ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Personal values and beliefs, world views, and attitudes of both a counselor and a client have a great impact on the therapeutic relationship and effective treatment. Abortion and divorce are still the main problems that affected a modern family. Abortion I suppose that abortion is moral and every woman has a right to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Abortion is a last resort in case the pregnant woman can not raise the child or give it up for adoption, or if the pregnancy risks pose a danger for the life and health of the woman. Thus, as a counselor, I value religious values and beliefs which state that every person, from conception to natural death, has a certain value given by God. The main problem with some clients is that religious believer are against abortion seeing it as an immoral act. For instance, the case with Jodie and Mary, conjoined twins, illustrate that abortion would be the most desirable for mothers so for these babies (Hull et al 23). It is possible to disagree with the clients’ values but accept him/her as a person, because childbirth is a very important event in the life of any woman and a serious physical and moral responsibility. It is possible to disagree with clients, if pregnancy threatens the life and destiny of a woman, if it occurs due to rape or incest. Women should have abortion as a preventive measure not to born cripples (physical or mental). In this case, the role and duty of a counselor is to diminish life threats and health-related risks. Every specific case should be discussed separately in accordance with the circumstances and patients’ health conditions. Divorce Marriage shapes the basis of society facilitating behavior and conducts towards others. As a counselor, I suppose that marriages without mutual feelings cannot exist. If mutual feelings do not exist, friendly and warm relations disappeared and result in separation and alienation of both spouses. These values and beliefs help me to deal with psychological and emotional problems faced by clients and their families. These values help me to understand the motives and behavior of family members and a client. For instance, divorce was the best way for my aunt to face family violence and oppression. The specific kinds of clients involve religious believers and clients belonging to Asian cultures (Islamic countries, India, China, Japan, etc.). In these cultures, marriage is a sacred thing and many women have no right to divorce and leave their husbands and children. It is possible to disagree with the client if spouses cannot find pleasure in sexual relations seeing them as a matrimonial duty only. In both cases, if I were not effective with a client because of a difference in values, I would accept his position and values to support the treatment process. It is possible to accept the values and beliefs of a client if they do not influence the treatment and therapeutic relationships, but help a counselor to establish an atmosphere of trust and mutual understanding. Works Cited Hull, N.E.H., Hoffer, W. and Hoffer, P.Ch. (Eds.) T he Abortion Righ
Social Issue/Event   * Introduction of the smartphone to mass public   * Driven by iPhone created by Apple and Steve Jobs in 2007   * Revolutionized the world of communications and information exchange   * Smartphone went from being a tool to the center of every person’s life (Eadicicco, 2019)   * Primary social issue: extreme dependence on smartphones for daily function Impact on Society   * Benefits of enhanced communication, exposure to information   * Tool to help various aspects of life, brings joy and entertainment   * Contributed to a pattern of behavior centered around smartphones   * Significant portion of society feels helpless or anxious without a device   * Virtually all aspects of life are commanded by, come through, or associated with a smartphone device (Bhattacharjee, 2019) Society Impacts   * Technology is market-driven first and foremost   * Consumers influence what they want from and on smartphones   * Certain groups promote healthy moderated use of technology   * Certain locations have restrictions in place   * Smartphone is a tool created to fill a need – widespread adoption (Peeples, 2018) Individual Framework of Perception   * Analyzing the issue has highlighted my own reliance on smartphones   * Smartphone provides much information but limits perspective   * Found myself missing out on experiences   * Brain function has changed due to smartphone influence   * Smartphone should be a tool but not a solution Field of Study or Profession   * Technology is a significant part of accounting   * Accounting – language of business – has become highly digitized   * Technology advancements enhance ability to interpret data   * Ability to analyze large data and statistical values   * Increases accuracy and ability to interpret and predict future business trends (Pepe, 2011) Society: Interaction   * Technology such as the smartphone – primary methods of modern interaction   * Shifted the patterns and behaviors of human communication (Wardynski, 2019)   * Technology can increase accessibility to communication   * Can also limit its viability, particularly in-person interactions   * Social patterns are forming around technology in the 21st century (Peeples, 2018) Society: Strategies   * Critical analysis drives comprehension   * Allows to perceive certain patterns, behaviors, trends   * Through this, decision-making can improve   * Technology used correctly can enhance the ability to attain personal and profes
