ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction One of the reasons why the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker and the novel Orlando by Virginia Wolf are being commonly referred to, as such that represent a high literary value, is that the themes and motifs, contained in both works of literature, are discursively sound. That is, they reflect the main subtleties of what used to the predominant gender-related discourse at the time when Stoker and Wolf were in the process of working on their masterpieces. In its turn, this explains why, whereas, Stoker’s Dracula provides readers with the clearly defined male-chauvinistic outlook on what accounts for the essence of the relationship between the representatives of opposite sexes, Wolf’s conceptualization of the concerned relationship promotes the author’s feminist agenda. In this paper, I will explore the validity of the above-stated at length. Discussion When we talk about the qualitative aspects of the Victorian era in Britain (the time when Stoker came up with his novel), the first thing that comes in mind, in this respect, is the fact that European intellectuals of the time were strongly influenced by the Darwinian Theory of Evolution, which at the end of the 19 th century, drastically altered the people’s understanding of the surrounding social reality. Whereas, before the time when Charles Darwin published his Origins of Species , the socially constructed assumption of women’s inferiority was ‘fueled’ by religion, ever since the end of the 19 th century, this assumption started to become increasingly ‘scientific,’ in the positivist sense of this word. That is, the fact that throughout history, women continued to suffer from having been socially unprivileged, was being increasingly referred to as yet additional proof of the ‘survival of the fittest’ theory’s validity. After all, as compared to men, women are physically weaker. However, this particular observation was the least concerned with the emergence of the 19 th century’s ‘scientific’ male-chauvinism, as we know it. In essence, the doctrine was based upon the assumption that the very physiological constituents of women make them both: intellectually inferior to men and yet capable of ‘corrupting’ (by the mean of sex) the latter to such an extent they end up willing to adopt the posture of submissiveness, in regards to women (Senf 34). As one of the most prominent sexologists of the era, Otto Weininger noted: “The condition of sexual excitement is the supreme moment of a woman’s life… The woman is devoted wholly to sexual matters… The female principle is nothing more than sexuality; the male principle is sexual and something more” (70). According to him, the reason for this is that the female genitals are ‘internal,’ which in turn causes women to experience a
Reality TV evolved as a revolutionary standard that gave the world an immeasurable economy of broadcasting costs. According to Magder (2009), reality TV is extremely profitable for four primary reasons. First, there appeared a huge interest in prepackaged TV formats. Second, the period is marked by a process of brand integration, which stipulated a centralization of the broadcasting enterprises’ work. Third, the TV programs started being highly usable in multiple multimedia projects. Finally, the party of European broadcasting programs has recently expanded in America. The success of reality TV is linked to the format changes. Thus, through a tight cooperation with Europe, the Endemol model of TV entered the U.S. and founded a tradition of high-quality TV broadcast. The tendency of reality TV becoming prevalent in America may be stipulated by three factors. The innovation allowed Americans to stay connected to TV through such Big Brother models as Endemol. Besides, the new format lowered the prices for TV tools usage. Conclusively, the use of programming data became personalized for the reality TV customers. Reference Magder, T. (2009). Reality TV. In S. Murray, & O. Ouelette (Eds.). Television 2.0: The business of American television in transition (pp. 140-165). New York: New York Press.
Modern medicine has advanced significantly in the methods of artificial conception, and today, almost any couple can give birth to a child if an appropriate method is applied. From a wide variety of practices, medical specialists, as a rule, choose the one that best suits the physiological characteristics of a particular pair or one of the partners. For instance, according to Steinberg, “the most common treatment for male infertility is artificial insemination,” and for women, specific fertility drugs are prescribed to stimulate ovulation (66). Also, there are alternative methods, for example, surrogate motherhood that is a common practice among those couples who are not able to have children and are forced to resort to the help of third parties. One of the most advanced techniques is in vitro fertilization that implies conception separately from the uterus. All these approaches help many couples to overcome their difficulties and become parents. Although all the aforementioned practices of artificial insemination can solve a number of difficulties, they may entail some ethical nuances. In particular, one of the essential issues is the need to tell a child about the method of his or her conception. Certainly, the advantage of such a decision is parents’ sincerity and trust towards the son or daughter. Nevertheless, the consequences of the revealed truth may be severe. For example, a child who has learned that he or she was bred by another woman or was conceived outside a mother may feel inferior, which, in turn, is fraught with psychological trauma. The desire to separate oneself from parents and reject the human origin is one of the probable consequences of such knowledge. In order to avoid this threat, it is crucial to take into account the peculiarities of each individual child in order not to injure his or her psyche and live happily, despite the method of fertilization. Work Cited Steinberg, Laurence, et al. Development: Infancy Through Adolescence . Cengage Learning, 2010.
