ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Freud’s case of hysteria is considered to be a complex treatment of a young girl Dora who tried to resist any medical interference with her psychological state. This book is rather complicated and covers attempts to treat hysterical symptoms rooted from sexual basis of the general patient’s condition. The subject of sexuality was predominantly reflected in the Freud’s writing where he tried to connect all the problems of psychological state with sexual disorders. Discussion At the very beginning of the story Freud stressed that he would try to disclose all the sexual questions in detail. The reader could see that the interpretations of the character’s dreams described in the text are given a special place by the author. The whole text is devoted to the disclosure of the symptoms step by step. Though the story is rather thought provoking and highlight all the possible aspects of the Dora’s case of hysteria, it cannot underline the main aspects of the psychological disorder and answer the necessary questions as to the hysteria problems. Freud wrote the text taking into account all the details of sexual methodology and psychological science trying to connect them and show that sexual problems usually give a start to all psychological disorders. Analyzing the writings of the author it should be stressed that Freud prescribed his case of Dora’s treatment to another year which was wrong. He assigned it to 1899 rather than to 1900. Freud stated that the last visit of Dora was in 1902 though the author managed to provide false information for three times. The problem of the psychological disorder is the central one. Freud underlined the fact that this disease is closely connected only with Dora’s sexual activities. Freud’s treatment demonstrated in the text resulted in the condition improvement and complete stop of new symptoms formation. The author focused on the psychoanalytic investigation. Dora’s case of hysteria was presented in the text taking into account earlier experience of Freud. Nevertheless the case of treatment appeared to be disastrous. And Freud realized that he had gone wrong in the methodology he used. When Dora was to stop her treatment Freud fel
The text analysis is dedicated to the study of the lyrics “Man in Black” written by Jonny Cash. The text touches upon the assessment of the song content and its core points. In addition, the analysis consists of my personal appraise of the song’s idea and the intended audience. While considering the song, I used such method as content analysis that implies the qualitative research of the meaning of the words and correlation to the reality. The purpose of the song assessment was successfully identified from the social, ethical, and political point of view. I also used the descriptive analysis by which I gradually studied the lines of the verse and make corresponded conclusions. To my mind, both methods have greatly contributed to the disclosure of the ideas of “Man in Black” since these approaches imply the analysis of different angles of the song. The song-based analysis is consistently organized; it has introduction, the main body developed in four paragraphs, and conclusion. In the introduction, I highlighted the main purpose of the verse and the singer’s background. It should be also stressed that though the thesis is rather short, still it managed to single out the main point of my song-based analysis. The main body is dedicated to the consideration of problems revealed in the song, namely: the social inequality, religious prejudices, poverty, and redemption. Each paragraph has a persuasive thesis that is further enlarged. Additionally, the topic is closely connected the life of the author and his personal sorrow fate. Moreover, I tried to attain to the direct citation of “Man in black” so that the could have a better idea of the thrust of the song content. Beside a distinct structure of the text and its logical organization, it is easily read so that everyone could be involved in the main scope of the lyrics and perceive the main point of it. From the stylistic and linguistic point of view, the text is made in the appropriate genre with using many stylistic devices, such metaphors and simile, and complex sentences. Though the language is quite simple, the main issues of the study are fully rendered and all the statements have a logical closure. Thus, each verse is supported by some elaborated explanation of event related to it. However, the work has some slight disadvantages. For instance, such aspect as the cultural content was not fully revealed in the text since it was not sustained by the some veritable facts. In addition, it would have been desirable to enlarge on certain facts of the singer’s musical career and his personal life since “Man in Black” is directly related to it. In my opinion, the main advantage of the analysis lies in the brave disclosure of the meaning of the lyrics so that, in general, the text has a high level of readability and is quite responsive. In addition, all the references and bibliographical entries are built in the right way for the reader to easily find the original sources of the analysis. Generally viewing the song-analysis, I am content with the final result of
