ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There are four broad categories of factors that influence organizational buyer behaviour. They are environmental factors, organizational factors, interpersonal factors and individual factors. Individual factors relate to individual thoughts, feelings and actions. The most difficult is to assess motivation and perception of the individual. Essentially pampered pets are often treated as family members or an extension of their owners, who may name them, dress them in special clothing. Pampering pets has created profitable opportunities for all kinds of businesses (Elliott, Sharyn & David 2009). Consumers who once felt sad or guilty about leaving a pet alone when they were at work or boarding a pet when they were travelling now seek out pet day care services, pet friendly hotels, and upscale boarding facilities like the TV equipped private suites offered by PetSmart, the world largest pet product retailer. There are several psychological factors that influence consumer behaviour. These include motivation, perception, learning as well as beliefs and attitudes. When a consumer is motivated, one is usually ready to act. How we act is largely influenced by the kind of perception that a person holds of a given situation. It is important to note that people learn when they act (Elliott, Sharyn & David 2009). Furthermore, learning is a process which involves changes in individual’s behaviour which arises from experience. Consumer behaviour which is mostly learned takes place with the interaction of drives, stimuli, cues, responses and reinforcement. Beliefs and attitudes are obtained by acting and learning. Some of the individual factors which determine or influence development include the occupation of the person, the level of income of the consumer and the new knowledge learning ability of the consumer. Motivation refers to the forces which drive a person to get their needs and wants (Elliott, Sharyn & David 2009). Needs are the basic forces that motivate one to get to a certain end. On the other hand, wants are needs that are learned during an individual’s lifetime. Lifestyle refers to individuals’ or families’ way of living. The lifestyle concept provides descriptions of behaviour and purchasing patterns, especially the ways in which people spend their time and money. Personality, motives and attitudes also influence lifestyle. Age and life cycle stage is a major factor which influences consumer behaviour patterns. The consumer behaviour changes with stages of life. Essentially, some marketers will define their target market based on the consumers’ present stage in life. This implies that there are cases where the subject of pampered pets will make much sense to a given stage of life as compared to another. Lastly, ability is an important concept when it comes to the subject of consumer behaviour. This is directly related to knowledge and familiarity with the product or brand. In this case, one cannot be able to keep pets if they are not able to understand what t
Introduction to Buncefield Incident Buncefield was a depot located in Hemel Hempstead, northwest of London used for storing and transferring oil. The site was used for the storage of fuel and other commodities before they were transferred to places such as airports and petrol stations. It was one of the largest sites for storing oil in UK. By December 2005, three sites which could store fuel of up to 200000 tonnes had been established at the depot (HSE, 2011). On December 11th 2005, several explosions that were heard by people 125 miles away from the depot occurred. The explosions caused great damage to property that was in the surrounding areas with more than 2000 people being moved from their homes to save them from the danger they were exposed to. A total of 43 people sustained injuries but no fatalities were recorded. Basically, petrol over spillage was attributed with the fire that continued burning for five days. The fire damaged most of the tanks and bunds in the depot (HSE, 2011). Causes of Buncefield incident The explosion at the oil depot in Buncefield occurred after a large number of gallons containing petrol started overflowing due to failure of the automatic monitoring systems. On 11th December 2005, a fuel gauge that was faulty allowed petrol to get into tank 912. It was then reported that petrol began leaking through a vent situated on the upper part of the tank. This leakage began 20 minutes after five o’clock in the morning and quickly turned into a cloud of vapor that could catch fire easily as it moved to the sides. By the time the gaseous cloud was set on fire at 6.10 am, it was covering an estimated area of 8 hectares. The source of the fire was suspected to be a pump house or a generator that was near the site. This incident which was regarded as the largest explosion in the history of European countries since the First World War led to a tremor with 2.4 Richter scale measurements. It caused damage to buildings that were far from the site but no people were injured. Investigations into the incident revealed that the automatic fuel gauge located in tank 912 experienced functional failures at 3 am. This occurred during a period when the rate at which the tank was being