ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Access clients are devices that are secondary to the leading network, and they provide secure pathways through which the user gadgets get to communicate with the client-server. They play a significant role in securing the network framework from being attacked by hackers. When a client like wireless and VPN is in use, the encryption keys have to rhyme with the authenticating switch, which responds by decrypting and comparing the information. Immediately a more secure gateway is established, and a client can access the server by first passing through the already set tunnel. Access Servers Access servers are devices that validate the authenticity of a request for a way in. The servers have some degree levels of accepting or denying a client entry. Either way, they use a sophisticated framework whereby it responds directly to the larger network. They are also in charge of investigating a foreign network that seeks permission to the larger framework. The access servers communicate directly to the overall framework known as the RADIUS server. A client is granted an entry if the RADIUS provides an okay by communicating to the access server, which then responds by authenticating the tunnels in use. RADIUS Servers Radius servers are devices that have full authority to accept or deny entry. The servers run a series of communication between logs. A user creates these logs for the first time upon accessing a site. The servers in use create a unique message referred to as Access Request and send it to the central database to validate the key structure previously created in the form of username and password. The RADIUS server provides a vivid way into the Central database if the logs, password, and username are correct. User Account Database A data library that contains all the created accounts, which the RADIUS server uses to correctly authenticate the validity of the available and assigned connection parameters. The information contained in the database is limited to the user profile and the default-temporal tablespace. The access request must pass through the database to ensure the user has an account with the system before accessing its main platform. Therefore, this is the last section of creating a gateway that is free from external attacks. The communication between these layers of encryption has to be fast to ensure the user does not experience lagging.
Executive Summary Strategic Change Management has become a strategic role of the management. Various business organizations have come to appreciate the need for change and have designed various methods and approaches of managing change. KPMG is one such organization. It has downed on the management that the market competition requires one to embrace change and ensure that it is creative in order to be in a position to manage market competition. The firm has brought in all the stakeholders into one community and each given its role to play in the process of change management and implementation strategies. The model that this firm would use in implementing change is Kurt Lewin Model of unfreeze, change and then freeze. Value based organization is the approach to monitor the implementation of change. The strategies must be implemented within appropriate time to yield good results. Introduction Change is one of the most important factors that an organization must take into consideration when drawing their strategic goals and objectives. Daft (2009, p. 37) simply says that Change is constant. This statement is intriguing yet it is the best definition of change from a philosophical point of view. Change and constant are two extremes under a normal dictionary definition. However, from an analytical perspective, change is constant. This scholar argues that change brings nothing new. It only enhances what is already in existence. McCarthy and Eastman (2010, p. 23) say, “The overarching purpose of change management is to accelerate the speed at which people move successfully through the change process so that anticipated benefits are achieved faster.” As such, change should not be viewed as a shift from what is the norm. The only issue is that it brings new methodologies of handing the daily activities. In his book, The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning, Henry Mintzberg (1994), the former leader of the Strategic Management Society, reprimanded himself and others for their sightless adherence to the strategic forecast practice. His disputation rests with the exploration of the authoritative, scientific explanation to the future. He demonstrates how planning can asphyxiate obligation, constrict an organization’s dream, make change unfeasible, and lead to the politicization of an organization. His point is based on the principle that “… analysis is not synthesis [and therefore], strategic planning is not strategy formulation” (p. 321). According to this scholar, many managers would agree that change is one of the d
