ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Research conducted 20 years ago indicated that the pandemic of HIV spreads through the faults evident in society. For instance, feminization of the disease clearly explains its spread due to societal faults of denying women equality. Women in most regions have been denied the opportunity to enjoy basic social freedoms, a factor that has been fuelling the spread of the disease. In the US, the disease was initially associated with gays only but in the recent past, it is has been claiming many lives in the country and other parts of the world (CDC, n.d). Lack of good employment opportunities, sound education, favorable neighborhoods, and overall societal inequalities create differences among various groups in the society. These inequalities cause health disparities including the HIV pandemic. This is a fact that has been confirmed by a study on HIV among communities living in the US. Since these are challenges that have been facing society on a daily basis, they have been referred to as social determinants of HIV. This paper will look at the social determinants of HIV and how they influence the spread of HIV. The first social determinant that contributes to the spread of HIV is segregation. It is associated with disparities among different groups in the society which constitute social determinants contributing towards the spread of HIV. Societal disparities are defined as differences that exist in a society at a community level. Multiple conditions such as physical closeness or common purposes and interests maybe some of the features that define most communities. However, societal disparities are identifiable through ethnicity or race and this is what defines society. This implies that social segregation caused by racism is basically an important social determinant of HIV. By extension, most of the social determinants of HIV that lead to racial disparities are caused by social segregation. In 1965, a civil rights act that was passed in the United States disbanded segregation based on race. This act discouraged racial segregation by invalidating the laws passed by
Detailed Lesson Plan Time: 8:00 A.M to 8:20 A.M Subject: English language Class: Upper Intermediate Teacher: Wid Al-Seraihi Level (Age 13) Language Focus: Speaking Topic: Prepositions of place Objectives: To teach students how to use prepositions of place correctly in sentences Outcomes:   * Student (S) will identify and use prepositions to describe objects concerning one another   * S will comprehend and be able to show the use of prepositions   * S will be able to speak and communicate with each other using prepositions   * S will be able to use ‘in, on, at’ and prepositions of place ‘under, over, behind, in front of, and other prepositional phrases Prior Knowledge: Ss have used prepositions in their sentences daily The rationale for teaching prepositions of place:   * Prepositions require frequent practice   * The lesson will help the learner to use knowledge practically rather than memorize prepositions   * Ss should know that prepositions may be used interchangeably, and this should help in avoiding confusion   * Ss must know that sentences should not end in prepositions   * The lesson promotes multiple intelligence as Ss learn through drawing examples on correct usages of prepositions Anticipated Problems:   * In some cases, speakers may use prepositions interchangeably based on the situation, and this may lead to further confusion   * Ss may not understand prepositions on their own or logically Possible solution Regular practice is necessary to reinforce the use of prepositions among Ss Possible Solutions:   * Teacher (T) must watch and guide Ss activities   * T must motivate learners to apply prepositions knowledge incorrect usages Materials:  1. Computer & projector  2. Handout  3. Whiteboard Self-Evaluation of Lesson What worked? Students were able to pronounce vocabularies correctly, form their sentences, and draw examples from pictures presented Students showed prior knowledge in the use of basic prepositions. This made the examples easy to formulate. Why did it work? Ss are familiar with some elements of prepositions in daily usages of language. Ss had prior knowledge about basic prepositions and could guess their meanings and usages What did not work? Ss were not able to apply prepositions with phrases correctly Why it did not work? Prepositional phrases were a bit complex to Ss due to changes in usages based on different situations. Thus, the confusion was inevitable. What I would do next time (if I had the opportunity to teach the lesson again) Provide adequate time for students to practice as I identify mistakes for correction and provide students with opportunities to correct their peers Comment Teachers should teach prepositions throughout the course to enhance practical usages Students should practice with new complex sentences Students must learn prepositions throughout their courses Rationale Model of the Lesson Plan used The teacher based the prepositions of the place lesson plan on Tyler’s Rational-Linear Framework. The teacher used this model because it provided an opportunity to identify four stages that occur in a sequence durin
