ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Background of Grey Water Treatment Pidou et al. (123) note that literature on the treatment of grey water has been there since 1970s. Membrane filtration accompanied with disinfection was among the primary technologies investigated for physical treatment. Biological treatment technologies like the aerated bioreactors rotating biological contactor and biological aerated filters were investigated in the 1980s and 1990s (Pidou et al. 123). During the decade, the simple physical separation procedure fitted in residential places. At the turn of the millennia, MBRs as well as reed beds were introduced as alternatively sophisticated and cheaper technologies. Chemical treatment has also featured in literature, thereafter. Figure 1: A diagrammatic representation of chemical technologies that applies filtration or flotation. Source: Pidou et al. (30) Figure 2: A diagrammatic scheme of a biological wastewater treatment system Source: Chipasa (137) Description of Bio-Processes for Grey Water Treatment Bio-processes in grey water treatment include fixed film reactors, rotating biological contactor, anaerobic filters, sequencing batch reactor, membrane bioreactors, and biological aerated filters (BAF) (Pidou et al. 18). Much of the literature reveals that in most settings bioprocesses hardly operated as standalone unless intended for pilot investigations. Often, sedimentation, disinfection or screenings were installed as physical pre-treatment preceding the bioprocess systems (Pidou et al. 13). In other arrangements bioprocesses with membranes as in the case of activated carbon, MBRs, sand filters or extensive treatment technologies such as constructed wetland (Hastuti, Medawaty and Pamekas 368). The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) technology was a direct improvement of the Fixed Film Activated Sludge Process. At the onset of 1990s, Norway improvised the first MBBR. Thereafter, the corporate behind the invention began setting up small treatment units with design that integrated MBBR as well as the Norwegian State Pollution Control Authority recommendation. In the recent past, there has been proliferations of large plants that apply the MBBR technology thus give the treatment method a big publicity in the wastewater industry. MBBR procedures are undertaken on bio-film systems within heavy carriers, which mix wastewater as well as suspend on the reactor with turbulence. The system occurs between an activated sludge and an immovable bed bio-film system. MBBR boasts most of its strength from activated sludge coupled with bio-film carrier elements that are produced from polyethylene whose density falls below that of water. The elements are modelled to allow a lot of surface area for the bio-film. MBBR treat incoming wastewater through microorganisms that are cultured on bio-carriers that
How did people do the basics: dress, eat, furnish their homes? There were various types of food in London between 1500 and 1700 which included meat, vegetables like turnips and clovers, tea, bread, cheese and gruel, which constituted of boiled oatmeal and butter. In this period, up to six individuals would sleep in a single bed, while in some cases, a bed would not even be available. Furthermore, sisters, cousins, aunts and uncles would share a single room. The houses were made of thatched roofs and did not have any wood on the surface of the house. The dress code constituted of wigs, gowns, aprons, lace caps and skirts which were closed. How did the lifestyle of the wealth differ from that of others? The houses of the wealthy were made of slate floors and had used a provision for a fireplace in the kitchen and sometimes in the main bedroom. The richest individuals in society during these periodate vegetables and rarely took meat. The presence of bacon in an individual’s house was also a symbol of wealth. In addition, the rich had plates which were made of pewter while the poor had plates which were made of wood. Furthermore, the rich were referred to as nobles while the poor were called the commoners, and they paid taxes while the nobles were exempted from tax payments. How did the lifestyle of men differ from that of women? The duties of the women in the 16 th century were cooking, ascertaining the children’s education, making clothes, taking care of livestock and cleaning of the house. Men were involved in the political scene of their specific villages, casual labour and making of farming tools and equipment. The women underwent a lot of difficulties because of multiple pregnancies as it was assumed that their role was to give birth. How did the lifestyle of adults differ from that of children? The children were more vulnerable to disease outbreaks as compared to adults. More so, during this period, the outbreak of various diseases such as the plague claimed the lives of very many infants and children. The dress code for the children was also different from that of the adults since, in most cases, they wore gowns which had some strips on the shoulder. The skirts of the young girls were different from those of women because the girls’ skirts were not split on the front side. How did new patterns of trade affect the lifestyle of Londoners? The lifestyle of the inhabitant
