ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Patient and Disease According to Hofenberg, McKenzie & Barriga (2003) Celiac disease may affect as much as 1 child in 104 children in the United States and 1 in 99 children in Europe (4). This high prevalence makes celiac disease one of the more common chronic disorders among children. Individuals with celiac disease may present mild or atypical symptoms. However, medical awareness of these multiple presentations and diseases associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy is low and could lead to delays in diagnosis as well as increased risk of complications (Green et al, 2001). Consequently, Hill et al (200) suggested that delay in diagnosis may cause serious nutritional complications that include growth failure, delayed puberty, iron-deficiency anemia, and impaired bone health. Celiac disease has also been associated with other childhood disorders including type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency (6). Although it is still highly debatable, some investigators proposed that the early diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease could prevent the occurrence of autoimmune disorders associated with celiac disease, such as diabetes and thyroiditis (7). While the treatment of celiac disease requires strict adherence to a gluten-free diet for life, it is a great challenge for most patients. In fact, this diet can be even more problematic for children as the gluten-free diet may affect the children’s psycho-social well-being (6). The following data examines research on the clinical presentation, associated disorders, family history, and difficulties in making the diagnosis of celiac disease in children. It will also evaluate the impact of celiac disease and the gluten-free diet on the lifestyles and well-being of children with celiac disease, with close reference to their families. Hill et al (2005) have suggested that Celiac disease is now recognized with other associated conditions and syndromes. They were able to point out that high-risk populations in which the use of screening has demonstrated a 5% to 12% prevalence of celiac disease include children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, dermatitis herpetiformis, short stature, dental enamel defects, Trisomy 21, Turner’s syndrome, selective IgA deficiency, and those with first-degree relatives with celiac disease. This was similar to the observations of others, this study demonstrated celiac disease to be associated with short stature, dental enamel defects, and type 1 diabetes mellitus, and 8% of the children had at least 1first-degree relative with celiac disease. Discussion Review of Current Research In a study conducted by Rashid et al (2005) using 168 participants with children aged 2 to 3 years, 4 to 7 years, 8 to 11 years, and 12 to 5 years, patients’ symptoms reported abdominal pain as the most common. Other prominent gastrointestin
Slumdog Millionaire is a story of Jamal Malik, a boy from the slum quarters of Mumbai, who became a winner of a popular TV show – Who Wants to be a Millionaire ? Because of his success in answering all questions and winning 20 million rupees, police officers suspect him of cheating. The movie is a throwback to life experience, which helped him to obtain the necessary knowledge so that he could answer all questions by himself. The story reveals connections with other major characters – Jamal’s brother Salim and the love of his life Latika. The movie depicts hardships of life in India, poverty, poor education, and involvement in criminal activities. At the same time, it points to the significance of simple human values such as love, friendship, and family ties (Slumdog millionaire 2008). Moreover, Slumdog Millionaire is a valuable guide to Indian culture and values. For instance, opening scenes portray women in traditional clothing – sari. However, later Latika wears jeans and t-shirts, which points to the westernization of Indian culture. Moreover, it is shown that India is a country of contrasts both financial and religious, as the poor and wealthy coexist within one community as well as there are common instances of religious conflicts between Hindu and Muslims. It is depicted in the assassination of Jamal’s mother during the religious conflict and Salim and Jamal running into a rich man, as they try to escape from policemen. Also, hierarchy is shown, as Salim states that he is the head of the family once their mother gets killed. Furthermore, the role of religion in everyday life is as well highlighted. For example, it is portrayed when Salim prays and confesses to God in becoming a criminal and when Rama appears to Jamal when they try to escape from Muslim extremists. Finally, the movie ends with traditional dancing, which has become a symbol of Bollywood production and is directly associated with Indian culture (Samovar, Porter, McDaniel, & Roy, 2017; Slumgod millionaire 2008). That said, the directors portrayed the most remarkable elements of Indian culture. However, some critical determinants such as the caste system and gender differentiation are still missing. A viewer can assume that major characters are from the lowest caste because they live in slums, but it is not directly stated. At the same time, Jamal is free to choose the direction for living his life and finds the way to pursue his love. However, in real life, it is almost impossible to achieve because of the caste system and arranged marriages. Furthermore, Latika escaped from her husband without significant effort, which as well seems unreal. Nevertheless, it was clearly shown that
Introduction Over the past decades, the notion of terrorism has become a constant aspect of everyday news. Despite a steady decrease in terrorist attack incidence worldwide, acts of terrorism still tend to impact the civil population on a regular basis (Institute for Economics & Peace, 2021). In order to combat this issue, the US Homeland Security tends to strengthen international defense against mass terrorism, less largescale local terrorist attacks affect the US community. As a result, the local patterns of security and preventive health interventions lack proper preparedness for the attack, even in such common locations as subways or large shopping malls. For this reason, the primary responsibility for reacting to a terrorist attack lies within the scope of civilians’ knowledge of first aid provision and immediate assessment of the environment. Main body Prior to explicit action, the first thing to do in such a situation is to assess the environment depending on the location of terrorists and the type of attack and to outline the civilians