ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Gay and lesbian persons should be granted full civil rights. In this essay, I will make use of three relatively recent newspaper articles to explore the current status of gay rights in the world. Article 1 is titled ‘Genetic or Not, Gay Won’t Go Away’ and it was published by “The New York Times” on 12 th January 2012 (. Bruni is openly gay and he is published in “The New York Times” which is an independent, reputable, cosmopolitan newspaper with a worldwide scope of coverage and circulation. The newspaper is also largely perceived to have a liberal bias. The second article, is ‘Gay Rights: A World of Inequality,’ penned by Zoe Williams and published in “The Guardian” on the 13 th of September, 2011, uses statistics to show that a greater part of the world does not seem ready to accept gay people and accord them the humanity they deserve. The Guardian newspaper has a large middleclass readership and is often associated with left-wing politics. Zoe Williams, the author, describes herself as a felt-wing feminist. In the third article, Scot Rose criticizes “The New York Times” in an article titled ‘The New York Times Gets into the Gay-Bashing Gutter’ published on 27 th January, 2012 in the Bigotry Watch section of The New Civil Rights Movement. The New Civil Rights Movement magazine describes itself as ‘a journal of news and opinions on gay rights and marriage equality. It was established by David Badash with the aim of addressing the ignorance problem regarding gay rights both by those who are against them and gay people themselves. Discussion The basis of Bruni’s argument is that whether there is proof that gay persons are born that way or not is a matter of no insignificance since homophobia is not rational and would therefore not be assuaged even by scientific findings to that effect. Indeed, he posits, finding a genetic divergence of gay and lesbian persons from their straight counterparts might even heighten homophobia. He cites the case of the Black people in the United States saying that their race having naturally occurred has never stopped discrimination against them. He argues that just like religious affiliations have no genetic basis and yet they are protected under the law, so should one’s sexual orientation; whether founded on nature or choice. Actually, the contemporary need for same sex attraction to be recognized as naturally occasioned by gay rights activists runs the risk of their being intolerant against those who admit to being gay by choice. Eventually, he argues, it is of more advantage to society to accept gay and lesbian people than to oppress them. And, he concludes, while research points towards the possibility of its genetic links, there need not be a biological basis for same sex attraction for gay rights to be granted. Statistics show that same sex relationships are unlawful in 82 countries around the world, about half of the world’s nations. The most extreme cases of abuse against gay a
The epoch of the Tang dynasty is often considered the highest point of the early Chinese civilization evolution (Hansen 204). Indeed, the breakthrough made in the legal field is beyond impressive. By designing a very specific and quite rigid set of rules and regulations for addressing the increasing crime rates in the empire, as well as creating a flexible system of land tenure, the Tang Dynasty created the premises for developing the state economy and improving the state’s legal system. The Tang Dynasty advanced the Chinese legal system to an impressive extent. First, the issue concerning the increasing rates of theft was addressed efficiently. This was achieved by enhancing the “law on unauthorized use of property” (Ebrey 118). The penalty for breaking the law may be considered rather harsh; nevertheless, one must admit that it worked for the creation of a safer environment. A major emphasis put by the Tang Dynasty on the problem of physical violence also deserves to be mentioned: “When killing or injuring resulted, apply the laws on intentional battery” (Ebrey 117). The specified step allowed for incorporating the principles of justice into the system of Chinese society. As a result, the residents of the Empire became more law-abiding. Finally, the fact that the land law was finally addressed deserves a mentioning: “If the land of more than one family was illicitly cultivated, decide on the basis of one family” (Ebrey 119). The introduction of the specified changes into the Chinese Empire created the environment for developing economic and political ties with other states. China finally reached a rather high point of home economy evolution; therefore, it was the time to establish trading relationships with other states, and the specified changes were a crucial step towards this process. Works Cited Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. “The Tang Legal Code.” Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook . New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1993. 116–119. Print. Hansen, Valerie. The Open Empire: A History of China to 1600 . New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 2000. 203–219. Print.
