ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The operating room is alien to novice nurses. Besides, the operating room is usually considered uninviting and hostile to beginners. Performing a learner analysis is essential in ensuring the right instructional needs are emphasized. Moreover, learner analysis determines correct instructional goals (Reid, 2013). This paper will conduct a learner analysis based on the operating room setting as a learning environment for nurses. Learning theories Activities in operating rooms are quite difficult to comprehend for trainees. Instructors are expected to encourage interaction in such contexts. The three learning theories adopted for operating rooms include information-processing, experiential learning and situated learning (Sutkin, Littleton & Kanter, 2015). Information processing theory George Miller invented the information-processing theory. The theory ensures key learning materials are processed and stored by nurses in operating rooms. The theory comprises of short-term (sensory, working) and long-term memories, which are vital in operating rooms. Sensory memory takes about 3 seconds to process information with the capability of holding up to 7 discrete elements. Information from sensory goes to the working memory, which gives them meaning for either use or deletion (Illeris, 2009). Data inferences are performed at this stage. In this case, nurses should have the ability to use resources gained in the operating room efficiently. Nurses in operating rooms must have a high degree of automaticity to achieve success in operating rooms. Working memory has up to 9 units of information with retention duration of about 15 seconds. On the other hand, long-term memory has an infinite capacity with permanent retention capability (Schraw & McCrudden, 2013). Situated learning theory According to Jean Lave, learning is closely linked to culture, context or activity carried out. Therefore, the environment is central to learning. Situated learning incorporates soc
The US president wields a lot of power both domestically and in the international scene. These powers are granted by a number of statutes, amendments, the Constitution, powers granted through congressional acts, and numerous influence and soft power by virtue of his position as the leader. On the other hand, Canada does not have a president and is instead led by a prime minister. Although the two countries are almost equal in size, their leaders exhibit vast differences in the amount of power they hold domestically (Dickerson, Flanagan, and O’Neill 58; Neustadt 47). General knowledge alone appears to affirm that the US president is the most powerful person among the world’s democratically ruled nations as he is the commander-in-chief of the world’s most modern and most powerful military by any standards and also heads the world’s largest economy. But does he exert the same level of power domestically? The Canadian Prime Minister, on the other hand, is not easily recognizable due to the little role Canada plays on international affairs. Even though the role of the PM is not explained by any legislation or legal document, it is easily the most influential position in Canada’s political system. The President of the US makes several appointments by virtue of his position (Charlton 22). Prior to being sworn in, the elected President is mandated with making more than 6,000 appointments ranging from top officials at national agencies, senior employees at the White House, and top-level ambassadors. In a number of these appointments, he consults with the US Senate. The President is also accorded the power to nominate judges at all levels of the judiciary system. However, the nominees must first be confirmed by Senate, and this can be an obstacle if the Presidents want to work with officials he thinks will share his ideologies. For instance, in January 2012, Senator Robert Menendez of New Jersey objected to President Obama’s nomination of judge Patty Shwartz to the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. However, an agreement was later reached, and the nomination sailed through (Zernike, par. 2). As the leader of the executive, the President must appoint the top officials in all of the major federal agencies such as the CIA, NASA, and the Federal Reserve Board. Previously, the President was mandated to appoint all members of the US civil service. However, the officers are now appointed on merit (Dahl 12). The Canadian Prime Minister, similar to his American counterpart equivalent, also holds several appointment powers. Besides holding the highest role in the Canadian government, the PM has the p
Week One: Basic structure of the entrepreneurship course The first week covered the basic structure of the entrepreneurship course. I learned about the expectations of me as a student and the expectations I could place on the instructors. Three things stood out for me. First, I was very happy that the course has a group project. I have always enjoyed working as part of a group. Therefore, the chance to work with other people was very welcome. Secondly, I realized that the institution takes academic standards very seriously. The fact that a student can only fail in one subject made me realize how hard I will need to work. This was not a problem in any case because I have always believed in hard work. The third issue that stood out for me was the approach that the course has. The goal of the course is to help me to develop an entrepreneurial mindset. This mindset will remain with me in all the things I will ever