ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Aims of the Dissertation This should include ‘to investigate the following hypothesis or to answer the following research question(s)’. With the same then specified as bullet points. Among the variety of aims that have to be achieved in the process of writing a dissertation, it is necessary to define the following objectives:   * To comprehend the reasons of why African American communities, face a number of challenges in the clinic trials;   * To identify the consequences of such low level of participation in the chosen community;   * To define how social aspects like the chosen style of life, living conditions, or time limitations may influence African Americans’ participation in clinic trials;   * To introduce the cultural issue and the difficulties which are developed on the cultural field;   * To comprehend how the presence of volunteers influence the general state of affairs concerning African Americans’ participation in clinic trials;   * To evaluate how African Americans, suffer due to such inequality and inabilities to become worthwhile participants of clinic trials. In fact, proper and clear definition of writing aims helps to start writing and to clear up what results have to be expected from the work done and what may happen in case some steps are taken in a wrong way. What is more important, the evaluation of aims introduces a good way of how the work has to be organized from the very beginning. The main research question of the dissertation is connected to the level of African Americans’ participation in clinic trials and the reasons of why this level is not as high as it has to be (Anderson, 2000; Bordas, 2007; Early, 2006). To evaluate the theme of clinic trials and African Americans participation, it is necessary to pay much attention to social and cultural aspects of conditions under which the chosen community lives. It is not enough to identify the problem and its causes but also to focus on solving these problems and improving the situation. Methodology This section is about how you propose to answer the questions above or to investigate the hypothesis. A pilot study is recommended before using a questionnaire with the main sample. Feasibility Have you got the resources necessary – e.g. access to data –consent from your firm – some indication of the willingness of subjects to be questioned or interviewed? The theme under consideration may be investigated in a number of different ways. First, the sources available online may be used: Internet magazines, articles, and books. Second, being a member of the local library, it is possible to find enough reliable info there. And finally, personal investigations help to observe the style of life supported by African Americans and the challenges they face nowadays. Each of the above-mentioned sources has its own positive and negative sides: the Internet sources are available 24/7, this is why there are no time limitations and restrictions, the only weakness is connected to the impossibility to be
Usually, the most common security feature found in mobile phones is the phone tracing feature in case the instrument has been misplaced, lost or stolen. Another simple security feature is the phone lock code or the pin lock code. Apart from these, the majority of the phone users are not concerned with any security features. The probable explanation for this behaviour is that till now not many companies have ventured into the field of mobile security and as such, people are not aware of any such products. Even if there are any companies into this field, they have not been able to garner the customer base due to lack of general awareness. Otherwise, there are millions of people who would like to opt for mobile security software. We plan to generate this awareness by floating various advertisements in different media such as newspapers, local television channels, and hoardings at prominent public places like railway stations, bus stations etc. We also plan to conduct some presentations in different localities. Due to the incessant technological advancements, so many different features are being added to mobile phones that they have been named ‘smart phones’. Starting with a simple call making and receiving feature, today mobile phones have features like computing, data storing, internet browsing, e-mailing, video shooting, net-banking, etc. Mobile phone has become a sort of hand held computer. When such important functions are carried out by mobile phones, it is but obvious that there should be some kind of security so that the stored data is not misused. The need of the hour is some security application that can perform mainly the following four functions:  1. The user should be able to remotely delete all the stored data in case of the mobile being stolen or lost.  2. The application should be able to backup the data automatically on a daily basis. And whenever required, the user should be able to restore the data.  3. The most important feature that should be in a mobile security application is that whenever a user opens any particular file, his/her identity should be confirmed.  4. The security application should be able to scrutinize all the incoming messages through the service provider and through Bluetooth as well. There is no particular age bracket or specific gender that can be considered being more inclined towards using mobile security application or software. It depends on the profile of an individual or the kind of job that he/she does. Normally, the security aspect is more vital for people who store data on their mobiles. This is done by professionals, students, business people, etc. But since the mentioned categories are more or less age specific, the inclination can be related to the age. But it is difficult to differentiate the inclination with regard to the gender. Today’s women are standing shoulder to shoulder with males. Unlike earlier years, today even girls go to schools; there are women professionals as well as business women. It should be understood that different categories of people use their smart phones for different purposes
Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was enacted into law in 2002 to respond to the various financial scandals that were taking place in the for-profit corporate sector of the United States. The act was meant to address the abuse of finances and accounting standards by companies such as Adelphia, Enron and WorldCom where the executives of these companies defrauded their shareholders, their employees and the US economy of billions of dollars. Once it was enacted, SOX was meant to introduce major changes to the corporate governance and financial management of capital in many corporations within America. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act or the SOX act of 2002 was developed by Senator Paul Sarbanes and House Representative Michael Oxley and it contains eleven sections which outline the responsibilities of chief executive officers as well as financial controllers in managing the finances of a company (Morgan et al, 2008). Examination of the SOX Act of 2002 Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, companies that are publicly traded in the US are required to increase their internal financial and accounting controls after personal clarification with the chief executive and chief financial officers of the company. This is meant to strengthen the auditing, accounting and financial practices of the company. The act also requires for-profit corporations in the country to increase their external controls through enhancing the duties and responsibilities of the audit committee. The act also states that chief financial controllers and auditors need to provide supporting evidence that will be used to whistleblow on the abuse of company funds (Morgan et al, 2008). The SOX bill does not apply to privately held companies as many of the laws deal with the management of shareholder, corporate and public funds which are usually common in publicly traded companies. The new and enhanced standards within the SOX Act deal with additional responsibilities for the corporate board and chief executive officers of most organizations as well as the introduction of
Love conquers all, an old byword says, and the recent novel adaptation, the famous Twilight Saga is a perfect proof for the fact that true love cannot be defeated. Rendering a number of ideas and topics, the movie offers a plethora of food for thoughts and provides a detailed description of a completely different world – the world of vampires. Even though the movie balances between a fairytale and a real-life story, there can be no possible doubt that the Twilight Saga offers a modern interpretation of the famous Shakespearean play; however, taking less time, timeless classics proves to be doubtlessly deeper and more complex. Basing partially on the plot of Romeo and Juliet story and partially on the problems that modern teenagers face, The Twilight Saga offers a number of issues that are quite topical nowadays, such as the hardships of being different, and dwells upon the great Everlasting Love and the famous Happily Ever After, yet is seemingly shallow in dealing with each of the issues. The movie sends the audience into a typical American setting, where a typical American teenage girl meets a mysterious young man of her age. The latter turns out to be a vampire, yet belonging to the family of “vegetarian” ones, consuming the blood of animals only. Naturally, the young people fall in love, yet the gang of “bad” cannibal vampires arrive to kill Bella and her family. However, the young people save the day, and the movie ends with the couple dancing and one of the enemy vampire girls casts an envious look at Bella. Telling the story of the touching relationships between a young girl, Bella, and her new acquaintance, mysterious Edward, who further on proves to be an incarnation of Count Dracula, a dreadful vampire, is quite enticing. However, one must admit that the idea of mixing the incompatible beings into a love story is already dead at the arrival, since the idea of comprising the incompatible presupposes certain element of motion and activity, which the movie lacks, thus, making the plot more narrowed. Does being a vampire presuppose being a dawdling silent dummy? Edward is suffering, but he does nothing. Bella is suffering, but she does nothing. Edward’s family sees the threat that the main characters are facing – but they do nothing. It seems that the movie will reach
