ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The economic terms supply chain management and operations management are interconnected; the former is an integral part of the latter. SCM is a set of well-organized processes, which includes integrating effective planning and all participants, the right combination of suppliers, distributors, manufacturers, and sellers. All parts of the mechanism are designed to work organically in order to generate income. OM is responsible for the deliberate transformation of materials, information, or customers, also aimed at the successful functioning of the entire production chain. The article “London Southend Airport: Bosses ‘agnostic’ as Ryanair closes commercial base” aims to inform about the company’s incorrect strategy in terms of SCM, which led to reducing one of the commercial bases. Due to the world situation of the pandemic, the company had to make concessions to prevent the spread of infection, which include restricted flights, flight cancellations, and new restrictions related to new realities. “Ryanair” initially operated with two aircraft, but the performance was further impacted after the cutbacks caused by the pandemic (Casey, 2021). The well-established management concept, consisting of an integrated approach to planning and managing all flows of products and services, production processes of the enterprise, was changed. As a result, the airline suffered losses and announced the need to close its commercial base. To conclude, in order for the commercial bases of airlines to be confident in the economic effect of the services provided, they need to not only adhere to OM / SCM strategies. The primary operations can be to reduce costs and meet the demand for final products and services, implying effective planning. It is also necessary to consider the constantly changing complexity of the market and economic parameters today in connection with the pandemic, what failed to do the company in the analyzed case. Reference Casey, D. (2021). London Southend Airport: Bosses ‘agnostic’ as Ryanair closes commercial base . BBC News.
Discussion Multinational corporations operate in environments where they deal with different cultures. Multinationals serve customers from various cultures and their workforce is also culturally diverse. The management has to deal with the diverse culture of the organizations to succeed in the global scene. The challenges that managers encounter when managing diversity will be assessed in chapter two of this article. Literature review Multinationals are firms that are spread out in other countries other than the mother country. A multinational organization has its headquarters in one country, which is known as the home country, and then other branches in different countries known as the host countries. Multinationals are classified into four categories. The first category is the decentralized corporations. These are multinationals that give the branches at the host countries the power to make decisions and conduct their own operations independently. The multinational branches in the host countries should have a strong local presence for them to be given the mandate to make their own decisions. The second category is the global centralized corporations. These are corporations whose control is given to one group, usually the headquarters in the home country. All operations of the organizational groups are centralized. All the costs and decisions are made at the central group. The group can be located in an area where there are cheap resources to minimize costs. The third category is the international company that builds on the parent corporation’s technology. The parent corporation in this case is usually the source of technology. The other group organizations source technology from the parent and build on it. Finally, there is the transnational enterprise that combines the previous three approaches. Such organizations have some duties that are centralized, while others build on the parent corporation’s technology. There have been changes in the workplace of multinationals over the last couple of years. According to Early and Gibson (2002:15), the most noteworthy changes are two. The first is the scope and concentration with which the market has been internationalized, while the second is that there has been reformation of companies. In the setting up of firms internationally, “open borders, bringing together of business regulations, pan-European strategic management, and the single currency have speeded up European economic amalgamation” (Mercado et al. 2001: 476). These have facilitated the mobility of people across Europe and in the world. Multinationals ought to be as flexible and dynamic as possible in their operations. Teamwork is also paramount. Flexibility is felt to be particularly important in this globalised business world since parts of a company may be “formed, disbanded and reformed to respond rapidly to changing business needs comprising members from different countries, different company locations and different teams” (Earley
