ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Notably, patient education is a vital requirement in the achievement of improved outcomes of healthcare. As a result, patient educators need to spend most of their time interacting with patients. Administration of proper education to a patient contributes significantly to a better healthcare status as patients understand how to manage their condition throughout recovery. This paper investigates how patient education influences the healthcare system by exploring the experiences of an elderly client. For factual information about healthcare experiences concerning patient education, I interviewed Mr. Jake, my American friend aged 72 years. Importance of Patient Education and Patient’s Health Condition Background Undeniably, healthcare teaching professionals, such as nurses and doctors, improve patients’ and society’s health outcomes through patient education. Therefore, patient education is an essential tool enabling one to manage their health conditions to enhance welfare (Anderson et al., 2017). Mr. Jake is a mainstream white American appearing to be overweight and has other significant physical impairments, including walking and general body flexibility. Recent medical results confirmed that Mr. Jake is obese and suffers from hypertension. In addition, medical tests proved that he has high blood sugar and lipid levels. Patient Education Influences Health Condition Management At Home The first interview question that required a comprehensive response from Mr. Jake concerned whether the healthcare teaching professional provided him with instructions on how to exercise care for his health condition while at home. In answer to this question, Mr. Jake confirmed that the teaching physician gave him instructions regarding the importance of strictly following his medical schedules and the prescribed treatment, including taking medicine in its proper dosage (Fereidouni et al., 2019). Because the patient education representative applied communication skills effectively, both in writing and verbally, Jake commented that it was easy to remember and follow the instructions. Patient’s Culture and Religion Consideration in Patient Education The second interview question was intended to determine whether the patient’s education was sensitive to Mr. Jake’s religion and culture. Jake’s response to this question confirmed his dissatisfaction with healthcare teaching professionals concerning their disregard for the Muslim faith, especially w
Summary The dissertation Comparing the Effectiveness of Flipped-Classroom and Traditional Classroom Student Engagement and Teaching Methodologies by Holik was chosen for the review. The paper selected for the analysis focuses on assessing and comparing the effectiveness of flipped classroom learning and traditional approach to engaging students in the educational process. In this case, the critical problem depicted in the study is the lack of relevant research concerning the effectiveness of the flipped classroom teaching strategy in post-secondary education. In this case, the author focuses on the applicability of this learning method in technical programs such as Culinary Arts. Comparing the academic outcomes of traditional and flipped learning assists in understanding what program is the most appropriate in the selected context. As for the theoretical frameworks to support the flow of the research, the author highly relies on Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, and it is used as a basis to understand the principles of flipped education. Based on these aspects, the author’s hypothesis is the fact that there is a substantial difference between the academic outcomes when implementing traditional and flipped teaching approaches in the post-secondary program in Culinary Arts, as these teaching methods use opposite approaches. As for the initial assumptions, the researcher states that the levels of student’s involvement, his/her engagement with a teacher and peers, attentiveness, and preparedness are dependent on the selected teaching method while flipped learning positively shifts these values. At the same time, the researcher clearly states that the participants can withdraw from the study without being penalized, as their participation is voluntary. As for the methodology, the author used action-based learning technique while combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to find the answers to the research questions. The internal information was gathered with the help of engagement and reflective journal entries. Thus, the researcher also applied quantitative methods such as surveys and course date data. 347 students from the post-secondary and secondary programs of Culinary Arts, Hospitality Management, and Technical Education participated in the research study. With the help of these approaches, it was revealed that the overall scores were similar for both methods, but the students, who experienced flipped learning, had higher rates of attentiveness, engagement, and preparedness. Simultaneously, the findings implied that flipped learning increased the effectiveness of teaching, engaged students, and enhanced their satisfaction. Lastly, it was depicted that the flipped learning improved the grades by 4% when comparing with traditional practices and underlined a positive influence of technology on the educational process. Overall, the research modifies the perception of instructional technology and states that it has to be used along with the appropriate teaching instructions. Using interactive or a lab component will make the flipped learning classroom interesting for the students and increase