Aristophanes’ described love in Plato’s Symposium as the splitting of beings into two by the god Zeus. The being originally has two pairs of legs, two pairs of hands, two heads, two hearts, and two stomachs. When Zeus splits these beings, he creates two halves of one whole and henceforth begins the race to find one’s better half and to feel whole and complete again. In our society today, we sometimes forget our original purpose of being whole once again and start to love things that are not our better halves. The love of things, animals, and self plagues our existence and our original purpose to be one with our better halves. Society fails to realize that any other love can be destructive when experienced at its extreme. Each array of love that is not directed towards the search of our better half creates ethical dilemmas which intervene in the original meaning of love. The love of things is one of the most plaguing aspects of our society. People these days are so entrenched in the acquisition of things they sometimes forget the important things in life. It is a popular belief in the East that people commit crimes or partake in unethical activities for two reasons: for money and for their kids. The former notion that people will do anything for money is quite universal. A man who wants power through money might rob a bank, a woman who wants to climb up the social ladder might divorce her rich husband for his assets, but a generally good man who has never committed sin will usually go out of his ethical boundaries for his child. A usually good, moral, religious but poor man might pickpockets on the street in an underdeveloped country to buy his child a present that he cannot afford. He would tell himself, ‘for the sake of my child and his happiness.’ A usually good, moral, religious, but rich man might launder money to keep up the lifestyle of his children. He would tell himself, ‘it’s something I have to do for the sake of my child.’ In both cases, the moral man commits a crime for his child. He commits a crime so he can give his child a life that he could not have or wished he would have. What fathers or mothers sometimes forget is that while they are out making money either within or outside of their ethical boundaries to supply their children with things, they lose precious amounts of time that could be spent with the child. A Harper’s Monthly Magazine essayist in the 1930’s wrote: If, through our segmentalized manner of living, the child is deprived of the steadying influence of the parent, it is no less certain that the parent is losing the child. Should I wish really to know my boy or girl (and this will be increasingly true as they grow older), I must go out into the community to gain my knowledge. I must go to the playground supervisor or to the YMCA in order to discover his athletic and social adjustments… What he is, in himself, as apart from all these pigeonholes and compartments, I have no way of knowing. He has ceased to be, for me, and intimately experienced personality but has become a case study. I am no longer a parent, but a social wor
Introduction According to Elkind’s theory of adolescent egocentrism, adolescents tend to return to a psychological state of egocentrism of childhood, where they focus on themselves, their vision of the word, their reality, and their imaginary audience (Galanaki 457). The concept of egocentrism according to Elkind, refers to the youngster’s self-absorption and ability to see the world only from one perspective rejecting others’ ability to make sound judgments (Harvey 15). Also, egocentrism is the very factor that causes a young person to think that no one in the world can understand his or her situation, and decide what is good for him or her (Banerjee et al. 375). Elkind’s manifestations of adolescent egocentrism are multiple; however, here only two of them will be addressed: arguments and imaginary audiences (Duell, Icenogle, and Steinberg 263). Below, the two cases illustrating the two manifestations of adolescent egocentrism will be narrated. Case 1 Arguments are manifestations of egocentrism since a youngster is trying to demonstrate his or her ability to make decisions and use one’s judgment to resolve problems (Rai et al. 14). Donna, aged sixteen, is now a huge concern for her parents because of the problem of the argument. They continue to wonder what happened since she was a normal kid, and they never had issues with her behavior and obedience. However, currently, the situation has changed. Donna seems to protest against the entire world around her. She hardly listens to anyone’s recommendations. She is driving too fast and has friends who are irrefutably a bad company for her and can cause many troubles. When Donna’s parents are trying to warn her about the consequences of her actions, she begins to argue that her vision is right and parent are not able to understand how mistaken their position is and how badly they influence her preventing from a chance to be happy about what she is doing and the decisions she is making. Donna insists that her parents should leave her alone and just let her be happy. Case 2 The concept of an imaginary audience implicates that a young man believes that he or she is the center of everyone else’s attention and the entire world seems to follow one and constantly make evaluations of one’s deeds, looks, choices, and behaviors (Somerville 127). A case of fourteen-years-old Mark is the vivid illustration explanation of this concept. The young man had a normal childhood with many friends around him. Currently, Mark believes that others are constantly watching and judging him even if there are no indications they do so. He is constantly looking to find if anyone else is watching him. It seems that he began to spend too much time in front of the mirror checking his clothing, hair, and face. Another problem is that Mark appears to be addicted to his mobile phone constantly checking it for messages or missed calls. There is a similar problem with social networks, where Marks spend the biggest part of the day. Mark even has a sleep disturbance problem because he is always concerned that someone can write so
