ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Location-based mobile applications are gaining popularity as users rely on them for a variety of services: tracking a package, identifying and finding a location, and discovering the whereabouts of other users. While some applications, such as Facebook and Messenger, use location-based features only as services complementary to their main product, other apps, such as Foursquare and Google Maps, are built around the user’s location. A particular segment emerged within the location-based app category, which can be labeled as “Find Me” apps. Their main purpose is to pinpoint the user’s location so they can share it or save it for future use. Apart from regular urban dwellers, such applications can be used by tourists, who would like to arrange a meeting in an unfamiliar place, and by hikers, who would like to save a certain location for future trips. This application can also be useful in an emergency situation if the user needs to share their whereabouts with other people. The present report describes a prototype application through three of its main interaction scenarios. Design Description Three interaction scenarios have been selected for the present report. The chosen scenarios are the basic features of a “Find Me” app that are responsible for its principal functionality. The first scenario is sharing – that is, the app collects the location data and sends it to another application installed on the phone to transmit it to another user. The second scenario is saving, whereas the app memorizes the location data under the name and tags assigned by the user. The third interaction scenario is finding friends, in which case the application will display the location of those users that chose to share it. This option will only be available to signed-in users. Since these scenarios provide the basic features of the application, all of them will be directly accessible from the app’s home screen in the form of buttons placed over a map displaying the user’s current location. Activat
Start of the Dietary Changes The change in the traditional Saudi Arabian diet dates back to the 18th century. The arrival of traders in the Persian Gulf region brought new ingredients and new food preparation ideas (Peterson, 2004). Subsequently, the spread of Islam in Saudi Arabia changed the people’s lifestyle. Even though Islam teaches about healthy eating behaviors, the increased trade from Europeans and Indian merchants brought foodstuffs that changed the Saudi Arabians’ cuisine (Albakry, 2014). For example, the Islamic faith advocates that Muslims should regularly exercise, abstain from alcohol, and eat moderately (Pharaon, 2004). However, the Islamic teachings on healthy eating have been eroded by socio-cultural factors such as increased economic activities. Women were traditionally mandated with food preparation but are currently in employment (Pharaon, 2004). The principal contributor to the diet changes is the changes in the socio-economic status of Saudi Arabia. Reasons for the Dietary Changes In 1938, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia discovered large oil deposits (Peterson, 2004). The exploration of oil led to the rapid growth of towns and industrialization. Farming and nomadic life were abandoned, and many people migrated to cities. The developed cities needed reliable sources of food and hence importation of processed foods. The cosmopolitan cities and the western cuisines such as the American food chains since then have been blamed for the changes in diets. The cultural influence and the rapid economic development was the key driver for the shift from the traditional Saudi diet that consisted of readily available food in the rural areas (Porman, 2006). How the Changes Took Place The dietary and lifestyle changes in the Saudi diet have been gradual (Sibai et al., 2010). The changes affected both qualitative and quantitative dietary practices (Musaiger, Tak
Introduction In his drama The Tempest, Shakespeare combines the supernatural dimension with real, when describing the details of the royal intrigues in the Kingdom of Naples. Dated back to the seventeenth century, the play depicts the power of compassion and forgiveness, showing that men of real integrity can overcome betrayal, raising through confinement to spiritual freedom. A brief analysis of the story’s plot, theme, and discussion of the main characters convey the idea of personal liberation through mercy. Summary of the Plot Shakespeare’s play The Tempest is a story of the magical loss and restoration of the man’s power, wherein actions develop in the unchronological order, simultaneously showing past and present events. According to Blair, Pettit and Page (2018), long before the present days, the ascendancy in Milan belonged to Prospero, a lawful ruler of the city. However, through corruption and deceit, Prospero’s brother, Antonio, usurped the power and exiled his relative to the remote island, where he now lives in the company of Miranda, Ariel, and Caliban (Blair, Pettit and Page, 2018). Enslaved by the deposed ruler, Ariel, a magical spirit, and Caliban, a native of the island, have to serve Prospero, following his orders. The present action begins with Antonio, a Duke of Milan, and Alonso, King of Naples, captured on a ship in a severe storm. As explained by Blair, Pettit and Page (2018), scared by the power of the tempest, the two men do not surmise that the squall can be caused by the magical intervention of Prospero and his mystical friend. Through supernatural powers and deception, the deposed ruler hopes to shipwreck the betrayers and take revenge, eventually regaining his title. However, when Prospero’s plans come to reality, the man unexpectedly decides to grant mercy to Antonio and Alonso in exchange for his dukedom (Blair, Pettit and Page, 2018). “Thou shalt be free /As mountain winds: but then exactly do/All points of my command” (Shakespeare, 2013, p. 92). Realizing the power of forgiveness, the man returns to Milan and blesses the marriage of his daughter, Miranda, and Alonso’s son, Prince Ferdinand (Blair, Pettit and Page, 2018). By restoring his lawful rule, Prospero defeats the evil, proving that love is stronger than hate, and forgiveness is stronger than revenge. Analysis of Characters Relationships of the two brothers, Antonio and Prospero, lay in the core of Shakespeare’s play. The author uses sharp contrast to emphasize the distinctions in their personalities. On the one hand, Antonio is depicted as a despicable, sordid traitor with little moral principles (Blair, Pettit and Page, 2018). Willing to sacrifice the well-being of his brother in exchange for the crown, he violently seizes power from his relative. “What thou shouldst be. /Th’ occasio