filled was estimated to be 550000 litres per hour (HSE, 2011). By 5.20 am, the tank would have been full but the fuel continued being pumped until the number of litres per hour increased to an unmanageable level. Twenty minutes before the explosion, footages from CCTV cameras indicated that there was a misty cloud coming from the tank (HSE, 2011). Factors Leading to the Escalation of the Incident A number of factors led to the escalation of the Buncefield incident. Making an assumption that the bund wall or earthen dykes remained uninterrupted when there was a failure increased the scale of the incident. Estimates made by experts indicated that in case of failures, losses of between 25 and 50 per cent of the contents were possible. The quantity that could overflow from the secondary confinement could be enormous even when the bund walls were taken into consideration. The earthen dykes and con
The Auburn prison system was used for the first time in the early 19 th century and its primary characterizer was the fact that inmates were made to work in groups during the night and then allocated individual cells at night with silence being enforced at all times (Banks, 2005). By virtue of the fact that inmates generally tend to be noisy and rowdy, this system advocated for enforced silence whenever necessary, though the usage of this element was rare during the night because the solitary confinement had the effect of taming the violent prisoners (Mays and Winfree, 2008). However, there were calls from different quotas advocating for the minimal usage of solitary confinement and over time, enforced silence developed as a favored alternative. The latter was actually more appreciated by human rights authorities as it had the notable effect of teaching inmates the importance of discipline and mutual respect (Carlson and Garrett, 2008). Consequently, the system was ended up being more of a hybrid of isolation and enforced silence. The Pennsylvania system unlike the Auburn system advocated for total solitary confinement, in the sense that inmates were kept on their own irrespective of the time of day or the activity they were partaking in (Carlson and Garrett, 2008). Each prisoner had his/her own cell which came fully equipped with a toilet, a bathing area and an exercise yard; a design that was aimed at keeping inmate contact to the bare minimum. The supporters of the Pennsylvania system regarded imprisonment as punishment for criminals and the time given was for the individuals to reflect upon their misdoings and repent for their sins (Banks, 2005). Keeping inmates in groups was seen as distractive to the prisoners and was seen as an impediment to their repentance and ensuing atonement. Due to the 24-hour isolation of inmates, the Pennsylvania system was also known as the “separate” system (Mays and Winfree, 2008). The arrangement of the prison cells in the Auburn system was such that they fell in tiers with one cell directly above the other. The tiers were essentially referred to as blocks and were given alphabetical letter classification depending on the weight of the crimes. Each block had its own color of uniform and the inmates from a particular tier were expected to be properly clad whenever they were out of their cells. Due to the fact that the inmates were constantly working in groups, the Auburn system was also referred to as the “congregate” system (Mays and Winfree, 2008). Both the Auburn and Pennsylvania systems operated on the premise that prisons were institutions of reformation and as such the inmates were candidates for humane treatment. The prisoners were accorded proper meals, bed
As mentioned above, the purpose of this study is to examine the risk and protective factors linked to PTG in female victims of sexual violence. The proposed systematic review aims to answer the following research question: What are the most apparent risk and protective factors associated with PTG in women who have experienced sexual violence? Diverse studies are available on different aspects of PGT and associated treatment interventions, but there is a lack of a synthesized analysis of the available data (Lahav et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2019). Systematic reviews have been a common type of research that concentrates on summarizing existing literature based on particular research questions and clear methodology (Riley et al., 2019). This type of study was introduced and developed in the 1970s (Munn et al., 2018). The major components of this approach include the focus on specific aspects of a problem, explicitly defined eligibility criteria, detailed description of the methodology, the evaluation of the validity of the sources, and profound synthesis. Systematic reviews tend to include all consistent with the pre-defined criteria, including cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies, as well as reviews. This systematic review will involve the analysis of the types of studies mentioned above. Some systematic reviews and meta-analyses on PTG have been published, but they tend to concentrate on a wider population (Henson et al., 2020). This approach will be instrumental in identifying the latest discoveries and some trends in research related to post-traumatic growth