ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
We live in a mixed social system nowadays. Although there are not pure capitalist societies or such forms of nationalism as fascism some manifestations of these two ideologies have been survived nowadays. Generally speaking, nationalism is considered to be the ideology while capitalism is a social system but in our research we compare these two notions considering them as social systems. It seems that capitalism does not have any common with nationalisms but making our research we try to draw a parallel between them and provide their differences. Firstly, we are going to cast light upon each of these social systems separately and further on we are going to compare and contrast these notions. Capitalism is a social system where all property is privately owned. The recognition of individual rights especially property rights is the basis of this system. The term “capitalism” was created by socialists in mid-nineteenth century and it was used incorrectly to denote “economic individualism”. Economic individualism presupposes the pursuit of personal interests and the rights for the personal property. As a result the main aim of the government is to protect individual rights and it may use the force against those who violate these rights. Individuals may decide how to use their money, where to invest and what to sell. There are no restrictions to their level of life and the level of their profits. There are no limits on the quantity of customers, employees and investors and the area of their work whether they work in local, regional or even international markets. The boundaries for business are open and the possibility to make money is available for everyone. The notion of capitalism is often referred to the Puritan doctrine. The Puritans were the members of the religious sect in England in seventeen century who was oriented in their life with John Calvin’s doctrine. They invested their energy in hard working and modest living. The same values were observed among Jews and Japanese. England was the bright example of capitalism with its textile factories where the majority of employees were women and children. The exploitation of human forces for low wages, long working hours and bad working conditions were the preconditions of the development of individualism which factually denoted capitalism. This theory of individualism was developed by socialists. The main aims pursued by socialists were to provide individuals rights and do not restrain their economic activity that helped them to find happiness. Human possibilities should not be limited according to socialists. They pursued such ideals as brotherhood, social solidarity and community. Capitalism became less popular with the propaganda of Karl Marx’s utopian socialism with economic equality, the end of specialization and extermination of poverty. England, America and Western Europe stopped to defend capitalism as far as they did not really understand the sense of this social structure and they considered “perfect” or “pure” competition to be the way to the social prosperity. Perfect competition presupposes the equality among firms that should
Introduction Background to the study The mobile device market has witnessed rampant transformation in the 21 st century. Currently, the market is characterized by a high degree of complexity and change as a result of rapid technological change. According to Rubinstein and Jeffries, (2009, p.23), the industry is considered to be the 2nd fastest growing industry after the internet industry. Due to the lucrative nature the industry, the industry has become very competitive. This arises from the fact that firms in the industry deal with similar products and services. However, their products are differentiated in terms of cost and physical features. Palm Incorporation is one of the firms which operate within the mobile device market. Since its incorporation in the United States telecommunication industry in 1992, the firm has been very successful. In its operation, the firm offers a variety of handheld devices such as handheld computers and smartphones. Some of the firm’s core competitors include Apple, Motorola, Nokia, and Research in Motion, LG, Asustek and Pantech. In their operations, firms in different economic sectors are affected by internal and e
Introduction Public-private partnership is considered as one of the best ways of helping a country to achieve its developmental goals. One of the areas where this approach is highly used is in improving the housing sector. Numerous countries like the United States and Britain have successfully used public-private partnership to provide proper housing facilities to their people. Some of the reasons that are making countries to opt for public-private partnership include the inability by governments to provide adequate financial support and the desire to curb public inefficiency (Jacobson and Choi 637). Through public-private partnership, a government overcomes the challenges of overstretching its financial resources. Moreover, it helps the government to utilize the skills possessed by private sectors. With the numerous benefits associated with public-private partnership, this paper aims at coming up with a public private partnership framework for China. The paper will outline some of the general principles of application framework for public housing, outline some lessons learnt from other countries like the United States, and give the roles of all stakeholders. In addition, the paper will outline the possible sources of finance and risks associated with public-private partnership and give some measures for mitigating the risks. Principles of applicatio
