ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This essay is a case study of a pizza franchise that is still new in the industry. The initiator of this business is an alumni of La Trobe University who decided to create a part-time job for himself. The business is picking up and Tien is worried because he lacks the necessary experience to manage the business. He therefore, seeks for our help in the following areas: to prepare a weighted cost of capital and the net present value of the business. Weighted average cost of capital The cost of capital is the price a company pays for being financed. In other words, it is the reward to lenders and shareholders for sacrificing a portion of their wealth to finance the operations of a business. Therefore, the weighted average cost of capital is the expression of the market value of a source of finance with respect to its contribution to the total capital base of a business. Concerning the pizza franchise, the cost of equity is estimated to be 6.5% and the cost of debt is 6.5%. Tien has decided to have a capital structure that comprises of 30% debt and 70% equity capital. This means that 30% of the businesses’ capital is contributed by debt and the remaining 70%, by equity. Therefore, the weighted average cost of capital is estimated as follows: 6.5 (0.7) + 6.5 (0.3) = 6.5%. Consequently, the after-tax weighted average cost of capital is 6.5%. The net present value It is a method of evaluating whether a business is worthy of investment. It is a technique used to discount the cash flows of a business in order to estimate its value. In regards to Tien’s business, the four-year cash flows should be discounted using a factor of 6.5% because it is the cost of finance. The figures are as follows: Present values of the cash inflows= (-51,768/1.065 1 ) + (-21,651/1.065 2 ) + (8466/1.065 3 ) + (38,584/1.065 4 ) = – 30696.5. The net present value = (- 30696.5- 620,000) = – 650,696.5 The present value accept or reject rule states that a good investment is that whose present value of cash inflows exceed the present values of cash outflows. Concerning Domino Pizza enterprise, it is not wise to make an investment into the business because it has a negative NPV. Negative NPV shows that a business would make losses in the future while a positive NPV reflects profitability. Therefore, in four year’s time, the value of Tien’s business will be negative.
Evidence shows that the human population is not sustainable if it maintains current consumption and growth patterns. Sustainability denotes the capacity to meet the present needs of the human population without hampering the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It stems from the fact that the planet’s resources are exhaustible. When man’s lifestyle overruns the earth’s ability to absorb waste and renew its resources, then his survival in the future will be severely hampered. Human beings cannot sustain the current growth rate. The world’s population size harms the environment. Further, the consumption patterns, as well as the technology man, has invented have affected the resources that are available now and in the future. Evidence of this negative impact is seen through increased instances of floods, droughts, or rises in sea levels. Furthermore, soil erosion, pollution of sea waters, increased salinity of the soil, and desertification have proven that man’s impact is less than desirable. If these environmental crises continue, then man will lack water, vegetation, food, and other resources needed to survive in the future. The rate of population growth is affected by birth and death rates. Statistics indicate that the world population is growing exponentially. This means that death rates have reduced due to better healthcare and technology. Improved sanitation and medical services have also minimized infant mortalities. In 1930, the amount of time needed to double the global population was 80 years. This figure has reduced considerably to 45 years in 1975. It is estimated that it will be 50 years by 2025 (Schaefer et. al. 8). A graph of population growth rate versus time over the past century shows exponential growth in population. This has implications on the amount of waste that the earth will have to accommodate, the resources that it must provide to the human population, and the environmental damage it can tolerate. Projections indicate that a rising population growth rate will continue in the near future, and then it will stabilize. The carrying capacity of the earth has been exceeded and will continue if populations increase. The ecological footprint enables one to unders
It is very difficult to make a profit when it comes to the airline. This is because of the cost involved such as such as the purchase of aircraft and its maintenance. However, a new concept emerged that could be used to make airlines more profitable and it is by transforming a traditional organization into a low-cost carrier. This is made possible by many factors but it can be said that the most significant component is the use of information technology specifically the utilization of the Intranet and Extranet networking system. If this company is considering a major change in order to transform an airline based on conventional systems, and turn it into a low-cost carrier, then it is imperative to look at the way technology is shaping and continue to change the business landscape. The world has gone from the Industrial Age to the Information Age in just a relatively short period of time. For thousands of years the tools needed to conduct business and even to communicate with one another is accomplished through the use of indigenous materials and crude technology. However, when the computer was invented the whole world was turned upside down because it radically altered the way people do things. The invention of computers and the creation of massive networks connecting computer all over the nation and all over the world revolutionized all aspects of business. The world became smaller in terms of communication through the use of instant messaging systems. Business transactions are being done through the internet, and recently through a refined system called the Intranet and the Extranet (Muller, 2002, p.343).The last two are all computer networks but engineered to work for specific organizations. Intranet Before going any further it is important to have a clear understanding of what a network is all about. A basic definition of a network is to have two or more computers that are linked together so that information can be exchanged between them. The following are the basic components of a network: a sending device; a communication link; and a receiving device (Cox, 2007, p.10). A sending device can be a computer or server and the receiving device can be another computer, server or equipment (Cox, 2007, p.10). The communication link is where communication signals are transmitted. In other words a network is a system that enables an airline to make easy, fast, and efficient communications. The development of computer networks is the answer to the urgent need of airline companies to receive and send information quickly and efficiently. This is not like the manufacturing business where a slight del
