ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Monica’s apartment is used as the setting for many of the scenes depicted in Friends . There are several aspects of the interior design that make viewers feel comfortable when they watch this movie. For example, the living room is adorned with upholstered furniture, and it looks rather cozy. The walls are painted in purple, and this color produces a very soothing impression on the audience. There is another detail which also attracts attention. In particular, various objects are scattered in a haphazard way, and the room looks rather disorderly. Nevertheless, this apartment does not seem untidy. This is one of the main features that should not be overlooked. On the whole, this interior design reflects the character of people depicted in this television series. For instance, one can say that these people can be absent-minded, awkward, eccentric, illogical, and even childlike. Yet, these are the qualities that make these characters very engaging and unpredictable. Furthermore, these interior design indicates that this apartment will be a gathering place for place for the main characters. Moreover, their day-to-day conversations will be the basis for the plot of this television series. So, the audience may expect the actors to talk about such issues as their personal relations, employment, family, and so forth. These are some of the details that should be considered. It is possible to say that the design of setting often depends on the genre of a movie or a television series. Such differences can be illustrated if one looks at a comedy series and a dramatic series. For example, in comedies, many living rooms are portrayed as extremely disorganized places. Moreover, the viewers can say that such living rooms are not supposed to impress possible guests with the wealth of an owner (Bonner, 2003). Such movies as Friends and Big Bang Theory are the most eloquent examples of this approach to design. In contrast, dramatic television series may present images. For example, one can refer to the television series called House of Cards. The apartment in which the main character lives differs significantly from settings featured in sitcoms. At first glance, the living room looks very austere and minimalistic. Nevertheless, the design is supposed to highlight the high social status of a person. For example, the articles of furniture suggest that the main character is a very affluent pers
The Idea of the Expansion: Where Does This Road Take? However fast pace the development may take, there are always people who slacken its speed with non-stopping arguments and the doubts about the success of the campaign. In spite of the fact that all the necessary calculations have been carried out and that the most important measures are about to be applied, there still will be a bunch of people who will start arguing about the expedience of the enterprise. What is going on about expansion of the road in Phoenix belongs to the same category of arguments. Since the road extension has caused a great stir in the society and has resulted in continuous debates, the problem needs investigating. This paper aims at considering the problem from the two existing positions and to suggest the most reasonable decision on the subject of the road extension. In the given research, the method of the principled negotiation is used to figure out the most appropriate decision. The method that is used in the essay is the one of the principal negotiation. As Fisher denotes it, The method of principled negotiation developed at the Harvard Negotiation Project is to decide issues on their merits rather than through a haggling process focused on what each side says it will and won’t do. It suggests that you look for mutual gains wherever possible, and that where your interests conflict, you should insist that the result be based on some fair standards independent of the will of either side. The method of principled negotiation is hard on the merits, soft on the people (6). What has been suggested could be explained in the following way. The very idea is that the road called Loop 202, or, to be more official, State Route 202, circles rather small area of the cities of Tempe, Mesa, Chandler and Gilbert. Beginning at the Mini Stack and ending its way at Interstate 10, which is near Ahwatukee, it makes the small cities connected with the rest of the US, creating the vitally important interchange between the cities. Since Arizona covers quite big area, it is desirable that these cities were as close to the “mainland” as possible, making the whole body of the state an entire organism. However, at present it is considered that the road needs reconstruction and that the South Mountain Freeway, the part of the route in question, is supposed to be changed in favor of the country and its profit. However, the issue has raised multiple protests among the population and has become the battlefield for the citizen of the state and its regulation. According to the ideas of the principled negotiations, the people must be separated from the problem (Fisher 19), so it is better to listen to the opinions, not taking into account personal likes and dislikes. Not all of the people in the video by Dorkatron call for positiv
