ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A recession can be defined as a continued decline in the Gross domestic product (GDP) as well as the employment rate of a particular state thus resulting in a poor and declining economy (Peck, 2011). The GDP is relatively a good measure of a country’s level of production. Recently, there has been an increased rate of recession in the U.S. thus compelling the federal government to cut its budget so as to realize a higher economic growth rate. Due to the recession, the government has been under intense pressure to cut its spending on Texas. This move will have a great impact on the various economical sectors within Texas and thus the need to identify potential areas where the budget can be cut without adversely affecting the economic state of Texas. Government expenditure Areas of high government expenditure in Texas include: education, public safety, transportation and social services. According to Heinrichs, education for instance is a sector that has suffered greatly in budget allocation (Heinrichs, 2012). The future of Texas and any other state lies on the scholars and thus the need to increase spending on this sector of the economy. Currently, government spending on education per pupil in Texas ranks among the lowest in the country which poses a great risk on the future of Texas. The National Education System reported that the average spending of Texas is 8,908 dollars per pupil which is below the average national spending per pupil of 11, 463 dollars. As such, cutting the government spending on education in Texas will have far reaching impacts on the future of the education sector as well as the quality of education delivered to the pupils. Additionally, technological developments might end up being affected in the long run due to inadequate knowledge within the future generation. Peck notes that the transport sector in Texas has been experiencing a massive growth rate and expansion programs which have seen planning and construction of highways become the center of attention on government’s spending (Peck, 2011). Texas spen
Alexandra Levit, the author of the book in question, has started to work practically as soon as she graduated. The corporate of which she speaks in her book had zoomed on her all at once and the stress she had experienced took the form of the thoughts expressed in “They Don’t Teach Corporate in College.” This book provides the author’s personal experience before and after she found the ways to go and people to learn from. Also, the book is consistent with the author’s advice to twenty-somethings who, like herself in her time, are in need of a job. The book teaches post-grads not only to seek and find, but also to make and get good first impression, struggle with all things negative, know the ropes in the world of corporate, and learn to promote themselves. So far, the book has raised much talk and is actually used to-date as a handbook in colleges and business establishments in the US. The book was edited and republished, and this newest edition encompasses the demands and needs of the new generation in their twenties. The author realizes that new twenty-somethings have their own, profound challenges to face. She also assumes that, if they have picked the book in the first place, they must feel there is something lacking among their skills in goal-hitting and decision-making. Which is why the new book includes useful advice for digital world inhabitants: how to be more productive and efficient in networking, and more. The book consists of 10 chapters that overview all aspects that might be of interest to a post-grad in search of a job. The author advises former students how to apply, stay, and change jobs. The chapters each have their strong points which I am going to enlist here. Chapter 1 explains why a post-grad does not necessarily have to apply to all jobs that there are. The author advices that the post-grads stay focused and picky at times. The second chapter gives valuable advice on learning as much as possible in the shortest time, as soon as the former student is hired. The new employee should learn not only about the rules and details of their job but also establish communication with colleagues and gain deep insight into the people and the culture. Chapter 3 further expands the logics and the way a young employee should use when communicating. What is still more important, especially for a person in their early twenties, is to single out a more experienced worker and use their experience as a sort of mentorship (Levit ch. 1-4). Chapter 4 is primarily focused on the twenty-something’s first job and how they can try and make the b
