ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
War is one of the most horrific events that could possibly happen to our world. It is feared and avoided by generations of people. Even though the modern generations of humans growing up in the Western countries and on the territory of Global North have never faced real war, they are well aware of its terrors and scary consequences. The First and Second World Wars have taught people a memorable lesson. The events of the past still haunt some of the countries, the relics of the war are still being found in the places of former battlefields, the veterans are being honored and the films about the war times are still popular. Of course, the modern humanity knows about the Wars not only from the history books and classes. The First and Second World Wars were massive events that caused horrible destructions and had millions of victims. Lots of people were enlisted in the army and fought at the front lines. Many of these people were poets and writers. Their works outlived the creators in order to serve as reminders of the awful and shocking circumstances these men and women had to witness. Wilfred Owen was one of such poets. He was born in 1893 in England. He was a highly intelligent man and worked as a language tutor in France, until his patriotic duty sent him to the front line (Wilfred Owen, par. 3). All of the poems of Wilfred Owen are collected in a single volume. There are not many of his works, because this brave man died young. He is a typical example of his generation, a young man with proper values that fought for his motherland and died at the battlefield as a hero, crossing the Sambre canal and leading his men (Wilfred Owen, par. 4). Owen’s style and works were strongly influenced by another great poet of the First World War times, Siegfried Sassoon (Biography of Wilfred Owen 2014, par. 2). Wilfred Owen was deeply touched by the scenes he observed during the war. This is why many of his poems are tribute to the war times and reflect the pain and horror the young man had to experience every day. The descriptions of war in literature and poetry are much more striking than the dry facts from the history books. The art of using right words and comparisons in order to create the brightest associations in the minds of the readers requires a lot of talent and skills. Wilfred Owen possessed both, and this is why he is considered one of the greatest First World War poets in the world. The poem called “Anthem for Doomed Youth” was written in 1917 in fall. The poet begins asking his readers a question about the young soldiers that are killed like cattle at the battle fields all over the world. Owen wonders what kind of “passing bells” (1) will say farewell to these boys and girls that barely saw the life. The poet describes the sounds of shooting guns and rifles and compares them to the prayers because these are the last and only sounds the young fighters hear before dying. The author mentions that there are crowds of soldiers with such sad destinie
It is vivid that Chinese-American is one of the fastest growing immigrant groups in America today (Gustaitis, p. 7). A visit to the United States of America reveals heavy presence of Chinese-Americans. Most of these immigrants originated from mainland China while others found their way from countries like Taiwan and Chinese neighbors. They had their own successes as well as challenges. It is against this backdrop that this paper presents an argument that Chinese- Americans are neither Chinese nor Americans. The latter can be attributed to the fact that those who live in America today undergo myriad of problems contrary to Native Americans. To start with, it is crucial to mention that the main problem Chinese-Americans are facing is self identification. They do not know their identity due to desire to be Chinese and Americans at the same time. As a matter of fact, they have already gone through process called dual personality. Indeed, this has posed great challenge to them. Worse still, their yellowish complexion which is similar to other Chinese has also brought a lot of confusion. Additionally, the mainstream culture of Americans has transformed both intrinsic personality and socio-cultural norms of many children born in America. The notion of double personality has already influenced authority of language acquisition and command. As a result, they are non-native American speakers and therefore do not have full command of English. They feel that they are more of foreigners than native speakers. The other problem is the notion that they are born in America and have little command of Chinese language. What a contrast! They cannot claim English or Chinese as native languages. As such, they are tied in between this contrast. This notion has created a problem in their communication and became hard for them to become true Chinese or Americans. It has also become difficult to overcome this barrier when interacting. Another emergent issue that they have suffered as a result of double personality is prejudice and discrimination from American native speakers (Behnke, p. 5). These kinds of treatment have forced them to work hard to be identified as Americans. They do not realize that there was practice of racism in this country. A good example of such prejudice is how they were treated while working in gold mines. They used to say that they were supposed to stay together and keep away from white miners in order to avoid being prey to bandits (Hunsicker, p. 12). They tried to avoid such treatment although Americans would not see them as native citizens. It is clear that quite a number of Chinese-Americans would not want to use the name Chinese. In most cases, they tried to avoid it in communication. They wanted to make use of the word American as the