Broken windows theory is an academic thought advanced by James Wilson and George Kelling. The concept uses broken windows as an analogy for instability inside neighborhoods. Their idea connects community disorder and discourtesy to successive incidents of serious crime. Their hypothesis further says that the existence of the disorder produces anxiety in the minds of people who are persuaded that the region is insecure. This retreat from society lowers social restraints that initially held criminals in line − the disorder results in crime, which leads to additional chaos. Researchers broadly identify two basic categories of abnormality. First is physical disorder, resulting in abandoned houses, broken windows, damaged cars, and trash-strewn vacant lots. The second category is social disorder, defined by hostile homeless folks, rowdy neighbors, and groups of youngsters crowding on the street. Broken windows theory is regarded by many as a way to change rapidly and with low investment by only changing the police crime-control tactics. It is easier to tackle disorder than to confront severe social problems such as poverty and limited education. The broken window theory exhibits itself in our neighborhood in that our community is categorized into groups: the upper class, middle class, and lower class. I reside from a lower class family which is by far the most crime-infested region. In regards to the theory, my society has many idling crowds along the streets, derelict buildings ideal for harboring drug addicts and burglars. Arguably, the lack of social cohesion in my neighborhood has significantly led to increased disorder. The disorder has bred rampant crime in my community as compared to the middle and upper class, characterized by individuals of at least desirable social demeanor.
Introduction Advertising is a well-designed means of non-personal communication that contains crucial information that is highly persuasive in nature, about companies, goods, services and ideas that is paid for by identified sponsors via diverse forms media such as TV, Newspapers and internet. Advertising is a critical part of the society and therefore it is important that when advertises design and come up with advertisements companies should aim to design advertisements that are culturally acceptable and within the ethical and moral guidelines ( Koslow & Costley 2010,166). There are a numerous aims of advertising but the main aim is to increase revenue streams, the ultimate aim of any organization is to maximize its profitability hence this can only be realized when the advertising increases its sales if it is a commercial organization. Additionally, advertising also develops visibility of the product and services among the existing consumers and potential consumers, through increasing the awareness of the customers thereby making it easily possible for consumers to adopt the usage of the product being advertised. Advertising is also paramount to developing the image and reputation of an organization and thus knowing this, copywriters and all those who developing advertisements always aim to arouse positive emotions of their target market ( Dahl, 2004, 12-20). During the advertisements companies can manipulate messages in such a way that is most suitable for their target audience. The platinum communications case is a clear instance for which advertisers can be critically analyzed and conclusions drawn to determine whether there was a breach of ethical or moral standards in their part. Advertisements usually aim to educate, inform, remind and persuade consumers or an audience to do something and thus if advertisers are not careful in designing and customizing their messages then companies which are directly linked to the advertisements may have their reputations damaged and this could prove injurious to their commercial goals (Reese 2000, 36). Advertising regulatory bodies are institutions which are formed by concerned parties in various advertising industries so that advertisement activities can be easily monitored. Additionally, regulatory bodies often are involved in creating a legal and ethical framework upon which participants of the advertising industry can operate within. An advertisement is hence likely to meet its objectives only if it is within the culturally set bounds of the target audience. If an advertisement appears to be somewhat disrespectful to the culture of a particular target market then the outcome of this set of consumers will most likely be hostile (Wang 2005, 66-69). Platinum communications case situation Platinum com
Introduction “The Russian Revolution is the mightiest event of the world.” (Luxemburg 25) It marked the rise of the nation against the Bolshevik’s quest for power. The seizure of Winter Palace by the Bolsheviks gave birth to the communist movement in 1917, when and died in 1989, with the fall of the Berlin Wall and in 1991, when the Soviet Union was abolished. The revolution which overthrew all class relations and bourgeoise oppression brought a group of leaders who were again called authoritarian dictators by social scientists (McFarland, Ageyev and Abalakina-Paap). Literature on communist Russia believes that the communism that was upheld by the new state was framed by Stalin and was not the original idea of Marx. Stalin is believed to have transformed the ideas as presented by Karl Marx and/or Vladimir Lenin and substantially Russified their ideologies into the dictator’s dogmatic pronouncements. Stalin’s ideologies were deeply engrained in authoritarianism, bureaucratic statehood, and patriotism. Though there exist two schools of thought regarding this: the first school believes that the dictator did indeed impose a drastic shake-up of ideologies presented by Marx in order to legitimize his dictatorship, and the second school believes that Stalin was basically reiterating established Marxists ideas (Ree). What I discuss hereafter is
