ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This is a Report we want to provide our friends in the industry who require hybrid engines. As requested, we are providing you a description of how a hybrid engine for vehicles works that may be beneficial to your business and daily needs. New models of the hybrid engine are in the market as introduced by various car manufacturers. How hybrid works fascinates car makers and enthusiasts as well. Ford has fitted a hybrid engine in Escape and four more models will hit the market in the next few years. Likewise, General Motors (GM) and Daimler Chrysler are also working together to develop an even more efficient technology. They have one now to be introduced to the market. BMW is also in on this collaborative venture. Audi is working flat out on a hybrid engine for its new Q7 SUV, and even Porsche is considering the option of a hybrid solution for its Cayenne SUV. (Gottschalk and Kalmbach 125) Why hybrid? Before this hybrid engine is started, there was concept development and research into alternative technologies. There is a clear direction for the program and technology to build the hybrid engine. A hybrid engine works differently from an ordinary engine. The hybrid system is the car industry’s answer to the environmental problem – climate change and global warming due to excessive coal gas emissions and the use of fossil fuel of industries. Hybrid means a mix, amalgam, or crossbreed of two different things. Hybrid engines mate two different power technologies into an integrated powerplant. This means hybrids incorporate a high-efficiency gasoline engine and some type of electric drive to boost performance and reduce dependence on the gasoline engine. A sophisticated electronic controller is used to determine which of three options will power the vehicle:  1. the gasoline or diesel engine  2. the batteries  3. both the engine and batteries The electronic system or controller does the trick. A hybrid has an engine that runs on oil, and can also shift into the battery. There are numerous problems in building this hybrid car because usually, the problem lies in the battery. The battery driving the motor portion of the hybrid is a continual problem. A key requirement is to make the battery as small as possible so that the car would not be viewed as a “battery carrier,” yet still have the power needed to meet the target of doubling the fuel efficiency of the car. In short, the battery has to be made smaller, about one-tenth the size of an electric vehicle battery. The problem here is that the battery is very sensitive to heat conditions and would shut down on hot days. Likewise, it also shuts down if the weather is too cold. A key part of the solution is to put the battery in the trunk, which is the most protected from heat and the easiest to keep cool. This hybrid system can have a fuel economy consumption of 48 mpg to 55 mpg. Featured in our hybrid system is a small 1-liter gas engine supplemented by an 8-horsepower electric motor mounted between the engine and manual transmission. The vehicle starts on gas power, then adds the electric boost when needed. A so
Proper logistics is the guarantee of success for any company. Logistics deals with the planning and coordination of goods and their delivery from the manufactures to the customer. It encompasses the activities “involved in the forward and reverses flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption” (Ross 99). Therefore, logistics processes include everything connected with these activities, for instance, “request for customer services, material supply, product storage, product shipping, information tracking, and recycling for used product” (Cheung 4). Improving logistics processes is possible through delivering goods directly to the customers and reducing stock pipelines; benefits of these changes can be shown through Bokomo Foods Company example. The first way to improve logistics processes is to start dispatching the products directly to the customers. This can be done through online or telephone services. One of the greatest benefits of this change will be the improvement of the communication between customers and sellers. This will attract a bigger amount of consumers and will allow establishing a firm regular consumer base. In addition, it will help to save time and delivery costs because direct delivery does not demand extra expenses for paying the distributors or storing the products at the warehouses where the goods are exposed to the risk of being damaged. This will also significantly reduce customer lead-time, which will result in better performance of the company due to selling a greater amount of products. Another change that can be introduced in order to improve logistics processes is to reduce the stock pipeline. This method is especially beneficial for middle and large companies which often face the problem of the surplus of unwanted products. These products find no market and eventually become stale, which is loss-making for the company and often demands only extra costs for removing them from warehouses or recycling them. Certain products, especially food products, cannot be stored for a long time this is why they are even more loss-making (Bragg 77). Thus, if the stock pipeline is reduced, the products will be renewed regularly with the fresh (or more modern ones, depending on what the company manufacturers) being supplied more often. This is why reducing stock levels can be beneficial for some companies. If applied to the organization based in Africa, these changes can also be quite positive. Bokomo Foods is one of the organizations for which both the abovementioned changes of logistics processes will be beneficial. For instance, by starting to deliver the products directly to the customers (through developing a home-delivery service as an alternative) the company would be able to sell more products with some of its logistics processes
