ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Administrative Standards of Practice High legal standards are crucial in judicial reviews regarding administrative decisions. A legislative body has the authority to look into a standard of review to determine if it is reasonable and fair as it administers justice. The principle of reasonableness applies in instances where deference to an Immigration Appeal Division (I.A.D) decision is necessary to rule on issues raised by a particular applicant. The Ministry of Immigration v Khosa (2008) highlighted issues regarding administrative reviews of specific tribunal cases brought before the court. Khosa had been charged with a street-racing offense which made IAD rule that he should leave Canada. The judgment for the case seemed to imply that IAD failed to take time to review all issues of the application made by Khosa (Canada v. Khosa, 2009). Therefore, the court had ruled that IAD did not act fairly when it chose to deny the applicant relief from leaving the country. The case shows the extent to which tribunals set up by acts of legislative bodies can resolve and make decisions regarding various issues brought before them for arbitration. They need to observe the principle of Dunsmuir when they make their rulings to ensure the standards of review they choose to apply are correct and reasonable. The decision to deny Khosa relief was found to be unreasonable and did not effectively address his circumstances. In effect, the application of the law by members of IAD did not focus on key humanitarian issues Khosa had highlighted. However, upon appeal, a higher court set aside the ruling made by the Federal Courts and reinstated the decision made by IAD regarding Khosa’s application. Judges involved in the case argued IAD exercised its judicial mandate as required by the law. Therefore, they argued the Federal Court’s ruling failed to follow the law as stipulated by the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Canada v. Khosa, 2009). The ruling made in the case showed courts were not supposed to intervene in matters that had already been reviewed by IAD. The tribunal’s ruling on Khosa was allowed to stand. The concept of Dunsmuir as used in the case was used to assess the extent to which IAD exercised reasonableness in its judgment against Khosa. The legislated standard of review that had been established by the Federal Courts Act allowed IAD to review and make decisions regarding various issues related to immigrants in the country
Introduction Common Sense and Related Writings is a masterpiece written by Thomas Paine, a scientist, inventor (of Iron Bridge), a philosopher, and a propagandist. As a writer, Paine is important in that, his writings stirred many people in the United States of America to rise up and fight for their freedom. Paine says, “Tis time to part” (73). People went to war for Paine convinced them that, “the sun never shined on a cause of a greater worth” (Paine 86). Paine talks of government as a necessary evil, emphasizes on state of nature, underlines the inevitability of American independence and British oppression, highlights the problems of monarchy, and finally sheds some light on America’s relationship with the rest of Europe. Précis According to Paine’s world, government is a necessary evil other wise people would live without it. The function of government is to “restrain our voices” (Paine 66). Paine believers that presence of government is justified by the fact that it relives problems that would arise if people lived without it. On the issue of state of nature, Paine considers a natural state of man without influence of society; a state where all men are “originally equals” (Paine 70). Paine saw independence of America coming and nothing could stop it. Actually, to him this was a simple fact that each person should accept. He says, “Until independence is declared the continent will feel itself like a man who continues putting off some unpleasant business from day to day, yet knows it must be done… wishes it over, and is continually haunted with the thoughts of its necessity” (86). This emphasizes how America’s independence was inevitable. Paine also saw the inevitability of British oppression and he says, “From Britain, we can expect nothing but ruin. If she is admitted to the government of America again, this continent will not be worth living in” (Paine 109). Paine also understands the importance of America’s relationships with other European countries and he suggests that, “it is advantageous for America to form commercial and political ties with these nations…” (Paine 116). On monarchy, Paine urges that it is wrong and men were created equal and the elite are “ignorant and unfit” (Paine 136). Analysis/Conclusion In Common Sense and Related Writings, Paine knew exactly what he was saying. His calling for people to raise and fight for freedom could not come at a better time than this. By criticizing the British colonial rule, Paine brought awareness to the people of America on the importance of freedom. The author’s thesis is very effective. The truth is, America needed freedom, and there was massive oppression from the British colonial rule with high unfair taxes. After Americans’ rejected these taxes, the colonial rule re-established the
