ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Barton Legal Services appeared to meet the changes and innovations in the world of legal practice and decided to develop a be-spoke, integrated software product. The solution was based on the principles that juridical practice and the management of the company is no longer ruled by print and paper in today’s legal framework. The main advantages include tools to give the employees messages of the existence of new law and changes in old, also legal risks will be managed in advance of questions appearing and so dispute forestall rather than dispute resolution will become an important principle and others. The only problem that needs solution according to the solicitors of Barton Legal Services is that the employees of the company are rather conservative selecting their working methods and that the solicitors themselves are suspicious to any new method that, to their opinion, restrains working flexibility in working practice. Anyhow the solicitors can be divided into those who are interested in IT and those who adhere to traditions (Culp, 2001). The further discussion will be devoted to the question of how and what informational technologies can be used in law and particularly in information system of Barton Legal Services. According to the research carried out there are six basic applications of technology that could be used for lowers and legal information services: electronic communication, text creation and production, litigation support, internal know-how, external information retrieval and case management. These are not strict definitions but identified categories of application which can represent the basis of workable IT project for Barton Legal Services (Culp, 2001). The six categories interact with one another, moreover some of the applications actually relies one or another. Electronic Communication and Legal Support Solicitors constantly deal with kinds of information – law regulations, case studies, legal textbooks, information relating to client matters, including accounting and management information, marketing information, and personal and internal know-how (Culp, 2001). These statements result hat the job of a lawyer involves activities of sharing of the information and its transfer to others; to colleagues, barristers, other firms, the courts of justice, and other agencies; and also its sale to clients. Five basic functions of electronic communication for legal framework can be defined. The first point is sending and receiving messages. The generic term means electronic mail or “e-mail” that allows users to send and receive messages. This facility is commonly used by solicitors across local area networks within their practices but communicating this way with other computer users and clients beyond their firms may become a necessary tool. This means the change from interpersonal computi
Dandelion health care has a license from the Maryland Office of Healthcare Quality. It provides excellent services to older adults with different health problems, including physical disabilities, as well as diabetes and dementia (“Senior service maps,” n.d.). Summit View Assisted Living is a home care service located in the Garwyn Oaks neighborhood of Baltimore. It provides on-site health care services, which include hospice and long-term care, as well as rehabilitation programs. Priority Care Assisted Living is another senior care facility located in Baltimore. It has a highly-trained staff who are certified in the provision of all necessary services, including first aid. R & R Cares also delivers assisted living services to older adults. At R & R Cares, every client has their own private room, and they can spend time together in the shared area. The facility distributes medication and provides assistance with dressing, bathing, toileting, and eating. Catonsville Senior Center is a venue for senior citizens where they can meet and engage in various recreational and activities. The facility also has a fitness center where clients can exercise. Alert Healthcare Solutions provides home care services and has a team of trained professionals who rely on evidence-based practices. Kind Heart is an assisted living location that neighbors Baltimore’s Sinai Hospital. The facility provides all kinds of assistance, including diabetes care, administration of medication, and housekeeping. As demonstrated by the number of quality aging services, Baltimore has an impressive network of facilities that can accommodate the needs of older adults. The area has a good selection of assisted living facilities for senior citizens who want to get more communication with their peers. There is also a home care service that is ideal for clients that want to receive assistance in their own homes. Thus, it can be said that Baltimore is a place that provides many opportunities for older adults to get assistance. Reference Senior service maps, Baltimore . (n.d.). Senior Service Maps. Web.