that require help more than others. However, it is of paramount importance to realize that one’s personal safety and well-being in an emergency case are more important than the willingness to help others. If terrorist victims themselves cannot function properly, there is little chance they will be able to help others to the extent required by the circumstance. Hence, once it becomes evident that a person is able to perform assistance, one of the methods of assessment is to conduct a so-called ABCDE evaluation. According to Peate and Brent (2021), this approach stands for the assessment of one’s airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and environment. Hence, if a civilian has a blocked airway, the first thing to do is to make sure a person has access to air. In order to open the airway, it is necessary to lean one’s head back slightly while lifting the tip of the chin in order to move the tongue from the back of the throat (NHS, 2018). Once this access is established, it is vital to check the respiratory patterns and see if the person is able to breathe with an open airway. If the casualty’s breathing is not responsive, it is necessary to perform resuscitation. This process stands for compressing one’s chest for thirty seconds and then giving two mouth breaths to the casualty while covering their nose (National Counter Terrorism Security Office, 2021). The procedure should be repeated until emergency services take over the patient. However, while the performance of these operations does not necessarily require additional equipment, there are several types of injuries that can only be addressed with the help of a first-aid toolkit. Undeniably, it is necessary to check whether the location of a terrorist attack has such a tool kit prior to creating improvised tools. Considering the fact that such a coincidence is highly unlikely, Loftus et al. (2018) conducted empirical research on the potential improvised alternatives to a first aid kit. Thus, for example, when dealing with major bleeding,
Introduction The research topic is a self assessment of the effect of personality on work performance. The five-factor model is one of the most recognised methods of assessing one’s personality. Research experts also affirm that one’s personality has an adverse impact on work performance. Therefore, a self assessment of personal competencies will assist in making me more effective at work Effect of personality on work performance using the five-factor model One can define work performance in different ways depending on one’s background. Work performance can be understood in terms of organisational parameters like effectiveness, economy and efficiency. In the realm of economy, work performance is the relationship between effectiveness and low cost. Efficiency is the association between a firm’s productivity and its costs. Finally, effectiveness is the association between results and productivity. On the other hand, one may define work performance in terms of the extent to which a worker contributes towards organisational goals. However, others may individualise this parameter by defining it in terms of the effort that a worker puts into achievement of the person’s goals (Barrick et. al., 2002). Personality as assessed through the five-factor model may fall in five categories: Extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness and conscientiousness. These traits have a direct effect on one’s work performance. Extraverted persons are more likely to look forward to work because it is an opportunity to experience high levels of stimulation. Introverted employees may not respond well to stimulation so they are less likely to look forward to work. Such attitudes have direct effects on their overall performance. Extroversion is positively associated with work performance owing to this latter explanation. On the other hand, extraversion could have a higher positive impact on work performance if one’s job requires interaction with others. The factor may become moderately significant when such a quality is absent (Colbert et. al., 2004). Openness to new experiences often has a positive impact on work. Several workplaces will undergo changes, so a person who is open to new experiences is likely to take them in stride. Additionally, most employers expect their workers to go through training. People who exhibit this trait are highly optimistic about different aspects of work. As a result, they would be more willing to grow and learn about their work. This means that they have greater performance. Additionally, a person who is open to new experiences is often an original and creative person; these are qualities that are valued in modern workplaces. Neuroticism usually impairs a
The theory that resonated with me the most was Gestalt. The theory presents several important concepts that enhance our understanding of learning. For instance, it argues that perception is possible not through a simple response to the stimulus but involves the analysis of the received data in order to reach a conclusion (e.g. recognize the shape). This is done through a series of approximations that match the newly received information to the already available templates. In some instances, the conclusion is reachable without the availability of a similar experience in the past, in which case pattern recognition is solely responsible for the result (Hoffmann, 2016). This concept can be considered a strength of the theory because it is more consistent with the behaviors exhibited by the learning individual and is thus more accurate than a behaviorist perspective. Second, and, perhaps, more importantly, Gestalt theory suggests that components of a phenomenon are not to be viewed in separation since their combination is more distinctive than a sum of their individual meanings. While this concept was initially intended to explain the perception mechanisms, it can be successfully applied to other disciplines, including therapy. One example of gestalt being utilized for counseling the client is a problem of miscommunication with a co-worker or a boss. In this case, the so-called “empty chair technique” could be employed, where the patient would be seated opposite to a chair and would engage in a dialog with the imaginary manifestation of a person in question. In this way, the substitute of the environment, the physical positioning, and verbal as well as non-verbal aspects of communication are treated as necessary parts of the picture and collectively contribute to the resolution of the conflict. Reference Hoffmann, M. (2016). Cognitive, conative and behavioral neurology: An evolutionary perspective . Orlando, FL: Springer.
