ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the seventeenth century such as a country as the Netherlands could be distinguished among many other European states. In particular, one can speak about such trends as the growth of commerce, welfare of citizens, and the evolution of arts and sciences. Moreover, it is possible to identify such values of people as independence, entrepreneurship, and unwillingness to accept encroachments on one’s rights or liberties. These are the questions that should be discussed. When speaking about the values of Dutch people, one should first mention that they attached much importance to independent entrepreneurship and commerce. This is one of the reasons why middle classes played an important role in this society (Hunt 507). These middle classes are represented in various works of art created in this country. For instance, it is possible to mention Jan Steen’s painting The Baker Arent Oostward and His Wife (Hunt 511). To a great extent, this picture represents people who were not dependent on the state because they could earn their living. This is one of the issues that can be identified. Furthermore, the paintings, which were created during the Dutch Golden Age, often lay stress on such an activity as production (Slide 10). These values are reflected in the writings of people who visited the Dutch Republic; among them, one can distinguish John Locke who was able to learn more the political and economic development of the country (Lualdi 71). To some degree, social, economic, and political life of the country affected his views on the role of the state and production (Locke unpaged Second Treatese ). Moreover, the artworks created during this period suggest the seventeenth century Dutch attached importance to science as one of the factors could contribute to social progress (Slide 3). This is one of the aspects that can be distinguished. Moreover, the film Girl with a Pearl Earring throws light such a quality as people’s unwillingness to blame others for one’s misfortunes. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about Griet who has to work very hard in order to support her family ( Girl with a Pearl Earring ). However, one can say that the Dutch Republic also faced several challenged. For instance, one can speak about lack of social protection. It should be mentioned that Griet’s family went almost broke when her father, who was a painter, lost his eyesight ( Girl with a Pearl Earring ). Additionally, one should mention that she is treated as an inferior person by other people, only because she is poor ( Girl with a Pearl Earring ). This is the main challenge that she has to overcome. So, one cannot say that this society was completely devoid of problems
Introduction Teaching Web design in secondary school can present significant challenges. However, the need for Web sites among organizations makes it a worthy learning course. This is because most contents formerly available in other forms are now online. Web design students and teachers should demonstrate skills in graphic, photography, and art among others. The three main areas of Web design are construction and layout patterns, content and images, and management of the site. These areas must focus on usability, mortised, and multimedia aspects of the site. The Web design industry experiences rapid changes. Thus, it remains difficult to predict the outcome of the coming years. However, students and teachers shall still rely on currently available technology for their works. Further, Web designers shall apply different techniques in the creation of new sites. A notable change in the Web design industry is building the framework. For instance, we have experienced changes from the table-based HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) to XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language). There are also Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) based designs that use style sheets to style pages, rather than XHTML table structure which requires many codes (Eccher, 2011). Designers can use various approaches in Web designing. However, the guiding philosophy should be aesthetic (professional feel), usability (ease of accessing and processing information), and functionality (functional aspects of the site such as data contents) of the Web site. The practical nature of Web design requires teachers to facilitate the learning process. This is because Web design requires creativity and learners’ potential (Goldstein, 1986). Thus, the process must empower learners and enable them to have control of the design process. Construction and layout Students and teachers must recognize that a good layout is necessary for presentation of professional image of the site. It also enhances usability of the Web site through ease of information access. Layout and construction refer to positioning elements of the Web site as necessary to improve usability. Web designers must consider positioning and scrolling when constructing the Web layout. The initial stage in teaching Web designing involves learning the construction and layout. These are the basic steps in developing a functional Web site. The process may involve creating layouts through editing an existing template or creating a new layout. Students can use software packages like Adobe Illustrator for creating drawing and graphics and Adobe Photoshop for editing images to create Web sites. Web designers use Adobe Dreamweaver to connect both the Photoshop and Illustrator to the Web. This ensures that the program
