ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction When we talk of supply chain management, we look at different factors and scenarios which are important in the management of the supply chain. In supply chain management mainly focuses on forecasting in particular collaborative forecasting, which is important in that it helps an organization reduces costs associated with inventory. In an organization, we look at inventory control closely and as a result we have to make plans for the control and management of internal and external factors (Chopra, 2009). To ensure that the organization remains at a competitive advantage supply chain management through collaborative forecasting is very important. Effect of data points on confidence intervals In our case, various data points are available that affect the way the inventory ordering is done; the data points enable us to gauge the accuracy of our forecasting. While forecasting it’s important to note errors due to forecasting based on historical data, the less the number of data points the higher the confidence levels and vice-versa (Lambert, 2008). MAD (mean absolute deviation) is a technique used to trace errors in the process of forecasting. In the process of collaborative forecasting, inventory forecasting is done through various means and in our case multi-period inventory system was used. This system depends on fixed order periods, in that order of inventory is done when time for the current inventory expires. In our scenario provided we look at collaborative forecasting using the technique of fixed time period model, this model explains on how inventory should be ordered according to the calculations done using fixed values and assumptions (Chopra, 2009). This model assumes that the demand and cost of a product is uniform and goods ordered will not be returned. The model looks at the costs involved and as a result the accuracy levels of using this model are very high with minimal errors. Role of global factors and competition When an organization is forecasting we have to look at factors which influence the forecasting. In our case global factors such as change in currency exchange rates and price of oil, affect the forecasting task. These and other global factors have made the forecasting process difficult, these factors might make the forecast have errors which will lead to costly overheads in organizations. According to Helms (2000), some global factors that are to be considered when forecasting include competitor’s advantage, market demand and economic conditions which have had an influence in the forecasting of how many vehicles will be sold in our case. On the issue of forecasting bearing in mind the competitive nature of the world markets, we have to analyze demand based on the customer’s expectation and the use of technology in the forecasting process (Lambert, 2008). When make use of technology such as ERP systems we are able to come up with a system which relies on dependant demand, in this case we are able to predict inventory
Introduction Modern hotel industry leads reservation online. It is very convenient and fast. Even though many people still prefer to make telephone reservations, the Internet has already occupied the hotel reservation. It should be mentioned that more people see the privileges of using online reservation rather than do it via email (Smit, 2012). The form of reservation is convenient, the time spent on this procedure is minimal, and people do not have to go anywhere, they have just switch on the Internet and follow the steps. The reservation online is an easy task to do as the actions are reduced to minimum and the information required is also minimal (Bardi, 2011). Thus, to understand how online registration works, whether it is convenient of not, we have decided to check three different sites where tried to reserve a room. Online reservation is aimed at booking a same room type, considering the same check-in and check-out date, and understanding whether the same number of guest is allowed. In other words, three web sites which deal with registration have been examined. We tried to check all the points in order to see whether they are advantageous or not for people. The main criteria according to which the web sites for reservation are going to be checked are as follows, the hotel website, www.booking.com, and www.hotels.com. The US hotel in Las Vegas appeared as the center of our attention. Thehotel Mandalay Bay is a focus of our discussion. The choice of the web sites for analysis was justified by the frequency of used services. The site of the hotel is considered to be the most common for reservation, then, we selected two most spread services, booking.com and hotel.com. The analysis is going to be based on stressing pros and cons of reserving a room with one of the services in several aspects, such as payment method, cancellation policy, benefits received, benefits received, convenience of the order form, and user-friendliness. Comparison table                                                                 Pros                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Cons
