ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Despite the development of medicine and medications to avoid unwanted pregnancies, this problem is still relevant in today’s world. In cases where the process of fetal development has already begun in a woman’s body, there is an abortion procedure that allows the cycle to be terminated. This possibility is an ambiguous decision, around which there are discussions and views on abortion as a positive technology and as a negative that destroys society. It is necessary to analyze abortion techniques and come to a conclusion about this process. Before considering abortion, it is necessary to understand its types and identify the differences between spontaneous and procedural. Analyzing the spontaneous type of abortion, we must say that it gets rid of unwanted pregnancy without surgical intervention in a woman’s body (ALFRED CIOFFI, 2019). In turn, it is subdivided into two types, depending on the term of pregnancy:   * Medical abortion. Medical abortion is currently the safest technology for terminating a pregnancy, and it does not require surgical intervention (ALFRED CIOFFI, 2019). Patients are undergoing medical abortions take medications to a prescribed schedule.   * Vacuum abortion. This procedure involves medical intervention into the uterine cavity using special equipment (vacuum aspirator). What about procedural abortion, this type is an extreme means of getting rid of an unwanted pregnancy. The doctor uses special instruments to dilate the cervix, after which the fetal egg tissue is destroyed and scraped out. Before completing the operation, the surgeon must ensure that all the contents are removed from the uterus (ALFRED CIOFFI, 2019). The effectiveness of the method is very high and amounts to 97% (ALFRED CIOFFI, 2019). Despite its efficacy, surgical abortion is only worthwhile in extreme cases, as there are risks to a woman’s reproductive health (especially for those who have never given birth). To summarize, it is better to resort to non-surgical methods. It is worth emphasizing once again that the above techniques of abortion depend on the duration of pregnancy. Thus, if pregnancy is up to 20 days, the vacuum abortion is used, up to 9 weeks – medicinal and 12 weeks – surgical (ALFRED CIOFFI, 2019). In addition, there is a moral and ethical side to abortion. The fact is that the Catholic religion recognizes this procedure as a sin because, based on the idea of Jesus and God’s attitude toward human life, abortion is a choice that violates and denigrates the work of the Highest. By this, the church directs all efforts to maintain the life and health of the human being by promoting that the human being has a soul, which appears in the first moments of conception (USCCB, 2018). From the religious point of view, the individual’s soul is the most precious thing that the Almighty has given to the world, and, accordingly, to get rid of it is considered murder. The religious point of view is widespread in society and manifests itself through the condemnation and censure of women who will have an abortion. S
Introduction With the increase in the world’s population in recent years and hence the demand for food, agricultural production has to increase to remain at par with the same lest we lose the entire humanity. Because productive land is limited, it is for this reason that agriculturists are looking for alternative ways to maximize agricultural production. As such, cropping of genetically homogeneous crops has been associated with reduced yield. To curb this, intercropping has been researched to have beneficial effects once the correct ratios are used, consequently minimizing Intra and inter-specific competition. Intercropping can be beneficial if it enhances weed suppression, niche differentiation, and resource use-sharing (Baird, Shirtliffe & Walley, 2009). Moreover, studies have shown that intercropping plays a significant role in declined disease and pest incidences thanks to crop diversification. Consequently, crop diversification promotes a varied niche vital in supporting the survival of various but, beneficial microorganisms and insects (Ofori & Stern, 1987). To achieve optimum returns from intercropping then the crop species in question ought to vary significantly about phonology and morphology, consequently promoting niche differentiation and positive symbiotic association. Plant density, species ratios, crop architecture, spatial orientation, species life cycle, and the relative task of intra and inter-specific antagonism ought to be factored in when choosing intercropping species to curtail competition in favor of growth (Neumann, Schmidtke & Rauber, 2007). In recent years, cereal-legume intercropping has been common a practice. This has been reported to have increased grain yield and biomass ratio and hence; reduced production costs. Basically, in this scenario, the legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen which is later utilized by cereals and as such, a grower requires less application nitrogen-based fertilizer to boost the yield. Intercropping oats versus lentils is a typical example of cereal-legume intercropping (McDonald, Hollaway & McMurray, 2007). As such, in this experiment, the essence is to ascertain that there is no competition between the substrates and hence our null hypothesis (H 0 ). This is because in entirely all the occasions when done properly this is what is expected; the overall yield increases. Importantly, the research design is such that replacement series methodology is used to optimize intercrop gain. This maintains the overall species density while varying the species proportions. Because intra-specific competition might probably play a massive role in changing the population densities which is not captured by the above design, a density series design needs to be run for comprehensive research (Ofori & Stern, 1987). Methods In this experiment, the station for the experiment was in a greenhouse. As such, each group of students was responsible for setting up the experiment concerning a set proportion in a tray but
