ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Human resources management is a rather complicated matter of studying, but every student of this course realizes the importance of the knowledge got during it for the further development of his or her future career. The state in which the resources management is in a certain company predetermines the success and the level of the market competitiveness of this company, that is why companies all over the world are interested in the recruitment of skillful staff managers who can improve their work (Bennet, p. 49). The current paper is discussing the experience of the Volvo Plant in Uddevalla, Sweden as the brightest example of how the improved management can take the company’s competitiveness in the market to a higher level. We are going to discuss the main principles used in the work of the Volvo Plant, see how effective they were and if they are possible to implement at other companies in the sphere of car assembly. To begin with, let us state that the experiences of the Uddevalla Volvo Plant have taught many lessons to the management of the Volvo Company itself, other car-producing companies, and scientists that deal with the questions of people’s behavior and motivation. One of the greatest lessons was the ability of a skillful manager to change the situation in an enterprise that seemed to be embraced by stagnation. In the late 1980s – early 1990s, the plant in Uddevalla was experiencing problems with the competitiveness of its goods in the market and with the efficiency of the production process and the management established the team system that was developed to overcome the crisis. It seemed to give results only at the initial stages of its implementation, but by 1992, the stagnation showed that the chosen program was not effective (Sloan, p. 37). Only after this, the Volvo management appointed the new manager for that plant who showed how to improve the situation. He changed the organization of the production process and the whole hierarchy of the plant to make it less complicated and more understandable for the staff. Thus, the best lesson in people’s motivation was taught as far as at once after the new plan implementation, the staff expressed their support to the new manager and his policies: “Previously, we had only felt pressure from management to reach our targets. Now we really got support and did many things, often small improvements we had never bothered to do” (Sloan, p. 37). The lessons that can be studied from the practices of the Uddevalla plant are numerous and mainly display the importance of motivation for the increase of work efficiency in routine work. The manager of the plant under cons
Abstract This study focuses on uncovering and synthesizing evidence which attempts to answer the research question of how fossil and genetic analysis of ancient creatures cumulatively contribute to the understanding of the evolution of limbs. This evolutionary mechanism is one of the most complexes and has been, until recently, largely unknown to researchers, which is why it was selected for investigation. By combining morphology and genitive evolutionary biology, the transition from fish to tetrapods becomes clearer. The study adds to the existing knowledge by offering a comprehensive combined perspective on the issue and examining recent research on the topic. A comprehensive synthesis and analysis of scholarly literature were conducted to aid in this research. It was concluded that both fossil and genetic approaches offer unique insight into the evolutionary processes and it is necessary to use both to understand the evolution of limbs in tetrapods. Introduction The evolution of limbs is one of the most critical aspects of biological evolution, occurring when marine creatures developed into tetrapods. Limbs provided a significant shift as life could now live on land. This transformation is one of the most mysterious but also well-studied concepts of evolutionary biology. The mechanisms responsible for the modification of components in fish that resulted in transformation into limbs are complex and new research continuously challenges previously held perceptions regarding the topic. Fossil and genetic information can contribute to the understanding of limb evolution by examining the change over time and gene expressions affecting the evolution. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to examine the fossil and genetic evidence which informs modern paleontologists about the evolution of limbs in biological life and the arrival of tetrapods. The research question is whether currently availa
Philippe Diaz’s documentary, The End of Poverty , is a piece that attempts to dissect the causes of the huge economic inequalities that exist between countries in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. The documentary, through the narrator Martin Sheen, gives a graphic description of the years of exploitation that have turned American and European countries into economic superpowers while, at the same time, impoverishing the weak economies of the developing world. The poverty, suffering and misery in the Third World are brought to life in the documentary. A central argument that the documentary focuses on is the supply of raw materials to the developed countries. Diaz explains that the ever hungry industries of the developed world import raw materials from the developing countries at a very low cost and use the raw materials to convert their own countries into export economies for finished products. The producers of these raw materials in Africa and Latin America continue wallowing in untold poverty despite the effort they put into production (Diaz, 2009). What makes this documentary especially poignant is the realization that the exploitation of these economies has been going on for many centuries. Lack of technology and means of value addition mean that the miners and the farmers do not get the true value of their efforts. Bolivian miners and sugarcane farmers in Brazil are shown in graphic detail toiling daily with no commensurate reward while the world economy continues to