ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Theory The study of the theory of loss aversion takes place not only in economics but also in psychology. According to Novemsky and Kahneman, researchers “identified loss aversion in many contexts, including areas that are important to marketing managers and consumers” (119). In everyday life, people occasionally have to face the risk of losing financial resources, which gives them a greater emotional impact than potential profit. Such a concept can be applied to the research of the labor market. Unemployment benefits paid to people without jobs in many developed countries can significantly exceed their possible wages. As a consequence, the fear of losing existing status and money stops the natural development of the desire to grow professionally. As Kahneman et al. note, “foregone gains are less painful than perceived losses” (203). Therefore, the number of unemployed in developed countries is large, which is caused by the unwillingness to take risks and receive a job in a potentially less beneficial position in comparison with the situation that a jobless status gives. Hypothesis Passive attitude to career growth and job opportunities is due to lose aversion and the desire to keep the status of unemployed for permanent benefits. Study In order to prove this hypothesis, it is possible to turn to academic sources where the concept of loss aversion is described. Novemsky and Kahneman view this theory from different points of view, applying it to various market participants – buyers, sellers, manufacturers, and others (120). Accordingly, this model can be applied to those who receive funding from the state, not having a permanent job. As a research method, a mixed analysis can be conducted. Unemployed residents of any developed country can be interviewed for their opinion on the opportunities and prospects for employment. Based on their answers and assumptions, a statistical report can be compiled where the answers will be divided into groups. Participants will be asked to reflect the degree of their satisfaction with the current status of the unemployed, for example, on a scale from one to five. Also, attendant questions may be asked related to the theory of loss aversion and the relationship of research members to this issue. Ultimately, the information will be presented in the form of a statistical report. It is supposed that the majority of respondents will confirm fears about the risk of earning less than at the time of the study and will note the stability that a permanent unemployment benefit gives them. According to Gneezy and Potters, established habits of people form their consciousness in relation to many things, including the views of concerning personal growth (632).
Articles Review The problem I chose for the analysis is time management. Time management refers to the process of planning how to divide the time you have between the activities you need to perform as well as to the idea of controlling how the schedule is followed (Panek, 2014). Good time management skills increase your effectiveness and productivity while saving time wasted on procrastination. On the contrary, the inability to manage time may hurt study and job outcomes (Glover, Ronning, & Reynolds, 2013). This problem is especially relevant to me as I am a single mother, who has to work full time while continuing to study. To find out more about the problem, I decided to look for various sources that could help me have a deeper insight into the issue. I have selected four sources with related articles and one book that seemed the most informative to me:  1. How to manage time with 10 tips that work: The article appears credible and useful as it is published in a reliable online edition related to business activities. Since business people need clear-cut instructions on how to manage this or that problem, the article is practice-oriented. I have learned specific, detailed techniques that made it clear to me what steps must be taken to succeed.  2. Time management: The article is provided by a reputable educational public service, featuring more than 10 million visitors speaking 39 languages. Since the site provides study guides, the problem of time management is viewed from the perspective of studying. This will determine my future career; that is why it is the major domain where I am going to apply time management skills.  3. Time management training doesn’t work: The site attracted me because the article was one of the few that criticized time management training. The author explains that the outdated concept of time management should give place to more modern approaches such as workflow and attention management. I believe that the combination of these methods would boost the performance even quicker.  4. Why time management is ruining our lives: The article comes from The Guardian, which is a credible online magazine. The author describes potential threats of personal productivity movement and warns the reader against the increased anxiety we create trying to improve our performance.  5. Handbook of creativity: Finally, I chose one book to check whether academic sources prove the points I have read. The book connects time management with intellectual productivity and creativity. Knowing the theory is important before I can pass it on to practice. The two sites I decided not to use are:  1. Ten ways to improve your time management skills: The site seems to be more commercial than informative. The techniques described are shallow and inconsistent. Furthermore, the information is neither exhaustive nor specialized.  2. Easy time-management tips : The case is the same as the previous one. Moreover, when someone offers to do something easily and quickly, it means that the method is not evidence-based. Despite the seeming simplicity of making schedules and following them, few people can manage their time. The problem might b
