ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Strategic planning is utilized by many international firms across various industries even though research demonstrates that it may have benefits only in specific occasions. Companies are seeking to improve the performance effect of strategic planning. The article by Flores et al. 2008 examines this question by examining strategic planning in the context of Huber’s definition of organizational learning, where knowledge absorbed by any of the units of the organization that it recognizes as useful. As a result, organization may differ in their learning processes since information gathering and processing may be different as well. Therefore, learning perspectives may influence why only some firms benefit from formal strategic planning. The results of the study demonstrate that firms with moderate levels of learning can reap benefits while high levels of learning in a company fail to do so. At a broad level, this indicates organization can selectively choose when to learn and plan. Firms that seek to utilize both strategic planning and organizational learning may have to cycle through alternating periods of learning and planning to ensure at least some parts function below the optimal threshold. On the other hand, organizations may maximize learning through planning by using them to guide activities and operations. The key takeaway is that strategic planning can be effective for various companies and industries, but few experience optimal performance results because they are unaware of the relation between organizational learning and strategic planning. There are no unique frameworks from the article. However, it utilizes Huber’s framework of organizational learning and adapts it to the research regarding strategic planning. The definition states, “an organization learns if any of its units acquires knowledge that it recognizes as potentially useful to the organization.” Since formal strategic planning emphasizes a systematic acquisition of information or knowledge, the information is distributed and stored for future use to different parts of the organization. Formal strategic planning seeks to conserve and retrieve lessons of experience. The outcomes of this article have some implications for managerial practice. Executive managers that are attempting to increase performance from formal strategic planning must ensure organizations have moderate levels of learning. Therefore, firms that seek to improve performance based on current competencies should focus on planning, while those organizations attempting to boost performance through learning, should minimize amounts of formal planning. From a managerial perspective, the availability of this information can be key in making strategic decisions for the company in terms of organizational learning and strategic planning. It requires a balanced approach to maintain moderate levels of learning in order to achieve the optimal performance from its
Introduction The science of psychology incorporates a variety of models, theories, and concepts, each of which is a significant constituent of the system. The psychodynamic, neurobiological, trait and cognitive models are some of the most important in the area of psychological studies. The present paper contains an overview of the core concepts in each of these models. Particularly, such concepts as object relations (the psychodynamic model), extraversion/introversion (neurobiological), systematic desensitization (trait), and rational emotive behavior therapy (cognitive) are viewed as the most crucial elements. Each part of the paper includes an overview of the concept and its author, along with the rationale for its significance. The Psychodynamic Model: The Object-Relations Concept An important constituent of modern research in psychodynamic and psychoanalytic theory is the influence of relationships on people’s development. Specifically, the adherents of this approach believe that a child’s early connection to parents establishes the further development of how an individual relates to and communicate
This document provides a marketing plan for a chain of Retail Fast Food Restaurants spread across the major cities and it is suburban areas in India. The business proposes to set up a chain of fast food restaurants to provide anytime light meals including breakfast, lunch and dinner at a moderately low price catering primarily to the middle-income segment of the country. It is proposed to be operational by May 2010 at six locations across India, which include Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, and Pune. Each centre would have at least two outlets- one in the city proper and the other just on the outskirts of the city, preferably on the highways. India is chosen for such an operation because it is an emerging economy and the retail fast food industry is highly underutilized in the country. The major cities of India have a predominantly middle income and low-income population. The food chains already present in the country are exorbitantly priced. Thus, it leaves a huge opening in the market. Moreover, there is very little or practically no competition from nationalized brands. The increasing desire of the youth to be attached to a nationwide brand name propels the probability of success of this plan. (Shane et al. 2004). The marketing strategy will design in a manner that will be able to draw in more of the young customers. The form of the business would be a retailer-operated, consumer-controlled business. All the products would be attached to a single brand name called the “Hunger Crunch” which increases the consistency of the business. The promotional strategy would primarily focus on national morals and local tastes mixing the values attached to a nationwide brand name. To maximize the reach to the consumer base multiple media forms will be adopted to market the products. To increase the ease of accessibility of the products in addition to outlet sales the concept of doorstep delivery would also be introduced within the range of 10 kilometers free of delivery charges and with a low delivery cost above the specified range. The business aims to cater to all fractions of the consumer base. The investment channels have been decided up on and the partners have agreed to dedicate a major sum of investments to marketing expenses. As the investments would be made in U.S. Dollars, the exchange rate between USD and Rupees, the national currency, would be a major advantage. At present, a total annual marketing budget has been set at $500000. This provides for a huge sum as considered in Rupees. This would be easily manageable, as most of th