The first Gulf war involved a coalition of forces against Iraq, and the war occurred between August 2, 1990, and February 28 1991. The United States of America (US) led a coalition of thirty-four nations in attacking Iraq and pushing this nation out of the borders of Kuwait, a country that Iraq had attacked and declared part of it. The war against Iraq was authorised by the United Nations, seemingly after a series of diplomatic efforts and threats of war failed to realise Iraq’s withdrawal from Kuwait. Many economic and socio-political dynamics led to the war, which need careful analysis in order to arrive at the real efforts in the quest to free Kuwait. The Persian Gulf is the world’s single largest source of oil, and the nations of the Middle East, by virtue of their massive oil reserves, play an important economic and political role in world affairs. Oil drives the world economy, therefore interruptions to its production and supply usually has serious ramifications on the functions and progress of the different economies of nations of the world. Therefore, when Iraq attacked Kuwait, an aggressive neighbour on a less powerful nation must not view the invasion as a plain attack. Iraq itself gave various economic, historical and political reasons regarding why it invaded Kuwait. The international response and condemnation of the attack was swift, with the United Nations, under the direction of the US, demanding that Iraq quickly and unconditionally withdraw from Kuwait. This paper will discuss the historical events leading up to the Gulf War. The paper will also analyse importance of the Gulf region as a major world supplier of oil and the role played by the US in guiding the UN in making the resolutions for Iraq’s withdrawal from Kuwait. Therefore, the analyses involve the extent to which the US led the war (by taking advantage of its high position in the UN). Historical, Economic and Political Reasons There are historical, economic and political factors that influenced Iraq’s attack of Kuwait. Historically, Iraq had always perceived Kuwait as a territory of Iraq. Since Kuwait borders the Persian Gulf ahead of Iraq, this fact had always been a source of concern for Iraqis because it limited its access to the Persian Gulf and all the necessary trade and military-related strategic advantages. Therefore, when Kuwait obtained independence from Britain, Iraq immediately sought to annex Kuwait, with an eye on gaining easy access to the gulf. Furthermore, the Gulf War was arguably a direct result of the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war. The decade long war had left Iraq deep in war debt, although it had gained some sophisticated and modern weapons from sponsorship and support from the United States. Iraq owed Saudi Arabia and Kuwait loans for the war amounting to tens of billion
Introduction Hotel Regency is a well-known hospitality business that expanded rapidly in the global market. The hotel has a recognized brand name, and it plans to expand worldwide by acquiring new properties and businesses. In order to seize growth opportunities, it is necessary to connect people by offering them a career path that promises better life and career opportunities for them. Moreover, the company feels that if it builds cordial relations with community members, then it will help the company to accomplish its missions to serve humanity. Mission Statement The mission statement of the company is provided below. The hotel aims to address its clients’ needs in a competent and responsible manner. The hotel strives to deliver impeccable service with a commitment to ensure that every new customer can enjoy his or her stay. The hotel also aims to create a work environment that nurtures the growth and development of its staff. The company has a mission to become a “giving member” of society and improve the lives of people by indulging in ‘corporate social responsibility.’ Corporate Needs The corporate objective of Hotel Regency is to address the issues of people with a diversified background. People from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds use hospitality services for their comfort. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the biased approach and discriminatory behaviors that may occur due to the differences in ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, the company uses the platform of the tis career center to bring people together and foster a good cordial relationship amongst them (Morem, 2009). Moreover, the company feels that most of the young Americans are not able to finish college or university due to the rising costs of education. The company’s corporate objectives are related to fulfilling its corporate social responsibility as it wants to promote its brand name by promoting the personal and professional growth of individuals. In this regard, designing a unique career path for its employees is essential for a company to gain success in the saturated hospitality employment market (Hughey, Nelson, Damminger, & McCalla-Wriggins, 2012). Furthermore, the company feels the need to build partnerships with local businessmen and suppliers so that they could provide resources that would be needed for its career center. The company also requires career-counseling centers. However, these needs of the company could only be met if the company’s network is strong, and it has the means to create an innovative career center that caters to the needs of the people (Rakis, 2012). The company should undertake the following steps when designing a career center (Zunker, 2012): Steps  1. The location of the career center should be convenient for people to approach. It could be built within restaurants located at the company’s hotels or different locations such as employment centers that could be targeted for students from different colleges and univer
Introduction In this modern era, most teens are exposed to a variety of media outlets. Different researches indicate that mass media such as movies, TV, the internet, and magazines pervade the daily lives of individuals, especially that of the teens across the world. Tiggemann and Slater (2013) argue that one of the effects of this media saturation is the continuous transmission of beauty ideals and images. The purpose of this paper is to explore how body image affects teens in different media platforms such as magazines and social media. How body image affects teens in the media Media marketing affects teens in a variety of ways. This is evident from the research conducted by Levine and Murnen (2009). The study revealed that teenage girls who watched commercials depicting women in the unrealistic thin stereotypes of beauty, made the adolescent girls feel less confident, and more dissatisfied with their beauty and appearance (Levine and Murnen, 2009). This demonstrates that watching these images on media affects the adolescents’ psychologically, which makes them not to appreciate their bodies. Additionally, adolescence is a stage