The seminar addressed various issues concerning the new frontiers in regards to atmosphere and climate changes. Among the issues that were discussed is how vegetation impacts the atmosphere. According to the speaker, vegetation affects the atmosphere through a number of ways including limiting the amount of sun’s radiation, controlling the amount of carbon dioxide in the air, changing the color of reefs, and wind conditions within the earth’s surface among other factors. The speaker also addressed the issue of how changing the amount of vegetation cover can influence atmosphere and climate dynamics through a wide range of changes. The issue of vegetation cover in the world was addressed through three major regional segments; the tropics, the temperate regions, and the moorlands. The seminar covered how vegetation cover affects water security and energy conservation budgets across the world. The tropics are mainly consistent of two types of vegetations: tropical rainforests and tropical grasslands. Tropical rainforests consists of deep-rooted trees that consequently attract a significant amount of cloud cover. On the other hand, grasslands are characterized by sparse trees and weak ground cover. Snow distribution is a major factor in areas that feature these two types of vegetation cover. The various types of vegetation can have differing levels of influence on energy budgets. Grasslands are only able to sustain a comparatively small number of atmospheric processes and they have little effect on climate dynamics. The speaker concluded that increasing forest cover would in
Jorge Alderete is an Argentine designer who is best known for his contemporary and unique illustrations and designs. He was born in Argentina in 1971 where he was exposed to comic books of the time. He slowly developed an interest in the graphics that were represented in such books. In 1989, he joined the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, to study design and visual communication. This move led to even more interest in the area of illustration and design (Hainsworth par.1). He temporarily worked in Argentina before moving to Spain. However, he permanently relocated to Mexico where he has currently developed most of his best-known works. His illustrations, designs, animations, and comics have been displayed in many places across the world. Elements of dynamism are evident in his work. In terms of his artistry career, Jorge Alderete is known for his surrealist and kitsch kind of designs and art. As a young man, he was interested in comic books where he drew inspiration for his work. This influence is evident in his work, which strongly leans towards comic book drawings and designs. He draws inspiration from science fiction, horror movies, Mexican culture, and the US underground comics among others. Other graphic designers view Jorge Alderete’s style as a ‘pop’ style that is marked by many connotations and images of cultural garbage. Cultural garbage or trash culture is used to refer to the many aspects of the society that people consider insignificant. In other words, the society looks down upon this culture. In the last sixteen years, Alderete has stayed in Mexico. Hence, most of his culturally inspired designs are depictions of the Mexican culture, although he also depicts the Argentinean civilization. Common elements in his work include Mexico City graffiti, monsters, Lucha Libre, aliens, and the 1950s and 1960s cultural and pop depictions, and science fiction (Hainsworth par.3). Some of his works include mutant with a cigarette, Maradona the soccer player who is depicted as an apostle with a burning soccer ball in his heart, a beehive hairstyle, and a green-faced female vampire among others. One of the major factors that distinguish Jorge Alderete from other designers in Mexico and the world is his focus on cultural aspects that the society has ignored. His focus on the trash culture is an exclusive strategy that other designers rarely or never address. In Mexico, while most of the aspects that are depicted in Alderete’s designs have little significance to the culture, Alderete has an opportunity as a foreigner to look at such cultural practices from an outsider’s viewpoint. Therefore, most of his works depict many Mexican cultural aspects that other designers have often overlooked (Hainsworth par.4). For example, the Mexican Lucha Libre wrestling is often viewed as an activity of the low-class members of the society. Consequently, for a long time, it has escaped the interest of great designers and illustrators in Mexico and across the world. However, as a foreigner, Jorge Alderete has managed to gain interest in such activities. Consequentl
As a method of discipline and punishment, spanking has been considered a widespread practice that parents have used. However, it raises some ethical concerns due to the possible adverse impact on the psychological well-being of children. The topic is controversial even though studies have pointed out that spanking would not solve any disciplinary issues but rather cause damage to the well-being of children. Nevertheless, some parents can get frustrated and hit their children as a result of that, not considering other options. Spanking, hitting, and other means of causing pain are ineffective in making children adhere to the established rules. On the contrary, it can lead to aggression, antisocial behaviors, and mental health issues (Cacioppo and Freberg 367). One of the main problems of corporal punishment is the fact that it rarely works to get children to comply, and parents think that it should be escalated, causing further damage. Therefore, it is imperative to educate parents that spanking is not only ineffective but also inappropriate to establish positive relationships between them and their children. Instead of resorting to hitting or spanking, it is recommended for parents to use the method of positive reinforcement to reward children for their good behaviors. The approach can teach children which modes of behavior are desirable and which are not, thus gradually building a model that can be used in further teaching and learning. It is essential to understand that spanking does not work as a long-term solution despite the fact that it has been popular in the past. Positive changes in children’s behavior will only occur when parents understand the importance of listening to their kids and being role models for good behavior. Work Cited Cacioppo, John, and Laura Freberg. Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind. Cengage Learning, 2020.
