ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Interview Describe your previous job. I worked as a manager at a consultancy company. I communicated with customers and completed several reports. How long did you work there? I worked there for about three years. What were the reasons for leaving the job? I had to work late hours and I have a small daughter. The salary was not high enough and I could not afford a babysitter. Was there any negotiation? I talked about my problem with my supervisor several times. I asked to raise my salary or I was ready to work for the same money but I wanted to leave the office on time. Eventually, I said I would quit and no one even tried to negotiate with me. I could stay if they could make the working conditions better for me. I think this was quite an emotional decision as I was dissatisfied with my bosses’ reaction. Retention Initiatives It is necessary to note that retention initiatives play an important role as they help make employees more motivated (Heneman & Judge, 2009). For instance, Finnegan (2010) stresses that it is much more efficient to invest in internal employees’ development rather than hire employees from outside. Retention initiatives often diminish the negative effects of the flaws existing in the company’s human resources management. Job satisfaction leads to a higher rate of retention (Cascio & Boudreau, 2010). Cascio and Boudreau (2010) note that raising salaries is one of the effective retention initiatives. This initiative could be effective in the present case as the employee was ready to work as soon as she could pay for a babysitter. However, the salary increase is not the only possible initiative that could be effective. Thus, it is important to estimate the effectiveness of each employee and evaluate his/her contribution. Therefore, the company should have evaluated the employee’s performance. If the performance had been appropriate, top management could have considered decreasing the workload in that particular case. The employee was committed to working hard, but she had some quit
Introduction To be successful, marketing managers must concentrate on understanding their consumers’ wants and needs in a clear and concise manner. Marketers must strive to understand their consumers’ behaviour when it comes to consumption of their services. This knowledge will enable marketers in the hospitality industry to develop sophisticated marketing programs when targeting specific markets. Understanding why consumers behave like they do is the most complex challenge facing post-modern hospitality managers. Two fundamental ideas form the basis of consumer behaviour studies, they are; that consumer behaviour is rational and predictable; and that hospitality marketers can influence consumer behaviour. Although consumer behaviour may appear very irrational from the outside, it is indeed very rational to the buyer while making a decision to purchase (Reid & Bojanic 2009). Consumers consider several factors before deciding on making a purchase, wherein these factors comprise the process in which a consumer does during decision-making purchases (Kassarjian 1977). An example is that when a product is up for purchase in the market and only one brand is available, an individual will decide on buying the item without taking into account other phases of the decision-making process. Items that are more expensive than regular items have a tendency to present a higher risk rate, thus individuals are more careful in buying such items. Such instances enable consumers to process serious decision-making deliberation as they must consider several factors first before deciding on a purchase (Hsee, Yang, Yangjie & Chen 2009). Post-modern hospitality or the hotel and service industry provides a certain degree of complexity towards its consumers, as the business of managing hotels are engaged in two phases: There are promotional packages intended for holiday or seasonal events that consists of various products that are sold in one deal, like bundles of hotel accommodation and meals throughout the visitor’s stay. Such promotional deals can also encompass tours of local attractions and transportation to other destinations within the area; there are also items and services that can be sold to consumers individually, such as flights or air tickets (Lee, Barker & Kandampully 2003). Consumer Choice Process Studies pertaining to buyer behaviour highlights the premise on the manner in which people are engaged as to how they spend their time, money and efforts, on various items and services they are interested in buying (Hawkins, Best & Coney 2003). Buyer behaviour can be examined through different perspectives, wherein some imply that the manner how an individual acts would determine the type of decisions they will make upon making or disposing items or services (Alba 1987). Buyer behaviour is also regarded as the common point in which one’s behaviour, change and the external environment one is in diverge, in which most individuals rely on in considering purchasing decisions. People’s decision-making process is genera
