ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The issue of cultural diversity expresses itself in two theories. The first theory assumes that all people irrespective of culture, race, religion, or any other factor would “melt” together in one common culture, which will be that of the new society (assimilation theory). The second theory assumes different groups of people keep their cultures and differences but live together respecting each other values in one new society (multicultural theory). Although many white Americans believe in the first theory, evidence suggests that most immigrants and minorities tend to keep their original cultural beliefs. In this case, multicultural theory becomes a challenge that needs facing in all aspects of management including health care (Leer, 2006). The findings of Nugent and colleagues, 2002, showed that the cultural diversity of the healthcare working force reflects the nation’s cultural diversity and is probably matching that of patients. With changing demographic pattern of the population, healthcare management has to narrow the gap in healthcare disparities. They also suggested the challenge with increasing nursing workforce diversity in particular mandates a coordinated action in all fields of the nursing profession, mainly training and education. Despite the fact showed the American Hospital Association (2002) (after Leer 2006) that the healthcare workforce is not a typical representation of diversity in the society, yet cultural diversity of healthcare professionals represent a problem for management. Another aspect of the problem is the nation needs to increase cultural diversity in general healthcare to meet the cultural diversity of patients from different cultures and aesthetic groups. Thus, efforts are needed to persuade minority groups to join healthcare, particularly the nursing, profession. Dorga and Carter-Porkas, 2005, conducted a qualitative study to probe how different workers in healthcare view the outcome of cultural diversity teaching in medical education. They took a semi-structured questionnaire to 61 individuals working in the healthcare field including students and beneficiaries. Analysis of their results showed the following:  1. The answers to the question of cultural diversity teaching affects practice are shown in table (1). Most
Introduction The welfare system is called to provide social support services to people who are in need of healthcare, employment benefits, and so on. The government uses taxes paid by employees and employers to assist citizens with their needs. According to the article by Shorto (2009), the Netherlands and the US has rather different welfare systems. This paper focuses on identifying healthcare, unemployment benefits, and other related issues in these countries’ systems. Main body First of all, the amount of paid taxes should be noted. If the author of the article identifies 52 percent as the amount established in Holland, he notes that 35 percent of the income should be allocated to taxes (Shorto, 2009). However, it is essential to clarify that the former contains all the taxes, including social security and local taxes. If one would sum all US taxes, it is likely to be approximately 52 percent. More to the point, it is stated that the Dutch government returns significant funds on children and vacation issues, considering that even unemployed people should rest to prevent depression. This shows that the government tries to cover every citizen so that they feel protected and engaged in society. On the contrary, unemployed US citizens may receive only eponymous benefits. It goes without saying that America also strives to eliminate poverty and increase the overall amount of the income received by employees. Nevertheless, the situation remains critical, and many people have to live in poor and criminogenic areas, which creates additional social challenges. It should also be emphasized that currently, the US government cannot ensure that every citizen feels safe and has everything he or she needs in terms of the appropriate standard of living. For example, many social programs are unavailable to them due to age, living conditions, et cetera. The Netherlands’ social welfare system may be described as the effective combination of socialism and capitalism, where the former is expressed in care about people and the latter in the market. The country has plenty of orphanages, hospitals, and social support organizations, which are driven by religion and the local culture. For se
Introduction University students in the United States are often burdened with several responsibilities and expectations. Students have to contend with the burdens of starting their careers, difficult and tasking course works and strained financial circumstances. Furthermore, university students often start discovering about the realities of being an adult during their tenure as scholars. Most students also face the issues of taxes, lifestyles, and income levels when they are pursuing their university education. Taxation applies to all citizens in the United States directly and indirectly, including university students. However, as per America’s constitutional spirit, the level of taxation varies depending on an individual’s social and economic outlook. Currently, University students pay taxes in several forms. This is despite the fact that University students face several economic, social, and lifestyle handicaps. The payment of taxes by university students undermines several scholarly, developmental, and personal issues. Students pay taxes for several