ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Water becomes an increasingly scarce resource worldwide due to overuse and environmental pollution. Baja California water crisis is associated with the two main water resources – the Colorado and Rio Grande, which are shared by the United States and Mexico (www#2). The drought in Ensenada occurs within the last several years, which threatens not only agriculture but also everyday needs of the populations. Historically, the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1993 was the cause that led to the flow of various companies into the region (www#1). The border cities and manufactures expanded, consuming enormous water resources to produce for export. The brewery that is being constructed near the cities of Mexicali and Gallegos by a large corporation is the example of the fact that the situation tends to worsen. The impact on both the population and the ecosystem is extremely negative since scarce water resource restricts washing, drinking, and watering. The farmers are especially concerned with the threat of crop failure, while drought can also violate the natural mechanisms of ecosystems. It is assumed that those ecosystems that have not gone through a full recovery cycle will in the future begin to destroy. Wastewater treatment is suggested as the most cost-effective solution in the event of a water crisis. California needs a long-term transition from industrial agriculture to stable local farming, in which farmers grow and sell food only to those who live in their area (www#3). A more concise use of water by manufacturers is another potential solution. The key controversy related to Baja California water crisis is that corporations want to increase their profit and remain on the region, while the farmers and people understand that it would cause more negative outcomes. Works Cited Agren, David. “ Mexico Protesters Fear US-Owned Brewery Will Drain Their Land Dry. ” The Guardian . 2018. Web. “ Baja California Residents Suffering Water Crisis. ” BNAmericas . 2016. Web. Dibble, Sandra. “ Baja California Farmers Confront Prospect of Water Shortage. ” Los Angeles Times , 2015. Web.
Abstract An attempt has been made in this paper to comprehend the budgeting process of the organization named Wolfenden Concrete Ltd. in relation to make link between interactive and diagnostic aspect of the budgeting control process. The role of budgeting control process has been discussed with a view to generalise the planning, control and responsibility accounting. The effectiveness of budgeting of the Organization has been elucidated linking with the role of budget. The recommendations have been drawn bearing in mind that of modern accounting system. Introduction Burchell et al, (1980) has pointed out the multiple roles Budgets and argued that budgets can play an interactive role where they are treated for learning as an exchange of ideas and idea creation machine. Budgets also have a diagnostic role, which refers to the conventional purposes of responsibility accounting and performance management. They also added” The relation between strategic change and performance will be moderated by the extent to which budgets are used interactively” Being business world sophisticated and intricate, the budget one of the pivotal accounting tools, helps control over company’s future activities and obstructs any unfavorable incident in the market caused by any uncertainty. In that case the companie
Mental disorder and transsexual behavior relationship has long history. This association has been described in Greek mythology as well as in Hinduism. It was during nineteenth century that ‘sexual identity disorder’ started to be discussed as a new concept. French and German psychiatrists used transsexual phenomenon as part of sexual perversions. But it was in the middle of the twentieth century (1949) that the name transsexualism was fixed for this disorder for the first time by Cauldwell and after a few years Benjamin in the US and then Delay in France described it as an exclusively separate group of psychiatric problems distinct from others. It has been described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders –IV (DSM-IV) as perturbation should exist continuously for at least two years without other mental disorder and International Classification of Disorders – 10 (ICD –10) mentions diagnostic criteria for transsexualism as exclusion of other disorders, especially schizophrenia, along with its presence. This is because sexual delusions are frequent phenomena of schizophrenia. According to DSM-IV, schizophrenia is far more frequent psyciatrist problem as compared to Gender Identity Disorde (GID). Based on this rarity, it becomes even more infrequent that these two disorders exist together. Because of rare coexistence, literature also does not support in this regard. Only two case reports have been published on schizophrenia and transsexualism. Sexual behavior problems are usually exhibited by schizophrenic patients. Unmarried male individuals are more prone to delusions of sex change. It is important that other sociodemographic factors do not show this much strong predilection for these disorders. ‘Pseudosexxual’ delusions have got four categories; one of these, delusions of belonging to the opposite sex has received more attention for its association between transsexualism and schizophrenia. These delusions of sex change at times have been found to be associated with genital sensory hallucinations also. Patients can also state the feeling that someone has got an intention to have intercourse with her or him. Acute psychotic exacerbations are the time when these sex change delusions or hallucinations are present and can be observed. Because of an intense desire for changing physical appearance especially in schizophrenic patients, and they may go upto self-castration. Patents with transsexual disorders may have desire for sex change and this happens when ps
