ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction There are many phases and procedures for handling the data and information. As in the today’s world of information technology every thing and every field is dependent over the use of information. The management of this information, collecting it and then processing and manipulating the information or data are the most important tasks or aspects of any process that is going to be performed. The task of data handling fist begins with the collection of data and the data is collected when it is being sensed from the devices like temperature sensors, pressure sensors and so on. Then after sensing and recognizing this data the data is then stored. This process is basically the main functionality of the data acquisition. In the process of data acquisition first the data is collected and then it is processed by sampling it. By sampling of data it is meant to divide the data in to some parts depending on the pre decided attribute according to which the data is sampled. Most of the times this pre decided attribute is any time interval set by the designer. This data is then processed by computer as well. Another name for data acquisition can also be DAQ and DAS. Basically the term acquisition here means the recognizing of signals and waveforms from a device and then after understanding these signals the task of data acquisition is to process these signals and waveforms in order to produce the required and desired data or result. Data acquisition is very much useful for recognizing and storing the data and information. This information can be used on the immediate basis or can be stored for the future use. (Data acquisition, 1) Data Acquisition Systems The data acquisition systems are set up in order to recognize the information from any particular device, collect that information store that information and then finally manipulate or process that information. This process is similar as data logging. In past this task of data logging or data acquisition was done by using the magnetic tape recorders and heavy equipments but now technology has improved the scenario and many new equipments which are light weight, robust, reliable and more technical have taken the space of old heavy equipment. The purpose is basically the storage and sensing of data. Different types of data can be collected by any data acquisition system like temperature, pressure, noise, voice, humidity and so on depending on the nature of the work for which the system has been implied. Mostly the electrical or physical information has to be collected. Data acquisition has been done from always but the technology has improved it to the large extent and has made this process, reliable, fast, quick, easy and robust. (Data acquisition systems, 1) Parts of Data Acquisition System There are three basic parts of any data acquisition system. Following are the three main parts or components of the data acquisition system and these are the basic elements of any data acquisition system and are general as well.  1. I/O sub system  2. Host computer  3. Software for controlling.
Introduction Assuming supply to be constant, an increase in the price of oil from P0 to P1 will result in a decrease in quantity demanded and supplied new cars from Q0 to Q1. If the recession occurs after the rise in oil prices, it will result in a decrease in the purchasing power of consumers. Cars are a luxury commodity thus the quantity demanded will fall as the national income per capita will fall; this will also result in a low production of cars. Answer 1 A free trade agreement means low tariffs on the import of cars into Australia. This will result in an increased competition in the domestic market, which would eventually mean increased demand for these imported cars because of their lower prices. As the imported cars proliferate in the market, the supply will increase. Prices will decrease because of the free trade agreement which will further increase the quantity demanded of these imported cars from Q0 to Q1. This will be detrimental for the local car manufacturers who may even be driven out of the market. Answer 2 Normal profit is the opportunity cost of profit being earned in one industry. The economic cycle will determine the size of normal profits, which will be higher in booms and lower in recessions. A decrease in the price of personal computers has increased the quantity demanded. This decrease resulted because of a rapid technology change, making the demand curve more elastic. This means the cost of production for personal computers has fallen due to economies of scale and it is now able to pass on the reduction in costs to the consumers in the form of lower prices, which eventually means higher revenue. As profit can be calculated by subtracting total costs from the sales revenue, as the proportion of total costs reduces, more is left in profit. The diagram shows that initially the PC industry was operating at a loss which is shown where total cost was greater than total revenue but as it achieved economies of scale, it started making a profit whereby the total revenue is greater than total cost. Answer 4 Normal profit is the minimum amount of profit needed for a company to carry on its operations. It is a component of implicit costs because it represents the opportunity cost of producing and operating in a certain business. Firms will continue production even if it operates in a loss provided it is covering its variable costs in the short run. If it can cover its variable costs like rents, wages, etc which need to be paid off in the short run whereas fixed costs do not need to be paid off in the short run for a firm to survive. However, when it is unable to pay the cover the fixed cost, then it must shut down. As shown in the diagram above, the firm must shut down after marginal cost increases the average variable cost. Answer 8 The firms will increase the output to meet the rising demand for the product. However, an increase in prices will also increase the cost of raw materials for the firms. But since they are now making