Introduction Nestle is a nutrition company that aims at enhancing better and quality livelihoods to people. It has varied products that mainly help in improving healthy lifestyle of the people. Over the years, the company has used its resources and technology to find sustainable solutions to socio-economic needs of its customers. Some of these needs include poverty eradication, better sanitation and food security. This gives the company a competitive advantage over many other companies 1 . Apart from corporate social responsibility, the company created Nestle nutrition, a business strategy meant to focus on the core nutrition business. Therefore, strengthening the leadership in this market is crucial for their success. This market is the primary motivation for the purchase of its product based on the nutritional value. Nestle nutrition is autonomous global business unit that is meant to increase the competitive edge of the company. The unit is charged with the profit and loss responsibility in its utmost domains, which include Infant Nutrition, Healthcare Nutrition, and Performance nutrition. The latter is aimed at delivering superior business performance to consumers by offering science based nutritional products and services 2 . To enhance its competitive advantage, the company has Corporate Wellness Unit, which focuses on integrating nutritional value to food and beverage products. It encompasses communication effort, which brings the necessary expertise in consumer benefits. Nestle Production and Services Nutrition has been the cornerstone of Nestle Company since its inception in the year 1867. Therefore, most products and services provided by the company revolve around nutritional needs. The company strives at providing quality products and services which will help in promoting a better and healthy wellbeing of its consumers. Nestle has gained a world reputation for its consistency in providing quality and safety products. Many of the products generated by Nestle Company are beneficial based on the nutritional aspects. They include breakfast cereals, milk and other dairy products as well as bottled water which has diverse accrued advantages 3 . Many of these products dominate in both local and global markets. The company has ventured in chocolate and confectionery industry. Some of these products have been in existence for over a century. For example, S. Pellegrino and Nestle Moca are known in Italy and Brazil for many years. The most revered world brands include Nescafe, Nestea, Maggi, Buitoni, Purina and Nestle. Other brands, such as Milo and Nespresso, sell in many countries. Nestle takes a holistic a
The research strategies proposed to develop the project in Engineering include the experimental work and data analysis with references to the conducted literature review. The experimental work and data analysis can be characterised by a lot of strengths. However, the proposed strategies also have definite limitations and weaknesses. Nevertheless, the focus on both the experimental work and data analysis is important to reduce the negative effects of the strategies’ limitations on the research project. The experimental work is the necessary part of the project’s development in the field of engineering. The main strengths of the strategy are in possibilities to receive the results related to the real world situation. The laboratory experiment as one of the most effective scientific methods is characterised by creating the situation for obtaining the necessary quantitative data for the research. The laboratory experiment is used to confirm the researchers’ hypotheses and observe the particular features or possible changes in the work of the project. Nevertheless, the laboratory experiment also has definite weaknesses which should be taken into consideration while analysing the experiment data. Experiment
The importance of the Turing Test First of all, there is a need to point out that the Turing Test was created to determine artificial intelligence of the machine. In other words, the original aim of test creation was to understand whether the machine can think or no. Oppy Graham and Dowe David (2011) are of the opinion that, “The phrase The Turing Test is sometimes used more generally to refer to some kinds of behavioural tests for the presence of mind, or thought, or intelligence in putatively minded entities” (para. 2). While investigating artificial intelligence, one is to determine the basic aims of the test. So, the primary goals are to understand the nature of the process of thinking , and the ways intelligent entities are built. While analyzing huma