Introduction Sociology of sport is a sub-discipline of sociology. It explores the relationship between sport and society. It fully analyzes how culture and values influence sports and similarly how sports affect culture and values. The relationship between sport, gender, race, youth, economy, media, children, and politics is studied. It further discusses how sports can address social unfairness, social movement, ethnic inequality, and disability. Sports and Gender Sports and gender largely cover how gender has contributed to the development of sports round the world. This has been gradual, taken time, and has been shaped by very many events over time. Originally, women were excluded from participating in sports. However, it was introduced through colleges. A particular sporting activity, especially basketball, was so controversial and considered a reserve for men. In fact, until the Second World War, basketball, track, and field events were still regarded masculine and therefore women were not allowed to participate. Sport and gender underscore a great change that has taken place. It is noted that there has been a gradual increase in women participation in sports. Sports and the media The sports regarded as masculine receive more media attention. Football, basketball, extreme sports, and boxing are some of the men sports that are largely covered. Women sporting events covered include volleyball, swimming, and skiing. Women are expected to take part in less aggressive activities when are men are supposed to be combative. Sports and gender identity Sport and gender identity looks at how the sport is structured. There are sports considered masculine and others are considered feminine. Conflict of identity is created when men take part in feminine sports. Similarly, women taking part in events considered masculine are labeled tomboys. This shows that sports encourage gender separation because it differentiates the roles of childhood. Commercialization of sports The evolvement of sport into a business industry is evaluated under commercialization of sport. The question here is whether the stakeholders benefit equally from the income earned from sporting activities. Commercialization of sport I choose to evaluate the commercialization of sports. The issue has become the modern-day discussion debate in sports. Two articles talk about this topic. Imaad Asad and Thom Convoy are some of the scholars that talk about the topic. Imaad Asad. Imaad Asad starts by stating that a commercial price is attached to any sport since the ea
Introduction Risk management programs play a major role in reducing accidents and injuries in health care organizations. As well, such programs minimize organization’s exposure to lawsuits. Health care organizations should have risk management programs to identify potential risks to staff and patients (Youngberg, 2010). A good example of a risk management program is a monitoring system to gather relevant information. The gathered information can help improve treatment and patient care practices. The provided “YouTube” videos offer ideas that can help increase safety and risk management in health care organizations. Central Idea in the First Video The central idea in the first video is keeping children safe in health care organizations (ASHRMVideos, 2012). The video explains how the Children’s National Medical Center (CNMC) provides the best safety measures to its patients and staff. As well, the video stresses that safety is the obligation of every person. This is the case because it takes every person to keep children and other people safe. According to the video, all nurses, physicians, and caregivers in health care organizations should work as a team to keep children and staff safe (Brannan & Taylor, 2006). Central Idea in the Second Video The central idea in the second video is that “healthcare reform in the United States is uncertain (ASHRM, 2012)”. The video goes further to explain how the American Society for Healthcare Risk Management (ASHRM) is dedicated to risk management in American healthcare organizations. The outstanding idea in the video is ensuring all organizational leaders and nurses enhance patient safety. This is the best approach towards “getting to zero through the power of one (ASHRM, 2012)”. Nurses and physicians can work together to attain patient safety. The video goes further to explain the importance of using procedures and policies to provide proper care to patients. Nurses should be the voice of the patients. Health care providers should involve their patients through proper communication because it is an ethical thing to do (Youngberg, 2010). Type of Healthcare Workers Targeted by the Videos The videos target different healthcare workers. The first video targets nurses and physicians in providing safety measures to children in health care organizations. The workers can play a significant role in ensuring healthcare organizations provide safety measures to children and staff. The second video targets nurses and organizational le