years, and this move is often prompted by the argument that the government provides valuable services to university scholars. In addition, it is argued that students are free to earn money just like the rest of American citizens. However, doing away with student-taxes would be of great benefit to students and their guardians. Some of these benefits are of financial or educational nature. This paper is a proposal against the payment of taxes by university students. Overview of the Problem The problem of double taxation Most university students are not self-sufficient, and they have to depend on their parents and other guardians for financial support. Consequently, several students operate on ‘hand-outs’ as they do not ‘make’ any money. Taxation seeks to focus on the people who make money and not on the liquidity of individuals. Nevertheless, parents and guardians give money to their children after the government has already taxed this income. On the other hand, university students do not use this money for any other purpose except for catering for their subsistence and fees-payment. For instance, students do not engage in any income-generating ventures using the money that they are given by their parents and guardians. Using this argument as a preamble, it would be justified to consider this move as ‘double taxation’ of students. Students cannot receive tax returns because of their parents’ tax remissions. According to the Harvard University’s student information website, you can only “file for a Federal income tax return if you receive a specified amount of gross income for the calendar year” (Federal Information for Domestic Students). Most students do not satisfy the requirements of qualifying for a tax return based on their income levels. In most cases, taxing students becomes double taxation because students pay taxes on money that had already been taxed through their parents
Choose one of the social, political, or economic reforms in Western or Eastern Europe between 1980-1991. What is the legacy of this reform? One of the most prominent political reforms that took place in Eastern Europe in the end of the 20th century was decentralization. When the Cold War ended, and the Berlin Wall was torn down, new opportunities opened for the countries that had been ruled by the Soviet Union for many decades. National movements in Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Albania, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria, were intended to reach independence and become free of the communist regime. 1 2 While the centralization, which marked the post-war era in Eastern Europe, seemed like a good solution in the 1950s, it became obvious that the regime failed to bring prosperity for the people. Thus, by 1980s, massive decentralization efforts were being taken in many Eastern European states. 3 The legacy of the reform was the creation of new independent countries in Eastern Europe, which opened new opportunities both for their citizens and international collaboration. Inspired by the example of pioneers of anti-communist movement in the late 1980s, a few more states, including Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, and Baltic countries, declared their intention to leave the Soviet Union in 1991. Although gaining independence was a positive change for many Eastern European states, they were struggling to gain political and economic stability for many years, as well as it did in Western Europe. 4 According to researchers, the fall of the communist regime was not inevitable. 5 However, many problematic issues arose as a result of decentralization in Eastern Europe. 6 Thus, the long-awaited “return to Europe,” which was a priority for Eastern Europeans, required much more time and effort. 7 Read Ash’s “Berlin: Walls End” about the tearing down of the Berlin Wall. How does the tearing down of the Berlin Wall contrast with all the instances of division created by European governments throughout the 20th Century? The fall of the Berlin Wall, which marked the end of the Cold War in 1989, was a prominent event not only for Berliners in particular and Germans in general but also for the whole Europe. The “magic” that filled every heart with joy and happiness signified the disintegration of the East German regime and allowed people from both sides of the Wall to meet after twenty-eight years of separation. 8 While the most vivid outcome of the Wall’s fall was noticed in the dimension of unification, it is necessary to discuss the instances of division created by European governments throughout the 20th century. The Berlin Wall served as an example of how such divisions could be resumed, and their aftermath – resolved. The most noticeable process of the late 1980s was the breakdown of socialism, the political system created by the Soviet Union. 9 The “iron curtain” became dismantled in several Eastern European countries in 1989, leading to new opportunities for people to work and travel. 10 Where
