ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Some many publications and theories try to explain who Jesus really was and his mission on the Earth. The historical Jesus is presented differently from the contemporary person of Jesus portrayed in the New Testament. The person of Jesus represented in the New Testament represents mostly his message and his teachings as brought out by His disciples (Thomas, 114). This is contrary to what or who Jesus is portrayed as the historical Jesus. In understanding who the historical Jesus was, we deviate from his mission and teachings that largely covered three years. Portraying Jesus, in this sense, requires that we go back in time studying ancient evidence regarding his early life. The historical Jesus refers in an actual sense as the person Jesus was during his lifetime and not the Jesus of Christian doctrines (Donald, 223). It is the historical figure of Jesus before the onset of Christianity. The historical figure of Jesus and the theological figure of Jesus differ in their representation. A short preview of the historical Jesus would be, born in the final years of king Herold’s reign at around 3 or 4 BCE, in a small village in Nazareth, Jesus was from a Jewish background. This was around the first century, according to many documents with the history of Jesus. Jesus was referred to as a teacher in the literal sense of the word. He did not preach as such but presented his teachings in a rather simple and straight forward manner, sometimes using parables. His was a simple message according to the Christian doctrines, the message of salva
Abstract Language disorders that are often referred to as speech disorders interfere with an individual’s ability to speak. Quite often, the conditions are more prevalent to males than females. In addition, there are numerous disorders and each has its own distinct symptoms. The most notable symptoms include prolongation, repetition and blockage of sounds or words. It is evident that language disorders such as stuttering affect communication, a factor that is likely to affect academic performance among students. This paper explores the strategies, augmentative and associative technology devices that can be used to help students in language development and learning. Moreover, it will highlight on communication skills that can be used to teach and help such students during the process of learning so that they match with normal learners. Introduction According to Reed (2011), language disorder is a deficit that inhibits effective passage of communication and language use. Research has shown that language disorder often affects the speech pattern of an individual. There are numerous types of language disorder among students. Moreover, language disorders are often caused by numerous factors such as loss of hearing, neurological impairments or damage of certain parts of the brain that are involved with language development (Chiat, Law & Marshall, 2008). There are distinct symptoms that students with language disorders exhibit. For instance, students who have stuttering disorder have difficulties in speaking fluently. It is against this backdrop that this paper intends to outline the strategies that are used to help students with language problems and also augment the assistive technological devices that can be used to foster language development (Vinson, 2011). Moreover, this paper will also explore the communications skills which a teacher should use to help such students. Strategies to use while working with students with language problems Whitaker (2009) argues that language problems among students can be grouped into several categories that are related to communication. For instance, there are problems associated with hearing, speech, language development and fluency. However, the most common disorder is the speech impairment that involves articulation and voice. In this case, articulation involves numerous aspects of speech such as sounds, phonology and syllables. In line with this, there are considerable aspects attached to the voice such as quality, pitch, fluency and intensity (Chiat, Law & Marshall, 2008). It is notable that stuttering is a disorder that falls in the category of speech impairment. In this case, the disorder results into interruption of the fluency in speech. It is important to note that majority of the students who suffer from the disorder get affected right from childhood. In most cases, students who develop such a disorder in their childhood stage may experience the condition persisting to adulthood. This impairment inhibits communi
Leadership that is committed is essential in the successful pursuit of change. Without a strong leader to give direction and insist that people must remain committed to the ideals of change, the entire idea could be hijacked and mutilated by the opponents of change. It has been shown that while change inspires hope in those who believe in it, it evokes equal measure of fear in those who depend on the status quo for their survival (Nixon 2002, p. 22). Change can only succeed if it is managed by dedicated leaders who also show willingness to make personal sacrifices. Such leaders must, however, not only commit to the idea of change, but also ensure that people they lead understand and accept their ideas. This calls for a rare combination of bold leadership, good communication skills as well as corporate values. These values must be applied synergistically and should include intellectual, spiritual and emotional involvement of the people (Nixon 2002 p. 12). Intellectually involving people in th
