was geared towards achieving a new form of socialism but ended up expanding the market power (Hart-Landsberg and Burkett 40). Even though China has persistently pursued a new form of socialism, known as market socialism, its internal dynamics seem to have failed to prevent or contain the imperatives of market forces. As a result, capitalism is thriving in place of the planned market socialism. In addition, the planned economic reforms have resulted in the progressively exploitative growth process. The process generates wealth for a small Chinese minority at slightly higher costs, which are borne by the majority of the Chinese working class (Hart-Landsberg and Burkett 41). It is also important to note that even though China has been using market socialism as its main goal of economic reforms, its entire economic operations are greatly dependent on the operations of a wider process of regional and international restructuring, which is subject to the control by international or cross-border capital. Therefore, it has been forced to provide support and strength to existing international power structures and the global tension and imbalances they create. In this case, the reforms are achieving capitalism instead of the planned market socialism. The international market structure is based on the free market. Therefore, since China’s economy significantly depends on the
Introduction Traditionally, utopia has been characterised by the vision of an ideal society devoid of suffering and anguish (Townsend 24; Jameson 18). Philosophers have described this society by giving varied accounts of how the future should be (Townsend 28; Jameson 33). In other words, the proportion of fact to fantasy varies depending on who is asked. However, most researchers who describe utopia strive to advocate for certain universal ideals like justice, fairness, democracy, sharing earthly goods, and equality of the sexes (Petito and Mavelli 81; Utopianism – A Very Short Introduction 1). Many people buy into Utopia because life has many challenges. For example, the average human being has several undesirable qualities. Some of them are simple, such as being a nuisance; however, in other cases, they border on outright evil, such as killing someone else. When realism is employed in utopian arguments, people who advocate for the concept express naivety because it is physically impossible to support the utopian view. Nonetheless, its ideals have enabled many people to take action and improve their lives. For example, early immigrants who came to America from different parts of the world were driven by utopian thoughts of fairness and equality. Utopian ideals led to the development of the utopian theory. More is one of the first researchers to explore the concept in traditional media and stated that it is admired by several people around the world because they want an opportunity to escape from a reality characterised by undesirable elements (2). Therefore, people often watch several works of art because they draw from the experiences (Tower, Utopianism – A Very Short Introduction 76). The utopian theory has been linked to the gratification theory. Their relationship is supported by the fact that both of them draw on the agreement that human beings consume works of media to escape reality (Gündüz 1; Orwell 26). Furthermore, proponents of both theories acknowledge the stress and turmoil that characterise human life or reality (Gündüz 1; Orwell 26; Tower “The Three Faces of Utopianism Revisited” 1). Nonetheless, the utopian theory describes a mediated world which attracts people because of its di
Background The theatre Royal initiated the use of the fire sprinkler system in 1812. Sir Congreve invented the apparatus. The apparatus used were perforated pipes instead of the later designed sprinkler heads. The system was used in textile mills in New England for fire protection. These systems did not use an automatic mechanism. They had to be manually adjusted in case of fires. Pratt, in 1872, invented the first automated sprinkler system. His piano company was installed with the first automated fire sprinkler system. The glass disc sprinkler came about in the year 1890 and is in use until today. In the early 1940’s, only commercial buildings utilized the fire sprinkler system. The system managed to become a mandatory feature in modern North American buildings as a requisition by the building codes with their enforcement. Outside North America, sprinklers are not a mandatory feature in occupancies that have few occupants. Introduction The fire sprinkler system is an active mechanism used to extinguish fires. It comprises of a network of piping used to distribute extinguishing agents to sprinklers. An extinguishing agent’s supply unit provides extinguishing agents at high pressure to the pipes. The sprinkles have valves that retain the water at high pressure within the system. When a fire erupts, a sensor triggered which activates the release of the valves. The system then, not so randomly sprays extinguishing agents at high pressure putting out the fire. Wet pipe systems Wet pipe system is the most commonly used fire sprinkler system. Their simplicity has optimized its use amongst the users of the systems. This makes it most reliable, with automated operating components that control the automated sprinklers and an automated check valve with an alarm. Finally, the high-pressured water is supplied into the piping system using an automated sequence. Dry pipe systems Dry pipe system is used in extremely cold atmosphere. The cold conditions may freeze the water in the pipeline system and makes the system malfunction. The main areas that use this system include; parking buildings, unheated buildings and canopies. Coolers utilize this mechanism too. The system can boast being the second used fire sprinkler system. Air pressure keeps water away from the piping system. The air pressure in the pipes keeps the water away as it maintains below the water pressure. This means that when the pressure is decreased the valve open up and the water flows. When a fire erupts, that hold air in the pipes triggers, and the air expelled forcing the water into the pipeline system and out of the sprinklers. The system portrays a slight delay in the release of water during an emerg