Problem Statement Autism is a spectrum disorder, and autistic children demonstrate problems in social behavior and interactions. Autistic children fail to build relations with the other people because they are unaware of the environment round them, and they experience emotional deficits (Charlop et al. 372). As a result, autistic children are usually not involved in interactions, and they do not demonstrate any reaction to the environmental stimuli (Dauphin, Kinney, and Stromer 238). The problem is in the fact that these features and aspects of the autistic children’s behaviors cause their inability to develop the most important daily living skills and skills associated with the interaction with other people. Thus, autistic children experience difficulties with bathing, dressing, street crossing, and shopping (Delano 34). Furthermore, it is a difficult task to teach autistic children the daily living skills, and it is important to propose a method or a technique that is effective to teach autistic children and train such necessary skills as communication skills, ordering, and shopping skills. The effective solution to the problem is necessary because deficits in these skills make autistic children vulnerable, and their daily life becomes full of problems and barriers. Goal of the Project Video model
Clark, J. (2009). The state of pre-trial release decision-making in tribal jurisdictions: closing the knowledge gap. Journal of court innovation, 2 (2), 298-327. In this journal, Clark informs the world how the state of pre-trial release in tribal jurisdiction operates in the United States. This article sought to establish the existing gap in the knowledge of how pre-trial decision-making should operate in tribal courts across the United States. According to the author, the pre-trial court order seems to be eliciting sharp reactions and it must have appeared to demean justice among some tribes. In some tribal courts, numerous defences leave the courts on pre-trial releases and in a very quick manner, while in other tribal courts, defends remain detained for long periods. However, the articles still recognize how courts have learned on the impact of pretrial release based on the risks affiliated with community security in case of non-appearance of any defendant, the absolute reason for the credibility and reliability of this journal. Cohen, T., & Reaves, B. (2004). Pre-trial release of felony defendants in state courts . US Department of Justice. Web. In this manuscript, Cohen and Reaves begin by explaining the actual scenario of the American court system about pre-trial and bail releases in fourteen consecutive years (1990-2004). The article gives an account of the historical perspective of financial and non-financial pre-trial releases. Based on the biennial State Court Processing Statistics (SCPS), at the advent of 1998, financial pre-trial releases replaced the non-financial requiring posting of bail. The influx in the overuse of financial releases constantly became prevalent throughout successive years consequently resulting in competitive commercial surety bonding that affected the court systems to the later. The use of high surety amount or the contradiction of the same was evident in serious violent offences that affected the
The play The Little Foxes tells the reader about Regina, her brothers, and their business that can lift a family out of poverty and greatly enrich it. In addition, the play shows how destructive the pursuit of profit can be for an entire family. Nevertheless, it is essential to emphasize that the play’s meaning is very ambiguous, as are its characters. It is necessary to analyze the protagonist and the plot itself to identify the evil that has led the characters to their downfall. To begin with, Regina herself is an ambiguous character. At the beginning of the play, the protagonist wants the best for her family, works honestly, and dreams of becoming a wealthy plantation owner (Hartley & Ladu, 1948). As the story progresses, the negative traits of the various characters are shown, and the heroine is no exception. It becomes apparent that the antagonist in the play is not a specific person but money. The money opposes the human traits of the characters, which makes them suffer and forces them to do horrible things. For example, the thirst for profit motivates one of the characters, Leo, to steal bonds to obtain funding (Hartley & Ladu, 1948). Another even more striking example is Regina’s transformation into a deceitful and hypocritical woman who wants an inheritance as soon as possible (Hartley & Ladu, 1948). She is willing to do anything for money, even to contribute to the painful death of Horace and to blackmail her brothers. The play reveals the external forces that turn the man into a worthless and embittered creature. Capitalism, which creates and actively promotes the need for money, corrupts society and encourages the soul’s rotting and corruption. This is no excuse for the characters’ actions but explains the essence of such a phenomenon as a betrayal of the self. The example of Horace’s wife shows that the cult of wealth erected by capitalism makes ordinary individuals into people who are never satisfied; they will always be short (Hartley & Ladu, 1948). This leads to pallid consequences, where the protagonist becomes rich, as she had planned, but money is all he has left (Hartley & Ladu, 1948). Regina has lost everything, including her family, her daughter’s love, and her dignity. Regina’s story suggests that money is an essential resource for improving the quality of life.
