ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Corporate business is facing more pressure in modern times than ever before to practice ethical behavior, demonstrate moral leadership, and act in accordance with corporate social responsibility. These values have become more than slogans and in our capitalist society, it is businesses that are expected to pave the way for moral competence, economic integrity, and responsible leadership, all while being under the constant scrutiny of the public eye and regulators. Introduction to Moral Intelligence 2.0 by Doug Lennick and Fred Kiel is the second edition of their highly successful bestseller. Coming 6 years after the original’s publication, the new edition takes the vital lessons of the first version and builds upon them in the context of sweeping changes that have occurred in the economy and business world post-2008 financial crisis. The authors emphasize that moral competence has become an element that is necessary not only for personal leadership success and a thriving business but for the survival of the global economy and social stability. Recessions, social unrest, and environmental issues are all aspects influenced by the moral decision-making of businesses, both large and small. Morality is no longer a luxury or a choice, but a necessity to avoid catastrophic economic outcomes. Lennick and Kiel understood and outlined the issues that underpinned the 2008 financial crisis, and many of them were of the moral nature – power, corruption, greed, and turning a blind eye to the systemic moral failures that ended up hurting the most vulnerable, average workers and households. This book’s primary message is that one can still have a successful business, profit, and competitive innovation while having morally intelligent leadership and decision-making. In any industry or company, the moral values of leadership reflect on its practices corporate values, and in turn the products or services they offer. Some examples of such values include acting with integrity, encouraging openness and inclusivity, fostering an entrepreneurial spirit and giving back, and delivering excellent quality. Collectively, these and other values are ingredients to high performance for leaders, business executives, and companies that drive business success in the long-term, able to withstand scrutiny, economic slumps, and regulatory pressures. There is a whole section of the book dedicated to discussing how organizations can institutionalize the principle of moral intelligence. However, the main focus of Introduction to Moral Intelligence 2.0 is on the individual and qualities that a manager should possess for moral leadership. Lennick and Kiel place a strong emphasis on the concept of emotional intelligence which leads to moral intelligence. The two are stron
In this term paper, substance use and abuse among the young adults will be discussed at length. Substance abuse is also referred to as drug abuse and is mostly an addiction that affects people in their youthful age. This is the age between 18 and 35. Substance use means activities involving consumption of drugs, which include those not prescribed by the doctor. Different youths use drugs for fun while others have developed an addiction. Those with the addiction are called the abusers. Drug types include marijuana, methamphetamine, caffeine, opiates, steroids, cocaine, tobacco, club drugs and heroine. Examples of club drugs include ecstasy, blue nitro and ketamine. Some drugs are in powder form while others are in cracks. Medical drugs include pain relievers, depressants and stimulants (Smith and Hung, 2009). The youth exist in every ethnic group and are involved in high crime rates; top in the list being substance abuse. They easily relate with each other and their dressing, symbols, taste, preferences and color. It is important to note that not all youths are the same. Some are not abusers of drugs (White, 2009). A report by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) shows that in the US, more females smoke cocaine, stimulants and opiates while men abuse more of marijuana and alcoholic beverages. The report also notes that, alcoholism has the highest rate of substance abuse by the Native Americans. The abuse rate of alcohol is thrice that of Native Americans as compared to the others. Substance abuse was first incorporated in the United States by the European explorers who brought into the limelight, alcoholic beverages. In the past month, most youths have used inhalants (32%), illicit drugs (20%), binge drinking (26%), and smoking (22%). Marijuana abuse rate has risen to 86% in male species and to 57% in the female species. Moreover, almost a half of the reported death cases in Arizona are led by alcohol abuse while approximately 9% is caused by other drugs (Preston, 2009). In the 20 th century, crimes related to substance abuse were very high in the US. Over 50% of all federal detainees were victims of drug crimes (Smith and Hung, 2009). The characteristics and consequences of abusers include liver failure, heart attacks, hangovers, lung cancer, ulcers, a decrease in muscle control, anxiety, hallucinations, depression, unhealthy bodies, poor hygiene, imbalance, appetite loss, lethargy, and others. On a social level, the abusers may be abusive and violent towards other people; they may be moody, depressed, interest loss in social events and may experience loss of concentration and memory (Smith and Hung, 2009). The impacts of drug abuse are not felt by the individual youth only; they are also felt at a family and societal level. At an individual level, the youths perform very poorly in school. Thi