What is the difference, if any, between a group and a team? In what situations would using a team make work more effective, efficient, and productive? A team refers to a gathering of individuals who depend on one another to achieve specific goals and objectives. Thus, a team is characterized by a common goal and specialized individuals. On the other hand, a group refers to a gathering of people who are out to achieve their own individual goals, and there is no commonality of purpose. Hence, in a group, one individual does not depend on the efforts of others to achieve certain objectives. A team always proves to be more efficient, effective, and productive than a group in cases of handling a long term project. This happens because such a project would need team effort, the commonality of goals and objectives, as well as some aspect of specialization from every member. What is a distributed team? Describe the pros and cons of working on such a team A distributed team refers to individuals who have to achieve a common goal but work from different geographical locations during different times without being tied up to the normal conventional office space (Butterfield, 2011). The pros of a distributed team are that it is cheaper since there is no need to have an office space, work is done on a 24 hour basis due to the difference in time zones globally, there is increased diversity because the team is composed of members from different cultural backgrounds and the team is likely to have the best employees as it is not limited to recruiting from a single locality. The cons of this team are that work progress is hard to track and only depends on the honesty of team members, it is difficult to create a team culture since members are not close to one another, and there is a minimal model of communication limited that is limited to telephone calls, video conferencing and instant messages. What roles can people play on a team? The roles people can play in a team, depending on their individual strengths and weakness. There are people who can help in achieving the team goals and objectives by being the co-coordinators, while some people can be resourceful by providing ideas for the team, such people are referred to as innovators. More so, a team also needs to plan how it will achieve its objectives and thus the need for planners. Evaluators and specialists are also needed to come up with the right schedule, budget, and path to be followed by the team members. Finally, the work of a team cannot be a success without the individuals who implement the ideas and plans in order to achieve the goals; these people are known as the implementers and project finishers. What is groupthink; and what can a group do to avoid groupthink? Groupthink refers to instances when members of a group make irrational decisions that defy logic as well as common sense simply because they lack proper mental judgment. This sort of be
Introduction Everyone deserves to be treated in a just manner. However, and unfortunately, the concept of justice seems to mean different things to different people. This essay seeks to explain and defend the concept of justice according to one Thrasymachus. Life of Thrasymachus The exact year of birth of Thrasymachus remains unclear. Dionysius intimated that Thrasymachus was younger than Lysias . Dionysius wrongly believed that Lysias was born in 459 BC . According to Aristotle, Thrasymachus lived between the times of Tisias and those of Theodorus although he did not state the exact dates. Cicero indicated that Thrasymachus and Gorgias lived around the same time. Aristophanes seems to give an exact reference for Thrasymachus life in the mention of his play, Banqueters which was performed in the year 427 BC. It is therefore probable that Thrasymachus had been a teacher in Athens for some period before the play was performed. In his writings, Thrasymachus makes reference to Archelaos, the King of Macedonia between 413 and 399 BC . Rightly so, Thrasymachus was on the scene in the fifth century BC (Rauhut). The Concept of Justice according to Thrasymachus Other than his date of birth being unclear, his philosophical ideas are also not clear. Some people believe that he was a Sophist. It is in the Book One of Plato’s Republic that Thrasymachus becomes visible. His encounter with Socrates is dramatic and emotional as he attacks the position taken by Socrates that justice is a vital good (Rauhut). Thrasymachus asserts that ‘injustice, if it is on a large enough scale, is stronger, freer, and more masterly than justice’ (Rauhut). As they argue with Socrates on the issue of injustice, Thrasymachus says that justice “is nothing more than the advantage of the stronger” (sparknotes). In other words, justice for the poor does not exist. As we know it, justice is a preserve of the stronger. This could be stronger in terms of wealth or power. According to him, it pays not to be just and it is not the person who behaves justly who benefits but the person who acts unjustly. The assumption here is that those in power are always unjust but they access justice at the expense of the weak. The only just thing that we can do to justice is to ignore it in totality. From the long discussion with Socrates, three major issues are raised by Thrasymachus, three attempts at defining the concept of justice. Thrasymachus sees justice as the advantage that the stronger have over the weak. By strong is meant those in power, the rulers, and the rich and so on. Secondly, Thrasymachus perceives justice as an imposing laws on people; obedience to the laws of the land. Lastly, Thrasymachus sees justice as that adv