Introduction Homelessness is the state of not having a suitable shelter to reside. Homeless people can live in the streets or live in makeshift dwellings. People staying in refugee camps often move from one temporary camp to another, and they form part of the homeless people in the country. Cases have occurred where some homeless people stay in their cars or caravan parks at night. It is worth noting that low-income earners cannot afford high house rents. Thus, they are more likely to become homeless than high-income earners. Interestingly, the homelessness problem was evident in Phoenix when campsites were built in 1982. Some people opted to abandon their residential places to come and live in the camps instead of living inadequately. People have different views regarding the help rendered to the homeless people, and indeed, there are those who feel that Arizona State should pay no attention to the homeless people. Problem Homelessness is a problem that affects people of all ages in Phoenix. Males, females, and children can become victims of homelessness; however, the greatest sufferers are women and children. Cases have happened where women and small girls are raped in the streets, and sadly, they have no place to seek refuge. Unwanted pregnancies are common in the streets, where young girls have to become mothers at a tender age. Children are prone to developing health conditions while sleeping in the cold. They will cry all night because of starvation and sickness, and their mothers have to keep awake for the entire night trying to soothe them. Some children die in the cold, and the mothers dispose of them in the garbage pits because they have no other choice. In Phoenix, incidences of children living with family friends or relatives are common. These children live in conditions similar to those living in the streets because the relatives mistreat them. Some relatives deny the children a chance to school even though public education is free. Essentially, education is luxurious for homeless children who have to do menial jobs to earn a living. A critical analysis of the homeless situation in Phoenix indicates that there are inadequate affordable houses for low-income earners. They have to live in the streets and do anything to survive. Crime rates in the streets are high, where; children are recruited to become criminals at tender ages. Moreover, drug use and substance abuse are very common among homeless people. With life stresses, physical, and mental torture, most homeless people opt to seek refuge in drugs. They consume illicit substances to feel high and forget about life stresses in the streets. Some police of
Thinking Outside the Box: Arabs and Race in the United States Summary In this article, Cainkar discusses the unique attributes of the racialization of Arab Americans in the US. Initially, Arabs in the US enjoyed the privilege of being seen as whites, albeit marginally, but according to the author, this aspect has changed with their social status becoming that of a marginalized group sharing many experiences as people of color in the country. The author argues that the downgrading of the social status of Arabs in the US could be measured through the various “public policies, in mainstream representations, in social patterns of discrimination, separation, and exclusion, and self-identification (Cainkar 46). Generally, racialization in the US is based on the concept that whites are superior to other races. However, Arab racialization is different because it is historically tied to the rise of the US as a global power. Analysis The main point in this article is that Arabs in the US have undergone a unique form of racialization as opposed to other ethnic groups. Initially, Arabs were classified as whites and thus they enjoyed various privileges, such as land ownership and voting rights, which were inaccessible to other minority groups. However, with the rise of the US to become a global power, Arabs started being racialized, not because of who they are as people, but due to their homeland of origin. Some of the theoretical issues that come up in this article include the issue of racism and how identities are formed. Race plays a major role in determining how people are judged and understood. In most cases, individuals are judged based on various attributes associated with race instead of being seen for whom they are, which is a deeply rooted misconstruction of human beings. The major questions that arise from this article include whether racialization could be based on anything else apart from skin color. Another question is – can the racialization process be measured to assess how deep it runs in society concerning a certain race? I agree with all the arguments that the author makes in this article. For instance, it is clear that initially, Arabs were classified as whites, and thus they were in a position to enjoy some privileges associated with whiteness. However, with the rise of the US as a global power, which created its lasting conflicts with many Arab nations, Arabs in the country started being profiled for where they come. This aspect presents what the author calls a unique experience of the racialization of Arabs in the US. This piece challenges other readings especially on the claim that Arabs are responsible for their own stereotyping. The author is categorical that such arguments are based on the l