Introduction Criminal justice systems have faced criticisms regarding the implementation of the death penalty. Even though they try to ensure that this process is conducted in a humane way, it has still not gained acceptance by many people and organizations (Bedau 2011). In addition, states are now becoming cautious in administering this punishment. This essay explores the various controversies and reasons that support or oppose the abolishment of this penalty. Definition Death penalty refers to the termination of criminals’ lives after facing criminal charges to prove that they committed capital offenses (Goodheart 2011). Many nations had adopted this policy but they are now reconsidering to abolish it because of the controversies surrounding its application. Reasons for the Abolishment of this Sentence The prevalence of criminal activities necessitated the need to establish strict laws that will ensure the culprits are given appropriate sentences. However, it has now come to the attention of most states that this penalty is not an effective way of punishing capital offenders because of the following reasons. First, it denies prisoners their right to life, yet constitutions all over the world state that people have an express right to life and no one is allowed to take away another person’s life (Bergman 2011). This sentence ignores this constitutional requirement and offers the state an ability to kill criminals. In addition, religious teachings insist that no human being has a right to deny another person the right to life. It is only God who created people and has the right to decide when they should die. Criminals have a right for life just like other people no matter the degree of the crime committed (Albenese 2012). Therefore, this sentence must be abolished since it contravenes constitutional and religious declarations. Secondly, all suspects are presumed to be innocent until the court proves otherwise using the evidence presented before it. However, sometimes, defense lawyers fail to present sufficient evidence to prove their clients are innocent. On the other hand, the petitioners present evidence that links the suspect with the alleged criminal activities (Goodheart 2011). However, no matter the turn of events, sometimes, court rulings are reversed long after the concerned suspects have served long terms in jail. This occurs when there is a new evidence to prove that the suspect never committed the crime or there was no adequate evidence to subject the criminal to corporal punishment. However, death penalties do not give courts opportunities to reverse their rulings since the suspects are usually already dead. Thirdly, there are other alternatives t
Introduction United Nations High Commission for Human Rights says that “playing is an important part of a child that should be recognized as a right of every child” (1989, np ). This right is however contested by the issues of child labor and mistreatment practices. Not all children are privileged to the right of play and some of these children are not enjoying the full benefits of this right to the maximum. This is forcing the children grow up too quickly missing out on the benefits that playing has to offer and limiting their ability of developing their own personal unique potential UNCHR (1989) notes “playing develops the cognitive, social and emotional well being of the child and the parents as well.” In some cases, play in a child’s life may not be preparing them for their future social life; it may be the way by which a child actively takes part in social life and negotiating relationships (Strandell 2000, 155). Social development Social development is an important aspect of a child’s healthful progress in life. Child development on the other hand describes the biological and psychological changes that take place in an individual between birth and the end of adolescence. The foundation of a child’s social development determines whether the child will be able to form nourishing relationships and assimilate into social situations with ease when they are adults. A child begins to develop socially when it first and foremost interacts with its parents. The parents are supposed to give and show their child love and paying attention to their needs as these are the building blocks in social development that will help the child grow into a content, self-assured and socially healthy person (Dwase, 2008) Stages of social development Social development of children does not happen overnight, there are different stages that the child goes through so as to develop socially among peers and other people around them. These stages are the building blocks of how one will interact with other people socially as an adult. Parents and care givers therefore are to pay close attention to how their children are developing socially as this will determine how the child will interact socially as an adult. The stages of child development are; trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion. During these stages the person develops differently learning how to fit in with different people and how to interact with these different people. This paper will focus on how playing affects the child social development as a child and as an adult. Childhood friends give children more than just a playmate, learning to make friends and maintaining them are crucial aspects of a child’s development skills that help them not only in their personal lives but also in their professi
