ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction International Business Machines (IBM) is a computer technology company with a special interest in information technology. The company principally deals in manufacturing of computer hardware, software, and consultancy. This paper will analyze IBM from a leadership development perspective (De Wit & Meyer 2004). Over the years, IBM has evolved to be the number two desktop manufacturer and seller in the world after Lenovo. Market analysts and experts argue that IBM is likely to trounce Lenovo in the recent years to be the number one seller of desktops. It is also notable that its affiliate businesses are performing quite well (Castells 2011). The company has acquired various strategic competitors and strategic partners in its bid to be the best producer and seller of a host of products. The most notable merger, and arguably the most strategic, was the acquisition of Nokia’s Smartphone division. Happening against a backdrop of the hosts declining appeal the world over and a shakeup in its internal operations, IBM was quite a shock purchaser of the division. However, it quickly turned this misfortune into profits and fortunes (Drury 2007). In light of previously commendable acquisitions and mergers, IBM has continued this business practice in various countries. The company’s desire for global presence is the most compelling factor in this endeavor. Hence, the company continues to acquire small and strategically placed players in local markets where they shift. The practice is quite helpful with amalgamation into the local markets and eventual appreciation of its products in those markets. Entry into new markets from a local position is easier than from main headquarters (Chase & Aquilano 2006). IBM ought to take action and reform its leadership styles. Research has shown that effectiveness is measured depending on the people’s achievements, their skills, and behavior. IBM has vast resources at its disposal. By contrast, IBM has been losing billions of dollars in paying fines arising from careless management. The amount of loss can be reduced if the company employs a management team that exercises visionary leadership, does things the way they are expected, understands the business and its key drivers, and can locate resources according to appropriately laid down procedures. The new management should be able to undertake innovation duties accurately, adapt and respond to market changes appropriately, and anticipate problems before they happen. Moreover, it should handle problems that arise unexpectedly with sufficient care. Leaders that use these techniques are transformational. IBM’s management failed to be responsible following inadequate appreciation of past mistakes. Transformational leaders are good at learning from the past. To solve the challenges sufficiently, the company should employ transformational leaders. The frequent rate at which suits are filed against IBM demonstrates the inability of the current leaders to take charge of the company’s operations. According to prominent leadership theories, an effective leader
The end of sixteen century saw various manifestations of the rise of the scientific revolution. Though it was at nascent level, yet the impact which philosophical and socio-economic transformation left on art is pronounced. Art and the ambiance in which it flourishes are but entwined. Paradigm influences the creation of art and in turn the latter affects the former. If we comb the artifacts of various intellectual epochs, it is more than obvious that a specific era mothers a particular type of art. Thinking of an age permeates the innermost recesses of art and its warp and woof are woven with the conditions in which it breathes. The air which art inhales certainly has tremendous impressions on it. It bears its print very well. The baroque artistic manners are easily distinguished. For instance, “aristocratic baroque’ is a manifestation of the cravings of an aristocracy that is being increasingly challenged by solidified power of the middle classes. This is an age of political awakening in which there is struggle between old and new ideas. Masses are becoming conscious of their power and want to uproot the power of aristocracy, which is nothing but heavy drain on their coffers. The works of Rubens are a great representation of this age. It can be marked for their spacious, frequent paintings and naked females. All this was materialized under the supervision of Maria de’ Medici. Art is also emblematic of the thinking and however, also reflected the visions and purposes of the newly established affluent middle class. It is most apparent in the works of Rembrandt. For him the true barometer of the quality of art can be measured not by its own standard but the worth it attracts in the market, which of course means the aesthetic sense of public. Later is made up of the social and economic conditions of the people. “ The art and its manifestations are steeped in the socio-economic conditions of a given era” ( Henry M Sayre, The World Of Art). The grandeur of art of this era is multi-faceted and is not limited to two dimensions. Baroque architecture was as attractive as two-dimensional forms, but owing to its scope, the imprints were most significant as has been the case with Palace of Versailles and the Taj Mahal. The performing arts were also greatly inspired. It also came under the purview of the explicit articulation of the Baroque Period. This era also experienced the classical works of Bach and Vivaldi, the rise to prominence of the concerto, the sonata, the cantata, and most importantly, opera. The eighteenth-century is synonymous with the “Age of the Enlightenment”. It has been well said that one period straddles other periods and historical boundaries cannot be concretely drawn. It is because of the fact that life and production do not abruptly change from one century to the other. Subject to these limitations, the eighteen-century has its brand of philosophical propositions and artistic leanings. This is the unique century in w