Maude Barlow and Tony Clarke are both activists of preservation of the ecosystem and in this book, they establish a common theme: The world is running out of fresh water. The authors, however, bring into focus the following strong points: the effects of water pollution created by industrial wastes, control of water by corporate institutions, and privatization of fresh water. Maude Barlow and Tony Clarke educate the populace on the critical importance of fresh water and report on issues that can help conserve this precious commodity. Theme: The world is running out of water This is the main message that is driven across by the authors. The authors however, acknowledge that some industrialized countries in the 21 st century have worked hard to conserve water. Barlow and Clarke assert that “unlike people living in the urban, industrialized nations of the 21 st century, most humans throughout history knew that their water resources could run out…” (3). However, the authors insist that it is the corporate control that is threatening the running out of water. “Corporate control of the world’s water resources and distribution systems is a threat to the well-being of humans around the world because water is fundamental to life” (Barlow & Clarke 4). The authors make a point that there is availability of water, but this may not be celebrated for long. This means that while it is common knowledge that water is essential to the living of humans, some corporate organization are going their own ways to deplete this precious commodity. However, as would be noted in the discussion that follows, the authors fail in some aspect to bring out the much needed elements on water conservation. Water pollution by organizations The authors point out that it is the corporate organizations that are the enemies of water conservation and prevalence of fresh water. Some of these companies are technological companies; for example, the computer industries. The argument furthered by the authors is that there is need to put such kind of companies on notice on the need to conserve water since “… the high-tech computer industry has also become a key target in campaigns against water pollution in places like Silicon Valley and Phoenix, Arizona” (Barlow & Clarke, 196). This point is strong in that it points out the need to control the proliferation of companies whose aims are to deplete fresh water while polluting water. Barlow & Clarke (195) quote, “In recent years, the proliferation of industrial hog farms has also become a major issue for water-quality campaigns.” This point is strong in the sense that awareness is raised to relevant authorities on the need to control such a proliferation of companies that are not mindful of possible running out of fresh water. However,
Showing a political conflict through a personal drama is not an easy task, especially when introducing a period in history of a state whose culture and traditions are exotic to Europe and the U.S. However, Zhang Yimou has managed to do a very decent job of portraying the history of the Great Leap Forward period by telling a story of a typical Chinese family and the relationships between typical people. By incorporating impressive and very realistic visuals, that allow for sinking into the Chinese culture, together with the description of the Chinese family values and traditions shown through the interaction between Fugui, Jiazhen, and their children, as well as the elements pointing at the obvious political conflict (i.e., the striking contrast between Fugui’s poverty and the wealth of Long’er), Yimou has managed to create a unique and very vivid interpretation of the Great Leap Forward and its effect on the Chinese people. The movie has a very distinct relation to the Confucian philosophy. As a matter of fact, the environment in which the lead characters live is pretty close to the ones in which the Confucian teaching was started. According to the existing historical accounts, Confucianism was started in the so-called Spring and Autumn Period (Wang 253), when the whole state was literally torn apart by the discrepancies in the foreign and domestic policies due to the atomism of the state. Offering family and religion as the stronghold of China, Confucianism, therefore, stressed the importance of family and its values, which is nowhere shown as graphically as in To Live . Though Fugui starts out as a gambler, he finally realizes the true value of a family: “’What did you name our son?’ – ‘Don’t Gamble’” ( To Live ). As his son dies due to a freak accident, he comforts his wife and turns into a real head of the family, therefore, seeing its members through the crisis. The movie also renders a number of issues concerning the movements in China of the time. To Live portrays the independent movement in a very efficient manner. Yimou makes it clear that people were fighting for a cause: “If I weren’t looking for my brother, I wouldn’t be wearing this uniform” ( To Live ). Another great scene, in which Fugui talks to his son about the way in which every single element of life is intertwined, should be mentioned. Speaking of what happens to the chickens when they grow up, Fugui actually creates a big metaphor for Chin: “Little Bun won’t ride on an ox…he’ll ride trains and planes… and life will get better and better” ( To Live ). This scene summarizes the transformation of China in a nutshell. Though the state had to pass through a number of painful moments, it still needed this w
Environmental pollution is one of the central issues discussed by professionals in many fields. Economists are also involved in this discussion as they try to react to challenges of the modern business world. Don Fullerton and Sarah E. West explore efficiency of the Pigovian tax imposed on individual cars’ emissions. The researchers stress that the tax is not efficient as it is based on gas emissions mainly. At the same time, the authors develop an ideal Pigovian tax that addresses environmental issues more effectively. Notably, many countries have benefited from the use of this type of taxation. Thus, it has been estimated that gas pollutants emissions have decreased by about 6% which can be regarded as a good (though quite modest) result (Alford 127). US taxation associated with gasoline has been a topic of a heated debate lately. Many researchers note that US taxes are inadequate as they do not address all the issues involved. Notably, the issue has a significant political component as politicians are trying to avoid increasing the tax as this measure is unlikely to be supported by voters (Kolbert). People still prefer driving their cars and the economic constraints make them more sensitive to the increase in any taxes which results in development of a certain public opinion on the matter. Nonetheless, I believe it is more important to focus on the economic component of the issue rather than its political or any other side. For instance, it is clear that the US gasoline tax does not include all the externalities and focuses on emissions only (Mankiw 19). However, the problem is multifaceted and it needs a more complex approach. Many economists emphasize that existing federal taxes are too low to be efficient w
