ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In this day and age, committed relationships have evolved to include various kinds and arrangements. Heterosexual romantic relationships usually start with dating, and upon getting to know each other better, may lead to marriage, cohabitation or divorce or separation. This paper will discuss some challenges of marriages, especially when it comes to sex. It will discuss two films about marriages, “The Mirror Has Two Faces”, a movie from 1996 directed and starred in by Barbara Streisand, and “Sunrise”, a classic movie from 1927 by F.W. Murnau long before Technicolor and computer-generated images have been invented. Both movies feature married couples and how they survive the trials of their marriage. Both films can actually represent movies that create relationships and bring people together, but some aspects in the movies also depict breaking down of the marriage. For this paper, the movie “The Mirror Has Two Faces” will show the breakdown of a marriage and the movie “Sunrise” will show how the marriage is saved after surviving some challenges. Marriage Marriage is usually a culmination of a romantic relationship between a man and a woman who have been in a committed relationship and decided that they want to spend the rest of their lives together. They formalize their vow to love, honour and obey each other forever with a wedding ritual usually held in a church officiated by a priest, a pastor or other religious leaders who are qualified to legally bind the couple in marriage. The married couple are expected to be faithful to each other and not entertain the prospect of another romantic relationship outside of their marriage. Sex is part of the marriage, as it is a physical act to seal and express their love and affection for each other. Both parties are able to find fulfilment, satisfaction and pleasure in sex. However, the frequency of engagement in sexual activities usually decreases with age and length of marriage. As people age, they are less able to perform at their peak for sexual encounters and it results in less satisfaction for both the individual and his/her sexual partner. However, it is the general quality of a couple’s marriage which is rated as more important than sex as key to the couple’
History and Impact of Employing Women and Minorities in Law Enforcement Law enforcement shows how laws are enforced and public order is maintained. White men have been disproportionately holding positions in this field for a long time. Nowadays, the situation is different, and more women and minorities are encouraged to join law enforcement professions to reduce the impact of bureaucracy and other biases. The first women and African Americans were hired as police officers in the middle of the 19th century. In the middle of the 20th century, the Civil Rights Act removed other discrimination-based debates and supported equality in public accommodations. Racial diversification of law enforcement organizations is favored to increase confidence in the police and improve police-minority relations (Sever et al., 2018). Women in law enforcement also promote decreasing in the use of physical force and misunderstandings in communities (Sever et al., 2018). Although men prevail in law enforcement employment, changes and respect cannot be ignored today. Various Roles of Law Enforcement Law enforcement is a vital activity of the government to enforce the law and control communities’ behaviors and relationships. The major roles of this profession are to maintain public order and manage public safety. It is expected to see how individuals suspected of criminal offenses are treated and how investigations are organized. The courts aim to ensure that suspected criminals receive fair trials and that their guilt or innocence is properly determined. The correction system, in its turn, focuses on altering behaviors to make people socially acceptable and legally abiding. When an offender is caught by the police (a law enforcement representative), it is necessary to make sure that no unnecessary violence is applied. The courts analyze each detail and conclude that all rights are considered and no mistakes are made. Corrections help people change their behaviors and understand what they should and should not do within the frames of the existing system and society. Reference Sever, B., Elg, E., & Ellis, S. (2018). Law enforcement and the depiction of minorities and women on social media: A review of municipal police department Facebook pictures. Race and Justice, 11 (2), 127-159. Web.
Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 61 was written by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1806. It was written in a number of weeks. This concerto written for violin and orchestra was the only one of such kind. In the 18th century, there were many conventional elements, which were dominating in concertos. Beethoven made his contribution to the evolution of the genre. He eliminated these elements and made the concerto closer to the symphonic genre. The composition was innovative and rich in technique and form. It is lyrical and harmonious, without any sign of tragic intensity. In addition to the solo violin, the concerto is played in flute, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani, and strings. The work is in three movements:  1. Allegro ma non troppo (D major)  2. Larghetto (G major)  3. Rondo. Allegro (D major) Beethoven constructed this concerto symmetrically. Two dialectically opposed parts have a complete motif (A+B, C, D, E) in each section. The structure of the first movement is the “sonata form”. He divided it into three parts: the Exposition (orchestra and soloist), Development and Refrain (with coda). Closer to the end of the Development section, he introduces a new motif, which is not only breaking the monotony, but also has a significant psychological effect. He uses it to prepare the solemn return of the First Theme in the Refrain. This movement has a good example of ‘sonata form’. The second period has a radiance of scale and fine articulation. Beethoven achieved a perfect balance using six pure motifs (A, B, C, D, E and F). The first phrase consists of symmetrical antecedents and consequents. The second movement has a pure lyricism. The structure is distinctive for the fact that it is completely in G major. The first theme is a pure romanza phrase played pianissimo with two bar coda on a muted strings. Then, goes two variations by the soloist and orchestra. The second theme is made up by a sublime period of eight bars. It begins in bar 45 and returns in bar 71. It is played on the deep strings of the violin. The whole movement consists of melodic variations played by the soloist and orchestra. The unexpected moments is the modulation on the chord (F sharp) in the fourth bar. The strings play with “sordina”, so the color in this movement is soft and warm. The second theme is played on the solo violin. The strings are deep and warm. Then, goes two the variations of the first theme and repe
Introduction Attention Getter United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit published Case: 14-16601 on September 30, 2015, and emphasized that National Collegiate Athletic Association is not above antitrust laws. The case illustrates the current debate on whether student-athletes should receive money compensation. Audience Relevance I’m sure, most people in this room highly appreciate college sports. Therefore, being aware of the current debate on pay for student athletes is of vital importance. Credibility I have studied numerous opinions and arguments shared by respected specialists to present you with relevant data on the issue. Thesis The solution that is fair to all parties, including student-athletes and National Collegiate Athletic Association, should be found as soon as possible to save college sports from decline. Main Point Preview First, I will start by telling you about the risks of restricting colleges from compensating athletes beyond the cost of attendance. Second, I will explain why college sports establishments put their efforts in preventing expanding athletes’ rights. Finally, I will conclude with the possible solutions to the problem. Main Point 1 (Problem) Restricting colleges from compensating athletes beyond the cost of attendance can put a serious threat to the whole system of amateur sports as student-athletes spend much time that could be used for earning their living for sports activities. Besides, sports are highly lucrative for colleges, and students whose labor brings the revenues should share the part of them not to lose the interest in such activities. Sub-Point 1 In the article written by Carter Williams for Deseret News , on July 16, 2015, the author states that many students have a strong need for earning their living and are willing to work for extra money on the side. However, student athletes do not have such possibility due to their busy life full of sports activities. Therefore, as being a student-athlete seriously affects the person’s opportunity to find a part-time job and earn enough money for living, students spending a huge amount of time for benefiting college sports need to be adequately paid. Sub-Point 2 According to an article published in the New York Times by Marc Tracy on September 30, 2015, college sports bring huge revenues that should be fai
Introduction The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) is an organization that was established by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in order to oversee and control the audits of public companies (Anandarajan and Kleinman 114). The organization exists to ensure that investors have access to independent and accurate audits, which helps to protect their and public interests. The PCAOB’s vision is to “promote public trust in both the financial reporting process and auditing profession” (PCAOB “Mission and Vision”). Globalization has increased the need to detect and highlight corporate wrongdoings in an effective and timely manner. Therefore, it is hard to overestimate the importance of the audit industry for the modern economy. This paper aims to review audits of four public companies conducted by the PCAOB: Ernst & Young LLP, Grant Thornton LLP, RSM US LLP, and KPMG LLP. The paper will analyze the audit reports in order to better understand the deficiencies detected during audit engagements in terms of their types and categories. Analysis Ernst & Young LLP Ernst & Young LLP is a public accounting company whose degree of compliance was assessed by the PCAOB in 2015, according to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (PCAOB “Ernst & Young” 1). An inspection team reviewed portions of 55 audits conducted by the company and detected a number of deficiencies associated with testing internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR) (PCAOB “Ernst & Young” 4). Out of 16 audits that appear in the report, 14 audits had substantive testing deficiencies associated with judgment on financial statements (PCAOB “Ernst & Young” 4). Furthermore, out of these 14 audits, 3 audits contained deficiencies in substantive testing that resulted from the overreliance on excessive controls (PCAOB “Ernst & Young” 4). As is evident from the report, Ernst & Young LLP failed to properly test whether its internal controls meet their objective. It is a common deficiency that prevents either management or employees or both to discover and elimin