The present article is primarily preoccupied with the examination of the COVID-19 phenomenon and its efficient treatment in the context of current medical opportunities and future interventions. Since the virus’s emergence in China at the end of 2019, it has been associated with pneumonia as a major side effect of the infection, catalyzing a high number of deaths from pneumonia complications. The authors of the present research address the topic of diagnosing pneumonia at the early stages of the disease to prevent people from severe complications. The authors consider chest computer tomography (CT) as the most efficient means of detecting pneumonia among coronavirus patients. Thus, the broad topic area of the present research concerns the notion of pneumonia in the context of COVID-19 treatment. Moreover, the article also addressed the regularity of patients’ admission to the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) as a result of neglected CT diagnostics. In terms of the present study, the primary objective was to define the extent to which chest CT intervention at an early admission stage could be a decisive factor in terms of preventing admission to the ICU. Although the study itself tackles many individual characteristics of a patient, including gender, health state, and exposure to the areas with high risks of coronavirus infection, the primary emphasis was placed on the patients’ exposure to timely chest CT screening. Thus, the alternative hypothesis outlined by the researchers may be defined as follows: H 1 : The quantitative parameters originated from chest CT, along with the clinical paraments on hospital admission, may potentially affect the prediction of risk of ICU admission among the COVID-19 pneumonia patients. The data collected for the study variables were mostly quantitative, as the researchers had to define a tangible justification of the hypothesis. The study comprises an extensive number of independent variables that tackle both CT factors and individual factors related to one’s hospital admission. The first segment of independent variables includes:   * Age;   * Gender;   * Exposure to Wuhan for two weeks prior
Why does learning by doing work or not work? Situated cognition or learning is the one that happens through practice. Basically, the learners are put into “real-life” situations where they are required to apply certain skills (Learning Theories Study Book 75). This is clearly demonstrated in the video called “Sam Learns about Situated Cognition” where Sam realizes that in order to learn how to play soccer one must engage in direct practice, go to the field and play with actual players (Achristoper). Situated cognition works successfully because it involves all senses and all kinds of memory – visual, auditory, muscular. Direct interaction with the subject of learning makes the students understand it better than if they were only provided theoretical information about the subject. An example, ideally from my own experience, of learning by doing. As a teacher of the Arabic language, I get to employ situated cognition during the writing activities. The students can look at words and letters, hear them, memorize them, but that would not help them to succeed at writing in Arabic as the practice of writing with a pencil and a piece of paper. Situated learning of writing includes repetitive writing of single letters, letter combinations, and separate words. To provide the best-situated cognition of writing the students should be asked to write messages to one another asking questions and describing events, and then get to answer questions other learners addressed to them. What should the role of the teacher (professor, instructor) be? During situated cognition, the role of the teacher is to create authentic experiences and situations close to those of real-life in order to facilitate learning through doing. If possible, the teacher is to bring the learners to the places right for the situated cognition as it was done by Sam in the video (Achristoper). The environments should correspond with the lessons. This way, in order to teach a child how to cook one, will need an actual kitchen. What should the role of the learner be? The role of the learner is to be open to practice and participate in the activities offered by the teacher. When writing is taught, the learner is to pick up a pen and start copying symbols from the book, compile words, phrases, and sentences. Refusing to do, the student refuses to learn. How sessions should be structured in a blended learning course at this University? The sessions of this University should be built in a
Introduction Protecting critical information assets needs an effective security policy and controls to limit unauthorized access. At the same time, proactive steps, including advocacy, can help prevent the enactment of unfavorable legislation that threaten privacy. At the organizational level, acceptable system use guidelines can ensure that sensitive data, including employees’ earnings and corporate transactions, are safeguarded. Further, measures to ensure physical and network security and regular audits can help safeguard data. This section of the paper critiques a research article modeling information systems’ use by managers to determine investment decisions. Authors’ Main Ideas The second article examines how managerial incentives to utilize an information system (IS) leads to the central office availing one. Böckem and Schiller (2009) hypothesize that higher effort when using IS increases the likelihood that the manager is well informed at the proposal approval phase and influences the headquarter’s decision to install the system. The research problem addressed is that the installation of an information system is not a guarantee that the manager’s informational status would be better; rather, he or she must use it properly to realize this goal. Using an investment-budgeting scenario, the authors note that, at the start, the manager is ignorant. However, he or she may utilize IS to obtain cost details related to the project’s net present value (NPV). If this effort is successful, the likelihood of using IS increases; otherwise, he or she remains ignorant (Böckem & Schiller, 2009). At the approval phase, the headquarters’ decisions will be based on the manager’s information status, his incentive to be informed, and the expected NPV. The head office will only consent to