Introduction The social contract theory states that there exists a common agreement among individuals in a given society. This agreement ensures that there is no anarchy within the society and every member in the society benefits from the mutual peace and order. In addition, the accruing of social good developed by each individual exists for the benefit of the whole community. However, the social contract theory is not a perfect theory because it fails to meet the reality of the contemporary world. The theory fails to accommodate other people who do not fit its description of the ideal individual. This essay looks at the social contract theory as constructed by Thomas Hobbes. It offers an analysis of the shortcoming of the theory in an effort to explain why it is inappropriate for the contemporary world. The essay begins with a brief background description of the theory and then delves into the main controversy surrounding the theory. The social contract theory construction by other authors also form part of the description used in this essay. Background Socrates first developed the social theory in his account of refusing to get out of prison. Socrates considered that it was appropriate for him to remain in prison as a way of being obedient to the state. According to Socrates, obedience to the state was a sign of obedience to the existing social organization that allows everyone to coexist peacefully. Socrates argued his refusal for imprisonment would amount to justifying the disorganization of the society, whose organization was responsible for the individual achievements that everybody enjoyed. After Socrates’ recount, the social contract idea developed further to a different recognizable modern form through the contributions of seve
Background Mountain top removal mining is one of the types of surface mining. It is generally done at the summit of a mountain or sometimes at the summit ridge. Mountain top removal mining aims to extract the coal seams covered by the land at the top of the mountain. To gain access to the coal, the miners must remove the mountain top, hence the process’s name. There is a consensus that this mining method is safer than the traditional way the coal is accessed from underground. Mountain top removal mining is mainly used in the United States in the Appalachian Mountains. The mountain top is removed by blowing it up using explosives. These explosives can blow away up to 120 meters of earth. The rock and soil removed from the top of the mountain are then dumped in the surrounding valleys. While the practice has generated many controversies, it is also much more viable than traditional underground mining (Hendryx 765). A lot of the concerns raised about the process revolve around the environmental and health impact it has. Environmentalists have pointed to the degradation of the mountain landscape and the gaping mountain tops as issues of concern (Hendryx 767). However, going by the high costs of underground mining and the risk to miners when they have to access the coal underground, most mining companies feel justified in using the method in mining coal. The Need for Mountain Top Removal Mining for Coal The world economy is still very heavily reliant on fossil fuels to meet the energy demand. The rapid rate of industrialization also continues to increase the energy demand. These factors have conspired to push the prices of oil higher. Because of the demand for energy and the high oil costs, there has been a growing demand for coal. It is this ever-increasing demand for coal that has necessitated mountain top removal mining for coal (Woods 809). Since 2006, the price of coal mining in the Appalachian Mountains has more than tripled as the country’s appetite for coal energy continues to rise (Woods 810). The same can be said about the United States’ coal exports which have also more than tripled. Because of all this demand for coal, it became apparent that there was a need for a faster and more economically viable way to mine coal. If coal could be mined faster, the demand for coal could also be met more quickly. Ensuring that the mining process is as cost-friendly as possible meant that the mining companies could maximize profits due to increasing the prices of coal and reducing mining costs. Mountain top removal is the most economically viable method to mine coal and guarantees high yields (Woods 810). Mountain top removal mining is also
Introduction Traditionally epidemiologists use descriptive, analytic, and experimental research methods to investigate public health issues. Once the descriptive epidemiology of a disease is known, specific analytic or experimental methods are utilized to study the issue further. As research continues and new questions are asked, it is not uncommon for new methods to be introduced. Often, these cutting-edge methods let researchers investigate public health issues in new ways. For example, consider meta-analysis, a relatively new method in biostatistics. To apply this method, no new data are collected. Instead, results from previous studies are combined and analyzed in new, complex ways. In recent years, meta-analysis has gained popularity among epidemiologists. Nevertheless, this approach has limitations and is not appropriate for all epidemiological research (Williams, 2005). Another method used in epidemiology research is gene-environ