The Topic of the Research and the Statistical Test to Be Used The general topic of the research is “A study of the relationship between HIV treatment compliance and social support among African American women with HIV.” More specifically, the influence of perceived social support on HIV treatment adherence among immigrant and non-immigrant African American females will be tested. The statistical tests that will be used are two simple linear regressions (George & Mallery, 2016); the results of these regressions for immigrants and non-immigrants will be compared. Additional or Alternative Tests in the Study Poisson Regression A Poisson regression could be used if the dependent variable consisted of count data (Forthofer, Lee, & Hernandez, 2007). In the proposed study, the dependent variable is a percentage, i.e. it measures what percentage of pills respondents took relative to the number of pills that was prescribed. However, if the study counted how many days the participants took their pills during a certain period of time, a Poisson regression (or, rather, two Poisson regressions, one for each group – immigrant and non-immigrant) could have been used. To incorporate the test into the study design, the data about HIV treatment compliance would need to be gathered as counts data. The Poisson regressions would be used instead of the simple linear regressions. The results would be similar to those gained via two simple linear regressions, but the outcome (compliance) would be measured less precisely, apparently making the analysis less exact as well. Ordered Logistic Regression It would be possible to utilize an ordered logistic regression if the dependent variable was measured on an ordinal level (Warner, 2013). This could be done if the HIV treatment compliance was assessed using a Likert scale, e.g., a five-point Likert scale. Two ordered logistic regressions would be needed: for immigrants and for non-immigrants. To incorporate the test into the study design, it would be needed to convert the data about HIV treatment adherence into a Likert scale. Then, the ordered logistic regression
Introduction Managing change in an organization is crucial in ensuring that a firm remains stable and competitive in any industry. Organizational change involves changing structures within the organization that consequently enables any firm to remain effective and efficient to all stakeholders, including employees, customers, management team and the immediate environment in which the firm operates. However, while introducing changes in an organization, the management needs to be very keen to ensure that change is accepted and embraced by all stakeholders otherwise it might prove ineffective if most stakeholders respond negatively. Sometimes, it becomes important to manage change through various means such as communicating to the employees on how it is vital to the wellbeing of individual employees and long term organizational goals and objectives. In this regard, the Emirates Airline Company will continue to analyze the best leadership style and practices in the industry with an aim of establishing leadership approach that would successfully help the company in achieving its medium and long-term goals. The firm will also carry out thorough research at the industry level as well as at the Emirates Airline Company in a bid to identify the effects of change. This will greatly help in identifying whether changes initiated in the past have positive or negative outcomes. As a result, Emirates Airline Company would be in a position to establish the changes that would largely help its performance (Doganis 33). Problems encountered at Emirates Airline Company and their remedies A number of problems are encountered at the Emirates Airline Company that threatens its competitiveness in the airline industry. The problems are both external and internal. The company has little influence on problems emanating from external environment whilst it has full control over the internal environment. In particular, the Emirates Airline Company associates its main internal problem with employees’ poor performance that leads to general poor performance of the company. The employees’ poor performance is attributable to several aspects including lack of contentment, low level of loyalty as well as ineffective leadership style practiced at the company. Previous researches indicate that lower levels of loyalty have negatively affected the airline industry. Employees with high level of loyalty normally yield better performance while those with lower levels of loyalty tend to have poor performance. In this respect, it is clear that deteriorating level of loyalty at the Emirates Airline Company has progressively led to low level of performance at the operational level. This can be described by the fact that the management has failed to continue focusing on the needs and welfare of the workforce. This would mainly aid in motivating employees since they feel they are part of the organization. In addition, there is lack of contentment, which is