at which teenagers acquire values, norms, and develop their concepts. Therefore, the images that they are exposed to in the media affect the norms and values they acquire. The adolescents are susceptible to all forms of messages which are freely accessed on different media platforms (Levine and Murnen, 2009). The study also observed that an estimated seventy percent of college girls felt bad about their looks. They also did not appreciate themselves after reading feminine magazines. They were influenced by the content they saw in magazines, and they learn from these images what is expected out of them. This indicates that the information that adolescents come across in the media has an impact on their personal lives. Another study conducted by Brown and Witherspoon (2002) also found out that the youths were interested in accessing sexual content on various media platforms. The study revealed that teens were influenced to adopt various relationship norms. They also acquired various tips on how to be sexually attractive and strategies for establishing relationships (Brown and Witherspoon, 2002). This also demonstrates that different media platforms provide content which is attractive to the viewers, and offer information and characteristics that influence behavior. Brown and Witherspoon (2002) argue that the advertisements of cosmetics and fashion done in different forms of media have a significant influence on how the youths perceive and think about themselves. They have an enormous effect on the perceptions of the body image, which researchers argue that teenage girls largely rely on for information on fashion and beauty. A study by Tiggemann & Slater (2013) also revealed that exposure to mass media such as television and social media is correlated to negati
Forfeiture of property is a law enforcement tool that intends to solve several issues. Firstly, it is a logical solution to expropriate the crime proceeds in favor of the victims. Secondly, asset recovery is believed to be an additional crime deterrent. According to Cassella (2018), another purpose of this policy is “to lessen the economic power of criminal enterprises” (p. 428). This aim is the central motivator for property forfeiture in the ‘War on Drugs,’ as it intends to confiscate vehicles and housing used for drug trafficking, as well as money gained by it. Police departments also use this property as the financial resource for police training or law enforcement activities. However, this purpose is believed, as Miceli and Johnson (2015) claim, the reason for overuse. Another question to asset forfeiture laws concerns the cases when the criminals use the assets owned by innocent third-party individuals. Although they can provide evidence of their innocence, the presumption of guilt applied to these people is unfair. Civil and Criminal Asset Forfeiture Laws The legal justification for asset recovery, either criminal or civil, implies that any property used in a crime or derived from it (crime proceeds) should be expropriated as the means of punishment and deterrent. There are two ways in which law enforcement can perform property seizure, namely criminal asset forfeiture or civil asset forfeiture. Miceli and Johnson (2015) define criminal forfeiture as the confiscation of property owned exclusively by the criminal only after the conviction. Civil asset forfeiture causes more controversy, as no sentence is necessary for it, and the recovered property can have an innocent third-party owner. As criminal forfeiture is believed to be a limited tool and requires a long-term trial process, it is often combined with civil forfeiture. Cassella (2018) states that several “criminal prosecutions involve a parallel administrative forfeiture of the seized property” (p. 435). This measure allows the recovery of the property before the conviction and includes assets owned by other individuals and rented by the criminal. However, there are some pitfalls of this policy, as the owners often are not aware of the criminal activity for which their property is used. Asset Forfeiture and War on Drugs War on drugs is a large-scale initiative that consists of a set of policies and interventions aimed at combating the illegal drug trade in the U.S. As narco-traffickers follow ec
The process of raising children and caring for them is quite complicated and tedious, and parents sometimes need extra help to look after their child. Certainly, at an early age, babies cannot be left alone because they are tied to mothers, and caring for them is an integral part of parental activities. However, a few years later, when a child is able to walk, talk, eat, and fulfill other needs, the participation of not only parents but also other persons is permissible. According to Steinberg et al., the perception of the environment is formed from the very beginning of life, and contact with other people is an essential condition for development (111). For my child, I would choose standard daycare where he or she could be in contact with other children and, at the same time, receive appropriate help from nursery teachers. I would like the daycare staff to be sufficiently qualified to ensure the safety of both my child and other children in the same group. Also, I would count on good nutrition with the sufficient content of all the necessary vitamins. In order for a child to develop and not just spend time in daycare, it is essential for nursery teachers to involve children in various play activities. As Steinberg et al. argue, babies perceive the world through touching, and appropriate games for the development of fine motor skills would be helpful (116). Optimal daycare is a group of children of ten to twelve with two nursery teachers who have professional education in working with preschoolers. The environment should ensure that the child is ready to return there regularly. In this case, I could devote time to work and not just upbringing. Therefore, daycare is the optimal environment that promotes children’s education and communication. Work Cited Steinberg, Laurence, et al. Development: Infancy Through Adolescence . Cengage Learning, 2010.