The way of Geisha dance demonstrates to us the importance of maiko in the traditional Japanese culture. The difficult times that the character goes through serve to prepare her for the tedious maiko training. Maiko entertains people from all cadres. This, at the same time brings to us the rich Japanese culture. The whole process through the dance displays the thorough training the Maiko usually go through. Geisha lessons prepare women to become independent with little dependence on men. Their sanctity when training shows how the trainers value developing maiko women who respect themselves. The main character loses parents and a sister. The death of parents and the punishment do not serve any good to the character. The dance reveals the element of jealousy among women as they compete for the attention of men. The concept behind may not be men as depicted because maiko grow up women who never get married but it seems the push is economic gain. An appreciation by men comes in terms of monetary rewards. The dance is crucial to the lives of many Japanese women. It has created a constant source of income to these women. Maiko is an avenue for trainers to make income. The training is formal and schools exist. The tutors who are specially trained must be paid. The geisha houses, recruitment, and training are income-generating stages. The structure of the training itself creates a continuum that is a source of income to people at every level. From art training, learning in teahouses through to the teachings on the navigation of social networking people earn income. The trainers, entrepreneurs who run geisha houses, hairdressers and stylists all get income. The maiko girls are very successful businesspeople. The dance attracts tourists in Japan (Masuda 77). The visitors who are always very enthusiastic about the dance, come to purchase the traditional costumes called kimono along with the geisha makeup. Geisha has been expanded to cover modeling and taking international tours. Through this, the Japanese culture that is considered the impeccable form of art is spread across the world. Geisha has succeeded in giving women economic and financial independence. The comparison between Geisha and Japanese dance draws many differences. Whereas the Japanese dance has two types i.e. Odori and Mai, geisha is one dance that has two divisions that are Tchikata and Jikata. Geisha is a dance dominated by women, and the Japanese dance is male oriented. Geisha is performed in public places that include social fu
Noble Group Limited currently stands as the marketing leader in operating global supply chain of industrial, agricultural and energy commodity products. This claim can be justified by the fact that Noble Group Limited has managed to position itself as the global leader in supply chain management in approximately two decades a factor that can be attributed to their “hand on” to business. It is noteworthy that Noble Group Limited specializes in production and distribution of raw materials from low cost production and adequacy areas to deficiency areas across the globe. Throughout the delivery chain, the company ensures that value is added at every stage of the supply chain. Additionally, the Noble Group limited also operates shipping activities, coal mining, Investment and risk management, structured trade finance, and agricultural produce crushing plants and mills especially in South American region. The Group boats of a large network of subsidiary operations in close to 38 different countries spread across five continents. In terms of career opportunities Noble Group is an employer to approximately 11, 000 personnel of at least 68 nationalities in diverse divisions across the globe (Noble group 2010; p54). Key operations of the group are carried out in Americas, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Unmatched specialization of the group include areas of Agriculture, logistics, Energy, metals and minerals For a period of two decades, Noble Group limited has certainly grown into a global venture in various specialized areas with demonstrable capabilities supply and delivery of valuable commodities to the real world (Bloomberg businessWeek , 2011). Thanks to the Groups, realization that operating a successful global chain lies in building and owning real infrastructure that include the sophisticated warehouses, real ports, as well as physical mines (Noble Group, 2011). It is also plausible that the company owns majority of the origination points, independently produce and process the raw materials and above all enjoy an interrupted control over the supply pipeline from the beginning to the end. In fact, the increasing success of the Group lies in their ability to control and operate most of their infrastructure independently taking to consideration that this move has seen the Group build its businesses in an environment with increased Unification of major commodity producers. The Group’s success strategy lies in developing a diversified netwo