Modern life does not stop striking one with injustice and cruelty that happens in the world. Some are silently observing what is going on around them, others take some stand and become outrageous supporters of their views. As the writer’s role in a most general sense presupposes a firmness of one’s position concerning this or that event crucial for the development of the country he or she lives in, Arundhati Roy has her own views on the actions of the United States government and shares them with the readers and listeners afterward. The main point that the author makes is that the US government does not succeed in establishing a good relationship between power and powerlessness. On reading her speech I interpreted this idea in a slightly different way: it is in the Unites States’ interest to divide the world for those who are with them, and those who are against them. The readers/listener’s attention to the problem discussed is attracted with the first sentences. The author admits that she is going to read her speech out loud and stresses the two reasons for reading: first, she is a writer and she feels more comfortable when she writes and not tells and, second, the complexity of the problem under consideration increases the responsibility of the one who deals with it: “I think we have to be very, very precise about what we’re saying and how we say them and the language that we use.” (Roy 1) Once the readers’/listeners’ attention is drawn to the problem the author aims at finding the necessary words that will not scare the audience off. Due to the seriousness and the acuteness of the subject under analysis, the author seems to run risks because of being misunderstood. She warns the audience that she is not “an ideologue who wants to pit one absolutist ideology against another, but as a story-teller who wants to share her way of seeing.” She continues: “Though it might appear otherwise, my writing is not really about nations and histories; it’s about power. About the paranoia and ruthlessness of power. About the physics of power.” (Roy 1) I like the way the author presents her views on power: she states that she believes that the accumulation of vast unfettered how storytellers the institution, the authority of the person that accumulates it inevitably leads to excesses of power. The speaker makes the problem understandable for everyone, thus she helps the audience realize that no one can stay aside and has to take some position. The reality of life is that those who are this or that way concerned with American problems are either “Americans” or “Anti-Americans”. Those who blindly follow the demagogical principles of the US government are treated as “Americans” by it; those who criticize the actions of the US government are considered “Anti-Americans”. The author ruthlessly attacks those who pin labels of the types. She asks a lot of rhetorical questions that cannot but touch the readers/listeners’ hearts and make them find adequate answers: But what does the term “anti-American” mean? Does it mean you are anti-jazz
Operating a fast-food establishment involves dealing with changing aspects of demand and supply. Therefore, good forecasting and capacity planning practices can be used to ensure that there is adequate management of resources. On the other hand, capacity and forecasting activities are responsible for ensuring that demand for all products “is met in the right amount, at the right time, and with the right quality” (Nahmias, 2011, p. 34). The business operations at McDonald’s are reflective of how capacity and forecasting factors can affect a business. Most business operations at McDonald’s are aimed at guaranteeing fast services for customers. Capacity and forecasting issues for McDonald’s are heightened by the fact that the business covers a wide area of operation and serves millions of customers around the world. This paper addresses capacity and forecasting issues within the operations at McDonald’s restaurants. One capacity issue that applies to McDonald’s involves demand. The demand for fast food items peaks at certain times of the day. Consequently, it is quite difficult for the restaurant to meet customer demand during peak hours. Several competitors have taken note of this capacity problem and they have established their businesses close to McDonald’s restaurants with the view of capitalizing on this constraint (Rainbird, 2009). McDonald’s restaurants are known for fast service and this advantage attracts a big number of customers. Another capacity issue for McDonald’s involves space especially in regards to customer parking. Most of McDonald’s restaurants are located in busy locations. Therefore, there is a shortage of parking spaces in most of the franchised establishments. This capacity issue has made malls and drives through facilities prime locations in regards to the McDonald’s business model. On the other hand, it is quite expensive to set up a restaurant within these prime locations. The future of McDonald’s restaurants will be restricted by the need to target areas with high foot traffic and drive-in customers at the same time. McDonald’s restaurants use both qualitative and quantitative forecasting methods. On most occasions, available customer data and sales statistics are used to forecast the input that can be able to satisfy the demand for products and services. On a short-term basis, these forecasting methods ensure that the oscillations in demand within several hours in a day can be matched by adequate and constant supply. In the long term, quantitative forecasting methods can be used to determine the areas with the highest demand for new restaurants (Makridakis, 2008). Forecasts can also be used to indicate the factors that can change the fortunes of non-performing restaurants. Long-term data from several restau