Nowadays, the issues of cultural differences became more apparent, as people pay more attention to racial, ethnic, and other culture-related problems. These problems were discussed in detail in the papers by Chakrabarty (1992) and Nalbntoglu and Thai (1997), who analysed their influence on culture, society, and individuals. In this critical writing, I would like to express my views concerning the issues discussed by the researchers. It is possible to suggest that today’s political imagination is based on the idea of uniting people and eliminating discrimination. Chakrabarty (1992) mentions that the aspects of freedom and equality are significant for the image of India. As an example of these moods, he wrote about an equality movement that took place in Bengal and was focused on women’s education. Nalbantoglu and Thai (1997) claimed that history and heritage also play an important role in shaping political imagination. I can agree with both opinions, as many of today’s social movements are aimed at reviving the historical values and principles of freedom. Another important issue that was emphasised in both readings is the dominance of certain cultures and population groups. According to Chakrabarty (1992), dominance and hegemony in Indian culture are associated with Europe. He sees the terms “Europe” and “India” as opposites in a domination structure. He states that European dominance is binary by nature, with both poststructuralist waves of nationalism and the idea of the alliance; Nalbantoglu and Thai (1997) confirm the hegemonic cultural tendencies. They claim that the dominance of one nation over another and of a powerful group of society over weak shaped the modern image of India, which is demonstrated in its social structure, culture, and other spheres. However, they also talk about the ambiguous outcomes of dominance. Even though cultures may become divided by discrimination, ethnic cleansing, and other factors, “the dominant carries the greatest weight and holds most pieces securely in place” (p. 52). In my opinion, the dominant party can, indeed, be a source of power and unity. At the same time, nowadays, the difference is mostly considered a negative notion. For example, Nalbantoglu and Thai (1997) state that the Indian power and strategic measures were a response to the growing external threat. In conclusion, I can say that differences and domination have an ambiguous influence on culture. They may serve as a uniting force; however, they also create crucial problems connected with hegemony and cultural misunderstandings. Reference List  1. Chakrabarty, D. (1992) ‘Postcoloniality and the artifice of history: who speaks for “Indian” pasts?’, Representations , 37, pp. 1-26.  2. Nalbantoglu, G.B. and Thai, W.C. (eds) (1997) Postcolonial space(s). New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press.
Technological development is not static, however, the level of involvement significantly differs. Some claim that men are more technologically literate than women, although, in developed countries, women take advantage of technological usage equally with men. Nevertheless, the gender divide in technological access is substantially lower in the developed countries. This paper defines reasons of the gap in the male’s and female’s technological literacy in emerging countries on an example of India. Also, it compares the gender divide in technological knowledge of American and Indian population considering Internet, smartphones, and computer use. The obstacles that women face with while using technologies will be revealed along with the opportunities that women may have if accessing them freely. Finally, the paper discloses proposals for improving the gender divide in technological education in India. Social Inequality Caused by the Digital Divide Technologies change the habitual world, people, and the life around. Appearance of computers, mobile phones, and the internet gives unlimited opportunities to humans, creating inequality, at the same time. As Cheryl B. Leggon stated (2006), “the divide is more than as issue of access to technology; it is also an issue of use and empowerment” (p. 98). The digital gender disparity is only one of its components. Digital divide can be defined as a gap in education or physical possibility to access the information technology. According to Brake (2014), “implicit in the literature on the digital divide which informs this paper is the assumption that certain forms of computer use benefit those who practice them” (p. 592). Indeed, the access to technology gives the necessary skills but without technical skills it is problematic to use the technology. However, this contradiction is detected in every aspect of the digital divide, not only gender. The Comparison of ICT Access in Developed and Developing Countries The gap is especially enhanced if comparing the digital divide in developed and developing countries. In the United States, the gap in usage the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is inessential and blurred. Anyone has an access to the technology and thus the gender does not have a substantial influence. “The promise of a gender-free online existence has morphed into a space where identity is transparent and can dictate one’s usage and potential with technology” (Royal, 2014, p. 175). Although, Jessie Daniels (2012) came to the opposite view while analysing the increase of female’s blogging in America. She argues that the gender digital divide is inherent even in the United States: Social networking sites and blogs, located at the intersection of affective/reproductive labor and technology, are the venues for women to explore subjectivity formation and identity construction as they simultaneously face objectification and placement in hierarchies of race, gender, geography, and class (as cited in Gajjala & Oh, 2012, p. 4). Leggon (2006) does not agree with Daniels and claims th