Is Google the next Icarus or the next Microsoft? Will the 7-year-old, highflying darling οf Mountain View, Calif., fall down to earth when the hot rays οf competitive reality melt its wax wings? Or, will it he the heir to the worldwide dominance wielded by Microsoft (which in turn displaced the mighty IBM)? Whatever you think its fate will he, Google is certainly not just a search company, as search expert Stephen E. Arnold clearly shows in his e-book The Google Legacy, which was published in fall 2005. Arnold contends that Google is greater than the sum οf its parts. In fact, he says Google represents a disruptive technological force–one that has become a metaphor for the next generation οf computing. A sought-after consultant, popular lecturer, and established author on technology, Arnold has authored six hooks and more than 50 articles. He is the author οf the popular Enterprise Search Report and spent nearly a year and a half researching and writing The Google Legacy. I interviewed Arnold in late November 2005 to talk about the book and his thoughts on what has happened since its publication. Many Google employees (not to mention the employees at Microsoft and Yahoo!) were also interested in findings οf Stephen E. Arnold – some even suspect they were eager first readers οf the work. Arnold said that individuals he talked to at Google often knew only one piece οf the overall Googleplex structure. Through his investigative research, Arnold managed to pull chunks οf the company’s diverse technology pieces together (King, pp. 25-25). Instead, you should read one οf the several interesting and entertaining books about Google that were published in the past year, such as The Google Story by David A. Vise and Mark Malseed. “Mine is not breezy, anecdotal, and easy to read,” said Arnold. “Mine is a conceptual analysis οf [Google’s] hardware and software engineering and the technology that it supports.”
Introduction In the past, Trinity Community Hospital has conducted community health needs assessment to establish health related needs of the community. The process entails continuous improvement of the plan depending on the dynamic nature of health needs in the community (Nardi & Petr, 2003). After sometime therefore, there has emerged the need for appraising the initial assessment in order to improve the overall plan in line with the current needs of the patients within the community. This is a community health needs assessment that seeks to point out and discuss some of the major health risk factors of the community. Besides, the paper will elucidate on ways that Trinity Community Hospital is addressing the needs discussed. Finally, the establishment of the existing health gaps will provide an important background upon which health planners in the hospital will draw recommendations. Discussion: Major Health and Risk Factors Oncology Services It is apparent in the case study that there are major risk factors that impede Trinity Hospital’s ability to address the community health needs. First, there is an increased demand for oncology services across the entire community. Coupled with the fact that the seniors will constitute 15% of the entire community’s population, the demand is poised to rise dramatically. Besides, health experts estimate that cancer will develop amongst 50% of the male population throughout their lifetimes. For women, they have a slightly lower chance of developing cancer that stands at around 33%. Subsequently, there is an increased risk of more cancer patients in the immediate future leading to heightened demand for oncology services across the entire area. While the above figures reveal the increasing demand for the services, the existing facilities remain hugely unable to address the growing demand. The rationale is that different facilities that provide the services are unable to match the need for the services. The patients are increasing exponentially with a level that can rarely be addressed by the current capacity of health providers. This implies that in future, the community faces a huge risk where the number of patients will be so large that the facilities will be overwhelmed. In particular, the facilities to diagnose and treat cancer at an early stage have been unable to meet this demand. Sensitization and information dissemination has been ineffective with only few programs initiated to fulfill these goals. As such, lack of appropriate information regarding ways in which an individual can get early diagnoses creates a gap that further complicates the treatment procedure since the diagnosis is usually delayed. Besides, late cancer diagnosis stresses the capa
In recent years, the accessibility to appropriate medical assistance became a highly disturbing issue worldwide. In the United States, the terms of health inequalities and health disparities label the substantially disturbing differences in the quality of medical treatment for white Americans and African Americans (Singer & Baer, 2012). According to Singer and Baer (2012), not all population groups have equal access to modern medicine to benefit from its expanded capacity. The average life expectancy of African Americans is substantively lower in comparison with the white population (Singer & Baer, 2012). Racism and “the differences in the socioeconomic status” of ethnic minorities lead to a lack of access to health care and the prevalence of severe diseases such as cancer, HIV/AIDS, and ischemic heart disease (Singer & Baer, 2012, p. 177). However, a similar situation is observable in other parts of the world, as well. From a personal perspective, public awareness of health inequalities and morbid diseases is immeasurably insufficient. Although 10,000 people die from AIDS every day with one death every 8 seconds, the dynamic in Africa is the most disastrous (Bilheimer, 2000). In some parts of Africa, a third of all pregnant women have AIDS, and appropriate medical treatment is inaccessible both to them and their children (Bilheimer, 2000). In India, women who have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS inevitably face social discrimination, stigmatization, and accusation of immorality even if they became infected by their husbands (Van Hollen, 2013). I believe that this attitude and public ignorance are unacceptable as HIV/AIDS has already become a universal responsibility and the worst disease in human history. There should be no global issues left that will be ignored or hidden by the global community. And what can we do to change the perception of people with HIV/AIDS in our country?
