ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Previous Research Foley, S. & Hang-Yue, N., 2005. The effects of work stressors, perceived organisational support, and gender on work-family conflict in Hong Kong . Asia Pacific Journal of Management: Bangkok. “This survey demonstrates the immediate and moderate outcomes of perceived organisational support and gender on the interdependence between work stressors and family conflict for a sample population of Hong Kong Chinese workers” (237). The survey discovered that perceived organisational support is inversely proportional to both family-to-work conflict (FWC) and work to family conflict (WFC), and that work stressors are directly proportional to FWC and WFC. Furthermore, the direct correlation between role overload and WFC was observed to be lesser when perceived organisational support was high, showing that the perceived organisational support can off-set the negative effects of the role over load. Moreau, M. P. & Leathwood C., 2010. Balancing paid work and studies: working (-class) students in higher education. Queensland University of Technology: Brisbane. This article studies undergraduate students in a post-1992 university timeline to discover undergraduate students’ accounts of working and the same time studying during session-time and the ways they use to cover up time consumed in work. It is suggested that most of the students doing part-time jobs is because students are expected to cater for their school bills since the state is not responsible. Gayle, V. & Lowe J., 2010. Exploring the work/life/study balance: the experience of higher education students in a Scottish further education college. Queenland University of Technology: Brisbane. This article focuses on the angles of work/life/study balance and its impact on student performance in the curricular studies. The survey was conducted on a case study of higher education students, studying on full and part-time basis, in a Scottish higher learning institution. The study suggested that more than half of the students were able to manage a study/work/life balance, although the other half was stressed due to conflicting priority. Research Objectives and Background The main objective of the research is to examine work and study conflict issues on whether it affects students’ burnout and participation in university life. Nowadays, the cost of education has escalated to an extent that students are compelled to combine work and studies at the same time. Curtis and Williams (2002) quotes that “.. this is the routinisation of students combining paid work and study, suggesting that this is now the norm in the United Kingdom.” Other surveys show that term- time work can provide positive social and educational benefits to the students (Watts and Pickering, 2000). Vickers et al (2003) observes that, for college students who work for 20-30 hours every week, the odds of dropping out of school are almost 150% more than for students who do not engage in paid work during term-time. For others who work for more than 31 hours every week, the number was between 200 and 205 %. This research objectives include: to observe the extent to which students of property and
Greek Americans have been considered as citizens of the United States since their migration to the country. As per the 2000 censure in the US, there were more than one million Greeks in the United States with a majority of them still speaking their native Greek language at home. More than three million people in the United States claim Greek ancestry. Most of the Greeks are concentrated in Chicago, Boston, New York, and Detroit. In the United States, Greeks have been viewed and received with mixed visions everywhere they go. There is a feeling of admiration, ridicule, puzzlement and sometimes hate for these people who are sometimes considered as the genius of civilization. They are credited with having made some of the greatest contribution to western civilization in America and other parts of the world. in the social and academic life, Greeks have been viewed as very strange and have been used to refer to difficult things through the common saying “it is all Greek” to mean that one doesn’t understand what is being said. Throughout history, Greeks have occupied a high profile place in American social political life. The above phrase presents the ambiguity of something that one is told clearly explain the earlier American perception of the Greeks. Greeks have gone through a process before they were finally accepted to the life of the American people. They have been misunderstood and discriminated for along time especially the early year of the twentieth century. There were widespread discriminations of the Greeks laborers, destruction of their business, incineration and expulsion of Greek communities in some parts of America and the rest of the world. (Makedon, 1998) Greek community started establishing themselves in the United States from 1850s. They settled in the New Orleans and consecutively established the Greek Orthodox Church. Most of them were coming from Asians and Aegean Islands. Chicago is one of the states in the United States that has majority of Greek Settlers. They started arriving in Chicago in the 1840s through the sea. Greeks have a history of being one of the leading world explorers mainly through the sea. They were seamen and they came from New Orleans through Mississippi and Illinois Rivers and finally arrived in Chicago. Their movement was prompted by some economic activity that they were undertaking through the sea. In their migration, they engaged in one of the most prosperous commerce of that time around the Great Lakes regions. (Saloutos, 1964) Many of the Greeks who came to United States for trade purposes returned home with stories of the new land and the prospects of economic activities that existed in the land. One of the Greek early visitor Christ Chakonas came to Chicago in 1873 and explored the money making opportunities in the land. He returned home and re
