ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The issue of staffing measurement is one of the major roles of the human resources managers in organizations. Societal dynamics require occasional and continual appraisal of employees working in a certain organization. The need to know the ability, development, creativity, and productivity of employees necessitates the aforementioned appraisal. Employees also want to know whether they are improving or not. Additionally, human resource managers and shareholders also want to know employees that deserve promotion on pure merit. This need qualifies staffing measurement as a crucial undertaking in every organization. Since staffing measurement involves evaluation of the staff members by their supervisors or managers, it is necessary to observe certain ethical standards in order to ensure balance and fairness in the exercise. Therefore, ethical considerations should be put in place to ensure that performance appraisal is fair. Ethics in performance appraisal will enable managers to do what is right and morally acceptable. In most cases, the results of staffing appraisal are seconded by rewards and appreciation or punishment. Employees that score high on appraisal are promoted and appreciated through rewards and pay increments, while those that decline in performance are counseled, warned, motivated, demoted, or punished by being laid off. Worse still, employees with repeated behavior of dismal performance may be dismissed from the organization. With such consequences emerging from staffing measurement, it is important to follow ethical standards to the letter. This paper will discuss ethical issues in staffing measurement from the perspective of organizational governance. The method/ type of staff appraisal adopted should be ethical Every organization that is focused
The vast majority of people are fond of movies and find many of them rather education and helpful to their every day life. One of the most powerful sides of any movie is raising and discussing numerous psychological problems and concepts, which help to solve vital problems and challenges and be satisfied with the results. One of such movies, which may touch human soul and mind, is Rain Main starring Tom Cruise and Dustin Hoffman. This movie describes a story of a young man, Charlie Babbit, who is eager to take his father’s business and money after the latter’s death; however, the dreams of Mr. Babbit are failed, when he gets to know that all father’s money go to his brother, he has not known before. Now, Charlie has to meet his brother, gain his confidence, and make him give money. But the events become more interesting, when Charlie meets Raymond and comprehends that their lives are so connected. Raymond’s autism is one of the first problems, Charlie has to cope with; but everything is not that easy as Charlie expects. Rain Man teaches people trust, care, and support each other, helps to comprehend and assist those people with autism spectrum, and explains that people are not always all-powerful, and certain whims of destiny cannot be outwitted. Psychology is regarded as a science about behavior and all mental processes, which are inherent to people and other living beings (Nevid, 2008). The major point of this science is its grounds to observations and theories, because all facts about beings have to be collected first of all, and their organized into theories in order to explain human behavior and their reactions to certain situations, predict possible consequences, and influence or even improve future behavior. Lots of psychological concepts exist and considerably influence human attitude to current events, problems, and challenges. These concepts make people differ from each other and represent absolutely different reaction to
Introduction Grumpy, Happy, Dopey… the seven dwarfs, familiar to most from childhood, are distinct representations of different personality traits. “Personality,” from the Latin word “persona,” refers to the traits and patterns that lie behind an individual’s consistent behavior, thinking, and feeling. Historical Perspectives Choleric Hippocrates: yellow bile from the liver. Galen: passionate, ambitious, bold. Melancholic Hippocrates: black bile from the kidneys. Galen: reservd, anxious, unhappy. Sanguine Hippocrates: red blood from the heart. Galen: joyful, eager, optimistic. Phlegmatic Hippocrates: white phlegm from the lungs. Galen: calm, reliable, thoughtful. Personality is innate! Distances between bumps on the sku Over the years, many other theori Locus of Control   * Internal: the belief that effors and decisions determine the outcomes.   * External: beliefs about the power we have over our lives. Internal Locus of Control   * Believing that work will pay off.   * Taking responsibility for positive and negative outcomes.   * Blaming oneself for failing. External Locus of Control   * External factors are more important than individual’s actions.   * Not taking responsibility for failure or success.   * Hoping things will just work themselves out.   * Feeling helpless in situations. I relate to the internal Locus of Control, which is why I like to work hard and Even in situations over which Openness; Conscientiousness; Extroversion; Agreeableness Five Factor Model