The work of Karl Popper on defining and analyzing what knowledge is has been considered of great importance in the current world of philosophy and psychology. This scholar tries to define what knowledge is, and holds that there isn’t such thing as object of knowledge. According to Resnick (2004, p. 89), “To know is to be able to operate adequately in an individual or cooperative situation.” Karl Popper then comes with theory of three world of knowledge. Based on this theory, the physical universe is the first world. This world consist the reality and truth such as chemistry, physics and energy. The second world is the world of personal perceptions, cognition and experiences. It is important to understand that personal perception can be subjective at times. This world involves what we think, anticipate of it, the hypothesis we make of it, and what we represent. Resnick (2004, p. 87) says “Is the sum total of the objective abstract products of the human mind? It consists of such artifacts as books, tools, theories, models, libraries, computers, and networks. It is quite a diverse mixture.” This theory holds that the three worlds of knowledge are interrelated. It is through world one that world two exist, while world two tries to regulate and control world one. On the other hand, world three predicts and describes world one, while world one is the logic of world three. This means that knowledge is around us in the form of world one, which then becomes part of us in the form of world two, and then finally stored in the context of history in world three. The Nonsense of ‘Knowledge Management’ According to Girard (2005, p. 76), “Knowledge management’ means different things to different companies and that one or two of them that have previously dabbled with the idea have moved on to other things.” If a definition were to be given of knowledge management, this scholar says that the answe
Introduction Providing security to the users of a system is among the key concerns of an operating system manufacturer. On the windows platform it has been observed that the uses of different file systems is one approach that has been used to provide additional security. In the Windows Server 2003 platform the use of the NTFS files system has been maintained owing to the security features that the system supports (Weber & Bahadur 2003). With the NTFS files system files and directories are maintained as securable objects thus allowing users to set permissions that limit access to these objects. Some of the main functions handled by an operating systems include those associated with Authentication, Authorization and Accounting. (See Figure III) On the Windows platform AAA provides a means for the system to identify a user, grant access to specific resources and document what actions the user took and at what time they took these actions (Reeser, Kaplan & Wood 2003). The majority of services associated with AAA on the Windows Server 2003 environment are offered by the Windows security model. Under this security model authentication is carried out through the use of user account / password settings. Authorization is handled by discretionary access control lists managed by the system. The system caters for accounting needs using event logs and event auditing policies (Reeser, Kaplan & Wood 2003).To assist in the management of permissions when a user logs on to the system an access token is produced. This token consists of pieces of information about the users account (Weber & Bahadur 2003). Through this means when a user attempts to access a file the system checks to see if the user has the security descriptor for that file. In addition to monitoring the users of a system the Windows Server 2003 platform allows the administrator of the system to audit activity on the system by observing the system logs. Each access attempt is logged and stored in a log file that can be viewed by the system administrators or other users with appropriate permissions (Weber & Bahadur 2003). However, no system provides perfect security and for that reason there are ways to go around the operating system in Windows Server 2003. The purpose of this report is to briefly discuss some of the issues with authentication, authorization and auditing (AAA) on the Windows Server 2003 platform. Windows Server 2003 Authentication Mechanism The Windows Server 2003 platform just like the Windows 2000 was constructed to give a wide range of control over access to its resources. As a matter of fact Windows Server 2003 is designed such that it checks access permissions for every request before granting access to system resources (Stewart, McCann and Melendez 2006). The Windows Server 2003professional system can provide local security when used as a standalone system, in a workgroup or participate in domain security managed by a Windows server
In the book called The New Global Mission: The Gospel from Everywhere to Everyone , the author introduces the Christian mission in a different context. In particular, at the beginning of the twenty-fist century, Christianity is considered from a broad global perspective, with initiating pilgrimages and missionaries from all regions to all people. While exploring the new realities of the globalized community and assessing the changing patterns in carrying global mission, which is both secular and sacred, Escobar introduces a new theological framework of biblical mission, revisiting the God the Farther, Son, and Holy Spirit in the world context and providing implications to Christian to pursuing new objectives of a global mission. While developing a new conception of church, the author emphasizes the importance of the globalization process and its influence on the missionary work. The third millennium produces new opportunities for Christian mission because “…facilities for travel and the flow of information at a global level through media…allow Christians and churches everywhere to experience rich and diverse expression of the Christian faith” (Escobar, 2003, p. 14). Hence, gaining experience in collaborating with African, Latin American, and Korean churches, pilgrims could learn more religious visions spread across cultures. While referring to the Saint Scripture, as it is presented in different cultures, Escobar (2003) attempts to render the idea that the sacred texts is “translatable” and can be equally accepted in various countries and religions (p. 11). In addition, the author presents a useful historic perspective for readers who are not familiar with missionary work. Escobar (2003) asserts that missions are always guided by God who chooses people to accomplish a mission, a divine enterprise that cannot be entirely grasped by humans without God’s help. In this respect, the author explains, “while