Introduction That business causes profound effects on society is a well-known fact. The main purpose of legitimate business activity is to improve the lives and wellbeing of citizens in ways that make organizations profitable. Simply stated, organizations and businesses cannot be successful, unless they benefit the society in which they operate. Unfortunately, businesses produce a multitude of negative effects on society. The explosion at BP’s Macondo oil well in 2010 confirmed that businesses were a serious threat to stability and peace in the American society. Only a broad regulatory move can help to resolve the ecological and economic safety problems in the U.S. oil industry. The explosion at BP’s Macondo oil well and the subsequent spill of almost 5 million barrels of oil into Louisiana waters was one of the hot topics in the U.S. in 2010. The New York Times called the oil spill “a potentially unprecedented environmental disaster” (Broder & Zeller). The exact causes of the disaster are poorly understood. It would be fair to say that a combination of mechanical and human failures caused an unprecedented ecological catastrophe in the Gulf of Mexico. The largest oil spill in the history of America, the blowout that killed 11 men and resulted in enormous economic losses, the Deepwater Horizon tragedy was a logical result of the BP’s failure to anticipate and address the complexities in operational implementation, engineering design, and team interfaces (Clayton). The tragedy was not merely the product of BP’s carelessness but a reflection of an “industrywide culture of complacency” (“One Year Later: Editorial”). For years, companies in the U.S. oil industry paid no attention to the technical and safety requirements. The results of internal investigation suggest that the main reasons of the tragedy include but are not limited to faulty cement at the bottom of the oil well, incorrect and unprofessional evaluation of negative pressures, and the presence of natural gas in the engine and ventilation systems (Clayton). Technical and human failures in the oil industry cause profound effects on the lives and wellbeing of the American people. The scope of the ecological damage is difficult to estimate. 1,000 miles of contaminated beaches and soiled fish nurseries are just the beginning (“One Year Later: Editorial”). Years will pass before scientists can estimate the damage caused to the tiny organisms in the Louisiana marine ecosystem. The economic effects of the oil spill are no less serious. Following the oil spill, President Obama put a moratorium on deep-water drilling in the Gulf of Mexico (Zeller). “Each exploration and production job represents four supporting jobs in and around the region. If that is the case, thousands of jobs – and millions of dollars in wages – could be affected by the work stoppage.” (Z
Introduction The purpose of this report is to determine ways through which Wesker Innovations can effectively expand its recruitment process and turn away from the traditional campus enrolment that it currently engages in. This report will examine the major types of social media recruitment and their limitations to draw the recommendations that the firm should implement for it to develop the most effective employee enrolment criteria. This report will help the firm to do way with the traditional campus recruitment that it has used for many years, which has a number of limitations. Social media platforms such as Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook, make it very easy for employers to reach as many potential employees as possible within a short time. The only thing that the employers need to do to reach the potential employees is to post the jobs on the social media sites. Wesker Innovations can also reap these benefits if it embraces the idea of social media recruitment (Deb 140). The report will outline all the major issues concerning social media recruitment, which include the types available, the benefits of this new method and the limitations of campus recruitment among others. This report is expected to be of great help to Michael Their, who is the human resource coordinator at Wesker, as well as the firm. Needs for Social Media Recruitment Types of Recruitment The major types of recruitment in most firms include: internal, external, and third party. Most firms allow their current employees to apply for the new posts that come up before they are posted externally. In the internal recruitment, the posts to be filled are posted on the firm’s websites and as posters in other busy places within its premises such as information boards and cafeterias. In this type of recruitment, a firm can also send its HR team to education institutions to recruit suitable individuals from the students. This method of recruitment is called campus recruitment and is done in collaboration with the institutions’ placement offices. In most cases, the firms take full control of internal recruitment (Deb 141). In cases where the internal recruitment fails to produce the most desired candidates, the external recruitment becomes the best option. In this type of recruitment, a firm seeking to recruit employees posts the open positions on local newspapers, internet job boards, and other external places where the public can view them. The firm may also ask for referrals from its current employees. The collected resumes are then evaluated to determine the most suitable candidates (Deb 140). The third type of recruitment involves seeking the services of a third party. Third parties in this case mainly consist of recruitment agencies and companies. A firm wishing to fill its open vacancies delegates the recruitment job to the agencies, which do the whole process of enrolment on behalf of the company. In the third part