Introduction Saint Teresa was a mystic Christian and Carmelite nun. Saint Teresa composed a book known as an Interior Castle, which was a spiritual guide on how people should seek unification with God. Saint Teresa came from Avila and was born in 1515 and died in 1582. Saint Teresa talked about a crystal globe that contained seven mansions, with Almighty God residing in the inner mansion. Saint Teresa inferred this revelation as an allegory for the relation of the human soul with the divine being (God). Every mansion signified each room on a lane toward the relationship (spiritual marriage) with the divine being (God). The human being had to involve in meditation and prayer from the initial room. Saint Teresa examined the conflict, which Satan put in different rooms. The devil endeavored to hinder believers to unite with God. Saint Teresa provided counseling and encouragement for spiritual progress. Apart from spiritual nourishment, the Interior Castle provided literary value as a section of Spanish renaissance text. Background Information about Saint Teresa Saint Teresa resided at Avila province in Spain. Saint Teresa’s grandmother, Juan de Toledo, became a Christian convert from the Jewish community. The Spanish Inquisition prosecuted Juan de Toledo for abandoning the Jewish faith. Teresa’s father, Sanche de Cepeda, purchased a knighthood and victoriously incorporated it into a Christian community. Beatriz, Teresa’s mother wanted to raise her child as a devoted Christian believer. Teresa became interested to live like devoted earlier saints. Eventually, Teresa and Rodrigo (her brother) abandoned their family to seek martyrdom. Teresa became sick in the Cloister where she lived with the Moors who practiced martyrdom. Teresa experienced religious ecstasy. Teresa used many inspirational books to nourish her spiritual conscience. Such devotional books enabled Teresa to experience mystical ascetic. The religious ecstasy marked the best encounter experience with God. Teresa witnessed the ascetic and enriched gift of tears in the final stage. Teresa comprehended the horror of sin that separated human relationship with God. Teresa realized the significance of trusting God. In 1556, many friends claimed that Teresa’s new insight was not divine, but a diabolical. However, Teresa’s confessor (Father Borgia Francis) declared that Teresa experienced divine inspiration. Teresa felt tortures in her body. In 1559, Teresa realized that Christ invisibly mystified himself in her body. These visions remained in Teresa’s body for two years that caused bodily pain. Such an experience became an inspiration of Teresa’s life. The inspiration encouraged Teresa to emulate Jesus’ suffering. Summary and Themes of the Book Saint Teresa wrote the book, the Interior Castle, in 1577. Teresa composed the book as a guide for spiritual advancement through prayers and service. Teresa became motivated by her revelation of the soul,
Introduction Kyoto Protocol gives guidelines in reducing and tackling the severe impacts of climate change. The Protocol derives its parties from the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Protocol aims to reduce, commit, implement, account, report, and review and enforce compliance concerning the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Further to emission targets, some guidelines affect all Parties. These include improving the quality of data on emissions, mitigation, use of an environmentally friendly technology, cooperation among researchers, and supporting training, capacity building, education, and public awareness regarding climate change. This essay shall use a registered CDM project called Amazon Carbon Swine Waste Management System Project 02 to analyze some of the issues regarding carbon credit. Who are the parties involved? The host country of this project was Brazil. Likewise, there was also a private entity involved in this project, Amazon Carbon S/S Ltda . The project covered four States in Brazilian with several farms of considerable swine populations. This is because of the cost and benefit advantages. Describe the project The project is in Brazil farms covering four States, namely Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso, Goias, and Santa Catarina. The project used an approved baseline methodology of AMS-III.D “ Methane Recovery in agricultural and agro-industrial activities ” version 13. This was a small-scale project activity that aimed at recovering methane from manure and wastes from agricultural or agro-industrial activities. These materials decay anaerobically in the absence of the project to emit GHG. Through installing methane recovery and combustion system, or introducing new management practices of biogenic materials enhance controlled anaerobic consumption suitable for methane combustion and recovery system. The project meets requirements of the methodology III.D that requires that the team handles the sludge aerobically and applies all technical measures in the processes to ensure full usage or flare of the resultant biogas. Amazon Carbon started a sustainable program that aimed at increasing animal waste management systems, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) production, and changing the living status of people living around the project zones of 09 swine farms. The project had the purpose of reducing GHG emissions from swine waste and improving sustainable development in the area. The project aimed at replacing the existing swine waste management system with a low GHG emission system. Currently, the existing systems resulted in higher emission of GHG than the proposed project. The project enhanced the existing system by using an anaerobic digester that trapped and burnt methane in a controlled and economical manner. The project proposed to ru