Open Courts In Australia, courts and their decisions are usually open to the public (Family Court of Australia 2006). Behind this is the principle of open justice (Johnston 2016). According to it, the legal system, and the system of justice in particular, should be open to the public to ensure that the processes taking place inside these systems are transparent, and to permit for public control. Public control is an integral part of the democratic society (Johnston 2016), for it allows the public to put pressure on the state authorities in case of injustice, so that these authorities take steps to prevent such injustice from occurring in the future. In this case, state authorities will be interested in preventing similar adverse situations in the future because they want to be re-elected into the office; but there needs to be a way for such adverse situations to become publicly known. Therefore, the principle of open justice is one of the critical components of democratic society. It should be added that representatives of the public rarely visit court proceedings in practice, but in certain important cases, the media may translate the information about problems in courts to the public, thus allowing for the public control (Johnston 2016). Courts That Are Held In Camera Despite the need to uphold the principle of the open justice, some courts are held in camera , that is, they are not open to the public (Jaconelli 2002). They often take place in the judge’s chambers; the judge also reviews the existing evidence and decides which information can be made public and which information cannot. Courts in camera are needed when the cases involve such sensitive information that it is undesirable to reveal it to the public; this may include the matters of national security, sensitive personal information that may harm someone, sensitive information pertaining to commerce (e.g. trade secrets), etc. It is assumed that revealing some information pertaining to national security may compromise such security and harm national interests (although such position can clearly be debated), which is why processes involving the national security are usually held in camera . As for trade secrets, it seems clear that revealing some secrets of a business may harm that business, taking away its unique advantage, which is why some of this information may also be kept private. Finally, revealing sensitive personal information might harm an individual, which is why such information may also not be made public (Jaconelli 2002). The Guiding Legislative Act and the Court’s Jurisdiction The guiding legislative act for the given court process was The Family Law Act 1975 (Co
The information revolution and ‘cyber crime’ Understanding Cyber crime Ajala (2007, p.1) stated that the development of internet has changed the entire communication system and it has replaced the traditional mailing and telecommunication system due to availability of global broadcasting capability. Ajala (2007, p.1) further added that internet has broaden the business scope and secured investment by developing communication between business persons of different region. However, Ajala also mentioned that the risk of internet fraud as it is one of the most powerful information tools, which help the criminals to gather knowledge about the victim. However, the criminals get the opportunity to use personal information in order to undermine the credibility and to destroy the image of the innocent person to be benefited economically or for other purpose. According to the view of Algarni (2011, p.1), Saudi Arabia has experienced huge problem with the issue of internet fraud and other forms of cybercrime but most of the case they would not like to take any legal steps or disclose the crisis with others. In this context, the aim of this literature review is to describe the problem of internet fraud and response of the police in Riyadh with theoretical framework. However, many scholars have already researched on this problem to assess the extent to which it can create disturbance for the ordinary internet users, and they try to provide possible solution to the policy makers and programmers to protect this crime but no effective solution has published yet, which can practically stop the criminals. As a result, the scholars have also defined the term in many ways, for example, Algarni (2011, p.1) stated that this crime includes the use of computers and the internet as a tool to perform illegal activities, while ITC (2009, p.19) defined the term “Cybercrime” as an illegal or illicit computer-mediated functions. On the other hand, ITC (2009, p.19) reported that criminals can also take all the information of other computers though the victim is in different country; as a result, the concept of privacy could destroy both in personal and higher level. However, Algarni (2011, p.1) also pointed out that cybercrime is the threat for the society as it increases viewers of hard-core pornography, which destroys public morals. In addition, the victims may financially affected because this crime has adverse impact on intellectual property of the victims while the hackers access the online business, credit card security system and others function. Classification Cybercrime   * Financial crimes/frauds and theft : Ajala (2007, p.2) stated that financial loses occur when criminals cheat the users, take the information of credit cards in unfair means and use it accordingly, misuse personal information to theft, involve with money laundering, and other related crimes. However, Ajala (2007, p.2) described internet fraud as privative gain or advantage by changing input in an illegal way, taking output dishonestly, making
