ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The following essay is about the Human Resource Information System. It describes the technology used in organisation to manage shuman resource activities. In addition, it discusses the use of HRIS in hiring the employees as well as catering for the employees’ welfare in monitoring, evaluating and rewarding their performance. The essay also identifies organisations that are currently using the HRIS technology in the two HR functions (hiring and evaluating employees’ performance). It demonstrates evidence of critical analysis of various sources of information concerning human resource information systems (Clemons 2008). Human Resource Information Systems refers to the collection of technological application software, hardware and network infrastructure that are used to store, analyse and distribute information concerning human resource (O’Brien 2011). A good HRIS has electronic data processing for calculations, classifications and summary of the data. It also has management information system for analysis of the human resource data and finally the decision support system, which provides information to support the decisions made by the organisation (Brown 2003). Current HRIS technologies With the change in business environment, accurate and timely information about employees in an organisation is important. The traditional way of managing human resources is inappropriate, as it may not provide all the information needed by the organisation concerning the employees (Harold 2009). The other aspect of human resource management is an appropriate way of developing the employees, acquiring new skills as well as experiences. The human resources managers must therefore know about the changes if they are going to make informed decisions (Clemons 2008). The commonly used applications for human resource management are the Enterprise Resource Systems that have been the preserve for large enterprises. The ERP however are not efficient as they have too many applications and need costly technical training of the employees. The other challenge is that the ERP is an application meant for departments such as accounting, front office sales and human resources management, which limits it as Human Resource Information Systems software. The human resource software is specialist software whose applications specifically deal with issues that affect human resources. It may include applications on training, hiring staff, employees’ background and competency, performance, complaints and payroll management. This makes the HRIS applications in an organis
Introduction The subject of family in the sociological arena has been studied and researched by several scholars. Explanations of the characteristic features and behavioral patterns of the family have been discussed in many journals and books. One journal in particular has discussed this issue in detailed and its explanations have been so vividly done such that the issue is fully understood. The journal is entitled, family matters: Even in marriage: Identifying factors linked to marital outcomes for African Americans. The authors are Chalandra M. Bryant, K.A.S. Wickrama, John Bolland, Barlynda M. Bryant, Carolyn E. Cutrona and Christine E. Stanik. It was first published online in August 2010. The journal mainly focuses on marriage in the African-American society. The authors did a prolific research in trying to find out the characteristic features which are special to these types of families. They also tried to crystallize out the differences between the African-America families to those of the other families. Method The researchers developed a broad conceptual framework which involved primary marital concepts of which the concepts emanated from psychological points of view which were shown to vary across the races. As an example the authors explain this hypothesis as if we look at the stressful part, individuals’ and couples’ resources will meditate and moderate the association between the causes of the particular stress and the welfare of the marriage. Also the authors did an extensive review of available literature such which resulted in their identification of important findings on the rudimentary cons
Introduction The main theme of the two novels, The Tiger’s Daughter and Wife is Americanization and assimilation. When Mukherjee wrote these novels, she was possibly facing similar problems of acculturation, which found expression in her literary work. She mentions that Tara’s identity crisis arose from her rootlessness. Tara was searching for her roots, her ancestral past when she returned to Calcutta. This, Mukherjee explains, is a “very American phenomenon” ( Conversations with Bharati Mukherjee 143). Thus, Tara’s desire to reconnect with her past was an indication of her desire to assimilate with the American culture (Mukherjee, The Tiger’s Daughter 45). In another interview with Sharmani Patricia Gabriel, Mukherjee suggests that her intent in writing was to voice the experiences or identity crisis of the non-European immigrants in America (Gabriel 126). Dimple in Wife represents a fractured and subservient female identity in an alien land. Mukherjee’s work definitely shows the characters’ identity as plural and partial. Cultural crossover creates the way for a hybrid culture and a new means of cultural assimilation (Sarangi 140). Expatriation causes a crisis in the socio-psychological identity through physical dislocation. The changing of the nation creates a split identity that becomes the biggest problem for the émigrés. The crossover acculturation