An organization is a group of people who come together and work in a coordinated manner to realize specific objectives. Organizations may be profit based, nonprofit based or human service delivery based. In realizing their objectives, organizations make use of various resources which may include human, financial and physical resources which comprise things like offices, furniture, office equipment and accessories as well as other forms of resources which may be appropriate (Johnson 243-425). Organizational design is the manner in which an organization is structured and entails the relationship between employees in the various positions in the organizational structure. More specifically, it entails the nature of chain of command and how important decisions and policies concerning the organizations are made. Each organization exists in different socio economic, political and natural environments. Organizations also vary in terms of their mission, vision, objectives, resource base and their philosophy. Due to this, they have varied organizational designs, depending on the environments in which they operate as well as on their objectives and scope (Johnson 243-425). The most common organizational designs are the structured-mechanistic and organic-humanistic designs. As I have already mentioned, each design is suited for certain organizations. The organic-humanistic model of organizational design is mainly characterized by flexibility and a liberalized and decentralized approach to decision making as contrasted to the structured- mechanistic model, which is mainly characterized by rigidity and centralized approach to decision making. The two models compare in that they both have chains of command, in which decisions are made regarding the organizations. They also compare in that the crucial decisions regarding the organizations, for example policies and strategies for moving the organizations forward especially during times of crisis are made exclusively by the top management without involving the employees. Take for instance a decision on laying-off some of the employees. There is no organization, regardless of its design, which seeks the opinions of the employees regarding the same, but rather, such a decision is just made unilaterally by the top management (Johnson 243-425). The main d
Health care information systems provide significant benefits in managing a healthcare facility and, as a result, serve the well-being of patients. Getting a system is a long-term process that requires attention to many details and aspects. After choosing a suitable vendor, it is necessary to negotiate a contract and discuss cooperation. As the last stage of the system acquisition, negotiations require the efforts of an interdisciplinary team, discussion of many details and goals, and caution to avoid mistakes. Contract negotiations primarily include contracting parties – the medical facility and the vendor. At the same time, Stoltenberg (2017) claims that a committee of stakeholders – specialists from different fields, who selected the system is also necessary for negotiations. In particular, this group should include the financial and IT professionals, representatives of medical personnel, and the lead negotiator. It is also important to note that negotiations with the vendor are complex, and, in addition to the mentioned specialists, the assistance of lawyers is mandatory. As a result, taking into account the views of the users of the system and other stakeholders will be beneficial for the contract. The discussion and the final contract should contain several essential details, which should be as transparent as possible for the parties. In particular, negotiators should discuss the duties and responsibilities of the participants. Moreover, the issue of patient data confidentiality and ownership is critical (“What are imported items,” 2019). All rights on the data must belong to the medical institution even after the termination of the contract (“Negotiating the electronic,” n.d.). The conditions for implementing the system, training for its use, the type of license, and actions in the case of critical circumstances, for example, bankruptcy or takeover, are also subject to discussion (“Negotiating the electronic,” n.d.). Details in the contract are necessary as a guide to action under any possible circumstances and avoid misunderstandings. The details of the contract must be supplemented by specific terms, objectives, benchmarks, and metrics. For example, buyers should indicate their requirements and expectations for system performance and delivery date, and suppliers should confirm their ability to do so. Moreover, the contract should describe the equipment and other products necessary for the launch and operation of the information system. The agreement also includes the scope of settings that the organization can perform, the date of payment for the supplier’s services, and guarantees that it can provide (Wager et al., 2017). The inclusion of these elements will legally confirm the
Diversity and inclusion are arguably the foundations of any business organization. The success of any organization is dependent on the diverse background of its employees in terms of race, age, gender, religion and ethnicity. This paper will therefore discuss how Thompson Hine, a business law firm, and Procter and Gamble are embracing diversity in their business operations to achieve success in the United States. Thompson Hine law firm is considered among the most successful law firms in the United States with respect to services rendered to its clients. The firm boasts of a pool of over 350 lawyers stationed in Washington, D.C., Dayton, New York, Atlanta, Columbus, and Cincinnati (Thomson Hine, 2011, p.12). On the other hand, Procter and Gamble is a global company that produces leading household brands such as Aerial, Always, Duracell, among others. These brands generate sales in excess of a billion dollars every year (Procter &Gamble, 2009, p.8). It is quite evident that both firms value diversity as the driving force for