In the history of healthcare, significant events often become the catalyst for development in patient care, nursing, and medicine. The currently ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not an exception. Many solutions used now were brought to light during previous epidemic outbreaks, such as hygiene guidelines and masks. The present pandemic is different in that it occurred during the time of technological innovation. Telehealth – the process of using electronic devices and telecommunication technologies for care delivery – has been at the center of many discussions and analyses in relation to dealing with COVID-19. This paper aims to present some synthesized evidence about the influence of COVID-19 on the development and application of telehealth and its potential future uses. Problem Statement Telehealth is a part of contemporary nursing for many reasons. First, many people live in rural areas, where the lack of specialists leads to unaddressed health problems and people’s limited access to care (Hirko et al., 2020; Wosik et al., 2020). Second, people who cannot leave the house or have trouble traveling great distances for an office visit could also benefit from telehealth (Andrews et al., 2020). However, in the current environment, the use of telehealth became a means for all people to receive healthcare – the highly infectious nature of the virus and its risks made hospitals unavailable for many individuals (Caetano et al., 2020; Wong et al., 2021). Moreover, the high number of patients has led to hospitals unable to take on more people to care on-site (Caetano et al., 2020; Wong et al., 2021). As a result, telehealth turned from a tool with limited use into the only available type of care delivery in many instances. The effectiveness of telehealth in the setting of a global pandemic and its potential development during it should be examined to reveal benefits and overcome flaws. Evidence Synthesis A variety of research studies evaluate the introduction of telehealth into hospitals and its effect on healthcare, mental health, and the quality of care. Overall, telehealth is considered a positive addition to care – the use of devices and remote contact with patients is described as transformational in the industry (Byrne,2020; Caetano et al., 2020; Hirko et al., 2020; Wosik et al., 2020). Notably, the countries most affected by the virus are also beginning to increase their interest in telehealth, demanding a scale-up in services currently and in the future (Caetano et al., 2020; Wong et al., 2021). This necessity can be explained by the limited patient capacities of hospitals, especially in states with the highest numbers of cases. The desire to improve and increase the adoption of healthcare is also supported by generally positive reviews of such services by both patients and clinicians. Even in fields where telehealth nursing has not been considered, it is being
Detrixhe and Meakin wrote an article on the fall of euro within a period of two months due to fears that Greece is unlikely to obtain bailout funds. The unlikelihood of Greece obtaining bailout funds is a clear indication that the nation’s future within the European monetary bloc is at stake. According to the article, Detrixhe and Meakin confirm that Greece is one of the 16 nations that share the euro. On a different perspective, the dollar index rose amidst political stability that has been seen within U.S. especially during the electioneering period. Greece’s economic and political instability are regarded as the motives behind the falling of the euro whereas the American dollar is gaining grounds on the basis that the winner of the presidential election between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney will continue with the objective of reducing deficits. According to the article, Detrixhe and Meakin are very clear on the effect of economical stability on foreign exchange rates. Foreign exchange rates are likely to favor economically stable nations. One of the economical factors affecting the rates of foreign exchange is current-account deficit. The balance of current account is referred to as the difference between a nation’s trading activities and the activities of trading partners. In this article, Detrixhe and Meakin clearly outline in their discussion that there is a great deficit within Greece’s and Spain’s current accounts. Such deficits portray a bad image on the economical outlook or performance of a nation hence affecting its (nation in question, Greece and Spain) foreign exchange. Since Greece uses the euro, the exchange rate significantly drops due to bad image on economic performance. Detrixhe and Meakin further note that the dollar index rose amidst expectations that the winner of the Presidential elections would press forward plans to curtail nation’s deficit. Economic growth expectation is another economical factor that affects the rates of foreign exchange. When there are expectations that a nation’s economy is likely to grow, it will attract investors hence causing the foreign exchange rate to rise. On the other hand, when a nation’s economic is expected to perform poorly then investors withdraw causing the foreign exchange rate to fall significantly. Greece and Spain do not have expectations of economic growth (Detrixhe and Meakin). Economic growth and developments provide favorable environment for investments. As a result, investors are pulling out from these two countries thus affecting the euro. Since euro is shared amongst 16 economies, the rest are also affected. Moreover, Detrixhe and M