handle in my career. I am looking forward to the coming weeks as we delve into the subject matter of the course. I understand that it will take hard work to get through. I am ready for it. Week Two: Introduction to Entrepreneurship The highlight of week two for me was one of the definitions of entrepreneurship. The idea that an entrepreneur pursues opportunities without regard to the resources they currently control was quite revealing for me. I think this is the best definition of entrepreneurship that I have ever come across. At the heart of entrepreneurship is a risk. Risk arises from factors beyond the control of the risk-taker. In many cases, these factors include resources, which an entrepreneur needs before launching a product. This makes it a valid assertion that entrepreneurship is the pursuit of opportunities without a sense of limitation caused by a lack of resources. When starting a business, or any other entrepreneurial undertaking, it is important to know that there will always be some resource gaps. These resource gaps do not mean that an idea is not worth pursuing. Bill Gates did not know how big Microsoft would be when he started developing software in a garage. If he set out to develop Microsoft, as we know it today, he could have given up because he did not have the resources needed to set up such a firm. However, by pursuing the opportunities he had at hand, he ended up with one of the best-known IT firms on earth. Week 3: Characteristics of Entrepreneurs In week three, the lesson on entrepreneur types was very interesting. I had come across personality types before. The model I was familiar with was the one that has four basic personality types that are, melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic, and sanguine. However, based on the Briggs-Meyer model I realized there were other ways of looking at personality traits. The most interesting bit was the section where we looked at the different types of entrepreneurs based on their personality types. I tried to evaluate myself based on self-assessment on this model and I realized that I fit quite well as an Organizer/Administrator. I also realized that I had traits, which would fit within other entrepreneur types. However, I feel strongly that my natural predis
Abstract Assuring people of their constitutional rights to privacy in the United States and Canada is a complex task that both nations admit that it is almost impossible to achieve. The gravitational forces for the preservation of the people’s dignity in Canada and the preservation of the people’s liberty at the expense of constitutional downfalls are issues that are propagating excess legal dilemmas in both of these nations. Customer’s zero liability in the instances where there is a considerable breach of personal privacies and considerable financial losses due to an unauthorized collection, use, and disclosure of personal information are still a mere dream for both the Canadians and the Americans. The demand for laws that promote excess freedom from government surveillance is a considerable harm to the American constitution and increased vulnerability to a breach of personal privacy. In the internet purchases and transactions, consumers and online retailers or website operators exchange various forms of information, such as the customer’s preferred payment method, shipping address, and personal information for collection purposes. What tends to worry the American and the Canadian consumers most is the size of primacy that their laws have over these ‘let us alone’ online attitudes. Amendments will be suitable for no one knows when he or she will be a victim. Introduction Since the inception of new technologies that boost business in advertising and instant financial transactions, the world of business has experienced several dilemmatic situations. Across the world, e-commerce is increasingly becoming one of the most relied-upon business advertising and transaction platforms, where sellers and buyers meet through customized websites that support regular online purchasing services. According to DeVries, e-commerce is a modern business practice in which consumers and commercial firms engage in purchases and financial transactions over the Internet or customized websites. 1 Over the past few years, the numbers of e-commerce transactions of both purchases and payments have augmented unprecedentedly following the widespread use of internet across the world. Nonetheless, what worries people most is
(1) Every business requires finances in order to continue operating, make new investments, and expand its operations, or carry out any other activities in which it may have an interest. Many are the times when resources are not readily available and, businesses resort to borrowing in order to finance these activities. Different banks and financial institutions provide varying loan services to their clients/borrowers. The American Bank (n.d) has various financing options, and they are tailored to suit the different needs of the borrowers. The bank offers what it calls ‘term loans’ to businesses that intend to borrow for purposes of acquiring business equipment, real estate, or meet any other needs of the business (The American Bank, n.d). This type of financing targets big businesses and, repayment is on long term basis. It also has construction loans that are offered to businesses wishing to expand their operations. This product is available to small, medium sized and big businesses for purposes of construction. The Small Business Administration loan service targets small