Summary In the article “For Locusts, Overgrazed Land Is a Treat” Main explores the threat posed by locust to farmers. The article points out that in the year between 2003 and 2005, swarms of locust destroyed crops in West Africa thus causing a harvest loss estimated at $ 2.5 billion. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, about $400 million was used to bring the locust menace under control. Usually, it takes time for a community to recover from a locust invasion even after the attack has been contained and without warning, the locust may invade again eating every plant they get (Main, 2012). Main tells a story of Arianne Cease, a Peace Corps volunteer who witness a terrible locust invasion while working in Senegal. Cease was so frustrated to witness the subsistence farmers setback caused by the locust that she decided to change careers. At Arizona State University, she enrolled for a doctoral program in order to study and understand locusts better. Cease’s objective according to Main was to have a deeper understanding about the diet and ecology of Chinese grasshoppers, scientifically known as Oedaleus asiaticus (Main, 2012). Ms. Cease went about studying this grasshopper species nutritional requirement by keeping them in two separate outdoor sections. One section or plot was well fertilized while the other was grazed heavily by sheep. The former plot which was heavily fertilized contained plants that were rich in nitrogen which is a nutrient element required for protein synthesis while the latter plot contained vegetations that were nitrogen deficient (Main, 2012). In her study, Cease found that grasshoppers fed on nitrogen deficient vegetation thrived well by having high survival frequency rate and growing faster than those fed on nitrogen rich vegetations. These findings were contrary to Cease’s and other researcher’s expectations. These findings linked land overgrazing to the emergence of grasshopper swarms. This study therefore revealed that this grasshopper species prefer nitrogen or protein deficient vegetations as compared to other species. These findings challenged the popular argument that grasshoppers are limited by nitrogen or protein levels in plants. To confirm these findings, Cease performed lab experiments (Main, 2012). Main asserts that reducing nitrogen content of the grass through grazing provides insects with a better niche to increase and
Issue Background and History The first evidence expansion of the Philadelphia Art Museum occurred in 1893, when Anna Wilstach bequeathed the large collection of paintings that included the works of American artists. Due to such growth, the museum managers had to consider the extra space because more and more visitors wished to see the collection. As a result, the City Council forwarded available funds to designing a new building. In 1970, The Department of Urban Outreach found the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The Department sought to acknowledge particular community needs and developed a number of activities that served those demands. The Museum’s outreach efforts date back to the 1930s, the period when several satellite museums were established. During this time, the museum also inherited the Fleisher Art Memorial, an art school that served over thousand people a week from all over the region. The school had its own private staff supervised by the museum’s department of education 1 . In 1968, the Thomas Eakins House was purchased and given to the City of Philadelphia for holding programs introduced by the museum. The House was worth both the workshop and home for Philadelphia artists and, therefore, the museum aimed to restore the building to return its state during artists’ lifetime. The renewed house was regarded as a cultural center that could meet the resources and needs of the neighborhood. Genesis of Issue The solution of the Department of the Urban Outreach encouraged the museum to define the approaches to serve diverse needs of community. Due to the fact that most of the cities belong to a public domain whereas the rest refers to the private one, the exhibitions were premised on urban setting. Despite the consistent plan of public involvement, the Philadelphia Museum of Art still has some architect and place-related challenges for meeting its visitors’ needs. In particular, because the museum is a frequently visited public place, it is highly important to ensure that the building design has enough space for sitting, as well as for gathering points. Visually accessible spaces and good entrances are also vital to increase the community’s satisfaction with the exhibits. Dead zones and blank walls are inacceptable for the museum, and this issue should be examines as well. Location of transit stops should be convenient for visitors during rush hours. Past Research/Case Studies on Issue In order to understand the main scope of the issue, it is necessary to consider other projects related the City Beautiful movement. Its ideology “…emphasized the value of highly structured, formal, historicist aesthetics…[and] saw this type of urban beauty as a way to morally uplift society” 2 . Focus on social problems is strongly associated with the environmental challenges, as well as how they can be resolved with regard to
Introduction The article “Autism Occurrence by MMR Vaccine Status Among US Children with Older Siblings With and Without Autism” by Jain, Marshall, Buikema, Bancroft, Kelly, and Newschaffer (2015) will be critically analyzed in this report. The research problem of the study, clearly stated by the authors, is to examine the widespread belief that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is linked to instances of children having autism spectrum disorders (ASD), causing lower vaccination levels, particularly if a sibling already has ASD. The issue is significant to nursing since disinformation about vaccines is causing a persistent drop in immunization rates of children during the recommended time frame. Furthermore, this unproven link with ASD is leading more parents whose older children already have the condition to be wary of immunizing their younger kids. As a result, this creates a nursing issue of patients being misinformed and a population health concern of lowered herd immunity for these serious diseases. Therefore, this study is justified as the authors note that MMR vaccination has declined by 20% in families where an older child has ASD and younger siblings are unlikely to have the full MMR immunization. There are no objectives stated, but the study set an objective to determine ASD occurrence based on the M
