ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Based on my personal opinion, Julius Caesar was a highly influential Roman, as a leader and as an ordinary person. He is a person who greatly influenced the then Roman people, as well as the recent generations, including Western culture affiliates. He lived between July 100 BC and March 44 BC. Caesar was a statesman, Roman General, and a renowned writer of Latin literature. He was a major actor in bringing about the gradual revolution of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. Among the milestones of his life, in 60 BC, together with Pompey, he formed the political alliance, an establishment created to dominate Roman politics for a number of years. However, their attempts to converge power through populist movements, were greatly opposed by the conservative elite class within the Roman senate. These included Cato the younger, and Cicero. Caesar’s conquest over Gaul was accomplished by 51 BC, leading to the expansion of Rome’s coverage to the English Channel and the Rhine area. Caesar recorded the accomplishment of becoming the first Roman Empire, to cross both boundaries, after building a bridge across the Rhine and leading the first invasion into the British territory (Thorne, 2003). Discussion The accomplishments which Caesar achieved, marked him as an unmatched military leader, who would command massive military power, which led to his eclipsing of Pompey’s standing. The division of power among the two was further threatened by the death of Crassus in 53 BC. Later, the political realignments taking place in Roman rule led to confrontation between Caesar and Pompey, with Pompey assuming the course of the senate. Through the demands of the senate, Caesar was required to face a trial in Rome, over a number of charges. Instead, Caesar accompanied by one legion, marched from Gaul to Italy, during which, he crossed the Rubicon in 49 BC. The march sparked a civil war, which left Caesar, the unopposed leader of the Roman Republic. After taking up leadership over the government, he started widespread reforms of the Roman society and the government system. Further, he centralized the bureaucracy of the Roman Republic, thus was declared a dictator in precedence. Later on, a number of senators led by Marcus Brutus, ordered the assassination of Caesar in 44 BC, hoping that his death would help revert the system to the constitutional republic government system. However, the unexpected came about, as a series of civil wars took place, which led to the ultimate permanent establishment of the Roman Empire by Caesar’s adopted heir, Octavius (Augustus Caesar). The larger part of Caesars life was marked by his military
Syphilis is a dangerous sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is induced by bacteria. The areas that may be infected by syphilis are the mouth, lips, genitalia, and anus. The most typical way of getting the disease is having sexual contact with a person ill with it. However, it is also possible for the illness to be passed from a mother to a baby during pregnancy. The following stages of syphilis are identified: primary, secondary, early latent, late latent, and tertiary (Mattei, Beachkofsky, Gilson, & Wisco, 2012). At the early stages, the symptom of the disease is a painless sore that is small in size that is called nontender genital chancre (Mattei et al., 2012, p. 434). It may cause swelling or a non-itchy rash. The symptoms may disappear, and a person may live with the disease for many years without being aware of it. Exam findings include lesions that may be found on the patient’s fingers, tongue, nipples, anus, or some other extragenital sites (Mattei et al., 2012). When performing the examination, a doctor should be extremely thorough because the manifestations of the disease may be similar to many other illnesses. Therefore, it is necessary to inquire about the social and sexual history of the patient, ask about the number of sexual partners, the history of STDs, the use of condoms, and the intravenous use of drugs. Syphilis is most commonly diagnosed through serologic testing and clinical findings (Henao-Martínez & Johnson, 2014). S
In this 1961 short story by John Updike, we meet a teenager named Sammy who works for the A&P. His job as the store clerk exposes him to various types of people and attitudes. He views the elders as people who are set in their ways and often just waiting for the youth to make a mistake so that they can bear down on them. This is one of the reasons for the conflict in the story. When 3 girls walk into the store wearing only their bathing suits, Lengel, the store manager is appalled and openly admonishes the women. Sammy views this as disrespect for the women and cannot abide by it. In the hopes of showing the girls that he does not view them the same way as the store manager, he quits his job. The manager warns him of the repercussions of his actions but Sammy still pursues it because he felt like he had no choice. At the beginning of the story, we see Sammy as a happy-go-lucky 19-year-old who does not have many dreams in life and probably works at the store on a part-time basis to help out at home. However, his observations of the clientele help him shape a view of the others in the community, and sadly, it is not an image that appeals to him. Even though he is treated rudely by one of the customers, he still manages to speak to her calmly and respectfully. After all, this was expected of him. But, he also expected that the people of his age could have been treated with an ounce of respect as well when tact and decency were called for in handling the bathing suit clientele situation. In the end, we saw Sammy suddenly thrust into a mature world of having to take a stand for what he believed in and following through on his actions. Although we can say that he became an adult in a matter of hours, the truth is that he was still more of a child as he wondered about and feared the repercussions of his actions. Exactly how would the world treat him from then on?