businesses, both new and ones that are established. It requires a significantly smaller amount of money as down payment, has attractive interest rates and the repayment period is longer as compared to other loans (The American Bank, n.d). (2) When the Walt Disney Company decided to enter the Chinese entertainment market, it encountered numerous challenges. Overcoming the cultural barrier was one of them (Nickels, McHugh, & McHugh, 2010). The company was concerned that the Chinese would not readily embrace something that was so ‘American’. The company also faced a language problem. Concerns were raised about the possibility of rejection by locals, since they had not been exposed to Walt Disney before, and they also spoke a different language. The company made several decisions in order to overcome these challenges. It hired locals to work on the project, since they knew the local culture, language and they also knew what the Chinese liked and disliked. They were well versed with the tastes of local people and their advice on certain decisions was invaluable. This decision was also made for financial reasons. The company realized that Chinese labor was cheaper than American labor, and, therefore, the project would cost much less if the Chinese were hired (Nickels et al., 2010). (3) Scientific advancements in the Information Technology field have had significant effects on the work environment. These effects range from the way people communicate, interact, and even carry out their duties. Most of the functions have become digitalized, and computer knowledge has become essential for one to work efficiently in this age (Lau, Wong, Chan, and Law, 2011). Communication in the business world has probably been the biggest casualty, and it has changed tremend
Introduction Homeschooling has been a practice followed for centuries around the world. In the 1970s there were around 13000 homeschoolers in the United States (Ray). Recently it has gained extensive media (Ryan; Ryan; Saulny) and academic attention (Bauman; Collom; Ray). The increase in the amount of interest is due to the increased number of homeschoolers in America (Collom). The reasons that have been seen prevalent are religion, the conditions of public school education, individual child care, and elite homeschooling activities. The three are mutually exclusive and cater to a different classes of people. Another aspect that has gained attention is the increasing popularity of homeschooling with the degradation of public schooling in the popular media (Apple). Even though the trend of homeschooling in the US has gained acceptance and popularity, statistical data on the subject is very difficult to compile. The question of data accuracy and validity always exists. Some data is available in the National Home Education Research Institute (NHERI) who has estimated the data to be 2 to 2.5 million children in the US in the year 2007-08 school years who were being homeschooled. NHER’s findings also suggest an increase of 12 percent annually in the number of homeschoolers since 1990 (NHERI). Presently there are estimated to be about 2 million home-schooled students in the US. These numbers demonstrate an increase in the advent of homeschooling in the US. Hence, it is important to understand the reasons behind the phenomenon. Further, there has been an increase in the practice of homeschooling among elites (Saulny), non-whites, and Hispanics (NHERI). Thus, it is important to know what the reasons behind homeschooling are for these people. Do they have the same reason to adopt h
Health Care Issue Health care is complex and combines multiple issues. Human resource is one of the aspects, which has the problem. It is one of the most important elements, which make the health care system effective. This article provides a summary of the chosen issue and its current condition. In addition, it describes the security of the funding. Finally, the possible solutions, changes, and emerging strategies are offered in order to improve the current state in a positive direction. Description Nowadays, human resource management is one of the most vital issues in the health care segment since the workers need to have the ability to meet patients’ expectations and perform high-quality tasks on an everyday basis (Lombardi & Pynes, 2011). Successful planning of the workforce is one of the most significant issues in the health care industry as medical employees play a key role in the health care system. An interesting fact is that the healthcare workforce occupies a significant share of the labor market in the United States (Niles, 2013). Furthermore, the population of elderly people is also growing (Niles, 2013). Consequently, the amount of the required competent personnel will continue growing since more and more patients would need to be consulted and offered a suitable medical treatment. The health systems used to be nationally focused and limited. However, the situation is completely different today since it is the era of globalization (World Health Organization, 2015). Globalization implies the possibility to hire specialists from abroad. This fact brings human resource management to a completely new level, as now it is possible to hire professionals from other countries. It minimizes the costs required for training in specific areas. The growth of the importance of technology has a vital influence on human resource management in the health care sector. A future ability to increase computer involvement in the health care process will help to eliminate costs and reduce the amount