The ‘death of Ivan Ilych’ is a novella that focuses on the impending death of Ivan Ilych. Ivan was a high court judge in Russia during the 19 th century. Despite having a poor relationship with his wife, Ivan had a good life. Ivan fell and suffered minor injuries while he was decorating his new apartment. The injuries resulted in a terminal illness. The novella focuses on the imminent death of Ivan Illych. The adaptation of the novella would portray the life of Chan. Chan is a high school student in modern day China. Chan has a modest upbringing. His parents taught him the value of hard work. Consequently, Chan strives to excel in his studies. His hard work has paid off as he constantly has the highest grades in his class. One day, while Chan was playing basketball with his friends, he suffered minor injuries. Initially, he thought that the injuries were minor. However, the pains did not subside with time. This forced him to seek medical attention. In hospital, Chan was shocked when the doctor told him that he had a highly advanced cancer of the brain. The doctor told him that he had about 6 months to live. The devastating news threatened Chan’s dream of attaining a high school diploma. His final exams were five months after his initial diagnosis. However, Chan did not want to give up on his dream. He could not conceive the notion that three and half years of hard work would go to waste. Therefore, he immersed himself in his studies. This is despite the fact that he knew that he may die before sitting for his final exams. Chan died soon after finishing his exams. He attained a very good score. The teachers and students honored him post-humorously. The adaptation will target people of all ages. The story in the adaption can relate to people of all ages. It is the story of despair, hard work, and eventual triumph. People of all ages may face the problems that Chan faced. Among different people, the ‘cancer diagnosis’ may be bankruptcy, loss of a loved one, or loss of a job. The story shows that determination and hard work enables people to overcome their problems. This is despite the magnitude of the problems. The adaptation will strive to show that people should not give up despite the problems that they may face. People should always chase their dreams at all costs. Chan was an academically gifted student. However, he did not lose hope due to the cancer diagnosis. He strived to attain his dream of graduating from high school. Eventually, he triumphed. He attained a very good grade. Adaptation of the movie will face several challenges. One of the major challenges is the ability to determine the most appropriate length of a certain scene. The length of scenes portray the focus of a movie. In the novella, the author focuses on the death of Ivan Illych. Therefore, adaptation would focus on the imminent death of Chan. However, it would be difficult to determine the most appropriate length of various scenes. In addition, it is difficult to find characters who would be able relay the message in the movie effectively. The characters of the movie would help in tackling the above problems. Therefore, it is vi
Introduction It is reported that in 1963, the renowned geneticist Joshua Lederberg, made a prediction that as medicine progressed it would be faced with increased economic pressure on transplant sources (Boyd 2003). This prediction has become more than true since the current altruistic approach to organ donation has failed to meet the demand for organs for over thirty years. These failures can be attributed to poor procurement methods, moral and legal inhibitions, thousands of people continue to lose their lives annually (Boyd 2003). This continued loss of life has led to the consideration of alternative means of acquiring these essential organs. It is becoming more and more likely with each passing day that the solution will emanate from advances in medicine and human ingenuity to develop these vital life-saving organ solutions (Boyd 2003). This technologically driven initiative has led to the emergence of various social and individual rights issues and the consideration to form a market for human organs. Although these artificial limbs and organs can not promise to restore the recipient to normal activity, the replacement of limbs and organs may someday be as common as eyeglasses (Sletto 1996). Already hip joint replacements have enabled recipients to participate in sports like golf; hearing aids are widely used allowing users to participate in regular conversations while artificial hearts and kidneys keep many alive while awaiting organ transplants (Sletto 1996). In this report, the data presented is concerned primarily with artificial limbs and organs to indicate their future and possible effects on humanity. Further, it will provide some information on current trends in medical research for a lasting solution. Background The use of artificial limbs and organs is not new and the first artificial limb is reported to have been used as far back as 300 B.C. (Sletto 1996). The copper and wooden limb were discovered in 1858 in Capri, Italy. There is also a hand of iron commonly known as Alt Rubian that was used by knights in the 15 th century (Sletto 1996). (See Fig. 1) However, the modern bionics we seek to discuss in this report has little to do with these rudimentary prosthetic devices. This is because due to numerous advances in surgical technology, increased availability of alternative materials and innovations in engineering modern artificial organs or limbs are almost lifelike (Sletto 1996). To illustrate this we will consider the modern artifi