Introduction The balance between learning research and educational practice cannot be neglected (Ertmer & Newby, 2013). The connection between these two areas could be explained by various learning theories with their own strong and weak points. In this paper, the comparison of different theories will be given on the basis of their strengths and weaknesses in regards to the interdisciplinary instruction. Behaviorism Behaviorism is the theory that defines learning as the acquisition of new behavior by means of observations and discussions. The main strength is the nature of the theory that allows gathering data on the basis of simple observations. Its weakness is its one-dimensional approach and the possibility to analyze what can be observed and measured only. No attention to the idea of adaptation is paid in this theory. Cognitivism In comparison to behaviorism where observations matter, cognitivism is the theory that focuses on a human brain. In other words, theorists consider the ways of how people could understand and store information. Experiments, as the main method of the chosen theory, help to understand practical applications of knowledge. It is the strong aspect of the theory. Still, all processes are
Three main concepts that guided western thought about humanity’s place in Nature, and the nature of the Earth itself, before Darwin. One of the theories existing in the 17th century was the one by James Ussher who claimed that all existing species remained the same as created by God; this theory was supported by Carolus Linnaeus who established a specific nomenclature to name all species. Other theories that existed before the evolutionary theory by Charles Darwin include two more prominent theories that appeared to be prominent for their time. One of them is the one of catastrophism established by the French scientist George Cuvier; this theory suggested the idea that all species that died in the result of some natural phenomena and catastrophes were replaced with other new species moving to that territory. However, Charles Lyell is the author of another theory – uniformitarianism – according to which all processes that killed ancient species can be observed in contemporary world as well as in the universe. The examples of Pre-Darwinian theories being incorrect include fossil record, recorded genetic changes that evidence the sequence of organisms, and anatomical and chemical similar features of related species. Hominids in Africa The first hominid that should be mentioned is the Australopithecus africanus that lived about 3.5-2 mya in Africa. It could live in various environments and eat mostly soft food such as fruit, insects, and small prey. Their brain equals the 1/3 rd of ours; they are taller than 3’8”; their jaw is not so sticking out. The second hominid to address is the Australopithecus garhi that lived in Africa around 2.5 mya. It is difficult to say for sure but some worked up bones were found near this species which can evidence their use of those tools for various purposes. The third hominid is the Robust Australopithecines that lived around 2.5-1 mya in Africa. The main difference from preceding species is that it has teeth of different shape thus of different functions assuming that they managed to eat some hard food. The jaw does not stick out; chewing muscles are increased compared to species that ate only soft food. It is known to have used sticks for digging. This species was a dead end in evolution. The non-linear complex adaptive system concerning the exploration of hominids includes the research on the look of those species, way of eating, and some features that can be considered common for a few species to address those as an evolutionary chain. Decoupling of Behavior from Anatomy The concept of decoupling of behavior from anatomy stands for the explanation of behavior with the help of knowledge about the skeleton structure of the fossil species. For instance, it turns out to be obvious that Robust Australopithecines could eat hard food due to the peculiar features of their skeleton structure such as large molars, dished face, increased chewing muscles, and cheekbones with a wide flare angle. Thus, these features let us assume that Robust Australopithecines was able to eat hard food contrasted to previ
Cultural Relativism Theory Cultural relativism theory is the view that moral and ethical structures which differ from culture to culture are similarly effective. This denotes that there is no cultural structure that is superior to the other. The theory is based on the idea that there is no decisive standard considered good or evil. Therefore, every judgment about right and wrong is a product of the society. This means that we cannot learn or adopt another cultural code of standard (Rachels, 2006). It is also imperative to use an individual’s culture to determine whether our actions are ethical or unethical. Ethics is relative because what one culture perceives as bad might be good to the other society (Rachels, 2006). This theory of culture also points out that there is no universal truth in ethics. Indeed, this implies that ethical issues are out of bounds to outsiders in a given culture and it can only be analyzed within the context of the culture in question. It would then be wrong to judge cultural actions as unethical since no culture is better than the other and every cultural standard is guaranteed to a specific culture. Ethical subjectivism further explains cultural relativism. It states that there is no neutral truth in principles, no correct answers to ethical questions and that there are no moral queries with the right answers. The notion of cultural relativism and culture specificity is exemplified by different life cases appertaining to various cultures that exhibit tendencies of what we might