among females who have faced sexual abuse. The screening process will involve reading the abstracts of articles and their further reading in full as they are found appropriate for the current research. This element of systematic reviews enables the researcher to cover a considerable number of studies and include the most relevant ones. One of the primary selection criteria is the date of publication, and the focus may be on different periods. At present, researchers pay much attention to the use of the most recent data and updating reviews constantly (Elliott et al., 2017). The present systematic review concentrates on the articles published during the period between 2016 and 2021. It is critical to identify the most recent data on risk and protective factors associated with PTG i
A single currency for the countries in the Eurozone was an idea that was brought up with the hope that this would steer economic development and eliminate trading barriers within this block. This has however turned to be a hindrance to economic growth within the region instead. With the Eurozone economic crisis and deflation that has been witnessed in the countries within the Eurozone, the Euro currency has lost its value against other world currencies. It has for instance been exchanging at around $1.32 against the US Dollar in the resent past as evident in the graph bellow. Various measures have been put in place so as to save the Euro from the loss of value. One of these measures has been the purchasing of assets by the Central Banks of various countries. Performance of the Euro against the US Dollar The bank of Japan for instance launched a stimulus program where it was supposed to purchase assets with the intention of strengthening the Yen against major world currencies with the Euro included. This came in the wake of the European Central Bank and the U.S. Federal Reserve taking the same measures to strengthen their currencies. The purchasing of government as well as corporate bonds was aimed at strengthening the yen against major world currencies but it did not yield much as expected. Strengthening the yen only helped in reducing oversees corporate earnings. The exporters do not get maximum profits when the currency is so strong against other world currencies and this to some extend slowed down the economic recovery. The same measures that did not work quite effectively for the bank of Japan have been undertaken by the European Central Bank which is a clear indication that the Eurozone Economic Crisis is still far from being resolved. A stronger currency without the creation of jobs and building a platform for economic development would do little to avert the Eurozone crisis. With all efforts being made to rescue the Euro against depreciating, the currency has remained consolidated for a long time against the major world currencies hence the need to come up with other formulas so as to save this currency. The currency has lost by 0.12% against the sterling pound hence exchanging at 0.8022. It also depreciated against other major currencies like the Swiss franc were it depreciated by 0.19% hence exchanging at 1.2088 Franc per Euro. Performance of the Euro against the Sterling Pound The Bank of Japan had opted for quantitative easing which involves the printing of more currency. This money is then used in the purchasing of bonds as well as other bank assets from banks. This then implies that these banks have more money at their disposal to issue as loans, improving their infrastructure and creation of employment by the opening of more branches, increasing their assets which then trickle down to economic growth. This also helps in lowering the interest rates and this is quite critical in economic stimulation. It encourages spending and investment hence economic growth. The aim is
The American War of Independence is between the American colonies and Great Britain. The revolution’s success eventually depended on the willingness of Americans to risk their lives and economic well-being in the name of patriotism. The revolution was a conservative attempt to preserve freedoms that seemed to be threatened by British politics. However, the war was accompanied by social and intellectual transformations that radically changed the nature of American politics and brought ordinary people into politics to an unprecedented degree. It was the main reason why the Patriots were willing to risk their lives for the sake of independence and change. Firstly, the Patriots wanted the American colonies to gain independence from Great Britain as they wanted their own independent country. People in America felt they were being treated unfairly by the British (DiPucchio, 2020). They were taxed without voting or being represented by the British government. Soon, the first battles for freedom were heard throughout the colonies. The Patriots wanted freedom from British rule and fought for it. Secondly, the American fighters for independence were more willing to sacrifice their lives because they wanted to defend universal ideals. Indeed, American intellectuals were greatly influenced by the ideas of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who promoted the natural rights and freedoms of every man (The Library of Congress, n.d.).