Introduction The notion of intrapreneurship may sound like a buzzword, and yet more and more businesses are embracing intrapreneurial practices as a set of tools for effective corporate management. The issues intrapreneurship is assigned to tackle mainly arise from the ever-lasting struggle of the big businesses and innovation. As soon as an establishment goes global, its board becomes increasingly cautious when making risky decisions, however, calculated these risks might be; every step is thoroughly discussed, and no decisions are made unless a consensus is reached. Such companies are generally reluctant to innovate – which is understandable but not entirely productive in the long run. On numerous occasions, companies felt they have grown well past the point of collapsing unexpectedly, just before the market ousted them in favor of newer and riskier ones. Today, the names of those that strived are recognized globally not least because they dared to adopt intrapreneurship practices at some point. Companies like 3M, Apple, and Intel are known to regard their intrapreneurship investments very seriously, especially in terms of employee training. Other giants, like Microsoft and Xerox, even establish their research and development departments to promote CE – Corporate Entrepreneurship or leading a global establishment like a small-scale start-up: boldly, creatively, and after all – successfully. The present work will focus on the intrapreneurial practices of Google and Amcor and conduct a thorough analysis of the said companies in terms of leadership, corporate culture and ethics, strengths, weaknesses, and, most importantly, approaches to innovation. The companies’ practices will be evaluated by the principles of intrapreneurship, the lessons learned and some recommendations for further consideration will be outlined about both. Background Amcor, Ltd.: Responsible Packaging Amcor, the Australian-based establishment, is one of the world’s leading package manufacturers. The company supplies the industries of health care, food, and many others with multi-material packages. Its CEO, Ron Delia, has been with the company for more than a decade. The company emphasizes sustainability as its core value and works towards creating lighter, more ergonomic, and more sustainable packages. The company operates nearly 200 sites in 43 countries, with more than 29,700 employees worldwide. According to the 2015 report, the company’s 2015 sales totaled US$10 billion ( Packaging innovation for a better tomorrow: Sustainability Review 2015). To preserve its position as the global package leader, the company invests over $100 million annually in research ( Driven by innovation 2015). Its strategy, howev
The pandemic led to an increase of IPV (intimate partner violence) incidents, which, as a consequence, actualized the necessity of implementing measures required in the new social conditions. With regard to the provided data, the growth of IPV cases is associated with a number of factors caused by the pandemic of novel coronavirus disease. Given that financial autonomy is a determinant factor in the prevention of assaults and the pandemic has resulted in a financial crisis, the IPV rate has boosted. Moreover, some limitations related to travel and movement have created obstacles to victims who cannot reach safe places, and stress levels at home rose as a result of school closures. There are several steps which should be taken to minimize harm. While establishing norms regarding emergency situations, governments should pay attention to socioeconomic factors; equal access to the Internet should be provided, and doctors and patients should establish special signals so as to identify if an abusive partner is near during online medicine examinations.
The spread of the coronavirus disease has led to global, crushing turning points, to an acceleration of the crisis of human lifestyle and social needs, relations, and production. It exposed the boundaries of a secure, social, geopolitical, technological, and industrial model. That moment radically turned the world upside down, and plunged it into chaos and instability, forcing it to reconsider the entrenched laws and principles. There are many guesses about its appearance, and there is still no single answer to this question. Certainly, COVID-19 is an urgent problem requiring adjusting existing common opinions, ideas, and knowledge, searching for guilt and salvation. The social side of the pandemic is different health indicators and cases of infection between different social groups depending on class, gender, race, and ethnicity. An urgent issue focusing on researchers’ attention is coronavirus’s experience, impact, and consequences on society. What factors define a pandemic as a social risk, and how does it affect the mentality? Are there any special patterns in this, and what consequences can the virus lead to humanity? What are the theories and strategies for eliminating this issue? These are the key and important questions in this study. The purpose is a theoretical and practical understanding of the pandemic through the prism of sociological risk factors, its meaning, and nature using the tools of sociology. The study contains quantitative and qualitative research methods that help comprehensively study, explore, and analyze such problems in-depth and in detail. The paper obtains the field research, literary study, conceptual modeling, and textual analysis. People suddenly find themselves in a new and incomprehensible situation. Modernization and globalization have also created the necessary conditions for the emergence of the COVID-19 crisis (Lupton and Willis 20-30). When the existing picture of the world becomes strange and unfamiliar – this becomes the starting point for the action (Little). Governments impose various restrictions on social life to “smooth the curve” (Ward 726-735). Functionalists note that to ensure survival, humanity must adapt to the environment (Little). This concept is a kind of discovery, rethinking the priorities and individual characteristics. (Lenzi 110-122). According to Foucault’s concept, the preservation and development of human life are a central, unifying value that underlies all sociology politics, and interests (Little). Indeed, the contemporary world is a time that generates new myths, rituals, and images (Alexander and Smith 264). It is filled with secrets and various superstitions about the virus. Works Cited Alexander, Jeffrey C., and Philip Smith. “COVID-19 and Symbolic Action: Global Pandemic as