ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Roughly 80 percent of our community currently relies on intricate computer supported systems. With the growing utilization of computer and rapid increase of the internet has resulted to numerous good things: online trade, e-banking, call centres, e-mail etc. The enhancement of system protection with a view of preventing unethical hacking has become a significant issue to community. There are various methods of protecting an information system; it appears that the ethical hacking offers an improved method. Thus, whether to integrate or not integrate the “ethical hacking” in institutions of higher learning has become a fascinating debate. This essay evaluates the ethical, lawful, and social inferences of this concern. So as to discuss the ethical, lawful, and ethical inferences of this concern, people need an understanding of the phrase ethical hacking. Raymond asserts that ethical hacking is a phrase used to mean computer hackers, people who attempt to enter secure networks with a view of learning the network’s weakness in order that it can be fixed (Raymond 2003). The query arising from this definition is whether the phrase is ethical or not ethical. Ethical implications Ethics regarding computer systems claims partially that all data belongs to people and that no limitations or boundaries for preventing exposure of this data (Goheen & Fiske 2007). From hacker’s viewpoint, independence of information comprises the access to system passwords and the program itself. This autonomy in addition comprises the right of accessing data stored on systems. Often, a hacker argues that the independence of data principles give him or her the right of having unlimited contact with system applications, e-mail and codes. At this instant, the ethical level of hacking has changed to “computer cracking” (Kephart et al. 2010). When the data in any computer device has become accessible to all, there are no such things like confidential information, and there is in addition no seclusion issue. Training people to be ethical hackers is the same as training people to break into someone’s property and analyze the weakness of that property. If ethical hacking has been trained in institutions, how does one know the trainees will not “hack” into the systems? If a student finds a really chief weakness, how does one know that he or she will not take advantage of it, or brag concerning it especially on the internet? Additionally, teaching people ways of hacking into people’s systems
Introduction The paper seeks to carry out a stock valuation for Sherwin-Williams Company. It operates in the general building and materials industry. It deals with the production and sale of coatings, paints, and other related products. Sherwin-Williams is a public company that trades on the New York Stock Exchange. The discussion below shows that the overall rating of the company is to sell the stock of Sherwin-Williams Co. Estimation of stock value Dividend discount model (DDM) The model is based on the fact that shareholders expect two forms of returns from their investments. These are the price and dividends. However, the price is also estimated using future streams of dividends. Therefore, the price of the share will be determined using discounted future streams of dividends.                               2009 –
Hamlet is a play written by Shakespeare and centered on Prince Hamlet and his vengeance against his uncle, Claudius, who has killed his father to get on the throne. Hamlet is Shakespeare’s immortal creation that has endlessly been retold and adapted by others (Thompson & Taylor, 2006). The Lion King by Disney is one of its many adaptations. The film parallels Hamlet as the main characters in the play and the film are both princes, and the antagonists are uncles who murder their brothers to gain power. Simultaneously, the movie diverts from the play in terms of setting, central theme, language, and plot. Nevertheless, the Lion King is still a great adaptation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. On the one hand, there are several similarities between The Lion King and Hamlet. Viewers see Simba and Hamlet as the main characters whose fathers were murdered by their uncles. The plots are similar since both heroes are outcasted from their kingdoms. Moreover, Simba and Hamlet have only one love interest, Nala and Ophelia, respectively. Both female characters help the protagonists to achieve their goals. Both princes experience internal struggle as Simba doubts whether he should return to the pride, and Hamlet asks “to be or not to be” when he thinks about killing his uncle (Shakespeare, 1992, 3.1.1). Another similarity is that ghosts of murdered kings appear at midnight and talk to their sons, which is a turning point in the plots of the movie and the play as both princes decide to return to their kingdoms and find the truth. Finally, both punish and kill their uncles for their murders at the end. On the other hand, it is essential to note the differences between the movie and the play. First of all, the characters in The Lion King come from the animal world. The film shows the interactions among lions and hyenas, a meerkat, a monkey, a warthog, and others endowed with human characters and emotions. In contrast, Hamlet shows the noble society of the sixteenth century in Denmark, while the movie’s events take place in Africa’s Pride Lands at an unknown time. Second, death is the play’s central theme as