When it comes to medical care, it is necessary to give special consideration to the fact that proper coordination of care provided by different specialists can help to significantly increase the number of patients reporting improvement in their health and reduced the influence of unwanted symptoms on their daily activities (Tootelian, Mikhailitchenko, Holst, & Gaedeke, 2016). Even though this assumption seems to be applicable to different spheres related to public health services, there is an opinion that the potential for HMO success tends to be different for these spheres. Speaking about the situation with medicine and dentistry, I suppose that HMO system is much more likely to improve the situation in the field of medicine even though it could be important for patients with dental problems as well. To begin with, discussing the potential for HMO success in medicine and dentistry it is important to mention that this management system cannot provide the opportunity to reduce the costs of dental services. More than that, health care benefits in this sphere also remain unavailable for patients and it significantly reduces the potential of the system in connection with dentistry. Also, when it comes to dental care, it is important to realize that patients with dental problems are not supposed to receive care from a range of specialists, they just need to visit one dentist to receive consultation or treatment. In fact, the attempt to design the system and apply its principles to two spheres of healthcare that cannot be compared to each other seems to lead to the narrow-vision development, and this is why the results of HMO in medicine and dentistry are so different. Different managed care programs used in the United States are supposed to provide citizens with easier access to health care programs allowing them to receive services of high quality. If I were a patient suffering from dental problems, I would prefer to use the PPO plan due to the numerous advantages that it involves. To begin with, I would choose it because such type of coverage can be called relatively inexpensive but it cannot be said that the price has a negative influence on the quality of services provided. PPO remains the system that does not require a lot of money. For instance, if we speak about a range of obligatory payments (such as copayment made during the appointment), it is necessary to say that they are not used in the PPO plan and this fact can be regarded as an additional reason to tilt toward this type of coverage (Kosteas & Renna, 2014). Apart from that, choosing the most appropriate plan, it is extremely important to take into consideration not only your current financial posit
Current essay deals with issue of the serial position effect role in service provision in restaurant business (service sector). By outlining the main contours of this effect current essay discusses the mnemonic difficulties and problems which waiter in restaurants meet when they are prohibited by their management from taking notes while taking clients’ orders. The final purpose of this essay is to propose effective solutions for all waiters to increase their mnemonic abilities in terms of meeting new criteria in service sector. Serial position effect proceeds from a well-grounded experimental assumption that the position of an item in a list of items significantly affects the accuracy of retention. Middle items are more poorly recalled than first several and last items. Primacy effect states that initial items are better kept in the long-term memory since more processing activities are required (Healy, 2000). Thus, the first several and last items in a list are recalled the most successfully. Serial position effect described above has extensive implication of how waiters remember orders and recall them. If they are prohibited from taking notes but have rather to communicate visually with restaurant’s clients they have to improve their mnemonic abilities in order to meet management’s demands and their own professional responsibilities. There is no denying the importance of the fact that this mnemonic tasks becomes difficult in a waiter has to take order a table ordered by more than 5 people. Hence, waiters have to improve their mnemonic skills by using memory strategies. Using mnemonic techniques by waiters should be based on accurate knowledge of restaurant’s menu. Without this initial knowledge all mnemonic exercises and strategies would be useless since a waiter won’t orient himself in menu which though may include many items that can be ordered by visitors. Besides this it should be remembered that utilization of mnemonic techniques should be limited because it may harmful for a waiter apprehension of the orders if his mind is filled with mnemonic rules that are to be implemented. First of all, rhyming may prove to be very important. This helps waiter to associate some order with a concret
Introduction Freedom of expression is a fundamental right but also a conflicting right as people are free to express their discontent and create upheavals in the working of society. Therefore, censorship of some kind is a must to stabilize or control society through the government’s assistance. First, the widespread support for censorship rest on the important societal goals served by it. It works for the benefit of each individual inhabiting society, whether it’s children, people, or society as a whole. Second, censorship protects each one’s religious or cultural background. They don’t let any sort of speeches publish that incites threat to any religion. Third, censorship is the heredity of government to safeguard a country’s unity, integrity, security. No matter with what sort of freedom people are being endowed, censorship defends national’s pride and honor. Thus, the rationale of censorship is that it is necessary