Introduction Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that help in the communication of nerve signals between neurons and other cells. Dopamine is one such important catecholamine neurotransmitter found in the brain. In addition to its other functions, one of its main functions is to control the movement of the body. However, any excess or low levels of dopamine can lead to various diseases in the body like schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. This essay describes the chemistry of dopamine, its various effects and the effects of excess or low levels of dopamine. Dopamine Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters present in the extrapyramidal system of the brain (Genetics Home Reference 2008). It is a catecholamine and helps in the formation of other catecholamines like norepinephrine and epinephrine (Powers 2008). Dopamine is produced from L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) through the action of the enzyme dopa decarboxylase (Powers 2008). The action of dopamine starts when it binds to dopamine receptors present in the body. The main areas of synthesis of dopamine in the brain includes: arcuate nucleus, hypothalamus and the caudad (Davidson.edu 2003). The levels of dopamine is regulated by an enzyme called monoamine oxidase (MAO) (Davidson.edu 2003). Effects of the transmitter Dopamine helps to control body movements, regulates mood and emotion, and controls the secretion of few hormones (Powers 2008). In addition to these functions, dopamine also plays an important role in the reward system of the brain, and thereby, plays a role in drug addiction (Powers 2008). Effects of excess and low dopamine Excess levels of dopamine in the brain may probably lead to a psychiatric disorder called schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is characterized by symptoms like delusions and altered behavior. The exact mechanism of how it causes this disease is not known (Psychiatric-disorders.com 2008). Drugs like cocaine and amphetamine increase the levels of dopamine and causes psychotic symptoms like that in schizophrenia. Therefore, it is said that in a similar way, increased levels of dopamine in the brain also probably causes schizophrenia (Psychiatric-disorders.com 2008). When the levels of dopamine in the brain become low, it leads to a condition known as Parkinson’s disease (Powers 2008). The usual onset of Parkinson’s disease is at around 60 years, but it may start at an earlier age, and is more common in men than in women. This disease is characterized by: trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw and face, stiffness of the arms, legs and trunk, slowness of movement, poor balance and coordination. In the late stages of Parkinson’s di
Introduction Etisalat is a UAE based telecommunication company that was initially referred to as the Emirates Telecommunication Corporation. The corporation is a governmental agency charged with the major function of providing communication services. Additionally, it is a multinational company operating in over fifteen countries in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa, particularly west and North Africa. The recently released report on the performance of companies globally showed that Etisalat is at number twelve with a stable customer base of over one-fifty million. The Forbes magazine declared the organization the best in the UAE in 2012. Financial History and Capability In the beginning March 2014, the organization reported a stable revenue of US$10.6 billion, with a net profit of USD$1.93 billion. In 2012, analysts reported that the organization enjoyed a market capitalization of $22 billion (Arbache, 2010). Its closest rival, the Emirates Integrated Telecom, is far much behind in terms of capital and profitability. The company is considered an internet center in the Middle East region since it offers connectivity to upcoming firms conducting their operations in small-scale in various states. It was ranked the twelfth globally in terms of voice carriage, but it is the leading in the Middle East region and Africa. In October 2008, the corporation had at least 510 roving accords with coverage in over 186 states. The firm has managed to penetrate the European and American markets, which shows that it is one of the world’s best performing companies given the fact that it operates PoP in New York, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Paris, and London. Since 2011, the organization has been trying to put up Etisalat 4G, which is a powerful internet network in the world. History of Governance Issue Since its inception in 1976, International Aeradio Limited owned the organization, the British company, and some domestic investors had shares as well. However, the ownership structure changed hands in 1983 and this was when the issues of governance emerged when the administration of the United Arab Emirates acquired over sixty percent of shares. Currently, foreign and local investors own just forty percent meaning that they do not have the power to influence the selection of the board members. One of the major governance problems that facing the organization was first witnessed in 1991 when the government formulated a federal law allowing the corporation to be the only provider of telecommunication services in the country (Dawley, &Jamal, 2008). It was regrettable when the administration gave the corporation the authority to control licenses as regards ownership, importation, producing, and operating any communication gadget. This was a mistake because the firm used this advantage to kill competition leading to monopolized market. The government’s directive meant that the firm was a regulatory agency, as well as a competitor in the sector. The