process makes both Tara and Dimple unique representations of the fractured identity so typical in a émigré. Central Theme Fractured identity is the creation of physical and physiological dislocation that makes the immigrant feel rootless. For instance, Dimple’s inability to adjust to her new life in America was an expression of her inability to adjust to the new culture. Initially, when she was left with the other Bengali wives she was repulsed for the women were no better than her society in Calcutta. She desperately wanted to leave her past, but when she finally reached the new land she did not feel a part of it and her nostalgia haunted her. However, when she was left alone in her Manhattan apartment, she felt isolated and trapped. Nevertheless, desperate to adapt to the new world, she succumbs to television where she watched programs screening violence in America. Dimple’s marginalisation was not limited to her émigré status. She was trapped in her marriage to Amit who dominated all facets of her existence. Dimple’s identity crisis was not only an outcome of cultural shock but also of patriarchal superiority that shatters female identity. In the very beginning of the novel, the inconsequentiality of Dimple’s d
It is no secret that modern Western anthropology and related disciplines were founded by white American and European scholars, many of whom held racist views. According to Gould, “…leaders and intellectuals did not doubt the propriety of racial ranking – with Indians below whites, and blacks below everybody else” (63). However, since the mid-20th century, many scientific theories that affect racial biology have been revised by a new generation of specialists. This paper will highlight the main methods of refuting the works of racist anthropologists and how they influenced the emergence of stereotypes about people of color. Scientific Techniques in the Analysis of Prejudices and Lies Unlike their predecessors, new anthropologists such as Gould and Stepan were free from racial prejudice. For example, Gould (86) uses comparative data analysis, bibliographic, and historical records to study the life and views of racist anthropologists and disprove and criticize their works. Stepan (360), on the other hand, approaches from a linguistic point of view, criticizing the incorrectness of analogy as a method of creating a scientific conclusion. Similar analytical work on the analysis of early anthropology made an invaluable contribution to the creation of an equal society in the last century. The Negative Impact of Analogy in Scientific Methodology The first approaches to the theory and practice of scientific activity were mostly primitive; therefore, they generated incorrect data and results. For example, racist stereotypes of blacks as animal beings are based on a comparison of human and ape skulls (Gould 67). Further use of the analogy in interpreting results led to the creation of an unscientific theoretical basis for the behavior of an entire group of people. A similar strategy in the field of gender research has driven to the development of negative stereotypes about women (Stepan, 361). Modern anthropology, with the help of the latest technologies, has been able to prove the wrongness and falsity of these racist and sexist studies. Conclusion This paper examined early racial biology through the prism of analysis of modern researchers. These specialists like Gould and Stepan, took into account the mistakes of the past and used real scientific strategies in the development of anthropological works. They also identified the origins of racial stereotypes that persist. Their works allowed me to understand that it is necessary to know the background of the authors of the studied materials to understand their relevance and competence. Works Cited Gould, Stephen J. The Mismeasure of Man (Revised and Expanded). W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. Stepan, Nancy L. “Race and Gender: The Role of Analogy in Science.” Isis , vol.77, no. 2, 1986, pp. 360-375.
The concept of art seems to be a very vague one. The more people try to define it, the more interpretations appear. The same can be told about the purposes of art. Different people have different views as far as this problem is concerned. Lois Fichtner-Rathus singles out fifteen purposes of art and presents them as a way of coming to better understand art. The current paper will focus on two of these purposes and the way they may be applied to various artworks. Namely, these are the purposes to express fantasy, stimulate the intellect, and fire emotions. Fichtner-Rathus admits that artists differ in the way they use art: some use it to reconstruct reality and commemorate actual experiences, whereas others use it to “give vent to their imaginary inner lives” (Fichner-Rathus, 2000, 10). According to him, fantasies that artists can reveal in their works can be of many types, “such as those found in dreams and daydreams or simply the objects and landscapes that are conceived by the imagination” (Fichner-Rathus, 2000, 10). Various tools help artists to render their fantasies to the viewers. In such a way the purpose of expressing fantasy gradually flows into the second purpose under consideration, that is, to make the admirers think profoundly and feel deeply. If the author’s fantasies are successfully revealed, the work of art will evoke many associations among the viewers. They may be of a different type: either some reminiscence, or reflections on the purposes of the artist, or emotional response, or an advance of self-knowledge or knowledge of the outside world. Sol Lewitt’s Lines for Four Corners to Points on a Grid (1976) and Jackson Pollock’s Number 14: Gray (1948) (Fichner-Rathus, 2000, 27) can be considered as wonderful examples of how the artist’s fantasy finds its embodiment in the works of art. Both artists resort to expressive qualities of art: the works present lines in the chaotic movement. One can only guess what the artists were thinking of at the moment when their works were created. This feeling of uncertainty evo
