ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Research Topic   * Collaboration between Saudi Arabia and China will lead to benefit of both parties.   * Global education will contribute to bringing unemployment rates in China down. Research type : phenomenology (qualitative). Global education as an integral part of the globalization process and the means to improve the financial state of the residents of China by reducing unemployment rates through global education programs allowing for having qualified staff and the following upgrade of the state economy, which Arab Emirates will assist in. Research Background   * Human Development Index (2010): 1,500,000,000 people in 90 countries live in “multidimensional poverty” (Santos 1);   * Though the poverty issue has been addressed in China recently, the rates are still deplorable (Ravallion 3);   * The poverty problem is linked directly to unemployment, which, in its turn, is caused by unavailability of solid education (Cheung and Delavega 73);   * Saudi Arabia may offer Chinese students cheaper and more efficient education;   * Global education principles (i.e., “global linkages, cross-cultural understanding ” (Crawford and Kirby 59), etc.) must be utilised to facilitate education experience exchange between China and Saudi Arabia. Hypothesis and Literature Review Insights Insights   * Globalization process offers a plethora of education opportunities;   * Global education leads to improvements in the state economy and finances;   * Global education helps resolve the unemployment problem. Hypothesis A unique SLL strategy and a change in financial policies of the Saudi Arabian higher educational establishments will constitute a global education approach designed and implemented by Saudi Arabia will help stabilise the financial situation in China. What Affects the Process and What May Ensue Factors   * Possible language barrier;   * Financial concerns, including payment for the university courses;   * Differences between the Chinese and the Saudi curricula;   * Possible culture clash. Forward Thinking   * Incorporating various qualitative data (i.e., surveys, statistics, reports, etc.);   * Analysis of the existing case studies;   * Addressing the language issue;   * Designing an efficient conflict management strategy. Reference List Cheung, Monit and Elena Delavega. “Child Savings Accounts: Learning from Poverty Reduction Policies in the World.” International Social Work 55.1 (2012), 71-94. Crawford, Elizabeth O. and Misty M. Kirby. “Fostering Students’ Global Awareness: Technology Applications in Social Studies Teaching and Learning.” Journal of Curriculum and Instruction 2.1 (2008), 56–73. Print.
Cultural competency in nursing refers to a health care worker’s ability to provide patients with the most effective medical treatment while simultaneously demonstrating cultural knowledge about their beliefs, race, and values. It necessitates being aware of a patient’s cultural diversity and treating them as such. Culturally competent nurses can empathize with patients more deeply, relate to them more closely, and pay attention to their needs. Patients in hospitals are frequently irritated or worried. Having someone on their care team who speaks their language or understands their background might help them relax, leading to more treatment and overall care. Because the population is becoming increasingly varied, cultural components must be included in the nursing curriculum. Students will use theoretical and practical knowledge to combine cultural skills with evidence-based practice, helping them become more culturally competent practitioners. As a result, we may anticipate patients being treated holistically and receiving culturally appropriate care. In the mid-1950s, the groundwork for transcultural nursing was laid. In 1950, Peplau, a nurse, was the first to propose that culture significantly affected mental health. With population shifts and migration, there has been a surge in interest in Leininger’s transcultural nursing approach. Leininger advocated for cross-cultural nursing initiatives (Chang et al., 2018). In 2017, the journal BMC Medical Ethics published a comprehensive assessment of over ten years of research on implicit bias in healthcare practitioners. Unfortunately, the data revealed that unconscious bias still exists in healthcare settings, influencing care quality and equity (FitzGerald & Hurst, 2017). As a result, medical organizations and institutions must devote more attention to this problem. Cultural competence is essential because it allows the nurse to provide the best care to each patient, resulting in excellent patient satisfaction and care. Without cultural competence, the healthcare sector will suffer a significant setback, limiting the services it can provide. Professional health providers with good background and understanding of cultural competency are less likely to hold stereotypes and think myopic ways. It also enables them to provide the most satisfactory service to everyone, regardless of socioeconomic status or religious beliefs. These efforts assist them in keeping their brains open and free of preconceived views about certain cultures or regions. In every industry, more culturally competent service providers better the world. Culturally qualified nurses are essential for providing high-quality patient care, translating to better health care in every community.
