ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Technical Terms It is necessary to define some technical terms that will be used in this essay to ensure readers understand them. First, the term god refers to a supreme deity that is worshiped by various religious groups; for instance, Christians refer to this being as God while Muslims call him Allah. Suffering refers to unpleasant events that make human life unbearable. They include hunger, diseases, conflicts and death among others. Existence means being able to be seen or felt in different aspects. This essay will use this term to refer to how God manifests himself in the world. Belief refers to strong convictions that something exists or can cause changes in life. The term perfect means an event or being that is incapable of making mistakes and that has never been associated with evil. This includes the nature of supreme beings and their actions. David Hume’s Thesis and Argument This author presents that God does not exist and that is why people suffer. Suffering and benevolence cannot exist and this means that there is no way people will suffer if God existed (Hume 62). Hume argues that most religious teachings portray their supreme deities as benevolent and this contradicts events in real life. He claims that there is no way God will let people to go hungry yet he has everything they need to alleviate their suffering. There is no way a rich parent can allow his children to lack food, shelter and clothes yet he can afford them (Hume 62). Therefore, he questions the existence of God and claims that it is just a religious fallacy meant to deceive believers. His argument presents that people suffer because there is no way they can get assistance from others or a superior being. He believes that people should focus on the meaning of the terms good and bad and they should not be taken for granted (Hume 63). It is necessary to explain that he believes that suffering is bad because it undermines the dignity of human beings. The purpose of creating human beings was to make them enjoy life e and glorify the name of their supreme deities. However, this perception has been proved wrong because people continue to suffer despite the presence of their supreme beings that can offer solutions to their problems (Hudson 91). For instance, Christians believe that they were made in the image and likeness of God, yet they continue suffering without any assistance from their creator. In addition, he argues that morals exist in humans and not any other forms of life. For instance, he argues that animals are never directed by moral teachings that differentiate between bad and good (Hume 64). That is why they do not suffer like humans. He presents that supreme beings are supposed to be wise and understand the needs of their people. However, this has never happened and this makes this author to discredit the fact that supreme beings are capable of alleviating human suffering (Hume 64). Therefore, he argues th
Defining Obesity Obesity is a medical condition characterized by excess fats in the body and can have greater effect on a person’s health. The condition reduces the life expectancy of a person and can increase health complications. Although obesity results in more weight, increased body fat in the body is not the same as being overweight. There are several factors contributing to obesity such as poor eating habits, dieting, lack of exercises, and leading sedentary lifestyles. Understanding these facts about obesity is necessary because it presents the relevant methods through which people can overcome the health disaster. The reason why we should come up with better ways of dealing with obesity is that the condition is currently a major health concern that affects individuals of all ages. These factors include taking excess alcohol, overeating, and lack of enough practices and exercises. To overcome the condition, obese people are always encouraged to exercise and avoid certain fatty diets and alcohol. Dangers of Obesity Like other body conditions, obesity has enormous effects on the human body. The condition is associated with certain life-threatening conditions and diseases such as tumors, osteoarthritis, apnea, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular complications. These diseases are common in individuals who lead sedentary lifestyles and do not exercise frequently. This indicates that obesity can result in death or promote other conditions that can result in more complications. In the United States, statistics indicate that obesity is a leading cause of deaths. Obesity is capable of reducing the mortality rate by 10-40 years based on Body Mass Index. The other effect of the condition is morbidity. The condition has the potential of increasing mental as well as physical body conditions. This results in other complications or disorders including blood pressure, high cholesterol level, and poor metabolism. The condition also affects movement thereby making the individual inactive. This increases the health complications faced by the patient. It is therefore notable that obesity can have enormous dangers on the health of humans (Colditz 504). The dangers of obesity are therefore very many and therefore health experts and individuals should come up with the best methods to