Reliant energy services inc. is an international company that provides energy in the United States of America. Recently, the company was charged for interfering with the energy market in the State of California which was as result of manipulation. The investigation that was carried out onto the allegations brought up by the residents of a town in the State of Texas against the company and a number of its officers were proven beyond reasonable doubt. The district attorney-general concluded that the business practices amounted to criminal activities and that company was therefore answerable to criminal charges. The company’s actions were tantamount to crime because they violated laws concerning commodity therefore, they were subject to statutory penalty for the felony of commodity manipulation. More so, the company was found guilty of conducting wire transfer frauds. Therefore, the Reliant energy services inc. committed a felony as they knew very well the rules and regulations governing the commodity pricing. At the same time WorldCom Telecommunication Company was in court facing charges for crimes it had. Committed, with the chief officer by the name Ebbers who had been charged with several counts of Crimes, the nature of his crime led to the eventual closure of the company due to fraud involving colossal amount of money to projects that never benefited the company. Though, Ebbers claimed to have no knowledge in accounting, it was obvious that he used his juniors to commit the crime of defrauding the company of money (Scott, 2006). All the crimes he committed with his fellow workers as his accomplices were all counted as felonies; this is especially so because the company workers used the guise of their positions to defraud investors edge out fellow competitors out of business and finally led to the collapse of the company. The factors considered when delivering the penalties included; the seriousness of the crimes, the companies past history on issues regarding such crimes, and the prevalence of the similar crimes the companies had committed. Electronic contracting involves the use of electronic transactions with the use of electronic signatures instead of the normal handwritten signatures and hard copy records. Therefore given that the rate of technological demands are growing high there is need to ensure the legality of these electronic contrasting. More so cost incurred when preparing paper contracts like stationary is bound to come down by embracing the Electronic contracting and this will cut down on transaction costs. Electronic contracting is bound to change the nations business as this will phase out the traditional paper contracts that we have been used to. This will give the businesses a competitive edge over other competitors. Moreover, electronic contracting will bring efficiency, speed and save on time used signing paper contracts, of more benefit will the reduction of crimes committed through false fully manipulated signatures in paper contracts. Electronic sig
At a glance, the painting depicts people swimming on the raft. Their faces are exhausted, and it seems that they have been swimming for weeks or even months. The raft is almost broken, but still it is controlled by people. Some of the people are desperately trying to find the way home whereas others lost their hope in front of death. While looking at the painting once again, I have noticed that the raft is surrounded by high waves that could break the raft any moment because almost all wood boards are damaged, and it is clear that victims of the storm will never return home. The figures presented in the background look more confident and ambitious; they are looking for the earth. People in the foreground look extremely tired and hopeless. It also seems that the sailors were the members of the crew, but their ship was eventually wrecked. Those who managed to survive built a raft and decided to move forward until they reached the coast. Although there is a hope for survival, the dark wave to the left of the raft seems to smash the raft. So, when I looked at this wave, I was a bit shocked because the painting represents the moment before all people will die. Apart from the plot, figures, and background, I also noticed the tones and colors that the artist used to deliver the message. Most of the colors are warm and pale; even the sea is not of usual color. The pallet of the painting is predominated by brown, yellow, red, and grey colors. I have also noticed that people depicted on the raft are painted in much lighter colors whereas the background is presented in dark tones. Despite the contrast, there is a smooth transition between lights and shadows. I have also looked at each member of the crew to notice that each person has completely different impressions on his/her face. In particular, there is an old man in the foreground whose face reflects inevitability and hopelessness in front of the nature. He holds a dead man on his knees. His skin is darker than that of other people surrounding him. The man’s head is covered with a kind of red headscarf; so, he is the only one who wears red clothes. The rest of the crew wears predominantly white colors. Most of the survived are almost naked. Emotionality versus calmness makes the painting more dramatic and tragic. The contrasts are also seen in representation of the sea and the sky. Hence, the sky in the upper right corner is as dark as the sea to the left of the raft. At the same time, the diagonal contrast is presented while depicting the raft and the people on it. There is also bright dawn right behind the sail. Once again, the contrast between the rising sun and the dark sail is represented by the artist. In total, although the colors are smooth and pale, the picture shocks me a bit. Further observations are focused on contrast presented in the artistic piece. This is of particular concern to expressions on sailors’ faces. Some of the survived were full of anxiety and fear of confronting the storm whereas oth