Etiology of the Lesion Pitting edema is mostly caused by either local conditions including the affected parts or systemic diseases, this means that the diseases affect different body systems. The most often systematic disorders related with pitting edema include the kidneys, liver, and heart, and in these common diseases, pitting edema takes place mainly due to the retention of excess amount of salt in the body. Too much salt (sodium chloride) triggers the body to hold water and this water later enters the interstitial tissue gaps that cause swelling called pitting edema (Williams 565). Pitting edema is usually caused by heart failure, diabetes, and venous incompetence that bring about heart illness that then result in pitting edema. Pitting edema is only an expression of a general illness and the general local states that bring about pitting edema are thrombophlebitis (inflammation appearing in the veins) and varicose of the interior veins that are found in the legs. These situations may cause insufficient supply of the blood by the veins (venous deficiency) and the following raised back-pressure in the veins of the legs and stresses the fluid to remain in the ankles and feet or other extremities. Too much fluid in these extremities then seeps into the interstitial organs’ gaps and leads to the pitting edema. Pitting edema can take place during the period of pregnancy since would-be women have a higher amount of fluid flowing in the body tissues and organs, and since they have higher probability to retain more fluid than in the normal days. Pregnant woman may also undergo postpartum edema and the wall of the blood vessel is damaged and may not retain equilibrium required by the body organs. Macroscopic and Microscopic Findings Macroscopic results in pitting edema consist of swelling, along with the loss of flexibility of the lungs that are pit of pressure and turns to be paler than the usual state. Too much amount of serous liquid is displayed in the cut area of the lung and usually, collections of fluid exist in the parenchyma and alveoli. Microscopic findings include the point that in all body organs or tissues are observed severe inflammatory foci and variable amounts of parasitic pseudocysts and the foci contain various eosinophils and in the most commonly and greatly injured body organ. The liver also reports a fatty degeneration or paranchymatous and severe spelenitis is most frequently reported. There is prolonged dent when a thumb is pressed on the surface affected with pitting edema, and the dent will stay for sometime before coming back as usual. Symptoms, Signs and Lab Findings The signs and symptoms of pitting edema include fever, dysphagia, distention, jugular vein, and pericardial friction rub. Other symptoms are non productive cough, orthopnea, dyspnea, and pain experienced in the chest (Williams 565). Hypertension can also be experienced by patients with patting edema. When a finger is pressed on th
The global society is dynamic and different communities appreciate distinct quality of services under the spectral view of human service professionals. In this case, the experts face a proficient ethical obligation that involves providing high quality travail among individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. The healthcare industry spans disparate specialists whose role contribute to the well-being of effective treatment strategies (O’Hare, 2020). It is crucial to establish the distinctive duties and responsibilities of the entities. The different categories of aces in the field of medicine include psychiatrists, counselors, physicians, and social workers. The identification of the tasks across the skills-endowed portfolio features the prominent factor improved welfare among the clients. Human service professionals focus on the identification of the needs of a client and determining the solution. An excellent example enshrines a psychiatrist whose main role involves the assessment of the mental and psychological needs. The visitation of a patient to the specialist enshrines the evaluation of healthy state of the phrenic element in a person (Alston & Bowles, 2020). It is a distinct division of operations within the setting due to the provision of solutions to the effective recovery of an individual from the cognitive conditional disorders. In a different spectrum, the physician ‘s role is a multidimensional structure of activities and operations within a hospital setting. On the one hand, the professional diagnoses the patient, assess the medical history, and determine the prescriptions and treatment strategies. On the other hand, the efficiency in the operability engulfs the prominent element of incorporating initiatives to enhance the interdependent relationship (O’Hare, 2020). It is the ethical responsibility of the personnel to engage the clients in the procedures to ensure the adherence to the legal framework, such as seeking consent for a surgical procedure. Therefore, the specialist optimally utilizes the acquired knowledge, skills, and experience to ascertain the effectiveness of direct primary care. A social worker plays a vital role in the healthcare industry due to the contribution in the implementation of the metaparadigm. An integration of the conceptual framework in medical care is a phenomenon that contributes to boosting effective recovery. The critical reflection engulfed implementing the framework while asserting the value of service experience. In this case, it is the practitioner’s responsibility to enhance a therapeutic environment based on the dynamic levels of interactions with different people (Alston & Bowles, 2020). Another mandate involves appreciating a person’s moral and ethical beliefs based on the optimization of consensual aspect. The nursing component within the mainframe comprises the utilization of dynamic practices and insights from experience and theorems to ascertain the prominence in the recovery process. The professional is a major player in the department due to the provision of baseline solution for the distressed cli