Introduction Target Corporation is a retail company that is located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is ranked as one of the largest retail companies in the US. The CEO, Gregg Steinhafel, resigned following a chain of events that led to the organization losing its identity and most of its customers. The top officials embarked on the process of finding a replacement. They finally settled on the first non-homegrown CEO, Brian C Cornell, who was formally the CEO of PepsiCo America and the Sam’s Club. Cornell helped the company take a turnaround, as Target’s financial performance improved significantly after his appointment as the chairman and CEO. Situation Analysis Target Corporation is a company that operates in the discount retail store industry. The industry has a lot of players, thus it experiences a high level of competition. External Situation The general economic situation is not very good for the company. Most people do not have a habit of spending a lot of money in retail shops when there are economic hardships, although they may still end up spending more due to impulse buying because retail shops display their goods appealingly. The ailing economic situation has a negative effect on the retail industry, as the general profitability of most organizations in the industry is going down. However, it should be noted that the economic situation recently showed signs of recovering and the companies in the retail industry are expected to have improved profitability, as people will be willing to spend more. Consumer Trends Most of the customers who go to shop in the retail outlets are the young and youthful generation. These are customers who do not have a high income; therefore, they do not intend to spend a lot of money on shopping. Instead, they look for relatively cheap products and services. They, however, end up spending more than expected as a result of impulse buying that is caused by the attractive display of products and the creativity exhibited in the shops. Internal Situation Target Corporation had a good financial performance that saw it become one of the top retail stores in the United States for a long time. However, the company had financial challenges in the recent years, where it registered dwindling profits. In the year 2013, it made losses that were said to be as a result of a data breach. Management and culture Target has a kind of management that is highly creative and open to new ideas that can help it maintain its competitiveness. The corporate strategy is to sell cheap products that can be affordable to the common citizens. Creativity is the hallmark of the company’s competitiveness. Target market and customers Target Corporation targets mostly the low and middle income earners, although it also has products for the high income earners. Its customers are mostly the young generation and the common citizens. Product There have been complaints from the customers about the product mix. Target customers feel that the product mix adds pressure on them. The buyers are unwilling to take the risk of acquiring new products, thereby creating an unnecessary cost to the suppliers of the products. The compan
Points Included in the Evaluation of a Quality Programme The JCI Hospital standards manual provides vital points that must be included in the evaluation of a quality improvement program. They include the management of quality and patient safety activities, measuring selection and data collection, analysis and validation of the measurement data, and sustaining quality improvement. International patient safety entails various points such as correct patient identification, improving effective communication, ascertaining correct site, procedure, and patient surgery. Others include reducing the risk of healthcare-related infections and patient harm that results from falling (Ransom 9). Standards for the Points Included in Evaluation of a Quality Program Each of the aforementioned points comes with standards that are considered during the evaluation of the quality healthcare programs. This section identifies the details on the standards. Under the four points in the quality and safety improvements, there is a totality of twelve standards. The wellbeing of the patient requires the individual to possess an apt knowledge about the execution of the healthcare plan. The quality Standard QPS.1 offers support and coordinates the departmental leaders with a view of setting up the hospital priorities for improvement as well as implementing the programs for training the staff in the roles involved in quality management. Regular communication is also paramount to the success of the quality program (Avery et al. 79). The Standard QPS.2 section requires the quality program to support the selection of the measures throughout the hospital besides coordinating and integrating measurement into the systems of the facility. The quality and safety program should also integrate event-reporting systems into the safety culture to facilitate the coordination of the improvements and solutions. Lastly, the program tracks the progression of the planned collection of data regarding the hospital priorities (Ransom 12) Standard QPS.3 requires the quality and patient safety program to use the most relevant and current scientific information to support professional care, clinical education, research, and management. Standard QPS.4 is a section of the data analysis and validation process. It includes the aggregation and examination of data with a view of supporting patient care, hospital management, and quality control using external databases. The quality Standard QPS.5 involves the data analysis process that includes the annual determination of hospital-wide priority improvements with a focus on costs and efficiency (Ransom 13). This part requires the quality and safety program staff to work together with other units including the HR, IT, and finance to decide the type of relevant data to be gathered. An analysis report is then provided for the leaders to determine the quality improvement levels attained. The quality Standard QPS.6 involves the authentication of internal information. The program must validate the data internally before availing the results to the public. Specific conditions such as the implementation of the clinical measure, change
