ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The role of diet in modulating the health is an important factor in the society. With the available diet formulations in hand, a plethora of changes have been under consideration to improve the delicacy and nutrient quality of food. The taste inducing components like salt and sugar have central role to influence the diet habits and hygiene. They may be consumed in a moderate degree to a high amount. But it is unknown whether the beneficial or the harmful effects of high consumption could lead to health problems directly or indirectly. It is well known that the intake of any dietary compound above the recommended dose would be harmful. But this may need a scientific evidence for reliable, trustworthy information. Therefore, the present description is concerned with highlighting about the importance of low or reduced salt consumption among population keeping in view of its adverse health affects. Salt is known to be available as sodium chloride or table salt has tremendous influence in terms of its ecoeconomic and physiological influence in the society (Lozada et al., 2007). This is because of its appetite inducing properties (Lozada et al., 2007).However, salt has been a priority component for health of individuals as its high intake was likely to contribute to problems like the development of hypertension (Lozada et al., 2007). It was also known to be the leading causative factor for the morbidity in both developed and developing countries. As such, there is a further need to explore the literature keeping in view of fortification of food by mandatory and voluntary strategies, promotion of supplements and general education. Policy Background Firstly, there is a need to focus on food fortification because there is a connection between excessive iodination of salt (40 to 100 mg/kg) and increased prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, according to a Brazilian study (Medeiros-Neto, 2009). Similarly, there has been much emphasis on this issue as earlier policy makers attempted to signify the importance of food fortification due to the risk of iodine induced hyperthyroidism (IIH) (www.daa.asn.au). They believe that mandatory fortification of food could regulate the iodine content if allowed to increase gradually in different stages. The ultimate objective is to guarantee a safer increase in iodine levels of food in a more reliable manner. Dietary paradigms are in progress to study the influence of mandatory programs and voluntary iodine fortification strategies. A study has been conducted to better understand the iodine content in foods after the introduction of mandatory iodine fortification program (Rasmussen et al., 2007). Here, rye breads, wheat breads and salt samples were considered for the study to determine the increase in iodine intake due to the fortif
Introduction Development based on the pursuit of progress to achieve high and clear goals is a meaningful process in any sphere of life. When applied to a society where people communicate and interact with one another constantly, planning changes to improve living standards and expand personal capabilities can lead to effective outcomes. In turn, the absence of any steps towards development is a regression and is fraught with stagnation in views and actions. Based on the analysis of the post presented by the Editorial Board, the formation and current achievements of the city of Chicago as one of the American megalopolises and important cultural centers will be considered. Experts analyze the position of Daniel Burnham, the famous architect, regarding the development of the city and its historic formation. According to the town planner, no one should make little plans, and it is essential to strive for high goals all the time to amaze descendants (Editorial Board). Such an opinion may seem presumptuous and too bold; nevertheless, Chicago needs an effective transformative plan since many problems exist at the moment, and an intervention to improve the city’s well-being is relevant. Reasons for Introducing a Transformative Plan Over the past years of the development of Chicago, the local authorities have managed to do enough to make the city an important cultural, economic, and political state object. However, according to Editorial Board, “Chicago suffers plenty of problems that demand more than incremental solutions,” and additional attention should be paid to moving forward rather than preserving achievements. Despite significant prospects and opportunities, not enough valuable decisions regarding infrastructure improvement are made, which slows down the natural process of civilization and restrains innovations. As Lazzeretti and Oliva note, cities are not only the centers of economic life but also the places of attracting people with different cultural backgrounds, and space for innovations is one of the driving forces (1856). In addition to the natural changes that occur, for instance, the provision of social services and control over the execution of federal orders, additional interventions aimed at improving the appearance of the city may be relevant. Therefore, based on Burnham’s ideas, it is crucial to provide an effective plan for the reorganization of thinking in terms of engaging resources and establishing a progressive and convenient city with high and clean goals. Evidence of the Need f
