ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Mi’kmaq people live in the Northeastern side of the United States and on the Eastern side of Canada. This is the First Nations people of Nova Scotia. Before the 17 th century, there is no evidence on the whereabouts and movements of the Mi’kmaq because of the limited archaeological information. According to Reynolds, the Mi’kmaq people settled in their homeland (Canadian Maritimes) about ten thousand years ago. However, it was not until they made contact with the European people that documented evidence came about. In this case, most of the information about the Mi’kmaq people is an account of the Europeans who made contact with the indigenous people. (Johnson) Background information The Mik’maq people were superstitious and such contact with the Europeans did not come as a surprise. They had foreseen the coming of foreigners in ships. They had already predicted the effect the European culture would have on them. In this case, when the Europeans arrived they were prepared and consequently, their worldview was not altered. The Mi’kmaq’s culture was rich and flexible as it accommodated and integrated the new technologies into their culture. The cultural identity of the Mi’kmaq people from the early days to the present times in Nova Scotia Canada will be the basis of the paper. Cultural background The Mi’kmaq culture was the dominant culture in the Canadian Maritimes. Their cultural identity came about in terms of their family composition, leadership composition, religion, food, and language. ( Battiste and Barman, 69 ) Family composition In the traditional setting, the extended family was the basic family unit among the Mi’kmaq people. The family unit’s leader was the saqamaw . The family unit comprised of the saqamaw’s nuclear family, the saqamaw’s children who were married (and their children), and all the relatives who shared a home with the saqamaw . Mandatory respect for the saqamaw was necessary in the society. The saqamaw collectively had the mandate to make important decisions concerning the whole tribe. (Battiste and Barman, 77) Leadership The homeland of the Mi’kmaq people existed in seven regions. A chief known as keptan orsaqmaw was the leader of each region. The entire region (Cape Breton) on the other hand was presided over by a Grand chief who was a member of a Grand council. The grand council acted as the central government in the region. It consisted of the grand chief, a counselor, treaty holder, and political advisor to the Grand chief. According to Battiste and Barman, the leadership in the Mi’kmaq society was an egalitarian type of leadership. Egalitarian leadership came about as the threshold for one to become a leader was prestige and status. (101) Religion According to Battiste and Barman, R
Impact of aligning organizational values with nurses’ values Organizational alignment is when the levels of performance are equally supportive and aim at attaining an efficient and successful delivery system. Organizational values yield success and are beneficial both to the employer and the employee. The alignment of values requires that both of these parties work together (Suhonen et al., 2012). Impact on nurse engagement When there is alignment in an organization, conflicts between the employer and the employee are very few. The employer always ensures that the employees’ needs are identified, understood and met. The employer works ensuring that the environment is conducive for work. A good working condition means more productivity for the employees. When nurses are happy about their working conditions, then they will be motivated to make the best out of their skills and expertise (Suhonen et al., 2011). Impact on patient outcomes An increased employer satisfaction means more satisfaction for the client. A conducive working environment for the nurse translates into better service delivery to the patient; hence an increased patient satisfaction. If a patient is happy with the quality of services provided, then he is more likely to refer his friends into the hospital (Suhonen et al., 2011). Use of effective communication techniques Effective communication techniques in health care is critical and vital for efficiency and accurate service delivery, and in resolving frequent challenges that arise in health care among health care workers and between the workers and patients (Berkhof et al., 2011). Both verbal and non-verbal techniques of communication; used effectively, is helpful in resolving the kind of problems that often arise and enhance relations between patients and care-givers, and among the health care providers (Berkhof et al., 2011). Ways of using effective communication techniques Communication techniques will be effective in tackling health care challenges and in enhancing collaboration among groups only when the group in question is equipped with the skills. The health care staff ought to be equipped with communication skills through training. The training entails the impartation of verbal and non-verbal communication skills to the nurses and physicians to enhance relations among themselves and with patients (Berkhof et al., 2011). Eradicating barriers of effective communication such as generalization, stereotyping, and making of assumptions among others, will enhance precision and accuracy in service delivery. These barriers if not eradicated or minimized could be costly since they can bring about unnecessary errors and mistakes that are uncalled for (Tay et al., 2011). Application of effective communication skills in health care With effective communication techniques, health care pro
