ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Open Dental is a practice management software owned by Open Dental Software, Inc., whose headquarters is in the Oregon United States of America. It is licensed in the United States under the GNU General Public License. It is available under two arrangements: a full-function version and a trial version. The full-function version has features that are associated with royalty payments. It is available on the MySQL database program which permits viewing by everyone who has access to the database and still leaves total control to the dentist. It is intended for dental businesses. Dentists can use this software to manage various aspects of their practice. The software includes Appointment Scheduling, Imaging, and 3D Dental Charting. I/O interface Open Dental software has an easy-to-use query system. A dentist can query information related to the patient such as insurance plan, family, appointment schedule, and dental images. It has one window screen with seven modules. The following are its input/output fields: Appointment : this is an area where the user manages all patient appointments. All scheduled appointments are entered here alongside other additional details like recalls, financial notes, and medical notes. Dentists click this button if they want to set up an appointment with a client. Family : this is where the dentist enters patient family information. It allows the storage of complete patient records. This area also supports additional features like digital signatures. This is a feature that allows the signing of procedure notes. This module also has a feature that allows patients to enter or modify their information. This is typically done in the waiting room. This feature comes with a medical history questionnaire that is filled by the patient. Any new information is added and those details that have changed are removed at this level. This module permits patients to check diseases from a list of diseases provided. Account : this is an area that is used to create and manage patient accounts. This area is customizable. From this area, the dentist can send Emails appointment reminders and follow-up care Emails. Other functions associated with this module include:   * Billing system – this allows e-claims, creation, and tracking of patient payment plans, an in-built accounting system, credit card, and debit card readers.   * Tracking system – this function enables tracking of referrals and cases that need laboratory investigations. It can set up due dates automatically. Treatment Plan : this module allows the dentist
One of the greatest psychologists in the world literature, the Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky employed his literary talent in order to explore the most obscure and intricate nooks of human nature. Delving unprecedentedly deep in the mysteries of human soul, he created his novels that present outstanding examples of psychological analysis of the most morbid issues and ideas. Dostoyevsky’s famous Crime and Punishment features a poor ex-student Raskolnikov who commits a premeditated murder of an old prosperous pawnbroker excusing his actions by the demands of the greater good and the general justice. However, despite those exalted aims, Raskolnikov suffers pangs of conscience and mental anguish for a prolonged time before he finally ventures to confess his crime. The act of confession is one of the central themes in Crime and Punishment , since it is the climax point of the novel signifying crucial changes in Raskolnikov’s mental and physical state. As such, the genre of confession was not new for literature: started as early as 400 AD by the Confessions of St. Augustine, the genre of intimate avowals of one’s secret sin enjoyed a growing popularity in European literature of the nineteenth century. In the eighteenth century Jean-Jacques Rousseau widely applied this genre in his autobiographical writings. Remarkably enough, Dostoyevsky repeatedly referred to Rousseau’s confessions, polemicizing with the latter’s interpretation of the genre. Traditionally, confessional genre was viewed as “a narrative in which the confessor recounted some secret crime or scene and then depicted the gradual reform and rebirth that resulted from pangs of conscience and expiation through suffering” (Lantz 364). But while Rousseau’s confessor’s were represented as inherently virtuous beings, Dostoyevsky rejected such interpretation of the penitent and viewed the nature of man as not virtuous but “innately stupid and limited” (Lantz 365). This latter approach is by large reflected in Crime and Punishment which was supposedly conceived as a novel titled “Confession
Gun violence is one of the most prominent social issues leading to both harm and fatalities. While most of those who own firearms have the federal right to keep them, some challenges arise when they are unfit to possess such weapons. In particular, some of these individuals are affected by the issues rooted within their systems, which are mostly of biological and social nature. Thus, policymakers often use theories explaining the possible origins of violence in an individual to create guidelines used to assess one’s fitness to legally possess a handgun. The three main public policies used to combat gun violence include psychological fitness assessment, background checks, and gun trafficking monitoring. It is critical to entrust gun ownership to responsible citizens using different policy approaches. Background checks are important as they help psychologists assess a buyer’s social interactions, attitudes, and behaviors. For example, the women prone to domestic abuse are likely to possess and use weapons against their oppressors. Moreover, a rifle seller must assess one’s psychological traits and mental health to ensure that the firearm is placed in a sober individual’s hands. Furthermore, a weapon licensee should understand the driving motive for buying guns to limit the number of purchases to reduce possible trafficking practices. According to Alvarez and Bachman (2019), strain theory explains the driving factors witnessed among the people who live in complicated conditions and are deprived of most necessities, thus becoming violent. Alvarez and Bachman (2019) also reveal that people become aggressive by observing those they mostly interact with. For instance, one is likely to demonstrate aggression if raised in a conflict-filled zone or where people have to rob using different kinds of weapons. Thus, in policymaking, these theories are considered to impact how the purchasers can be expected to use guns. In conclusion, the theory is critical in policymaking, as it provides a framework used to define the various elements of the guidelines adopted to curb foreseeable issues. For instance, when formulating gun violence policies, concepts such as strain and social learning theories are used to define possible causes of aggression among firearm buyers and to assess the possibility of them inappropriately using their guns within society. Reference Alvarez, A., & Bachman, R. D. (2019). Violence: The enduring problem . Sage Publications.