Introduction The performance of any currency depends on various factors in the economy. Some factors favor the value of the currency while others cause a devaluation of the currency. The monetary report released in July 2014 in Canada by the bank of Canada showed that the currency devalued due to the pressure from the Canadian and global economy. For instance, inflation is a major factor that has influenced the value of currency in Canada. The inflation devaluates the currency hence posing a challenge to the banking sector. Secondly, global expansion has also influenced the performance of the currency. This essay discusses how the Canadian economy and the global economy have influenced the performance of currency in Canada. Canadian economy The monetary policy report has revealed that high inflation in Canada has influenced the value of currency in Canada. In the past few months, inflation has grown by 2%. Initially, it was speculated that higher exchange rates could cause inflation for a short time but the situation worsened. The main cause of inflation in Canada is the high cost of energy, which increases the cost of production hence increasing the price of the products. Due to this, the bank recommends that it will take long for Canada to regain its full capacity. The level of inflation is expected to increase by 2% in the next two years. Low value of exports is another cause of inflation in Canada. The Gross Domestic Product has been estimated to be averagely 2.25% by 2016. The strengthening of the global economy will still devaluate the Canadian dollar. Some of the activities that will reduce the level of inflation include increased competition in the retail department and a steady increase in the capacity of the economy. The report shows that core inflation increased by 1.6% from March 2013 to May 2014 while the monthly inflation has tremendously increased causing increase in price of goods and services. For instance, increased supply in North America has resulted in high prices of meat. The bank did not include some of the components like fruits, gasoline, natural gas, and vegetables in the calculation of core inflation. This is the reason why CPI inflation is higher than core inflation. One factor that has caused an increase in price of the consumer goods in Canada is high cost of import goods in the country. The low value of the exports has caused unfavorable balance of payment in Canada. Equally, the situation caused devaluation of Canada currency. Most of the firms have been affected by the high cost of imports since the situation raised the prices of the input resulti
The ability to motivate consumers throughout their buying experience demands up to date user-generated content which may be enhanced through recommendations obtained from online opinion experts and regular feedbacks from customers. As such, it is prudent for company managers to play active roles in designing beauty products, advertising and brand promotion in addition to retailing the needs of orient customers. These aspects will motivate customers who purchase beauty products in terms of confident shopping based on the parameters of value and quality. Therefore, the philosophy of retailing beauty products on online markets need to be changed from self-reference criterion to lifestyle and value perceptions driven by social-cultural and peer forces (Park et al., 2007, p.99). Owing to the increasing number of beauty products, managers can opt to either assist customers in making decisions by putting in place price-value relationship that will result into affirming customers’ intentions (Adam, 2003, p.78). Therefore, it is important for businesses to demonstrate price-value relationship via online stimulators. The beauty product sellers can equally attract clients by using channels like e-bays, catalogues and socio-media tools. According to Terblanche and Boshoff (2005, p.77), online marketing of beauty products further provides customers with faster product search, price, promotion, comparative data, and availability of services to the customers in addition to building their motivation. Therefore, it is important for beauty products marketers to take advantage of existing positive linkage between beauty search behaviour and the design features of a website. They can achieve this by tracking down the expectations of customers. Most importantly, managers of beauty products should put into consideration the fact that the shopping behaviour of customers is influenced by aspects such as shopping motivations, referral and credit incentives. Most online opinion experts recommendations will also enhance brand recognition of various beauty products (Peterson & Merino, 2003, p.34) bearing in mind that it assists in connecting shopping interests with a number of customer groups. This is important in building strength and influencing customers’ intentions positively towards beauty products, celebrities and beauty product stores. Anderson and Fornell (2000,
This article written by two respected scholars of management investigates the field of human resource management international digest. The main idea represented in this work is based on the new model’s proposition in the workplace that suits the majority of generation Y representatives. The existing system of the hierarchical structure by which organizations are currently managed should be further transformed to holacracy. This term is considered in the article as a self-managing company system that allows the distribution of responsibilities among the equally managed groups of individuals. Therefore, the authority and decision-making process is derived by self-managing teams in the organizational structure. Compared to the traditional hierarchically based system, holacracy depends on the isolated groups of employees who have different roles and functions, including the members’ leadership responsibilities. The authors argue that people in this system have an equally spread sense of risk-taking, independence, creative thinking, and involvement in the business process. For instance, the case of Zappos company examined in the research paper shows that halocracy, combined with the rewarding system, encouraged employees to contribute cultural values and treat their new group-based system as a self-handled small enterprise. Referring to the Zappos company’s analysis, there are three key issues outlined by the authors. First, there is always a conflict between old and new generations, which is becoming more prominent with the implementation of innovations. Therefore, the interests of both sides should be considered. Sec