Nora Jones is a 48-year-old Aboriginal lady who has been diagnosed with end stage kidney disease. She has been treated with haemodialysis for the past three months in a large Brisbane Hospital. Nora is from a remote Aboriginal Community and has been staying with her cousin between treatments but misses her home and her community. Recently, Nora’s community has been provided with a peritoneal dialysis clinic. In view of Nora’s wish to return to her home, she has been offered the option to return to her community and commence peritoneal dialysis in place of haemodialysis. Even though the change in treatment will impact on her health outcomes, Nora has decided to return to her remote area home. Effective communication and cultural safety are the key factors influencing the development of a nurse patient therapeutic relationship when working with Nora. Personal rapport and trust relationship between Aboriginal Australians and non-Aboriginal nursing staff is important for enhancing the patients’ understanding of significance of treatment in order to prevent their refusal from medical services. Nelson & Allison (2007) pointed at “the importance of devoting time specifically for building relationships, rather than being too quick to launch into the therapeutic activity” (p. 58). Due to their ethnical background and experience of racial discrimination, Indigenous patients feel uncomfortable being separated from their accustomed surrounding and put trust neither in non-Aboriginal nurses nor in medical services in general. Making efforts to establish a rapport with Nora, the medical staff should bear in mind that English might be her fourth or fifth language and this might complicate the process of communication significantly. “Many Indigenous patients were not properly prepared for surgery due to language difficulties. (Academic research library, 2008, p. 22). Nora, as well as other Aboriginal patients, requires individual approach considering the differences in language skills and communication traditions. Another problem is caused with difficulties of receiving more or less certain feedback from Indigenous patients. They are inclined to agree to everything instead of asking questions and clarifying the controversial moments. For this reason, the nurse should check the effectiveness of their communication exchange and provide the patients with an opportunity to express their opinion after being informed on the diagnosis and medical care plans. McGrath, Ogilvie et al. (2005) noted that “it is important to allow the time and space for feed-back from Indigenous clients to check that they have understood the full facts of the right story” (p. 309). Establishing the personal rapport with Aboriginal Australians, it is important to consider the patients’ language difficulties and allow them to give their feed-back with the aim of making the communication exchange more effective, reducing their stress, and motivating them for further treatment. The principle of cultural safety is another integral element of effec
As the Public Policy Institute Report for AARP has shown, it is still unclear what savings the organizations have provided and if there is any actual benefit from this program. Nevertheless, it stresses that care management is promising when its activities are highly focused, i.e. the target population with specific conditions and requirements. The Social Health Maintenance Organizations are able to provide benefits to those citizens they are focusing on. For example, HMOs have a slower cost growth compared to Preferred Provider Organization (PPOs) and therefore citizens with a limited income will most likely shift to HMOs if they have been using PPOs before (Ho, Pakes, & Shepard, 2016). Although the general benefits from HMOs are not present in Medicaid and Medicare reports, they provide serious support to the elderly with low income; after some provider organizations had shifted to global payments, the HMOs cost growth slowed down again and attracted more customers with lower income or financial instability (Ho et al., 2016). According to one study, the subjective perception of the health status was better when elderly patients were under Medicare HMO (Yamada et al., 2015). Therefore, services provided by HMO also reduced the negative perception of the elderly compared to the standard fee-for-service health insurance. As it was stated in several studies, the Medicare and Medicaid programs’ benefits are still too rarely examined to provide specific data about the case. Moreover, the results can often be contradictory: while some of the studies point out that the HMOs are able to reduce the cost of healthcare for the beneficiaries, Bhattacharjee et al. (2015) notice that patients with Parkinson disease who were also Medicare beneficiaries have had higher expenditures compared to citizens with PD who were not beneficiaries of the Medicare program. Therefore, it remains unclear whether HMOs are actually able to bring benefits or not.