Introduction Universal Studio Singapore is a theme park that is situated within Resort World Sentosa. The theme park was launched on 18 March 2010. After starting it was successful in attracting over 2 million visitors in a time span of 9 months. This is as a result of its highly competent workforce. The vision of Universal Studio Singapore is to be the best theme park in Southeast Asia. Its mission is; to offer exceptional products, services and facilities to our highly esteemed customers, with assistance of our highly qualified staffs. Its objectives are;  1. To have royal, satisfied and highly motivated employees.  2. To use its highly competent workforce to enhance its sales. Universal Studio Singapore aspires to realize its vision and objective through establishing internal value creation that entails establishing positive internal relationships and systems that are very essential in a business entity. Some examples of eternal value creations include efficient ordering activities, innovations, efficient customer support as well as lead processing. Value is known to be generated through exchange and associations between roles. Internal value creation is imperative in ensuring the success of any company (Hull 1945; Marx 1959). The management of the theme park should use the Service profit chain model to enhance its services. The model shows how significant employees are in ensuring success of business entities. The theory illustrates how profitability can be enhanced through customer royalty as a result of employees’ satisfaction (Boron, Harris &Hilton 2009). The model associates customer satisfaction with the value of the services they receive. Value is ensured by royal, satisfied as well as productive employees. Universal Studio Singapore should make sure that its employees are highly motivated in order to continue offering their usual excellent services. One sure method of motivating employees is supporting them to advance their studies (Bowen & Lawler n.d; Marshal 1961). This is possible with Universal Studio Singapore as it believes that happy employees play a significant role in customer satisfaction, as happy employees attract repeated business as well as encourage referrals. In order to ensure a satisfied workforce, the management at Universal Studio Singapore should give its employees the opportunities to try new methods in order to discover new methods as well as procedures meant to enhance efficiency in the organization. This is a sure way of encouraging innovations and efficiency within the organization (Davis 1985). The management should in addition, allow the employees to set their goals and also assess them. This will help to create a positive relationship between the management and other employees that will lead to a highly motivated, royal, and satisfied workforce. The Drive Theory is another approach that the management at Universal Studio Singapore should consider adopting. This theory is very effective in directing desired behaviors. The theory identifies two kinds of drives; primary drives that are mandatory for survival
Nowadays, the issue of saving our beautiful home, planet Earth, is more than burning. Each inhabitant of the planet must engage in this critically important process of doing one’s best. I considered this fact while choosing my extra credit activity. For extra credit activity, I engaged in purchasing trees online. In the following paper, I will share my experience, and will also explain in detail why this task appeared to be so meaningful for me. Overall, meditating on the situation I came to a conclusion that buying trees would become my contribution to improving the environment and helping to overcome some of the difficulties connected with the problem of global warming. First of all, speaking about my extra credit class, it is important to specify some details of it. With regards to financial details, the price was $1 per tree, and I bought more than fifteen trees. I found this task very inspiring as I was meditating on its importance for our planet. Below, I am going to provide more details concerning this. Speaking about the most significant point for me in purchasing trees online, I would mention the important role that trees have in environmental protection. Regarding the problem of global warming, the theme of environmental protection appears to be very significant during the last few decades. People from more and more lands continue experiencing extreme climate problems caused by global warming. In this vein, it becomes significant that a decade ago common people but scientists and researchers did not think that global warming would have such terrible consequences; but today, when winter becomes too warm with an abundance of unseen natural phenomena such as extreme raining and terrible winds, and summer becomes too cold in a number of lands, people began to really think about the necessity of urgent measures directed into overcoming the effects of global warming. I am among such people as well. Before, when I heard about the global warming problem, I thought that it was not so bad because I enjoyed warm weather. However, nowadays I realize that it was a mistake as the weather simply changed, it not only got hotter. Today, the weather may be very different, and what is more frightening it becomes extreme. However, the weather is not the only problem caused by global warming. Global warming has many harmful effects on both man and the environment. It leads to increased evaporation causing the increase of annual rainfall especially in the areas that experience regular rainfall. High evaporation rates mea