Although Wal-Mart provides employment to a large population in the world, it has been accused of disobeying some of the basic human protection requirements in the workplace. The most dangerous job in Wal-Mart is working as a fabric cutter in the clothing department. Fabric cutters are employees are employed to cut fabric from the large sizes to the small required sizes ready for sale to consumers at retail prices. However, some of the reports released have indicated that there are claims that the fabric cutters are not provided with protective devices. For example, the company does not provide safety gloves to the fabric cutters (Workplace Fairness, 2011) especially to the overseas employees. This is against the basic workplace rights where employees working in risky sections should be provided with protective devices. The report further reported that a cost benefit analysis carried by the company indicated that shipping gloves overseas was costly than washing the blood stained clothes and exporting them (Workplace Fairness, 2011). This is some kind of exploitation where the company is more concerned on making profits instead of making safety of its employees. It also rights exploitation of the employees. This job is risk given that the employees are exposed to body injuries and cuts from the machines. Other risks associated with the job are infection from the fabric dusts and cutes from blades and scissors. The employees are aware of the risks associated with the job they are involved in. This is because they are the ones who have reported of being mistreated and violated by the overseas management of Wal-Mart chain stores. However, the employees have little say over the issue because they are not allowed to have unions that can be used for collective bargains on better working conditions (Vedder & Jacobs, 2007). This has made it impossible to campaign for their working rights because the employees cannot be allowed to demand for their working rights. It is also imperative to note that the workers are discriminated because of their nationality and race in regard to the subject matter. It is in my opinion that the employees are aware of the risk associated with operating or cutting fabric without proper protective gloves. The reason why the employees continue to work under this condition knowingly is because of the increased unemployment levels and cost of living. The workers have families to take care of and they accept anything they get. The risk associated with cutting fabric is not reasonable and acceptable. This is because, the United States Department of Labour requires all the employees to be provided with protective devices when handling machines or any apparatus that may cause bodily harm (United States Department of Labour, n.d). This makes the risk unacceptable as it is the mandate of the organization like Wal-Mart to provide its employe
Introduction The self-fulfilling prophecy cuts across the board from the classroom, lecture halls, and workplaces. Pygmalion seeks to address the issue of how people are treated, whether good or bad. Essentially, there exists a direct relationship between how people are treated and the results to be achieved. This implies that how people are treated tends to be transforming (Livingston, 2). Pygmalion Pygmalion was an ancient Greek sculptor. He noted that individuals could transform others based on how they treat them. Sometimes, managers treat their employees or subordinates in a manner that enhances their performance. On the other hand, many supervisors underutilize the potential of their staff unintentionally. Managers’ behaviors towards their employees depict their expectations from the workers. Over the years, behavioral scientists have recognized the powerful and direct relationship between a person’s expectations and the actual results of a person’s activities (Livingston, 3). The managers’ attitude and their expectations towards their juniors largely define the performance and progress of employees. Secondly, managers who can formulate high prospects for their juniors have exceptional features. Thirdly, the supervisors who are not competent do not hold high expectations leading to poor output among their subordinates. Lastly, in most instances, employees engage in activities believed to be their responsibility. Impact on productivity According to an observation made by Alfred Oberlander, the outstanding insurance agencies had remarkable growth as compared to the average or poor agencies. The success of the insurance firms was greatly attributed to their agents. The outstanding firms recognized the effort of their agents significantly as compared to the poor performing insurance firms (Livingston, 3). Later, Oberlander divided the sales agent into three groups. The best agents were assigned to the best supervisor and the average and poor sales agents. Soon after the selection, the best agents were regarded as super staff. The motivated group yielded more than normal productivity, while the poor producer had to be eliminated from the