Introduction A counselor is one of the most respected persons in our societies and for this reason, it is imperative that he also accords himself or herself the value. As a counselor, I am obliged to take heed of some social and cultural norms as a way of empowering my career and helping other people with their social problems. This paper highlights a few strategies of enhancing my proficiency and competence as a counselor in a bid to have an upper hand in the crowded field of counseling. Body I see myself being a competent counselor in a number of ways. For instance, my flexibility in responses can play an imperative role in accommodating all the unique demands of my clients. As a competent counselor, I very well understand the importance of applying a wide range of conversational reactions depending on unique demands of the situation. My magic concepts during a counseling session are comprehensive reflections on the subject matter, focus, summarization, problem-solution and self-disclosure. I understand that counselors who ovoid using these strategies during a counseling session are bound to make irrational decisions hence causing dissatisfaction on the part of their clients. Subsequently, other traits that can enhance my specialty and competence in counseling are my hypothesis and assessment skills. I am able to internalize my client’s problems and make substantive analysis before visualizing the situation in order to come up with a gainful conclusion and advice. I am capable of compiling all the pieces of information obtained during a counseling session so as to come up with a meaningful comprehension of the situation. My observation skills help a lot in finding long-term solutions to the problems of my counselees. I not only understand the need of my clients but I am also conscious of the intended impact I need to impart on my clients. From the reactions of my clients, I am able to comprehend their meanings so as to put myself in a better position of moderating my intervention styles to suit the situation. As a proficient counselor, I am aware of my confines and uphold my personal care. I prioritize my spiritual well-being lest I risk diminishing the other counselor competencies I already embrace (Jungers, & Gregoire, 2012). Despite my eloquence as a counselor, I am faced with some blind spots that retard my thirst of becoming an exemplary counselor. Occasional low self esteem has been my major problem as far as counseling is concerned. I need to improve on my confidence in handling issues especially during occasions when solutions are hard to reach. There are some technical situations that make me doubt my capability to evaluate them comprehensively. However, with continued intervention in cases that need counseling, I can enhance my experience and scope of thinking hence making me more suitable for handling complex situations. Additionally, I have some sort of individualism that makes me more inclined to finding solutions to my own problems than helping others solve their own. In some occasions, I view situations with the ‘I’ perspective instead of the ‘we’ or ‘you’ perspective. In order to enhance my competence in counseling, I
Outline This essay examines the influence of African Diaspora in the global political, social and economic spheres and the concept of Pan-Africanism and its future prognosis. The essay develops the argument by first carrying out a historical overview to explain the origins of the African Diaspora as a direct manifestation of the Colonial slave trade as also explain the theoretical aspects of what constitutes a Diaspora. Next, the difficulties of integration of the African Diasporas in their host nations are explained and how that is linked with difficulties in integrating with their African brethren in their ancestral homelands. The essay then explains the linkages of cultural factors that have an emotional appeal for the Diasporas as also the Socio-economic factors that prevailed over for most Diasporas to remain in their host countries and not return to Africa. The decision to remain in their host nations manifests in a proactive ability to send remittances to their impoverished brethren, here the essay explains how the remittances from the African Diaspora have served to improve the basic amenities in Africa. The issue of political activism is then explained stating emphatically that it was the unstinted efforts of the African Diasporas that helped African countries in shaking off the shackles of colonialism. Pan-Africanism is examined in detail to state that the movement was very active in the initial years up to the 1990s but declined thereon. The essay concludes by stating that the African Diaspora had played a significant role in uplifting the lives of their people the world over. However, with the passage of time, the feeling of kinship was diminishing as younger generations is becoming more and more assimilated into their host nation’s culture and way of life. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines Diaspora as a “movement, migration of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland (Merriam-Webster)”. Amongst all the communities that have faced movement and migration, perhaps none have suffered the privations in the scope and numbers as the African community that throughout the colonial period saw their brethren being shipped off to foreign lands to work as slaves and forced labor. With the passage of time, abolishment of slavery and affirmation of human rights, these dislocated populations gained their economic and political freedoms in some measures and became important rallying voices that had their effect on the politics and policies of their nations. Within this narrative, the roots of the community remained dormant and the African Diaspora began influencing events and policies beyond their adopted homelands into the continent of their origin. This essay examines the influence of the Diaspora in the global political, social and economic spheres and the concept of Pan-Africanism and