address the health condition. Why We Should Care About Obesity The above discussion has presented the dangers of the condition and its effects on our human health. Untreated obesity chances can very easily result in death or cause other complications. The condition is a life-threatening complication because it is associated with other secondary diseases thereby lessening chances of survival. The reason why we need to care about obesity is that it is a leading killer despite the fact that it is a preventable condition. Its ability to cause diabetes and cancer explains why we should be concerned and come up with the best preventive measures (Nestle 24). Obesity is also a major concern to people of all ages. This means that, if we do not treat it accordingly, chances are high that it will become the leading killer condition. The irony in it is that i
The most important sex education issues for young teens to understand The first important sex education issue for young teens to understand is the consequences of engaging in sex at an early age. Teenagers are quite curious to experiment with sex, and most of them engage in sex because they lack knowledge about the consequences of sex. Parents, guardians, and teachers should be actively engaged in acquainting teenagers with factual information about the consequences of engaging in sex. The second important issue that teens need to understand is about contraceptives. The high rates of teenage pregnancies and abortions are enough evidence to show that many teenagers are having unprotected sex. Sex education must contain a comprehensive lesson on the different contraceptives that are available. Teenagers must be provided with information about the use of condoms as one of the most effective forms of contraceptives if they have to engage in sex. Most teenagers lack knowledge of the effective use of the methods. Sex education should focus on raising this issue and making teens understand the possible negative effects associated with different forms of contraceptives. Thirdly, sex education should also cover the important issue of sexual orientation. Teenagers need to understand the social changes that are facing the world with reference to sexuality. The emergence of non-heterosexual individuals has particularly affected many teenagers who are victims of prejudice and discrimination because of their sexual orientations. Society needs to nurture teenagers into accepting their sexual orientations and the preferences of their peers. This strategy is the most viable in the development of a future society that upholds the rights of every human being, regardless of his or her sexual orientation. Advantages and disadvantages of a couple’s choosing to live together without getting married One of the advantages of cohabitation in modern society is that it eliminates the obligations of marriage while providing sexual and emotional intimacy for couples. The society has become accustomed to the concept of testing the compatibility between two people before getting into marriage. This strategy helps in the prevention of divorce for many couples. Cohabiting for a given period can effect
When providing individual healthcare for a patient, especially an elderly one, the primary concern of the patient’s family is to choose the most appropriate option for the caretaking facility. In terms of the US healthcare system, these options include home health care service (either private or public) or a facility placement (“Home health care vs facility placement – options for elder care,” 2020). Home care seems to be a better option due to a series of advantages, as patients are willing to stay with family and familiar households. According to the statistics, more than seven million people across the US require in-home healthcare (“Personal care agencies vs home health agencies,” 2018). However, the issue with home health care agencies concerns poor financial support from the government and, hence, agencies are almost unable to cover the expenses for the patients. Services like Medicare provide financial support in a few cases when a series of requirements are executed (Medicare, n.d.). Moreover, the people who require assistance, are often financially unstable, which leads to a profit decrease among the facilities. If I were to start a home health care agency, I would consider all the area peculiarities to establish an effective service. First of all, the prices for healthcare itself could be raised because assisted facilities cover practically the same fee without providing such an individual approach (“Calculating the cost of assisted living vs home care,” 2019). The fee rise should be established according to the average income rate of the area, taking into consideration whether it is an urban or countryside area. The primary issue of home health care agencies concerns the extremely low-income rate of the staff. According to the latest data, the average hourly wages in the US constitute approximately 24$ per hour, whereas home care nurses are paid 8-14$ per hour (“United States average hourly wages,” 2020). Regarding the potential competition with private agencies that do not rely on governmental funding, it is also of crucial importance to provide the service that would be relevant in the cost-quality paradigm.