Introduction Many organizations in different sectors are using community of practice and innovation to improve on their productivity. Community of practice and innovation are interrelated in some ways. This study seeks to identify their similarities, differences and the effects each have on the organization. The last part explains the challenges that firms that participate in social networks face. Communities of Practice From the community’s point of view, communities of practice are groups of people who come together to meet a common goal. In the business perspective, it is a group of self-motivated people who follow laid out procedures and are challenged to train the persons working with them in order to improve their productivity (Wenger 2000, p.45). These communities of practice are responsible for the smooth running of the organization. Therefore, they are accountable using their knowledge and skills, are included in the planning of the budget of the organization, and provide the time schedule for the activities carried out in the organization. They have artifacts which are documents, websites and stories and the appointed member maintain them since they are useful in the organization (Kortum & Lerner 2000, p.680). According to Fageberg, Mowery and Nelson (2005, p.362), the communities of practice combine three elements in defining competence. They are brought together by understanding the values of their community and every member is accountable to sustain the relationship between them. For a person to be competent in the community of practice, he/she has to be a trusted member and to engage in the activities of the community (Kortum & Lerner 2000, p.688). The success of every group depends on the competence and the ability of the leader to engage the whole group in the process of meeting their goal. During the establishment of the community of practice, members should put in mind what will be bringing them together like the events, who will be leading the group, the projects, connectivity and membership. Unlike closed innovation, any person within or outside the organization can be involved in performing duties that will lead to the success of the organization (Robertson, Paul & Langlois 1995, p.560). Innovation Innovation involves bringing valuable ideas into the firm. There are different types of innovation, the closed and open innovation. Open innovation is when those ideas come from inside or outside the firm and are meant to benefit the organization as a whole. Most of the people who create these ideas are from outside the firm and sometimes they are hired to educate employees in the organization on how to implement the ideas. Innovation in this case is the methods that organizations choose to use in response to the challenges in the business environment. They involve changing of the traditional practices of the organization to new p
There is a grand variety of educational systems styles and variations across the globe, so it is only natural that some of them would be more remarkable than others. However, it is no less important by which criteria the educational system of a certain country is accessed than the mere fact that it is outstanding in some way. As Karr has rightfully noted, Japanese schooling is characterized by an intense curriculum, although, absurdly, it is unable to supply the student with the skills necessary to enter a university. Thus, as a result of the so-called washback effect, the notion of cramming etched into the societal norm, juku schools, which duty consists of preparing Japanese students for exams, contributes majorly to their high rates of stress and sleep deprivation. The notion of “cram schools” alone seems quite self-contradictory. As Karr has put it, “if the school system is as advanced and efficient, as its proponents claim,” these cram schools would be, essentially, useless. However, on the level of the collective consciousness of Japanese society, they are considered “as part of a social fabric” (Allen, 2016, p. 54). Juku, being a scarcely studied subject in both Japan and abroad, still is a well-known phenomenon to an average Japanese person. Allen (2016) argues that from an educational perspective, juku “tends to encourage learning of short-term strategies, such as memorization of content, rather than developing a greater understanding of underlying principles,” contradicting the very purpose of education (p. 54). In that sense, Karr’s idea about the paramilitary nature of cram schools in Japan makes sense: especially when its contradictory nature adds up to other factors discussed below. The concept of a washback is an important mediator when studying standardized testing, and subsequently, the notion of juku . It refers to the effects that testing is having on the nature of the curriculum itself – its direct influence and alteration, and not for the good of ingestion of valuable information or the proper understanding of it. In spite of the possibility of the washback being positive, Allen (2016) writes that “even when tests are designed with positive washback in mind, the actual effect may not be as predicted” (p. 60). Therefore, the notion of a washback only adds up to the fact that juku