operation. Thus, it is evident that the best employees’ performance increased because of motivation and high expectations. However, the results of the poor performing employees declined even further due to the low expectations. However, self-fulfilling prophecies were evident from the average group. Though the group selected was from the average group, the average manager was resilient to believe that he could achieve just like the best manager. This led to the average group superseding its target (Livingston 8). Comparable results have been attained from a different company confirming the above sentiments. Pygmalion is by no means a business discovery through clinical experiments. In this case, subjects behave as they are expected to behave. Pattern failure When employees are treated as super staff, they strive to li
How are the characters of the main heroes revealed in the films “In Between Days” and “Public Enemy”? The main character in the 2006 movie “In Between Days” is a young girl from Korea who has moved to North America. The name of the protagonist is Aimie. Two characters should be described from the other 2002 movie — “Public Enemy”. Kang Chul-Joong is a policeman who plays the role of an anti-hero and confronts Cho Kyu-hwan, a killer and psychopath, who is a reputable manager at the same time. All of these characters are described with the help of so-called “social masks”. They depict the Korean value system as well. Thus, Aimie seems to be a self-centered girl. However, her friendship with Tran, who is also an immigrant, demonstrates that she can be different ( In Between Days ). The story of Aimie shows the importance of social connections for Korean people and the value of communication. The social mask of Kang is that of the unpredictable cop who can break the law for making a profit. Despite such a style of behavior, Kang has a developed sense of justice. He is ready to do everything possible to find the psychopathic killer. Such depiction of Kang may be regarded as a manifestation of Korean society’s aim to implement the priority of human rights and the significance of human life. On the contrary, Cho is a good-looking manager with an excellent reputation. His social mask is used to hide his true self. What is the importance of the idea of “throwness” in both movies? The concept of “throwness” is used to describe the experience when the person has to live in a new environment. This idea aims to describe new feelings, impressions, and adaptation processes. This concept may be observed in both movies. In “In Between Days”, Aimie lives in an extremely new society. She knows nothing about the new worlds and needs help to become an open and happy person. Her relations with Tran saves her from loneliness. The Korean value system pays particular attention to the role of the family. That is why the story of Aimie describes the difficult experience of almost all migrants. In the second film, the detective Kang is not placed in the other location physically. He happens to see Cho in a dark alley trying to hide a weapon used for murdering his parents ( Public Enemy ). Kang is not sure that it is Cho, but he has been thrown into a new situation and should find a way out
Introduction The mass media is the principal source of political information that has an impact on the citizens. This powerful tool with a significant influence on the perception of political parties can be helpful when expressing a public opinion on events in the political sphere. However, it can also become a tool for manipulating citizens’ preferences and views on the decisions of the government toward internal and external politics. This results in media bias created by journalists being not objective enough when describing recent events. The Concept of Mass Media Bias The concept of media bias refers to the disagreement about its impact on the citizens and objectivity of their choices. Nowadays, with the development of online technologies, it is much easier to access information. This fact has led to the appearance of citizen journalism, which means that even ordinary citizens present things from their point of view and thus have an impact on public opinion (Ardèvol-Abreu and Gil De Zúñiga, 2017). With an increase in news outlets and online sources, people start to distrust the media as not all of the authors are objective the way professional journalists have to be. It is hard to recognize whether the article is a reliable source of information or a biased point of view of a non-professional writer. It is essential for journalists to be as objective as possible and put their opinion aside to provide unbiased material for non-partisan citizens. According to Ardèvol-Abreu et al. (2017), journalism is a political tool that “oversees the activities of public authorities on behalf of citizens” (p.3). To be successful mediators between the government and