Introduction This essay shall analyze the article titled “Spirit-Led Leadership,” which is authored by Sister Regina Bechtle; the journal is titled Human Development and was published in the winter of 2008. The author who is sixty years of age is associated with being a theologian, retreat director, and spiritual director. Sister Regina Bechtle attended Fordham University for a Ph.D. in theology and currently serves in a non-profiting organization as a board member. This article is the author’s reflection based on a spiritual-led leadership viewpoint on her won account and beliefs. In this article the author attempts to take the reader through spiritual leadership and discloses the challenges that are associated with leadership and society today. The universal norms that have engulfed leadership which lead to moral crossroads which has made it lose the fundamental good that once governed leadership and filled with greed and corruption (Bechtle, 2008). This article takes the reader through a spiritual transformation that is aimed at offering spiritual skills that are essential to leadership. According to Markham (2006), the basic leadership concept is well outlined and elaborated through spiritual guidance on the author’s occurrences in her life and the journeys that her life has undergone. Also, the spiritual hunger that may host and yet the leaders are unable o unveil is covered by this article. Summary of Article In this article Sister Regina Bechtle’s main mission is to unveil the leadership complexities in the practices and nuances that are associated with modern leadership from a spiritual angle. She articulates in this article how it can be made knowledgeable and executed by those who are under the subject and the learning students. The article is well laid out with interactive and engaging sections that have the rich and deep spiritual context that underlines the benefit associated with practices of spiritual leadership and the hurdles that are associated with today’s kind of leadership. The articles section is designed and formulated in ways that would guide the pursuant through the facet of spiritual personal exploration and transformation which is engaging and encouraging through some personal spiritual enlightening, observation, and reflection based on the author’s perception of leadership in the modern era. Issues addressed by the article Bechtle (2008) in the introduction par
Introduction Background The world has experienced rapid technological advancements in the last few decades. Today, human lives have become more dependent on computers and internet than ever before. While technology has facilitated globalization and simplified some genuine life undertakings, it has also furthered organized crimes 1 . Cyber crimes have hit new and unprecedented levels in the recent times 2 .These are crimes performed with the help of computers 3 . They include hacking of websites, fraud and trading of illicit products 4 . These crimes have not been slowed down by the substa
The Treasury Team is usually divided into three offices such as front, middle, and back, each of which performs particular functions. The given case study shows that inappropriate actions led to serious consequences: the difference in numbers in Treasury and control systems. Based on the role played by the messages that were stored in the inbox of the Treasury team members, it is essential to invest in the middle office that is responsible for control, reconciliation, risk reporting, performance evaluation, and model validation (Rajendra 48). Since the European technology company was unable to maintain its reporting transparent and accurate, it is better to assign the reconciliation task to its middle office. The activities of deal origination, booking, and decision-making should be separated so that the middle office may independently monitor and manage reconciliation issues. In its activities, the identified office should link the front and back ends and oversee their performance. The independent reporting to either a chief financial officer (CFO) or controller is likely to ensure that data would be documented with minimal errors and omissions. It is critical that management should receive timely updates on the recent adjustment of requirements. It should also be emphasized that if the Treasurer conducts transactions regularly, which is not clear in the given case, it is better to invest in the back office that would be responsible for reporting and reconciliation. The key operations and executions are to be done autonomously by the back office and the controller in terms of transaction processing and basic reconciliation (Rajendra 48). In general, continuous review and control are two key issues that should be taken into account by the CFO and the responsible office. Work Cited Rajendra, Rajiv. The Handbook of Global Corporate Treasury . John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
Characteristics of living things According to Meyer (1970), living organisms have a myriad of similar characteristics. These are as discussed below: The first similarity is their organization. Living things show high levels of organization where multi cellular organisms are sub divided into cells, then organelles, which are further split into molecules, and so on. The second feature of a living thing is homeostasis; which refers to the maintenance of a constant internal environment, in terms of temperature, pH, et cetera. All living creatures must in a way have some mechanism of maintaining themselves in their environments. Another characteristic is the ability to grow and develop. What happens is that the organisms that are mono-celled grow mostly because; when they are formed during the cell division they are usually small and they are supposed to grow and develop to full-grown cells. Larger organisms grow through organogenesis and differentiation since they are multi-celled. Energy acquisition and discharge is another characteristic of living organisms. Organisms usually attain energy from organic chemicals, sunlight and from other organisms. They release that energy in form of adenosine tri-phosphate. Living organisms need to respond to various stimuli, be they either internal or external. In addition, living organisms have the need to interact with either the surroundings as well as with other organisms. Characteristics and structures of Viruses, viroids and prions Their general characteristics of the above include: they are not made up of cells; they lack the ability