Introduction Marketing has become an important aspect of this information age. This project focuses on the successful World cup bid that was in favor of Qatar. The world governing football body FIFA normally allows for bids so that the highest bidder or country hosts the World cup competition. The World Cup 2022 is to be hosted in Qatar for the first time. This will be an ample opportunity for businessmen to invest in Qatar during the competitions. This paper focuses on the Qatar World Cup bid by taking a look at the World Governing body FIFA. The paper will also investigate and analyze the probable promotional campaign medium such as brochures, posters among others. The paper then concludes by analyzing the target market and how the promotional materials will affect the target market. This discussion is tied to FIFA’s mission and objectives. Background Information In 2007, FIFA finalized its policy of continental rotation making African and South American countries disqualified for 2018 and 2022. FIFA World Cup bidding process for the year 2022 started in March 2009. The governing body received a total of eleven bids from close to thirteen countries. All the bids from Europe were canceled while other countries like Indonesia had their bid canceled for inadequate backing from the government and Mexico withdrew due to financial constraints. The hotly contested bidding process had voting rights taken away from two FIFA committee members due to allegations of bribery. The final success of Qatar winning the World cup is seen by many people as a boost to the nation’s economic and financial growth of the country. Marketing becomes an important aspect during this competition since the world cup is a world competition that brings several countries together. FIFA is governed by the FIFA Congress, the Executive committee, and the standing committee. The governing body must ensure that the competition is well marketed. In an interview with the FIFA president, he cited several factors that must be considered for a country to be considered. These include the number of stadiums and their capacities, finances, government support, security, and other social amenities. The Organization The purpose of this plan is to create investment opportunities in Qatar during the year 2022 by putting in place the right promotional materials so that a large number of people can attend the world cup competitions in Qatar. The objectives of FIFA are to organize the world cup competitions in a free and fairway, to analyze the different technologies to be employed during the competitions, and the planning how the competitions will be promoted throughout the world. Promotional Campaign After the successful bids, Qatar has a very challenging task of promoting the world cup competition with the help of the FIFA governing council so that the competition succeeds. Jobber (2001) argues that a successfu
The application of stem cells and cloning technology remain to be practices that raise ethical concerns. The first moral issue relating to stem cells and cloning is the safety of such experiments. According to Volarevich et al. (2018), some experiments show that the transplantation of human stem cells results in the development of teratomas, which are tumors with three germ layers. This is only one example of health concerns linked to stem cell use. Secondly, some of these therapies are based on the use of cells derived from human embryos. As Volarevic et al. (2018) note, “ethical dilemma involving the destruction of a human embryo is a major factor” that contributes to the limited use of this practice (p. 36). Ilic and Ogilvie (2017) argue that this is a dilemma between the obligation of doctors and scientists to save lives and the need to destroy it in order to obtain stem cells. Pursuing research with the use of these cells would mean accepting that the destruction of early-stage human embryos is acceptable. Finally, the use of stem cells is linked to cloning due to induced pluripotent stem cells, which resolved the dilemma with using embryos (Volarevic et al., 2018). The result of this is the potential risk of having genetically engineered humans or even experiments with combining the genes of humans and animals. The root of the dilemma with cloning is the answer to the question, can scholars and practitioners make decisions about recreating or manipulating human genes. Cloning is considered unethical because there are many psychological, biological, and social concerns relating to this process. However, in the modern-day context, cloning can mean anything from creating a copy of a cell to recreating an entire organism, and the moral issues in these cases differ (Raff, 2018). For example, with the replication of an organism, the self-identification of the cloned individual is under threat. Raff (2018) argues that molecular cloning is an ethically acceptable practice and is routinely done in laboratories. However, full-organism cloning is a technically complex and controversial process. Moreover, the purpose of full organism cloning and its end result presents an ethical dilemma. The main question is why clone an individual, what was the goal and expected outcome from such an experiment. The place of the cloned individual in the society and their role remain under question. Finally, previous studies and experiments on animals have shown that cloning presents a danger to the organism and can have unpredictable outcomes. Volarevic et al. (2018) argue that “undesired differentiation and malignant transformation” remain to be the core concerns with these practices (p. 36). Hence, both cloning and use of stem cells may be dangerous for a person, which puts people at substantial risk, and therefore these