One of the oldest and most influential beliefs in human history and in the creation at large has been the belief concerning the origin of life and universe and the different theories that tried to give an explanation to the origin of life and the universe. With the efforts to try and find solutions to one of the greatest mysteries, the ancient societies tried to come up with different suggestions that became a foundation for the creation of religion and religious beliefs, since most of the mysteries could not be easily explained and hence the human race hose to believe that there must have been an existence of a different and more powerful being that was involved in the creation and the presence of life and the universe. From the different scholars who have laid their views on the trends that have been taking place concerning religion and the beliefs, there are a lot of issues that may be noted, especially the fact that there have been a lot of changes in the beliefs, a factor that has led to a separation in humanity resulting to two different groups in the line of religious beliefs. One of the groups has chosen to allow change take its effect by arousing a lot of doubt in them towards religion. The other group, however, chose to stand for their religious believes irrespective of the changes around them. For example, Freud totally opposed religion stating that it is just a form of mental and psychological delusion and that there is actually no proper basis for religious beliefs. He argues that humans are not willing to go an extra mile to explain their world so they have come up with different beliefs to try and stop them from going through the pain of the explanations and hence rely on religious beliefs that are quite baseless and unfounded. However, he tends to believe that there is a lot of evidence to support the facts that oppose religion since there are a lot of inventions and discoveries that have been made to explain the world as it is rather than relying on beliefs. He is hence one of the main proponents of the doubt against religion and the integration of the modern mind into life (Freud 17-45). In the same way, Russell argues that religion is founded on myths rather than on facts and that there is no need to stand so strongly for what you cannot prove. Most of the arguments in the religious beliefs concerning explanations relating to the world and lif
Summary Every year, thousands of young and elderly patients go through various surgical procedures. The speed and effectiveness of patients’ recovery after surgeries depend on numerous factors. The quality of nursing care plays one of the crucial roles in how patients recover from surgeries. Enhanced patient recovery (EPR, ERAS) after surgeries has already become one of the top priorities in nursing care. Unfortunately, not all nurses know how to facilitate patients’ reintegration into their home and workplace environments after surgeries. Not all EPR strategies are universally effective. The goal of this paper is to review what contemporary researchers have to say about enhanced patient recovery and its best methods. Literature Search Strategies For this review, a detailed search of empirical and analytical literature was performed. The following databases were used: ProQuest, CINAHL, Cochrane, Academic Search Premier (EBSCOHost), and Google Scholar. A total of 10 articles meeting the search criteria were identified. The following search criteria had to be met: (a) all articles had to be published between 2008 and 2013; (b) all articles had to be published in peer-reviewed journals. Both primary and secondary research findings were included. The keywords used in this library search were: “enhanced patient recovery”, “surgery”, “nursing.” Literature Review Enhanced Patient Recovery after Surgery The current state of literature provides rich information on the benefits and principles of enhanced patient recovery after surgeries. Unfortunately, most researchers and clinical professionals take its meaning for granted. Meanwhile, not all nurses understand the meaning and practical implications of the concept. Here, the description of enhanced patient recovery by Burch (2012) could create a good basis for the development of effective EPR strategies. According to Burch (2012), enhanced recovery is associated with less stress during surgery and faster recovery following the surgery. Enhanced recovery transcends all aspects of the surgical process, from preoperative procedures to post-operative interventions (Burch, 2012). The basic intent behind enhanced recovery interventions is to prepare patients for fast and easy discharge, by making them tolerant to oral intake and mobilizing them without external assistance (Burch, 2012). Enhanced recovery implies that patients go through the process of hospital-to-home transition smoothly and without any damage to their emotional and physical health. At home, such patients always know whom they need to contact in case of an emergency. Burch (2011) also lists the chief elements of the en