ECE experts have, for a long time, expressed the need for creating comprehensive and strategic systems that would lead to the growth and sustainability of early childhood care and education in the future. The experts assert the need to go beyond collaboration and coordination among policymakers, government service providers and regulators, to building a system that provides equitable, accessible, and quality early childhood services. Goffin & Martella (2011) explain that building such an effective ECE system calls for governance, which provides a legal framework and authority to compel the sector players to implement the strategies required to develop and maintain a sustainable system. Governance has been touted as the essential component of ECE and as the key to providing a unifying structure of joining segmented programs into one sustainable and coherent system that works for the greater good. The Three Phases of ECE Governance Over the years, ECE governance has evolved in three distinct phases: programmatic approach, coordination and collaboration, and moving towards shared responsibility and accountability. Phase I (Programmatic Approach) is the first phase prior to the 1960s. During this phase, governance was characterized by a lack of system perspective and was limited to the governance of individual programs. The narrow view of governance during this phase resulted to issues of lack of coordination of service delivery and resulted in fragmented programs faced today. Phase II (Coordination and collaboration) is the second phase occurring between the mid-1980s to 1990s. The second phase focused on cooperation (which was lacking in the first phase) and collaboration efforts to bring together sponsors and providers of different programs for the purpose of achieving a common goal. The coordination efforts resulted to what is now commonly referred to as children’s cabinets, which are responsible for promoting coordination across agencies. Phase III (Moving towards Shared Responsibility and Accountability) is the latest phase in ECE governance. The lack of legal authority and accountability in the second phase led to emergence of Phase III at the beginning of the 21 st century. Phase III was motivated by the recognition of need to enhance governance structures to increase equity, efficiency and accountability. The third phase is characterized by a more concerted effort to building a comprehensive system that eliminates fragmentation of programs, while strengthening new government agencies such as commissions, task forces and work groups that have been created specifically to enhance early childhood education The Three versions of Administrative Integration There are various versions of administrative integration that have been implemented by various states as part of “within government’ structural changes aimed at effectively governing early education services and programs. For example, the states of Massachusetts, Georgia and Washington have ad
Salesforce.com applied cloud computing in several ways. One of these ways included the use of contemporary Saleforce.com web site that focused on cloud computing and grading of commodities into three basic forms of clouds, namely; custom clouds, sevice cloud and sales cloud. The firm applied both Sales and Service clouds in enhancing client related services. The firm also utilized the Force.com to enable its clients comes up with personal applications for utilization within the wider firm’s network. That is the Force.com offered both IT services and tools that gave clients the capability to tailor their customer relationship management applications. The firm also collaborated with Amazon to allow its clients exploit Amazon’s cloud computing services that controlled cloudburst computing functions of the Force.com applications that needed additional processing power and storage ability. The firm also offered a platform that enabled its clients come up with and ran business softwares and websites that were five times faster and at the partial cost of non-cloud options. Notable challenges experienced by the Force.com included heightened competition from both conventional industry leaders and contemporary companies that attempted to copy the firm’s success. The firm also faced the challenge of demonstrating to its clients that it was dependable and safe enough to manage their corporate data and applications remotely. The firm had service outages that had immensely affected the clients’ transactions. The firm also experienced the challenge of becoming equal and also reaching the market share of its larger rivals such as IBM and SAP. Lastly, the firm experienced the challenge of security breach through the hacking of the corporate passwords. These exposed its clients to authentic torrent of highly beleaguered scams and hacking trials (Velte, Velte, Velte, & Elsenpeter, 2009). In order to resolve the challenges, Salesforce.com provided tools to guarantee clients about its system dependability and also consequently provided personal computer applications into the firm’s service that enabled clients to work offline thereby eradicating the problem of frequent outages. In order to cushion its clients from security threats such