Introduction The given myth analysis will primarily focus on the mythology of the Dogon people with an emphasis on the narrative, reach figures, and assertions. It is important to note that the comparative element will mainly utilize Islamic mythology. The central component of Dogon mythology revolves around pottery and the creator and god Amma, who used pottery to create the Sun, the Moon, the Earth, and stars. The narrative highlights the imperfection of the creator and his act of rape, which resulted in imperfect twins who gave birth to the human race. The reach of the myth is expansive, where the storyline encompasses stars and their moon. The central figures of the myth are Amma, the Earth, the pale fox, the imperfect twins, and the perfect twins. The assertion illuminates the fact that human beings are imperfect due to the sinful act of Amma, which is why following the orders and instructions from the perfect twins is the key path to orderly life. The myth questions the notion that human beings are inherently superior to other beings, which is why the storyline delivers remarks on the incompletion of human existence without order. Unlike the Islamic myth, which focuses on human beings being created as the highest achievement of God due to their free will, which leads to their subsequent fall and the ultimate test of faith, Dogon mythology emphasizes the original imperfections of humanity. Narrative The narrative of the Dogon mythology begins with the God and creator Amma, who uses pottery to create the Sun through heating. After, he creates the Moon and heats it for a quarter compared to the Sun, which is meant to provide light during the night. Then, Amma creates the stars by throwing the lump of clay into the void of darkness, which creates the stars (Sproul, 2013). Amma uses another large lump of clay to create the Earth and finds her attractive. He decides to rape her due to his loneliness and thus, cuts down the termite hill, which was protecting her. This results in the birth of the pale fox, which is an embodiment of violence and cruelty. Following the event, the Earth gives birth to two sets of perfect twins Yoruga and his sister, and perfect twins, the Nummo (Sproul, 2013). After spending some time on Sirius’s moon, the Nummo return to the Earth to guide humans. The first revelation is Nature manifested in the grass, the second revelation is Order manifested in weavings, and the third revelation is comprised of two major elements (Sproul, 2013). These are the Drum and the Granary, and it is important to indicate that these three revelations are the only source for orderly life for humans, which ensures flourishment and happiness. Dogon People To properly assess
Free labor can be described as something that is performed voluntarily and enjoyed by the person who engages in it, although the phenomenon is still subject to exploitation due to existing in the capitalist system, which does not necessarily have a bad connotation and is socially cultivated. The last point is evident from one’s affective desire to create products, which have a certain value derived from their meaning, and address a person’s need for cultural consumption while satisfying personal goals of wanting to socialize and participate in the digital space. YouTubers embody the concept of free labor perfectly because the platform allows them to host and monetize videos, which are made for discussing topical issues, reviewing different types of media, and other entertaining or informative purposes while providing the ground for engagement and generating profits for both parties. For instance, Grace Randolph’s Beyond the Trailer channel contains various videos on the film industry, such as reactions to the latest releases and news, which are the result of her voluntary actions, and they include valuable information for the audience, addressing their cultural needs and potentially helping the subject matter benefit from the exposure. We are led to believe that free labor is a viable alternative to the traditional means of production, and children, who actively consume its products through TikTok and other platforms, may express a desire to become a creator as a professional or start making content themselves. Should parents encourage such impulses and reassure them that an influencer is a valid occupation, or would convincing a child to pursue an established career that requires a degree be more prudent, considering that not everyone can find an audience?
Patient safety has always been one of the main focuses of health. It has traditionally been integrated into nurses’ day-to-day activities. However, as electronic health records and health information exchanges are being deployed, issues of patient safety continue to arise (Tietze and McBride, 2016). Although the number of patient safety initiatives is rising, hospital workers still resist them since such initiatives often take the form of audit and result in trying to change the managerial system of the hospital. Research Overview Since nurses are directly linked to improved patient performance (Squires, Jylhä, Jun, Ensio, and Kinnunen, 2017), the problem of “Advancing the Status of Nursing: Reconstructing Professional Nursing Identity through Patient Safety Work” by Heldal, Kongsvik, and Haland is that patient safety programs usually affect not only patients but also the hospital staff, notably nurses. The research purpose is to discover the influence of implementing patient safety programs on nursing. The objectives of the research are to define and highlight the ways patient safety programs may change professional nursing identity and the perception of their activities. The hypothesis is that implementing patient care programs results in a change in the definition of nursing. A nursing unit was followed for some months, and three hospital managers and ten nurses were interviewed; all interviewees were well acquainted with the program. Data analysis was conducted by all three authors of the research who read both transcripts and notes of the studies. Results The research data analysis showed that the perception of nursing significantly changed after the implementation of the patient safety program. There were four main categories of changes that were observed: the shift from trusting professionals to trust the system, nursing work became more visible than before, the concept of care-approach gave its way to cure-approach, and nursing got a higher perceived professional status. The research is credible and valid since it was conducted by professionals in the sphere and based on various data sources. In the study, transparent research steps provide a clear methodology, and the contexts and thick descriptions account for transferability.