Abstract This main objective of this project is to design the salinity control system. This report describes the main steps taken by the team and the peculiarities of the new application. This system will be based on the relationship between the voltage and concentration of salt in the liquid. This development of this application involved the use of the LabVIEW program which was important for describing the main variables. With the help of this program, it was possible to develop the formula and equations that will be important for the functioning of the control system. This report will also present the discussion of the teamwork during this project and the preparation for the presentation. These are the main questions that should be examined in more detail. Introduction This project is aimed at developing a salinity control system. One can say that this task was motivated by several factors. First of all, in the course of this project, team members had an opportunity to design an application that can be used for various practical purposes. For example, this technology can help those people who examine various solutes. Moreover, the participants could apply their theoretical knowledge while doing various practical tasks that are related to chemistry, physics, and mechanics. This is the main rationale for this group assignment. One can say that problem-solving played an important role since the team members had to do various technical and theoretical tasks. This is one of the main points that can be made. It was necessary to take several steps. In particular, the team members had to determine the relationship between saline and voltage. Furthermore, it was important to develop a formula that can accurately describe the relationship between these variables. Based on these results, the team could design a subprogram that can control the level of salinity. These are the main tasks that had to be done. It should be mentioned that this project involved the use of the LabVIEW program which was necessary for many calculations and the development of equations. Three students took part in this project, and every member of the team took part in data-gathering, discussions, and the design of the control system. These are the main activities involved in this project. Overall, one can say that this project proved to be both challenging and interesting. Moreover, the team was able to attain the objectives that were set at the very beginning. Main Body: the development of the control system As it has been said before, the goal of this project was to design a salinity control system. However, at first, it was important to understand how various variables are related to one another, for instance, one can mention flow rate, the concentration of salt, and voltage. These indicators play an important role in the d
Current Initiatives An overview of information about the current program initiatives and recent research projects, and their history. National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) focuses on clinical and fundamental research, as well as health and illness research training (Fitzpatrick & Kazer, 2012). The research work is meant to enhance health and prevent diseases. It also aims at improving the quality of life. Furthermore, it aims at improving health disparities. Several program initiatives and research projects such as End of Life and Palliative Care Initiative have been identified. This was after the realization that many people die due to a lack of proper care from the healthcare providers and the community at large. In addition, it had been realized that the advancements that have been realized in medicine and public health are instrumental to long life spans (Clark, 2013). The health professionals and the community should commit themselves to improving care for dying patients, particularly young children and old people. The NINR works with other institutions such as to sponsor the aforementioned initiatives: End of Life and Palliative Care Initiative (Hinshaw & Grady, 2011). These two initiatives are related to research, education of the health care providers, and community involvement. Social science, biological, and behavioral approaches apply in NINR’s end-of-life and palliative initiatives. These strategies enhance an understanding of the challenges that patients with life threatening diseases face. They also help the caregivers to address the challenges. NINR supports researchers as they explore interventions to come up with ways of providing patients with high quality and evidence based palliative care. Some of the research topics included in the initiatives include caregivers and providers, using effective palliative care to relieve pain, and suffering and distressing symptoms among others (Hinshaw & Grady, 2011). The NINR supports researches in end-of-life and palliative care initiatives for various reasons. The first reason is to understand the complex issues associated with palliative and end-of-life care. The second reason is to establish and apply relevant strategies to reduce both the physical and psychological burdens of the caregivers, especially when the patient they are caring for is in the stage of end-of –life. The third reason for conducting research in the two initiatives is to create communication strategies for patients, families, clinicians, and communities (Fitzpatri