to reproduce on their own, do not grow or undergo division and cannot synthesize proteins. Structure and characteristics of viruses A virus is basically defined as a non-cellular infectious agent that has got two characteristics; each viral particle consists of a protein coat swathed around a genetic material in addition to a few viral enzymes, it cannot reproduce itself but dupes other cells into making copies of the virus (Starr, Christine and Starr, 2007). A virus comprises of molecular formation that contains nucleic acid that is enclosed by a protein coat. Viruses are: inseparable by way of bacterial filters, cannot be grown in an artificial media, they produce distinctive symptoms of specific hosts, can be inactivated through chemotherapy or thermotherapy, they are responsive towards temperatures, and they are obligate parasites which lack functional autonomy. The protein coat of a virus contains numerous protein sub-units. There are viruses that have enzymes and many of them are geometric in shapes. The central viral genetic substance could be double-stranded or even single-stranded with either DNA components or RNA components in them. Structure of viroids A viroid is defined as an infectious agent, which is much smaller than a virus and is known for affecting higher plants like tomatoes. Viroids have single-strands of RNA and they do not have protein coat that the viruses contain. A viroid constitutes a very short strand of ribonucleic acid (RNA) that has got no specific coat. Electron microscopic studies have revealed that a mono-strand of RNA
Introduction Strategic culture can be defined as beliefs and modes of behavior that are shared by a society. These aspects are facilitated by mutual experiences. There are many definitions of strategic culture. However, in this paper, strategic culture will be defined as “that set of shared beliefs, assumptions, and modes of behavior, derived from common experiences and accepted narratives (both oral and written), that shape collective identity and relationships with other groups, and which determine appropriate ends and means for achieving security objectives” (Stanley, 2006, p. 3). This paper will look into the various aspects of strategic culture, as highlighted in the definition of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The focus will be on the aspect of decision making of Iran, especially in regards to the nuclear weapons program. Iran has a frosty relationship with the west. The Iranian authorities have a unique world view and the perception being a reflection of the Iranian society. The Iranian regime is not very stable with some elements of the Islamic Revolution, impacts of the 1980s war with Iraq, and the integration of Muslim clerics into the ruling class. The Iranian leadership is usually a small clique of decision makers led by a religion Supreme Leader (Stanley, 2006). The Supreme Leader enjoys considerable political powers and, thus, critical to the way the government is being run. The formal organization of the Iranian administration is quite transparent when compared to other authoritarian regimes (Mackey, 1996). Iran’s relations with the West The relations between the West and Iran are not cordial. The leadership of Iran views the West in a negative way. For instance, Iran has had a hostile relationship with the U.S. for quite some time now. This does not come as a surprise given the experiences of Iran under colonialism of the British and
Unit On: Why Mental Age Is No Longer Used To Compute IQ Scores The subject of computing the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of individuals has changed over time. Initially, the Intelligence Quotient was calculated by getting the ratio of a person’s mental age from their chronological age and converting this to a percentage by multiplying by one hundred (Murphy, 2005). Mental age refers to the intellectual capability of a person while chronological age refers to their biological age (Murphy, 2005). For example, a person with a mental age of 10 years and a chronological age of 7 years is considered to have an IQ of 143. This is obtained by getting the ratio of 10 and 7 and multiplying by 100. Using this formula, reffered as the Stanford-Binet intelligence test, an IQ below 100 is considered retarded while an IQ above 100 is considered gifted (Murphy, 2005). This formula however has inherent problems that make it inaccurate in calculating IQ’s based on mental age. Some of the problems involved are the difficulties in using it to calculate adult IQ’s and its inability to accurately determine intellectual superiority. When adults attain a certain age, their intellectual capabilities do not significantly change. As a result, their mental age becomes almost fixed while their chronological age will continue to rise. Using this formula, it would appear that once a person becomes an adult, their IQ would steadily decrease. Since the interpretation of the intelligence quotient is intellectual capability, it would imply that this capability significantly reduces with age. In reality this may not be true because a 35 year old intellectual ability has not necessarily reduced since he was 25, yet his calculated IQ at 25 would be much higher. For this reason, the mental age is disqualified as a stable factor to be used in the calculation of IQ scores. The other reason why mental age cannot be used alone to calculate IQ is that it is difficult to define intellectual superiority in some circumstances. Assume an example where subject 1’s mental age is 10 years and chronological age is 8 years. Subject 2’s mental age is 5 years and chronological age is 4 years. Based on the Stanford-Binet formula, they will both have an IQ of 125. If IQ scores reflect intellectual capability, does this mean that these two people are intellectually similar even though they have different mental ages? This would not appear true strictly speaking because the person with the higher mental age would be considered intellectually superior. Consequently, mental age does not necessarily reflect actual intellectual capability when using this formula. As such, based on these two reasons including others, mental age is no longer used in calculating IQ’s. A deviation IQ is used instead since it uses percentiles rather that raw IQ scores. Unit Two: Methods of Estimating Reliability When a test is administered, it is very important to ensure that the resulting scores can be relied upon to reflect the truth. This makes reliability of a test very important.