of required personnel (Rozenthal, 2014). Another important aspect is the delivery of high-quality health care assistance. The right supervision of the health care employees will help to maintain service on a high level (Ranmuthugala, 2008). Reducing the personnel helps to keep the processes and duties organized. Additionally, the health care expenditure will continue to increase since more patients would need medical attention (Niles, 2013). Consequently, it will result in cost and staff reduction. It can be said that human resource management’s efficiency depends on many crucial aspects. Subsequently, it is hard to separate human resources from the other healthcare issues since they are strongly connected. This relation is seen in both the description and solutions sections of the essay. Funding Security U.S. Department of Health & Human Services provides the fundin
In the current world, multinational enterprises are in a problem increasing labor, health, and environmental standards. This is not only in their operations abroad but also in the operations with their suppliers and the sub-suppliers. There is no well defined guidance for managers concerning what constitutes good labor practice and how it should be put into use (Smith, 2007) The nature of industrial relations policies has been influenced substantially by globalization. This has been followed by employers and also the reduced power of trade unions. Social scientists warn that in the next few decades severe social tensions could arise. The social tension will result from acute economic inequality resulting from the policies. Also, a severe weakening of countervailing power in the society can be seen as well (Meyer, 2005) Taking a case of the Honda motorcycles and scooter India Ltd (HMSI), this involves a situation of major industrial relations (IR) violence during the industrial dispute processing. This company was started in the year 1999, and had three thousand employees in all its plant. The company provided many welfare benefits to the employees and in addition to that it also met its liabilities under different labor laws. It has the same human resource policies as its parent company, HMCL in Japan. These include two fundamental beliefs which are, respect for differences between individuals, and the joy to buy, joy to sell and joy to manufacture (Prakash & Gupta, 2007). In 2006, workers perceived an unfair treatment for the first time, where the management offered a gift of Rs. 600. Since their company was well known, they thought that they deserved a better treatment on that occasion. Other acts of arbitrariness and nepotism practiced by the Indian managers accentuated this feeling. In addition, they felt hurt at the attitude of the Japanese vice-president who kicked a worker one day for being late in joining work. Sermons were offered on their work behavior and the workers never liked it. A high wage difference in HMSI from the Hero-Honda for the same work was noted. Thereafter, they started a campaign for registering the union making demands by forwarding to the management a demand charter. The union formation and registration were stopped by the management but it was all in vain. In 2007, the union registration took place with the active intervention (Prakash & Gupta, 2007). Later in the year, the worst happened when a violent battle erupted between the HMSI workers and the police. The workers had gone to protest against the alleged powers of the HMSI management in what they termed as collusion with the state administration. As a result, the management allowed several concessions to workers on many fronts where the union office bearers were given a chance to work on full-time union work. Even after the losses the workers could get a good amount of money from the management bonus (Prakash & Gupta, 2007). A shift of focus is noticed from the different mo
Analysis of the Case with Different Perspectives The renewable energy is one of the most perspective ways of producing energy, saving environment, and preventing pollution. The beginning of the twenty-first century reflects the concerns of people about the sources of energy, lack of power supply, and importance of reconsidering values and sources of energy that have been established in the last century. As such, it is necessary to review the potential sources of renewable energy and build a project based on well-grounded review of resources and their potential, financial considerations, and other perspectives. As indicated in the study by Lewis and Wiser (2005), Canada did not have a leading domestic company specialized in production of wind energy in the end of the 2004 (p. 7) whereas other countries that are also presented in the market of renewable energy specialized in wind power have one or more domestic leading companies in this branch. Solar energy can be used for the project though As indicated in the article “Achieving long-term sustainability of the energy sector” (2008), “economy relies considerably on energy-based activities whose development has been encouraged by government policies” (p. 100). Besides, solar potential is one of the energy supplies Canada is rich in (“Achieving long-term sustainability,” 2008, p. 102). However, according to the numbers presented, solar photovoltaic energy is not the most widely generated one due to the amount of sunlight. Use of this source of energy is economically and time-sufficient. Wind can be used as a source of renewable energy in Canada because the wind potential is rather high in this country. The engineering economic perspect