Chapter 1   * Try to imagine for a moment that brick by brick falls down and the American economy slows down for a period of time. What is going to happen to the real estate world?   * Imagine that the American citizens do not have enough money to buy new apartments. What is going to happen with the architectural studios, contractors and subcontractors?   * Imagine that the entire American real estate business collapses. What are the consequences in Manhattan, New York City housing and renting business?   * Where would we sleep if there was no roof to cover us from the weather conditions?   * Where all the brokers work? I have chosen the above as subject of this thesis because I would like to prove that no matter what happens with the real estate business in the United States of America, Manhattan is not affected, which only shows how strong economically this island is. Manhattan History According to the encyclopedia Wikipedia, Manhattan is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of the United States and, to varying extents, of the world. Manhattan has many famous landmarks, tourist attractions, museums, and universities. It is also home to the headquarters of the United Nations. Manhattan has the largest central business district in the United States, is the site of both the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, and is the home to the largest number of corporate headquarters in the nation. It is indisputably the center of New York City and the New York metropolitan region, holding the seat of city government, and the largest fraction of employment, business, and recreational activities.The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata. The word “Manhattan” has been translated as “island of many hills” ( Manhattan ). “It is unique in the United States for its intense use of public transportation and lack of private car ownership. While 88% of Americans nationwide drive to their jobs and only 5% use public transportation, mass transit is the dominant form of travel for residents of Manhattan, with 72% of borough residents using public transportation and only 18% driving to work. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, more than 75% of Manhattan households do not own a car. In 2007, Mayor Bloomberg proposed a congestion pricing system that would charge drivers entering Manhattan below 86th Street between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. weekdays a fee of $8 per car or $21 per truck, with lower fees for travel within the pricing zone. The plan would be modeled on a similar system in London, and is intended to improve air quality and traffic flow, with funds raised used for mass transit improvements throughout the city” ( Manhattan ). Manhattan is an Economic Engine Manhattan is the Economic Engine of New York “Manhattan is a great financial center, with some of the world’s largest banks and brokerage houses and such institutions as the New York and American stock exchanges. In the borough also are the headquarters of many large corporations and numerous manufacturing industries; the relative importance of the latter
Regan and Goneril are portrayed with various defiant actions against the inequalities occurring in the contemporary society of the male-dominated world. It is an aspect that makes them be argued as relentless and formidable unfaltering women. These women are known to have great contempt for establishing the epitome of femininity and fertility embodied by Cordelia, who is killed. Indeed, it can be stated that the systematic oppressions produce these elements in the patriarchal society. Some aspects confront the contextual and traditional ideas of the Jacobean, ideal and quintessential female. However, their actions are known to respond directly to exploitation, limitless and ingratitude incompetence of male counterparts and figures, both spousal and paternal. This article describes (with support) how Goneril and Regan show an inexhaustible will to commit atrocities and manipulation. The sisters (Regan and Goneril) apply different strategies to pursue power and ensure that they live significantly in the patriarchal society. The strategies that these women employ play a vital role in concreting their positions as both relentless and strong women. Unlike them, the other women in the society are not only submissive but also silent. Indeed, Regan and Goneril are displayed as women who are defiant to the traditional submissiveness expected from them. The female archetype is described as an element of the oppression (systematic) in the patriarchal community that supports oppression and neglect. The archetypal