for the protection of the three basic social institutions; the family; the religion; the state. Essay Body Censorship is the control of speech and other forms of human expressions which are entrusted for the benefit of society. Precisely, it restricts children from being dragged to the wrong path of life. (Dershowitz, 174) It fights for child pornography, unwanted sexual expressions, restricting them by fixing age compulsion for being participants of lottery games, drugs, visiting restaurants. In addition, it uplifts the social standard of society. It restores the moral values of society and protects people from defamation and obscenity. Apart from this, it checks that no people should enjoy other’s freedom. It allows people to enjoy their freedom by being in their bound. For example, if you have freedom, it does not mean that you will show your natural body in society. Therefore, censorship allows people to relax with their freedom and reminds them of its reciprocal duties and responsibilities. Censorship refers to the examination of books, periodicals, plays, films, television and radio programs, the internet, and other communication media to alter and suppress those parts thought to be offensive or objectionable for religious tolerance. It does not tolerate any sort of misbehaves with religions. It checks offensive speeches that are intended to stir up aggression against certain groups of religious, racial. Proponents of freedom adhere that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has mentioned in Article 19, “Everyone has the right to express, opinion, information regardless of frontiers.” Arguably, some circumstances get created in a society where no option is left with the government except “Censorship”. (Harer, 121) Such as, when 13 Nepalese were brutally murdered in Iraq and Nepal went through the destruction of Human Power Agencies and other resources were submerged in the anger on Nepalese people, the government has only one option to put censorship in the form of curfew. Moreover, some scholars criticized censorship on the ground that, “Censorship is an evil and suppresses people’s opinions by acting as totalitarian gov
Introduction Although the number of countries that still use the death penalty as a form of punishment has drastically reduced, some countries such as Saudi Arabia and China and some states in the USA still use it. As per Amnesty International’s research reports, over 90% global states have completely abolished this form of punishment and for those that still use it, they normally use it to punish crimes that they consider to be very heinous (Radelet and Lacock 495-509). Death Penalty in Saudi Arabia For a while now, Saudi Arabia has remained one of the global nations that strongly believe that punishing by death is one of the ways of giving justice to victims of crime and one of the best ways of deterring heinous crimes. Capital punishment in this Arabic country is well defined in Sharia laws, and once somebody has been found guilty of a capital offense, the best form of punishment they are subjected to is the death sentence. Some of the wrongdoings that attract such a sentence are theft, infidelity, witchcraft, rape, killing, and if you are assumed or found guilty of being a false prophet or apostrophes. When one is convicted with one of these offenses, there is normally a couple of ways justice is applied with the favourite being a public cutting of the head, which is done in the middle of Riyadh. There have been 345 executions carried out in the three years culminating to 2010, 82 executed in 2011 and 17 to date. Other methods of execution are death by stoning, although this method is not currently used. Before the execution day comes, the defendant firstly has to undergoes a trial (which is usually a closed door meeting) and is allowed legal representation and a right to appeal if the case goes against him or her for fairness purposes. Later on if one is found guilty, they will have to go to prison and await their execution day; whereby the family of the victim will be given a chance to decide what they want to be done. Any guilty individual can be punished by death, be allowed to serve a jail term and compensate the bereaved family or pay the government some fine and serve some jail term (Lines 6-17 and Schabas 225-231). Effectiveness According to Hands off Cain (1), in 2003 there were 52 executions, in 2004 38, in 2005 90, in 2006 39, in 2007 166, in 2008 102, in 2009 27, in 2010 81, and in 2012 the figure stood at 78. The statistics above show that, although the number of executions has not reduced very much, there is a slight reduction; hence, showing that this form of punishment has really helped to reduce occurrence of heinous crimes. Considering that every year the population increases, statistically, there should be a larger number of perpetrators of capital crime. Therefore, even though the figures may seem to go up in certain years, the figures point to a startling finding that indeed capital punishment is effective. The Death Penalty in the United States Although the United States is a first world country and the use of this form of punishment is one of the most controversial topics, this form of punishment is still alive and practised in some if it’s states