Introduction Changes in leadership have been caused by new business environment and globalization processes. Globalization changes the role of managers and leaders within an organization and demands greater flexibility of their authority and responsibilities. Leadership has gone but management becomes an essential part of any business entity. Effective managers should possess leadership skills and abilities in order to manage modern staff. In their turn, leaders require management skills in order to foreshadow possible changes and problems within organizations. Leaders and managers can introduce training and learning courses in order o ensure high professionalism of workers. This strategy will help managers to create positive culture and organizational environment. This method emphasizes their ability to make decisions and solve marketing problems in a way that enhances the objectives of the whole corporation. The manager is a specialist in managing markets and marketing resources; production, finance, and personnel executives are his corporate counterparts (Charan et al 2001). Main body During the 20 th century, illegal; immigration has been the major social and economic problem of the state. Many illegal immigrants coming to American have poor language skills and need additional training. Illegal immigration has a negative impact on human capital as the majority of workers are low skills and uneducated citizens from poor countries. Illegal immigration becomes a real burden for education system which has to increase annual budgets and reduce expenditures per pupil. Labor relations are considered as the main key issue in the international labor relations, which is the degree to which managers have the ability to organize labor to put the limitations choices obtainable to an international business. Moreover, it is a firm’s capability to follow an international or global strategy. It can be considerably forced by the actions of labor unions. On the other hand, the most important concern of organized labor is that the multinational corporation can answer union bargaining power by the threats of moving the production to an additional country (Charan et al 2001). The metaphor elephant can be successfully applied to transnational corporations that make a great contribution to globalization issues and development of the global industry structure. TNCs support information and goods exchange and promote new life styles and new values. TNCs are associated with concentration, use their greater power to lower wages, have better technology, and manipulate transfer prices to avoid taxes. Employees are fleas who do not know each other and do not care about well being of other people in the same organization. Their production has a higher-than-average imported content; in addition, its utilization of factors of production does not respond well to the host country’s profile because the technology is imported. Conclusion From my working experience, I understood that teams are one of the best and mo
With the further rise of industry and the rapid evolution of the consumer society, the problem of ecology acquires the top priority. That is why there are multiple approaches to reconsidering our attitude to this aspect and attaining progress. The concept of deep ecology is one of them. This idea implies that all living beings are part of the world, and they might play a significant role in its protection (Luke, 2002). The central principle of this belief is that the existing living environment should be respected because of its integral right to live, evolve, and flourish (Cocola, 2006). In such a way, the existence of a certain group of organisms depends on others; at the same time, there are specific ethical relations that should be valued higher than just resources that can be generated while exploring nature (Devall, 2001). Thus, the term deep ecology is introduced because it tends to look deeper and analyze the connection between biotic factors and groups. One of the central strengths of this idea is its focus on the larger scope of the problem. In other words, instead of devoting attention to factors that worsen the quality of our lives and nature, the given approach tends to reconsider peoples attitude to ecology by emphasizing the Earths rights to its development and our belonging to it. Being a part of nature, human beings remain responsible for this environment as it is a fundamental aspect of their survival and further evolution. Another strength is the focus on the cooperation between diverse groups with the primary aim to attain success and guarantee the improvement of the existing situation.