Context and relevance The demographic changes in the United States transform the cultural landscape of the country. America attracts people who may represent different cultural, ethnic, and religious groups. This trend sets new requirements for educational organizations that need to adopt various strategies to support people who struggle to integrate into the society. It should be mentioned that the population of California includes people who come from Latin America, Asia, Europe, and other regions of the world. Therefore, one should design policies that effectively support these people. Statement of the problem The current educational system does not fully empower people representing cultural minorities, and in many cases, their academic attainment and socialization can be significantly impaired. This problem manifests itself in several ways, for instance, one can speak about increased drop-out rates, poor educational attainment, and low expectations about academic and professional career. Thus, one should single out methods that can be used to address these issues. This paper will include a proposal outlining the reform of K-12 education in California. The recommendations will be based on the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative studies. Root causes of the problem At first, it is important to examine the factors that contribute to this problem. Researchers point out that the educational success of a student is mostly influenced by school policies, rather than his/her nationality, ethnicity, culture, religion, and so forth (Gibson 444). Much attention should be paid to the influence of such factors academic tracking, the failure to assess linguistic proficiency of a student, or prejudiced attitudes of educators (Gibson 444). Additionally, many parents point that that existing policies lay stress on the Americanization of students without considering their background (Doucet 2705). Furthermore, teachers should be able to motivate students. Teachers should encourage minority students to set high expectations for their academic performance (Conchas 501). In many cases, they fail to cope with this task. In fact, some teachers may not attach much importance to the poor performance of these learners. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about African-American and Mexican-American students (Conchas 501). Much attention should be paid to the attitudes of teachers. For instance, very often educators and policy-makers can use labels while discussing the experiences of minority groups. For instance, it is possible to mention such as term as “model community” which is usually used to refer to a group of people who are able to integrate into the society (Ngo and Lee 415). This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about Asian students. This proble
The utilitarianism theory focuses on the moral aspect of various actions and decisions that people make and it attempts to explain whether the actions or decisions are right or wrong. The analysis of ‘rightness’ and ‘wrongness’ of a decision or action often depends on the values that each society holds dear (Callcut 24). Therefore, the theory focuses on the justification of behavior and decisions as either moral or immoral. The concept of morality is entirely abstract. Perceptions of right and wrong depend both on individual and societal perspectives of morality often for the good of the individual analyzing the same. In most cases, when people choose to undertake an analysis of the morality of actions and decisions, they focus on matters of public interest such as issues concerning politics, economic policies, and social constructs (Lukes 12). Utilitarianism operates on several premises and one of them is the concept that an action or decision is right if it only affects the doer to the exclusion of any other person around the individual (Mill 41). For instance, if a person decides to set his/her house on fire at will, s/he should do so at will as long as the fire at the house does not spread to other people’s houses or cause damage to the neighboring properties. However, some people argue that although a person has a right to set his or her own house on fire, the action affects others indirectly through ways such as spreading smoke and ash to the neighboring properties. This argument has led to the development of the second premise in the theory, which states that in order for actions and decisions to qualify as right and moral, they must appeal to the happiness of the greatest number. This assertion means that the majority of people in any society or setting in which the actions or decisions take place must be in agreement with the same (Ferrell et al. 67). Using the example applied above, the burning of the house would only be right and moral if a majority of the people living in the area surrounding the house were okay with the action. The reason for this rule is to set a standard for right and wrong behaviors and decisions and prevent clumsy decisions by individuals that are likely to affect a majority of other people simply due to individual preferences of morality, especially by representatives of the people in various governments (Alexander 48). The third premise that the theory propagates is the perception that actions and decisions should increase happiness and reduce suffering for the greatest number of people. The theory thus places emphasis on the results rather than the procedure when analyzing the morality of actions and decisions (Parson 97). For instance, if a man steals to feed his children, the morality of the action depends on whether it reduces