Introduction Change is relative to a thread. It is intertwined into both professional and personal components of lives. It has the ability to steadily occur within the environment mankind dwells in and even beyond. This ranges from occurrences in local and global events, different ways through which structured organizations do business in socio-economic and political governments and eventually at a communal level. In the advent of modernity, more complexity and relationships cause changes that affect us in one way or another. Developmental efforts in an organization, whether facilitated by an outsider or an insider expert and achieved through performance, bring about planned organizational change. There in only one type of change that can occur in an organization (Bass 1990). Changes in an organization can be either planned, unplanned, or both. Nevertheless, changes in an organization may occur in universal dimensions. For example, planned change within chief justice, support to employees, and appropriations will dramatically change the traits of judicial organizational education. Besides, it will cause alignments in the institutions, the state bar, small law colleges, and other higher learning institutions. In addition, professionalism in the judicial system is all expected to bring about similar effects. Planning for a change in an organization normally requires a conscious and attentive effort either from the managers or educators. Kotter (1995) initiated the master of change concept. In his description, he refers to the organization or an individual adept of expecting change needs to adopt change in productivity to reinforce change process in management role. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to analyze the use of ‘change’ reference to managers who have an interest of bringing some organization transformation in the environment and the work force they manage. Reflectively, unless there is a need for change from the management, such a change cannot take place in any organization. This is bec
Executive summary Don Fisher started Gap Inc. in 1969. It specializes in making and marketing clothes following current fashion designs. The company has a portfolio of about 3191 stores worldwide with a workforce of more than 15000 employees. The company was started with a goal of satisfying its customer appetite for fashions in the world which has been achieved through the keeping of some of its values. The company has a production system divided into six phases. The company has a revenue of more than $15.9 billion. GAP’ mission GAP has a mission of making its customers express their customer’s style in their life by providing to them the best in the clothing industry. It strives every day to accomplish its mission through upholding certain values which have kept it as a market leader for a long period of time now. The key values that comprise the company’s culture include integrity, respect, open-mindedness, quality, and balance. These values and align with their goals which helps the company offer the best to its customers. Introduction Gap Inc. was established with an aim of helping customers to access clothes. It was founded by Don Fisher in 1969. Gap Inc. is the leading and the largest specialty retailer in the world. It has more than 3191 stores with revenue totaling more than $15.9 billion. Its line of operation includes Gap, banana republic, Old Navy, and Piper lime. It has infested a lot in customers’ satisfaction and corporate social responsibility. Since its establishment, the company has undergone a lot of transformation to become the current leader it is in the clothing industry. It has been ranked as one of the leading companies in the clothing industry having been ranked at 53 in Universum survey in 2006, a top 100 company in Audit Integrity in 2007, and the corporate citizens. It has been recognized in many awards in the business cycle. Growth of Gap Inc From its formation in 1969 Gap experienced growth and in 1979 its sales had reached $2 million opening another store in San Jose. In 1976 it went public selling more about 1.2 million. In 1986 it opened its first Gap Kids store in San Mateo and in 1987 opened a store in London making a sale of 1 billion. In 1997 it opened an online store at gap.com and was named a marketer of the year. In 2003 Bob Fisher stepped down as the chairman and in 2004 it issued its social responsibility report. This shows how Gap Inc. has developed throughout the years to emerge as a leading company. Internal analysis Organization chart In the management, Gap is headed by the Chairman who heads the board of directors. The day-to-day running of the company is headed by the Chief Executive officer who is also the president of the company. Drexler Millard was the first CEO of the company in 1983. Murphy is currently the Chairman and CEO. It has a workforce of more than 15,000 employees. Production process Gap makes its own clothes. The process of making the clothes is divided into 5 phases. Phase one involves the design and merchandising. Clothes are made according to the new designs in the market.