Introduction An ad hoc network can be defined as a set of wireless mobile communication devices that can establish a temporary network without using a centralized network administration or available physical connections such as wired networks. An environment like this imposes the need for a single mobile node to enlist all the other hosts when the node is transmitting a packet to the required destination, because of the limitation imposed by the transmission range associated with wireless networks (Bulent & Wendi, 2010). This implies that each of the nodes in an ad hoc network does not only function as a host, but also plays the role of a router for packet forwarding to other mobile nodes within the ad hoc network (Meghanathan, 2010). Therefore, every node in the ad hoc network is involved in the routing protocol, which facilitates the detection of multi-hop paths in the network to other mobile nodes (Hoang, 2006). Background The use of the MANET for commercial purposes is gaining popularity due to the self-maintenance and self-configuration characteristics of the MANETs (Molva & MIchiardi, 2003). The initial design of the MANET emphasized on the problems associated with access by means of wireless channel and multi-hop routing. The security vulnerabilities of the MANET are a principal concern with respect to the provision of secure communication among the mobile nodes in a hostile environment. Current studies on wireless communication have revealed that the Wireless Mobile ad hoc network has high levels of security vulnerability compared to traditional wired and wireless networks (Khan, 2011). Types of Security Attacks in Manets The Mobile ad hoc networks that are presently used are vulnerable to various forms of attacks. Despite the fact that these v
Data gathering process and what went wrong Data collection process for the study pertaining to the imperativeness of integrating the app booking system in the taxi industry in UK was effected appropriately. This was through the use of interviews and questionnaires. The techniques enabled the respondents who included taxi users and drivers to give their views promptly (Kothari, 2005, p, 107). This facilitated the establishment of the challenges that they face and their views on the new booking system that is to be introduced. Data collected was administered by the researcher to establish their completeness and factual nature. Then, data analysis was executed by the use of pertinent software’s that include Ms Word and Excel. However, there were evident anomalies that threatened to compromise the credibility of the process. The complications that were detected in prior would have affected the reliability of the findings if proper mitigation plans would have not been adopted. For instance, one noticeable complication was the limited number of respondents or sample size selected for the study. Although the sample size was meant to serve the purposive nature of the study, it could not give adequate and comprehensive results. This was evident since the sample size did not give the researcher an opportunity to obtain a wide range of views to facilitate proper drawing of findings. This was one aspect of the data gathering process that was poorly done since it limited the scope of response (Kothari, 2005, p, 110). Secondly, proper establishment of literacy levels of the respondents and their capacity to communicate in English especially online respondents was not done excellently. Language complications resulted to misunderstanding between the researcher and the respondents. This was a limiting factor since some international taxi users could not give pertinent answers relating to the questions presented as required (Kothari, 2005, p, 112). Indeed, the questions were supposed to be presented in different languages to enable the respondents to understand and give quality response. Lessons learnt from the data gathering process As noted, various lessons were learnt from the gathering process during the study on the significance of app system. Firstly, a researcher must ensure that effective data gathering techniques and processes are put in place. This is essential in ensuring proper engagement with the respondents to obtain reliable results (Kothari, 2005, p, 113). That is poor data gathering techniques cannot yield best results in any research study. Therefore, the user of interview, questionnaires proved to be viable techniques for the study. Secondly, the questions that are presented to the respondents should be well designed. They should be simple, straight to the point,
This research proposal’s topic refers to health issues that are caused by poor diets and insufficient physical activity. When people follow these behaviours while they are young, it is possible to expect that their health state will be significantly deteriorating during their ageing processes. Thus, this study offers to research the correlation between popularising healthy behaviours and actual health outcomes. The research question is: Can the promotion of healthy living, including a healthy diet and sufficient physical activity, improve health outcomes in the Singapore youth community? The scientific field offers a few scholarly articles that highlight the necessity to address the health issue in Singapore. Kailasam, Hsann, Vankayalapati and Yang (2019) state that diabetes, stroke, and ischemic heart disease are the leading problems in the country. According to Lim et al. (2019), there is a 74% risk of progression from prediabetes to diabetes in individuals aged 45 years (para. 2). This state of affairs results in severe consequences for the nation. For example, Kailasam et al. (2019) state that Singapore spent more than $1 billion on treating diabetes. That is why there is an economic and social significance to look for possible solutions to the situation. One can say that this topic has been researched to some extent. Lim et al. (2019) admit that regular physical activity and a healthy diet are the most common options. Furthermore, a study by Lim et al. (2020) shows that numerous Singaporean individuals can benefit from healthy education. Finally, Banerjee and Ho (2019) argue that multiple communication variables are suitable ways to promote a healthy lifestyle. This information proves that it is necessary to identify how the Singapore youth community can benefit from the promotion of healthy living. The National Medical Research Council offers the Young Individual Research Grant, and this research project intends to use it. This particular grant was chosen because it focuses on diabetes and cardiovascular diseases