Introduction Management Information Systems (MIS)s refer to a combination of all the computer structures in an organization that facilitate business operations, strategic decisions and tactical approaches. These may include people who coordinate the systems, decision-making processes involved, technology used, and lastly the information encapsulated in the organization. MISs usually start by external and internal data collection. The system then processes the information and places it in an information warehouse or a database. The organization then integrates this data into its system. It must continually update and work on the data. Thereafter, the company allows authorized members to access the information and then use it for the right purpose. In order to fully comprehend MISs, it is necessary to first define information systems. A system is a collection of elements that focus on meeting a certain purpose. Systems may have intangibles and tangible items that work together to achieve a particular aim. In the IT context, information systems consist of the data collection process, insertions, storage, processing, distribution and use of information. All the people and technology involved in performing these functions are converted. Therefore, when one introduces the term ‘management’ before Information Systems, then one must incorporate managerial functions. These are information systems that are designed to cover management roles. They may include decision making processes, facilitation of interpersonal interactions and communication purposes. Some of the examples of MIS include supply chain management, project management, resource management applications, and decisions support systems. How companies use Management Information Systems The first and most vital way in which one can use MISs in one’s organization is to make strategic decisions. MISs can support strategic planning by providing all the relevant information and knowledge that is likely to affect a company in the future. MISs allows companies to forecast business trends or employ metrics in order to guide their decisions about the future. Executive Information Systems exist for this very purpose. They are designed to summarize reports from various departments in the company and thus assist executes in making strategic decisions. A senior executive would easily identify the strengths and weaknesses in his organization and thus work towards improving it. Alternatively, the same organization may use the information in order to assess buying trends. This will facilitate the prediction of sales revenues in each market segment. As such, the company can positively influence its returns by taking advantage of this invaluable knowledge. Companies can also discard those operations th
Germany under the supervision of the powerful positioned leader Adolf Hitler invaded a number of regions including Poland, Norway, Denmark, the Netherland, France and Belgium from 1936 to 1940. The Channel Island was the closest region where Germany’s invasion lasted. One area where Germany did not succeed was in the invasion and conquest of Great Britain. The campaign of attack on Great Britain was named as Battle of Britain. Germany’s goal behind the will to invade Great Britain was to achieve air superiority over the royal air force (RAF). Germany’s own air force which was named Luftwaffe was less powerful in comparison with Royal Air Force (RAF). In this paper, we shall discuss the reasons why Germany was determined to invade Great Britain and it did not happen? The Treaty of Versailles was a blow for Germany after the First World War. The treaty of Versailles resulted in the passion of Adolf Hitler to raise power and to exercise the power on other states. Due to this passion, Germany marked his plan to invade regions. One wrong step introduced a turning point in the war and a continuous successful invasion of Germany (Kegley 96). The invasion of Great Britain was important to Adolf Hitler because in this way the great air force power of Great Britain would have been destroyed. Adolf Hitler was determined to invade as many regions as he could to gain power and conduct power politics in the world. In the beginning, the German troops were poorly equipped but invaded Austria and Poland steadily with ease due to the lack of power of these states (Robbins). The complications occurred in the way of Adolf Hitler when his plan for an invasion of Great Britain was about to be worked upon. Germany underestimated the air force of Britain and led the plan according to the minimal expected risk. In the beginning, it was tough for most of the Jews to enter Great Britain but an almost good amount of German troops entered Great Britain through the water. At the time of the attack, there were 2500 aircrafts available in the German air force. The total of the aircraft included 969 bombers, 360 Skuka dive bombers, 869 ME109 and 268 twin-engine fighters’ planes. To Adolf Hitler, such an amount and variety of weapons for air attack would be enough for Great Britain. Adolf Hitler was sure that Great Britain will easily and quickly come to terms (Mackenzie). The reason behind the satisfaction of Adolf Hitler regarding the machines was the unfavorable condition of Great Britain. This satisfaction of Adolf Hitler failed its goals and objectives to achieve air force superiority. The reason behind such a failure was the suffici