A woman with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) experiences high blood pressure and protein deposits are found in her urine. In most cases, this condition occurs after twenty weeks of pregnancy and is common among first time mothers, teenagers and old mothers above forty years and who have had multiple pregnancies. Symptoms  1. Rushes or spots on the face.  2. Protein in the urine.  3. Sudden weight gain  4. Sharp pain in the stomach especially on upper right side and around the ribs Treatment The condition can be detected through urine tests that check protein levels in the urine and using a Doppler scan that monitors flow of blood in the placenta. If the PIH is mild, the doctor recommends less salt consumption and resting by lying on left side so as to suppress the weight of the baby acting on the blood vessels. For severe cases, the doctor may use medications such as a magnesium sulfate injection to lower the blood pressure. Other medications include methyldopa, labetalol, and calcium channel blockers. Among these medications, research has shown methyldopa is the best of all because it has very few side effects to both the mother and fetus (Seneviratne, 1998, p. 167). Pre-Eclampsia Pre-eclampsia is a form of pregnancy induced hypertension that is associated with presence of proteins in the urine commonly known as proteinuria. It occurs at about twenty weeks of pregnancy but it is mostly common beyond twenty four weeks. It affects women who are having their first pregnancy as well as those who get pregnant in the course of pre-existing hypertension conditions. Diagnosis The condition is characterized by a rise in blood pressure that can go above 140/90mmHg. It is usually diagnosed during a routine antenatal checkup and in some cases the condition may warrant admission of the patient for close monitoring. Medical researchers have not fully discovered the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. However, it is believed to be a placental disorder that could result from poor perfusion in the placenta. It could also result from poor nutrition and high body fat. The underlying effect is poor development of the fetus, which is normally smaller than usual, mainly due inadequate flow of blood in the placenta. Severe pre-eclampsia may be experienced by a pregnant woman who previously had a mild type of this disease. The most dangerous thing about this condition is that it often appears with little or no warning. The blood pressure rises to about 160/110mmHg and there is a high quantity of protein deposits in the urine. The patient may have one or a combination of the following symptoms: severe headache, blurred vision, epigastric sharp pain similar to a heartburn, nausea and vomiting, muscle twitching and swelling of limbs (Wickham, 2008, p. 212). Treatment Treatment for pre-eclampsia in particular focuses on the high blood pressure. Doctors usually advise bed rest and antihypertensive medi
A commodity is an object outside of us. It satisfies human wants regardless of the nature of those wants. History discovers the various uses of things as well as the establishment of socially recognized standards of measure of quantities of useful objects. The multiplicity of these measures is found on the different nature of entities to be measured. The utility has no existence apart from that commodity. The value of assets arising from their utilization is not related to the extent of labour needed to get out or realize its useful attributes. The use-value of commodities bestows upon them commercial knowledge. Exchange value, on the other hand, is a quantitative relation, hence, its accidental or purely relative and intrinsic value. Commodity and labour posses use value and exchange value. Division of labour is very important in the production of commodities. Nevertheless, the production of goods is not a prerequisite for the division of labour within any society. The use-value of each commodity contains useful labour. It goes without saying that a lot of people’s work is necessary for a good productive activity. A rise in the level of use of commodities points toward a surge in material wealth among the population. The twofold nature of labour implies that a surge in the quantity of material wealth leads to a reduction of its worth and, hence, the demand. Commodities also have unique physical and value forms. Money form is common to all the commodities. Expression of the value of a single commodity can be done in the form of elementary or accidental form of value or total or expanded form of value.
Salman Rushdie is a renowned British writer of Indian origin who, while creating works rooted in an Indian setting, has contributed to the development of new literature styles worldwide. Born in 1947, on the cusp of Indian independence, he has created numerous works depicting India, in the post-colonial setting of which Rushdie investigates his own dual British-Indian identity. Rushdie remains acclaimed not just as an Indian English author but also in international literature, as “[he] played a ground-breaking role in new beginnings — the blending of history with fiction and magic” (Chaubey 10). With his work tackling numerous themes, focusing on his short story “The Prophet’s Hair” allows to discern the details of his work on a smaller scale. The narrative deals with an Indian Muslim family, who encounter a holy relic, and descend into madness, taking along with them the numerous people they contact over the course of the story. The fable-like story allows for a view into the author’s attitudes towards Islam, moralizing on the imminent dangers of fanaticism. The story centers on the theft of a holy Muslim relic, which is characteristic of one of the main themes of postcolonial literature. Reimagining the past, creating different versions of it, states Maurer, is “the heart of early science fiction’s vision of history, especially colonial history” (5). Saturated with magical phenomena, which in The Prophets Hair are synonymous with religious miracles, Rushdie’s work artifices a version of events influenced by supernatural forces, written as natural (Jindal 654). The theme of malign miracles is prevalent, with those unworthy punished by marvelous occurrences, as the disabled beggars lose profit in their cure (Rushdie 14). The turn of the father, Hashim, to religion could also be a sort of miracle, with him being irreligious beforehand. He even states himself that “while he was not a godly man he set great store by ‘living honourably in the world’” (Rushdie 4). The introduction of the prophet’s hair changes him and even turns him to disowning his daughter for qualities he himself cultivated in her. The miraculous occurrences influence the two women of the story, the daughter Huma and the unnamed widow of the Thief King, in different ways. A paper by Scott, studying another work of Rushdie’s “Midnight’s Children”, argues that the depiction of the women in Rushdie’s stories is not solely misogynistic representation (23). However, the fate of the women is characteristic of “Rushdie’s conception of despotic Islam [which] – in line with most strands of Islamophobic thought – hinges partly on the idea of its oppression of women“ (Perchard 10). Hama, previously chastised by her father for acting unseemly for a Muslim girl, dies by his hand in his descent into zealotry. The widow, on the other hand, is granted her sight back and is blessed with “spend[ing] her last days gazing once more upon the beauti
