ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Walt Whitman was an American poet born on May 31 1819 to Walter Whitman and Louisa Van Velsor in Long Island. He had a rough childhood due to economic hardships and finished his formal education at eleven years. He found a job after school to supplement his family’s income as an office boy. Later he got a job as an apprentice for a printing firm and began his interest in writing. However, he began to teach after a fire destroyed the printing district in New York in 1836 at seventeen years. He also started his own newspaper. His work raised a lot of controversy when he wrote it but he often considered as the “father of free verse” (Reynolds 314). The aim of writing was to reach the common person whom he felt had been ignored by the literature of his time. Whitman was interested in politics and used his works to address political and democracy issues in the society. His major work was his collection of poems called titled Leaves of Grass in 1855. The collection attracted negative criticism from many critics as they called the work obscene due to its sexual themes, which they found offensive. Consequently, he was sacked from his job at Brooklyn Eagle (Jason 87-91). However, one man by the name of Ralph Waldo Emerson gave Whitman’s poetry collection an approval and praised the work to his friends. The approval raised an interest in the book. Emerson gave the book his approval when he wrote Whitman a letter praising the book. Thus, Emerson contributed greatly to Whitman’s career as the letter which written by Emerson was printed in the subsequent edition and helped to mitigate the negative criticism his first edition had attracted and made a positive statement about Whitman’s collection of poems. The environment also influenced Whitman’s work. His milieu was one of mortality as he had encountered death when his infant sister when he was six years old. He also lost member of his family and other relatives. In addition while working as a printer he encountered stories about people that impacted his poetry for instance the poem Song of Myself, in which he shows violent ends. Whitman encountered wounded and dying soldiers as he served as volunteer nurse and thus had a direct contact with the blood bath as shown in the poem A March in the Ranks Hard-Prest in which he expressed his disdain for the war (Scheick 173). Whitman faced challenges throughout his life such as loss of employment and at times he just got by life through the help of his friends who would send him money from England and America. However, that did not deter him as he sought to help those in need. He was very interested in the lives of the people and the civil war changed him as he started taking care often people wounded in the war. He volunteered as a nurse as army hospitals and used his money and donations from friends to buy supplies for the wounded (Callow 293). He also took care of his mother and brother and thus did not neglect his family. Finally, Whitman passed on in March 26, 1892 from pneumonia. He left a lasting legacy because his works reflected the American society. He highlighted the plight of the oppress
Issue Suzan is a local traffic warden. She is located in the area that covers the location of Duncan’s shop. There is illegal car parking behind Duncan’s shop and this practice affects the activities and operations of the shop in terms deliveries to the shop by suppliers. Duncan is offended by the parking that interferes with the operations of his shop as relates to the suppliers mobility in to the shop. As a control measure to mitigate this activity, Duncan approached Suzan to seek the help of the warden in relation to the parking. He made a proposal of a weekly £ 20 pay to Suzan for ensuring that the illegal car parkers were given tickets. In response, Suzan accepted the offer and fulfilled her obligation to the agreement. Duncan however refused to pay Suzan on the argument that whatever efforts she had made was part of her work as a warden. Rule of Law By Duncan asking Suzan to work for or to assist him for a fee, he is legally binding himself to the terms of the agreement as long as Suzan does her part of the bargain. By proposing the arrangement to Suzan, Duncan is indicating his willingness to be responsible to the conditions set by Suzan as long as she accepts the proposal presented to her (Wishart, 2007, 69). A contract is considered to be illegal if the subject matter of the contract violates public policies or are on their own illegal (Helewitz, 2010, p. 120). The subject of the contract in the case of the Duncan and Suzan is not illegal as the issuance of the tickets is a legal activity by local authorities. The aspects of proposal made by Duncan, acceptance to the offer by Suzan and the legality of the duty that Suzan was to perform qualifies the arrangement to be a legally binding contract (Helewitz, 2010, p. 120). Failure by a party to perform his or her part of the agreement amounts to breach of the arrangement that existed between the said parties. Fundamental terms of a contract therefore established the legality of an agreement which then binds both parties to a contract (Winfield and Porter, 2004, p. 487). Application Once a valid contract is established, the employer has the obligation to remit payments to the employee provided that the employee meets his or her obligations as prescribed by the contract (Marson, 2009). The employer is not under any circumstance allowed to reduce the amount entitled to the employee. In the case of “IPC vs. Balfour” it was established that employers are not entitled to make deductions in part or in whole, of the employee’s remunerations unless authorized by the employee. It was decided that unless the contract stated or provided for any such reductions, they remain invalid and illegal (Lewis and Sargeant, 2004, p. 46). In the case, reduction in wages was accorded the same recognition as deductions. In this case, the international packaging cor
