ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Concept of the Book The book, A Raisin in the Sun, clearly Lorraine Hansberry’s masterpiece, presents a 1950s life of a family- the Youngers; the family is caught up with individualism as they make decisions regarding money acquired from insurance. Between racial constrictions, the family struggles with identity of the American dream as it casts back a view on Africa. The progression of the story has a family collapsing to individual conflicting decisions. But amidst of the differences in interest, the family believes and depends on ‘togetherness’ as the key to its success. Masculinist Stereotypes, Distortions and Missions in Male Dominated Literature as Displayed in the Book Lorraine Hansberry wrote the play at a period when feminism was obviously a contending issue in human society, particularly in the Western World- during the 1960s. As such, as an effort to ‘carry women along’, three (3) of the characters in the play; Ruth, Mama and Benetha, who are all ladies, were significantly engaged in family decision making. By extension, these ladies supported the family greatly contrary to the role played by Walter. The story consciously confines the characters within a local home, and equally restricts the characters’ social performances – thus, in a way gives all characters the same degree of freedom in decision making. This, as an illustration, sees a certain Beneatha become rather determined to be a physician; against all monetary challenges the family faced. It is clear from all indications that Mama has a leading voice in the family, despite the conflicts of the family to resolving to unified decisions. The statement “there is still a god in my mothers house” (Hansberry 19) directed at Benetha by Mama is no doubt a leading voice. In the same way, in Act I scene i, where Beneatha argued about the lack of support to the family by God, Mama was proactive in cautioning that no such words or assertions be made in her own home (Hansberry 13). The adaptation of symbolism in the play equally has helped immensely in curbing masculinist stereotypes and distortions. The fundamentally used symbols included Walter’s liquor-store, Mama’s plant, as well as Ruth’s expectant child. At the end, Mama’s plant overshadows the other imagery used in the story. From an analytical point of view, A Raisin in the Sun may be seen as having identified in clear contexts masculine discriminations- particularly as regarding decision making in a male dominated family setting. The play particularly resolves the fact that decision making is not necessarily a gender based matter. As such, any me
After taking office, US President Barack Obama has taken up a different direction on food safety. He demeaned the earlier food safety system of the USA which was decades-old and not suitable for our modern times. To him, the old safety system was hazardous for the health of the public and thus, needed a complete overhauling. He started with the modernization of the safety standards by appointing a new chief for the US Federal Food and Drug Administration, Dr. Margaret Hamburg. The direction taken by President Barack Obama is completely different from the earlier food safety measures given in the article. Earlier restaurants did not bother to check whether the meat given in hamburgers had become stale or not. Due to this a lot of people had to suffer from Escherichia coli which is very harmful to humans and can even result in their death. Meat providers even used downer cattle as a supple of meat even though they were sick and has a high chance of getting mad cow disease. President Barack Obama has already announced that slaughtering of downer cattle for food supply will be banned and the cattle to be used will have to undergo special veterinary inspections. (Schlosser, 331-338) President Barack Obama’s new directions regarding the safety of people are different than the ones discussed in this chapter because earlier USA’s food safety system was too dispersed making it extremely difficult for the health inspectors to share information among themselves or help each other in solving problems. But now he has created the Food Safety Working Group so that the food safety laws can be coordinated and he can obtain advice from the government regarding the various updates on food safety. Also, earlier when the American population suffered from food poisoning incidences, no one made any reports and no diagnoses were carried out. But with the advancements of medical sciences today and President Barack Obama’s Food Safety Working Group, reporting and diagnoses has been made very easy to carry out and keep track of. This department has also been created so that the food safety laws that were created during the term of President Theodore Roosevelt, but which were never implemented, could be properly enforced and coordinated throughout the government so as to safeguard the common people from deadly diseases. Another difference between President Barack Obama’s direction and those given in the article is that earlier the federal departments responsible for upholding the food safety system of the USA were complexly under-funded and understaffed due to which they were left unable to annually inspect the warehouses and food processing plants all over the country. But under President Barack Obama’s leadership, all of these have changed since he