Overview On September 9, 2001, the United States experienced a horrendous terror attack within its territory, which forced the government to rethink its security strategy to preclude and fight terrorism in its protection policy. A radical Islamist terror group infamously known as Al Qaeda hijacked four planes destined for the United States and crushed two of them into the World Trade Center towers. One rammed into the Pentagon while the second one crashed on a field in Pennsylvania after missing its intended target, viz. Washington, D.C. The occurrence of the attacks on the same day resulted in many frustrations for security agencies as they tried to mitigate the effects of the attacks, assist the victims get the appropriate aid while simultaneously preventing the occurrence of any further attacks by being on high alert ( Federal Bureau of Investigations, 2014). The extent of property loss, damage, and loss of lives were devastating enough to cause the American government to restructure its policies for effective operations and incorporation of terrorism as an essential national security concern. Part of the new changes included the formation of the Department of Homeland Security in 2002, which was tasked with the duty of ensuring security within the national borders in addition to mitigation of effects of attacks from enemies of the state within and outside the country (Abbott, 2005). The Homeland Security Grant Program (HSGP) One of the mechanisms that the Department of Homeland Security utilizes in ensuring the achievement of its core duties is the Homeland Security Grant Program (HSGP) established in 2003, which essentially enables the effective implementation of the National Preparedness System (NPS). The program facilitates the building of strategic security systems at state and national levels, sustenance of such systems, and delivery of the benefits of the systems to the American population as per the mandate of the various institutions that participate in the program. The program covers five areas namely, “prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery based on allowable costs” ( Federal Emergency Management Agency , 2014, par.5). The agency also explains that the program has three grant sub-programs within the main program, which serve different purposes, albeit interconnected to one another. The division of the program into three sub-programs facilitates effective management while fostering accountability in addition to covering more areas using limited resources. The three sub-grants comprise “the State Homeland Security Program (SHSP), the Operation Stonegarden (OPSG), and the Urban Areas Security Initiative (UASI)” (Abbott, 2005, p.63). The State Homeland Security Program (SHSP) This grant focuses on the issue of security at the state and local levels. This perspective allows state agencies to deal with security concerns that are u
Introduction Iraq, which is officially referred to as the Republic of Iraq is a semi-desert country located in the Western part of the Asian Continent and shares its borders with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait to the South, Turkey to the North, Syria to the North-west, Iran to the East and Jordan to the West. Apart from the political instability caused by the wars that have characterized Iraq of late, it does have a very rich history which dates back to the ancient times of Mesopotamia, the place which serves as the cradle of civilization (where civilization first began- it is believed to be the original birthplace of writing, philosophies, laws, science, and mathematics). [Mesopotamia is between the river Tigris and the Euphrates]. The two rivers also double up to help neutralize the desert condition of Iraq to make it a little bit habitable (W. Eilers (1983). The year 2003 saw a lot of changes taking place in Iraq, thanks to the inversion of Iraq by the British, American, and other multinational forces. The inversion had far-reaching consequences especially in the political arena, some of which include: – Establishment of a more democratic parliament, rise in Civil Violence, Worldwide official Recognition of Iraq’s minority groups (Kurdish and Shiite Arabs), Ousting and Eventual Execution of the former Iraqi’s president dictator Saddam Hussein and finally the inversion resulted to the citizens’ active political participation and a significant economic growth (Tripp, Charles, 2000). It is now six years since this happened; this essay will try to highlight some of the areas that have gone under a significant metamorphosis; in the structure of governance as well as the economic scene of Iraq. It will also touch on the perception of the world on the Post War situation of Iraq. History After its foundation, Iraq was put under the succession of one emperor after another, starting with Cyrus the Great up to Alexander the Great who ruled until the Seventh Century when the Islamists conquered Iraq and put it under Islamic Caliphate. By the 8 th Century, under the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate, the city of Baghdad was so well established that it was the leading metropolis of the Arabs and the entire Muslim World. It held this position for five good centuries. In the 13 th Century, Baghdad had a population of over a mil