Outsourcing is an essential strategy taken by various firms to reorganize their production by focusing on the main business operations. It is lauded for its ability to cut costs, and improve the performance of the organization. However, in his article ‘the Seven Deadly Sins of Outsourcing’, Jeremy Barthelemy claims that the management fails during outsourcing undertakings as a result of seven sins. Backed by survey data from companies across Europe and USA, Barthelemy claims that these companies outsource activities that ought not to be outsourced, choose wrong venders, come up with a poorly written contract, and overlook personal issues. He further discovered that these companies lose control over the activities they have outsourced, fail to notice the veiled cost of outsourcing, and fail to plan for an exit tactic as discussed in this paper. First Sin: Outsourcing Activities That Does Not Meet the Threshold Barthelemy claims that organizations commit a grave mistake by outsourcing activities not supposed to be outsourced. Some firms outsource an area where its competitive advantage lies thereby ruining its competitive edge. In this case, firms ought to consider resources and activities unique to its operations and focus on it and outsource other areas. Outsourcing a company’s core business activities makes a company hollow thereby losing its competitive advantage. Second Sin: Selecting the Wrong Vendor According to Barthelemy, most firms select a vendor based on the vendor’s ability to produce products and services at a low price. However, this is a wrong criterion because outsourcing is not for cost cutting alone. Both soft and hard qualifications should be considered when selecting a vendor. Hard qualifications can be verified easily and they include a state of the art product or service and low cost. Many firms go for hard qualifications without knowing that these qualifications change, depending on the market conditions thereby affecting the outsourced activities negatively. However, soft qualifications are not tangible yet they are the most crucial. They include the vendor’s ability to remain credible for a long time, cultural fit of the business among many. Soft qualifications can be identified through the first impressions the vendor makes with the firms and also through studying the history of the internal and external environment of the vendor. Third Sin: Writing a Poor Contract Barthelemy claims that firms focus on vendor partnership and give the contract a little consideration. They develop trust-based relationships with vendors and run their operations on partnership management. However, partnership management is dangerous as it does not give formal provisions for commitment of short term and long-term goals, and does not give an outsourcing firm the provision to set its expectations. Barthelemy advises that a firm should spend quality time with vendor mulling
Executive Summary BPMN stands for Business Process Modeling Notation. It is the new standard for modeling business processes and web service processes, as put forth by the Business Process Management Initiative. BPMN is therefore a core enabler of a new initiative in the Enterprise Architecture world called Business Process Management. Business Process Management is concerned with changes that occur in order to improve business processes. Business Process Execution Languages themselves are run, controlled and orchestrated on a Business Process Management System. OASIS is a non-profit, global consortium that drives the development, convergence and adoption of e-business standards. Both BPEL4WS and BPMI’s BPML have been submitted to OASIS to become a business process execution language standard. OASIS has created a subcommittee to decide upon a standard; the outcome of this committee is called Web Services – Business Execution Language (WS-BPEL). The OASIS WS-BPEL requires the development of new BPMS technologies as well. Marketing Plan How Much Should You Spend? Your monthly marketing budget should be equal to the value of one typical client per month or 10% of prior months gross, whichever is greater. For example, if your business is doing something like €50,000 a month, you should be willing to invest more in growing your business because you already have “momentum” and often good marketing can send things into overdrive. It is no easy task setting up the marketing portion of your budget. It comes somewhat under the shadow of “darned if you do and darned if you don’t.” You will hear people say (often as a complaint) that they spend nearly one-third of their budgeting on marketing. Then you will turn around and hear a comment from another businessperson that he or she “got the lion’s share of the year’s business off of a $500 leaflet.” This tells you that instinct and common sense both are involved in the process of setting a marketing budget. But here are some more definitive guidelines:   * When you are starting up as a company, a sizeable chunk of your budget over the first two to three years will go to marketing, especially with electronic modes added to (Not replacing) the print vehicles you need to use.   * When you add trade show presence into the budget, you can expect to spend hefty bucks to have a presence that meets, perhaps exceeds the impact of your competitors.   * Direct advertising will boost the money you spend. Print, radio and television ads must be professionally done.   * As a start-up, plan to spend 20 to 30 percent of