Christians confess in their creeds and their worship that they believe in a God who loves the world so much that he sent his Son to reveal his love…they do not care much about what has to be done today to demonstrate that love” (Escobar, 2003, p. 93). Unlike Escobar’s focus on cooperation between humans and divine forces, Barth rejected to the connection between God and humanity as the one that leads to positive outcomes. In particular, the Christian thinker “always opposed every form of natural theology – the attempt to gain knowledge of God from nature, culture and philosophy” (Grenz & Olson, 1992, p. 68). At this point, his suggestion was the Christianity should be, first of all, premised on faith and commitment, but not on gaining experience and knowledge. Tillich’s theological conception is similar to Barth’s vision in terms of the religious influence, yet it presents the opposite side in terms of approaches. In particular, Tillich’s outlook on the correlation between God and secular society is positive and, therefo
Introduction Crime refers to a prohibited action, for which a person can be reprimanded by the government (Lilly, Cullen & Ball, 2014). Crime also means oversight of an obligation that is instructed by the civic law, which makes the lawbreaker liable for the crime committed and, therefore, suffer a punishment (Lilly et al., 2014). Other scholars define crime as a deed or an instance of defiance that is considered hazardous to the morals of the community and the concerns of the nation and is legitimately forbidden by the law (Rocque, Welsh & Raine, 2012). Crime Prevention Theories Currently, dealing with the effects of effects costs both the local and the central government a lot of money. The government has to pay courts that handle criminal cases, as well as supply financial resources for the replacement of facilities and buildings destroyed by crimes like vandalism and arson. Some authors have come up with theories that explain how crimes can be prevented, such as the routine activities theory and crime prevention through environmental design. First, the situational crime prevention theory has been well defined as the use of methods focused on precise practices of crime. It encompasses management, manipulation, and design of the immediate surroundings in as methodical and lasting a manner as possible. The theory was posed by the department of criminological research of the British government in the 1970s. The rational choice theory makes the foundation for the situational crime prevention theory. It assumes that wrongdoers actively and freely opt to commit misconduct (Geason & Wilson, 1988). The rational choice theory, which was created by Jeremy Bentham and later on developed by Gary Becker, shows that decisions made to commit crimes are psychologically and socially determined, but the situation determines the ultimate decision. This theory portrays that conditions are not likely to motivate an individual to commit a crime but stimulate the decision of the person to commit a wrong. Consequently, the situational preventive methods are effective in reducing the crime in areas such as vandalism, anticrime and burglary. Apart from the theory in question, a range of other assumptions concerning the methods of crime prevention has been spawned. While a range of these theories has a certain int
Introduction The first attempts to support an idea of a paperless office were observed at the end of the 1970s when futurists considered the power of new digital technologies (Pierce 2013). It was believed that paper communication could be irrelevant due to the fast growth of new screens, TV displays, and other devices. In 1978, Lancaster offered the term known as a “paperless society” according to which people could no longer need libraries and the activities where paper played an important role (de Jager 2015). At that period, people neither set clear goals nor understood what outcomes they wanted to achieve as soon as some kind of a paperless movement began. Today, the idea of paperless offices and society turns out to be vital. Some different positions with clear backgrounds and explanations are given. Some researchers introduce the important benefits of electronic platforms to support a paperless concept (Bhattacharjee 2016; Sy 2016). At the same time, some people understand the benefits and threats of a paperless world contrasting mobility and reading comfort, and ability to annotate while reading, and a necessity to buy new devices (Berghel 2015; Shenoy & Aithal 2016). Some researchers believe that it is unnecessary or even impossible to remove the paper from the world and establish new rules in a paperless society (Ehrlich & Fu 2014; North 2013). This idea is developed in different directions regarding such factors as personal attitudes, habits, and goals. Paperless Concept in the 21 st Century In comparison to the uncertainties and challenges of the 19 th and 20 th centuries, the goals of the people who live today, in the 21 st century, are rather clear and definite. People want to save time and achieve as many positive outcomes in different fields as possible. The performance of the technology is hard to quantify, and innovation becomes one of the most pleasant unexpected concepts (Nagy et al. 2013). People also discuss the environmental advantages of a paperless society, including the possibility to save trees, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and reduce fuel consumption (Gupta 2015; McGee 2015). During the last decade, an idea to create an eco-friendly society has been already supported by many people around the whole world. Earth-friendly behaviors, norms, and policies have been adopted to avoid natural disasters and other unpleasant eco-problems (Gupta 2015). In labs, people start working with the latest technologies and find it effective to make notes on their e-ink screens, but not in their notebooks (Pierce 2013). Still, the possibility to use personal notes exists. Despite the existing variety of technological devices and opportunities, it is hard to replace paper completely and remove all paper-based activities from everyday life. The history of paper invention is long and significant, starting with the usage of clay tablets, aquatic plants, and bamboo and ending with white sheets of paper (Shenoy & Aithal 20