Comparison between Mobile Computing Technology and In-Patient Visits First, it is a well-known fact that visiting a doctor’s office or hospital to have the vital signs monitored requires time, money and effort. However, available mobile computing technologies require minimal time, resources and effort, not mentioning that the resulting data may be used immediately by the patient to remedy a medical condition, or may be shared with a physician for treatment (Avancha et al., 2012). Additionally, unlike in-patient visits to a doctor’s office or hospital, whereby a patient is required to physically visit the physician for the vital signs to be checked and recorded, mobile computing technology provides the framework for long-term continuous medical monitoring of a patient’s vital signs through “mobile internet devices (MIDs) connected wirelessly to wearable, portable, and even embeddable sensors” (Avancha et al., 2012 p. 3:2). Consequently, it can be argued that mobile computing technologies such as InmHealth are better placed to improve the healthcare quality of patients than in-patient visits. Lastly, it is conceivable to argue that mobile computing in healthcare allows for faster response time should a patient’s vital signs reveal any complexities. In light of this attribute, using mobile computing technology improves the efficiency of medical monitoring (Avancha et al., 2012). In contrast, in-patient visits are less efficient when it comes to monitoring vital signs as they do not provide any continuous contact between the doctor and the patient to allow for faster response and decision-making in case of an emergency (Siau & Shen, 2006). Advantages & Disadvantages of using Mobile Computing Technology In advantages, mobile computing technology has proved very beneficial in terms of efficiency and vital support to patients (Arshad et al, n.d.); hence it is currently on the cusp of major innovations and wide-ranging deployments not only in the United States but also globally (Avancha et al., 2012). Second, mobile computing technology can avail important real-time (instant) health information to patients and their doctors, hence allowing for faster decision making (Siau & Shen, 2006). Another advantage is that most of the mobile computing devices can immediately analyze the recorded health information for constant improvement and research (Interactive Research & Development, 2012). Other advantages of mobile computing technology include the capacity to enhance the quality of healthcare, capacity to enable patients to manage their health with much ease, and the capacity to minimize the cost of care by allowing patients to spend less time in health institutions or initiate fewer visits to their physician (Avancha et al., 2012). Among the disadvantages, available literature shows that althou
Introduction Evidence based medicine is based on the guidelines of applying the appropriate and efficient evidence attained from various scientific methods of decision making in clinics. Evidence quality, which is incorporated in evidence based practices, is composed of meta-analyses as well as systematic reviews. Individual factors such as value of life and quality are critical in defining the various aspects of health care. Study designs of Evidence based medicine Techniques incorporated in evidence based medicine are of a wide range. They range from the various departments that include: engineering, science and statistics. The study design has a crucial role to play on the trustworthiness of the results achieved as well as the level of evidence it can portray. Time to time different entities have invented systems for categorizing scientific evidence according to the strength and weakness of the different study design.   * Numbers needed to treat (NNT). The number needed to treat (NNT) is equated as having utility only if the evidence on which it is founded satisfies the criteria of size, quality and validity. In terms of Prophylaxis, fewer events take place in the treated group. In addition the absolute value of NNT cannot be depended upon in valuing the effectiveness of something.   * The quality adjusted life year (QALYs). The quality adjusted life year on the other hand incorporates the quality as well as the quantity of life that has resulted from healthcare interventions. A common currency of assessing the benefits achieved from the various health linked to quality of life interventions, are provided by QALY. However, QUALYs has been ruled out as imperfect in terms of measuring the outcome. The shortcomings are attributed to methodological as well as technical shortcomings.   * Meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is best incorporated in difficult practices that aim to achieve effective research. It is regarded for the role it plays in detecting of minuet clinical effects as well as precision estimates of the size of effects that have been identified.   * Systematic reviews. In systematic reviews, is regarded as a literature review that is aimed at a particular research question that tries to pin point as well as synthesize high levels of research quality evidence that are appropriate to the question at hand. Professionals involved in healthcar