Health information technology is a branch of information technologies that deals with the shortage of medical information and data, their exchange and usage in order to provide healthcare organizations with communication and help them arrive at a decision. Today health information technologies become more and more popular, as they improve the quality of healthcare. In connection with this, the number of hospitals that use these technologies increased recently. Healthcare organizations tend to apply information technologies to reduce the time needed for standards of care and evidence-based protocols. They also hope that this will bring down the price. Unfortunately, now the profit of health information technology is under the question, as yet it is not clearly seen whether the finances invested in their development can be fully returned (Zelman, McCue, Millikan, & Glick, 2003). Information technology is considered to be one of the most expensive elements in any company. It needs great funding but does not provide the organization with products. Thus, it can be called a cost center, which means that no direct profit is produced and extra spending is added (Gray, 2010). This suggests that information technologies should be managed as an expense to be controlled. It is essential for the company to clearly understand what services it needs. Then more attention will be paid to the details, the system will be eliminated or upgraded at the proper time and without superfluities. By spending less, the organization will gain an appropriate service. According to the data provided by Intermountain Health Care, approximately 3.5 percent of the operating costs and 18 percent of capital spending are taken by information technologies. As a rule, organizations apply some systems of control and measure this department to reduce its expenditures and increase benefits (CFO Research Services, 2004). Intermountain Health Care’s Probst claims that information technology is very helpful. It allowed them to discuss different problems and find the best way of solution together. Taking this into consideration, health information technology can be managed as a mechanism for revenue growth. Of course, these technologies help to provide customers with certain services, and companies get more income relying on them. Some savings can also be found, as information technologies are able to gather people from different locations and substitute real-life communication. The information can be collected on the storage mediums, which seems to be cheaper and more convenient than a great number of paper ones. The majority of service operations that are provided by hospitals are not technical ones, but they depend upon technology. With the help of them, the organizations can quickly respond to their customers and calculate the cost of providing services. However, the fact that a lot of money is spent on the development and improvement of information technologies is also weighty. Rapid progress in this sphere makes people change the equipment th
Introduction This is a descriptive essay on a national park. I chose a national park situated in a country which is well known for its fauna and flora to make the whole descriptive process great and beautiful. Nairobi National Park receives thousands of tourists from Europe and America; they flock into this country to admire the natural beauty of the national park. The free roaming wildlife and beautiful scenery at the park provide a great opportunity for a beautiful descriptive essay to be written. Nairobi National Park Nairobi national park was the fist to be established in Kenya in 1946 during the British colonial reign in the then East Africa region. The national park sits on a vast piece of land covering over 117 square kilometers. It is surrounded by an electric fence all round to contain the animals within the park and keep off poachers and any other intruders. The park can be accessed through seven gates though two are only used by the Kenya Wildlife Services officials only. The park has an animal orphanage where young animals left behind by their parents are kept: life at the park is survival for the fittest and if, for instance, a zebra is ambushed by a leopard it has to outrun the leopard otherwise it turns into a good leopard food. The position of the park is very strategic as it only takes less than ten minutes drive to be at the downtown of the capital city. For international visitors, the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport can be used and for those with light aircrafts the Wilson airstrip will be handy. The park offers extremely beautiful features; all around within the park are trees of different species with different characteristics, there are thick bushes and the grass is either green or dry depending on the season at hand. With a pair of binocular, birds can be seen hovering over the bushes with some trying to outdo each other through their songs. If the binoculars has sharp lens, then you are likely to see a race between a bird and an insect with the bird defeating its prey in most cases. If you project your eyes beyond the horizon of the park you will see Nairobi’s tall buildings. If you farther raise you head up you will see a light aircraft passing over the park on its way to an airstrip which is nearby. The park is relatively dry but has a rich collection of fauna and flora. There are streams which run through the park and more often than not animals are witnessed coming to quench their thirst at these streams. This happens most in the afternoons when the sun is a bit strong. The Park Flora and Fauna The park environment mainly consists of an open plain consisting of grass with an average height of one meter from the ground. It is like hundreds of soccer pitches laid next