Identity is an aspect of biological traits which individuals inherit from their earlier generations, and from which various identities are acquired by individuals through inheritance. Based on the above perspective the identity to which people claim to have is mainly constituted of their inborn characteristics; which they acquire from their parents or the other earlier generations. As a critical appraisal to the stories, “Young Goodman Brown”, Cask of Amontillados” and “The Yellow Paper” will be used to expound on the statement that people are born having their identities (Nathaniel 34, Gilman 13) As the story “Young Goodman Brown” by Nathaniel portrays a character by the name of Goodman; the character is shown to poses the character traits that revolve around certain religious matters portrayed as being inborn in them. As the name ‘Goodman’ depicts; Goodman being the main character is associated with various evils within the society which proves ironic under the religious regard. Additionally, Goodman seems to be a nice responsible young man who to an extent is highly respected within the society; but one who conversely emerges to be an evil man. As a result, this makes people not regard his burial with any respect after his death. This situation is evident from the statement “…and when he had lived long and was born to his grave…they carved no hopeful verse upon his tombstone for his dying hour was gloom” (Nathaniel 65). From the statement it is depicted how Goodman’s life was an evil one; further depicting the irony of his name as it was meant to be that of a good person. The above statement asserts the evil life Goodman had led, despite his strong belief in religion. From this perspective therefore it can be seen that Goodman’s evil life is associated with his inborn characteristics; which are portrayed as being inherited from the grandfather. On this basis, therefore, character traits as the story brings out are biologically acquired; as individuals are believed to depict a very strong correlation between their identities to those of the generations they are born of; thus proving that these characteristics are biologically inborn in them(Nathaniel 36). As it is from the story “The Yellow Wallpaper‟, the persona is being described as cruel and unfeeling; which she passes to her daughter who also turns out to be cruel. The persona’s cruelty from the story “The Yellow Wallpaper‟ is clearly shown, when she unfeelingly tramps on her fainted husband due to her lack of feelings regarding how to take care of him. This characteristic of the persona is further described as being far rooted, as the sister is also described as having the characteristics of being unfeeling and cruel from her dealings with people. In this respect, therefore, it can be seen that the story unveils the strong relationship between biological traits and identity development (Gilman 45-50). More so as it is from the various phenomena; various characteristics in our diversified cultural backgrounds seem to be far initiated by our fore-kins. For example in the story the “Cask of Amontillado”, Montresor is described as vengeful as his father; based on which h
Introduction Marketing and advertising have been more technical and complex as many advertising companies compete to attract consumers to the products they are advertising. Although MATS is large company operating in three continents, it aims to reach the levels of other international marketing and advertising companies such as Hale! Marketing Communications Inc. based in Vancouver, Canada, Morton Marketing based in Michigan and Virtual Sales Limited in the UK. All the companies offer several marketing and advertising services and have helped many companies to successfully position their products in the market. Reasons for being role models Hale!Marketing Communications Inc. acquired the most modern technologies from Convedia which according to Infonetics Research, is the market leader in media server products. It also has robotic software for re-messaging as well as webinars for integrated marketing. It helps companies develop websites, search engine optimization for customers, develops advertising programs and also has advanced direct mail programs (Marketing Communications Inc., 2010). Morton Marketing on the other hand helps companies develop websites and improve their web strategies and even enabling customers to use the search engines on the websites to learn more about the company and its products. It also has a more established email-marketing, social marketing; and also manages web hosting among other services (Morton Marketing, 2011). Virtual Sales Limited offers several key services which include email marketing services, telemarketing, telesales, channel sales and development, presentation skills as well as business pitching coaching among others. It has helped many companies in Europe, Middle East and Africa. One factor that may make MATS emulate Virtual Sales Limited is the high profile companies which have been able to acquire its services. The company has been retained by Microsoft, Red Hat Europe, Kogo, Meridio as well as Express Metrix among many others (Virtual Sales Limited, 2007). This shows the company’s quality service and diversity in marketing and advertising. Communication Channels for the marketing and advertising companies The internet and the websites have become the most popular communication channels for media companies. Hale! Marketing Communications Inc., Morton Marketing and Virtual limited all use the internet for email marketing and communication to customers and employees. They also use websites to advertise and market companies and their products and services. The websites have provided a platform for international audience. They update the websites to inform their customers of the latest products
Migration refers to a situation where individuals and /or family members relocate to a foreign country or region to ameliorate their economic or social prospects. According to the United Nations, a migrant is someone who has lived in a foreign country for a period exceeding one year, regardless of the circumstances that prompted them to move. Considering this definition, those visiting for shorter durations cannot be classified as migrants. There are several concepts that relate to migration. They include transnationalism, transnational migrants, and migrant transnationalism. Transnationalism refers to any social process that surpasses national borders. These activities are not confined to a particular country or region. Transnational migrants are those in constant motion. They constantly cross national bor