Introduction The access to affordable and quality food has overtime proved to be a complex issue hence making the agribusiness industry vital as it facilitates the production, processing, and distribution of food in world economies. The operations of the agribusiness sector are affected by a number of factors in regard to the business environment. An organization has to consider the issues that will determine its success or contribute to its failure while conducting trade and transactions. The agribusiness industry has been operating internationally, especially due to globalization, and thus, both the domestic and the foreign investment factors have to be taken into consideration before resources are allocated to the sector. Certain factors like the economic conditions of given countries contribute to the success or failure of this industry because of the opportunities or limitations that they present, which in turn determines the competitiveness of the agribusiness industry. The international financial market is a major determinant of the way agribusiness is conducted, and it is currently at risk due to the vast use of foreign tax havens. The heavy flow of money into tax havens contributes to inflation, tax competition, and unemployment, and labor productivity in different states of the world. Statement of the Problem The study will be focusing on examining the impact of international tax havens on Arizona and the world, specifically the international financial market, which in turn has the capacity to affect the agribusiness environment, its level, and the quality of service. The study will be addressing the following factors:  1. How the use of international tax havens affects the economy.  2. Tax has ns’ impact on the policies and structure of the international business environment.  3. How the state of the economy of a country affects agribusiness. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between international tax havens, the state of the economy, and its influence on the conduct of business. By the end of the research, I expect that ideas will be generated on whether the use of tax havens has a negative impact on international agribusiness and hopefully lead us towards possible solutions to the problems. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to institute the impact of international tax havens on Arizona and the world by establishing its effect on the economic performance of countries and determine whether the elimination of tax havens can be beneficial to agribusiness. Literature review This research approach will involve the current, past, and future reviews of business practices involving tax havens because the study of what has been done allows one to make possible conclusions about the impact of international tax havens as they form the basis of the research. Studies on these impacts suggest that tax havens negatively affect the economic position of countries through the alteration of financial markets, which consequently leads
Introduction Retirement of baby boomers is inevitable. To analyze the government’s strategies concerning retirement and social security of the same, it is important to note some key factors. The people born immediately after World War II (baby boomers) were many; unfortunately, they have not been giving birth to enough children that could match the population of that time; therefore, demographic change is inevitable. The number of tax paying employees has been declining since 2008 when the first crop of baby boomers entered retirement. The decline is attributed to the simple reason that baby boomers did not bring forth enough children to maintain constant population. This implicates that, without proper management, social security will shrink and finally collapse because tax-paying population cannot sustain retirement benefits for retired and retiring baby boomers. So, what is the government doing about this lurking crisis? Government Plans According to Gale (2007), “80 million Americans born from 1946 to 1964 could qualify for Social Security and Medicare during the next 22 years.” Out of this 80 millions, 3.2 millions entered retirement in 2008 at age 62, the early retirement age. Even though some have dubbed this, “the single greatest economic challenge of our era” (Bernheim, 2000, p. 288), government has strategies in place to counter these challenges. Actually, one of the biggest, though unknown challenges is the fact that many baby boomers are not having enough private savings; hence, they would be forced to depend entirely of social security fund. Nevertheless, the much publicized ‘enough’ private savings is not quantifiable because this is a personal issue. After the government realized that, more than a quarter of baby boomers had not saved enough, it embarked on a campaign to encourage baby boomers not to retire at 62 but prolong that, a little bit long. “Because people who retire at 62 can expect to live another 20 years, each year they postpone retirement reduces their need for retirement savings by about 5 percent” (Gale, 2007, 5). Extending retirement by a single year increases one’s social security benefits by a significant margin and government is currently campaigning for this extension. Moreover, working for a longer time presents one with the opportunity of saving more, hence reducing the amount that he or she will need from the social security scheme. For instance, taking the case of Casey-Kirschling, at 62 years this year, if she starts drawing money from the social security trust fund next year, “she will get $240 less per month than she would have if she waited four years” (Butrica, Howard, Iams & Karen, 2010). This makes sense and this is the reason the government is campaigning for baby boomers to extend their retirement time. Congress has been working tirelessly to ensure that baby boomers retirement does not plunge the country into economic crisis. In 2003, Congress increased healthcare budget by $768 annually; however, in 2005, “lawmakers nicked Medicaid’s projected cost by $5 billion over five years, but the Congressional Budget Office still projects the program to grow by about 8% a year”