Executive Summary Orange is a leading mobile phone network service provider in UK. The company has succeeded in the market due to its strong brand image, ability to offer a variety of products and the use of innovative distribution channels. UK’s mobile phone industry is characterized with intense competition, high regulation, saturation and slow growth. These threats have negatively affected mobile phone network operators. Orange for instance, has experienced a reduction in subscriptions and market share. Thus, Orange should implement an effective marketing strategy in order to improve its competitiveness. In particular, appropriate marketing objectives should be pursued, the marketing mix, as well as, segmentation, targeting and positioning should be improved. Marketing Strategy for a UK Branded Mobile Phone Network Provider Introduction In this report, a marketing strategy will be developed for Orange Ltd. Orange is a leading mobile phone network provider in the United Kingdom (UK). The essence of the report is to enable the management of Orange to understand the dynamics of the UK mobile phone market. It will also help in developing products that will enable the company to remain competitive and profitable. The report begins with a situational analysis of the UK mobile phone market. Recommendations on how to adapt Orange’s marketing strategy to the current situation will then be highlighted. Terms of Reference Background The UK mobile phone market is characterized with intense competition and slow growth. Consequently, mobile phone network providers must develop effective marketing strategies in order to overcome the competition. Purpose In this report, a situational analysis will be conducted on the UK mobile phone market. Based on this analysis, recommendations will be made on how Orange can enhance its competitiveness through an effective marketing strategy. Scope The report will include a detailed analysis of the external environment, as well as, the internal environment of Orange. The recommendations will focus only on the marketing strategy. Methodology The external environment will be analyzed using the PESTEL framework, while the internal environment will be analyzed using the SWOT analysis. Recommendations will be made with the aid of marketing concepts such as 7 P’s, segmentation, targeting and positioning. Secondary data will be used for the analysis. Limitations The main limitation is the difficulty in finding accurate and latest information about Orange and the UK mobile phone industry. Thus, the statistics used in the report are assumed to be accurate. Situational Analysis PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analysis is a tool used by marketers to study the macro-environmental factors that influence competition in a given industry. These factors include political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. Political Factors Political factors are the government policies that affect the operation of businesses in a given country. The UK is one of the most politically stable countries in Europe (Jain 2007, pp. 471-492). The country is governed through a constitutional monarchy. The political stab
Introduction Public relations is the procedure of checking the flow of information between an institution and its community. Public relations provide an institution or people publicity to their audiences through issues of public interest and news that does no need any direct payment. Such activities are like talking in seminars, working with the media and employee communication. These are things that are not tangible and that is what makes it different from advertising. Public relations can be used to create communication among employees, customers, voters or the public at large. Any company that values how it is viewed in the public eye must use some level of public relations. (Bernays, 1945) Body Public relation is a subject that has been around for a long period but major developments occurred around the 20 th century. The development in different areas including interpersonal communication, arts, literature, staged events and publicity has advanced at this period. In the beginning of 1900, Henry Ford was known for two fundamental public relations ideas. He put forward the concept of positioning which means that publicity will be recognized to anyone who initiates something. He also advocated for ease of access to the media. President Theodore Roosevelt widely made use of publicity through conferences and interviews. He also made use of presidential tour for publicity and advocacy. (Seitel, 2007) Ivy lee was a public relations counselor and in 1906, modern public relations began when he was employed by the coal manufacturing and got involved in a strike. The miners supervisors were speaking with the media while the coal owners’ stayed away from the press. This is when Lee confronted the leaders to change their stand and he issued “Declaration of Principles” which led to the age of free publicity for businesses. In 1914, Lee was employed by industrialist John D. Rockefeller where the “Ludlow Massacre” strike occurred and Lee had Rockefeller speak with the media. He also invented the New York Subway poster chain in 1916. (Seitel, 2007) Edward Bernays, his wife and Doris Fleischman in the early 1920’s were able to advance the value of public relations counseling. In 1923, he wrote an influential book “Crystallizing Public relations” that formed the basis to modern public relations counsel. George Creel developed comprehensive public relations programs for President Woodrow Wilson cabinet. He managed to influence the newspapers to give free space for advertising of War Liberty Bonds. This became a success and thus led to creation of awareness to the Americans of the influence tha
