ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The term masculinity is one of the most discussed in modern society. Many professionals are studying this topic in more depth to understand the main aspects that differ masculinity from femininity and why it could be related to both men and women. This essay will show how the term masculinity has developed throughout generations and its meaning in 2020. Moreover, I will present strong evidence and argument to support or deny the basic understanding of masculinity. Every culture can define the term masculinity in different ways, and it might not have a strong definition that will fit every nation. Every culture has an idea of gender, but not all can define the term masculinity correctly (Connell 1). In the modern world, this idea means that the action which people do reflect their gender. Originally, gender was defined by physiological factors like body structure and structural processes. However, this meaning started to fade, and masculinity could be applicable to both males and females. Connell stated that in 2020 masculinity and femininity are not related to the physiological structure of the human body but personal characteristics (4). Society is not a biological process, and gender stereotypes are not fixed. Everyone has a unique way of thinking, and people understand masculinity differently. While one group of men believes that masculinity can only be referred to their physiological structure, the other group can apply this term to many women who show a strong characteristic of their minds. The definition of
Identified only two decades ago, violent hate crimes have already become a considerable enduring issue in the United States. According to the FBI, a bias, or hate, crime may be defined as “a criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society that is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin” (Alvarez & Bachman, 2017, p. 239). In other words, an offender is driven by nothing but hate against particular groups of people, frequently leaves hate symbols, or uses derogatory language. In addition, the police should confirm that a certain committed crime may be referred to as a hate crime. From a personal perspective, the category of hate crimes should exist, as these violations have a specific basis that deserves the particular attention of experts. In the case of hate crimes, hate is not just emotions, such as anger, rage, or dislike – it is a deep psychological disorder that should be properly addressed. In fact, the government does not disregard the problem of hate crimes, and the situation with hate groups across the country is monitored. In Georgia, 29 hate groups were tracked in 2020, and this number is substantive in comparison with other states (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2021). The majority of these groups concentrate in or near Atlanta (Southern Poverty Law Center, 2021). In general, the main factors that influence the increase in hate crimes are cultural and social changes, high crime rates, and economic uncertainty or crises. In other words, f
Introduction Birth control or control of population growth has been a raging debate for centuries because it is a sexual issue that religion, traditions, politics, and the entire society has silenced and laden it with lots of taboos. During the ancient times, sex and sexuality had been under immense silence as no one was supposed to talk about it in public places. According to Foucault, sex has been a secret affair because there has been so many forces that reduced it to silence, but has recently loosened up and allowed people to question the intricacies of sex (78). Realizing that sex has been secret and silenced for centuries, modern society is struggling to unravel the mystery behind sex through various discourses. In the late 18th century and early 19th century, population growth rate of the world was growing exponentially. For instance, in the United States, women had an average of seven children, and thus, necessitated control of population. Although governments saw the need to control population growth, various religions and cultures were against it, for they perceived reproduction as a natural process that needs no interference. Religions, cultures, and politics have been grappling with the issue of population growth because while some perceive it a societal issue, others perceive it as a reproductive issue of women. Discourses in culture, religion, politics, education, health, feminism, sexuality, gender, race, and class show that birth control is an issue that touches on women’s health, and therefore, women have the right to control population growth. Culture and Traditions During ancient times, culture and traditions imposed many taboos on sex and sexuality in that societal values determined matters related to reproduction. Since men dominated society, they had powers to determine the number of children that their wives should have in marriage. Men had powers to decided ethics regarding sex as they imposed taboos to restrict how women perceive their sexuality and reproduction. Foucault asserts that sex exists in a binary system of right and wrong, legal and illegal, permitted and forbidden, which shows that it is subject to law and power (83). The law and power associated with sex gave men powers to have control over women and decide their sexuality, gender and reproduction. Cultures and traditions suppressed women, for they did not give them freedom to champion for their rights as members of the society with reproduction capacity (Berreman 400). Due to male chauvinism that dominated the society, issues involving sex and women were in deep silence and under the domain of men because taboos imposed many restrictions. Evolution of cultures and traditions from ancient times to modern society has led to empowerment of women and diminishing of taboos, which restricted women from advocating for their rights. The adoption of various cultural and traditional practices, from various parts of the world, led to development of civilized culture and traditions that recognize exceptional needs