Depicting the events of the Second World War is a popular strategy among moviemakers. The demand for movies about this topic has been unstoppable since the day the war was over. However, aside from demonstrating glorious but violent battles, some cinematographers also manage to excellently portray the struggles of refugees, who were ordinary people trying to escape the terrors of war. It proves that using special effects and violence is not necessary for representing how dreadful this war was. Many of the best military films are chamber productions that take place far from the front. Dunkirk and Casablanca are two movies where the main characters are running from the main threat, which is Nazi Germany. Nevertheless, despite some similar elements between these two movies, it would be wrong to assume that they are the same. In terms of the plot and genres, they are completely different. While the focus of Casablanca is put on the romantic relationship between characters and drama, in Dunkirk , the emphasis is on history and war. In order to understand the disparities between these two movies, it is necessary to conduct a separate analysis of each one. First of all, it should be noted that in Dunkirk , there is no war in its usual sense. It means that the viewer will not see any extensive battles between two armies. The only fighting characters are the British pilots, while all the other heroes in army uniforms strive to leave the battlefield as quickly as possible ( Dunkirk ). At the same time, their enemies, which are German troops, are completely absent throughout the entire movie. The enemy appears as a faceless force that lacks in individuality but is terrible in its destructiveness. Another important factor about this movie is the intersection of three storylines. In this case, the events associated with each storyline occupy a different time frame. The story of British pilots lasts for an hour, the yacht for a day; the soldiers and officers remained on the beach for a week ( Dunkirk ). In this way, the sense of chaos increases, making the viewer feel how the perception of time can change n extreme conditions. The movie also pays no attention to romance; the characters do not have the mental capacity for this as they are busy surviving and evacuating. In Casablanca , the viewer also does not see any epic battles, only the struggles of those who wish to evacuate to a safer place. There is only one main storyline that focuses on a complex love drama between Rick and Ilsa ( Casablanca ). The narrative is relatively calm, comparing to Dunkirk ; however, even the threat feels far away, it still hangs over the main characters. The overall mood of the movie is melancholic, which sometimes changes with slight humor in dialogues. Although this black-and-white cinema is far from the modern blockbusters in terms of action and drive, it continues to captivate viewers with its narrative. In addition, while Dunkirk depicts the historical events that occurred during the war, the plot of Casablanca is completely made-up. In conclusion, it would appear that even though these two movies depict similar topics, their ge
Cellular manufacturing derives its basic principles from the “lean” manufacturing system popularize by Toyota Motor Corporation. In cellular manufacturing, group technology dominates the process making use of similarity between parts effectively achieving a standardized common processing unit. There is a great improvement in flow of materials in cellular manufacturing and in most cases there is a reduction in the distances the materials travel. There is also a significant reduction of inventory and cumulative lead times in the manufacturing process. According to Black (2000, p. 177), the cell manufacturing concept helps firms produce inventory that is only on demand, potentially avoiding wastage especially in the cases of goods with a short shelf life. It is important to note that in cell manufacturing, most of the processing takes place within the cell resulting in better quality products. In a nutshell, cellular manufacturing is saves on time, costs and add flexibility to the manufacturing process. Traditional or functional production manufacturing gives emphasis to equipment utilization (Swamdimass & Darlow, 2000, p.17). In this setting, it is common for manufacturers to lump equipments together in a highly demarcated manner with little regard for efficiency. In most cases, traditional/ functional manufacturing systems are prone to equipment breakdowns compromising quality. Inventory overproduction is common in functional/traditional manufacturing systems, concern that manufacturers are addressing through cellular production (Roth, 2007, p.89). Like any business process, cellular manufacturing has its merits and demerits, especially if applied in a fast food restaurant setting. Cellular manufacturing will help a fast food restaurant produce better quality food “on order” basis thanks to the process’ efficiency. Additionally, the restaurant stands to avoid over production and effectively, wastage because it will produce food that is only ordered. In case of a breakdown however, the entire cell goes down thus stopping production of a particular type of food. This is likely to elicit backlash from customers and a bad customer service reputation in the long-run. Determination of a first food’s supply chain effectiveness may take place through measurement of its time of delivery, wastage and levels of inventory produced. Customer responsiveness can also help determine effectiveness of a fast food supply chain. Time of delivery is important given that fast food outlets mostly deal with time conscious people including office workers and travelers. Any discrepancy in the time of delivery therefore is likely to point to inefficiency of the supply chain process. Wastage is always likely in fast food restaurants especially due to the perishable nature of the products they deal with. An effective supply chain process will ensure efficiency in inventory production effectively reducing wastage. Closely related to wastage are inventory levels. Production of inventory should match the demand
Reintegration of offenders with mental illnesses is challenging for the US criminal and juvenile justice systems, as this population has unique needs that should be addressed. The prevalence rates of mental illness among convicts is challenging to measure, and estimations vary from 7% to 26% (Fazel et al., 2016). However, the occurrence of mental health disorders is even higher among juvenile offenders, as 50%-75% of this population fits the criteria for at least one disorder (Underwood, & Washington, 2016). The present paper aims at assessing the unique needs of juvenile offenders with mental illnesses in comparison with their adult counterparts and identifying effective strategies for their rehabilitation. Needs Assessment Reintegration of adult offenders with mental illnesses poses a considerable problem for the US criminal justice system and communities. According to Abadinsky (2018), the most common illnesses that occur in prison are depression, bipolar disorders, or schizophrenia, aggravated by other co-existing conditions. In particular, inmates often have substance