The elements of comparison that immediately come into focus when there is mention of the book ‘princess and the goblin’ and ‘Artemis fowl’ range widely. The variance of themes span from the essentials that describe a society such as food, clothing, money and the fundamentals that describe a place such as its geographical landscape or terrain. The landscape at the heart of the story in the book ‘princess and the goblin’ is a mountainous terrain that has very many subterranean hollows. Winding caves and caverns characterize the landscape in this book. Some of the caverns have water coming out of them, while some shine when light gets inside these structures. In this book, two characters of very distinct backgrounds and with very different lifestyles get to interact, and end up being friends. The two come from the two different social groups that define the living standards of the region. Irene, the princess, born of the king and therefore enjoys every ounce of leisure life could offer. She has spent her life enjoying the comfort of the palace built by his father on one of the mountains. The palace is beautiful and it is what the princess has grown up to believe is the whole world, until her curiosity leads her out of the palace into the outside world beneath. There are seemingly a different type people beneath the palace, strange people who it seems have different lives, and are of a different race, these are the goblins. Legends attribute their existence to the fact that they all lived together in the same kingdom, until the king levied upon them higher taxes, tried to impose more severity, and handled them with stricter rules. As a result, these people escaped from the kingdom, but instead of going far away from the kingdom, they sought refuge in the underground caves and caverns from where they came out only at night (Macdonald, 1990). The tale has it that these people hardly walk in groups, they come out only in the dark and never show up to large groups of people. This tale goes on to say that they operate in large groups of people in the areas of the mountain that are least visited, deeper into the mountain and that they even gathered in the open air. As a result of them hiding away from the sun, dwelling in the cold and dark dungeon that was the mountain, their bodies had changed greatly both in form and texture through the course of time. They looked abnormally strange to the extent that no literary genius could put to pen the matching description of their appearance. The goblins, in as much as they grew more disheveled in face and form, they grew smarter and brighter in the head. They had advanced intellectually to the point that they could do things that were unheard of in the world of mortals, yet all this creativity they dedicated to making the life of the people living on top of the mountain a living hell (Macdonald, 1990). This community was very cruel to the people living on the mountain (suns), but they treated
On January 1 of this year, our company received information about the spot rate of Malaysian ringgit (MYR) to USD to be 3.13 MYR on April 1; however, on April 1, it became 3.52 MYR. Our team conducted an analysis about the importance of foreign currency exchange for our trade in Malaysia. The main objective of this memo is to demonstrate the results of our evaluation and show that currency exchange is a viable and profitable option for our firm. The profitability of transactions in international marker is influenced by foreign currency exchange. Since our company has sales contracts with different vendors, we have an obligation to sell a specific number of units that are shipped to Malaysia during the first quarter. Specifically, the firm must sell 4,000 units for 1.25 million MYR within the specified period. Since retailers make payments in their local currency, fluctuation in the exchange rate between MYR and USD may affect our profit. Although we could establish the so-called producer currency pricing to make the customers purchase in USD, it may result in the complete market loss (Monetary and Economic Department [MED], 2018). Therefore, it is essential to maintain international currency exchange because minor alterations MYR/USD rate should not affect its profit. This memorandum will review three scenarios: adjusting for currency fluctuations, using a fixed rate mentioned in the contract, and avoiding currency exchange by purchasing raw materials in MYR. Firstly, our company could use the spot rate of 3.52 on April 1 to convert its sales revenue in MYR to USD. If the rate was 3.13 MYR per one USD in January, then there was 0.39 points increase on April 1. If 1.25 million MYR is converted to USD in April’s rate, there is a $44,247 loss. Secondly, our firm can lock up January’s rate of 3.13 MYR/USD and thus convert 1.25 million MYR using this value; in this case, the company will have a $44,247 profit. Lastly, the third scenario prevents any currency exchange, avoiding the loss, but it also does not allow a profit. Although the second case seems to be the most profitable, our firm should consider local retailers’ interests to avoid losing customers. Indeed, currency fluctuation is an inevitable part of the foreign exchange market. Our calculations showed that there is a short-term benefit in converting to USD by a fixed rate. However, there is no actual long-term profitability in reducing domestic currency because the exchange value may go below the ones indicated in a contract (MED, 2018). Therefore, our primary suggestion was to buy raw materials using local currency, which would minimize exchange risks. Nevertheless, after completing calculations for the first two scenarios, we believe that keeping an equal share of USD