Introduction The United States of America justice system has the responsibility of enacting legislations and law to facilitate the delivery of timely justice to its citizens. Civil litigation is a federal government civil dispute registration method that involves solving/seeking solution to issue through the court system but giving representing lawyers a chance to defend their clients. In the United States, civil litigation takes place in normal courts however it is strictly guided by formal and exhaustive rules of civil procedures; one rule that has been adopted in the system is civil discovery in the procedure and process of civil cases administration. Advantages of civil discovery Under the new system, a compliant is given the chance to offer such information or supporting documents from any sources. With the allowed mechanism, someone can be able to prove his case beyond doubtful doubts as is required by law. On the other hand, there is emphasis on offering justice as it is and the court when making decisions has all materials required for the case. Civil litigation system offers disputing parties a chance to seek solutions to their disputes in court without necessary following the traditional court system. With such an allowance, they are able to get solution faster than the case would have been in normal courts. Although the litigation process takes place in normal courts, it has to follow certain procedures to enforce discipline and satisfaction of the parties. In the event the parties agree before the process is over, they are at free to stop the process at no cost on their side. Another advantage with the court system is on setting precedence, when a case has been determined; it improves the court rules and legislations. The richer the country
Introduction Matt Pentecost is an owner and president of SacSurfacePro, a small business operating in Sacramento, CA. It offers customers a myriad of home services: installing grout, tile, natural stone, glass, showers, and shaping/cleaning home surfaces. What was the biggest challenge at the beginning? Pentecost admitted that initially, he lacked a business sense, and it was difficult to stay busy. In other words, it is always challenging to manage the business by oneself and without experience. As I understood, one of the most critical challenges at the beginning is to find clients, reach them, and satisfy them with splendid services/products establishing a more stable business connection. The owner advised beginners to stay active, upbeat, passionate about what they do, and open-minded (Real Estate Success Center 00:01:50- 00:03:00). It is not always possible to stick to the plan; thus, the business model should be flexible and highly adaptive. Do you have your own website, and which role did it played at the start? SacSurfacePro’s owner revealed that he had no website for the first five years since he started a business in 2005. Matt Pentecost recognized that his decision to neglect website building for so long due to the fear of additional expenses was a mistake. Matt followed someone’s advice to open a website and was ultimately pleased with its benefits. He realized that a wise digital presence and social media work are critical factors in promoting one’s products, services and establishing a brand name (Real Estate Success Center 00:03:21-00:04:30). Thus, we should launch a personal website from the beginning to inform our clients of real estate services and their pricing. Our marketing efforts (Facebook, Instagram, and word of mouth) should drive customers to visit the official website, ask questions, and order services. Do Google My Business reviews influence business appeal, or is it irrelevant at the beginning? The interviewee emphasized that small businesses’ prioritized task is to provide a high-quality service, meet the market standards, and even outperform most local competitors. It will assist in spreading a good word about the company and attract more clients. However, people tend to search a firm on the web, inspect the Google My Business page or other platforms, read the reviews, and compare them to ones left about direct competitors. Hence, it is essential to be present on various platforms, make sure we provide top-notch services and encourage our satisfied clients to leave a great review. People often make final decisions to use one’s service just based on great reviews and information found on the website. How to asse
The building of my choice is the Boston Symphony Hall, which is located at 301 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston Massachusetts. The architectural design of the building is the brainchild of the firm McKim, Mead, and White. The building looks ‘young’ in its current environment although it was completed in 1900. The building was affected by Boston City’s transport infrastructure at the close of the 1800s, hence its current design. The architectural motivation behind the building is well represented by its current majestic stance. The building was expected to be the permanent residence of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, which previously operated from the Boston Music Hall another iconic landmark. From the time one walks into the building, the acoustic elements are obvious and prominently represented. The majestic interior design of the hall carries with it an air of importance as exemplified by the grand influence that the building has had over the American music culture. While gazing at the exterior of the Boston Symphony Hall (BSH), the only reminder of the modern era is the cars, buses, and subway lines that are to be found in the area. One of the most iconic aspects of the BSH is its ornamentation, which appears to have captured the ‘essence’ of the structure and frozen it in time. The building’s exterior is scarcely ornamented and it conspicuously lacks sculptures to accentuate it. Furthermore, the structure’s interior does not contain any form of elaborate design but it manages to uphold its artistic integrity. The observations that are made in this paper indicate that both the interior and exterior ornamentations of the BSH complement each other as if they are part of a perfect symphony. The exterior of the BSH looks ‘ordinary’ when it is placed amidst other iconic buildings around Massachusetts Avenue. This means the setting to the exterior of the building resonates with any symphony where ordinary materials can give an extraordinary r