The success of an organization, whether in medical care services industry or otherwise, is determined by the decisions and strategies that leaders or managers in the company make. Leaders are the strategists and the decision makers of an organization; they have the role of managing, controlling and enacting policies that lead an organization to its attainment of corporate goals and objectives. This paper discusses the role of leader and their characteristics. Who is a leader? A leader is defined as the people mandated with the task of overseeing the attainment of corporate goals and objectives, by their own nature, they are supposed to lead their organization in pathways that can be adapted and lead success in competitive environments. Some scholars have defined leaders as the think tanks of their companies, the difference between an effective leader and ineffective leader is the acceptability and quality of their decisions, effective leaders make timely and situation responsive decisions, they involve their subordinates in decision making. Leaders have some powers vested in them by their positions within the organization and the role they play; they use the power to combine the resources available in the best most way that can benefit the entire organization. Leadership is an art of managing and developing strategies to be followed in an organization: the success of an organization depends on the quality of leaders; managerial decisions are the driving force of an organization. Leaders have the role of shaping and guiding a health care facility to its path to success. Characteristics of a leader There are a number of characteristics that a leader need to have, however they emerge in different situation, there are some characters that are more needed in sometimes than others, the following are the main characteristics of leaders: Decisiveness Leaders must have the power to make appropriate choices and choose the best alternative in a situation; they have the role of coming up with the right, timely and problem responsive decision to a situation that is facing an organization. To make decisions, effective leaders consult their surbodinate and use a scientific management approach to decision making. Strategist Health care facilities must have strategies that guide it to the corporate goals and objectives, leaders have the mandate of coming up with the most appropriate strategy to be followed within their organization. The strategy
Executive Summary Marketing communication is a big contributor to the success of multinational companies, and this is why marketing executives create marketing communication strategies which aim at assisting an organization realize its corporate goals ( Yeshin, 1998, p.13-15). Nike is one of the most successful multinational companies in the world, its path towards market dominance hasn’t been an easy one and keeping this in mind, marketing managers in Nike have decided to step up marketing communication efforts with an aim informing, persuading, improving on the image of the company in order to increase the sales and revenue of the company. The marketing managers intend to run a 12 month marketing communication campaign in order to respond to the needs of various publics who fall under the jurisdiction of their business. Introduction Integrated marketing communication creates an avenue by which customer relationships can be easily managed by managers with the aim of increasing brand value (Smith, Berry & Pulford 2002, p. 134; Sissors, Baron, & Sissors, 2010, p.144-145). The marketing mix is made of four elements which are very important to the success of products and commercial enterprises who serve a specific target audience. Marketing communication which is also known as promotion is one of the four facets of marketing which also include pricing, product and distribution (Lancaster & Withey, 2006, p.1-10) The main aim of an integrated marketing communication approach makes sure that organizational communications are always consistent and get across the company’s message in a way that is favorable to the organization in tandem with its values, image and goals. Marketers always aim to shed good light on their organization with an aim of maximizing sales/revenues while at the same time maintaining a good image of the company. Marketing communication is an integral part of marketing products and services and many top international companies are dedicating a huge chunk of their revenues to carry out marketing communication strategies ( Kotler, 2003, p.45-47). The process of communicating messages efficiently with current consumers and the entire target market is among the key competencies’ of a successful company, a successful marketing communication mix will most likely contribute in boosting sales and revenues together with organizational image and reputation (Lancaster & Withey, 2006, p.78). A company’s communication mix may have a lot of elements but the most important fact is that this all this elements ensure that the right messages are delivered to consumers. It is hence important that all elements of the marketing mix work together a