Theobromine is a chemical substance naturally occurring in cocoa beans, tea plant leaves, and kola nuts (Gans, Korson, Cater & Ackerly 481). It belongs to a family of chemicals called methylxanthines. It has been consumed by humans for centuries. Cocoa bean husks are added to animal feeds in cocoa producing regions. Theobromine poisoning can occur when large amounts of the chemical are ingested. Dogs, cats, rodents, cattle, horses and pigs can be intoxicated by theobromine. Dogs are by far the most susceptible farm animals. This paper will discuss the mechanism, signs and symptoms, treatment, and prevention of theobromine poisoning in animals. Toxicity in dogs and cats follows ingestion of a lot chocolate. Different types of chocolate contain different concentrations of theobromine. Ingestion of large amounts of the alkaloid can cause death. Dogs are likely to get intoxicated because they like sweet food (Drolet et. al 902). Husks fed to cattle may contain high concentrations of theobromine. Toxicity correlates well with concentration of the chemical and the weight of the animal (toxicity is caused by an overdose). Small animals are likely to be affected by small amounts of the chemical. The lethal dose, also known as LD 50, of theobromine is 100 to 200mg per kilogram (Gwaltney-Brant 1). However, as little as 20mg per kilogram can cause serious poisoning. Theobromine exerts its effect by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and blocking adenosine receptors. The net result is prolonged effect of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a second messenger in excitatory pathways. Signs and symptoms of toxicity are a result of exaggerated pharmacological effects of the chemical. Toxicity in animals is related to ability to metabolize the compound. Animals like dogs, cats and horses break it down slowly. The average half life of theobromine in dogs is above 17 hours. Body systems react to theobromine differently. However, theobromine is primarily a vasodilator, a bronchodilator, and a heart stimulant. It also causes increased urine output. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the animal affected. Generally, initial signs and symptoms of toxicity in animals are diarrhoea, hyper-excitability, nausea, vomiting, and increased urinary urgency. Signs and symptoms of life threatening toxicity are bradycardia, tachycardia, seizures, internal bleeding, and heart attacks. Dogs and rodents may suffer additional problems like testicular damage. Theobromine toxicity in cattle reduces the amount of milk. Thyroid and hepatic toxicity occurs in horses. Animals presenting with theobromine poisoning can be treated symptomatically. A veterinary doctor can either induce vomiting or administer an active agent that can block the effects of the chemical. Other treatment modalities include management of seizures and cardiac arrhythmias. Seizures are treated using anticonvulsants like barbiturates and benzodiazepines (Boothe 387). Cardiac toxicity can be treated using thiazides (Plumb 118). Fluid replacement
The Falklands War of 1982 was alleged to be the worst reported warfare after the Crimean War, as the war reporting went back to the pre mass communication era. No reports or news came from the front line due to the strict censure of news by the British Government of that time (The Falklands Conflict Technologies). While the British forces defeated the Argentineans, the Government blocked every news and report leaving the media to grope in the dark. Reports were either delayed or censored and most of them were held back, which forced the Press Association to place a preface to its bulletins with rider indicating that the news was totally censored. That was why Dr. Johnson, wrote: “It is wonderful with what coolness and indifference the greater part of mankind see war commenced. Those that hear of it at a distance, or read of it in books, but have never presented its evils to their minds; consider it as little more than a splendid game” (Barnes, 2002). The Falklands war was the brain child of Margaret Thatcher which gulped 2 million pounds of the tax payers. Ironically, it was for the British military to learn the lesson that the best way to get stories lay in the way how they restricted the movement of the journalists. The Americans were thrilled to see the developments in Falklands War, and so, they speeded up reorganizing news management by curtailing the movement of the journalists. To make news, the journalists should move, and when they could not move how then they could make the news, remarked Greg Philo (Barnes, 2002), who was a professor in media studies at Glasgow University. Even the BBC was stamped unpatriotic. However, toward the end of the war, the government was cornered by the people questioning the way they handled the country’s information policy. The Falkland war stories they put were totally false and misleading to hoodwink the Argentineans. But the BBC considered itself unbiased and adhered to professionalism stating it their credibility would be at stake and proceeded with the news though under pressure and heavy censoring (Tales from the Tabloid). Only a few papers like Independent and the Guardian having credibility and honesty to the core, broke away the screening of war episodes sternly and went forward with the news coverage, though they were hampered because of the inaccessibility to the information on the real fighting (Shaw & Carr-Hill, 1991). Throwing light into the civil rights violations of British army, the book ‘War in the Falklands’ published by Harper & Row, 1982 states that in the human rights organizations