Recall Process With the development of products and technologies, the customers are provided with the ability to purchase a wide range of goods. However, it is worth noting that technologies and innovations are not always considered to be beneficial for a consumer because innovative products can be recalled because of the issues of safety. Food products can also be recalled in case they can potentially harm the person. The primary purpose of the paper is to examine the consumer recall process and discover the companies that sell consumer goods and has had a material recall within five years. Sometimes the companies recall products. It is a common practice; however, it is worth highlighting that the recall of the commodities might affect the reputation of the company. Nevertheless, enterprises should remember that human life should receive the highest priority and concern and should be respected and valued. As soon as the company discovers potential health-related or safety issues that are associated with the usage of the product, the organization should recall the product and announce it publicly (Lyck, 2009). Also, the company provides the clients with the refund or fixes the issue and gives the good back to the customer. According to recent research, over 2,000 products are recalled every year across the United States. Tesla Motors, Sun Noodle, Ford, Royal Frozen Fruit, and Best Foods are one of the examples of the companies that recalled their products within the last five years. Tesla Motors recalled their electric vehicles because of safety issues. The seatbelt in Model S contained possible danger. The process of product recall is rather complicated. For the company to protect the consumers, they need to recall the commodity as quickly as possible for people not to get hurt by the product that is unsafe or can cause damage. The process of recalling the product should be prepared, and the attention of the media is an integral component in this process. The safety requirements are essential to be taken into consideration. The product should be safe and not cause any damage to health; otherwise, it should be recalled (Lussier, Corman, & Kimball, 2015). There are certain legal standards and regulatory ones that coordinate the process. The process of a product recall can be performed according to the following steps, namely:  1. The discovery of the safety issues associated with the product – initiation of the recall process;  2. Determination of the strategies of the recall process and recall classification;  3. Warning the public concerning the safety issues or potential health problems associated with the usage of the product – press release;  4. Audit and control of the product recall process;  5. Termination of the recall process (Vanderbeck & Mitchell, 2015). It is significantly important for the company to make sure that as many people are aware that the product should be recalled as possible. First and foremost, it should be stressed that the reason for public announcement and press releases can be found
In 1889, Vincent Van Gogh once said, “Let’s not forget that the little emotions are the great captains of our lives and we obey them without realizing it (Carnegie 2003 p. 298). The stereotype assumption held for long by the rationalists was that reason and perception are the only reliable ways through which we acquire knowledge. Emotion was thought to hamper decision making as it created confusion and hindered objectivity. Emotions were believed to be disorderly powers capable of interfering drastically with sensible thinking. Thus, it was believed that in order to arrive at lucid judgments, emotions should be completely separated from the process. Focus was more on cognition and logic (Bernstone et al. 1993). This paper seeks to determine how emotions help influence the actions we make through analytical thinking. It seeks to assert that judgment does not abound in isolation. Rather that it is arrived at by people who not only reason but also feel. It seeks to highlight the role played by emotion in our day to day judgments and to ascertain the fact that our decision making processes are highly influenced by our emotional disposition. As Dale Carnegie sums it up, we are not creations of reason but of conscience (Carnegie 2003 p. 298). Yet time after time, we encounter situations in which even the most rational beings make decisions whose nature defeats all logic. What makes people inexplicably fall in love with one person over another? How do we explain when a man of sound mind engages in sexual crimes like rape? While some may attribute this behavior insanity, personal preference, circumstances or provocation, the underlying fact remains that these two categories of people are never forced at gun point to do what they do or act as they do. If it were all about reason, then the people have the mental capacity to stop themselves from falling in love or committing these crimes. The belief by rationalists failed to hail the fact that we are humans, thus emotional in nature and even the most ‘rational’ of all beings can err. They failed to accommodate the fact that emotions do play a role in the decision making process. Emotions are part of human nature as we all instinctively react to phenomena even without being conscious of the fact. That implies that, not all human actions are solely based on thinking and evaluating using our brains. Even without being conscious of it, our feelings do affect the way we perceive things around us (Ansoff, 1965). As human beings, we experience sensations that vary in degree or perception.