One of the most peculiar aspects of a post-industrial living is that, as of today, just about every socially prominent politician in the West considers itself an ‘expert on human rights’ and refers the concept of human rights, as such that represents an objective truth-value. Partially, this can be explained by the fact that the classical definitions of human rights suggest the concept’s perceptual and implicational universality, which in turn implies that one’s endowment with a particular ‘human right’ should not be substantiated rationally, but rather ‘felt’ emotionally. As Cranston (1973, p. 36) pointed out, “A human right by definition is a universal moral right… something of which no one may be deprived without a grave affront to justice, something which is owing to every human being simply because he is human”. In fact, the belief that all humans are equally entitled to certain rights, within the society, served as a discursive foundation for the introduction of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the U.N., according to which, “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood” (UDHR 1948, Article 1). Nevertheless, even though that nowadays the concept of ‘human rights’ is being commonly discussed, as such that applies to all people, regardless of what happened to be the specifics of their ethno-cultural affiliation and their varying ability to act as the agents of progress, this is far from being the actual case. After all, it is not only that throughout the course of history, the concept of human rights has been referred to, as such that applies to only certain groups of individuals, but that the objective socio-political realities create dialectical prerequisites for this concept to be used by Western countries to justify their continual geopolitical domination in the world. This is exactly the reason why, as of today, we usually get to hear of people’s ‘human rights’ being abused, within the context of how Western countries (particularly the U.S.) go about rationalizing their decisions to resort to a military intervention, as the mean of ‘defending democracy’ in the de facto sovereign states. Therefore, there is nothing too surprising about the fact that, even t
Introduction Herman Melville’s novella Billy Budd, Sailor , represents a variety of societal, moral, and philosophical issues. For that reason, it was met by critics with a great level of success, when it was first introduced to the public (Floyd 28). However, some issues that Melville touches in his work were spared a detailed analysis that this novella deserves. Among the issues addressed by the author, there is the problem of capital punishment and the interpretations of its rejection or justification. One of the reasons for the triumph of Billy Budd, Sailor in America and the United Kingdom, was the precision, with which the author portrayed the historical and cultural context, particularly Melville analyzed both issues contemporary to him and problems that are always tangible for humankind (Floyd 28). According to Franklin, the question of capital punishment was in the center of public debate when the book was written (338). Given that fact, the author addresses those discussions and philosophical implications of the problem of capital punishment, and on the basis of them creates his own universal perspective of this problem. Thus, Melville depicts the problems of how people justify capital punishment as a question of conflict between rational and poetic outlook though the symbolism of relationships between the characters of Billy Budd, Sailor . Although the era of economic development and societal change demands rationalization and manifests the priory of justice over mercy, through the events happened to Billy Budd, Melville tries to explain that irrational and poetic side of the human nature could not be ignored because the pure reason cannot possibly anticipate all the nuances of each particular case and the price of mistake in such cases is too high. The conflict between rational and poetic sides of human nature One of the major arguments regarding the need not only for justice but also for mercy comes from the philosophical framework inherent in the text. It is mainly based on the interpretation of the personalities’ confrontation in the novella. According to Franklin, it concerns the opposition between two facets of human nature (Franklin 341). That opposition is represented by the rational side that incorporates justice and strict following the law and the aesthetic, irrational side manifesting itself in ethics, natural morals, and mercy. The three characters that stand in opposition to each other are Billy Budd, Claggart, and Capitan Vere. The former two characters represent the extremes of those two human features – Billy Budd is the embodiment of the poetic side of a human being, and Claggart adheres to following the rules to the stereotypical extent. At the same time, it is also important to note that Capitan Vere is somewhere in the middle. Naturally, Billy Budd, with all his passion, symbolizes the irrational, emotional, and poetic sides of personality for the reason that he is an adve
Stokeleigh Camp is an Iron Age promontory hillfort situated in North Somerset in the Great Britain. The camp occupies approximately three hectares of land. It is one of the three major fortifications of Iron Age, which overlook the Avon George. The other two fortifications are the Clifton Camp, positioned on the opposite side of the gorge next to Observatory and Burwalls, which are located to the south of the Nightingale (Muir & Welfare 1983, p. 41). The Stokeleigh Camp, an Iron Age promontory hillfort, is believed to have been developed in the late Bronze Age. However, the actual development process was completed in the early Iron Age. It is not clear why the Stokeleigh Camp and other fortifications were developed in Britain. The subject has raised a lot of debate and it remains one of the most controversial issues in the field of archaeology (Thomas 1976, p. 4). Some archaeologists argue that the fortifications could have been established as military sites during the time in which Britain was experiencing several wars. The sites could have been built by the invaders or the by the Briton militants who were protecting the rising England population against military invasions (Muir & Welfare 1983, p. 42). History of the Site Most of the archaeologists feel that the development of the Stokeleigh Camp came as a result of the discovery and the increased use of iron in England, which in turn led to enormous social changes within the region. There were deposits