be controlled by the rich economies. The colonial legacy that is all too evident in the developing countries is also illuminated in the documentary. It documents how the impoverished countries pay huge amounts of money to their former colonial masters to repay debts that were built up in the course of the colonial period. The independence governments of the developing countries are forced to shoulder the burden of their colonial masters who accumulated these debts during the colonial period. As these countries repay these huge debts, their citizens continue to suffer under the burden of social inefficiencies. The issues explored in the documentary have been the subjects of debate in many social and economic forums, with the poor countries attempting in vain to highlight the serious issues that confront them. The point that Diaz makes is that poor nations are not seeking for aid and financial assistance but justice over the exploitation that they have endured over the centuries (Diaz, 2009). Financial institutions such as the World Bank come under intense criticism for this state of affairs with Diaz castigating their lopsided economic policies regarding the poor nations. However, the documentary fails in one critical area: the prescription it gives in solving the problem of poverty. Towards the end, the film delves into what is obviously an unworkable solution to the prob
Even though it seems that being a disabled person is already a curse that cannot become more dreadful, recent researches show that obese disabled people suffer even worse than slimmer challenged people. Hence, it cannot be denied that even the objects that people are surrounded with are the manifestation of the discrimination towards the disabled overweight people. One of the first and the foremost problems is the lack of comfort that obese disabled people experience in various kinds of transport, for instance, in airplanes, when accommodating themselves in the seats. Since a single seat is not enough and the person sitting next to an overweight might feel uncomfortable, an additional ticket is to be purchased. Another essential part of the complexities that obese challenged people often encounter when entering public places is the problem concerning the bathroom stalls. Designed for slim people, these tube-like stalls are not suitable for the accommodation of an overweight person. Therefore, it is obvious that the stalls construction is to be modified to suit the needs and the specific state of obese disabled people. Moreover, it is necessary to mark that the rows in the lecture halls are very tight, which presupposes certain difficulties for an overweight person to overcome. There is no doubt that the current construction of lecture halls is an explicit case of discrimination towards the obese disabled people. Considering a specific scenario, one must suggest that it will be most uncomfortable for an overweight disabled person to move between the rows to his/her seat; moreover, the situation will obviously draw the attention of the public, which will be even more confusing for the given person. Speaking of the rows and seats in halls, the Concert Hall has to be mentioned as the place that is not designed to suit the overweight. Since the seats are extremely tight, the latter simply fail to accommodate themselves there. Hence, a number of problem for obese disabled people arise. For instance, it would be impossible for an overweight disabled person to accommodate him-/herself in the Concert Hall; as a result, the given person will have to sit on the stairs, which will be most inconvenient. It is also reasonable to mention the revolving doors which might presuppose a confusing situation for an overweight disabled person. Because of the lack of space between the sections of the doors, it is practically impossible for the obese disabled people to enter the building. In addition, the cases when an overweight challenged person got stuck in a revolving door are actually quite numerous. Hence, it cannot be argued that pivoting doors pose another obstacle on the way of the obese disabled people to a regular, comfortable life, both figuratively and literally. Another problem that overweight disabled people often face and that can be considered as a manifestation of explicit discrimination towards the obese disabled is the case of accommodating the latter in cars and fastening the seatbelts. In addition, whenever an obese and challenged pe
There is no secret that social networking has become an integral part of the present-day reality. Personal conversations are no longer as popular as they used to be in the recent past, and live communication has been substituted by its virtual equivalent. It goes without saying that there are a number of advantages in communicating online; however, the latter also possesses a lot of negative features, not to mention the fact that it ousts live communication out and, therefore, can trigger further complexities in teenagers’ interaction in reality. To be fair, one must introduce the key advantages of social networking first. As a matter of fact, there are a number of issues that make social networking worthwhile, and the key one is the pool of opportunities for learning, experiencing and getting new skills. As Godwin stresses, such applications as Innovative Language Learning (Godwin 5) are no longer something out of the ordinary. Hence, learning opportunities for teenagers is a massive advantage of social networks. However, when speaking about the negative impacts of the social networking and the way it shapes teenagers, one must take into account the reasons which stand behind a teenager’s decision to create a profile in a social network. According to the recent researches conducted by Danah Boyd, what attracts teenagers in online networking is the fact that they can get closer to their idols, i.e., movie/music stars, DJs, etc. Herein lies the difference between the behavior of an adult and a teenager in a social network system: “While many adults find value in socializing with strangers, teenagers are more focused on socializing with people they knew