The Webster dictionary defines tort as an action which causes harm to other people (Fleming, 1992). It can also be termed as a civil wrong caused when individuals indulge themselves in unreasonable actions. Tort claims are based on the belief that people should always take responsibility of their actions, especially, when such actions cause injuries to other people. The tort laws are divided into two categories which are known as intentional and negligent torts. Just as the name suggests, intentional torts are actions imposed on specific kinds of offences committed with the offender’s full knowledge of the expected outcome. This kind of tort is proven if a person commits it with very clear knowledge of the outcome of the actions (Hill, 1991). Examples of two common types of intentional torts include assault which is an intentional attempt to hurt a person by inflicting fear and battery which are the acts of hurting a person physically. On the other hand, tort of negligence refers to all the actions that violate the expected standards of duty and care without intentions of doing so. A claimant is required to prove four main elements when reporting negligence tort. One is supposed to prove on the duty to protect the actual injury, breach of duty and the proximate cause (Mallor, 2010). Every individual in the society is required by law to take responsibility of caring for all the people, hence every person is liable to duty to protect. This, therefore, means that people are required by the law to do things perfectly, always avoiding all the forms of negligence and recklessness that can cause harm to other members of the society. For instance, all the doctors are entrusted with the responsibility of taking care of their patients by prescribing appropriate medications as well as providing them with the right treatment (Stein, 2002). An individual is liable to breach of duty in instances where one fails to exercise reasonable standards of care when attending to other people. This can happen intentionally or unintentionally through exposing other people to dangerous situations which pose threats and consequently result to some sort of damages (Fleming, 1992). This concept can be imposed implicitly or expressly. For instance, if individuals enter into a given contract, the terms and conditions of the contract are likely to impose certain duties and rights on all the contract parties. In cases where one party fails to honor the terms and conditions of the contract, it is liable to breach of duty to the other ones (Peck, 1990). The law, however, expects individuals engaged in particular relationships, such as family relationships, to take the duty of responsibility. For instance, the law places high standards of care on parents with the responsibility of taking care of their children, hence a stranger m
Even since its conception, the idea of communism has always been appealing, although its practical implementation might not have done the theory justice. It is often presented as a more humane alternative to capitalism and the ultimate solution to most problems caused by the system. Technological advancements have made it possible to consider communism from the perspective of using technologies to spread socioeconomic equality. Aaron Bastani presents the image of such a society in his manifesto, although its viability is questionable. The name of the suggested type of communism implies an association with technologies, although it is not evident at first. Thus, society might reach such a high level of technological advancement that it will ensure universal prosperity, allowing people to travel and try something they could not before (Bastani 189). Moreover, Bastani indicates that everyone may be as rich as billionaires, essentially eliminating the issue the countries which adopted the ideology in the past had – equally low payment (189). However, it appears that the system plans to abolish wages, creating an entirely new formation (Bastani 189). Thus, fully automated luxury communism is supposed to replace capitalism and resolve the glaring issues associated with it. Unfortunately, I do not share Bastani’s optimism and consider his ideas utopic. He puts too much emphasis on technologies but forgets that the most advanced ones necessary to implement the system belong to the top corporations, and they are unlikely to go against their interests. It is also doubtful that the new state of affairs will halt ecological problems; if anything, those will become more severe. Another point is the fate of the current billionaires, who will probably be unwilling to part with their wealth. While I sympathize with having a new system and discarding capitalistic vices, as it stands now, such a development seems improbable. Work Cited Bastani, Aaron. Fully Automated Luxury Communism: A Manifesto . London, Verso, 2019.