Introduction Using animals for testing, research, and developing new products has brought about tremendous scientific and medical advancements. Animal research continues to help man in his understanding of the nature of diseases thereby aiding in the developing of new vaccines and cures. People living in the world today enjoy better quality life thanks to the medical breakthroughs facilitated by animal research. Using animals in research and development of products has however, generated heated debate. Those who oppose the use of animals in research are many; they include groups of animal rights activists and anti-vivisectionists. These groups strongly believe that using animals to carry out experiments is not necessary at all; it is simply subjecting animals to cruelty. They therefore call for the abolition of such practices. However, if such a move succeeds, then it will be a big blow to scientific researches. Scientists, on the other hand, agree that animals should not be subjected to unnecessary harm, but say that it is usually unavoidable. They therefore are of the opinion that animal research should only be used with strict ethical principles. That is why; in this paper we will explore the ethical dilemmas that businesses that use animals in testing, research and development of products encounter. Animal Testing Animal testing is a practice that has generated debate with some people supporting it and others opposing it. It is usually complex and time consuming to develop medical products. There are some diseases whose drugs involve difficulty researches to get such as in the case of HIV/AIDS. Ideal, when carrying out these tests, scientists are supposed to test many compounds on humans to ascertain if the compounds can cure treat or vaccinate. But, practically, this will need a lot of time, and it is also very dangerous because it involves too much guess work and therefore can cause harmful side effects or even death. This is why many researchers opt to use animals in place of humans when carrying out these tests. The drugs can then only be used on humans once they are proved to be safe (Animal, 2011). This does not mean that animal testing has no difficulties. There are many difficulties that come in form of ethical consequences when animals are used to carry out product testing. This has seen many people rise up in opposition of any experiment carried out on animals that has the potential of causing them harm. This posses the question, is it obligatory to use animals in the development of medical products? As already hinted, animals tests are used to ascertain that drugs and other medical products are safe. Tests on animals are also used to establish the effectiveness of pharmaceutical products in humans. Animal testing is also done to understand t
Introduction The problem of high turnover of nurses in the general surgical floor of hospitals has remained a thorn in the flesh of many hospital management teams and the entire medical practice (Al-Aameri, 2000). This is because all the deliberate efforts to reduce the turnover has always born no fruits and proved to be futile. The rate of turnover has continued to increase in an alarming rate and as such the nursing profession has been termed as a disguised profession. The turnover rate has led to numerous problems in the hospital and this has caused the service delivery quality to deteriorate over time. Lack of adequate nurses has caused such problems as stress on the available few nurses (Jones & Gates, 2007). This has significantly reduced the quality of service delivery by these nurses. Patients have experienced dissonance as a result of this poor quality and the whole profession has plunged in chaos (Kristin, 2010). Freund (2005) found out that the nurses’ turnover rate happens in periods. The newly hired nurses soon leave their profession after realized that the stress levels at the workplace are unmanageable. This has caused the problem of general surgical floor nurses turnover to be perennial. As such both proactive and reactive measures ought to be taken to ensure that a durable and sustainable solution to this problem is reached (Elloy, 2005). Previous efforts to solve this problem have proved unsuccessful as the turnover rate has continued despite the efforts by the hospital management. The measures taken should not only be aimed at reducing the turnover but also coming up with means and ways of ensuring that there is retention of the existing workers (Jones & Gates, 2007). This will ensure proper staffing and reduce the turnover costs that hospitals have experienced for a long time. A careful study of the causes of this problem can go a long way in ensuring that the root cause of this problem is identified. The results that can be achieved can be far and wide in solving the problem that has for a long time lacked a practical solution. Abstract A study carried out on 800 nurses on their work places welfare indicated that the major area in the profession where the nurses experience dissatisfaction is their working conditions; 80% (American Psychological Association, 2010). Although most nurses confess loving their profession, majority of them indicate that they would easily change their jobs whenever an opportunity arises. The main cause of dissatisfaction among many nurses is their working conditions (Fletcher, 2001). Some nurses claim to have irregular working patterns and this destabilizes their personal programs and other schedules. Lack of a clear working time table for nurses in many hospitals has often caused nurses to work for over 10 hours a day. This has often caused fatigue and a gradual fade in the productivity. In a short time, the nurses experience situations of work dissatisfaction an