Introduction Influenza is a contagious but preventable disease, which can have severe complications. If the virus is not treated in time, it can cause hospitalization or even death. To stop the infection from spreading among people, doctors use the preventive way, and that is called vaccination. However, the lack of understanding of vaccines and how exactly they work is interfering with the proper implementation of precautionary measures (Srivastav et al., 2019). People are not educated enough on the subject and are anxious about what a vaccine can do to the immune system. However, several Hong Kong researchers like Leung et al. (2017) are confident that educated patients are more likely to increase the vaccination rate. This paper will focus on analyzing their article “Impact of Patient Education on Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. The analysis will be conducted according to Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklist for a Randomized Clinical Trial (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2005, p. 51). Review of the study The main purpose of this study is to determine the performance of a short face-to-face educational session between the doctor and the patient. The authors believe that the information may motivate the patients to make a well-informed and balanced decision, thus increasing the influenza vaccination rate among people up to 75 years old (Thomas & Lorenzetti, 2018). The search was conducted with the help of medical students who approached patients in General Out-patient Clinics. They invited them to participate in the study, which means that random assignment was not concealed from the individuals. After giving written consent, patients were divided according to their gender and if they received the influenza vaccination in the previous 2 years. Out of 529 patients, 265 were placed into the experimental group, and 243 were put in the control group (Leung et al., 2017). Subjects and providers were not blind to the study group. Then investigators g
Introduction Freemasonry is a fraternal association which dates back to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It has been defined as being “a society of gentlemen concerned with moral and spiritual values, and one of the world’s oldest and most popular fraternal organizations” (Hoddap, 2005 p.13). It has been widely misunderstood and therefore controversial since it is a secret society. Today, various masonry forms exist globally having a membership of approximately 6 million people particularly in the developed world. Freemasonry is an enigmatic society and serves as a brotherhood where members often gather for intellectual as well as spiritual nourishment. However, they are often perceived as a secretive organization dominated by influential people. The freemason fraternity is structured into various autonomous grand lodges governed by its own jurisdiction and is comprised of constituent lodges. The different Grand lodges should adhere to landmarks in order to be recognized by the rest appendant bodies, which are also included as associations linked to the chief freemasonry group although they are governed autonomously. The organization utilizes various metaphors. Historical perspective The widely embraced historical origin of Freemason dates to the stonemason guilds in Scotland during the middle ages in the 18 th century. The organization of masons was under the French, Charles Martel but masons guild existed during A.D 926 in New York led by Athelston (Hodapp, 2005). However, some claim that it dates all the way to the construction of King Solomon’s Temple in the Biblical Jerusalem during 967 B.C. The temple was magnificent where the core sanctuary or sanctum sanctorum was designed for the Ark of the Covenant with sacred directives from God (Hodapp, 2005). According to this claim, the constructors of the temple comprised the initial stonemasons and who founded the extensive organization of freemasons that is seen today. Hiram Abiff was the master architect of the temple and was bestowed with hidden knowledge regarding the temple. Others were envious and some kidnapped him in order to reveal the secret knowledge and killed Abiff when he failed to disclose the knowledge (Karg & Young, 2009). King Solomon as a result demanded other masons to look for his corpse in order to get the secret knowledge required in the temple construction. They searched to no avail and Solomon initiated a Masonic secret which lied under the concept “Mahabone,” referring to “the Grand Lodge door opened” (Karg & Young, 2009). This concept is applied as a password to access the 3 rd masonry degree. Membership, Rituals and Symbols Manny nations in the world have Grand Lodge of Freemasons identified through various emblems such as rings, or clothes having a square & a compass as illustrated below: (Karg & Young, 2006) There lies a mystery in the geometry in that the non-dogmatic supreme deity, whom they believe is the Great Architect of the Universe. The Supreme Being depends on each person’s conscience and the general sacred book used i
When it comes to the definition of a criminal act, many people are likely to associate it with specific decisions that cause instant harm to property or individuals or have negative long-term consequences. However, in some cases, the failure to take action is also a criminal offense. Punishable omissions are inextricably connected with the presence of legal duties, and they vary based on the character of necessary actions that are omitted. Omission is a Criminal Act From moral considerations, fellow citizens are expected to help each other in difficult situations that involve threats to people’s life and health. The gap between being obliged and recommended to take some actions becomes obvious when it comes to criminal omissions. The failure to do something to prevent dangerous crimes or save a person who needs help does not always qualify as an omission since there is a significant difference between moral and legal obligations. An omission can be regarded as a criminal offense if a person does not react to some situation in a manner required by the law. There are two types of criminal omissions that are dissimilar in terms of their consequences (Samaha, 2017). The first type, the failure to act, involves the lack of actions that can raise awareness about certain crimes and reduce their negative effects (Samaha, 2017). As for the failure to intervene, this term is used to define the inability