Relevance of conducting a life cycle analysis from a business prospective Environmental awareness is on the rise, and industries and businesses are evaluating ways through which their activities impinge on the environment. In response to this awareness, businesses have provided green products and are using greener processes as well as environmental management tools in their production of goods and services. An example of such a tool is life cycle analysis, also referred to as life cycle assessment. Conducting a life cycle analysis is one of the most important processes done today for the successful implementation of environmental sustainability. One of the uses of this process is identifying and categorizing decisive areas whereby the environmental performance of a product can be made better. Businesses will prefer life cycle analysis because of its unique characteristics unlike other environmental sustainability systems; for example, it covers all the environmental releases and processes beginning with raw material extraction as well as energy production used in the creation of products, in addition to the use of the products and their final disposal. It is therefore relevant when deciding between two alternatives, as it can help decision-makers make comparisons on the major impacts caused by goods, services or processes (Seliger, Khraisheh, & Jawahir, 2011). As a cradle to grave process, life cycle analysis evaluates every stage of the life of a product. The process is also relevant for businesses because it makes it possible to estimate the cumulative environmental effects that result from all the stages involved in the product’s life cycle. These effects may not be included in other methods of analysis, for example effects of raw material extraction or effects son product disposal. This way, the analysis process enables businesses to have a comprehensive view of the various environmental aspects of the product as well as a more accurate image of the real environmental trade-offs involved (Cohen, 2010). The cradle to grave life cycle of a newspaper Raw material extraction and processing Newspapers, just like other types of papers, are made of connected fibers. These fibers are obtained from a variety of sources including plants, trees, or even cloth rags. For newspapers, sawmills provide the fiber. Strong paper is usually made from coniferous trees because the fibers found in the pulp of these trees make strong paper. The trees are referred to as softwood trees. The increasing demand for paper has however led to the use of almost every species of trees to extract logs. These trees undergo the logging process, which can be achieved using sawmills (Ranchhod & Marandi, 2012). Manufacturing The first step in manufacturing is making pulp. Various processes are used to convert logs to wood pulp. The mechanical process is a commonly used process; here, logs are crushed in big drums to remove bark. Subsequently, they are taken
Government as a Catalyst: The Thompson-Perry Argument Support or contradict? According to the Thompson-Perry argument, collaboration involves interactive co-operation between two or more bodies with mutual interests (Stillman, 2009). The two groups are not always in the same domain or share similar interests, but they come together in a collaborative effort and combine their resources to achieve a common goal. The case study ‘Government as a Catalyst’ ultimately supports the Thompson-Perry argument. Although it may not be a perfect model of the Thompson-Perry argument, it contains three key elements that make it remarkably similar. First, it involves a collaborative effort between several stakeholders that have similar interests. Secondly, the stakeholders involved are all interested in making the situation a win-win situation for all of them. Third, and perhaps most importantly, it follows Thompson and Perry’s process framework. The Philadelphia Municipal Wireless Network (MWN) is a perfect example of the initiative that involves ‘collaborative public management’ with the interest of the public, private sector and the economy as a whole to benefit. It requires co-operation of the public sector and the private sector, as well as the citizens, for it to succeed. With a MWN in the city, Philadelphia’s socio-economic potential was broadened. As a result, the local economy was improved, there is an increased communication at a cheaper price, and businesses benefir from a boost in the internet connectivity. Today, most businesses and individuals are significantly dependent on the internet. Finally, the Philadelphia MWN initiative follows the three key steps of the collaboration process: negotiation, commitment and implementation. The Collaboration Process Thompson and Perry maintain that collaboration is a process-oriented phenomenon involving negotiation, commitment and implementation (Stillman, 2009). This cyclic process is supported by the Game Theory. As research has shown for several times, during a period of a socio-economic dilemma, individuals are more likely to invest in ways that will change the system itself in order to promote joint outcomes. Although a definite definition of collaboration does not exist, there are certain elements that all definitions must have. First, the collaboration process involves a number of stakeholders brought together by common interests with the aim of benefitting mutually. Secondly, collaboration becomes possible when the stakeholders create rules and structures that govern their relationship. Finally, the stakeholders interact through a series of formal and informal negotiations. The process’ three key phases are all interrelated cyclically, and they are assessed by all stakeholders based on reciprocity. Negotiation is usually the first step in the collaboration process. During negotiation, different stakeholders interact with one another via formal bargains and informal sense-making. Once formal and informal relationships are formed and certain terms areagreed u