Introduction Women have every right to be in whatever profession they like to choose. In the modern world we have seen women playing rough contact games such as rugby and football which were previously considered to be the sole property of men. Likewise warfare is another field where women have proven themselves at their best. Several issues have been raised regarding the role of women in the combat zone which shall be mentioned below. Discussion In my opinion women have every right to be in the combat zone. An online article titled “Women in Combat-Why Not?” by Captain Barbara Wilson (2005) gives us convincing reasons for women to be in combat zones. According to the article there is in reality no logical, sensible and legal reason which could prevent the women from being in combat zone. Women are often rejected for this job on the basis that they are physically weak and that their strength cannot be compared to the strength of the male counterparts. This notion however is now a part of history. Several studies have been carried out in the military over the issue. The reports stated that “when a woman is correctly trained, she can be as tough as any man”. A senior analyst in the US Army stated “You don’t need testosterone to get strong”. The notion has also been proven by the results of the training carried out at the US military institutes. Majority of the women who participated in the course were civilians who had no previous experience of strenuous exercise. After the course more than 75% trainees were declared competent to perform duties in the military that were traditionally performed by males. After viewing the results The Sunday Times reported “by using new methods of physical training, women can be built up to the same levels of physical fitness as men of the same size and build…contrary to the view of many traditionalists, the operational performance of groups improve greatly if both s
Immigration is the act of human beings or animals moving and settling in a nation or region to which they are not native. Normally, immigration is facilitated by factors such as temperature changes, breeding, economic and political pressures, family re-unification, natural calamities, poverty or voluntary wish to change one’s abode. The rise of the number of immigrants poses a great problem to policy makers in any given country. The US has for example had the number of illegal immigrants increase from 5 to 12 million over a period of 10 years. The effects of illegal immigration have led to a rising public concern, with regard to salaries, public finances and potential security threats. This paper focuses on the analysis of the public opinion concerning immigration in the US and its various effects. In spite of the disparity of opinions in the congress, there is a strong agreement that if the US could simply minimize the rate of illegal immigration in the country, either by converting them into lawful residents or dissuading them at the border, the country’s economic standards would be improved. According to politicians, an increase in the number of illegal immigrants is highly likely to destabilize the law of the land, as well as disrupt the government’s planning and implementation of the labor market laws. Critics argue that the massive inflow of labor from other countries is a threat to the low learned Americans. However, average research has shown that immigrants are less schooled than native-born Americans. Another alarming issue is that an increase in the number of illegal immigrants from Mexico and other countries exposes the US to terror attacks. Illegal immigration provides the US industries and merchants with the types of laborers they want during peak labor demand seasons. The immigrants from the neighboring states provide cheap labor for the industries. For instance, the economic downturn in Mexico over recent years has facilitated the influx of immigrants into the US. This has provided the US with a majority of unskilled labor force to work in the industries. Moreover, rapid advances in new technology have increased demand for highly skilled labor. With the increased implementation of Information Technology in many institutions, there is a high demand for IT professionals and expert technicians. Despite the fact that the USA has a large number of graduates from the various fields, many people from different parts of the country continue to move into the US to meet of increased demand for IT experts. The issuance of green cards and momentary visas for persons willing to work in the US has made it possible for such experts to move into the country. However, due to the long queues and legal procedures in the immigration department, many people are forced to enter the country illegally. In general, immigration helps in increasing America’s revenue. This mainly occurs as the immigrants continue to use the country’s local resources such as schools, hospitals, financia