Incident at Morales is an educational film that tells the story of Fred, a newly hired engineer who has to deal with multiple ethical challenges to perform his professional duties. Its main idea is to demonstrate that specialists in the field of engineering face difficult situations requiring them to be trustworthy on a daily basis. Corporate cultures affect specialists’ way of approaching engineering and ethical issues by normalizing specific behaviors. For instance, in the film, Fred is encouraged to report any problems to his immediate supervisor prior to taking any other actions. In this case, the inappropriateness of employees’ attempts to withhold information acts as a critical element of culture that should shape Fred’s strategy in case of ethical constraints. Faust’s decision to hire Fred was not perfect from the ethical viewpoint since he used to work with their major business rival, Chemitoil. The problem is that Fred could still be in contact with his former colleagues and reveal sensitive data related to Chemitoil’s projects, intentionally or not (Harris et al. 110). For Fred, it is a pivotal task to prove that he is trustworthy and honest as an employee. To maintain this reputation, he is to work on Phaust’s new project without plagiarizing and violating Chemitoil’s intellectual property rights (Harris et al. 108). Moreover, he can prevent reputational losses by demonstrating his unwillingness to discuss his former and present employers with third parties. As is demonstrated in the film, conflicts between management and engineering urged engineers to make decisions with reference to quite unrealistic goals. Without consulting other specialists, the management team reduced the number of available funds to be spent on a new plant and set a short facility completion deadline. Therefore, during the design and building stages, the engineering team had to analyze ways to save on construction materials without destroying workplace safety and productive capacity. When facing constraints linked with resources, for instance, money and time, I score twice before cutting once and avoid decisions that emphasize profitability instead of safety. A specialist should remain objective and committed to safety under any circumstances. It is clear from the case that openness can be regarded as the most critical element of effective relationships in the workplace. In the film, Fred demonstrates it by voicing concerns linked with the environmental implications of the new project during his conversations with Peter. Although his behavior is seen as disobedience, Fred does not try to shy away from discussing the case to avoid communication problems. However, other team members are not as open to the need for morally right decisions, and they make Fred challenge his ideals. The situation sheds light on ethical dilemmas that arise when financial issues are in conflict with moral obligations. To encourage honorable behavior and prevent further ethical issues, Phaust should change its working practices to improv
The English civil war occurring between 1642 and 1651 was a controversy between the executive headed by King Charles I, and the English legislature. In all his time of leadership, King Charles I had a perception that God Himself granted him leadership to lead England. In his dictatorial capacity, King Charles I refused to recall parliament and instead, went ahead to rule eleven years until when bankruptcy faced his regime. In order to raise money to run government affairs, King Charles I had to recall parliament to enact policies, which will see his regime acquire money through increased taxes. However, the angry members of parliament declined this offer and eventually, controversy ensued. The country was heading towards the worst. King Charles I decided to raid the House of Commons and managed to apprehend several members of parliament. There was high probability that war could ensue ant time. Since there were two warring sides, each citizen had to choose which side to support [1] . Consequently, divisions became nigh. Proprietors and rural folks backed the King even as rich businesspersons and urban dwellers became parliament lieutenants. The sequence of fortified disagreements and political machinations led into a bloody war that claimed lives of many people. Just like in any contest where there is a winner and a looser; parliament triumphed over King Charles I and deposed him. Although the war stopped, parliament went ahead to try King Charles I of treason and found him blameworthy. In 1649, the English monarchy collapsed as King Charles I died through execution while his son, King Charles II went on exile. The Commonwealth of England took over from the authoritarian English monarchy and continued up to 1653 when Oliver Cromwell led the Protectorate until his death in 1658. Oliver Cromwell played a significant role during the English Civil War, which saw England change its leadership structure from a monarchy to a republic. Later on, Oliver Cromwell ruled the ephemeral commonwealth of England before being the head of Protectorate between 1653 and 1658. Historical literature depicts Oliver Cromwell as a fascinating icon in the British history. This is because, his leadership styles dominated incongruous verdicts for example, backing parliamentary system of governance, constitutional mandate to dissolve parliament, and supporting religious freedom but at the same time, assassinating heretics. The availability of plenty information on his ascendancy into British power alludes him as a historical personage [2] . Oliver Cromwell came from a family that owned large trucks of land. While studying at Cambridge, Oliver Cromwell entered Puritanism and integrated his political, religious and personal life into an entity. The landed family decided to send Oliver Cromwell to parliament in order to represent their interests. The fact that Oliver Cromwell hailed from a family of landed gentry, s