Introduction Medical tourism, as an individual industry distinguished by special economic implications, is the direction that is becoming increasingly popular and promising. Many countries provide foreign citizens with services in various fields, including cardiac examinations, dental treatment, prosthetics, and other procedures. Medical tourism develops dynamically and has an increasing influence on national healthcare systems and the activities of insurance companies. Unable to solve specific problems in their own countries, patients choose a state, a physician, and a clinic where they can be offered the most relevant examination and treatment. Such an approach allows building national and regional socially-oriented healthcare systems, thereby improving the quality of medical personnel training and patient care and introducing modern technologies more efficiently. According to Behrmann and Smith (2010), this direction of tourism is similar to many industrial sectors in the context of globalization since an ever-growing number of interested parties cause the “interconnectedness of transnational economies” (p. 81). However, not only positive implications exist but also significant barriers that manifest themselves in domestic and world healthcare systems. In particular, the problems affect citizens’ access to the services of the specialists of a certain profile within their countries since medical centers that are ready to earn on foreign patients are heavily loaded. Other issues also raise concerns and threats to national healthcare systems, such as the leakage of professional staff to other countries, the cost of treatment, and other nuances. In order to consider all the potential gaps that arise as a result of growing interest in medical tourism, existing studies in this area should be considered. A detailed literature review aimed at describing the challenges and barriers associated with the industry in question will help identify trends in this area and link the main factors that affect the quality and popularity of foreign treatment. As a base for the review, valuable academic sources will be involved as resources related to the topic under consideration and raising questions about the impact of medical tourism on the national healthcare system of the United States and other states. The use of relevant studies will provide an opportunity to consider such topics as problems for importing and exporting systems, general barriers arising from the regulation of this sector, examples from world practice, and potential positive implications. As de la Hoz-Correa and Muñoz-Leiva (2019) note, in their optimal expression, private and public organizations contribute to the development of national healthcare systems. This literature review is aimed at identifying pro
The color of water by James McBride is an epitome of struggles, trials, and tribulations that minorities undergo in New York. This memoir talks of James’ real life story together with her Jewish mother in New York. Through his mastery in writing, James McBride brings out his story in a well-crafted manner whereby, the portrayals of theme, setting, struggles, and triumphs fall in place accurately, and they precisely depict the people involved in this story; that is, James McBride and his mother; Ruth McBride. The accuracy in this book brings out clearly the story of James McBride as he tries to understand the realities of life. It may be a story; however, one can easily identify it with McBride’s situation; firstly, born of a white mother who seems to have everything wrong from religion to race, and then two black stepfathers; a situation that leaves McBride torn between his true self and where he belongs in the society. It is probably out of this confusion that he says, “Mommy’s tears seemed to come from somewhere else, a place far away, a place inside her that she never let any of us children visit, and even as a boy I felt there was pain behind them. I thought this because she wanted to be black like everyone else in church, because maybe God liked black people better, and one afternoon on the way home from church I asked whether God was black or white.” (McBride 20). Firstly, the setting perfectly adds meaning to this memoir and sheds light on James and his mother. The setting is in New York where there is a mixture of both white and black people. Born Ruth Jordan in Poland, Ruth McBride together with her family moved to Suffolk in Virginia. Here, there is a mixture of both white and black people as aforementioned and this setting accurately depicts Ruth’s situation as narrated in the story. As the story unfolds, the setting shifts to Harlem where James was born and brought up. Through experience, the writer knows that New York is full of black and white people; therefore, this setting is a true depiction of what happens in New York. The portrayal of the themes in this story is very accurate. For instance, the principle theme here is segregation because of racial or religious differences. Ruth’s father is a racist and he even overcharges black customers simply because they are not