During my work on Project One, Boldt Castle was the main artifact for evaluation. Although it was initiated as a present for a beloved person, this building and other related constructions on the island became the symbol of love and devotion (Boldt did not finish it after his wife’s death). The large human need to express is in sharing emotions and feelings that can be stored forever and inspire other people for great gestures. According to Barnicoat (2015), people may not call themselves artists but create something that turns out to be a beautiful artifact with time. In this course, I learned how people with special needs could not express themselves the way they wanted but relied on their intuition to achieve the desired goals, and Lord Byron can be a good example. Bold was one of such architects who did not want to leave something as magnificent as his castle on Heart Island. He did not try to convince someone or find followers. His need for expression was connected to his family, and the achievement of modern people and their belief in Bold’s passion helped restore the construction. The creation of an artifact is a complex process that is usually associated with its dependence on culture and its further impact on cultural beliefs. Boldt Castle was built at the beginning of the 1900s when New York needed new houses for immigrants. The progress of international relationships and industrialization determined human needs and their creative expression. Boldt did not define himself as an artist, and he was guided by his interests and resources. Boldt Castle was never meant to be an artifact as per its creator, but it is now a memorable tourist attraction due to the impact of the American culture. People should have something to believe in, and if they find an interesting story with a serious message, they make it an artifact for future generations. In this course, a similar culture-artifact connection is observed in Tan’s The Joy Luck Club when the author raised a burning topic of a generation gap that became a symbol of ethnic inequality. The initial intentions of people depend on many cultural beliefs, but they are not as large as their outcomes, proving how the culture affects creative expression. Despite the desire of modern communities to recover some humanistic artifacts, it is not always easy to explain their worth and impact. Some people cannot accept and understand the inequality under which society developed for a long period. In some cases, controversies prevent the creation of a solid explanation and definition. While studying Boldt Castle as one of the current New York artifacts, I learned that creative expression promoted at the beginning of the 20th century affects many of today’s issues. Boldt believed in family relationships and found it normal to present an entire building to his wife as a regular present. Even his decision not to continue this construction after his wife’s death is a solid contribution to how creative expression might look. In this course, I read about the contributions of Pro
Introduction Residential facilities are usually designed to enhance the quality of life for the residents while ensuring their safety, privacy, and comfort needs are met. This however is faced with issues of legal requirements, the social-cultural setting, needs of the users, and socio-economic status among other factors which influence and dictate the manner in which residential houses must be designed. Privacy is another major concern that has led to its consideration in designing residential environments in a way that individual residents are able to live their own lives without interfering with one another’s personal space, comfort and communication. Technological advancements and environmental design concepts provide a variety of features that take into consideration the individual needs of the residents and hence improve their privacy. It must be remembered that while fulfilling the need for privacy, other needs such as psychological, physical, and age-related issues must be considered. This paper will focus on evaluating the evolution of the Theory of Privacy Regulation and its application to modern-day design. More specifically, it will focus on the cultural environment of a West Texas family and will give recommendations to cater to the psychological, professional, and physical needs of these family members. The Theory of Residential Privacy Understanding the Theory The issue of privacy is of concern in residential design due to its subjective yet critical nature in that what constitutes privacy varies with cultural background, age and socio-economic status (Courtney, 2006). While privacy is often interchangeably used with confidentiality, Lumpkin (2000) differentiates between the two and defines “privacy as an individual’s desire to control access while confidentiality is the obligation to protect the privacy of another” (p. 21). Privacy is a concept that is multi-dimensional with its application and definitions varying (Lemonidou, Valimaki & Dassen, 2002). According to Westin (1970), the description of privacy pertains to the mechanisms put in place for its achievement in the context of different group sizes and needs of people. He refers to the functions of privacy as “the purpose that privacy serves for each individual” (p. 21). Leino-Kilpi, Dassen and Scott (2001) categorize privacy as pertaining to practices, dimensions and perspectives. According to them, practices are mechanisms for the achievement of privacy which are group-level based with definition on culture while dimensions are the categorizations of the concerns of privacy which are normally descriptive. Additionally, they define perspectives as mechanisms used to achieve privacy at an individual level in the context of varying group sizes. Privacy serves different functions and purposes but Westin (1970) suggests the main functions are emotional release; protected and limited communication, personal autonomy and self-evaluation. Courtney (2006