Introduction: The Entrepreneurial Marketing Framework and SwanLeap Being up-to-date with innovative marketing strategies and able to target the culture-specific needs of the selected range of customers is a crucial skill that a company needs to develop to stay relevant. The principles of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) developed recently as a response to the fast-changing setting of the global market provide organizations with the exact opportunity of introducing a new marketing approach that will help to fulfill the needs of every customer, at the same time offering a cost-efficient approach for the supply chain. According to the definition offered by Sadiku-Dushi, Dana, and Ramadani (2019), EM is a marketing approach that helps to structure an innovation-driven approach toward promoting and branding an organization and its services. Remarkably, the notion of EM has evolved from symbolizing the idea of a deviation from the traditional marketing approaches to representing the innovation-driven concept for building a competitive advantage (Amin et al. 2016). Therefore, integrating EM into the organizational context is crucial to the increase of the process of value creation by using creativity and innovative resources to appeal to the target population. Given the recent trend in introducing EM into the organizational setting of companies that strive to expand as the tool for capturing the target population’s attention fast, companies that provide analysis and give recommendations concerning the subject matter have gained importance. As a member of Lincoln Marketing Associates, one will be able to dive deeper into the processes within the selected company and explain what route of development in its EM framework it will need to adopt. When applying the specified notion to the setting of the SwanLeap organization, which is one of the pioneers in the supply chain management (SCM) enhancement within the IT industry, a member of the Lincoln Marketing Associates has to conclude that the company lacks the philosophy of innovation and the tools for boosting motivation in its organizational setting (SwanLeap 2019). To improve its performance and safeguard itself from multiple risks in the target market, SwanLeap will require an ICON-based framework that will direct the organization toward innovativeness as corporate philosophy and the corporate values. Supporting the Culture for Innovation at SwanLeap: The ICON Matrix at Work Figure 1. The Icon Matrix for SwanLeap: A General Assessment. As the analysis performed above shows, the SwanLeap organization has been defaulting on the inclusion of innovation-driven philosophy into its setting. With the transformation of the company’s perspective on the idea of innovative management of resources and especially the application of different approaches toward improving the analysis of customers’ demands as they pertain to the culture of the target population, the firm will be able to handle the pressure of the co
Introduction A concept research paper can be said to have two versions; one version is where a concept paper is presented before the actual research project takes place, and another version is where a concept paper is used to explain or show understanding of a certain concept topic. All in all, a concept paper is a summary of a certain topic, presented briefly and concisely to enhance and promote understanding. It is similar to an abstract or proposal but, these usually have more content. It is a short summary that is used to inform an audience, students, research experts, other researchers or teachers, on the kind of research/project one intends to carry out, or informs on a certain concept. It is a very a very essential tool to a researcher/student as it enables him/her to detect loop holes in the research project/concept hence make timely and appropriate corrections. A concept paper is the initial step with reference to a research project as it aids in formatively assessing the research project and making timely improvements. This notion is applicable when students are given assignments as they can use it to come up with excellent research papers. Research The first version of a concept research paper includes the following:  1. An articulate description of the research topic giving a summary of what other researchers have done with regard to the topic.  2. A research question in one-sentence statement that the research project intends to seek an answer or answers. The research question is a unique question that has not been answered before. The concept research paper should bring out the link between the question and the corpus of research knowledge based on the topic at hand. All this should be stated briefly and concisely.  3. The concept research paper should demonstrate why there is need to answer the research question. In other words, just
“A dwarf is as much a man as a giant is; a small republic is no less a sovereign state than the most powerful kingdom” – Vattel. Emmerich de Vattel: “The Law of Nations” Emmerich de Vattel, born in Switzerland, was an ardent student of Leibniz. He wrote several books of which his most famous work is “The Law of Nations” or, “Principles of the Law of Nature” published in 1758. It was the most influential book on the law of nations for 125 years following its publication (Brown et al, 2002). Vattel derives a system of law governing the nation-state and relations between nations, from this natural law hypothesis (Brown et al, 2002, page 322). To have legitimacy, all law written by man must be coherent with this natural law hypothesis. “..the entire nation, whose common will is only the result of the united wills of the citizens, remains subject to the laws of nature, and is obliged to respect them in all its proceedings……the nation has also the same laws that nature has given to men, for the performance of their duty”. The first English translation of “The Law of Nations” appeared in 1759 and the first American edition appeared in 1796. The book was reprinted nineteen times in America by 1872. In The Law of Nations, Vattel establishes a system of law governing relations between nation-states, based on natural law. Vattel’s book treats international law as a branch of natural law and is concerned with both internal as well as foreign affairs. The passages in which Vattel discusses the equality of states and the laws of war indicate the gulf that separates eighteenth-century international law from the laws of medieval Christendom. States had equal rights under international law, no matter how weak or powerful they may be (Brown et al, 2002, 322). In the “Preliminaries” section, Vattel first establishes a natural law hypothesis. He then applies this natural law hypothesis, in Book I, to develop the law governing nations, and in the three other Books, to develop the law governing relations between nations. Thus, the Law of Nations is the science of the law subsisting between nations and states, and of the obligations that flow from it. Vattel was particularly influential in defining and characterizing the concepts of statehood and sovereignty. The statement that “a small republic is no less a sovereign