Learning Theories and Technology E-learning or online education is the use of electronic media in education. Online education takes the learner enables the learner to get an education even from a remote location. As such, he/she does not have to be physically present in a classroom. E-learning is one of the features of modern learning many people are wondering whether it still falls under the theories of learning that were formulated decades ago before information technology was embraced in education. The three most popular theories of learning are behaviourism, cognitivism and constructivism. Behaviourism sees learning as taking place in response to an external stimulus. It does not consider the thought process as having any consequence in learning. On the other hand, cognitivism states that learning takes place when the mind is able to process memory, motivation, thoughts, and to reflect upon them. It all has to do with how the learner responds to the learning environment presented to him/her. In contrast, constructivism, which is seen as an extension of cognitivism, is a learning style in which student use past experiences to construct knowledge. In this theory, the learner is the focus of attention (Alzaghoul, n.d.). This paper shall endeavor to describe learning occurs. In addition, the paper shall also attempt to examine the three theories of learning namely, behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. It will also show how technolog
In their article “University Students’ Emotions in Lectures: The Effect of Competence Beliefs, Value Beliefs and Perceived Task-Difficulty, and the Impact on Academic Performance”, Greek researchers Georgia Stephanou, Petros Kariotoglou, and Konstantinos Dinas present the results of the investigation on the problem of correlation between students’ emotions at lectures in Psychology, Linguistics and Physics and their academic expectations and performance. The article was published in The International Journal of Learning in 2011. This quantitative research is related to the problem of academic performance in the field of education with its dependence on such factors as the students’ cognition and emotions. The researchers have focused not only on examining students’ usual emotions at lectures during the academic semester but also on their performance expectations, the category of ability self-perceptions, on value beliefs, estimated task-difficulty and on the interdependence of these factors with students’ successful and unsuccessful academic performance. In the study, the authors have presented several hypotheses with the main one suggesting that students who experience positive emotions at lectures are more successful in their academic performance than those students who often experience negative emotions at the same lectures. Those students who consider their performance as successful experience more positive emotions at lectures. That is why, they argue, the process can be discussed as interdependent. Furthermore, the level of value beliefs, performance expectations, and ability self-perceptions also depends on the correlation between positive emotions and successful performance. These hypotheses are based on the results of the previous studies according to which such positive emotions as, for instance, curiosity and pride can affect students’ motivation, cognition, and achievements positively as well as negative emotions provoke students’ unsuccessful performance (Stephanou, Kariotoglou, & Dinas, 2011). Presented hypotheses can be discussed as useful to explore the causes of students’ high and low academic performance in relation to their emotional state. The research design was developed to complete the main objectives of investigating the correlation between students’ emotions associated with the lectures in Psychology, Linguistics and Physics and their academic performance with references to the differences in subjects and differences in the character of emotions. The researchers have concentrated on such factors as students’ values, knowledge, and thinking abilities in order to provide the complex picture of the interdependence between emotions and performance. The researchers’ focus on the mentioned factors is essential to demonstrate the connection between students’ attitude to the subject, their assessment of the personal abilities, and their further performance. To provide the quantitative research, the authors measured survey data from a sample of 320 Early Childhood Education female students of the 2 nd and 3 rd years on the variables: value bel
The Vision of Patacara’s Situation by the Author of the Book of Job The author of the book of Job would see the situation that Patacara has faced from the point of view of the conflict between the true God and his enemy, Satan, the Devil. In the beginning of the book of Job, the essence of this conflict is explained on the example of a faithful man of ancient times named Job: Does Job fear God for nought? Hast thou not put a hedge about him and his house and all that he has, on every side? Thou hast blessed the work of his hands, and his possessions have increased in the land. But put forth thy hand now, and touch all that he has, and he will curse thee to thy face (Book of Job 39). This quotation helps see that there is an issue regarding each individual on the Earth, whether he or she will continue to honor God in case of suffering. Thus, Patacara’s hardships, beginning from her husband’s death and ending with her parents’ death, can be explained by the fact that God’s enemy is trying to test all humans to prove that they all will curse God if troubles come on their heads. Besides, Patacara’s sufferings have come step by step which can be also explained from the point of view of the author of the book of Job. In Job’s situation, God and the Devil continued arguing about this man’s loyalty until everything was taken from him. When Satan took away his riches and his family, he still wanted more: “Skin for s