term unethical. Cultural relativism hence acts like a shield against criticism of actions emanating from a particular culture (Rachel, 2006). Among the Eskimos, regulation of births via birth control method was not possible. As a result, the birth rate was high. This phenomenon is mostly observed in communities where food supply is unable to support a vast population. The Eskimos practiced infanticide as a way of regulating birth and the population (Rachel, 2006). Infanticide was mostly done to female children after birth to lessen the burden of providing food for the men. Killing of children is unethical but in the Eskimo case it was a way of ensuring survival for some members. Among the Greeks it was normal for them to bury their dead fathers. In Galatians, cannibalism was practiced. They ate their dead fathers instead of burying them. In the modern American society such cases would be morally wanting and some would be considered unethical. These simila
Robert Frost’s poem “Nothing Gold Can Stay” and Emily Dickinson’s poem “Because I could not stop for Death,” abound in symbolism that depicts temporality of life. The time bound existence of all things is expressed through metaphoric symbolism in both the poems. Dickinson presents this idea of temporality by personifying Death as a guard of worldly life and Frost presents nature in his distinctive style of a synecdochist to demonstrate how time changes everything. Frost on one hand believes in mortality while Dickinson reestablishes her belief on death and immortality. The poems are similar in their belief that everything in life ends with time, however, Frost does not confirm to Dickinson’s idea of immortality. This essay compares and contrasts the two poems to demonstrate the similarity in its theme of temporality but difference in stylistic and poetic content. In other words, the aim of the paper is to trace the similarities and differences of symbolism and temporality found in the two poems. Frost’s “Nothing Gold Can Stay” First published in 1923, “Nothing Can Stay Gold” is a unique example of a short poem. This poem is just eight lines long and the diction is extremely simple. It is written in trimester lines that add to the poem’s extreme brevity and stylistic lyricism. The poem is usually categorized as a nature poem, and is full of paradoxical symbolisms. The central theme of the poem is temporality and change. Frost recurrently emphasizes on the fact that things initially may seem vibrant but with time fades into oblivion. Therefore, the question of temporality or transience is central to the theme of this eight-lined poem. A line-by-line explication of the poem reveals that Frost has filled it with paradoxes that symbolize the central theme of the poem. The very first line of the poem, “Nature’s first green is gold” shows that the paradox of life and death in nature. Green is the first color of spring that assures us of life; however, one may have observed that the very first color that nature bears is not green but a haze of golden yellow. Here Frost does not mean wealth by use of the word “gold,” rather uses it as a color. Here the reface is again to the very first inception of life in spring when the color of green is not rich viridian but a light golden shade, which appears to be yellow. However, the first golden leaves of spring are awfully short-lived and changes to other shades. In the second couplet, Frost reinforces on another paradoxical observation of nature to demonstrate that the fading away of its initial beauty. The second couplet describes the “early leafs a flower,” which describes when the leaves bloom out of the stem, curled against each other, shaped like a flower. This demonstrates the leaf’s early life is as beautiful as that of a flower. However, they grow, as Frost says in, “only so an hour” and are transformed into their flattened shapes. The symbolism of the core idea of the poem is demonstrated with “gold”, “early leaf”, “flower”, “Eden”, and “dawn” . The poem, through its paradoxical imageries, pr
Introduction Javanese music is among the most classifiable and special music forms in the Asian culture. The music is used significantly in politics, religions, and societal entertainment purposes. The music entails two-tone systems, viz. the pelog and slendro. The pelog is made of seven different musical tones whereby traces of western music are involved. On the other side, slender is made of five-octave tones, which are internally related. The Javanese music is referred to as the old music system, but recent music researchers have established substantial evidence that calendar originated from pelog. The distinct cultural difference between the two music systems is that the calendar is associated with masculine aspects, while pelog is regarded as a feminine form of music. Moreover, the Javanese gamelan is an orchestral tune of bronze instruments played by the Hindus. The Balinese gamelan is different from the Javanese gamelan as it is played at a faster tempo with a sharper tone (Brinner 1995) . This paper will highlight the history, instrumentation, music genres, and the relationship between the region/culture and Javanese music. History The capital city of Indonesia is Jakarta, where music is heard from different nightclubs, discos, and karaoke bar singing with the traditional ensemble Gamelan music. Indonesia has several different languages with disparate cultures with diverse music styles (Briggs 1986). Gamelan music is dominated by the Buddhist culture in Indonesia. According to Briggs (1986, p. 81), the gamelan ‘was introduced by King Sang Hyang Guru during the Saka era in Manga’. The king had to signal his gods, whereby he formed the other two songs, viz. Sandro and pelog gamelan sets to make message delivery easy. The music instruments evolved to sophisticated forms at different times throughout history. Brinner (1995, p.111) posits that in the 12th Century, ‘the palaces of Java were composed of the Munggang and kodokngorek gamelans, which made the loud style.’ Thereafter, Brinner (1995, p.111) adds that a ‘soft style musical tone from the kemanak traditions, which was used for singing the Javanese poetry, was introduced.’ The Hindu culture of dance and performing arts, drama, and puppet theatre influenced the development of music that later was shaped by the technological revolution in Java (Farish 2004). Genres and Music The music of Java uses several different musical styles, both traditional and contemporary, which cater to the different Java communities. The Javanese gamelan has different unique musical styles that combine diverse features of the Asian cultures and the European colonialists (Briggs 1986). Specifically, the gamelan music style uses metallic idiophones and drums, which are the unique features of Javanese mus
Let us start with the most general and strongest thesis: “drugs are awful,” which could be reformulated as “drugs cause harm.” In his essay “Unjust Drug War,” Huemer challenges this thesis in terms of prohibiting drugs in terms of harm to humans (Huemer, b). If we believe that the state should prohibit those phenomena and processes that harm a person, then many situations that are legalized fall under this thesis. An interesting argument in support of drug legalization here is that drugs should be equated with alcohol. The US experience in banning alcohol in the first half of the 20th century has led nowhere, and, ultimately, any other drug will have to be allowed. Of course, alcohol is harmful, like other drugs, at least “light” ones, but unlike any drug, alcohol has taken root in society more than a century ago. History knows many attempts to eradicate alcohol, which later ended in failure. In addition, the thought experiment shows the ethical inadmissibility of such a prohibition from the point of view of moral philosophy. Imagine that a person announces to everyone that no one in their village now has the right to use substances that she has identified as harmful. She then goes around the village and kidnaps those who use these substances, and then she locks them in cages for years. This behavior of mine will immediately seem unacceptable. However, offhand, her behavior is similar to the authorities’ policy related to the prohibition of drugs. This establishes the presumption of inadmissibility of the prohibition of narcotic drugs. Please note that her kidnapping will not be acceptable if she shows convincingly that these substances are indeed harmful for her peers. They will also not be acceptable if she demonstrates how some of them became unemployed. Since, at first glance, it is evident that such reasons are not sufficient to justify her actions, the government does not get the right to do the same. Thus, drug prohibition is unjustified government interference with individual freedom of choice. A person is free to independently decide what and how to do, what to use, and in what amounts. “Light” drugs are no more harmful to human health than alcohol or tobacco, which are legal and widely used and regulated by the government, which uses the sale of alcohol an
The Bible covers all aspects of human life. Christians always refer to the teachings in the Bible when coming up with their decisions. The book of Proverbs covers the teachings of Hebrew wisdom on contemporary issues such as relationships, marriage, wealth, family, and self-control (Hindson, 2003). Solomon, the author of the book, associates diligence with terms such as riches, abundance, busy, power, and wisdom (Yates & Hindson, 2012). In the book of Proverbs, Solomon contrasts diligence with laziness under several circumstances. The book presents wisdom as the best virtue. In the book, Solomon illustrates that folly is as an act of making uninformed decisions. According to him, a foolish person is aware of the advantages of making wise decisions, but always chooses to ignore and makes imprudent choices. All through the book of Proverbs, connections between diligence and laziness have been highlighted. The book of proverbs differentiates diligence from laziness. Equally, the book differentiates wisdom from folly. In Proverbs 6:6-8, Solomon makes a clear contrast between diligence and laziness while depicting the difference between wise and folly. In the book, Solomon states, “Ants do not have a ruler or a commander yet they collect enough food in summer” (Rapids, 2002). Here, ants are depicted as diligent creatures since they collect food without being forced by a commander. Solomon implies that the ants collect food with no supervision because they are diligent. Equally, the scripture illustrates that ants are wise because they know that food is plenty in the summer and not in winter. On proverbs 26:14, diligence is contrasted with laziness (Rapids, 2002). In this verse, Solomo