Introduction William Shakespeare lived in extremely uneasy time, marked with the transition from medieval to Renaissance values in governance, political and social life; therefore, the reality was quickly changing. In the 16 th century, medieval feudalism was quickly declining, moreover the feudalism was dying an honorable death; the aristocracy began using increasingly more cruel and tough measures to support its authority and with the help of that to back up the hierarchical order which aristocrats thought had served them very well. The sixteenth century showed the consequent unrest and a great feeling of suspicion that in most cases resulted in different kind of surveillance and betrayal in people relations – in the social and political spheres. Several attempts to kill both Elizabeth I and James VI brought about cruel and really brutal retaliations. According to Shakespeare, only a man is able to improve the world, so the central focus of his plays is human emotions and psychological life, doubts, mistakes and suffering. His tragedies King Lear , Hamlet and Othello are consistently based upon the central theme of fatal mistake, resulting from blind anger. However, the specific drives for these mistakes are different: whereas in Hamlet , the striving for revenge is the most apparent motivator, in King Lear and Othello , anger gives rise to frustration, sorrow and psychological abandonment, which, however, bring the same outcome. Main body Before discussing Shakespearean notion of anger as expressed in the three literary works, it is important to note that his protagonists are unordinary people, who achieved considerable social success either by birth (Hamlet) or by wise deeds (King Lear, Othello) (Gurr, p.119; Bloom, p. 87). Therefore, these characters tend to emphasize their personal dignity and overprotect it so that this aristocratic quality turns into
A continuous struggle is going on in the world of Karl Marx, for as long as there is an exploiter and an exploited. Karl Marx lived and struggled all his life for the emancipation of the working man who was reduced to a common serf. There is continuing class struggle as people with the same interests form a class to fight for their freedom. Class struggles exist in any given society when its production powers are falling. This is what happened to the cities of Europe during Marx and Engel’s time. By contrast, primitive societies have no class because their labour tends to be similar and all members of society work hard for their daily subsistence. Unlike in a class society where there is difference between labour and capital; one has to work while the other produces the capital. Here, class struggle is evident. (Wood 2004, p. 97) Commentators and Marxist critics do not have only one interpretation of the term class struggle. Many would say that it is about material struggle of the classes in society. Others would say that it is used as a metaphor. In the true sense, it is economic in nature. But it is material because it is a struggle for the material means that members of society desperately need. The social order depends upon the results of class struggle, or there cannot be order if class struggle causes social upheaval or conflict or chaos. In the Marxist philosophy, class struggle means battle of opposing classes. There have been class divisions in society based on the relation of individuals to property and means of production. Because of these class struggles, changes are inevitable. (Chatterjee 2010, p. 24) Marx believed that world history has been characterized by class struggle. Class struggles are the result of economic development or of society’s forces of production. Tools, technologies and industries are the driving forces in history’s class struggles. These forces can change human relations. (Lowi and Harpham 1997, p. 255) What are classes? Classes are ‘economic groupings’ in society that depends on their relation to the production process. The moneyed class or the capitalists, those who own the means of production are grouped into one class, while the labourers and the proletariat belong to another; they are also known as the exploiting and the exploited classes (Erckel 2008, p. 6). Marx’s concept of class is first based with objectively defined interests which are the results of exploitation and oppression in production: the capitalists or the moneyed class dominating the labourers or the have-nots. To talk of it objectively, people have an interest not to be exploited or oppressed, or under control by others. And this kind of domination can only be countered by collective action. Individual welfare can be realized by upward social mobility at least by some people but not by many people. It forms a class. Class interests motivate people into forming organized interest groups. Marx’s concept of class is not definite although he clearly defined the terms proletariat and bourgeoisie. (Elster 1986, p. 123) In understanding human societies, Marx considered the economic conditions and how people acted in answering the necessi
Introduction Standardized terminologies as specific systems for stating diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes are actively used in nursing because of their appropriateness to document or record patient conditions. Using North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) terminologies, nurses enter diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes in the Electronic Health Records (McGonigle, Kirkwood, Mastrian, & Rich, 2014, p. 65). It is also possible to apply these standardized terminologies for discussing the patient care scenario. The patient is a 51-year-old male having the following vital signs and values: blood pressure (BP) is 144/95 mmHg; blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is 35 mg/dL; the creatinine clearance is reduced; the uric acid is 4.8 mg/dL; the urinary retention is not stated. The patient complains of the lower back pain, fatigue, and often headaches. Thus, the paper aims to apply the NANDA, NOC, and NIC elements to the presented patient scenario and discuss the data, information, knowledge, and wisdom associated with the case. Application of NANDA, NOC, and NIC Terminologies In order to develop the effective patient care plan, it is necessary to assess the patient’s state using the standardized terminologies. While focusing on the patient’s vital signs and complaints, it is important to refer to the NANDA terminology in order to determine the appropriate diagnosis for the case. Thus, the nursing diagnosis includes the following elements: risk for or the altered renal perfusion, acute pain, decreased cardiac output, and activity intolerance. Interventions for the observed conditions need to be determined with the help of the NIC terminology. Thus, the following interventions should be discussed in relation to the patient scenario: the invasive hemodynamic monitoring to measure the hemodynamic parameters and conclude on the further therapy to support the cardiovascular function; the vital signs monitoring as the collection of the cardiovascular data along with the body temperature data; the cardiac care; the pain management to help the patient to reduce the acut