Utopianism In his 1984 writing, Orwell (p.10) indicates how the societies fight to archive utopianism. There are high hopes that the current settings of the twenty-first century and the predictable future of governance will be sustainable and responsible especially on issues of cultural identity and preservation. As predicted in ‘1984’ by Orwell (p.10), the current major threat to humanity is lack of enough support for local uniqueness and distinctiveness. People have not yet embraced the need for cultural enrichment in their day-today lifestyles. According to him (p.2), the future holds possibilities for more personal, meaningful and understandable relationship or the need to understand the social cultural settings in a better way. Utopia destiny is a collection of ideas for a sustainable future. Lifestyles Orwell (p.12), sparks ideas that are more creative and that inspire ambitions for better lifestyles and techniques of governance. Human lifestyle will need less governance by rules and more enhancement of behaviour, unlike the past when people did not exhibit thoughts. This is well depicted from the character of Watson who was an official, whose role was diminished by the totalitarian rule at airstrip one. The situation at England forces Watson to confine personal thoughts to private writings, away from the telescreen (Orwell, p.3). Governance Most of current work-tools such as the television, surveillance webcams, cell phones and listening appliances relate to the telescreen due to easy manipulation and ability to preach propaganda. These unnecessary political wrangles make officials to behave in a definite and similar manner of thoughts and actions. The type of governance in his writing tries to limit information from publicity, just like the current government. The public in certainly not sure of the way government officials utilize fund allocations. The government often conceal the required transparency, and citizens never know what the head of state does every day due to limited form of communication. There is however some improvements due to the media freedom thus the reason why we are able to know majority of the details that can affect governance such a good example was the Lewinsky-Clinton incident in the white house. Recording of thought by state officials such as Watson was
Violence has become very rampant among the youths especially those in the adolescent stage between the age of 12 and 19. This can be attributed to several factors as this essay will show. It should be remembered that this is the stage in which one is trying to break away from childhood and establish his own identity. Do parents, school and individuals’ personality have a bearing on an adolescent predisposition to violence or otherwise? Failure to understand these three aspects has led to wrong social interventions that have even being harmful. For purposes of organization, this essay will be divided into several numbered parts. Title and full citation This report is informed by the reading of a book called “Youth violence: A report of the Surgeon General”. More specifically, the report will analyze chapter 4 titled “Risk factors for youth violence.” Summary of the book The book explains that violence among adolescents increase when they attain the age of 10. It gets worse when they are around 18 and lessens as they approach their early adulthood. Some adolescents carry this violent behavior from their childhood. Out of a hundred adolescents, 50 get involved in violence when they are between the age of 15 and 19. Several reasons can be given as to why violence begins at this age. In development, several emotional and physical changes occur. This alters the way and pattern in which the young person was relating with others. The adolescent yearns for liberty and aspires to be seen differently. He also wants competencies that would help him adapt to the wider world. This is when he begins to negotiate rules that he had followed before thereby creating potential conflict with the parents. Similarly, he gets more friends who take over the place of his parents. Acclimatizing to the changes in status, social contexts, and relationships may generate stress to adolescents. The stress may emanate from feelings of anger, rejection, and despair which may be real or perceived. Failure to live up to the expectations of the society (its norms and rules), parents, teachers, and even peers may lead to feelings of inadequacy. In order to regain this respect and get attention, the adolescents engage in violence. They may also plunge into violence as a way of rejecting the adult world and its rules. Though not a guarantee, better relations between parents and children will have a positive effect on the often difficult transition to adolescence. Exposure of adolescents to domestic violence makes them emotionally vuln