The introduction: the fundamentals of Shelley’s novel While comparing and contrasting Victor Frankenstein and his creature, I would like to disclose some fundamentals of a popular novel. First of all, I would like to point out that Mary Shelley’s novel was first published in 1817. This novel is recognized to be one of the earliest productions of science fiction genre. Generally, the novel combines the features of the Gothic novel and Romanticism. It is related to science knowledge and reflects some elements of classical myth. The main characters of the novel are Victor Frankenstein, the Monster, Robert Walton, Elizabeth Lavenza, Henry Clerval, and the DeLacey family. In my opinion, the most common themes the novel represents are horror and terror, social responsibility, parental neglect, obsessive behavior, revenge, injustice, physical deformity, parental love and responsibility. Of course, all the themes are vividly reflected in Mary Shelley’s work, but I suppose that the key theme is still considered to be good vs. evil . Another important point I would like to highlight is the history of the novel. To my mind, the most interesting fact is that the story was not created by chance. On the contrary, it appeared on the basis of competition. Mary Shelley and other writers decided to create the best ghost story. In other words, “the novel was the result of a dream she had after a challenge that she, Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, and a doctor friend of theirs each write a ghost story” (“ Frankenstein by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, 1797 – 1851 – LSC-Kingwood” par. 2). So, I suppose that the novel Frankenstein written by Shelley, won. The thesis statement Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein represents numerous interesting themes. The novel discloses people’s attitudes towards superficial issues as well as really important ones. A science fiction genre reflects public mood and inhumanity of the contemporary world. The body: Victor Frankenstein vs. his creature: some similarities and differences between the main characters While discussing the main characters, one is to keep in mind that the creator of the monster Victor Frankenstein and his creature are the principal figures of the novel. According to Shelley’s work Victor was fond of chemistry and science. He received his education at the University of Ingolstadt. The main aim of the investigations made by Victor was to disclose the secret of life. However, the main character’s researches led to the creature appearance. In my opinion, Victor’s interest in science is closely related to the knowledge of the Renaissance period and Middle Ages. I suppose that the most obvious distinctive feature between the creator and his creature is the state of mind of both characters. While analyzing the characters’ behavior, one is to make a conclusion that Victor’s mind seems to be unstable; while the monster he created is more balanced. To my mind, Victor’s nature is mostly associated with a psychological disease, namely obsessive-compulsive disorder; while his creature becomes cruel because of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Thus, the creature says: “Believe me, Frankenstein: I
Introduction Defense helicopters or aircraft play a vital role in maintaining the security of a state. Three defense service teams (Army, Navy, and Air Force) combined forces to research and develop a versatile project that would be beneficial for them based on the country’s security needs. However, due to the failure to plan the preliminary designing time, the project was not completed. Further, the contractor’s cost was not evaluated, leading to cost overruns. The project acquisition strategy was associated with speed, capability range, and the need to utilize advanced technology. Framing Acquisition Strategy The acquisition strategy of the new project involved the following framing assumptions. The first strategy was in regards to advanced technological requirements as the team wanted to exploit an advanced technology that incorporated modern technological aspects. The second strategy was based on the speed of operations as the aircraft was to attain a minimum speed requirement of 250 knots (the United States General Accounting Office, 1990). The committee wanted to settle on a fast technology to respond to critical operations in the Army, Navy, and Defense forces in general. Furthermore, the new aircraft was to cruise a long distance without being fueled. According to the Memorandum of Understanding reached by the three service units, the new aircraft was supposed to meet the 2100 nautical miles capability range as the minimum self-deployment consideration (the United States General Accounting Office, 1990). Other notable attributes were in terms of the cost-sharing framework. That is, the three service teams were to share the funding in the ratio of 42, 46, and 12 percent for the Navy, Army, and Air Force, respectively (the United States General Accounting Office, 1986). The Army was mandated to steer the group in developing advanced technological requirements. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Acquisition Strategy The project’s strength was related to the cruising speed and agility of the new aircraft. It would be effective to deploy the newly proposed aircraft compared to the available technologies, including the lift fan, compound helicopters, and conventional helicopters. Another strength was associated with knowledge and aspects connected to a similar project that had been analyzed before. The features include the use of the flight test, wind tunnel, and design data that had been previously settled upon during the research and development period of the X-15 motor. Moreover, the team was composed of experienced technical experts from different fields. Therefore, they could utilize their experiences to come up with a versatile project. Further, there was no need to work on the validation phase’s approval since the project was based on the previous documentatio