In my mind, I believe that bull is a profanity that can be referred to as interjections that make no sense, particularly as reprimand while responding to actions or communication perceived as false, unfair, disingenuous, misleading, and deceptive. In my daily life, I experience bull from people I know and those I do not know. I consider a deliberate lie as part of bull since the individual is attempting to deceive me by narrating or pretending to have completed a particular task. Additionally, I consider films, especially action or fantasy movies, as bull since they include unbelievable acting that cannot be replicated in the real world. I think that the bull applies everywhere, including in situations where the butlers are aware that bulling is occurring. I believe that I am a bull-average person because I try to be aware of my surroundings. In this case, I tend to participate in bull activities when I am among my peers. The bull that I produce depends on the mood of the people around me. I produce bull that mostly relates to humorous circumstances because I believe that there is more significant bull than others. For instance, there is a bull that can cause emotional harm to other individuals. Spreading false information concerning an individual can cause depression and tarnish that person’s image (Santiáñez, 2018). Some are less significant, and these mostly involve hilarious words. I believe that one can conduct a self-assessment on whether they are bull-neutral. To do so, individuals must be aware of the different periods they are participating in bull communication or activities. Finally, all instances of the bull are not equal and cannot be defined by the number of words that they contain. There are those with fewer words but have a greater impact, while there are those with more words with little impact. Reference Santiáñez, N. (2018). On literary bullshit: Discursive wrongdoing and modernity inFray Gerundio de Campazas. Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies , 19 (2), 161-174. Web.
Insulin Injection Insulin injection is a hormone used to boost body cells to utilize glucose for energy because it balances the glucose levels in an individual’s body. When there is excess glucose in a person’s body, insulin activates the body to store the surplus glucose in the liver (van Niekerk et al., 2020, p. 36). An individual’s sugar levels may increase between meals, when they are depressed, or when their bodies require additional energy. Insulin augments sugar to move from the bloodstream to the body cells (Karigire, 2019, p. 243). An individual’s body may fail to produce insulin to regulate glucose or produce insulin but fail to use it appropriately. When the body fails to utilize insulin correctly, the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin (Kim and Park, 2017, p. 145). Diabetes is usually controlled with diet, exercising, medications, including supplementing the body with insulin. The condition of lipodystrophy causes fat to accumulate or break down under the skin, resulting in indentations or lumps that affect insulin absorption. Patients rotate different body sites when injecting insulin, including thighs, buttocks, arms, and abdomen. Rotation of injecting sites enhances individuals to avoid over-concentration on a single part, leading to pain and irritation (Jedlowski et al ., 2019, p. 99). The abdomen is the most preferred part through which various individuals administer insulin. The abdomen allows the hormone to absorb quicker, and it is easier to reach the abdomen (Hövelmann et al., 2017, p. 503). Patients select a site between the pubic area and under the rib, then inject two inches from their previous injection. Patients are advised to avoid blemishes, scars, and moles since they interfere with how the body absorbs them. Demonstration on How to Use Insulin Injection Before administering the hormone, patients are advised to check on the quality. For instance, insulin should be left to cool with the normal room temperature if stored in cool conditions. If it seems cloudy, patients should mix the contents by rubbing the vial between the hands for seconds (Bahendeka et al., 2019, p. 343). The vial should not be shaken; short-acting the hormone mixed with other insulin should not be cloudy. In addition, patients should avoid using condensed, grainy, or stained insulin. Moreover, patients are advised to be keen on any broken varicose veins’ insulin (Pandya, Losben and Moore, 2019, p. 139). Insulin is injected on an individual’s outer layer of the thighs, approximately four inches up from the knee and four inches’ top of the leg. Steps When patients independently administer the insulin injection, they assemble the supplies. They gather bandages, alcohol pads, gauze, puncture-resistant containers for appropriate disposal of used syringes and needles, syringes and needles, and medication vials (Kesavadev et al ., 2020, p. 1267). Afterward, they wash their hands clean with warm water and soap. Patients are advised to observe hygiene standards before insulin administration. Patients should hold the syringe with