success. For example, Thompson Hine relies on a pool of diverse lawyers from different background and race to drive its operations. Women and minorities form part of executive committee members, committee chairs and office partners-in-charge (Thomson Hine, 2011, p.3). The law firm’s policy on diversity is also manifested through the implementation of Diversity and Inclusion Initiative and its partnership with community organization that promote the same values. Some of the diversity programs that Thompson Hine plan and fund include: Organizing diversity leadership seminars in collaboration with Fifth Third Bank in Cincinnati; offering support to Stonewell Bar Association for Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) lawyers in Atlanta; providing financial and technical assistance to the ‘walk, rock and run’ program in recognition of diversity in Ohio; and collaborating with the Cleveland Commission on Economic Inclusion on diversity policies Thomson Hine, 2011, p.6). The firm also supports the retention and development of a diverse labor force for its business operations. Thompson Hine law firm has put in place several programs to achieve this goal: giving equal healthcare benefits to its workers, attorneys and their families; promoting actions that draw attention to the diverse culture manifested by the law firm; and creating a conducive and alternative work program. Moreover, the firm has put in place Spotlight on Women initiative to provide professional growth for its women lawyers. Junior minority lawyers can also benefit from the firm’s Minority Associate Advisor Program where they work with senior lawyers to gain more experience (Thomson Hine, 2011, p.8). Similar diversity programs are also implemented by Procter and Gamble. For example, the Human Resource at the firm has initiated diversity programs that aim to benefit all workers. These support initiatives include: assignment plans, promotion plans, and career discussions. The firm also has a mentoring program that offers guidance and informal support to all workers. Procter an
There are numerous types of immigration admissions and control policies that are used in the United States of America. However, there are those appropriate ones that the U.S. should adopt in order to achieve major objectives. Some of these policies are permanent, while others are just temporary. Notably, there should be a thorough review of the current policies and also a proposal of new ones in order to meet the general objectives as articulated by the U.S. admissions and immigration board. For instance, in order to provide the U.S. economy with the much needed immigrant labor; the country should adopt a permanent legal mode of residence for non-citizens. This means that the country has to establish laws that allow foreigners to reside in the country and supply it with permanent labor instead of relying on temporary labor plans to support the economy. In order to establish this type of immigration admissions and control policy, the government needs to decimate the stay of temporary residents. This can be achieved by establishing legal and permanent permits for foreign nationals through the use of visa (Tsuda 87). In any case, temporary laborers who do not have U.S. citizenship may hardly provide sustainable labor needs for the U.S. economy bearing in mind that the government has to balance labor supply on a regular basis. In line with this, in order to reduce illegal immigration to the U.S., the government should largely embrace the use of a visa waiver system of immigration admissions and control policies. Notably, this system wi
Disclosure of the patient safety incident can be justified from at least two perspectives. From the patient perspective, such a decision signifies respect to the child’s parents. The open and honest revelation would also mean that the healthcare organization does not try to withhold the incident but shares concerns with the community and initiates the decision-making process. From an ethical perspective, healthcare providers are obliged to keep transparency in care delivery (Harrison, Walton, Smith-Merry, Manias, & Iedema, 2019). Hiding the truth about the quality of care is thus unethical as all the patients have the right to know all aspects of services that are delivered by a healthcare organization. This decision is likely to influence value-based healthcare by attaching great importance to it. As a Chief Nursing Officer, I supported such type of care by honestly disclosing the incident to the media and stating that the examination of the medication administration procedures was ordered. Pinpointing the lessons learned and trying to improve patient satisfaction rates and care efficiencies, I abide by the principles of value-based healthcare. However, the decision to disclose the incident is linked with several risks. Firstly, by publicly admitting that the child’s death was a result of the medication administration error, I also state that the healthcare organization fails to provide high-quality care to the patients. This may entail legal action against the healthcare establishment and the reduction in the number of patients. This decision may have a deteriorating effect on me both personally and professionally. Personally, I may be heavily criticized for not firing the nurse who is guilty of the child’s death, which will result in experiencing substantial emotional distress. Professionally, my reputation may be undermined by the incident showing my inability to implement successful drug administration processes. It is worth mentioning that even though honest and open disclosure is an important part of patient-centered care, healthcare professionals are usually afraid of revealing the incidents to the media. The first reason for that is the fear of triggering a malpractice lawsuit, and the second reason is the discomfort of publicly acknowledging that an error occurred and taking responsibility for it. However, there is also the third reason, whic