The play Antigone centers on two main characters, Antigone, the protagonist, and Creon, the King of Thebes. The two are driven by strong convictions, yet different in beliefs and values. Antigone is respectful but cannot bring herself to the level of abiding by laws she considers repugnant. She ends up the tragic heroine by burying her brotto her against the wish of her uncle, the king of Thebes, and the rules of the land. While Antigone is energetic and young, Creon is old and frail. Antigone’s conviction is that the dead deserve a decent burial in spite of the circumstances that led to their death while Creon’s preoccupation is to enforce the laws of the land that disallow burial of those who meet their death in a disgraceful manner. Sophocles has managed to blend a poetic style of play with a powerful symbolism that is timeless. This paper will demonstrate that in spite of their differences; Antigone and Creon are both headstrong and strong-willed. Antigone’s love for her family is the single most attribute that Sophocles presents in the play. It is for this love that she is ready to defy her uncle and the rules of the land. By going against King Creon’s decree that Polyneices death was dishonorable and hence undeserving of a proper burial, Antigone portrays a deep love for her brother. Even in death, she is willing to commit a punishable offense just to honor her brother. The fact that she is ready to stand by her decisions and accept punishment depicts her as a headstrong woman who is also strong-willed. She believes that should the law of man and law of god conflict, the latter should prevail. This marks the departure in character traits to her uncle. Creon believes that laws preserve social order and bind all human beings. When he stands against Antigone’s desire to bury her brother, it is out of the need to enforce the laws that his position demanded. By taking contradictory positions and sticking with them, Antigone and Creon attribute as headstrong converges. Antigone is ready to face death and her uncle is ready to sentence her. Sophocles employs strong symbolism to show the conflict between state law and religion. The most conspicuous symbolism is the image of tombs. The tomb serves as a mockery to those who think that they are living but are actually dead. They also mock Creon’s hubris, an attribute that makes him blasphemous. Because of his pride, Creon disallows the burial of Polyneices and goes ahead to bury Antigone even before she is dead. The fact that Antigone looks forward to reuniting with departed family members is symbolic of her realization that the tragedy ahead was unavoidable. Sophocles has used his characters to achieve symbolism. The duel between Creon and Antigone symbolizes a tussle between opposing forces. There are a pull and push between male and female, divine and state
It has often been said that history is written from the eyes of the conqueror. For centuries, people in America have only heard the stories of the triumph of Columbus in discovering this continent, not the stories of brutality and murder that took place as these white visitors began determining which land was theirs and which land they would allow the indigenous people to occupy. Some of these stories are just now beginning to be shared in the greater community, slowly changing the impression of the Indian from one of contempt to one of sympathy. In the same frame, there has often been conflicting accounts of what it must have been like to be a slave in the Southern states. While some reports seem to indicate that most of the slaves, not knowing what it was like to have freedom, were content with their lot in life, other evidence exists that suggests even peaceful slaves resisted their position. This controversy is the subject of both Kenneth Stampp’s article “A Troublesome Property” and Eugene Genovese’s article “The Black Work Ethic”. While each author discusses the nature of slave relations within the group, Stampp’s conclusions seem to provide the more satisfactory analysis in keeping with what is known about slave behaviors throughout the slave period. Both authors write about the subversive slave culture that developed on the plantations among the slaves themselves. This culture is predominantly characterized by their owners as ‘lazy’. This is so much the case that both authors cite numerous reports by slave owners regarding the laziness and stupidity of their workers. “Slave owners generally took it as a matter of course that a laborer would shirk when he could and perform no more work than he had to” (Stampp, 1956: p. 270). As a result, they found it necessary to utilize various methods to ‘encourage’ the slaves to keep working. “Too often they fell back on the whip and thereby taught and learned little” (Genovese, 1974: p. 300). However, too much physical abuse on the slave and he was no longer capable of working and the action often had an adverse affect on the rest of the slaves. “After a slave was punished in the Richmond tobacco factories, the other hands ‘gave neither song nor careless shout for days, while the bosses fretted at slackened production” (Stampp, 1956: p. 271). Slave owners were often forced to keep a watchful eye on the slave and were often stymied as to how to get more work out of their hands. “Slave own