Chapter 18 has a clear approach on how to summarize a text using an essay. One is supposed to write a thesis statement at the end of an introductory paragraph. Before jotting down the summary, keen consideration should be emphasized on the title, subtitle, first and last paragraphs, and other items in the article. They give main clues of the subject matter and several important messages addressed in the text. Using the information gathered, write down the main points and proofread the rough draft as you make final touches on the final draft. Chapter 19 highlights on how to write a report. In the first part, the author and title of the work should be noted without forgetting dates of magazines or publications. The content must be condensed with a prominence of the focal points in the text. The second part of the report should relate to personal reaction to emerging issues. On the other hand, the report ought to ideally conform to the contextual harmony of sentences, coherent, concise and free from any grammatical errors. The basic plan of the paragraphs should respond to details in the text and not be too detailed. The next chapter deals with how to write a resume. This is an account of someone’s background and details of academic qualifications. There are different resumes, e.g., functional and chronological resumes. Resume writing should be brief and impressive to the potential employer. Margins of the resume paper should be balanced. The recent academic qualification or work experience should top the list and at the bottom have a reference list. Before handing over, proper proofreading is essential. In addition, a cover letter should accompany the resume for a brief introduction of who you are to the potential employer. The detail
Science and religion are two aspects that have always been in antagonism. Many people have been asking about the existence of a conflict between scientific methods and religiosity of the soul. In a general sense, when people talk of science, what comes to the mind is the modern advancement in technology which has made life more comfortable. Nonetheless, it has to be noted that science in its true sense does not just refer to the technological advancement, and that it can be looked at as a vision of life itself. The conflict that exists between science and religion is not in the technological advancements, but rather, the challenges arise from the theoretical framework of the scientific discipline (Sweet, p 5). This paper explores the points of conflict between science and religion and the challenges that are posed to religion by science. The conflict between science and religion started way back in the 19 th century. This is a time when the geocentric view was replaced by the heliocentric view as propounded by Copernicus. The argument presented by Copernicus caused a great conflict with the church as it contradicted the biblical beliefs and traditions. In the conventional sense, before Copernicus came up with his assertions, it was believed that the earth was main foundation and that other heavenly bodies such as the sun, moon and stars moved around it. This was a great challenge that religion had to deal with at the time (Sweet, p 14). The other thing that was the point of conflict between science and religion was in respect to the origin of the earth. Religious belief held that the earth was created by the Almighty God about 4000 years ago. However, scientists came up with the theory asserting that the formation of the world can be traced way back to millions and millions of years ago. In this case, the formation of the earth is said to have occurred several millions ago. This assertion was a great challenge to the religious community of the medieval time (Sweet, p 38). Also, the theory of creation in religious view held that human beings, and other animals and plants, were the creation of God. On the other hand, the arguments advanced by Charles Darwin and other scientists contradicted this by arguing that all humans and plants evolved from simple life. This has caused many challenges to religion in defending the creation theory (Sweet, p 42). The discovery of the law of gravity by Isaac Newton was another scientific challenge to religion. Isaac Newton argued that everything happening in the physical world could be subjected to mathematical deduction through the logical process in which the conc
Introduction Apple Corporation is one of the largest manufacturers of modern technology. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, share and interpret data, and for many of us spend a majority of our personal time. Over the years, this company has become a trailblazer for electronics, starting with the foundation for which this company is built upon, the basic computer. Through this soon to be antiquated piece of equipment, two ambitious young men were able to take transform it into a powerhouse that would inspire others to improve the way we live, work, and play. Through this research, this writer, hopes to gain insight into the success of this business and learn from its current pitfalls. Business Summary Apple was officially incorporated in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, two friends who were less than successful as young adults, but their high ambition would prove soon to earn them their fame and billion dollar conglom