use disorder that poses significant problems for rehabilitation (Abadinsky, 2018). Correctional facilities usually stabilize acute conditions and sometimes overmedicate inmates to control behavioral issues (Abadinsky, 2018). The problem is aggravated by the fact that medical records are kept poorly or not transferred correctly to the case managers (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 1998). Mental illnesses often co-exist with substance use disorder, which also requires continuous treatment upon release. Additionally, apart from unique needs, adult offenders with mental issues face problems common for other offenders. Therefore, the population requires medication planning, career guidance, housing, psychological support, substance use treatment, and mental treatment. The needs of juvenile offenders with mental conditions differ from those of their counterparts. The rehabilitation of young delinquents depends upon the efficiency of four systems, including education, child protection, juvenile justice, and mental health. Juvenile offenders often need the support of more than one or even all four of these systems (Underwood, & Washington, 2016). Therefore, it is clear that case managers need to manage more stakeholders when dealing with the youth, in comparison with adult offenders. Additionally, work with the family is required to ensure the effectiveness of rehabilitation (National Conference of State Legislators [NCSL], n.d.). Juvenile offenders also need more careful screening and assessment for mental conditions, as symptoms of the illnesses may mimic developmental changes of the adolescents, which creates a risk of unnecessary treatment (NCSL, n.d.). The understanding of the unique needs of populations is vital for successful reintegration. Reintegration: Requirements, Strategie
Working with families can be a stressful endeavor because of the inherent complexity within each family subsystem. There is an intricate shared history that is interpreted in different ways by different members, and the boundaries, psychological distances, and roles within and between family subsystems are constantly shifting (McGoldrick, Petro & Carter, 2016). It would be difficult and stressful for a third party such as me to untangle and successfully navigate this web of connections, especially if some family members are unwilling participants in psychotherapy. The person who instigated the therapy could have expectations that do not align with my own. Furthermore, interacting with families can evoke unpleasant memories or associations from my personal experiences. The best coping strategy for these sources of stress is maintaining a clear division between home and work, talking to supportive colleagues, and pursuing personal therapy. The difficulty of working with families is further compounded if they come from a different cultural background. The definition of “family” is extremely variable, and diverse social support networks could have evolved depending on the environment each culture is exposed to (McGoldrick, Petro & Carter, 2016). I imagine it would be challenging to differentiate between behavioral patterns that are either dysfunctional or simply the result of unique cultural differences. I need to help families develop healthy rituals that correspond to their culture and values without imposing my own standards. Furthermore, there is the danger of operating according to the middle-class paradigm and ignoring societal issues of discrimination or poverty. One strategy to avoid this stressor is to cultivate intercultural sensitivity by critically analyzing my assumptions, practicing cultural humility, and interacting with representatives of different cultures in my daily life to develop a well-rounded perspective. Reference McGoldrick, M., Preto, N. A. G., & Carter, B. A. (2015). The expanding family life cycle: Individual, family, and social perspectives. Pearson.
“The Things They Carried” is a short story written by Tim O’Brien to present to the readers his own autobiography and a war memoir. O’Brien complicates the narration by creating the protagonist who actually shares his real name. The story is about a platoon of soldiers from the American soil fighting in the Vietnam War. The title of the story “The Things They Carried” is effective for it describes the soldiers and the kind of valuables they brought along in their missions. This is evidenced by the introduction of the story where Tim O’Brien gives a detailed description of the main characters and what they carry from the physical items to emotional ones as well. This paper will focus on the title of the story “The Things They Carried” and how it acts as a guide to the meaning of the story. Through the use of literary techniques, the author gives detailed accounts of the tangible and intangible things which the soldiers take with them and which most of the times burden them. Each of the soldier’s possessions defines the kind of people they really are. The things that the soldiers carry depend on several factors like their constitutions, priorities, missions, necessity, and sometimes superstition. The narrator says “they carried malaria tablets, love letters, 28 pound mine detectors, dope, illustrated bibles, and each other.” If the soldiers happen to arrive home safely and sound, “they carried unrelenting images of a nightmarish war” (O’Brien, 2009). The title of the story fits well with its meaning as evidenced by the first point of view of the narrator when describing the things they carry. Jimmy Cross the Lieutenant of the company carries letters written by his girlfriend Martha everywhere he goes. Even though the girl has not given Jimmy a sign or an indication of love, he still carries the letters as a reminder of his love for her. Jimmy’s backpack carries each letter written by Martha and his mouth carries “her good luck charm” (O’Brien, 2009). After marching the whole day, Jimmy would sit down, unwrap the letters and fantasize that Martha will one day come to her senses and returning his love. Apart from the letters, Jimmy does carry Martha’s photographs to serve as a memory of her. It was only once that he got the chance to go on a movie date with Martha. During the movie, he had touched her knee and the look she gave him made Jimmy withdraw his hand fast. O’Brien e