The most prevent stereotype derived from Latin American literature is the despotic female, who is able to control and rule her household. To some degree, this portrayal is often supported by other stereotypes; for example, one can speak about female slaves and housekeepers. Gabriel García Márquez explores these images in his novel One Hundred Years of Solitude . Females of Macondo remain exceptionally domestic in one way or another. Many of them are mostly limited to the status of sexual objects or housekeepers. Nevertheless, they can exercise control over the domestic realm. In this essay, I will discuss the way in which Marquez portrays female characters with the help of stereotypes that reflect the role of women in Colombia. The fictional town of Macondo is governed by the gender roles established in the society. In turn, Marquez depicts a community that is proportionately dominated by women and men. The novel presents female characters who are usually less educated than males; this is why women is primarily supposed to perform her household chores. Moreover, their opinions are not usually taken into consideration by men For instance, Ursula is the first woman that readers interact with when they read the novel. He tries to prevent her husband from purchasing gadgets from gypsies. However, her arguments are disregarded. The author depicts women as people who are confined to domestic chores. At some point, the author shows that Ursula can assist her husband to accomplish some tasks. For instance, they are responsible for keeping the family budget. In this way, the writer shows that women were also useful in performing important duties in Macondo. Ursula is described as a person who cannot neglect her household duties. Moreover, the role of mother is an inseparable part of her identity. This is why she says, “we have the right to pull down your pants and give you a whipping at the first sign of disrespect” (Márquez 162). In fact, she tells Colonel Aureliano that, as long as she lives, she will be a great source of inspiration to her children. The assertion implies that women have the power and influence in the community. While Ursula can influence the life of the household, Santa Sofia is described as a more subordinate figure. Unlike Ursula, who can express her opinions about different issues, Santa Sofia does not try to influence the decisions of males. One can say that she is very dutiful to everyone. She is a hardworking woman who aims at serving everyone in the household, including Fernanda. The fact that she often sleeps on a mat in the kitchen indicates that she is a very submissive person. In fact, the author describes the character as a person who ” never seemed bothered by that lowly position”( Márquez 358). She is also shown as a sacrificing person who refuses to enjoy comfort for the sake of children who are not hers. Ursula dies at the age of 130. Unfortunately, Santa Sofia is unable to perform her duties and she leaves the family. On the whole, the oppression of women is a part of the daily live in Macondo. Nevertheless, women are critical for the functioning of households.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many areas of individuals’ daily living. The vulnerability to any epidemic depends on a person’s social and economic status. Some people with underlying medical conditions have succumbed to the disease, while others with stronger immunity have survived (Cohut para.6). Governments have restricted movements and introduced stern measures against violating such health precautions as physical distancing and wearing masks. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced people to adopt various responses to its effects, such as homeschooling, working from home, and ordering foods and other commodities from online stores. I have restricted my movements and opted to order foodstuffs and other essential goods online with doorstep delivery services. I like adventure, and before the pandemic, I would go to parks and other recreational centers to have fun. But this time, I am mostly confined to my room studying, doing school assignments, or reading storybooks, when I do not have an in-person session at college. I have also had to use social media more than before to connect with my family and friends. I miss participating in outdoor activities and meeting with my friends. However, it is worth it because the virus is deadly, and I have had to adapt to this new normal in my life. With the pandemic requiring stern measures and precautions due to its transmission mode, the federal government has done well in handling the matter. One of the positives is that it has sent financial and material aid to individual state and local governments to help people cope up with the economic challenges the pandemic has posed (Solomon para. 8). Another plus for the federal government is funding the COVID-19 testing, contact tracing, and distributing the vaccine. Lastly, the government has extended unemployment benefits as a rescue plan to help households with an income of less than $150,000 (Solomon para. 9). Therefore, the federal government is trying its best to handle this pandemic. The New Jersey government has done all it can to handle this pandemic well, but there are still some areas of improvement. As of March 7, 2021, New Jersey was having the highest number of deaths related to COVID-19, but Governor Phil Murphy’s initial handling of the pandemic attracted praises from