Introduction Telehealth is a disruptive technology that affects the process of care provision and broadens the horizons of healthcare in general. The current evidence shows that telemedicine contributes to the development of value-based care and improved patient outcomes (Randazzo, 2018). Care providers should investigate the phenomenon of telehealth to gain access to cutting-edge technology that could make patients content and create premises for other improvements. Telehealth should be viewed as the future of care provision due to numerous advantages that block off the lack of reliability, such as convenience, innovation, ease of access, and adherence to different health regimens. Precis In the article completed by Ellimoottil et al. (2018), health systems implementing telehealth were studied in detail to assess the degrees of technology development and expansion. The authors claimed that there are specific challenges that reduce the willingness to implement telehealth among care providers. The focus of Ellimoottil et al.’s (2018) article is on the discussion of how senior leaders could contribute to the implementation of telehealth. It was hypothesized that the strategic goals of the facility should respond to the opportunities offered by telehealth. The growing demand for technology creates premises for care providers to seek additional investment opportunities. Ellimoottil et al. (2018) identified that telehealth could be associated with career development opportunities in the case where care providers would adopt an updated workflow and support telehealth champions. Information identified in Ellimoottil et al.’s (2018) article is relevant because it acknowledges the need for technology in care provision and outlines the positive future of care models that are based on telehealth. Accordingly, technology should be utilized to motivate improvement and educate patients on the benefits of telehealth and other interconnected tools. Mind Map Discussion Based on the mind map (see Appendix A), it may be concluded that there is a decent number of benefits and opportunities linked to telehealth that are mitigated by various concerns. The biggest obstacle to the implementation and improvement of telehealth initiatives is the inability to engage enough individuals. Even if care providers might be aware of potential opportunities linked to health technologies, a high percentage of providers do not possess enough knowledge to complete the expansion (Pendse & Nugent, 2017). It is essential to align telehealth against the strategic vision of the facility and make sure to allocate resources adequately. Therefore, financial support should be seen as one of the essential contributors to the success of telehealth-related initiatives. Another critical idea that can be synthesized from the mind map is that telehealth initiatives cause too many concerns and, therefore, should be appropriately prioritized. Pilot projects in telehealth should be supported by the government and external investors so that more clinical departments and care receivers would become
Authoritarian parents Pros Children obey parents; do their best at studying and extracurricular activities. They keep the room tidy and do not cause any trouble. After graduating, they achieve success at work and become professionals. Cons There is no understanding between parents and children. Kids do what they are made to do because they want to escape the punishment. There are no trust-based relationships between the members of the family. Being always under pressure, children may become frustrated, have low self-regard, and poor communication skills (Krause & Dailey, 2009). They become bullies and act aggressively in the future. Permissive parents Pros Children are free to show their individuality and can find a common language with others. They also feel confident, as parents always encourage them. Cons Even though they often interact with parents, children tend to feel lonely. They do not study hard, as it is not demanded at all. They are rarely independent and neglect authority. Usually, children are selfish. They are afraid of responsibility (Jabeen, Anis-ul-Haque, & Riaz, 2013). Authoritative parents Pros As parents support children, they become independent and strong-willed. Due to the interaction with family, kids can easily interact with others. They feel confident and have a positive view of life. In the future, they achieve success in studying and work, as parents explained their importance. Cons It may be hard for adults to keep to this type of parenting all the time as they need to modify the rules and explain everything calmly, but
Research Background Despite the fact that Saudi Arabia has a favorable climate for business ventures, the share of the small and medium businesses (SME) in the Saudi economy has not been particularly large (Zamberi Ahmad 218). SMEs play a pivotal role in any state’s economy as they provide a variety of workplaces for local communities and add value by pioneering innovative spheres of activity (Wonglimpiyarat 295). Due to their flexibility and adaptability to change, SMEs act as a supporting chain in the network of domestic and international trade, which reinforces the resilience of the economy. Thus, their development is the key to national prosperity. There is a variety of factors influencing SME growth and quantity many of which stem from the business environment created under the influence of state and other business. As such, Doh and Kim note that the level of governmental support for SMEs has a major influence on the sustainability of small and medium business ventures (1557). On the other hand, Wonglimpiyarat argues that the experience of developing countries such as China demonstrates the insufficiency of governmental support as a measure to sustain the growth and development of SMEs (295). In addition to that, the state’s interference in the economy and trade could also be an important factor (Jenna and Baharudin 69-70). A recent study on 177 Saudi Arabia SMEs demonstrated that among the challenges facing small businesses is the presence of bureaucracy, lack of credit opportunities, and business environment constraints (Zamberi 217). Des