Mass society and popular culture theories give two quite different perspectives on the relationships between media and audiences. The two theories depend on an explicit division amid the present and the past (Beaty, 2005). This division is usually used to denote the path of social transformation from a healthier past to a deteriorating and unappealing present. Mass society is generally used as a phrase disparaging the significance of commercially promoted entertainment and arts delivered to appeal to persons in specific demographic groups (Beaty, 2005). On the other hand, popular culture generally refers to ordinary aesthetic or life performances, in both the statistical and qualitative mind (Guins & Cruz, 2005).This paper shall explore the similarities and differences amid these two theories. A Comparison between Mass Society and Popular Culture Both the popular culture and the mass society are theories that are used to explain perspectives in media. According to Edelstein (1997), mass society theory asserts that if persons are ordered into masses, they compromise on their human character and value since they lose their family and community relationships. According to this theory, each person exists as a lone atom; identical with and undistinguished from large numbers of other atoms who head out to structure the lonely mass (Jacobs, 1992). From this standpoint, mass society is a homogeneous, prescribed, cyclic and outward culture, one which enjoys inconsequential, sloppy, direct and sham pleasures at the cost of firm, logical, conventional and genuine vales. Adorno (2001) argues that mass culture is a desecrated insignificant culture that evades both the deep certainties such as death and simple impulsive joys. This happens because the certainties would be too authentic and the joys too sparkling to support a narcotized approval of mass society and the things it sells as an alternate for the disconcerting and erratic joy, misfortune, humor, transformation, novelty and attractiveness of true life. Conversely, a popular culture is a society or a group of work folks connected to every other by traditions, general interests, vocation, morals and feelings. Popular culture emerged from the grassroots and is usually independent. It openly considers the practices and lives of the public. On the other hand, the mass society theory emerged after urbanization and industrialization. Following these events, the structure of the society and morality broke down, persons grew to be estranged, isolated, and stalled in ever more contractual and monetary social affair
The concept of globalization has led to the development of the requirement for the education leadership functions in the educational system to influence the establishment of a global perspective in developing teaching models. Educational leaders have been charged with the development of standard models of teaching to ensure students are adequately prepared for the competition in the global employment market. Additionally, education leaders have also been charged with the responsibility of enhancing the understanding of global issues in various disciplines, which calls for the regular changing of the focus in concepts in the associated disciplines to influence innovation among the students in the quest to solve the issues. For instance, there are health and environmental issues that need to be solved by preparing professionals in the education system to handle the emerging issues (Tekian & Harris, 2012). Role of Education Leaders The primary role of education leaders in the development of the appropriate education models is to facilitate the nurturing of professionals with the relevant educational qualifications to solve global issues. This implies that education leaders need to use their knowledge and skills, as well as experience to forge the appropriate changes in the traditional teaching approaches. Every education leader should be acquainted with the issues facing the modern world to develop the most feasible changes to the education system (Searby, Ballenger & Tripses, 2015). Some of the desired changes would be the development of standardized curriculums that influence the development of human assets that are highly competent in handling the required tasks in different industrial sectors. Additionally, education leaders are charged with the role of conducting evaluations on the effectiveness of different teaching and learning methods applied in educational facilities (Weaver-Hightower & Skelton, 2013). For instance, the application of cognitive and behavioral models in teaching should be closely tied with the desired outcomes on the part of the students. This implies that education leaders must be acquainted with the needs of the individual students, and this calls for regular surveys for the leaders to establish the requirements of the stakeholders (Waks, 2014). Education leaders are also charged with administrative roles like the development of policies in the education system (Rumbley, Helms, Peterson & Altbach, 2014). Their role as practitioner scholars requires them to conduct numerous studies on policies and models that guide the education system, with a close focus on the best ways to enhance the quality of education by making learning and teaching easier. The education leaders must develop a holistic approach for a paradigm shift in the education system (Stuessy, Schielack & Knight, 2012). This implies that every decision in the education system should be scrutinized on the merit of its ability to influence parallelism with the societal needs. This calls for the associated leaders to not only be critical thinkers, but also visionary in their decision-making.