Introduction The US government sees the only way towards economic prosperity is the full utilization of its people. As such it endeavors to provide equal opportunities to both men and women in all fields including science. The role of women in the growth of science industry in the US has always been an issue of concern. A study commissioned by the Committee on Maximizing the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering has revealed that women are equally capable as they are interested in science as their male counterparts. However the women involvement in the field of science has been riddled with several challenges throughput history. Even though the US government prides itself in provision of equal opportunities, there are still glaring discrepancies in the resources and attitudes on how women and science are viewed. The increase in the number of women in position of leadership in the field of science has been commendable. However this increase has not been matched by an equal number of resources provided for these women scientist. There are also legal as well as social hindrances that continue to belabor the place of women in science. These hindrances have had a negative impact on the gains made by the women scientist therefore slowing the pace of progress in fully utilizing the potential of women scientist. Thus the bias towards women scientists has negatively impacted the general growth of science as well as the US economy. The history of women involvement in science The involvement of American women in science dates back before the great American Revolution in the eighteenth century. Even though the involvement of women in science at this time was not officially recognized their contribution in such fields such as botany, zoology and such others has shaped modern scientific views. Therefore the historical perspective of their involvement is not just a mater of the professional growth but is a matter the access to scientific opportunities and resources. Up to the eighteenth century, American women scientists were just seen as “observers and recorders” of scientific happenings. As such their views were not included in professional scientific publication as they were not seen as fully fledged scientific discoveries. This type of bias was reinforced by new scientific discoveries that portrayed women as intellectually inferior to men. Furthermore the place of women in science continues to be hampered by the exclusion of women from higher institutions of learning. As such the involvement of women in the field of science up to the early twentieth century was largely practiced outside academia (Wayne 2). The opening of land-grant colleges of education in the mid nineteenth century however was a great step towards overcoming the exclusion of women. These colleges opened up spaces and gave them a chance to be actively involved in science. Initially women just practiced as teachers and in
Introduction Art is a reflection of reality. An expression of emotions, realities, and concerns, art incorporates different elements to make this expression visible and comprehensible. The end of WWII was followed by the growing popularity of realism in America: dozens of talented artists created their works, trying to re-evaluate the social anxieties of the postwar order. Hughie Lee-Smith was among those, who felt desperate and isolated in postwar America. Colored with civil rights controversies and torn between numerous economic, cultural and social priorities, America of the 1960-1970s deprived thousands of non-white citizens of their right to equity and acceptance. Hughie Lee-Smith’s Confrontation was created in 1970, to express the brokenness of the racial order in the United States. With no bright colors but smooth texture and clear lines, Hughie Lee-Smith’s Confrontation (1970) reflects the main racial tendencies in 1970s America and expresses the feeling of black isolation against the background of white supremacy. Why Lee-Smith gave the work this particular title is difficult to define. Different people explain the meaning and implications of his work in entirely different ways. On the one hand, Lee-Smith’s picture depicts the act of confrontation between two young ladies and the broken wall of their hopes and beliefs. On the other hand, it seems that bo
Introduction New Financing: Do Credit Agreements Pose Unique Accounting and Disclosure Challenges? Gunther International is the case under consideration that may help to identify the ways of how to report different transactions and events and make financial presentations in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Gunther International and its activities are considered to be the subject of this case; financially, this company has a rocky road that has been already restructured in 1992. The department under discussion faced certain difficulties with discoveries and accounting issues and delayed the report. It turns out to be very important to explain everything and present reliable information in the 8-K filing. The source admits that “the Company continues to maintain a large installed base of customers using its products and believes that its products continue to be well received in the market place.” (Wallace, 2003) Case’s Facts In this case, certain attention is paid to a quite tenuous situation between Gunther International and the creditors. Such a situation is caused because of the reported error that led to “covenant violations on the line of credit held by Bank of Boston.” (Wallace, 2003) Gunther International decides to find some new financing and be able to pay off all the debts and bring the relationship with the Bank of Boston to its logical end. It is necessary that the Controller’s Office, accompanied by the Treasurer’s Department, craft some information in 8-K and release it as soon as possible. The problem is that there are several requirements to keep in mind: disclosure, interdisciplinary considerations, subsequent filings, and the aftermath. This is why to attract the attention of other creditors to the situation at Gunther’s, and