Introduction Hashimoto’s disease, which is sometimes referred to as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Chronic thyroiditis, is known as the main cause of hypothyroidism (Rapoport 1991). It normally involves the destruction of the thyroid gland rendering them incapable of producing adequate thyroid hormone, the condition which is referred to as hypothyroidism. These hormones, however, are very critical in metabolism. Thus, with Hashimoto’s disease, one’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland resulting in an irritated and swollen gland. This prevents the normal production of thyroid hormones. This autoimmune disease was initially described by Hakaru Hashimoto in 1912 after examination of various cases (Rapoport 1991; Odeke & Lee 2009). This paper is a discussion of the pathophysiology of Hashimoto’s disease, why the signs and symptoms of these diseases occur as they are seen, the clinical tests applied in diagnosis, and the treatment options available. Pathophysiology Hashimoto’s disease involves the destruction of cells in the thyroid gland by “various cell- and antibody-mediated immune processes” (Odeke & Lee 2009). It is not yet understood how this process begins (Dayan and Daniels 1996; Duntas 2008; Tomer & Huber 2009; Hadj-Kacem, Rebuffat & Mnif-Feki 2009). However, Pearce, Farwell, and Braverman (2003) indicate that the “antithyroid immune response” in Hashimoto’s disease starts when T-cells, which are thyroid antigen-specific helpers, become activated. In another theory, it is shown that this activation is caused by a virus infection whose protein is identical to that of the thyroid, although there is a lack of clear evidence on this viral cause (Dayan and Daniels (1996; Kuhr, Hala, Dietrich, Herold & Wick 1994). Elsewhere, it is indicated that epithelial cells of the thyroid introduce their “own intracellular proteins to T-cells” (Pearce, Farwell, and Braverman 2003). Imaizumi, Pritsker, Unger, and Davies (2002) assert that the build-up of fetal cells within the “maternal thyroid gland” may induce autoimmune thyroiditis in women during their pregnancy. When one has Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the thyroid gland is usually goitrous, although it may remain at normal size or rather atrophic. The antibodies that bind and block the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor are a potential cause of the impairment of the functionality of the thyroid gland (Odeke & Lee 2009). This results in inadequate production of the thyroid hormone and its secretion; nonetheless, preformed triiodothyronine and thyroxine go into circulation when cells are damaged (Pearce, Farwell & Braverman 2003). Hashimoto’s disease patients “ have antibodies to various thyroid antigens”, with antithyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase being frequently diagnosed, whereas “TSH receptor-blocking antibodies” are detected to a lesser extent (Odeke & Lee 2009). The thyroid-stimulating antibody and cytotoxic antibody may also be found in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (Dayan & Daniels
Evertone Limited is a reputable company that specializes in the provision of hearing aid equipment. It operates in the industry that is dominated by other companies, among them Widex, Starky, Bernafon, Oticon, Phonak, Siemens and Sonic Innovation. Since competition is a reality that is anticipated in any industry, Everton has the responsibility of proving its worth and distinguishing itself from the rest of the competitors (Griffin, 2012). The company has the capacity to achieve strategic competitive advantage in the marketplace hence it is the most appropriate one to be awarded the government tender to provide hearing aid equipment. Everton is committed towards providing the best hearing aid equipment that cannot be provided by any other company. Some of the equipment it provides include BTE, ITE and CIC. The company has close ties with other overseas companies which supply technically advanced hearing aid equipment manufactured by renowned experts. During the period it has been in the business, it has always provided hearing aid equipment that is easy to use. Provision of high quality products earns companies good reputation (Miner, 2009).The quality of the equipment supplied by the company is also high since no technical problems are usually reported once the products are delivered to the users. According to its past performance, the company provides products that can always be relied on Everton is a financially stable company with a strong capital base. This can be attributed to many years it has been in business and the reasonable profit it makes. This makes it the most appropriate company for the tender. Some companies lack enough capital to run their affairs, something that makes them unable to honor the conditions of a contract (Reh, 2012). However, this is not the case with Everton since it follows the conditions of contracts strictly and shares risks with the government departments due to its strong financial background. Giving Everton the tender to supply hearing aid equipment has positive financial implications. In awarding a tender to the company, it is important to compare the value of the product in relation to its useful life during the period of the contract. Since the company imports its equipment from other reputable companies, it is expected to function for a long period of time. The department is therefore able to make its contract price adjustments without any problems. Government tenders are expected to initiate positive economic development and serve the community in different ways (