personally and celebrities that they adore” (Boyd 121-122). Hence, for teenagers, social networking functions as a worldwide fan club, which also affects the communication negatively, focusing it on a single aspect. In addition, though social networking does score a couple of points for the above-mentioned feature, it is still necessary to admit that the given means of communication has failed to improve some of the issues which appear regularly in the course of live communication among teenagers. For instance, the problem of social outcasts, weirdly enough, exists even in online social networks, such as MySpace and others. According to the research conducted by Costa, Beham, Reinhardt, and Sillaots, in which students were to engage into microblogging, “Some respondents also alluded to the fact they decided to adopt a more passive approach, as they preferred to take part in the microblogging activity as observers and not engage fully with it (Costa, Beham, Reinhardt, and Sillaots 7). Hence, social networks in general and microblogging in particular do not solve communicational problems – instead, they take it to another level. For those, who find communication difficult in reality, online networkin
One of the biggest issues debated by many scholars and philosophers is the existence of God (Vaughn 19). The design argument presented below tries to prove that God exists.  1. Modern infrastructures and artifacts portray the purposeful design of mankind.  2. Similarly, the natural universe has unique features as those of the artificial world.  3. That being the case, there are high chances that the natural world was created by an intelligent and all-knowing God who had a unique intention.  4. However, the natural universe is characterized by gigantic, complex, and fascinating features compared to those of the artificial world.  5. Therefore it should be agreeable that a Supreme Being (also God) must have created this natural universe. From a personal perspective, I strongly believe that this argument is credible. This is the case because everything in the universe manifests God’s power and superiority. Those who want to believe that God exists should look at the things around them. By so doing, they will observe that such things must have originated from a Supreme Being (Vaughn 22). This is also the same thing with the built environment. The presence of magnificent artificial structures is a clear indication that someone must have worked hard to produce them. Some people might go further to present an argument against the existence of God. For example, they might argue that the features observed in the world might have been designed by more than one divine creator (Vaughn 23). This means that there is no conclusion to a single creator of the universe. Such individuals might go further to argue that the universe was created by aliens or different deities. The Problem of Evil The problem of evil continues to take center-stage in many theological and philosophical arguments. The existence of human suffering and evil challenges the notion that there is a perfect Supreme Being or God. With God being all-knowing, chances are high that He understands the presence of evil in the universe (Vaughn 13). This means that the all-powerful Supreme Being should always do something to address all forms of suffering in the universe. The presence of endless suffering, therefore, contradicts the existence of a good creator. The challenge associated with this conflict is what constitutes the problem of evil. I strongly think that theists have a strong defense against this argument. Although the existence of evil is something unwelcoming to many, it tends to encourage man to focus on his creator. Evil and suffering can encourage human being
Introduction Joshua Reynolds is one of the most famous artists of the 18th century. Reynolds was born in July 1723 in Plimpton St Maurice at Devon. He is widely known as one of the most influential painters of the 18th century. He has influenced a large number of people. He was among the top English painters of the century. His works specialized mainly on portraits and the promotion of Grand style that depended on idealizing the imperfect 1 . He is also widely known as one of the founders of the President of the Royal Academy. Joshua Reynolds’ career in art began in 1940 when he started his career as a portrait painter beginner or trainee. He was trained by Thomas Hudson until 1743. From 1748, Joshua Reynolds travelled to Rome where he took Old Masters. It was while he was studying at Rome that he developed a passion for Grand Style. However, his work was slightly affected when a severe cold hampered his hearing ability. Joshua Reynolds also worked in London from 1753. He is widely known for his contribution to the development of the Royal Society of Arts. One of his major rivals was Thomas Gainsborough who was also a famous artist of the time. However, Joshua Reynolds managed to outperform all his rivals in the century due to his distinguishable work. His lectures are still useful to date and are widely used in art. He was known as one of the most determined individuals of his time. Discussion Through his reputation and great work in art, Joshua Reynolds had a significant social and cultural impact. His work significantly influenced other people, especially while interacting with others. He was engaged in various social activities, either as a lecturer, client or employee among others. His work during the 18th century can be attributed to his excellence in the work of arts. Due to his fame as a portrait painter, Joshua Reynolds attracted much interests. He constantly enjoyed communication with many wealth people, both men and women. He was able to gain charisma that made him more influential. He was mainly involved with the middle class. As a lecturer, Joshua Reynolds was very popular among his students. He used his lectures to provide artistic education among his student. He had a chance to communicate his ideologies among the young scholars. This implies that Joshua Reynolds may have had a massive impact on culture and other social aspects.