Introduction The history of Jesus and first-century Palestine is based on the analysis of ancient texts and interpretations. The stories collected in the texts cannot be supported fully because they were recorded at a time when no means for information checking was available. Thus, the majority of situations described in the Old and New Testament, for example, are often debated and deconstructed by people who wish to know whether these works should be regarded with or without interpretations. The life of Jesus is also a subject of such discussions, and both Christian and Jewish scholars examine his actions and words. According to Sanders, the beliefs and statements of Jesus distinguished him from the surrounding people, making him a person of Jewish descent who questioned the common law at some points (68). Levine, on the other hand, suggests that Jesus’ words fully aligned with the Jewish ideology, and his teachings and habits could be directly linked to his culture (18). Jesus was a part of the Jewish society, but his ideas are interpreted differently by Christianity and Judaism. The Relationship of Jesus to the Jewish Society The beginning of Christianity as a religion is based on the story of Jesus Christ. Called Jesus of Nazareth, he was a man of Jewish descent who was seen as a teacher and a healer by his contemporaries. The history of his upbringing does not deny the fact that he was Jewish. Nonetheless, as Levine notes, many people may disregard this fact as an irrelevant part of his life (19). The author also states that the ideas of Jesus were close to those expressed by other Jews. The examples provided in the book in
Introduction In the modern world, smart technologies are becoming more and more popular both in business and personal settings. Such devices provide convenience, sustainability, security, and are highly cost-time effective (Bowers, 2019). For example, smart home technologies allow activating most of the equipment simply by using voice. This approach is highly effective in minimizing efforts concerning housework or food delivery. However, smart technologies can also be used for grander purposes, such as smart cities and smart grids, which can be utilized to optimize energy usage and ensure sustainability (Bowers, 2019). Ultimately, smart technologies have a large number of objectives and designs, and the current work describes twenty-five prominent smart technologies used in the modern world. Smart City As mentioned briefly before, smart technologies range from grand business projects to smaller devices that make life more convenient. One of the most extensive technologies is smart city design. Research demonstrates that approximately 70% of the human population will live in cities by 2050 (Marr, 2020). That is why it is particularly crucial to focus on urban technologies that improve the efficiency of energy usage and protect the environment. In general, smart city technologies refer to any device that increases the quality of life in populated areas (Marr, 2020). The list below demonstrates seven prominent designs of urban technologies:  1. Smart traffic light systems. In urban areas, congested traffic is one of the primary issues leading to a large number of accidents. From these considerations, the local governments do their best efforts to improve the safety of roads and decongest the traffic. One of the ways to resolve this problem is to implement smart traffic lights controlled by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (Beall, 2018). For instance, the Chinese City Brain project – a cloud-based framework that uploads various information about the city – has reduced traffic congestion by 15% (Beall, 2018). These findings prove that AI algorithms in smart cities can significantly improve road safety.  2. Smart CCTV cameras. Additionally, smart video surveillance is another method to enhance public security. It is possible to use cameras to monitor the streets and smart technologies to analyze the footage. The algorithms would notify the responsible staff members in case of accidents, crimes, or other anomalies occurring on the display (Marr, 2020). Consequently, the appropriate organization, such as the police or firefighters, is notified about the commotion. As a result, the time to react to emergencies and accidents might be reduced by utilizing smart technologies, and people’s lives might be saved.  3. LED technology street lights. Smart street li
Introduction Whereas the opportunity to sell our products in Ghana offers a prefect room for expansion, a number of risks that encompass our daily operations must be analyzed and managed to ensure business success. These risks have the capacity to inflict serious legal and financial risks to our company given the fact that we will be operating this business in a totally different environment. Risks that our company will have to manage in order to ensure its success include political and economic risks, distance and communication, risks posed by the currency and exchange rates and risks due to legal, corruption and ethical differences. The purpose of this memo is to outline risks the distribution company will have to manage and present recommendations on how they can be managed for business success. Political and economic risks Even though Ghana has been hailed as a beacon of democracy in Africa, it is surrounded by politically unstable neighbors such as Liberia, Ivory Coast and Nigeria. Political instability in one or all of these neighbors has the capacity to extend beyond the borders and affect our normal operations. This means that the future of Ghana is devoid of political instability that has been a problem to most international companies conducting business in Africa. The West Coast Africa is a politically unstable region that will definitely hinder the progress of the distribution company. It must be noted that political instability are unforeseen risks that demand constant and continuous high levels of preparedness. According to Erb, Campbell and Tadas (1995), “political instability constitutes one of the predicable risks for any business in emerging markets such as Africa.” In addition to the above, sudden changes in political leadership may lead to change n economic policies such as increase in taxes or tighter regulations governing the operations of foreign companies. Our ability to manage this risk will largely depend on the plan we develop tha