The article is titled “Focusing on the How of Violence,” and it is authored by Kirk Hamilton. According to the author, the manifestation of violence in video games differs from one game to another. Therefore, the author strives to find out “how video games are violent than why they are” (Hamilton, 2014). In the article, the author draws on his experience as an avid video game player to investigate the element of violence in the games. The main argument in the article is that some games have a generalization of violence while others feature a form of personalized killings. Throughout the article, the author uses his own experiences to prove his argument without the help of outside research, statistics, or opinions. The use of evidence to support assertions in this article does not feature the common scholarly article trends. One way in which the author uses evidence to support his claims is through the use of his own experiences. The author’s main hypothesis is based on the experiences he has had playing ‘violent’ video games. For example, the author notes that he has become “desensitized to video game violence” (Hamilton, 2014). This personal observation leads the author to investigate the varying element of violence within the video games he played in 2013. To present evidence, the author also uses the graphic details from the video games he has sampled in this article. Among the sampled video games includes the most popular ones in 2013, such as “The Last of Us” and “BioShock Infinite.” Consequently, the author uses the details of some of these games as evidence for the article’s thesis. One notable example of specific video-game evidence includes the assertion that the violence in the “Last of Us” is “grisly and direct, and it also served a purpose” (Hamilton, 2014). The author also uses comparisons between two supposedly violent video games to support his argument. Most of this comparison revolves around the premise that not all violence is inviting to video game players. The comparison is hinged on two major games; “The Last of Us” and “BioShock Infinite.” Nevertheless, the comparison between video games does not amount to scientific evidence because it lacks various corroborative elements. For instance, all the assertions are presented as opinions of the author and not as independent pieces of information. The author also calls upon additional research into the subject matter as a signal that this article is not conclusive. The choice of words in the article indicates that the article is meant for a limited audience that mainly comprises avid gamers. Some of the details provided in the article can o
Rigor is critical for any research as it determines the trustworthiness of the collected data, appropriateness of the analysis strategies, and the results’ value. The criteria can be viewed through a study’s rationale, sampling, design, testing, discussion, and limitations (Gray et al., 2021). Furthermore, the information gathered and analyzed for unlike types of research addresses different components of rigor. For qualitative research, data credibility, transferability, and dependability are critical, while for quantitative analysis, accuracy and confirmability are essential (Gray et al., 2021). This paper aims to explore which type of research is inherently more rigorous and, based on the qualitative research example, discuss how information collection and analysis promote rigor. Quantitative and qualitative research have various distinguishes, and they influence the way scientists and scholars perceive rigor. The first type of studying involves numerical data, resulting in statistics or observations based on the calculated formulas (Gray et al., 2021). The second, in the opposite, explores textual records, such as interviews of participants, to retrieve patterns or dependencies (Smith & Firth,2011). People tend to perceive statistical data as more credible, therefore quantitative research can be inherently more rigorous (Gray et al., 2021). Moreover, testing strategies are more accurate for the numeric results; consequently, they are less complicated to confirm. Another reason why quantitative research might be considered more rigorous is that it commonly includes a more extensive sampling, making the results trustworthy (Gray et al., 2021). Qualitative research is different by design, and, with fewer participants, it provides a broader scope of information. Its rigor can be questioned due to the biases of sampling groups or the absence of strict data analysis strategies (Smith & Firth,2011). Nevertheless, qualitative research is necessary to notice the tendencies in society, adjust healthcare practices, and retrieve evidence-based recommendations based on real experiences. The recent COVID-19 pandemic became a foundation for numerous qualitative research discussing how healthcare providers dealt with continuous emergencies. For instance, Galehdar et al. conducted “Exploring nurses’ perception of taking