With the growing popularisation of gender equity ideas, the topic of gender limitations and philosophies becomes even more popular. Feminists try to reconsider the meaning of gender through the prism of social limitations and norms. Judith Butler is rightly considered as one of the most outstanding feminist writers of her time. She has had an enormous philosophic impact on the theory and practice of culture. Her multidisciplinary revelations on gender, sex, social normalization, and performativity have changed the direction of the feminist thought. Butler has caused a real flood of new ideas and ideals, which question the ofrelevance of the widely accepted gender norms. Judith Butler’s Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex” is a logical continuation of her philosophic tradition. At the center of Butler’s book are the notions of performativity, citational politics, and queerness. As always, Butler manipulates the concept of power to collapse the traditional distinction between gender and sex and proves that power constraints sex at all stages of life since the moment of conception. To start with, Bodies that Matter is a logical continuation of the ideas and concepts described by Judith Butler in her earlier works, including Gender Trouble. The latter created a strong foundation for the development of a distinct gender theory, which Butler describes in her book. The focus of Bodies that Matter is the gradual reformulation of the complex relationship between power and sexuality. Such reformulation takes place based on Butler’s feminist ideas. At the very beginning of her book, Butler cites the words of Donna Haraway: “Why should our bodies end at the skin, or include at best other beings encapsulated by skin?” (1). In this way, Butler sets the framework for the discussion that follows. She implies that, as a feminist scholar, she will use her talent for writing to reconceptualize the materiality of the human body in terms of gender and its performativity. It is performativity that becomes one of the chief themes in Butler’s book. At the same time, performativity is of the most controversial elements of Butler’s philosophic discussion. In the view promoted by Butler, performativity is directly related to the concepts of gender, sex, sexuality, and materialization of the body (2). On the one hand, sexuality is viewed as a repetitive, continuous, and reiterative process that leads to the emergence of certain discourse practices (Butler 2). On the other hand, “the regulatory norms of ‘sex’ work in a performative fashion to constitute the materiality of bodies and, more specifically, to materialize the body’s sex, to materialize sexual difference in the service of the consolidation of the heterosexual perspective.” (Butler 2) Simply stated, Butler perceives performativity as being inherently limited to the heterosexual norms
To date, the Aboriginal peoples of Canada continue to play a dominant role in the public arena of Canadian national celebrations in recognition of the substantial contributions they have made to Canada. Indeed, the National Aboriginal Day has become an annual public spectacle, commemorated to recognize and celebrate Canada’s dissimilar cultures and exceptional contributions made by the Aboriginal peoples residing in Canada, particularly the First Nations, the Inuit, and the Metis peoples (Miller, 2002, p. 3). This not withstanding, political pundits and historians have postulated the fact that successive Canadian governments have only served to rob, repress, patronize and disparage the self-pride and self-identity associated with the above stated Aboriginal groups (Radforthe, 2003, p. 1). According to Radforthe, the Canadian government have found it valuable to incorporate the Aboriginal peoples in festivities that only assist to define and assert an imagined national community since the Aboriginals are rarely included in any other sphere of national development except in national celebrations. This paper intends to show how a multiplicity of social, cultural and economic factors continues to hamper Canadian Aboriginals’ quest for adequate representation in the country’s political process. The Aboriginal peoples can be described as the genealogies of the original population of Canada (Bellfy, 2001, p. 11). In retrospect, the Canadian Constitution distinguishes three clusters of Aboriginal peoples, namely First Nations, the Inuit, and the Metis. While these groups are known to share numerous resemblances, major differences exist as each grouping has its own distinctive heritage, values, language, cultural traditions, worldviews and spiritual beliefs (Miller, 2002, p. 7). In the absence of official mechanisms and procedures of enhancing the required exchange of concepts, these Aboriginal groups have been trained to use blunt appliances to make their point known. In the last few decades, Aboriginal peoples in Canada have actively taken part in political demonstrations, obstructions and litigations in the hope of curtailing the socio-cultural and economic conditions that continue to exclude them from mainstream political development. Below, some of the factors are discussed Social Factors In 2000, the United Nations rated Canada as one of the best countries in the world to reside in based on the country’s impressive development index (Kendall, 2001, p. 43). While this may indeed be true for other individuals residing in Canada, the Aboriginal peoples continue to thrive in an endless circle of disadvantage characterized by incessant family violence, massive educational failure, poverty, diseases and violence. Available statistics reveal that Indians comprise the majority of the Aboriginal population in Canada, trailed by the Metis and the Inuit in that order. As a percentage of the total Canadian population, Aboriginal peoples range from 1 percent in