the events start with the appearance of King Hamlet’s ghost and end in the death of the main characters. Meanwhile, The Lion King encourages the viewers to learn from past mistakes and participate in “the circle of life” (Hahn, 1994, 10:09). Moreover, the plots of the film and the play differ to a certain extent. For example, Hamlet’s king appears only in the ghost’s form, unlike Simba’s father, who is alive for a significant part of the movie. The spirit in the Lion King does not demand revenge from his son but instead sends a positive message to remember who he is. Also, the authors of The Lion King use contemporary language that is easily understandable even for children, while Shakespeare writes in Early Modern English and uses words that are now obsolete; for example, “swounds,” “esil,” and “prate” (Shakespeare, 1992, 5.1.267). More ab
The results of a conversation depending on the levels of communication between the parties that are involved. Some conversations, depending on the levels they are based upon, yield positive results and may create healthy relationships. The Social Penetration Theory by Irwin Altman states that the level of conversation defines communication and relationship. He argues that a close social relationship can be created from a healthy conversation where the two parties involved are in the same level of understanding. This research paper seeks to explore how levels of conversation influence levels of relationships and functions. There are several levels of conversation. A conversation may be social, mental, emotional, or spiritual. In a social conversation, there is an exchange of views and expectations from the parties. This level of conversation requires one to be keen on communication to be able to know whether the conversation will continue or not. The people involved in this level of conversation may have varying opinions depending on their understanding of the topic of discussion. However, mutual respect and understanding should prevail in the conversation in order to get better results irrespective of the level of relationship that exists between the parties. A mental level of conversation aims at giving facts over an issue. This level of conversation lays the grounds for deeper communication and relationship. One should be keen to pick other information that may be expressed through the tone or body movements in order to understand how to tune the conversation to be fruitful. Emotional and spiritual levels of conversation are very tricky. The emotional conversation seeks to get a confidant. Whatever one says in this level of conversation is supposed to be kept secret and not to be shared with other persons. If this condition is not observed the relationship between the parties may become sour after the conversation. The spiritual level of conversation is based on one’s believes and faith in some form of divine power. In this level of conversation, a self-fulfilling relationship may be developed particularly if the people involved in the conversation share the same faith. To realize a self-fulfilling relationship we need to consider the level of conversation and the level of relationship for both parties. A person at the social level of conversation may find it tricky developing a relationship with another person who is in the emotional level. This is so because at
Several organizations, public and private, provide healthcare services in our communities. They work at both regional and local levels, where most of them are privately owned institutions. In Lawrence, Massachusetts, Lawrence General Hospital and Greater Lawrence Family Health Center(GLFHC) are private healthcare organizations that offer their services locally and in Massachusetts. The two facilities provide comprehensive patient care services such as primary health care, emergency responses, pediatric care, HIV management, maternity services, and imaging services. However, Lawrence General Hospital is a major trauma center in the region, a service not offered by Greater Lawrence Family Health Center. The two healthcare organizations work effortlessly to serve as many patients as possible. It is estimated that about 355,000 patients receive healthcare services from these organizations annually. Despite both organizations being nonprofit, they run entities that help in raising funds to sustain their operations. Additionally, they receive donations and grants from other foundations and federal funding through the Department of Health and Human Services. In assisting the community in Lawrence City, the Lawrence General Hospital looks for volunteers to work as greeters in Russell to help their Spanish-speaking patients (Lawrence General, 2020). On the other hand, GLFCH runs free prevention, counseling, screening, and referral programs to the community (PICSR). When administering medical services to patients, health institutions employ qualified personnel to offer the services more so nurses. However, their working environments and roles are influenced by political strategies. Nurses are always left out when making policies because most do not actively participate in active politics. This makes the nursing profession lack presentation and prominent people who would advocate for the well-being of their profession. Additionally, the three prevention methods, namely primary, secondary and tertiary, affect nurses’ roles (Salem, 2019). These methods are critical elements in assisting nurses when creating care plans for their patients.