Science Daily, a news article published on April 7,2008 discuses Psychology in terms of how children who appear to have problems in controlling their behaviour or to withhold satisfaction in exchange for larger rewards are inclined to gain extra weight as their age advances. According to this article relying on the two reports published differently in April in Archives of Pediatrics as well as Adolescent medicine, obesity during childhood tends to advance as the child develops into an adult consequently increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus as well as various cancers. According to the article background information concerning the issues involving a child’s etiology overweight and Obesity is essentially very crucial so as to have effective preventive efforts being carried out by medical professionals. These findings are as a result of a study carried out by Lori A Francis and Elizabeth J Susman both of Pennsylvanian State University College on 1,061 children assessing self regulation. This study entailed recording of Data from these children while they were 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 12 years old. At the age of 3 the children’s response to a toy in a secluded room was noted after 150 seconds. Children who delayed for 75 seconds before starting to play with the toy were ranked as being high in self regulation. At the age 5 these children were subjected to another test involving choosing of food immediately or several minutes later. Those who waited for around 20 seconds were noted as having high self regulation. The findings of this study were that children with highest body mass index (BM) scores at age 12 were those who could not regulate their behaviour at both ages. In a follow up these children who were unable to regulate their behaviour depicted rapid BMI increment Psychology concepts This discussion revolves around the issue of behavioral psychology. It reinforces psychological understanding that people with elevated dietary restraint scores have an increased risk for obesity onset. This suggests that weight control behaviors can promote weight gain due to the fact that they tend to enhance metabolic efficiency or other alterations in homeostatic processes as analyzed by Klesges et al., (1992) and (1989). Reactions/Conclusion This article is very important as it highlights that closely intervention can help prevent adulthood Obesity. As per the article interventions geared towards achieving or increasing energy balance regulation in young children are realizable upon encouraging self regulations in other fields that affect energy intake such as encouraging self control as well as delay of gratification. The article further reinforces good parenting techniques that attempt to mould children towards delayed gratification. The article radically challenges parents to practice techniques that strive to enhance a child’s self
The spread of HIV among groups of drug addicts has reached unprecedented levels and is a problem that requires immediate attention. More than ten years ago, the government established a needle exchange program where basically any drug user could get free clean needles in exchange for the used ones. In his article Clean Needles Benefit Society , an author from The USA Today argues that such programs prove to be useful and decrease the scale of HIV epidemics. At the same time, Peter B. Jemma Jr. in his article Programs Don’t Make Sense opposes this view saying that such programs are a waste of taxpayers’ money. While Jemma does use an eloquent comparison of such programs to a free giveaway of car tires to those who exceed speed limits, the arguments used in the first article are more convincing and well-grounded, and better supported by various statistics and examples. There are two main arguments that the author of Clean Needles Benefit Society puts forward: the needle exchange programs prove effective, and these programs require more funding from the government. Among the supporting statements that prove the effectiveness of the programs, the author uses statistics that show that in the cities where the program was adopted, the spread of HIV has significantly decreased, and increasing numbers of drug users choose clean needles. At the same time, the author also points out that no data has been obtained that could prove the increase in drug abuse as a consequence of such programs. In order to substantiate the need for more funding, the author additionally points out that free needles cost our taxpayers much less than HIV treatment of those who might get infected because of needle sharing. Thus, the programs not only prove effective but also save us money, although they might seem costly without proper consideration of details. Peter B. Jemma Junior also has two arguments to oppose the first point of view. First, he states that through funding of needle exchange programs, the government sponsors the growth of substance abuse. Then, he also points out that since such programs do not help the drug addicts to get cured, and only prolong their suffering, they are completely worthless. The author indicates that it is wrong to facilitate behavior that negatively affects society and population health. He also suggests that although no data has been obtained on whether the programs actually encourage drug abuse it is evident that such programs will lead to negative consequences. The only piece of statistics used by the author to support he argues that in the state of Connecticut the demand for clean free needles increased four times since the start of the programs, and this, in his view, indicates that drug abuse due t