1. From a utilitarian point of view, how does ethical relativism play a potential role in issues facing multinational corporations? As a U.S. citizen, believing in “western” values, would you be obliged to attempt to change some of the discriminatory practices in Saudi Culture? The definition of the term business ethics has been a subject of continuous debate with many business practitioners arguing from different perspective about its actual definition and scope. One of the argued definitions has been put forward by Jones, Parker and Bos (2005) who have defined the term ethics as what is good or bad. Therefore, the scope of business ethics has to do with what is good or bad in business (p. 2). They however argue that this is a shallow definition of a term that has deeper implications, as “businesses ethics needs to take itself much more serious” (p 3). The argument here points to the fact that such a term as ethics which deals with the morality of vice versus virtue has a “transparent meaning” and cannot be left to such shallow definition (p 6). This is because such terms as good and bad have relative meaning and their implication depends on the context and environment in question. Velasquez (2001) come up with a definition explaining that business ethics is “is a form of applied ethics in any undertaking that may be defined as business” (p 2). This paper will attempt to explain the implication of the term business ethics bearing in mind the relativity of the meaning of the term ethics in a business venture. As earlier mentioned the term business ethics has been defined from different perspective. However, in this paper the highlight shall be to view it from the utilitarian perspective. Utilitarianism is a school of thought that argues that an action is weighed against the implications and the benefits of such an action. Raj (n. d) defines utilitarianism as “an intelligent way of thinking about the consequences of an action” before it is undertaken (p 32). Sen and Williams (1982) define it as a criterion of public action. Utilitarianism assumes that it is possible to quantify the amount of good from an action and measure it against the amount of bad resorting from that action. Business action is only ethically correct if the amount of good produced by it, out weighs the amount of bad it produces. The utilitarian perspective still brings as down to good versus bad (p 8). In dealing with good and bad, the concept of justice and rights comes to play. The problem with this approach is that utilitarianism cannot deal with moral aspects justice and peoples rights. For example, an action such enquiring people to follow a certain dress code at the work place may “be morally right but violate people’s rights” (p 9). To avoid such violations by the American multinationals, an improved version of the rule
Introduction Thesis statement: According to Andrews, the decline that the Roman Empire suffered in fourth to the fifth century was – as believed by numerous historians – caused by a multitude of different factors: invasions, economic crises, overextended military expenses, and many others (1). Other researchers also included in this list such causes as the decline in moral amongst the military forces, corruption, cross-cultural influences, and citizens of the major cities suffering from multiple illnesses. Numerous types of research present their vision of the most troublesome periods in the history of Rome. The important thing to notice is the diversity of opinions. This may lead one to assume that the most important factor is, in fact, none of the mentioned. While some of them contributed to the outcome more and others less, all of the factors played their role. Also, one has to keep in mind that different factors were approached and evaluated differently across the history of this debate. Factors It is necessary to understand how complex the Roman culture was to grasp the picture of the Roman Empire’s decline thoroughly. The Empire was a union of interconnected and inseparable institutions and organizations with a sophisticated pattern of relationships between governmental administration and the Roman people. Multiple sources state that the Roman Empire had been facing a decline since the first century AD. Some philosophers believed that the imperial structure of Rome in itself caused it to steadily come undone. However, in its better times, the Empire was prospering, and its citizens lived in peace and under the protection of a significant military force that could overwhelm any threat. Despite all of its military potential, the Empire faced an enemy that it could defeat so easily. The enemy was the Empire itself. The civil wars (180-285 AD) resulted in disastrous consequences. Almost twenty-five out of the twenty-seven emperors and their heirs were brutally murdered. This disruption of order and decline in the military potential and morale led barbarians to use this state of the Empire to their advantage. They began to raid the Empire’s borders pillaging and killing everyone in their wake. Agriculture met an immediate decline because of the destruction of a significant number of cultivated lands. Thus, the economy faced an imbalance. Many farmers had to recreate their homesteads, and the middle class suffered from hunger and poverty. As a result, many moneylenders benefited from the immigrants of the Roman Empire that had to leave their country to find a better life for themselves. Since Rome was in such a devastated economic condition, immig