Introduction A project can be described as a temporary endeavor that is undertaken by an organisation with an aim of providing it with a new products or services (Lock 2007, p. 5). Projects are characterised by new features, which serve the role of creating a distinction between the new and the old functions carried out by a firm on a daily basis. Thus, a project can be carried out by functional-based organisation or a project-based organisation. However, different projects call for different necessities in achieving projects’ objectives; these necessities are often termed as project’s resources. This paper will focus on project management of a bakery firm known as CME, which is a functional firm that has introduced health and fitness project to improve the performance of its employees. I will provide an informed report on the team’s project management by reflecting on critical issues, including group achievement, lesson learnt from working in a group, course elements, individual contribution to the project, and individual learning on project management. Report Group Achievements To start with, this project was aimed at improving the performance of the employees. The primary objective of this project was to manage the weight of the employees, and consequently reduce their levels of stress. In this regard, the specialist came up with a target of reducing the weight of all employees to below 130 kg in order to enable the firm get the best out of them. To achieve this end, the project came up with recreational programs, including bowling game, lawn tennis, and soccer, among other sports. In addition to this, the project aimed at facilitating a financial benefit for the firm though saving $ 50 from each employee. And with about 500 employees in the firm, the total savings expected were $ 2500 per year, which were to be realised after the firm negotiates lower insurance premium. To measure these targets against the actual, the project management collected data on improvement of employees’ weight, as this helped to determine whether the project was viable in achieving the organisation’s objectives. However, even though the project did not attain the set target of ensuring that every employee was below the weight of 130 kg, I am contended with the specialist report since it managed to improve the health status of the employees, and this turned to be beneficial to their morale towards work performance. Thus, the project does not fall short of its expectation even though it did not fully achieve its objectives. In addition to this, the management products achieved by the project team proved to be of paramount importance in rev
Abstract This essay is addressing the issues of teachers, their work place and their motivation, additionally analyzing the issue when the standards of trust and moral responsiveness which attributed to administrators and supervisors are higher than to teachers. Introduction In analyzing the administration and supervision as a general concept, some other issues such as responsibility and moral values should be addressed. This statement is especially true when the concept of administration is realized in such a work place as school. The school and the educational system as whole is combined of such factors as competency and effectiveness. However, these issues should be realized in different perspectives according to the teachers and indeed the school administration. Analysis School always reflects the processes of changes in the all spheres of the vital activities of people. The reconstructions in the society created real prerequisites for the democratization and humanizations of schools, for the renovation of control system of education. If understanding the motives, which impel man to be active, it is possible to purposefully influence his behavior and his performance. Analysis and actualization of motives have important significance for the administrative sectors. In addition it could be noted that leaders, teachers, trainer, who are familiar on how to motivate others, in general, reach considerable results. The motivation in general and the motivation of the teacher in particular, is one of the fundamental problems for psychology and pedagogy. Its significance for the educational practice is so great that the interest and the attention of the scientists to different aspects of this problem did not weaken for a period of many decades. As it should be considered that the students’ motivation is related directly to the teachers, and if coordinating the hierarchy structure, the motivation for the teachers could be directly addressed to the administration of the school. (Garubo & Rothstein, 1998, p. 130) The administrative role is usually facing dilemmas in making changes in choosing between the educational purposes and the structural reformations and these “dilemmas derive from a deeper, more fundamental tension that exists within the occupation of administrator” (Jacobson, Hickcox, & Stevenson, 1996, p. 7) The role of supervision or in case of the school, the administration should not be underestimated in the whole educational process. In enlightening the challenges that appear before the administration, it should be mentioned
Training and employee empowerment I strongly agree that training does not give conclusive empowerment to the employees. Through training, employees get the skills to perform their duties, but this depends on other aspects. I would be best empowered by a manager who seeks to involve me in decision-making and consider my opinions. S/he should allow me to make decisions and work out problems on my own on top of trusting me. In addition, s/he should not keep grudges when I make a mistake; on the contrary, s/he should forgive and encourage me. A manager should be an understanding person who appreciates that we are all humans and will err at times. A motivating manager should not shout at me when I make mistakes but should extol me when I make an achievement. On the other hand, s/he should not accept all my decisions; at times, s/he should challenge my stand. Finally, s/he should not be an absolute decision-maker, but a collaborative leader, a problem solver, not a troublemaker. As a manager, I would empower employees by making sure they focus on customer needs. In addition, I would encourage and support them in creating a customer-oriented culture, allow them to make some decisions, leave them to solve problems and build trust in them. Finally, I would avoid direct control of the employees’ duties and responsibilities. An example is a case where I worked for a certain bank under a manager who was always at my back and shouted at me whenever I made mistakes. For many days, I lacked the confidence to perform and improve. Resolving Conflicts After doing the management style test, I realized that I am an accommodator, a manager/ leader who will not compete