Introduction There are many communication channels that managers can use when conveying vital business messages. However, the effectiveness of a particular channel is determined by the level of authority, type of information, urgency of information, the number of recipients among other factors. This paper focuses on three scenarios in which the managers are expected to decide on the most effective communication channels. As Robbins and Judge (2011, p.344) suggest “communication should involve the transfer and acceptance of meaning”. In as much as a manager anticipates the desired outcomes, the circumstances of the scenarios must dictate the proper communication channel. Scenario one In the first scenario, the vice president of operations charges our team to develop a new entry strategy into the international market for a new beverage that has shown great success in the domestic market. Under these circumstances, timing is an important determining factor because the strategy must be developed in a week’s time. Daft and Marcic (2010) claim that
Introduction Risk is imminent in any industry that a business organization may be operating. As a result, it is incumbent upon the management to put in place measures that will ensure adequate prevention of any possible risk. Risk management process has been defined as a process through which an organization plans and executes organizational activities with the aim of reducing or even avoiding effects of risks. It is important, however, to note that it is capital and income of organizations that are shielded against risk. It should also be noted that for a typical risk management program to be effective, various vital components must be taken into consideration. Risk identification To begin with, it is important to note that one will be fight a futile war if the enemy is not known. Consequently, it is paramount that any risk management program begins by identifying which risks are most likely to occur and therefore affect the business. It is only after identification of the risk that it can be feasible to investigate causes of the risk. The risk identification step should also include the identification of events or activities of the organization that are most likely to trigger risks. The manner in which management may chose to carry out the risk identification process usually depends on the business environment, culture as well as the regulations in place. Risk Assessment Risk identification enumerates the risks that can occur, but does not say anything about the most prevalent or the most severe risk. However, for proper risk management it is important for the firm to know which risks can easily occur and which ones have the highest effects on the company assets or income. Consequently, risk assessment to categorize the possible risks according to their probability of occurrence and severity of impact is crucial. It is imperative to note that risk assessment also involves determination of the assets that are vulnerable incase a given risk occurs. However, risk assessment has one draw back which is its inability to precisely determine the pace at which various risks can occur. This is due to the unavailability of reliable statistics hence a higher degree of inaccuracy. Nevertheless, this component of risk management program is vital in assisting management to prioritize its actions. Risk Handling Risk handling involves the process by which strategies to tackle each risk are formulated and implemented. In addition, it includes the prioritization of the strategies in order to cater for the most crucial assets. The ultimate goal of any risk management program is to avoid any risk to the organization. However, it is practically impossible that risks
Introduction The Pacific War had deteriorating impacts on civilians. Following the Japanese invasion in China, people were buried alive while fathers were forced to engage in sexual affairs with their daughters. Besides, boys were forced to engage in similar sexual practices with their mothers. Many people were beheaded. The committed acts of cannibalism targeted the prisoners of war. According to Iriye, Japanese soldiers also engaged in indiscriminate raping. 1 Women were coerced to utilise the available Japanese military brothels. However, the brothels turned out to serve other purposes, as opposed to being commercial sex centres. They were places where women were forced into sex. Many of them died in the process. In line with Hotta’s views, the Pacific War emerged from Japanese quest to invade Indonesia and other regions that had large deposits of natural resources, including oil reserves, to avoid reliance on imported natural minerals, especially metals and oils, to run Japanese industries. 2 The reliance has threatened the capacity of Japan to run its economy and/or sustainably feed its people due to high population growth. The attacks in China would culminate into World War II and the Japanese declaration to withdraw from the war after 140,000-240,000 Japanese civilians were left dead through two nuclear bombings. As the paper confirms, the Pacific War featured new and brutal connections between race, violence, and captivity. In the first section, this paper discusses this proposition in an attempt to relate the war with race and violence. The second section discusses the brutality faced by captives Race and Violence during the Pacific War During the Pacific War, the imperial Japanese army and its allies together with the US and its collaborators committed various atrocities that led to large-scale human sufferings. While no evidence is available on where the senior officers who led the armies commanded such atrocities that fuelled the war, it