Introduction Health tourism has increasingly become very popular in the modern society where the middle class is racing against time. Freeman (112) defines health tourism as a travel to a specific tourist destination with a major aim of receiving medical treatment. It involves addressing two very important needs without having to travel to different destinations. According to Christensen and Dillon (20), although the term health tourism is a relatively new term, the practice has been in existence for centuries, especially among the wealthy families across Europe, Americas, and Asia. However, many governments have not always considered that this could be an industry that should be viewed as different from others. Things are now changing as the economists have come to recognize the difference in those who travel purposefully to tour the world and those who tour the world, but with the main intention of getting medical assistance. According to a research by Fred and Forest (61), France was once one of the most preferred destinations for tourists who were seeking for medical assistance. However, this trend is slowly changing due to the emergence of cheaper and more effective medical services in South East Asia. Singapore and Dubai are some of the tourist destinations that are becoming popular for people who are seeking medical health. According to Miller (44), Singapore is known for its effective and affordable cancer treatment. It has one of the best healthcare systems in the world, with hospitals which are effectively equipped and properly staffed. Dubai is known for its infrastructural developments and a healthcare system that is heavily funded by the state. Other than the beautiful sceneries in the city, tourists can also get superior healthcare products offered at the public and private hospitals. In this paper, the researcher will analyze health tourism in Dubai and that offered in Singapore. Discussion Singapore and Dubai are some of the Asian countries that have emerged as the preferred destination for tourists who are seeking medical help. In this section, the researcher will compare the performance of this sector in these two countries. Analyzing health tourism in Dubai and that in Singapore may require effective tools of analysis that can facilitate the comparison. Five Forces Model of Competition Porter’s Five Forces Model is one of the most commonly used tools when analyzing a company or any industry. This tool will help in the analysis of health tourism in the two countries. The biggest threats that an industry can face is the threat of new entrants. Many countries in Asia, Europe, Americas, and even Africa are trying to modernize their healthcare systems to attract tourists who are seeking medical services. This threat may affect both countries in equal measure because their neighbors also have efficient healthcare services. Figure 1: Five Forces Model The threat of substitutes is real in this industry. According to Jeffs (126), when a tourists travels to a country for medical treatment, he will
As the most prolific work of architecture, the National Air and Space Museum is considered to be one of Washington DC’s most important displays of the current modern architecture. It was designed by Gyo Obata and the building comprises four tubes that connect to three atriums. The museum was designed as four plain travertine-encased cubes that contain both smaller and highly theoretical exhibits that are connected by three steel as well as glass atriums which are highly spacious. The three atriums house larger exhibits like missiles, spacecraft and airplanes. The museum houses various important vestiges of air as well as space flight. It includes a model of Pioneer 10 which is the first space probe to depart the solar system. This was the novel Spirit of St. Louis plane that took Charles Lindbergh across the larger Atlantic. There is also the original Flayer, which is one of the planes that started it all by taking the Wright brothers into the air at Kitty Hawk. There is even a flight simulator in case one is in position to perform barrel rolls within the simulated fighters of World War II. (Moeller & Weeks 2001). Thematic Exhibition Galleries There are twenty three thematic exhibition galleries divisions within the museum that have names such as Pioneer Flight, Milestones of Flight, Space Race and Aviation in WWII. There are also interactive exhibits together with a 230-seat planetarium of Albert Einstein as well as the Langley IMAX Theater where one can be able to watch movies that involve breathtaking on a five stored screen. The museum also comprises a larger annex which is the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center that is located close to Dulles Airport. It was opened in December 15, 2003. The flight milestones such as Write 1903 Flyer Earhart’s Lockheed Vega, the craft that took the astronauts into space and the Bell X-1 Glamorous Glennis are all available here. There exist other lesser known but very important workhorses of both commercial as well as aviation military for instance Douglas DC-3, the Piper J-3 Cub and the North American P-51 Mustang. The Air and Space Museum is the most popular in the whole world. The building is reasonably dignified and certainly imposing. It is laudable mainly for being out of the way. It allows the inspiring artifacts of the museum to articulate for themselves. The issue of hanging many of the airplanes from the trusses is due to the fact that there was innovative design move that was employed at a significant scale. The exterior of the museum has it own level of attraction. Architect Gyo Obata managed to designed north façade as a sequence of analytical and recessed bays. The pattern of the bays was geometrically supported by the National Gallery. It is a kind of a version that is abstracted of the yin together with yang. There is sharing of the typical Tennessee marble between the two buildings. The dark horizontal recesses at the top of the museum’s blocks have a similar slit in the Hirshhorn that is in the next door (Moeller & Weeks, 2001). In the year 1988, a restaur