Introduction Magnet status is a credential, which hospitals that provide the best nursing care receive from the American Nurse’s Credentialing Center (ANCC). The term magnet emerged in the early 1980s when healthcare researchers realized that some hospitals attracted and retained nurses more than others. Hence, curiosity drove the researchers to investigate ‘magnetic’ properties of those hospitals. “The original magnet study began in 1981 when the American Academy of Nursing appointed a task force to investigate the factors impeding or facilitating professional nursing practice in hospitals” (Lundmark, 2008, p. 369). The study revealed that numerous forces exist in the hospitals, which are responsible for the skewed attraction and retention of nurses. The findings of the study became the basis of the Magnet Recognition Program, an ANCC program that recognizes and accredits hospitals that have achieved magnetic status based on forces of magnetism (Drenkard, 2010). Currently, hospitals are struggling to achieve magnet status to portray their nursing excellence. Thus, this paper discusses the research basis of magnet status and ANCC principles of certification, and then explains benefits that a hospital gets by attaining magnet status. Magnet Status and Hospitals Magnet status originated from observations that healthcare researchers made in the 1980s. Severe shortage of nurses during the 1980s prompted health researchers to study why some hospitals attracted and retained more nurses than others. A task force formed by the American Academy of Nursing in 1981 sought to determine what caused differential attraction and retention of nurses across some hospitals that are in the United States. The task force worked on the premise that “despite a nursing shortage for a large number of hospitals, a certain number had succeeded in creating nursing practice organizations that serve as ‘magnets’ for professional nurses” (Lundmark, 2008, p. 370). Extensive research of 41 hospitals in the United States, which retained and attracted a high number of nurses, did provide valuable information about magnetic forces. The magnetic forces comprised of factors that are present in administration, professional practice, and professional development aspects of nursing. In 2005, ANCC reorganized the magnetic forces into 14 forces, which a hospital should attain for it to achieve magnet status. The realization of the magnetic forces as factors that are responsible for the differential attraction and retention nurses among different hospitals led to the accreditation of hospitals. The study by the task force showed that magnet hospitals did not only attract and retain nurses, but they also provided quality nursing care to patients (Lundmark, 2008). Therefore, ANCC developed the Magnet Recognition Program in 1990s and accredited Washington Medical Center that is in Seattle
Living in modernity as opposed to life in pre-modern society is a major challenge due to the diverse changes that are mainly structural, of global proportion, and which continuously alter and impact on experiences, private realms, social life, industrial capitalism, growth of organizations and rational forms. As a result of this difference, most scholars on modern sociology have pointed out that a lot of transformations involving cultural, political, economic and social processes have taken place and resulted in the emergence, development and flourishing of new structures in social life. Krauthammer points out that living in modernity typically means moving from post-traditional period and agrarianism to rationalization, secularization, industrialization and national states (379). This paper explores the distinctiveness of living in modernity and the impact it has on social life. The concept of modernity In his publication, Begbie points out that modernity is a phenomenon that encompasses diverse changes in society. Consequently, the author argues that the concept of modernity has exerted immense influence in world today in the sense that most aspects in contemporary life are duly affected by modernity (454). Conceptually, there is a very close relationship between modernity and modernism. Nonetheless, both of these concepts are apparently associated with the rise of capitalism, social relations, social science, existentialism, Marxism and secularization among others. It is imperative to mention that the era of modernity has been committed to development of ideas which have ensured that production and use of reliable knowledge is made possible in order to foster the ability of human beings to shape and control their present and future lives. Historically, the modern society is believed to have emerged in the late nineteenth century and begun flourishing in the early twentieth century (Begbie 458). It was driven by numerous and diverse contemporary aspects and interrelated processes such as production, growth and capitalism. Indeed, the concept modernity can be integrated quite well with the ideas and theories that were put forward by philosophers like Karl Marx. One of the major developments of modernity that saw the growth of working methods as well as economic activities was the continuous and rapid escalation in capacity of production processes. Krauthammer points out that production was a crucial factor that not only led the emergence of societies in the modern world, but also their sustenance though use of industrial manufacture to replace agriculture with an aim of enhancing productive activit