Introduction This law was passed to eliminate price discrimination. It prohibits traders from selling the same types of goods to different sets of consumers at different prices unless certain conditions arise. It was designed to protect small retailers from undue competition from large retail chains that could use their buying power to get price discounts. The Robinson – Patman Act is a statute that was passed in 1936 (15 USCA § 13(a-f)) This topic is important to me because I plan on starting my own business in the future. It will be a small enterprise, so this may put me at the mercy of large retail chains. I need to familiarize myself with the concept to use that knowledge in my practical transactions. The paper will start with a written statement of what the legislation entails; some definitions will be given at the end of this section. This will be followed by a look at the purpose or the goal behind the Act and a subsequent case law analysis will be done. These latter steps will be critical in establishing how the law has been applied. That goal will be summarized through a look at the social impact of the legislation. Legislation Robinson Patman Act 15 USCA § 13 Price selection of customers It is unlawful to directly or indirectly discriminate on price when selling goods of the same grade and quality to different consumers, where the products are sold for consumption or resale in the United States, and the effect of that discrimination is to build a monopoly or reduce competition in whichever line of commerce or prevent or destroy competition with the person who gains from the discrimination. This section is applicable provided that no such thing exists to necessitate a price differential such as delivery costs, selling costs, and delivery costs that result from the quantities and methods used to sell the commodities. Addit
Law can be defined as a system of rules that a particular country or community recognizes as governing the actions of its members. Consequently, the law is followed by penalties or punishments for violating these coercive rules or regulations. Moreover, it is the decision-making body of a country (state) or community that implements these rules according to the wishes of the majority of citizens. Penalties, such as sanctions and punishments, apply to those who do not comply with these laws. In this way, the legislation is the basis for maintaining a just and equitable society. Ethics are a system of moral principles; they contribute to the creation of morality among people in a certain society or community (Halbert & Ingulli, 2020). Ethics do not necessarily bring penalties, as they are religious and social beliefs and principles. It is significant to note that the principles of ethics do not play the same role for everyone. Thus, ethics cannot always make individuals behave appropriately because the values of ethics differ from the human mind. Accordingly, one cannot create a single code of ethics because people evaluate certain cases based on their perceptions. It should be pointed out that virtue ethics focuses on the person for whom a certain action is taken (Halbert & Ingulli, 2020). Thus, decision-making depends on the morality and wisdom of the individual. At the same time, utilitarianism is centered on the consequences of these acts. An example is that the decision to buy a car for one’s sister from a utilitarian perspective should be interpreted as helping one’s sister, who is now more likely to arrive at work. Although according to virtue ethics, such a decision’s value is demonstrating good intentions and generosity. Reference Halbert, T., & Ingulli, E. (2020). Law and ethics in the business environment (8 th ed.). Cengage Learning.
With this evaluation, one can establish the source of uniqueness in a company’s product or service offering and, therefore, what attributes the company should play up in order to attract the target market. Panera Bread, in the intention of entering the Australian market, must carry out a comprehensive, competitive analysis (Sandler and Keefe, 2005. Pg. 49). Location For Panera Bread to succeed in the Australian market, it has to have a clear picture of the locations of the stores of all the leading competitors. First, Gloria Jean’s Coffees has over 480 coffee stores in Australia. Secondly, McDonald’s in Australia had a total of 811 outlets at the end of 2010. Finally, Baker’s Delight has some 122 store locations in Australia. Panera Bread, to succeed in the new market, must invest in setting up a large number of outlets in the key areas of Australia (Lesser, 2005. Pg. 75). Layout Layout is about the configuration of departments, work centres, and equipment, with particular emphasis on movement of work, customers or materials, through the system (Crall, 2004. Pg. 88). In July 2011, Gloria Jeans introduced an open format store layout that is more relaxed, spacious and puts the coffee machine on display. Both McDonald/McCafe and Bakers Delight have invested in developing layout that has comfortable chairs, with groupings of tables and chairs. Panera Bread’s layout, on the other hand, includes an average of 4600 square feet of space per outlet. The introduction of a new G-2 café design further enhances the appeal of Panera as warm and appealing to customers. The new design has cosier seats and a brighter and more open display case. Some outlets even have fire places. This is a considerable achievement compared to the competitors (Carysforth, 2006. Pg. 99). Food/service quality The quality of service and food is the main feature that attracts customers to fast food eating places. McDonald’s drew in customers with its “healthier choices” menu. McDonald’s products carried 85 per cent less trans-fat after using a cholesterol-free oil blend. Bakers Delight, on the other hand, uses real ingredients to produce traditional and gourmet breads. Gloria Jean’s Coffees has high quality gourmet coffee beans and tea shopping with more than 30 flavours of coffees and teas, including gifts and treats. Compared to its competitors, Panera bread has considerable competitive advantage in the quality of its products. Panera Bread’s signature meal, the artisan bread, contains no preservatives or chemicals. The high qualities of foods at Panera Bread are essential as it enters the Australian market. Panera bread also has over 20 varieties of bread baked throughout the day, promising high quality products. Panera Bread will surely succeed in dominating the market through its quality products and services (Peter and Donelly, 2011. Pg. 306). Franchise style Gloria Jean’s offers training and marketing support to its franchisees. On the other hand, McDonalds offers a generally recognizable