A market economy is an economic system based on the voluntary cooperation of individuals on direct links between independent businesses and consumers through the free sale of goods. Goldman emphasizes on the fact that such a natural exchange of supply and demand appeals to customers’ needs and, therefore, attracts higher profits (Goldman, p. 259). The pursuit of creating a higher demand and enhancing supply generates progress and technological development, thus, stimulating the economy in general. For instance, higher demand will make the production of goods more profitable, and its manufacturers will increase output. According to Goldman, entrepreneurs’ primary motivation is to increase volumes of production and cut the initial costs, which can lead to more profit in the future (Goldman, p. 259). A market economy is also characterized by freedom of choice by consumers, entrepreneurs, employees, and the goods and services to be purchased. It means that customers’ free choice ultimately determines what and how much the economy should produce. Advertising leads to the growth of demand by stimulating sales, and, therefore, plays a significant role in the turnover of goods, services, and production. The high living standards of developed economies are based on a mass-production system, which, in turn, is entirely dependent on a mass marketing system. As a result, it is possible to state that advertising contributes and profoundly influences the economy, its development, and its role in society. For instance, according to Goldman, advertising also positively affects the development and production of new types of goods and services, leads to innovational ways of improving products, and has effective ways of reporting to consumers about their usage, appearance, price, and availability (Goldman, p. 260). Following this impact, advertising may help to attract funds, investments, and various technologies for the development of production. Furthermore, based on customers’ feedback, advertising can improve the overall quality of goods and services, and expand the possibilities of consumer choice. Additionally, as stated above, advertising provides consumers with information about a product or service. Therefore, producers should know the basic needs of consumers to satisfy them, and also have a conception of consumers’ buying ability, such as whether the customers can buy a particular product, or which feature of the product will be seen as the most desirable and wanted. Thus, customers can make the best purchase decision (Goldman, p. 260). In turn, manufacturers, when introducing new goods or services to the market, are responsi
The 21 st century is marked by the development of information technology (IT) and the emergence of IT-related technologies. The growth of the internet as a platform for development, coupled with advances in technology has resulted in a slew of ethical dilemmas from individual and organizational levels. Subsequently, organizations have been compelled to ensure a balance between freedom and privacy of employees while at the same time ensuring that they observe ethical standards associated with emerging technologies such as cloud computing. However, the rapid growth of technology has resulted in multiple ethical challenges. Consequently, there are constant conflicts between personal and organizational beliefs in the workplace which has resulted in new ethical dilemmas created by emerging technologies as noted by Baase (2012). As a matter of fact, as new technology gives room for technological activities to be performed in new ways, circumstances may emerge in which adequate policies lack to guide us. The current paper is an attempt to explore emerging IT-related technology and the related ethical issues. The ethical dilemma under research is privacy and confidentiality on the application
Case Summary Sam White and Sorin Grama wanted to start their own company. The two partners were “interested in solar energy technology” (Scarborough, 2014, p. 673). They managed to develop several solar-powered units and systems. They launched their company in 2007. The main goal of Promethean Power was to introduce solar energy to the Indian dairy industry. The targeted region lacked proper refrigeration. The company managed to develop a proper solar-powered chiller for this industry. However, R.F. Chadramogan realized that the system “was costly, complex, and too large” (Scarborough, 2014, p. 673). The owners of the company failed to reconsider their options. Rajat Gupta encouraged the owners to produce electric-powered units in order to emerge successful. White believed that the decision would eventually make the company profitable. Such profits would be used to develop inexpensive and practical solar-powered technology (Scarborough, 2014). However, Grama believed that the main premise of the company was to produce and market solar-powered units. Case Questions Initial Steps to Avoid the Current Problem According to the case study, Promethean Power wanted to produce solar-powered units for different dairy farmers in India. The company developed a prototype chilling unit after its inception. The company failed to undertake the required market studies and analyses. The prototype was sold to one of the targeted clients. This malpractice explains why new problems emerged later. The prototype was also expensive and large. This new product was also complex (Scarborough, 2014). That being the case, the firm should have undertaken more studies in order to develop the most appropriate solar-powered product. This fact explains why the company’s solar-powered unit did not succeed in the market. Promethean Power also failed to examine the specific needs of different customers. Such a study would have made it easier for the firm to develop customized chillers depending on the needs of different customers. The owners of the firm assumed that its solar-powered chiller would succeed in the market (Scarborough, 2014). However, the company had not analyzed the changing expectations of different customers. This malpractice resulted in more problems. The company did not have a proper business strategy. The owners of the company mainly focused on profits. They lacked a vision thus affecting the firm’s goals. The firm did not have a proper marketing strategy. The newly-produced chillers could not fulfill the needs of the targeted dairy farmers. Why Grama is Balking at Switching the Company’s Chiller Sorin Grama is not ready to produce electric-powered chillers. From the beginning, Grama wanted to have a unique company that produced solar-powered units for Indian dairy farmers. The decision to deviate from this original purpose will give Promethean Power a different image. Grama’s original vision was to build a unique company that offered solar-powered chillers to different customers. He believes strongly that the production of electric-powered units will affect the company’s original purpose (Scarborough, 2014). This fact explains why Grama did not want