Executive Summary Polaroid Company was founded in the year 1943 by Edwin Land. The company was mainly involved with instant photography, a kind of its own which has not been experienced in the period before. Since its foundation, the company had experienced tremendous growth with new innovations that made photography even easier. Such innovations include the introduction of SX-70 that brought the company to the limelight winning accolades from respectable papers, such as, the Times and the FORTUNE. The company’s main success was attributed to its founder whom as indicated by Elkan Blout, a Harvard professor, had the ability to differentiate a good idea and a good product but time came when he started losing this and when he lost, it was very difficult for him and this led to difficulties in the company. He stepped down as the CEO in 1980 and died 11 years later and since his death Polaroid seems to have entered into a den of problems. Hundreds of the company employees have become jobless while thousands of others fear for their pensions with the Polaroid appearing to have been declared obsolete. The company problems not only originated from its over reliance on film technology (which was being dropped for the cheaper and advanced digital technology) but also the disorganization and conflict within the company on how to introduce and market their new digital imagery technology (which they were trying to introduce). With the company having relied heavily on film sales for their profits, reduced sales meant that growth stagnated and the company made losses, which eventually led to its filing for bankruptcy. Introduction The Polaroid Company was founded by Edwin Land in 1943. It was the first company to introduce instant photography (Whitford, 2001). The story goes that while on a vacation with his daughter, Jennifer; the daughter wondered why after her father took the photos why they could not have them instantly. This made Land, her father, wonder the same and the ideas to make her daughter wild imagination come to work materialized that same afternoon. Land solved all the technical problems which he could, except those which he carried from 1943 until 1972. By 1948, Land had expanded his production and he had the Model95, which was selling at$89.95 (Whitford, 2001). Land and his brilliant researchers continued with successful growth making more advanced models as years followed. His best of the inventions was the introduction of the SX-70 camera which was a marvel innovation that won crowns from notable magazines such as the Time, Life and FORTUNE. SX-70 was a whole bundle of inventions equipped even with a new film that dispensed with the need of timers and peel away negatives, which produced a color print right before your eyes (Whitford, 2001). One of the Land’s strength as noted by Elkan Blout, a Harvard university professor, was his ability to differentiate a good idea and a good product. But at one of his times, Land started losing this ability to differentiate as it was accounted with the introduction of
This essay presents a review of the book ‘The Social Life of Information,’ by J Brown and Paul Duguid. People expect numerous changes to take place in their lives due to advancements in technology and the advent of information age. The manner in which human beings perform their activities has changed significantly due to technology. However, Brown and Duguid argue that it is not possible for technology to change every aspect of human life. The book provides two critical arguments. First, it underscores the importance of information literacy. The authors advocate for a more reflexive application of information since human beings cannot entirely rely on information transmission due to the complex nature of information. For example, they highlight use of software tools to search for information although most users do not understand the limitations associated with the software tools. As a result, they end up getting deficient information. The authors give various examples to show that social work environment is important to human beings. They argue that working in a lonely environment that lacks fixed space can be stressful. They further explain the importance of casual workplace relationships in enhancing work performance. Through such relationships, workers are able to assist their colleagues to deal with minor issues that emerge from time to time. Individuals who have experienced certain problems play an important role in helping their colleagues to find solutions once they find themselves in similar problems. Most of the workplace problems seem insignificant, but failure to address them affects productivity. The authors discourage use of computerized systems or specific manuals to solve problems. Life is difficult and it would be impossible to reduce it to problems that can be solved through computerized systems. There are thousands of variables in life, which make different situations to appear distinct. The implication is that different ways of addressing the situations should be used. Human beings can analyze different variations of solutions to specific problems and use them to s