with employees or dictate their ways. I realized that, as a manager, I would seek contribution and cooperation from my juniors. Moreover, I recognized that I am a manager who will sacrifice in honor of the employees’ demands in a bid to offer them satisfaction. However, according to the conflict-management styles scoring graph, this amounts to low goal orientation and high relationship orientation, which shows that my concern for personal goals is low while my concern for relationships is deep. Sometimes back, I led a group of youths, and two of them quarreled over the use of the groups’ money. This conflict grew to the point where both almost fought. Each of the two believed that his case and argument was the correct one. Since I knew the source of the conflict and the nature of the conflict itself, I created time with each of them separately and advised them that altercation would not solve but aggravate our problem. In the end, both saw the need to agree and avoid conflicts. I then had time with both, where each apologized to the other and sought forgiveness. In this case, according to the Conflict Management Style Test, this would mean that harmony comes on the basis that the conflict would lead to the destruction of friendly relations. It would al
The debate of free will and determinism has perplexed philosophers for many years now. The term ‘free will’ is used in Philosophy to denote a particular sort of capacity given to rational agents to select a course of action from various available alternatives (O’Connor para. 1). Determinism is the philosophical principle claiming that all actions results from foregoing events or natural causes. Advocates of determinism suggest that the concept of free will is an illusion since agents are no more capable of controlling situations with their rational minds than any other irrational matter. On their part, advocates of free will argue that a universe in which rational agents do not actually make their own rational choices as suggested by determinism has no morality (“Determinism” para. 2). This paper compares the philosophical thoughts of William James and Jean-Paul Sartre on the concept of free will. Although James believed in free will purely on ethical grounds, he vehemently argued that neither science nor his own introspections supported the tenets of free will. In Pragmatism , James argued that in situations where one action appears as coherent as the other, there would be no standard whatsoever to judge one action as necessary than the other (Dubin 1). For example, if an individual is given an alternative of looking to the left or right, there exists no scientific ground to argue that turning to the left is necessary or turning to the right is just a matter of chance. An advocate of atheistic existentialism, Sartre argued that individuals must rely on their own imperfect will and moral insight since there is no God (O’Connor para 23). Although both philosophers believed in free will, Sartre’s argument seems more atheistically designed to back t
Introduction The need for decent housing is a problem that faces mostly the poor all over the world. In developed countries, free markets leads to innovation and productivity that obey economic laws of demand and supply. Half of every population lives on an income below the median hence housing prices are controlled by market quality demands. The consequence of this reality is that irrespective of whether individuals rent or buy houses, decent housing is typically affordable only to half of a given population. It is therefore impossible for markets alone to satisfactorily provide housing for the poorest of any nation. The results of this in urban areas are spontaneous communities of informally build homes or shanty towns, and expanding slums sprouting in a mushroom like manner in the outskirts especially in developing areas. The impoverished population builds and inhibits the slums if to control left to market forces because it is the most viable realistic option economically sensible to them. This has been the trend for the last two centuries with different large cities experiencing higher rates of informal settlements at different times: 1795 for London, 1855 for Boston, 1905 for New York City, and 1995 Mexico City to name a few. Poor rural areas especially in places of harsh environmental conditions, too faces this degree of housing problems due to monetary inabilities. Marginalized communities with low economic income find themselves in indecent housing that hardly meet their needs. There is need therefore to assist in provision of good sustainable housing in these places by governments and other private independent bodies willing to do so. The truth of the matter is no single institution is currently in a position to completely eliminate poverty and the effects associated with it such as hunger, poor housing and bad healthcare systems. Different organisations however make effort to elevate these conditions for the less fortunate and normally focus on specific regions at a time, targeting particular problems. Some of the international bodies that concentrate on provision of affordable housing are UN-HABBITAT, and Plan International. Engineers Without Borders (EWB) is one of the institutions that provide among other things decent housing, water resources, food production and processing to the poor and has chosen Bendee Downs in Queensland as a community to benefit from their services. With a vision that aims to provide solutions to problems faced by developing communities worldwide especially in areas that affect health, and using their diverse technical expertise, EWB planned improvement of the Bendee Downs will completely change the lives of many for the better. This project aims to not only provide good housing to the residents of Bendee Downs, but also improve wat
In his essay “Othello,” Ed. Michelle Lee concentrates upon different approaches to studying Othello and the contexts in which the play is interpreted; in this connection, he considers some of the approaches by different authors. He starts by briefly retelling the main events of Othello and proceeds to state that modern critics’ main concern is about the subjects of race and gender in their analyses of the play. He also believes that “the drama is studied by them within the contexts of early modern colonialist and patriarchal discourse.” (3). Here Ed. Michelle Lee tells about Elise Marks’ drawing attention to the uniqueness of Shakespeare’s Moor as demonstrated by several notable productions of the drama. He also explains her thoughts towards the demands of an actor playing the role of Othello . The next approach to Othello considered by the author belongs to Annie Loomba: she also investigates the drama taking into account the realities of European colonialism. At the same time, she underscores the work’s status as the product