Strengths The prevailing technology makes it possible for quick advancements to be made within the industry for the benefit and satisfaction of consumers. The use of computer design software in modelling airframe structures was a great boost to the company and industry at large. This saw improvement in manufacturing and tooling capabilities. Strength could be drawn from the talented and experienced staff that provided the possibility of blending superior performance capabilities. Everyone within the management team was an experienced pilot and had flown different types of aircrafts. The employees were well acquainted with speed and innovation processes and understood so well the importance of moving with time to avoid unnecessary competition. The innovation process was scheduled to run for 24-hours on a daily basis with employees working in shifts with the management team comprising of highly motivated workers who worked under very minimal supervision (Hedberg et al 258-263) The company’s ability to set up an engineering centre having all the characteristic capabilities of big aircraft companies made it possible for them to compete favourably within the industry. The presence of the tooling mill made it possible for renovation and change of designs to fit the recommended tasks. The team of AAI engineers ensured the innovation of smart tunnel device which was used for the purposes of adjusting the centre of gravity and also enabled the airframe to accommodate wide range of engines of different models (Hedberg et al 263). The company’s A500 model aircraft had the capability of serving two potential markets at the same time; this was because the model had capabilities of allowing both private and professional usage. In private flown, the owner of the aircraft had the benefits of being the pilot in command while for professional non-owners acted as pilots. The engineers had worked extra to ensure that the aircraft system could easily be accessed for inspection purposes ensuring low costs of operation (Hedberg et al 268). The development of A700 aircraft increased the capacity of passenger carriage as well as flight operations. The speed by which it was built proved the proficiency and credibility of Adam’s engineers which was one point of their great strength. The emergence of this aircraft brought about one of the most efficient modes of air transport. The jet was light as compared to other American models which were little oversize, hence had the capability of covering distances within less time possible. The reduction in size and weight of the aircraft made it more convenient for use as well as improving the efficiency of flight operations. The new aircraft A700 also brought the possibility of calculating the travelling cost per passenger ensuring affordability to all tr
In a rather humorous essay, John Humphrys presents the argument that the act of texting actually causes a degradation of the English language as we know it due to its use of abbreviations and terminologies which obscure the meaning of the message sent to the uninitiated. He presents rather interesting points of circumstantial evidence such as the loss of hyphens to 16,000 words in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) and the way in which his word processing programs converts colons, dashes and brackets to an automatic smiley face. He points out that the convenience of texting has resulted in a culture of abbreviation and misspelling wherein the sheer proliferation of people texting has in effect caused a cascading trend of ever increasingly horrid English usage. While Humphrys does go on to say that he understands that languages do change over time, especially the English language which in his words is “infinitely adaptable”, the fact remains that for Humphrys the future generation that will come to inherit its usage may relegate it to a state of emoticons and abbreviations which is far from the heights of literary excellence that English has reached in the past with the works of Shakespeare, J.R.R Tolkien and Stephen King. As such, despite acknowledging the necessity of modern day styles of communication Humphrys disparages the loss of traditional grammar and sentence construction by this continuing trend of convenience in which abbreviation and grammatical butchering are a norm rather than a rarity. Introduction Throughout his essay Humphrys presents arguments related to improper grammatical context, absurd sentence construction as well as a general sense that texting produces sentences that are just plain hard to read and are about as far from normal English as the Earth is to the Sun. He combines these arguments into a method that attempts to justify the main thrust of this essay which states that the act of texting has been ruining the English language. It is rather interesting to note that when examining the context of his arguments it can be seen that Humphrys’ position is one based on what can be considered the context of the “old guard”. This implies that his observations are based on a preconceived notion of what English should be like based on his past experiences and as such all arguments he formulates can be categorized as being due to what he believes is the “proper” way of utilizing the English language. Unfortunately, Humphrys’ arguments are nonsensical, deluded and attempt to create connections from seemingly unconnected events in order to justify what he perceives to be a problem that in reality isn’t a problem at all. Texting and Established Literature First and foremost it must be established that the act of texting itself has in no way actually impacted actual written literature. In his initial argument H