Bureaucracy is one of the oldest forms of leadership and it is a commonly used tool of management. Quintessential bureaucratic organizations operate in accordance with fixed official duties under a hierarchy of authority and by applying a system of rules to be used in decision making” (Peters 76). Bureaucracy as a system of governance and leadership has been effective in some organizations although it is often criticized for suppressing creativity among individuals. This opinion personal reflection is a discussion on how bureaucracy influences my leadership experience. Bureaucratic organizations can ensure success because they eliminate instances of collision between several centers of power. For instance, the success of the military depends on how orders travel from the commander-in-chief to the foot soldiers. Consequently, without a bureaucratic system this goal would be difficult to achieve. Another benefit of the bureaucratic system is that it is very easy for the leaders to institute and implement policies. Leaders who operate under bureaucratic systems have the opportunity to bring change to their organizations faster than those who operate under democratic or hybrid models. After exploring the bureaucratic systems, I have come to realize that my leadership competencies would align better with a hybrid system that incorporates both bureaucracy and democracy. Modern democratic systems are trailing behind when it comes to progress and implementation of policies (Choo 330). Consequently,
Popular American culture can be defined as a combination of different phenomena that are generally acceptable to a majority of people in a given society. It can also be referred to as a set of ideas that appear in people’s day-to-day life.it generally occurs among a group of people with a given common perception of a given phenomenon, for instance, the perspectives and attitudes (Michael 2000). The American popular culture is perceived to have been greatly influenced by mass media which is a very common phenomenon in a majority of people’s day-to-day life and which has generally been accepted among a vast majority. The mass media has of late become under serious criticism from other cultural sources especially the religious group who refers to it as a corruptor of human minds. The American popular culture is also viewed by some groups as a culture that was once liked by a majority of the American population and that which no longer perceived as to be modern. It can also be perceived as the culture of the majority of people in the united states of America. culture can either be liked by a given group while strongly be opposed to another faction of the population who do not readily accept change and strongly views it as an agent of erosion to the existing one. Popular cultures are thought to be caused by the direct effects of industrialization and urban revolution (Walcott 2005). Popular culture has vastly helped many people either perfect their existing talents or acquire new talents. John Mc Grath, the popular folk taller is for instance perceived as one of the beneficiaries of the popular American culture which he always uses in narrating his folk tales. Popular culture in America undergoes a series of changes with time and season and from one point to another. This has thereafter led to its gradual increase in complexity and perceptions in societal values in several forms. The popular American culture is believed to have strongly emerged after the second world war, which strongly enabled its spread to other parts of the world. This saw most news replaced by entertainment on a wider global basis. This is also perceived to have diluted what had always been aired by the popular television station (Anderson 2000)… Popular American culture provides several benefits in terms of values and lessons which are always adopted by a majority of people. popular culture helps an individual to develop better interactive skills for instance in the case of a folklore narration it enhances one interactive skill to his audience, it also helps the narrator to hold the suspense of his audience and at what point to relieve them of the suspense thereby keeping his audience in the tale (Walcott 2005). The American popular culture also provides the aspect of entertainment to its people.for instan
Introduction An article titled “The United States Should Promote Democracy in Africa” provides a transcript of the speech given to the US Senate by Feingold Russ in which he argues that the United States should actively promote the process of building democracy in numerous African countries that are currently struggling because of the erosion of freedoms. According to Feingold’s website, he represented the State of Wisconsin in the US Senate for eighteen years (Russ for Wisconsin par. 2). In his capacity as a senator, he has visited 72 counties of the state providing support for Wisconsinites and promoting their rights (Russ for Wisconsin par. 4). Taking into consideration the fact that Feingold has served as Special Envoy of the United States for the Great Lakes Region of Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo at the State Department, it could be argued that he has enough authority to speak about the state of democracy in Africa (Russ for Wisconsin par. 7). Analysis The senator notes that both previous and current administrations have been committed to the task of assisting every nation that is moving towards sustainable democracy. He stressed that even though many African nations have achieved significant democratic strides, there is still a serious threat to the existence of the representative government of the continent (Feingold 38). Taking into consideration that elections are an essential part of democracy, it is necessary to monitor the election process in numerous African countries in order to minimize the harmful influence of wealthy interests on voting outcomes. Feingold expresses his concern over the state of democracy in Darfur which has not held multiparty elections in 24 years (Feingold 38). The senator also highlights the political situation in Ethiopia which is notorious for reducing democratic space since 2005 (Feingold 38). He is especially worried about a law called the Charities and Societies Proclamation that has been passed b