Using the Internet in EFL Item A 7-page PDF document available online. Author and Date David A. Trokeloshvili and Neal H. Jost.Aug. 1997. Source Course pack available online at ( http://iteslj.org/Articles/Trokeloshvili-Internet.html ). Description of Content A detailed description of the experiment (introducing Internet and intranet network in schools) and its influence on student needs and teacher goals. Outcomes & Main Issues   * Identified the basic student needs and teacher goals related to the use of the Internet in EFL.   * Recognized primary constituents of the introduction to the computer process.   * Introduced major requirements for using the Internet in EFL.   * Pointed to the influence of the Internet on writing skills. Issues covered Achievements in the English language learning process when CALL is used The major positive outcome of using the Internet in the classroom is the overall improvement of writing skills because students are provided with access to vast resources of information, which might both make the writing more accurate due to the availability of facts and creativity. Moreover, this system is connected with the introduction of the intranet network, which offers options for communication, i.e. practicing both formal and inf
Ellen Pao: Generation Aspect Ellen Pao’s gender-discrimination suit against Kleiner Perkins is an example of the way the modern generation attempts to deal with the unfairness of inequality. It appears to be the result of modern tendencies in our society. Indeed, according to Danowitz, Hanappi-egger, and Mensi-klarbach (2012), the new century “is characterized by ever-increasing diversity in terms of ethnic background, lifestyle, intergenerational and, of course, the participation of women” (p.1). This means that the need for proper diversity strategies and initiatives has increased and that the reaction of society towards the cases of discrimination has become more profound. The discrimination is the result of the stereotypes that used to exist for centuries and that modern generation people strive to completely annihilate, the case of Ellen Pao being an example of their determination. One has to take into account, however, that although the lawsuit of Ellen Pao was an attempt at fighting gender-based discrimination, there is a chance that her actions will have unwanted results. The court dismissed her claims arguing that her performance at the workplace appeared to be inferior (Blumberg & Maclean, 2015). This fact raises suspicion: could it be that the notion of diversity was used for Pao’s self-profit? Such a point of view can only serve to discredit the notion which cannot be regarded as a positive outcome. Despite this, however, the lawsuit appears to have scandalized people all over the world which means that public attention has been drawn to the problems of discrimination and diversity once more. This is probably why Pao believes that her actions could improve the situation for women all over the world (Blumberg & Maclean, 2015). As the case of Pao demonstrates, the people of the new generation are ready to maintain their rights and defend their interests. Such changes in public mood bring the hope that sooner or later the problem of diversity will be solved. Generation and Diversity The diversity problem also includes the issue of different generations and their representation at workplaces. It is obvious that the most prominent groups that can be singled out in this respect are the older and the younger generation. The lack of experience often becomes a major problem for youngsters in their job search, while the older generation is often believed to be in
The most compelling ideas about Japan’s political economy Among the main ideas that I find compelling about the Japanese Political economy is that there was a time its growth was mainly fueled by a weakened Yen (Bellur 67). Because of this, it became much cheaper for Japan companies to access raw materials. I find this fact interesting because there is a chance that the political and bureaucratic heads of the country may at some point have intentionally kept the Yen from gain value in order to maintain this economic growth. The other idea I find interesting about the growth of Japan’s economy is the fact that Japan has been able to enhance its export market to such an extent that it can afford to subsidize the costs of production for its small businesses and agricultural sectors. This is a unique approach to development because in most countries, the economic growth starts from small industries before advancing to the export market and not the other way round. I also found it interesting that Japan was able to maintain a high growth rate in economy than other developed nations for almost a century by ensuring that very little imports were made. This, to me, was a very cunning and selfish way of getting the economy to grow and it is surprising that other countries did not pick it out early. Muramatsu’s bureaucracy dominant, triad or tripod, and convergence models Muramatsu’s explains that bureaucracy, the ruling Liberal Democratic party and big businesses worked as a unit in fostering the growth of Japan’s economy. The bureaucracy helped to source for markets for big businesses outside the country, while the ruling party set up structures to discourage the importation of products further increasing the markets for products made in the country. Domestic and international explanations why Japan stopped growing Japan’s economy stopped growing because of a decrease in a productive population, as an ageing population goes up (Mathews and White 164). This has forced the government to dedicate resources that would have be