It is important to note that the most prevalent system of providing incentives is centered around punishment in order to reduce the instance of undesirable behaviors and outcomes. The framework of just culture is an interesting one since it utilizes the notion of positive reinforcement in order to facilitate error management and healthcare delivery quality enhancements. The system encourages professionals to be more open and transparent about the mistakes they have made, which in turn allows organizations to be more aware of the key procedural pitfalls and make necessary adjustments around them. In my experience, the first possible impression of just culture can be manifested in an individual being doubtful about just culture since it welcomes mistakes instead of imposing punishments. However, the successful implementation of the framework in the aviation field is indicative of the fact that it is highly useful, especially where errors involve human life and safety. Aviation is a prime example of an industry where any form of significant malfunction can result in deaths and destruction as well as massive property losses. Healthcare is similar in this regard since the field focuses on human health and life, and errors also result in deaths and severe complications. Therefore, my practice would be more proactive in the sense that I would be able to focus solely on delivering the highest quality of care instead of being constrained and stressed about the potential implications of my errors. Although the punitive system works in terms of discouraging human errors, the human factor is an unavoidable factor, which is the result of human imperfection. Therefore, it is evident that it is better to work around the human factor rather than punishing it without solutions. Just culture is a framework or system, which can lead to major improvements. It is stated that a just culture can enhance error management, blame and fairness balance, staff and leadership interactions, and encourage system leadership for positive changes (Barkell & Snyder, 2021). In other words, safety needs and quality improvements can be made by removing punishments since they are the main barrier to revealing procedural pitfalls. By encouraging the reporting of errors, organizations will be able to develop strategies d
Introduction The case study of the Roaring Dragon Hotel in China addresses ethical issues and cross-cultural differences and sensitivities. According to (Grainger, 2008, P.1) the Roaring Dragon Hotel was a state-owned enterprise with a good reputation and history. The staff at the hotel lacked competency, motivation, ambition and accountability. There was a culture of corruption where the employees received significantly better pay and additional benefits (Grainger, 2008, P.1). The quality of service at the hotel was poor and popularity levels were declining. Nepotism was practiced with the prevalence of guanxi or private connections through which employees secured employment (Grainger, 2008, P. 1). Problems/ Issues/opportunities When the new management at Hotel International started operating the RDH with Paul Fortune as the GM, they had to improve the systems and practices of running the hotel by introducing service quality and accountability (Grainger, 2008, p. 2). It was difficult to lead the old over- staffed management which lacked satisfactory skills, education, motivation and consciousness of quality. Many of them were opposed to change which interfered with their relaxed culture and their job security and they transferred to other hotels (Grainger, 2008, p. 3). When the Hotel International decided to make redundancies, communication and conflict resolution issues arose. The Chinese workers complained about the way they were sent off. Chinese culture values courtesy and the saving of face. They preferred the Chinese management over that of HI (Grainger, 2008, p. 5). Solution Realizing and understanding cultural differences can help avoid conflicts and reduce the risk of failure. Favorable practices that consider the intercultural and intra-cultural aspects of markets and societies should be taken into account in order to achieve harmony and compatibility in business partnerships and mergers. Before changing the management at the RDH, Fortune and his colleagues should have first accommodated the old staff workers. They could have learnt from them about the Chinese culture of doing business. This could have helped in avoiding the business declined at the RDH and the termination of the contract (Grainger, 2008, p. 5 & 6). Conclusion There is booming economic growth in the Asian-pacific region. This has led to many foreign investors especially from Europe and America seeking opportunities for potential expansion and growth. There have been partnerships and joint mergers with local small scale companies and large-scale government-run enterprises. These companies should look for business strategies that help them compete better with other local and international rivals. Reference Grainger, S. (2008) Roaring Dragon Hotel . Ontario: Ivey Management Services.