The point with which I will be engaging in my journal is lifelong maintenance of children with Down syndrome in psychoneurological boarding schools. Today, there are a huge number of stumps in the USA, in which more than 150 thousand people with Down syndrome live (Kelemen et al., 2020). Even if they are considered capable, they are still deprived of the right to dispose of their property, they cannot make important decisions without the knowledge of the guardian. The legal status of many residents of psychoneurological boarding schools with Down syndrome does not correspond to their real mental state. Among the incapacitated there are many people who have been deprived of their civil rights unreasonably. This idea was new to me, as I knew that many parents completely abandon children with Down syndrome. Nevertheless, I did not know that there are institutions to which parents who do not give up parental rights send their disabled children. In such places, children lose the ability to live independently, and not because they lack mental development. In special institutions where children with Down syndrome are sent by their parents, social and household skills are lost or not formed at all. For example, such children do not know how to go to the store, or pay for housing and communal services. Isolation of the child leads to violations of the personal sphere, emotional and physical development. Studying the information on this topic horrified me and a strong emotional response emerged. So, in boarding schools, children with Down syndrome who need help and support are kept locked up, and in some they are immobilized with sedatives. Many institutions for patients with severe mental illnesses, such as Down syndrome, have very poor conditions of detention. Uncomfortable rooms, untimely change of linen, irregular hair cutting and body care of the wards are frequent phenomena (Jenks, 2019). Also, the problems of most of these institutions are insufficient provision of children with clothes, as well as a shortage of staff. Many residents do not even have their own chairs and bedside tables, there are no libraries and gyms in boarding schools, there are no conditions for preparing for independent life. This idea made me look at institutions for children with Down syndrome in a new way. During the study of the literature, it was revealed that in boarding schools, professionals who thoroughly know the features of the disease do not always take care of the child. Any child realizes his potential much better in a loving family at home than separated from his parents in a special institution. In addition, I looked at the patients of such institutions from the other side. It turns out that not all patients with Down
Introduction At Matoska International School, assessment is one of the key elements of the teaching and learning process. Assessment is concerned with the gathering of valuable feedback from student in term of what the student know, what the students feel and what the students are able to do at various stages of the teaching learning process in response to what they have learned. The school has multi faceted assessment criteria that aim at evaluating different types of learning such as skills, knowledge and attitudes. It also means that students are an integral part of the assessment process and that the students are encouraged to develop critical thinking as well as a self evaluation mentality. Assessment at Matoska International School is not only for the purpose of gathering information for the sake of enriching the teaching and learning process but is intended to aid in the development of students’ learning and learned abilities. As such it is an ongoing process that also involves the environment, the community as well as the student’s family members. The student is continuously informed of the assessment criteria and adequately prepared before any assessment test is administered (Matoska n.d). Assessment is therefore a continuous process of varied activities intended to develop the student and involves various parties such as the parent community, and the family members while the student is the central figure in the entire process. Assessment methods At Matoska, teaching and learning is multifaceted and as such the assessment criteria is modeled along the Bloom concept of learning domains. It evaluates various aspects of learning such as knowledge skills and attitudes. Knowledge learned is assessed through summative tests at the end of every learning unit. The learner is required to define, describe, knows, lists, or recall knowledge learned. The learner is also expected to show the ability to analyze knowledge learned. Assessment also tests the learner’s attitudes. This involves testing whether the learner’s skills, concept and beliefs have been affected by what has been learned. As such the learner will be observed to identify how he/she cooperates, influences, questions and internalizes learned values. Furthermore, assessment is also intended to evaluate the learners ‘doing’ abilities. This includes testing the learner fro creating, constructing, composing designing and such other physical abilities. Assessment involves both qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Quantitative assessment involves awarding of numerical score or grades while qualitative assessment appeals to a teachers emotion and responses such as good, satisfactory, excellent are involved. Qualitative assessment is used in assessing both written and unwritten tes