Introduction Increased productivity is a major goal for all organizations and companies. This is especially the case in the current economic environment where a lot of competitive forces exist and each business has to look for means to avoid being forced out of the market. The management of an organization is critical in ensuring that the goals of increased productivity are met. Managers are the individuals who are charged with the important task of organizing the human resources of an organization to ensure growth and development (Pugh & Hickson, 2007). However, these managers have to work through employees so as to accomplish organizational goals. It is therefore in the best interest of the manager to ensure that the employees are successful in their tasks. Invariably, they act in differing ways in their quest to get increase employee productivity. While some are aggressive and stern, others are caring and set out to command the respect of their employees. Each approach used by the manager has different outcomes since the manner in which managers treat their employees affects the output obtained from them. This paper will set out to demonstrate that a manager who is considerate and respectful to his employees will get higher productivity than one who engages in aggressive behavior towards his staff. The paper will also suggest leadership styles and other approaches that managers can use to increase employee productivity and therefore aid in the increased profitability of the organization. Effects of Aggression on Employees Positive effects Aggressive behavior by the manager can at times yield in improved employee performance. This is because such behavior will prompt the employees to act in a desirable manner. For example, a manager can make use of negative consequences so as to modify the behavior of his employees to what he/she sees as desirable. This desirable behavior will ideally result in higher productivity for the organization. Fournies (1999) reveals that punishments work since employees will be keen to decrease the frequency of the behavior that brings about the negative consequence. People who receive negative consequences become more apprehensive and are therefore more likely to avoid making future mistakes. The manager will also benefit from using punishments since other employees are less likely to engage in the behavior that brought about punishment to their co-worker. Fournies (1999) asserts that it is sometimes necessary for the manager to be strict and uncompromising with his staff. Such a stance might be necessary when the manager is fulfilling Fayol’s commanding role which is the process of “maintaining activity among the personnel in order to obtain the optimum returns from the employees (Pugh & Hickson, 2007, p.145). In this role, the best results a
Introduction The comprehensive care of patients involves the use of all methods that may aid in their successful management. The contact between health professionals and the patient constitutes the main intervention in the management of patients. However, this strategy is not enough to take care of patients based on the need for continuous support and follow-up that patients require. Some methods that have been successfully utilised in the management of patients in the primary care centres encompass the use of social work where trained individuals take care of the patients’ needs and continue with management. The telephone is a useful tool in the management of patients. It allows the primary caregivers to provide some form of education and counselling to patients at the convenience of their homes or offices. The use of the telephone for communication between healthcare providers and patients has led to the emergence of telephone education. Telephone education is a form of tutoring in which the health practitioners give health information to patients. The clients use such information in the management or prevention of their illness. The exercise of telephone education is mainly in the follow-up of patients where the caregivers advise patients on how to use their medication, recognise the danger signs of the conditions they are suffering from, and what to do when they experience something abnormal. In addition, nursing telephone education is useful in the prevention, management, and follow-up of patients in the healthcare system. Many investigations have studied the utility of telephone education in the prevention and care of a variety of conditions. Telephone education is not a widely applied concept. Hence, few institutions employ it because of the large numbers of patients and inadequate resources that limit its usage in those institutions. Therefore, most of the institutions that use telephone education are private. The research paper seeks to examine the benefits of applying telephone education in the management and follow-up of patients by using telephone education or a telephone intervention for the health needs of clients and/or their families. Researchers Zhang, Wong, You, and Zheng (2012) did the first research whose findings are summarised. It was entitled A qualitative Study exploring the Nurse Telephone follow-up of Patients returning Home with a Colostomy . In this research, the authors sought to establish the constituents of mobile involvement by an enterostomal caregiver to the colostomy-ailing people who had been released from the hospital (Zhang, et al., 2012). The researchers recognise the presence of a stoma in patients as a distressing thing. Most of the patients who have permanent stoma usually require a long period of counselling. Zhang, et al. (2012) conducted research in China in one of the University Cancer Centres. There was no research that had been conducted in the area, and hence the need for this research. The researchers noted that although there were many researches on t