Question and Answer Prompts Context Is the context significant for meaning? The context is significant to understand the meaning of Paul’s speech because of Paul’s word choice and persuasive manner of speaking depending on the audience and associated conditions. Thus, referring to the context of the speech on Mars Hill, Paul’s purpose is to teach the Athenians belonging to the Epicurean and Stoic philosophical schools about Jesus and the idea of resurrection in contrast to their worshipping idols (Acts 17:16-21) 1 . Characters Do the characters develop or stay static? Why? The presented characters of Paul and the Athenians develop while Paul speaks because Paul changes his approach to speaking while discussing the role of the Lord and the idea of resurrection; the Athenians develop because they react to Paul’s speech according to their understanding of the Christian ideas and the concept of resurrection. Thus, while hearing about the idea of resurrection, some people sneer, and some people respond to Paul’s speech. As a result, the Athenians presented at the Areopagus change their meaning in a definite way after listening to Paul’s speech, and some Athenians become believers (Acts 17:34). Are they significant for meaning? How? The characters of the Athenians, especially of Dionysius the Areopagite and Damaris, are significant for meaning because the actions of these characters support the opinion about the speech’s convincing character and its role for the Athenians who are inclined to worship idols. Dionysius the Areopagite and Damaris become believers, and this fact supports the idea that the other Athenians can also follow Paul’s speech and accept the new teaching (Acts 17:32-34). Audience and Narrator Is the audience or narrator significant for meaning? The references to the audience and narrator are significant for meaning because they can be discussed as opposed to each other, and Paul’s task as the speaker or narrator in this passage is not only to teach the Athenians but also to convince them to believe in Lord. The audience consists of the Epicureans and Stoic philosophers who do not know about Lord as the other devout Athenians did not previously, and Paul speaks to teach them based on the concepts which are close to them and their philosophies (the vision of the universe and life) (Acts 17:24-31). Genre Is the genre significant for meaning? The genre of speech is significant for the meaning of the passage because Paul goes to the midst of the Areopagus to communicate to the Athenians the new teaching about the Lord and the idea of resurrection. The persuasive speech is the most appropriate form to teach the Athenians about the ideals of Christianity. Furthermore, the meaning of the p
Introduction In the complex environment of the 21 st century, political engagement among civilians is often taken for granted, as people are capable of exercising their rights to partake in political and military processes within the state. This is an incredible breakthrough compared to what could be observed before the World War I arguably, the latter served as a trigger for causing a massive increase in the rates of military and political activity among people all over the world. The rapid and nearly unanimous change towards a politically aware behavioral model and the sharp increase in the significance of the role of civilian population all over the world can be explained by the fact that the WWI affected people deeply not only on the state level, but also of a more personal one by jeopardizing both their lives and their values. The True Face of War Bringing drastic changes to people’s lives to the point where the latter were literally destroyed, the World War I affected people on a personal level, therefore, making them engage in military actions in order to survive and protect those, who were dear to them. It should be noted, though, that the effect that the WWI had on the military engagement and political awareness among civilians, is rather bitter. While the increase in the engagement rates and the incredible upheaval in the political activeness of civilians, not to mention the reconsideration of warfare in general by an average citizen, are beyond amazing, the toll that it took on people is huge and truly terrifying. The enhancement of the role of civilians in modern warfare cost millions of lives taken in the course of the war (Gatrell and Nivett 64). The very fact that the World War I triggered mass deportations, as well as that concentration camps were created and used actively at the time (Winter 258), is a solid proof for the social tension that was building up within the society in the course of the war along with the political one. As the enemy’s actions had a terrible and enormous impact on people’s families, the stakes of people joining the military in order to combat the enemy were obviously higher than ever, and, therefore, the striving for defeating the latter was all the stronger. The “extremely violent transfer of the population” (Becker 00:26:23), which was a common occurrence in the environment of the WWI, did play its role in the development of a specific attitude towards warfare among the people belonging to the allied states(Schaepdrijver 87). Thus, incorporating both negative and positive influence, though clearly with a much stronger stress on the former, the WWI reinvented the role of average citizens in modern warfare, making it more significant. Conclusion Therefore, it can be assumed that, owing to the changes that the WWI brought into the political life of the state and the people that live in it, as well as the rates of political engagement among the people of the 20 th and 21 st century, the war has altered the role of citizens in modern warfare drastically. Not only did the war encouraged people to joi