Introduction Culture is an important factor that affects the development of different sectors in any country’s economy. It can thus be said that development is inseparable from culture. The cultural policy of any country is usually considered as a binding factor, which enhances nationalism thereby unifying the citizens. Different cultural sectors ought to co-work so as to enhance a quick development strategy. Thus, the combined synergetic knowledge of human beings, what they believe, and how they behave can go a long way in determining the rate of development among a particular people. Nigeria is one of the largest countries in Africa with a great diversification in geography, socially, and culturally. Its populace is Africa’s highest. The rich resources coupled with huge market potential provide Nigeria with the necessary tools to develop her different sectors in the economy. There are many private and co-sponsored organizations currently in operation to boost Nigeria’s development program. Currently, the country is undergoing through various socioeconomic restructuring. It should be noted that Nigeria’s cultural development has received support from the citizen’s themselves and military governments, an action that has also been recognized in the constitution. It is thus quite necessary to comment by saying that the development of Nigeria will largely depend on her cultural policy. Cultural interference on development has caused major impediments to societal Nigeria and her economic status. A short synopsis of the history of Nigeria gives a blueprint on how culture punctuated Nigeria’s development by the civil wars in the mid and late twentieth century. In line with this, various private organizations have been involved in addressing various development problems. They include the IMF, WHO, FAO, UN and its tributaries. The government has also been involved in one way or another in collaborating with non governmental organizations to address these problems. Problems Facing Development in Nigeria There are quite a number of problems that face Nigeria’s development programs. T
The Caste War of Yucatan commenced after the Maya people revolted against the economic and political dominance of the Yucatecos. The war lasted from 1847 to 1901and resulted in numerous deaths and massive destruction of property (Reed 18). The caste system that was operational during the colonial times was a major factor that resulted in the war. The system encouraged the division of its people into social classes that encouraged social discrimination. The elite class exploited poor people. This type of division is evident in modern society. The Maya people tolerated exploitation for a very long time because they lacked leaders who could lead them against the colonial powers. The weaknesses exhibited by modern governments were present in Yucatan. For instance, after independence, the people had great hope of emancipation from slavery and oppression. However, the hope of equality was thwarted because the Creoles replaced the Spaniards as the rulers. One of the reasons why societies prosper is even distribution of political power and economic resources. This was lacking in the Yucatecan government. It can be argued that the Maya people were right to engage the Yucatecos in war because of the ills they were subjected to. Denial of their human rights, encroachment of their communal land, and coercion to work under poor conditions were good enough reasons for a revolt. The war also exposed the relevance of religion and traditional beliefs to different communities. The Maya were angered after sacred forests were encroached too. The Maya considered forests as sacred and the abode of their gods (Reed 21). In modern society, religious intolerance is a major cause of war between countries and communities. The Yucatecan government was an example of a dictatorial regime that does not respect human rights. It failed to honor its promises to the people and imposed its policies on them. It facilitated the oppression of the poor by the wealthy. The Caste War of Yucatan is an example of the severe consequences that emanate from poor leadership and governance. Any dictatorial authority disintegrates when people become tired of oppression and exploitation. The war is an example of the negative effects of people’s oppression by a dictatorial regime. One of the reasons why the war lasted for a long time was lack of strong leaders who could lead the Maya against the colonialists. In addition, lack of cooperation and understanding contributed to massive deaths that made the war bloody. The war marked a special period for the Maya people because it resulted in independence from the Yucatecos (Reed 24). They were able to reclaim their stolen land and improve the quality of their lives by controlling resources. The involvement of outside influences such as the United Kingdom made it difficult to resolve the war. The war ended in 1915 after the reforms that initiated the revolt were abolished (Reed 28). Reforms are one of the ways that can be used to resolve conflicts and disagreements. The Caste War was blood and destructive. However, it was the only