According to some regulations, children are liable for the consequences of their acts if they are at an age in which they can distinguish between what is right and what is wrong. Bobby cannot be held liable for the injury because he was not capable of “forming the specific intent required to commit the tort” (Duhaime). If playing basketball is deemed as an adult activity, then Bobby can be as well held responsible for his action as would an adult participating in an adult activity. A liability on the part of the hospital was possible after amputating the first and second wrist because according to EMTALA, there is a need for screening of the emergency medical condition. The hospital is also liable for the doctor’s action according to this regulation (American Association for Justice; The Free Library). The doctor stands to blame because although he attended to the treatment, he was misguided on the actual condition. His failure to address the actual condition led to the wrong diagnosis which led to the amputation of even the second wrist. A liability arises because of the negligence of the nurse to delay treatment and referral for better treatment once Bobby was brought to the hospital. In addition to providing urgent treatment, the nurse was supposed to make sure that the actual condition was determined for the necessary action. The delay in treatment resulted in a complication that made it necessary for amputation. The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) (42 U.S.C. 1395dd (b) provides that hospitals may be sued by patients if there is negligence on the part of the practitioners relating to medical treatment. It is required that the hospital must stabilize the patient’s condition if the condition is emergency, before transferring them to a public from a private hospital. This is the case for hospitals providing Medicare benefits. For liability to occur in EMTALA, there has to be negligence of the duty to stabilize. The negligence is not based on the failure of the hospital to detect the condition. The negligence is counted on whether the hospital neglected the duty to treat, but after identifying an emergency medical condition. In fact, it is required that the doctors on duty be fully aware of the emergency medical condition, if a liability has to occur. A further explanation reveals that for a liability to arise, the requirement is for the hospital to determine that the patient is manifesting symptoms of sufficient severity so that his medical condition will be termed emergency. This is in contrast or diversion from the perception that the hospital must have knowledge of the “specific condition” of the patient (Stevens). Comparative negligence is a principle of tort law which provides that each person’s negligence leading to occurrence of an accident, is based on their contribution to the accident. The use of comparative negligence determines who should be held responsible for the losses during or after accidents. For
Introduction Today, hotels are focusing on consistency and quality while offering the right price to the guests. This means that guest satisfaction and branding are the right tools to use since the products and services offered are unseen. Branding is used to promote quality by offering guests information that they require while enticing them to use the products and services. It can be a valuable strategy for gaining a competitive advantage over the rest of the competitors. Hotels can maximize this strategy by offering a variety of brands for the same product while targeting different markets. The brand value is determined by the level of awareness that customers have concerning a certain brand. This means that the quality of the products and services offered by a hotel is determined by the customer’s perception and the satisfaction obtained from the information provided. In hospitality, when customers are satisfied, they purchase more, become less price conscious, and attract more customers by informing their close friends. When this happens, a hotel gains a lot of customers and the revenue increases (O’Neill, 2004). This article will discuss on the various ways through which a hotel can gain a competitive advantage through branding. It will also provide insights for managers to apply in branding and customer satisfaction. Hotel Brand Management in Relation Customer Satisfaction The hotel industry has focused its attention on customer satisfaction, and this has been used to measure the operational success. It has also been used to measure whether the branding strategies used are effective in increasing productivity. Therefore, branding affects customer satisfaction directly and is used to increase the market share. When assessed from a corporate strategy’s point of view, brands that are well managed reflect an increase in market share. However, the results from service quality research indicate mixed results. This means that service quality can only be achieved when guests have an opportunity to experience a hotel’s service while branding is open to a wider market. It reaches potential customers whose perception can only be obtained from the information that they get (Yap, 20
Communications research is a field that every successful organization should invest in, if it is interested in the maximization of service production and guaranteeing consumer satisfaction. The claim comes in because it equips an organization to deal with its research questions concerning issues such as usage, branding, advertising, new product introduction, and pricing among others. Such insight is necessary both for making inter-organizational projections, and in judging consumers’ reactions to the organization’s policy. Therefore, the PR Department has to spend some of the organization’s limited funds to conduct such a research, with hopes of making amends on the image projected by the organization to the public, as well as to fellow personnel. In terms of objectives, this research will aim at gleaning as much information as possible concerning the effectiveness of three data collection methods; interviewing, questionnaires, and observation, which are