Man and crime have coexisted throughout history. Nonetheless, traditional patterns guiding the transition from childhood to adulthood have changed. Moreover, there are limited opportunities for young people to explore. For instance, unemployment rates have skyrocketed. As a result, many youths are unable to cater for their basic needs. Poverty is, thus, one of the major causes of violent crimes. The proliferation of criminal gangs in my area of jurisdiction, as director of the county juvenile court, represents a nationwide problem. Therefore, all parties involved must redouble their efforts in dealing with juvenile deliquesces and other gang-related problems. This paper provides background information on the gang problem. In the 1990s, the rate of crime rose in most parts of the world (World Youth Report, 2003). Most of these crimes were related to youths. In Western Europe alone, the rate of juvenile delinquency increased by 50%. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) (n.d.), about 33,000 gangs operate across the US today. In addition, 48% of violent crimes are committed by gangs (FBI, n.d.). In some areas, the percentage is as high as 90%. It is also estimated that these gangs have 1.4 million members. Most of the groupings are well organized and use sophisticated strategies to run their illegal activities and control neighborhoods. Some of their ways of generating money include gun and drug trafficking, kidnapping and robbery. Before preventive programs are designed, reasons behind involvement of juveniles in crime must be understood (World Youth Report, 2003). One cannot effectively deal with a problem without knowing its root causes. According to the World Youth Report (2003), sociologists believe that juvenile delinquents commit minor to serious offences. Therefore, criminal gangs differ in their modes of operation. Consequently, gang problems must be solved by more than one strategy. For instance, some gangs commit s
Aims The slogan of the company is “the place for the best alternative music. From indie pop and iconic rock to trip hop, electronica and dance with great archive music sessions, live music concerts and documentaries” ( BBC Radio 6 Music 2014, para. 1). The aim of BBC Radio 6 Music is to delight and captivate the admirers of contemporary music with an assistance of the radio that commemorates the alternative attitude and essence in trendy music from the 1960s to the current times. Its agenda places on-going issues apart from the prevailing releases with prior recordings side by side, involving the music from various archives. Moreover, the BBC Radio 6 Music is obliged to present the background for the recordings that are playing on the radio, and encourage live music and recent composers and singers. Funding BBC 6 Music Radio has a financial service plan of £7.8 million in for the last two years. Any arranged or truly existing adjustment in disbursement occurring yearly on the BBC 6 Music Radio of more than ten percent in actual expense demands confirmation from the BBC Trust and can be allowed to involve divergence of the Service Licence. This criterion of adjustment is established in order to grant disparities in wasting, which appear from ordinary, periodic circumstances such as paying out monetary funds on big sports occurrences, a moderate and acceptable grade of functional resilience (for example, an arrangement of the programmes) and variations in bookkeeping strategy. Taking into consideration all these aspects, the Trust might decide that prearranged, or truly existing adjustment in disbursement occurring yearly in less than ten percent should need its consent if the insinuations of this are noteworthy for the integrity of the service or its retail. Public purposes BBC 6 Music Radio has a duty to display certain or every of the next features: high quality, unique, stimulating, ground-breaking and appealing, and it should cultivate the hidden and actual talents of the United Kingdom. BBC 6 Music Radio have a duty to distribute its sphere of activity by involving individuals who are concerned with music and who desire to absorb more information about it. The recordings of the radio station have an intention of focusing on foremost performers and material that failed to obtain abundant maintenance from various other radio stations. It aims to suggest an extensive assortment of material with recent songs, live performances, less famous records and the achievements of the artists of the United Kingdom significantly embodied in its output. BBC 6 Music Radio contains a durable component of recently documented and archived live performances during the day and in the late afternoons. “Tracks, sessions and concerts from the BBC Sound Archive should provide an important element of the output and the station should add recordings of festivals, concerts and its own sessions to the archive” ( BBC 6 Music 2012, para 3). Moreover, the BBC 6 Music station provides the background to the recordings by the means of an authoritative performance, aspects, and life stories, which tend to advance a comprehension of the music and its background, or replica