confrontation in this society is not only vital but also a necessity for survival. Indeed, Regan and Goneril show and pose active defiance from the paradigm of the culture, which should reflect an ideal woman. Indeed, this element is early established within the self-indulgence character of King Lear of “love test (Serpieri 13).” In this case, each of the daughters shows their manipulative capacity and boasts about their love (disingenuous) while trying to pursue power. Goneril and Regan are cunning and wit, enhanced and demonstrated with astronomical imagery of space and eyesight. Quoting, “Sir, I love you more than word can wield the matter, Dearer than eyesight, space, and liberty; Beyond what can be valued rich or rare, No less than life, with grace, health, beauty, honor (Harkins 9).” More importantly, this quote also illustrates the apparent love (boundless) for the father. It is an element emphasized further with the alliterative expressions utilized repetitively in the text. Quoting, “word can wield,” “less than life,” “rich or rare.” This aspect draws the wealthy, affluent, and natural connotative visual imagery. It is an aspect that contrasts with the fulfilled archetype of Cordelia, who is represented as a sublimated woman who is gauche and ineloquent in speech. Notably, her blind honest submission to King Lear and the norms of the society force her not only to death but also through imprisonment and exile. Goneril is a woman who goes against the contextual Jacobean ideas and expectations of fidelity, faithfulness, and purity. This aspect is shown through her assertion to the sexually provocatively suggestive advances of manipu
Prudhoe bay field is one of the largest oilfields in the US, located in Alaska. The reservoir is of the Permo-Triassic period, which covers 213,000 acres and contains over 25,000 million barrels of oil as well as 46,500 billion cubic feet of gas (Baker et al. 2). The field has been exploited since the late 1970s, although its potential has been known for some time, unable of being exploited due to the remote location of the field. Its peak production was at 1.5 million barrels a day in 1988, having substantially dwindled since, to 281,000 barrels a day today (Baker et al. 3). The field is operated by British Petroleum (BP) and has been implementing enhanced recovery methods for over 30 years. Characteristics of the Prudhoe Bay Reservoir The reservoir is dated to have appeared during the Permo-Triassic period. It is formed from a thick sandstone of deltaic form, which is about 500 feet thick (Simon and Petersen 1). Average porosity ranges between 15 and 30% BV (Simon and Petersen 2). Permeability range varies between 50-3,000 MD. The reservoir features an oil layer overlaid by gas, with the original gas-oil ratio being at 730 SCF/STB (Simon and Petersen 3). Underneath the oil column, there is a 50-feet thick tar layer, which is found above the oil-water contact line. The reservoir’s geometry presents itself as a structural stratigraphic trap dipping to the south and south-west directions with a 1-2° inclination (Simon and Petersen 3). The main area, as well as the western wing, has oil-to-water contact. Initial water saturation is at 35%, oil gravity is 28° API, while its viscosity is at 0.8 CP (Simon and Petersen 3). Natural depletion mechanisms included gravity drainage due to the large gas cap, as well as a potential solution-gas drive. There was a presence of a water drive as well, but its effects were very weak and negligible. The reservoir utilized various methods of enhanced oil recovery, such as waterflooding, gas-cap cycling, and enriched-hydrocarbon miscible methods (Thrasher et al. 1). Waterflooding was part of the original development plan and required infill-drilling, as well as water, which was obtained from the sea. It was used in areas that were not covered by the gas cap. The gas-cap cycling project started shortly after and was continued up until the early 2000s, managing a capacity output of 8,0 BCF/D (Thrasher et al. 5). Finally, the enriched-hydrocarbon miscible solution included the use of a water-alternating gas injection, which was used in various parts of the field. The efforts managed to significantly increase recovery while reaching displacement efficiency grow from 68% to 76% after nearly three decades of draining (Thrasher et al. 6). Economic Side of EOR Oil recovery methods increase the cost of oil by 0.5-8.0 USD per ton of the gas used (James 271). At the same time, the method allows for increased extraction, allowing to provide more product to the buyer and benefit from increasing oil prices. Therefore, the method is viable only