Introduction A person’s worldview consists of individual assumptions, presuppositions, and attitudes, many of which are shaped by his or her culture. Cross-cultural counseling is a direction of therapy that aims to identify and explore the similarities and differences across cultural groups. This approach to counseling implies that the awareness of a client’s cultural peculiarities is essential for effective psychological functioning. Although people have a common human nature, they also possess individual values and are impacted by cultural norms, which complicate counseling since even the representatives of the same culture may have different attitudes. The identified topic was chosen for this paper to research different perspectives regarding cross-cultural counseling as the number of mental issues increases, and there is a need to conceptualize how culture impacts one’s behaviors. Conceptualizing Cross-Cultural Counseling Mutual understanding and trust are the key factors for effective counseling as they allow for building relationships between a client and counselor. It is important to emphasize that clients cannot automatically trust counselors, which assigns counselors with the responsibility for demonstrating sensitivity to cultural contexts. In this connection, Pedersen et al. consider that cross-cultural counseling should resonate with a person’s specific worldview to effectively address the existing concerns. 1 One of the key dilemmas that are explored in the literature is related to engagement. For example, if a male counselor can help the client who suffers from her husband’s abuse, or is it appropriate for a White specialist to work with African-Americans on the problems of racial discrimination? These investable differences are discussed by Pedersen et al., who rationally state that counselors should clearly understand cultural differences to ensure the well-being of their clients. 2 The evidence-based foundational perspectives can be used by counselors to answer the above questions, paying attention to particular circumstances. The framework of universalism versus relativism is widely discussed in the academic literature, serving as the dominant perspective within cross-cultural counseling. According to Lomas, universalism implies that there is a common human nature in spite of the fact that people have apparent cultural differences. 3 In terms of universalism, research focuses on collecting data from large-scale surveys to identify contextual factors that determine people’s well-being, including social capital, public health, relationships, and income. On the contrary, relativism is interested in understanding normative behaviors in the context of a certain culture. Lonner supports the idea of opposing the emphasis on intergroup similariti
The coronavirus outbreak this winter is one of the most urgent healthcare concerns globally. The recent Tweet of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides an update and draws people’s attention to the serious issue. The Chinese government is taking any precautions to control the spread of the virus. However, these attempts’ effectiveness seems rather moderate because the number of infected people is increasing at an unprecedented pace. Every country develops a number of measures as well since the cases of the novel coronavirus have been reported in the USA, France, Canada, Australia, Thailand, Japan, Nepal, Malaysia, Singapore, and Republic Korea (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020). The American government has also developed a set of initiatives to address the problem. Some of the most effective incentives introduced in the United States are educational. CDC is one of the central agents that aim at informing people about the hazard and prevention strategies. The information and instructions provided to healthcare departments and facilities are one of the efficient measures as healthcare professionals should be updated and prepared to address any situations (CDC, 2020). One of the outcomes of such measures is the absence of human-to-human infection in the USA as all patients diagnosed with coronavirus were infected in China. The spread of the virus in the United States is properly controlled so far. Nevertheless, it is far too early to assume that the outbreak is coming to its end. Healthcare professionals should review reputable sources to estimate the existing risks and inform patients. It is essential to make sure that people clearly understand existing threats and prevention methods. Social networks, such as Twitter, can contribute to raising people’s awareness on the matter. Knowledgeable people can express their views, and people can share statistics, as well as evidence-based data, from reputable sources. The political climate in the USA has always been favorable for the dissemination of information regarding public health issues and educating people on diverse aspects. The government shows its commitment to addressing the problem and minimizing the risks of the spread of the virus. The measures undertaken by CDC, one of the central elements of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, illustrate the involve