Introduction One of the tasks delegated to the management function in an organization is the implementation of organizational culture geared toward creating a good working environment for the human assets in an organization. Organizational cultures are developed to steer companies toward the development of certain values that dictate on the behavior of the member of the company. It follows that the application of good organizational cultures opens the grounds for employees in a given company to develop good rapports with each other, and this promotes the attainment of ultimate competence on the performance of individual members of the organization. A good organizational culture can serve as a motivational factor for the members of the organization. The management function has the obligation to ensure that the values set for the human assets in an organization to follow are geared toward creating a good working environment. It is common for companies to conduct various organizational changes to maintain high performance on the part of the employees. This paper will look into several aspects of an organization with reference to the current news on the aspects evaluated. Environment and organizational culture Organizational cultures develop an internal environment with a perception of shared values among the members of the organization; thus, they can be effective in developing high performing workforce or they can fail if there is resistance on the part of the employees. The effectiveness of organizational culture depends on the level of acceptance portrayed by the human assets of an organization. The acceptance of a new culture is dependent on the environment that the values develop in the company. The environment in an organization comprises of how employees relate to each other and the management through the values set by the organizational culture. In the current modern era, many companies have failed in the application of organizational cultures that best suit their companies’ internal and external environments. The external environment is consists the society, competitors, suppliers, and customers (Ravasi & Schultz 2006, p. 434). The internal environment in organizations should possess effective communication channels to create an environment where employees can communicate directly to their leaders. The channels help in the delivery of information in an effective way; hence it can be used in the advocacy for organizational changes (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg & Coulter 2011). One of the most eminent constraints for organizational cultures is resistance from the employees. Resistance occurs when the management develops oppressive values in the culture, especially in multi-cultural organizations. An organizational culture must be centered in the beliefs of the members of the comp
Overview: Ad Description Appendix 1 shows a grey, white and black advert comprising of a plus-sized woman lying down on her right side. Her right arm is resting on the ground and folded to support her head. The woman has tilted her head to make her seem like she is looking forward and diagonally. She has also let her short hair free to fall on her back. In terms of dressing, she has a grey T-shirt with the ‘Abercrombie & Fitch’ text on her bust area and black fitting shorts, which reveal her thighs. In addition, she has body art on her right arm, upper left arm and just above her knees. The white text, “Attractive & Fat” is placed just above the woman with the letter “F” partially hidden by the woman’s thighs. Although this is a denotative meaning of the advert, advertisements are built around semiotics to help persuade consumers’ to purchase products while using the societal culture as leverage. Therefore, they have connotative meaning. With this in mind, this paper critically deconstructs the advert to reveal its connotative meaning. Obvious Message The obvious message or intent of the advert is trying to persuade plus-sized women in the western, liberal world into believing that Abercrombie & Fitch brand of clothing is suitable for plus-sized women because the company’s clothes makes them feel attractive. The “Abercrombie & Fitch” text on the woman’s bust area is a sign that the woman is modeling for the company’s clothes. In the fashion industry, manufacturing an image in advertisement seeks to persuade buyers to change their habits. Therefore, to reach to and persuade plus-sized women to accept Abercrombie & Fitch clothes, the advert uses or ‘manufacturers’ a plus-sized woman who is a model of the targeted population. This is in addition to dressing the woman in Abercrombie & Fitch clothes that are seemingly attractive, liberating or ‘cool’ by societal standards to form an ideal plus-sized woman. More so, the ad creators focus on the target group insecurities to persuade them to purchase clothes. Ideally, the society does not consider plus-sized women as attractive. This makes them have low-self esteem and feel unattractive. The dress code of the woman in the ad exhibits an attractive person full of confidence. Markedly, although plus-sized, she is not afraid to wear clothes that show off her body, including her thighs and arms. In addition, her non-verbal codes show confidence. She is resting comfortably on the ground with her chin up. This makes plus-sized women believe that with Abercrombie & Fitch clothes, they can deal with their weaknesses, feel attractive and confident. Convincingly, with the phrase “attractive & Fat” written in white color to symbolize a new beginning, Abercrombie & Fitch is making a statement that their clothes will change the plus-sized women’s live