Introduction Mobile communication has changed the way people used to communicate. The advancements made within the technology field can be attributed to these changes. Communication has been joined to mobility due to this, thus people are finding it easier to interact without necessarily moving over long distances. There has been increased growth within the wireless industry both in terms of subscribers and mobile technology (Lemstra, Hayes and Groenewegen 47). The use of fixed lines has reduced over the years. In its place is an increasing number of fixed line subscribers. Mobile cellular users were four times more than users of fixed lines by the year 2010. Development of cheaper mobile phones also facilitated the growth. More people have access to mobile phones due to their ease of use and maintenance. Background Mobile phone communications over cellular network work through the use of packet data. This is a wireless data transmission technology that sends digital radio signals through wireless packet switching. The cell phone is a device that can be considered as a simple radio transmitter and receiver. It is also equipped with an omnidirectional antenna. The cell phone is able to transmit radio signals to a nearby cell tower. The distance of the cell phone from the cell tower can vary greatly depending on the technology used (Steinbock 22). With strong wireless technologies, the distance can reach distances of up to 250 miles. A service box is also attached to the cell tower. Thus, both the cell tower and the service box comprise a base station. The base station is then connected to a switching station via cables. The switching center deals with establishing a connection between one cell phone and the called number. The developments in communication networks resulted from the realization that networks should be efficient. Thus the designs of these networks should also encourage efficiency in the network’s functionality. This led to the network design and optimization initiatives by various telecommunications stakeholders. The stakeholders include network operators, device vendors, wireless network experts and governments. Thus, they frequently meet and discuss various specifications that would guide a new generation of wireless communication network. Once a specification has been agreed upon, various parties come together and implement a given wireless network by using an established specification. Technological progression Wireless technologies have been characterized with the shortest time in which they have advanced and evolved. The latest wireless technology is fourth generation (4G). Wireless technologies have followed a trend whereby efficiency and performance within the mobile environment were the main goals. The first generation (1G) was able to achieve basic mobile voice. Through this, mobile devices could communicate
Introduction As the number of individuals on Earth continues to increase, the issue of food and sustaining the resources that people need to survive becomes more evident. Although in recent decades, the agricultural and food production industries have developed methods to manufacture food, the use of pesticides and other chemicals threatens the sustainability of these processes. This may lead to the industry’s inability to reproduce certain foods, which may cause starvation for future generations. The approach to examining the topic is as follows: the first section will explain the problem, while the next one will detail potential solutions and actions that people and organizations followed by a summary of the main points. The purpose of this research is to address the problems of modern food production and its effect on the environment. Humanity must focus on protecting the biodiversity of the planet because the Earth is losing its capacity to sustain industrial agriculture. Problem Statement: Capacity to Produce Food Humanity has mastered the ways to grow crops and produce foods. However, despite the achievements in food production that have not addressed the issues of hunger fully, the natural resources that are exploited and the harm caused by pesticides and agricultural practices can already be seen. According to the Bread of the World organization, approximately 882 million people still experience hunger, both in developing countries and well-developed nations such as the United States (“About Hunger”). According to Montagini and Berg, “the planet is losing about 0.3 percent a year of its capacity to produce food due to soil degradation” (98). Therefore, the issue explored in this paper is the decrease of Earth’s natural resources and capacity to produce food re decreasing, while the problem of hunger remains and the population continues to increase. The current agricultural practices do not support the sustainability of the Earth and do not address the nutritional needs of people. Dwivedi et al. Note that industrial agriculture fails to contribute to a healthy diet, while the Bread of the World uses the term “hidden hunger” to describe the issue of people not receiving the nutrients they need from their foods (“About Hunger”; 842). Still, these industrial practices contribute to deforestation and increased emissions, and the use of pesticides destroys the useful insects needed to sustain biodiversity. Sherman and Montgomery state that multiple factors in a person’s environment affect their health (462). Diet and food consumption, as well as safe water supplies, are some of the major contributors to one’s health and wellbeing since people’s bodies use the nutrients to repair and sustain themselves. Hence, the problem of industrial agriculture and biodiversity is multifaceted and relates not only to the potential dec