most commonly applied by the organization in research. It will also study other available options, their effectiveness, and comparability with the former three in terms of meeting the organization’s demands. The knowledge drawn from such research will be instrumental in analyzing the organization’s ability to interact with the subjects of its previous, present and future researches. It will also improve the credibility of the organization should its competence, or integrity in the execution of its objectives ever be questioned by external forces. Finally, it will come up with the best approach of collecting information from subjects while best presenting it as their ally, which in turn will give it credence in the local community, and provide ease with which information can be obtained. Thus, the relationship with its publics will be secured further. The research topics in need of exploration are outlined below; three topics of study, which this research will propose, and the reasons are outlined alongside each topic. These are:  1. Interviewing – as a way of communicating, an interview is only effective where language is not a barrier. This makes previous findings of research thus conducted suspect, as this is a foreign organization with a native language differing from that of the host community.  2. Questionnaires – this method requires the respondents to be literate or to understand researchers’ questions in the questionnaires. Again, the community in question is still developing and thus characteristic of rampant illiteracy thus invalidating most of the data presented in questionnaires.  3. Observation- this method has proved ineffective especially if the subject of the research is hostile to the researchers, as is the case with our organization’s relationship with the local community. Moreover, there is a high probability of reporting inaccurate findings due to a change in routine by the subjects, which would go unnoticed by the observer, as well as a lack of understanding of the su
Understanding the external situation and its influence on a certain company is one of the most significant tasks. To survive and reap the benefit, an organization must evaluate the existing conditions and use reliable and relevant methods. In this context, DISH Network is not an exception. However, large organizations assessment differs from that of the smaller companies, and it is important to select appropriate frameworks. In this paper, the combination of PEST and Porter’s 5 Forces analysis is examined as a suitable way to provide information concerning the external environment. The usage of the obtained results is described. Finally, the activities necessary for the external analysis at the macro-level and their connection with micro-level analysis endeavors are viewed. PEST and Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis In terms of external business environment assessment, PEST analysis is one of the most advantageous and common options (Gupta, 2013). What distinguishes this type of analysis is its orientation to external factors, namely political, economic, social, and technological ones, that make an impact on a company. PEST analysis gives a chance to concentrate on targeted areas of significance for large and small businesses. However, many present-day industries tend to “consolidate around fewer but larger competitors” (Gupta, 2013, p. 15). The sphere of direct-broadcast satellite services fits this description (Negrine, 2013). PEST approach seems to be appropriate because it takes into account the most important criteria that help keep pace with competitors. It is especially essential about large companies: while small businesses have different goals and target audience, it is easy for a large company, such as DISH, to lose their clients and take losses. Another type of analysis is Porter’s 5 Forces framework. It is also an effective tool to assess the external environment: one can understand not only the strengths of their current competitive position but also the potential strengths of the future position (Heger & Rohrbeck, 2012). As the name of the approach implies, five significant forces are identified to evaluate a certain business situation and industry: competition, new market actors’ capacity, suppliers’ influence, customers’ influence, and threats of alternative products. The best strategy for DISH Network and other large companies is to combine PEST and Porter’s 5 Forces analysis. In the first stage, PEST analysis helps identify the environment, particularly competitors: as it has been demonstrated above, rivalry-related risks of a large company are high. On the second stage, 5 Forces analysis determines the exact opportunities connected with the revealed risks; in other words, the problems are addressed using corresponding measures consideration. For example, h
Abstract This paper describes the issues based on the development policy of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the efforts made by the government to conserve the ANWR. This paper also includes several aspects of the policy like future assumptions for ANWR with taking, the protection and conservation measures of ANWR, into account. Introduction “The Arctic National Wildlife Range was established in 1960. This designation was a promise to the American people to preserve the area’s ‘unique wildlife, wilderness, and recreational values.’