The movie “Boyz n the Hood” is a significant piece that describes the hardships of African-American youths in South Central Los Angeles. It is a guide on what the right way to live is and how to treat others. One of the major themes is that a crime-driven community forces teenagers to get involved in criminal life early on, to survive. This fact is based upon the issue of oppression and limits that were set on the “black” population in America. The problem is that no matter how hard people try, often it is hard to avoid this sort of life. But, there are always exceptions and this movie depicts hope and power of determination and strong will, which can change things around. The community that is filled with crime and corruption is a cesspool and is hard to avoid. The movie shows a community that is run by gangs and corrupt police and other authorities. In reality, there are several causes for this. Very early on, children are susceptible to negative influence. They grow up in neighborhoods where crime is the predominant force. The laws are unable to regulate the society where guns decide everything. Young individuals go to school and are susceptible to peer influence. The attractive nature of gangs absorbs people. The easiness and quickness with which power and wealth can be accumulated are very hard to resist. If a child wants to lead a lawful and responsible life, they are often put down and picked on by their peers, as being “mamma’s boy” or “soft spined”. This form of pressure almost always has an immediate effect on the psyche of a person (Branch 205). The environment that a child grows up in is very influential on their future life. When a person sees how their family suffers, they feel the need to do something. Often, a single parent experiences difficulty in raising a child and paying for food and shelter, spending many hours working, so it is evident that there is very little time
The article called “Demand, supply, and their interaction on markets, as seen from the perspective of evolutionary economic theory” by Richard R. Nelson explores the neoclassical perspective on the curves of supply and demand, the prices within markets, and the allocation of resources. Firstly, the author mentions that the prices within markets used to be determined from the point of view of supply and demand curves. Secondly, Nelson (2012) claims that the contemporary view of the price theory formulation carries a neoclassical character. In other words, the contemporary researchers focus on such determinants of prices as income levels in various regions and outputs. Thirdly, Nelson (2012) argues that such perspective is unfortunate since the economies are in constant movement and thus finding the equilibrium or optimizing their ever-changing nature is impossible. Finally, the author finds the assumption that the dominant sets of prices and the rates of supply and demand are the determinants of the economic equilibrium problematic but useful analytic concepts. The correlation of the price change, supply, and demand is often discussed within the housing market that is sensitive towards the rates of unemployment (Branch, Petrosky-Nadeau & Rocheteau, 2014). In fact, the assumption is that prices for housing in wealthier regions are more unemployment-sensitive than those of the lower income regions (Qingyu, 2010). Besides, the paper by Vermeulen and Ommeren (2009) proves wrong the belief that the dwellers of the high-unemployment regions tend to have higher salaries finding an empirical evidence that “wages correlate negatively to unemployment, with an elasticity of − 0.10” (p. 1). As a result, the equilibrium in the wage rates and the region unemployment tendencies is compensated in the market for housing. The income-based evaluation of the prices matches the neoclassical approach to the price changes mentioned by Nelson, as well as his suggestion to seek for alternative views. In turn, this point of view matches with the definition of economics presented by O’Sullivan, Sheffrin, and Perez (2014) that refers to this study as the search of choices in the areas with scarcities. The compensation in the housing market in the regions with high unemployment is one way to find the equilibrium that Nelson states is impossible to maintain in the economies that chance all the time. The supply and demand variables in the housing market are not the basis of price formation, yet, as mentioned by Nelson (2012), they are useful determinants. The housing prices and the unemployment rates in the United States of America are closely related. In fact, the work of Rupert and Wasmer (2012) reflects that housing is one of the main causes of the population mobility that in the US is estimated as much higher than in the European Union. Besides, the dominant prices in the regional housing markets tend to determine the willingness or unwillingness of the potential employees to accept or reject job offers Rupert & Wasmer, 2012). As a result the supply of housing does not only determine the level of unemployment in the
Introduction People come from different backgrounds and this affects how they relate with each other. The whites form the greatest part of the American population, followed by blacks and other races. Slavery became a serious issue in American society because whites discriminated against members of other races. Therefore, this caused conflicts between whites and members of other races because nobody wanted to be treated like a slave (Divine 31). This paper examines the Dred Scott decision and what it portrays about the African American population on the eve of the Civil War. The Significance of the Dred Scott Decision on the American History Dred Scott was a slave of John Emerson (an army surgeon) and he moved with him from one state to another when his boss got transferred. Scott sued Emerson for enslaving him when he moved to Missouri after the declaration of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 (Divine 416). The Supreme Court ruled that he had no grounds to sue his master because the United States Constitution did not recognize him as an American. The decision of this court spurred tension and weakened the already threatened relationship between whites and African Americans. The Dred Scott Decision is very important in American history because of the following reasons. First, it exposed the challenges that African Americans experienced in America. They were sl