Over the past several centuries, humans have turned the world into a forest of concrete buildings scattered across the globe. Urban areas are constantly expanding, and this translates into the development of vast areas with tall buildings replacing natural vegetation. Human settlements are also a contributing factor in the changes witnessed in the earth’s biosphere. While the earth appears as a shining planet from space, with green patches of vegetation being visible from space, this characteristic may not hold for long. In his quest for survival, man eliminates indigenous forests and natural vegetation from vast land masses to settle. This has a negative impact to the ecology because it eliminates survival factors for animals and plants that naturally inhabit the lands. Industrious cities in the developed nations like China and Japan occupy large masses of land, leaving limited space for the natural vegetation to thrive. This phenomenon alters the balance of nature for vegetation and animals, and it is the main cause of extinction in living organisms. The earth’s biosphere is constantly losing its vegetation cover because of human activities, and this has dire impacts on other parts of the earth like the atmosphere. Vegetation cover is responsible for converting carbon dioxide to oxygen to balance the constituents of the atmosphere. Excessive clearing of vegetation on the earth’s service results to an alteration of the equilibrium in gaseous volumes in the atmosphere, and the current levels of greenhouse gases are alarming, especially in the urban areas. Man has single-handedly made the biosphere inhabitable for other living organisms, and this trend will continue as long as man continues to develop settlement areas (Raven, Berg & Hassenzahl, 2011). Carbon cycle Excessive clearing of indigenous vegetation in the vast lands across the world affects the earth’s carbon cycle. Clearing forests, farming land, and grasslands results to an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. Trees and other plants making up the earth’s vegetation are responsible for reducing the levels of carbon dioxide in the air through photosynthesis. Urban areas experience escalated levels of carbon dioxide, which leads to global warming and climate change. Disrupting the carbon cycle in the quest for industrialization and modernization is likely to cause negative effects on the survival of vegetation in the future because of the adverse effects of climate change. Some parts of the world are already experiencing the consequences of disrupting the earth’s carbon cycle, which in turn affects the hydro cycle of the planet (Bala et al., 2007). Counter-measures The global society is aware of the effects of human settlement and deforestation, and the relevant authorities have set some measures to counter the effects on the carbon cycle. Planting forests around urban areas and by the roadsides in urban areas is one of the measures that seem to help in alleviating the issue. NGOs dealing with environme
Introduction Inequality is an issue that permeates all spheres of people’s lives, and it is challenging for people to discover and address the root of the problem. For instance, inequality is often viewed through the lens of economics, with some scholars believing that income adjustment can resolve such staggering concerns as poverty (Visano 192). However, it is vital to consider other aspects of one’s existence, paying attention to multiple social determinants and their interconnectedness. In Canada, Indigenous Peoples encounter economic inequality that is further worsened by racism, their remote geographic location, a lack of accessible medical services, and food insecurity. Poverty Racialized groups face economic and health-related hardships worldwide, and Canada is not an exception. Although the idea of multiculturalism is embraced in the country on paper, it is apparent that minorities continue to face inequality (Jacobs and Ouedraogo 270). For example, the population living in the most northern territory of Canada, Nunavut, mostly consists of Indigenous Peoples (Inuit, in particular). This region differs greatly from the rest of the country due to its harsh northern climate as well as the lack of urban development. As a result, the local Indigenous communities do not have the same quality of life as people living in other Canadian cities. In this case, the primary type of poverty is material – Indigenous Canadians suffer from great food insecurity as local farming opportunities are limited by the weather (Visano 197). The combination of the remoteness from urban life with fresh produce and clean water puts the health of the community at risk of malnutrition, obesity, and overall poor health. Another problem that much of northern Canada’s Indigenous Peoples face is the availability of healthcare services and people’s inability to access medical help. Apart from being unable to acquire the same products as other Canadians, residents of Nunavut lack healthcare facilities that would be as advanced as those in more prosperous territories. Such costs as transportation, housing, and food make health travel extremely challenging and further limit communities’ healthcare access. Here, the combination of such social determinants as low income and no access to healthcare services play a significant role in Indigenous People’s wellbeing. Race Inequity The issues of poverty and poor health of Indigenous Peoples cann
When considering educational theories, it is important to consider the source of the theories and the intent of education right from the time of conception. According to the Greek history, education started as a concept of thought. The concept was composed of philosophy, history and basic arithmetic. It therefore indicates that education is a component of all disciplines that should be learnt right from childhood. Bearing this in mind, it is therefore very important to make sure that the concept is progressive, depending on the nature of education. Education, like any other project, needs to be funded to make sure that it is progressed from one stage to the other. Some of the critical areas that are vital in this area are teaching materials, teachers and teaching facilities, including the structures. In the case of teaching materials, schools should be in a position to purchase materials that will be used in class. Some of the materials needed in education are teaching aids, writing materials as well as books for reading. Without such mat