In the United States, the ‘separation of state and the church’ policy was strictly observed. Under the system, the government was not obliged to carry out the denominational census. It was outright illegitimate for the state to ask the ordinary citizens about their religion. This principle of separation upheld the famous freedom of worship. Social and business entities depend entirely on a significant credit relation. According to the author, these two aspects are the affiliates of religion, and the question on denomination stem from these two perspectives. Efficient service delivery relates closely to religion. For instance, a businessperson affiliated with Baptism Church was trusted in the provision of quality services. To iterate this point further, the author recalls the remark of the salesman who asserted: “if I see a businessman or a farmer not belonging to any church, I wouldn’t trust him with fifty cents.” According to Weber, the argument of the salesman seeks to clarify that religion and trustworthiness go hand in hand. Perhaps aware of the corrupt and unscrupulous members of the guild, the seller explicitly expresses his optimism with the sect members. From this analogy, it is worthwhile to conclude that the ancient America’s spirit of capitalism is linked with the Protestant denomination. Becoming the member of the congregation was very popular among the middle- class individuals. First and foremost, admission into the sect entailed an analysis of a person’s character since childhood. As such, it became a popular believe among the middle- class Americans that entry into the sect depicted high moral standards and benign qualities that are deemed crucial in business. The author argues that Methodist church wins an individual the required reputation for political support in the region as well as access to unlimited credit facilities. The general observation is that the successful politician and businessmen belonged to either Methodist or Baptist sects. The sects also inculcated some sense of brotherhood among the middle- class Americans. The author attests to the fact that the association acted as a significant burial insurance. Furthermore, the sect also offered the members ethical support for brotherly assistance. For instance, the affluent members will bail out the less fortunate members by advancing low- interest loans to them. The author argues that the number of the American population without church affiliation estimated at 6%. Any reputable sect confers the members with moral qualification. The church membership is different in the sense that everything is based on the belief that God’s grace is in control. Church affiliation was popular as compared to the cult within the meaning that it (church) was obligatory because it has nothing to do with the member’s qualities. Moral offenses meant that one could be expelled from the sect. The implication that this has on the member is that the affected individual losses credit and his or her influence in the political scene is reduced. In today’s contemporary society, denomination is irrelevant. Ethics an
Introduction “Jane Eyre” is a tragedy and romantic novel which was written by Charlotte Bronte. It was adapted into film by Robert Stevenson in 1944. “Jane Eyre” is partly an autobiographical novel which filled with romance and tragedy in the life of Jane Eyre. At the age of nine, Jane Eyre had lost her parents and was an orphan. She went to live with her aunt Mrs. Reed. (Bailey, 115) Mrs. Reed was a sister to Jane’s father and her family was the only family Jane had so; she went to live with them. But the Reeds did not see Jane as a blood relation rather; she was treated as an outsider. While in the home of the Reeds, Jane was physically and emotionally abused by her aunt Mrs. Reed and her children. (Niemann, 214) This comparative essay will highlight the differences between Stevenson’s 1943 film of “Jane Eyre” and Charlotte Bronte’s novel. Apart from Stevenson’s film not maintaining a first narrator as the novel does, it is arguably the best adaptation of Charlotte Bronte’s novel. A central theme that Stevenson’s film emphasizes which is not a prominent theme in the original story by Charlotte Bronte is Jane’s perseverance all through the story. Bronte’s original story narrates Jane’s story as an orphan who finds joy at the end of the story but Stevenson’s film tells the story of Jane as a person who went through a lot of pain and discrimination but did not give up. The problems which Jane faced as an adult and a child will be discussed in this essay. Comparing the film “Jane Eyre” to Bronte’s original novel “Jane Eyre” is a novel which was originally written by Charlotte Bronte and it has been adapted into film 3 times. It was adapted into film in 1913, 1915 and 1921. Out of all the adaptations, Stevenson’s 1943 adaptation is considered the best because; his adaptation has a unique and slightly different pattern of the Jane Eyre story. (Rowland, 241) In the original novel of “Jane Eyre” written by Charlotte Bronte, Jane was portrayed as an evil child and she was treated badly for this reason. (Rowland, 281) Jane’s extended family perceived her as an evil child and this same notion of Jane been an evil child manifested again when her employer stumbled from his horse. After Jane’s employer stumbled from his horse, he accused Jane of been an evil person and the reason why he stumbled from his horse. (Niemann, 302) In Stevenson’s adaptation of the “Jane Eyre” story, the problems of Jane Eyre are shown as norms of a class-oriented society. People usually want to associate with other people who are of the same class to them. So, Jane was maltreated because her parents were dead, and she was seen as a poor girl. Life is usually tough and obstacles are always encountered in the process living. (Bailey, 400) There has never been life without problems. With the examples given above, there is a slight difference between Robert Stevenson’s adaptation and the original novel by Charlotte Bronte. Apart from the film not maintaining a first person narrator, it also, ends a little happier that the original