Inventory is one of the most expensive assets representing close to 50% in a myriad of companies across the globe. It covers almost 50% of the company’s invested capital, posing a big concern on its management. Inventory is categorized in different types. For instance, in manufacturing firms, it is categorized in terms of raw materials such as wood or metals, work in process such as partially completed products and the finished goods. As the company yearns to meet its objectives, it is important that it avails enough cost effective inventory. Wheeled Coach Industry which is Winter Park Florida based company applies a number of inventory management policies. The company has 7000 parts to keep the stocks which are supplied by different suppliers to ensure that products and custom made ambulances are manufactured in time. Since products are customized, their production processes are always unique in nature. Therefore, a demand on material planning and processes which primarily involves maintaining proper level of inventory throughout a fiscal year is necessary. This calls for thorough product and components knowledge. Wheeled coach applies a technique referred to as cycle counting which enable the management update quantities on hand to ensure accuracy in the required materials. Cycle counts also remove any surprise that may come during the course of the year. Examples of wheeled coach inventory includes: truck chassis, aluminum and ply wood. The company has also categorized their inventory at different levels, for instance, inventory in B class which consists of medium costs items such as upholstery for seats, electrical wiring and Plexiglas for cabinets. Most of these items have a lower dollar value compared to those in A class. Items in C class which consists of nuts, bolts and rivets has the lowest dollar value than B and C. Individuals who are in charge of different inventories always give cycle count on the inventories which are in the warehouse, keenly noting the discrepancies which will be core in analyzing the real value and the perpetual. Frito Lay Frio lay has been in operation for over 70 years providing people with snack foods made from fresh and natural ingredients. It produces over 40 unique prod
One strange thing about stars is that they disintegrate after some time, leaving behind core remnants dubbed as ‘Stellar Remnants.’ These remnants are compact-like objects and may emit electromagnetic radiation depending on whether they are hot or not. To this end, the emitted radiations are owed to sources other than nuclear reactions. Importantly, these objects exhibit unique and strange characteristics that continue to baffle all and sundry. From the ‘White Dwarfs’ which shrink with an increase in mass, the ‘Neutron Stars’ which emit photons on a regular basis to the ‘Black Holes’ which emit unrivaled bursts of energy, Stellar Remnants are truly anomalous. As such, in this essay, we explore what makes these Stellar Remnants unique and bizarre. For the sake of this essay, our main focus will be on two objects, the White Dwarfs and the Neutron Stars. The White Dwarfs are the core remnants of a star that was previously 8 times the mass of the sun (8M sun ). On disintegration, Chandrasekhar, an astronomer, explains that the final object should weigh not more than 1.4M sun (Chandrasekhar Limit), and as such, its size should be almost equal to that of the earth (Sulehria 1). The density of this object is incredibly astronomical- 10 9 Kg/m 3 , dwarfing those of planets. Notably, its initially hot surface temperature (150, 000K) cools down, evolving to become a ‘Black Dwarf (0.6M sun )’ (Sulehria 1). The core of White Dwarfs is encapsulated by gases e.g., oxygen, helium, and carbon, with their composition being a function of the mass of its degenerate matter, which behaves abnormally. The degenerate matter arises when the electrons are compelled to occupy the entire energy level states of its atoms. As a consequence, they are repelled to the higher energy levels owing to the fact that two fermion particles cannot coexist. Eventually, these energy levels get filled up, resulting in a degenerate matter. The strange behavior of this matter is that its mass and temperature are inversely proportional to its size (see fig. 1 below). As such, the mass and temperature decreases from 1 to 5 where it transforms into a White Dwarf (1M sun ) and later, to a Black Dwarf (luminosity of 10 -4 that of the sun) (Sulehria 1). Figure 1: Evolution of White Dwarf. The White Dwarf’s luminosity is owed to a reserved heat generated eons back during its ‘evolution.’ Importantly, the White Dwarf can rip off a gas e.g., hydrogen from its neighbor (companion) in a Cataclysmic Variable System to spark a hydrogen-helium fusion process, which is accompanied by the release of massive energy (nova). This is seen as bursts of light that make them extremely bright (Fig. 2). This ends when the hydrogen is exhausted. Figure 2: Cataclysmic Variable System. When the core remnant exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit (> 1.4M sun ), it disintegrates, liberating neutrons. To this end, the neutrons assume the role of the electrons to support the structure of the remnant. Finally, the object acquires a diameter of approximately 40km with a “density in the order of 10 17 kg/m 3 and a mass of between 1.44 and 3M sun ” (Sulehria 1). This Stellar
Carbohydrates are energy-giving foods that enable the body to function well. Every person needs plenty of carbohydrates in their diet to remain healthy and carry out their daily tasks properly. Scientists recommend that carbohydrates form between 45% and 65% of one’s daily consumption (Wali et al., 2021). High carbohydrates uptake translates to high calories and sufficient energy for the body. The paper will discuss carbohydrate consumption and the composition of carbohydrate sources. Some of the foods that contain high contents of carbohydrates are wheat which can be consumed as wheat grain or wheat flour and differ in their functionality in the body. Wheat flour from wheat grain is obtained by milling the wheat grain to remove the outer part of the kernel, which are the bran and germ. There is a variation in the chemical composition of the bran and portions of the kernel’s endosperm. The kernel contains starch as the major carbohydrate in its endosperm. The kernel also contains free gas, pentosans, and glucofructans. The outermost layer of the wheat kernel, the bran, has starch as a contaminant of the endosperm. The bran also contains carbohydrate materials such as free gas and cellulose. Carbohydrates come from different foods, including fruits, green vegetables, roots, and