(Lieland, 2006, p. 3)” Before starting the analysis of development policy, let me explain briefly about the ANWR (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge). The ANWR is spread over nineteen million acres of northeast Alaska and the authority of administration of ANWR is in the hand of the Fish and Wildlife Services. The coastal area of ANWR is currently seen as one of the favorite on-shore oil and gas prospects of the United States. In conformity with the United States Geological Survey, the field on this land could have as much economically valuable oil as the large field at Prudhoe Bay, which is situated at the western direction of ANWR, but at the same time, the land at ANWR, especially the coastal area, is home to a various bread of species and plants. The ANWR and two parks of Canada have been proposed for an international park, and several animals, reside in the area (including caribou, polar bears, whales, and migratory birds,) are under the protection of international agreements or treaties. The analysis under covers, first, the geological and economic factors that have induced new interest in development, followed by the environmental, biological, and philosophical quality factors that have moved opposite to it. The battle between nearly pure nature and high oil potential makes a controversial situation that, should the ANWR be given permanent protection from development or should it be opened for oil and gas development by the Congress? If the field of ANWR is opened, how can the damage be avoided, mitigated, or minimized? Analysis of development policy of ANWR The capital energy associated issue in the one hundred & seventh Congress is whether to pass energy development in the ANWR in north-eastern Alaska, and if so, under what prohibitions, or whether to proceed to prohibit energy development to protect the ANWR’s ecological resource and natural values. In the last few years, Congress tried to countenance the opening of ANWR in the fiscal year 1996 reconciliation bill, but the decision was contradicted. The President quoted the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge division as one of his causes for opposing the decision. While bills were acquainted, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge issue was not considered in the hundred & fifth Congress. In the hundred & sixth Congress, bills to denominate a certain area of the ANWR as wasteland and others t
Abstract The paper is a report that is devoted to the case of Pablo Escobar who was one of the most famous criminals and drug dealers of the twentieth century. In this report, I analyze his personality and lifestyle and find out that there are certain symptoms of paranoid personality disorder manifested in his behavior. Then, I present the most important information related to this condition including the primary signs that indicate it, possible reasons why it occurs, and typical behavior demonstrated by individuals suffering from this disorder. Also, I focus on certain research gaps that exist in the field. In the end, I review two methods that can be applied in order to manage this disorder, evaluate their effectiveness, and make an assumption concerning measures that could help the discussed patient. Character The person I would like to discuss is Pablo Escobar who has become famous because of his crimes. He is known as one of the richest drug dealers in the world and one of the most violent criminals from Columbia who lived in the twentieth century. His cruelty is difficult to be overestimated; apart from being one of the most famous drug lords in the world, he was involved in hundreds of murders that he or his helpers committed. The following facts related to his life will help to better understand the symptoms demonstrated by the person. There is little information on the childhood of this person; it is known that Escobar was born in a multi-child family. Also, it cannot be stated that his conduct at school was abnormal or strange. As an adolescent, he was spending a lot of time in the street with his friends. What is more, it is known that he smoked weed; nevertheless, there is no information that teachers and other adults had problems with him during that period. This person was born in Colombia in the middle of the twentieth century. At the beginning of the 1970s, Escobar and his criminal gang took famous industrialists as a hostage. Despite the fact that he was really dangerous, Escobar became a kind of hero for his countrymen; just like one famous English character, he
Business is an endeavor that works under the philosophy of grow or die. Companies that opt for growth are rewarded with a greater market share than those on the verge of dying. Those that do fail to grow are inclined to fester, and end up losing customers, market share, or demolishing their shareholder value. One of the business strategies that are pivotal in both extremes is acquisitions. They enable strong companies to grow faster than competition and provide entrepreneurs with rewards for their efforts. They also ensure weaker companies are swallowed more quickly, or, in worst scenarios, rendered irrelevant through exclusion and ongoing share erosion (Hart & Sherman, 2006). This research paper identifies two companies in different industries that are using acquisitions to strengthen their market positions. It examines how these acquisitions enabled the companies to acquire resource strengths and competitive capabilities. Basically, an acquisition is as a result of one company controlling ownership interest in another organization, a lawful subsidiary of another firm, or some assets of another firm. It may entail the buying of another firm’s resources or stock. The company that is acquired continues to operate as an official owned subsidiary. Within the networking and communication industry, Cisco has perfected the art of acquisitions since its inception in 1984 (Velte & Velte, 2006). It has refined the use of acquisitions as a strategic business weapon. Where other companies acquire organizations with the ensuing results being stalled growth or further restructuring in a frantic attempt to make the acquisition profitable, Cisco increases the revenue of its acquired companies and fully integrates new employees into its culture. What makes the acquisitions made by Cisco more special than those made by other companies inside or outside the industry? Cisco was founded in 1984 as a California corporation. It received its first round of venture capital funding in 1987 from Sequoia, $2.5 million. It had ten employees at the time. By the time the company went public at the onset of 1990, it had an initial public offering (IPO) of close to 300 million shares that went out at $18 and closed at $22.50. Since then, Cisco has grown in leaps and bounds (Velte & Velte, 2006). It began its buying spree with the purchase of Cre