to take direct actions helping to prevent bodily harm or damage to property (Samaha, 2017). Both types present an interesting research topic since the degree to which they apply to individuals depends on people’s professional duties and other factors. The failure to act is an offense that can take a variety of forms. The inability to report some criminal acts is among the most common causes related to it (Samaha, 2017). Not all citizens are required to make interventions and take direct actions to stop criminals. However, it is commonly accepted that a person should at least report a crime if he or she knows something or becomes an eyewitness of some illegal acts (Samaha, 2017). As an example, a social worker who knows about a case of child abuse or rape and fails to report it can be subject to punishment since he or she is obliged to protect children’s interests. As for some real-life cases, in 2017, four members of school staff in Marion County were punished for not reporting one student’s complaint about armed threats because of the child’s mental status (Lopardi, 2017). Thus, the inability to provide information about actual or suspected crimes is an important question when it comes to specialists working with people who have no legal capacity. Speaking about the failure to intervene, this type of criminal omission is often interconnected with specific duties in some professional fields. It occurs when people fail to take actions related to their field of responsibility, thus neglecting their legal duties (Samaha, 2017). Also, the unwillingness to provide necessary
The role of religion in Europe must be taken into account, especially when comparing its city centers with those of NA. The fact that most European city centers are visually dominated by soaring steeples of cathedrals can be traced back to the role played by historic churches in shaping the nation’s culture. As a result, churches and especially cathedrals still have a place in the lives of contemporary Europeans even though the nation is incapable of controlling the beliefs and behaviors of its populace. Cultural heritage in Europe is thus one of the key factors explaining the fact that its centers are dominated by cathedrals (Ostergren, 2011). The Christian tradition is a vital element in the development of Europe, and its role in forming and reforming the nation’s way of life has been portrayed through its city centers. The Christian tradition has had a great effect on shaping all the aspects of the nation. Every part of Europe is predominated by Christian churches, with some having huge symbolic meanings. It is evident that almost all the larger towns in Europe are good indicators of increasing religious diversity. The populace of Europe has an ideology that if more churches are located around the city center, then more of the citizen’s will be tempted to attend (Ostergren, 2011). This is due to the changing nature of church attendance in modern Europe. The nation’s Christian culture has changed from a “culture of obligation or duty to a culture of consumption or choice” (Ostergren, 2011). This observable change in the nation has made the number of significant churchgoers to diminish, and church-going has become a matter of individual choice as shown in the statement, “I go to church (or to another religious organization) because I want to, maybe for a short period or maybe for longer, to fulfill a particular rather than a general need in my life and where I will continue my attachment so long as it provides what I want, but I have no obligation either to attend in the first place or to continue if I don’t want to” (Ostergren, 2011). The fact that several things are occurring in Europe’s religious life can be accounted to the domineering number of churches all over the peripherals of its cities. This is in contrast to NA city centers, which are domineered by a central business district, auto expressway, a skyline marked by tall commercial buildings, and a few residents. In NA, churches have lost their ability to discipline the spiritual thinking of large numbers of its populace, especially the youth. Concurrently, the range of spiritual choice is expa
Introduction Currently, there exists numerous research-works on brand management within larger and established organizations (LOs). Such research in the organizations has dwelt on important aspects that enable the organizations to achieve the goals of brand organization (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.1). Nevertheless, on sad note, such extensive and intensive research-work lacks in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Some specific reasons cited to be the main contributing factors relate low research on brand management within the SME sector. The factors include: majority of SME are perceived to exhibit low capabilities; SME have low marketing power as compared to large organizations; SME have inadequate resources that they can use to effect appropriate and quality brand management (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.1). Other notable reasons have to do with the general perception among SME that brand management involves huge budgets a situation that has been refuted by majority of authors on brand management who maintains that effective branding of the organization can be achieved irrespective of the organization’s budget where it only requires creativity and market assertiveness (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.2). Therefore, undertaking research work on the issue of brand management within the SME sector is necessary due to numerous identified gaps. SME is a growing sector contributing immensely to the economies of many countries. However, it is lack of appreciation and concern by majority of scholar