The case is connected to the California’s Uniform Trade Secrets Act (Civ.Code, § 3426 et seq.). The core question concerns the limitations of a stolen trade secret transmitted to the third party. In particular, Silvaco Data Systems (Silvaco) developing and licensing electronic design automation (EDA) software acts as a plaintiff. SmartSpice software was among their products, the code source of which was declared as a trade secret. Likewise in other software, the source code was incorporated in the SmartSpice. In 1998, a former Silvaco employee integrated the SmartSpice trade secrets into DynaSpice product belonging to Circuit Systems, Inc. (CSI). After that, Silvaco sued both CSI and the employee, however, there was no direct notification, yet the EDA trade publications appeared on various websites. In 2003, the Supreme Court obliged CSI to cease DynaSpice licensing and inform the customers that their licenses should be terminated. In this connection, a defendant Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Cypress), one of the CSI clients, rejected to cease the use of Silvaco’s trade secrets obtaining new license keys. Cypress argued that Silvaco had to inform CSI customers about the misappropriation as soon as they suspected it. In reply, Silvaco claimed that “statute of limitations does not begin to run until all the elements of the cause of action are present and that one of the elements of misappropriation is the defendant’s knowledge of the wrongfulness of its conduct” (Cypress Semiconductor Corporation v. Superior Court). As a result, the Supreme Court concluded the rightness of Silvaco as the misappropriation did not accrue until 2003, and the lawsuit was initiated within the three-year period of limitations. Works Cited “ Brown v. Board at Fifty: “With an Even Hand”Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. ” Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas . n.d. Web. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation v. Superior Court, No. H032114 (2008). Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. ___ (2015). Scott, Imani Michelle. Crimes against Humanity in the Land of the Free: Can a Truth and Reconciliation Process Heal Racial Conflict in America? Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2014. Print.
Skills which future leaders require Future leaders of the organization will need to possess strategic management skills as this will be critical in top leadership situations. Instances of expansions through mergers or acquisition are becoming quite rampant. Alternatively, new opportunities to either change product design or introduce new ones are always lurking (Biggs 106). Therefore, one must know how to handle such scenarios through sound strategic decisions. A leader should also be familiar with financial skills as management of stock prices is critical in maintaining peak performance. Large organizations like Mattel reported dismal performance under a new leader because it lacked skills on how to handle Wall Street (Conger & Fulmer 81). To attain the mission and vision of the company, future leaders will require knowledge in marketing and public relations. The firm’s survival is dependent on how much revenue it can generate, and management of the company image is imperative in this arena. For instance, a product scare may arise in a different part of the world (Charan 77). The leader needs to coordinate public relations efforts that would restore the company’s reputation. Failure to do so could lead to the loss of loyal consumers. One must have operational skills that allow the person to manage product –related issues. Leaders who only have strategic and theoretical knowledge may make unwise decisions, which are unrelated to the goings-on on the ground. Having people skills is also critical for the future survival of the organization. Leaders need to know how to build consensus so as to cause the organization to move forward. People skills also entail knowing how to resolve conflicts, delegate duties as well as communicate effectively with individuals. Some of these skills can be taught formally through training classes. However, most of them require exposure to situations that involve them (Rothwell 32). This is the point where leadership development becomes relevant. For leaders to achieve the vision and mission of the company, they need to undergo job rotations at junior level and then continue to do so at mid and higher levels so as to become competent. How high potential leaders ought to be identified High potential leaders should be analyzed through a talent assessment system. This approach ought to involve the employee, his or her former and current supervisors, human resource management, as well as other senior level organizational leaders (Holincheck 18). All employees need to know that they are under continuous assessment. The company needs to meet with these employees at least once a month to know the extent of their progress (Karaevli and Hall 77). Senior managers and the human resource team should meet with current and former supervisors of the employee so as to discuss their opportunities for growth. For instance, they may decide that the assistant store manager for a certain bran