The United Arab Emirates is emerging as one of the most desirable tourist destinations in the world. There are several reasons for the country’s popularity as a tourist destination. Due to the fast developing economy in the UAE, several major festivals have become popular all over the world. These festivals and events have led to high level of tourism activity in short recurrent periods (Bundhun 3). Economic growth in the UAE depends on the spending activity of the foreigners. Tourism is replacing oil as a source of income for the country. Oil reserves have become depleted, and are progressively proving unreliable. In addition, foreigners bring foreign cultural values to the UAE during the festivals and events. Economic activities and the resulting growth also have a definite effect on the environment. Games, athletics, national celebrations, shopping seasons, and holiday seasons are some of the events that attract mass tourism in the UAE (Bundhun 5). Since events and festivals are the major causes of tourists’ attraction to the UAE, the economic impact of tourism can be associated with them. During these events and festivals, there is a huge influx of the wealthiest people from all over the world. Consequently, demand for goods and services rises and economic activity increases. This is an important source of income for the citizens of the UAE and the government. While people are on tour in the UAE, they identify viable economic activities and invest in them (Bundhun 8). One of the major industries that have experienced significant foreign investment is the real estate market. This has happened due to the UAE’s reputation as one of the most luxurious places to live in. Event tourism in the UAE promotes foreign trade on which the country relies for a significant portion of its total income. Politically, the UAE is gaining acceptance as a global economic player unlike other Arab countries, which seem isolated on the global scene. Most of the cities in the United Arab Emirates have grown at a very fast pace due to the establishment of buildings and infrastructure to accommodate tourist influx. Many jobs have been created by event tourism as entrepreneurs establish businesses to provide services to the visitors (Poore 3). Moreover, the banking industry has been promoted by tourism since the visitors use banking system in the UAE to facilitate their stay in the country. This way, the banking industry in the UAE has expanded to become of international acclaim. The transport industry in the UAE has also significantly expanded due to the need to travel around the country. Movement within the country has also necessitated the development of an intricat
The Internet has had the biggest effect in the United States. It has made the world a smaller place and a global village to the Americans in the following ways. Firstly, news travel very fast, that is, one is able to get latest news from the web anytime anywhere. The internet has made the world a global village. This mainly applies to the business world where Chief Executive Officers are able to make decision through the internet. They are able to share ideas and challenge some of the decisions made instantly. Managers are also in a position to get latest information and any changes that might affect their business are noted very fast. Moreover investors are in a position to keep track of their investments. For example one is in a position to keep track of stocks. As a result the business world is harmonized in the sense that no one is left behind in terms of accessing information. (Ely, 2000) Secondly, people are able to know what is happening in the world. For example, if a student wants to research on a certain topic he will be in a position to do so. If the student decides to write a paper about Africa, he will get the information through the internet. He will know exactly what is happening in Africa or any other part of the world. Information is available to everyone and about everything. More proof to this is that, with the resent collaboration between NASA and Google, people are even in a position to know what is happening even out of space. Thirdly students can be in a position to do their own research and get the latest information. As stated above the internet has made the world a global village such that students are even able to do their homework through the internet. And at times, students can even challenge the information given to them by their teachers. They can also have additional information which might not be given to them by their teacher. This was not possible a decade ago. So the internet has brought remarkable changes. Fourth, the internet has lowered the cost of printing. This is a big advantage to publishing companies. This is because their printing cost has gone down and this helps them to maximize their profits. For example the cost of publishing a magazine or newspaper online is cheaper than printing. This is because one does not need to buy paper and ink and not as many workers are needed. Despite the positive effects that the internet has, it also has a couple of negative effects. This include: it opened up the world to everyone this is despite of race, religion or sex. But not every one is able to access the internet. Despite lowering the printing cost, it is not affordable to everyone. There is also the risk of people becoming addicted to the internet. This is like an out of control behavior. Internet a