Introduction Northcentral University in Arizona USA is planning to conduct a study that aims at examining the link between procrastination and the effects it has on the general attitude of individuals towards life. This research will try to answer the following questions:  1. How do people view the problems and challenges that they face in life?  2. What methods do they use to solve such problems? To ensure that the study is conducted effectively and efficiently, some considerations have to be put in place. Due to the nature of the research questions of the study, open-ended questionnaires and interviews will be used to gather the required information for the study. As such, the research design will be qualitative in nature. The study will also consider professional ethics to ensure that conflicts of interest are avoided. The aim of this document therefore is to critically analyse these considerations to ensure that the results reflect a true and fair view of the study. Research Methods The participants of this study will be individuals between the ages of 18 to 65 years. This age group is composed of individuals with a lot of responsibilities and face a lot of challenges in life. As a result, they form the highest proportion of individuals who procrastinate. This sample group will thus ensure that the attitudes and perceptions of the individuals contained in this age bracket are captured (Creswell, 2009). As a result, the data that will be collected for the study and the inferences that will be made can easily be generalized to reflect the trends of the entire population. The study will be conducted within Northcentral University of Arizona and its environs. The data will be collected in places where there is a high concentration of people such as common rooms, gymnasiums and student centres within the university and shopping malls, bus stations and subways outside the university. Random sampling technique will be applied while selecting the individuals to be interviewed. This will ensure that the interviews that will be conducted are not biased. The study will aim at gathering the attitudes and perceptions of individuals with respect to procrastination. Due to this fact, a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods will also be used. These methods will ensure that all the aspects of the study are covered. This will increase the validity of the results. The data from the respondents will be collected with the use of questionnaires, interviews and observations. This data will be analysed using a computer software package called SPSS version 16. Ethical Considerations Any research that is conducted at Northcentral University involving human beings or any other living organism as its subjects must include ethical considerations that ensure that their rights are respected. These considerations are in accordance with the federal regulations, rules, and guidelines of NCU (Trochim and Don
Introduction English is undoubtedly a very beautiful language, and it is a good thing to love it and be proud of it. It is among the most prominent languages in the world. However, Americans cannot do without other languages in this century. The 21st century has experienced an increase in international jobs and business opportunities, threats to both global and national security and other factors that necessitate international understanding. Therefore, American students should learn at least one foreign language to enhance their chances of favorably competing with other nations for job opportunities, economic development and national and international security. History and Status of the Issue and Overview of Problems The call for a second language is not a new issue in the American educational set up. It has been a concern since the 1970s. In 1979, the President’s Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies proposed a second language for all tertiary institutions in America ( Foreign languages an essential core experience , 2014). This recommendation was followed by another one by the College Board in 1983. The new recommendation required schools to teach all students at least one foreign language. In 1996, school administrators unanimously endorsed foreign languages as crucial for the development of K-12 students ( Foreign languages an essential core experience , 2014). However, the achievement of all these recommendations has not been good enough because only 18% of the American population can speak at least a foreign language (Grosse, 2004). Therefore, America has achieved fewer outcomes compared to what other countries have achieved (Liu, 1999). Problem Statement Firstly, learning a foreign language has a great cognitive effect on an individual ( Foreign languages an essential core experience , 2014). Scholars have found out that learning a foreign language contributes to the improvement of the learners’ aptitude in other subjects. Several studies compared the performance of students taking foreign languages to that of students who only take English. The results indicated that the performance of those learners taking foreign languages is better than that of other students ( Foreign languages an essential core experience , 2014). Secondly, the 21st century world is dominated by globalization: technological advancement has made it possible for people from different countries to interact in attending to global issues (Rubin, 2001). As a result, people from different parts of the world meet in educational institutions, conferences to discuss the development and use of technology and other global issues such as global warming (Block & Camer, 2012). It is also common for people to compete for international jobs and business opportunities (McKay & Wong, 2006). Communication is alway