Airlines pricing strategy The pricing strategy that airlines utilize by charging fees for additional services separately can be labeled as “optional product pricing” (“Pricing Strategies,” n.d.). The tactic of unbundling is being used, i.e. additional services which were previously included in the price of the ticket are now excluded from it, and charged for separately. It might be possible to charge fees for various additional services that can be provided for the passengers of aircraft. For instance, airline companies might consider charging extra money for seats near which there is a PowerPoint (so that clients would be able to charge their laptops, for example). Another possible option is to charge fees depending upon the location of the seat in the cabin: for instance, as was stressed in the case, seats near the aisle may be more convenient to those who are tall because there might be extra legroom; it is possible to charge money for a seat near a window (“Pricing Strategies,” n.d.); reserving several seats located near one another (so that one could sit next to e.g. their friends) can also cost additional money. Fees for larger seats can also be proposed, etc. Pricing strategy Southwest Airlines Given that the named airline company “prides itself” for not charging extra money for baggage checking, it might be possible to assume that they will keep not doing it for at least some time in the future. This is because not charging fees for bag checking might provide Southwest Airlines with an additional competitive advantage in comparison to their rivals, attracting additional clients. However, if the company finds out (e.g., via research) that this advantage is not profitable (i.e., they would earn more money by charging for bags checking than by not charging for it), they will likely start charging money for baggage checking separately. It should also be noted that using bundled pricing for bags checking gives Southwest Airlines another advantage: it includes fees for baggage in the ticket of every passenger, whereas unbundling this option might mean that many passengers will not pay for baggage; in fact, unbundling allows clients to handpick the options they desire, and not to pay for that which they do not need (Tjan, 2010). This might be partially considered a niche advantage to a certain extent, due to the scarcity of the product offered (free bag checking which is not proposed by any other airlines). On the whole, however, this is a cost leadership strategy, because it allows clients to purchase the service (bag checking) for a lower price (which is included in the ticket) than in competitor airlines. Pricing strategy in different industries It is possible to offer a variety of unbundled pricing options in different service industr
As the first alternative, we recommend Mr. Chua pay assiduous attention to building a robust and conducive corporate culture in the company. In particular, considering the increased turnover rate of newly hired personnel, indicating the acute lack of motivation and commitment, Mr. Chua can develop a strategy that enhances employee engagement. This fundamental approach means providing workers with the opportunity to participate in decision-making processes, including policy and strategy formation. Engaged employees are regarded as ones who are entirely immersed in and passionate about their work, clearly understanding that their and the company’s reputation and interests directly pivot on their appropriate behavior. To improve the involvement, we highly recommend cultivating a feeling among staff that their work is meaningful, which allows them to realize their value within the organization. Osborne and Hammoud (2017) also advise that it is beneficial to encourage younger workers with monetary compensation and job security to increase their loyalty. Furthermore, the best ways to heighten employee engagement include promoting rewards and recognition, developing an ideological bond between leaders and employees, and empowering workers. Herewith, we are fully aware of the tremendous work he performed for the company’s benefit and value his effort that promoted our fast development and expansion in recent years. Advantages The first significant privilege of employee engagement is its ability to enhance the job satisfaction and productivity of the workforce, which was confirmed by a literature review by Barik and Kochar (2017). Barik and Kochar (2017) also specify the second advantage of this concept, that is, much better employee retention and, thus, turnover rate. Finally, employee engagement ensures the steady professional development of management-employee communication via participation in decision-making and shared zeal for growth. Disadvantages Perhaps, the most significant drawback of alternative work is the possibility of disorganization. The company should provide regular, time- and cost-consuming training to address this issue, especially for entered personnel. Besides, there is a necessity to assess employees’ demographic and mental characteristics to match their abilities to the company’s vision. The final disadvantage is the need to perform systematic employee engagement and performance surveys to determine whether outcomes meet the established objectives.