Introduction There were two important cases when it comes to African Americans and their struggle for equality in America. These two cases help establish the fact that African Americans are not second-class citizens. Although it is common knowledge that all men are free, in practice it was hard for many white people in the South to co-exist with blacks. Their dislike, as well as fear towards them, led the way for segregation and discrimination. The decision of the court in the two cases changed the course of American history. Plessy vs. Ferguson and Brown vs. Board of Education made a significant impact when it came to the civil rights movement. These two cases changed the lives not only of African Americans but every single person who considers the United States their home and their country. Overview African Americans are the descendants of African slaves who came to this country through the slave trade. European slave traders sold them like cattle in the slave market. From Africa, they came to America. It was the Southern States like Louisiana, Delaware, and Virginia that benefited from the slave trade. This is because their economy depended on slave labor. Without the slaves, the large farmland in the South would have been impossible or very difficult to farm and manage. Before the coming of the Industrial Age and the rapid development of technology, farming was done by hand. It was impossible to farm the South without manual labor. Thus, for a very long time, slavery became a way of life in the South. Slaves began to adjust to their new homes and their population began to increase. The slave masters on the other hand learned to manage the slaves and they were never bothered by the fact that they are treating humans as if they were animals. The white men and women living in the South became used to the idea that they have servants who will serve them from sunrise up to sunset. Slaves are already a part of their lives and they would do everything so that they will continue to live in comfort and prosperity. Not all Americans are in agreement with the South regarding slavery. When Lincoln became president it became clear that the Federal government will do everything in its power to reduce slavery in the United States. The areas in the South that were affected by the new administration’s policies decided to break away from the Union. This is the cause of the Civil War of 1861. The Southern States were defeated by the superior forces of the Federal government but the Southern States suffered from the effects of the war. Places like Louisiana, Virginia, South Carolina and Mississippi suffered economic problems and most of it is due to the fact that they no longer have Negro slaves to work on the farms. Even before the victory of the Federal government and the Union army, there were already rumors that the slaves will take vengeance on their former masters. The white population in these Southern States became fearful of their lives and so after the Civil War they were forced to create groups like the
Ethics is one of the integral parts of the functioning of our society. It determines approaches to different activities and their outcomes. Moreover, it could also serve as one of the moving forces of the evolution of humanity as it impacts individuals mentalities and contributes to the appearance of new perspectives on some traditional issues. The modern world is characterized by the rise of the humanistic approach, and this fact preconditions the shift of priorities towards the interests of a certain individual and satisfaction of his/her basic needs. For this reason, the alteration of the code of ethics peculiar to the different spheres of human activity could be observed today. Besides, in the article New responsibilities when making referrals the above-mentioned shift of priorities and focus on individuals are discussed. The paper delves into the peculiarities of the modern counseling field. It outlines the most important changes peculiar to the revised ACA Code of Ethics and states that the evolution from a focus on the needs of the counselor to the needs of clients could be observed (“New responsibilities when making referrals,” n.d.). It means that now counselors have to work with clients in a way that satisfies both sides. For instance, in case a counselor feels any discomfort when communicating with a person, he/she should manage it through consultation, supervision, and additional education (“New responsibilities when making referrals,” n.d.). The given approach will have a great impact on the cooperation between counselors and clients. Because the needs of clients are more important at the moment, we could state the significant increase in the efficiency of the whole process and improved outcomes. In this regard, the skill of bracketing also becomes crucial. The paper states that a counselor’s ability to take his/her values, perspectives, and beliefs aside becomes crucial for the given intercourse (“New responsibilities when making referrals,” n.d.). However, he/she should not alter or abandon them. On the contrary, they should remain topical. Thus, communicating with a client, a counselor should be able not to let these aspects impact the client and his/her results. Additionally, the increased importance of ethics also preconditions the unique role of competence. It is inexcusable to discriminate against a client because of the lack of competence, knowledge, or other values important for any counselor. The paper emphasizes the fact that “clients never need to experience the discrimination and abandonment of a referra
Introduction Economy and Demographics of the UAE MOIA (1) explored that the UAE has demonstrated skyscraping growth connecting its GDP per capita income almost similar to the European leading economy while the oil sector is the prime contributor of economy; however, this country has a population of 4.4 million with a growth rate of 1.52 percent and 0.66% migration rate per annum accounted in 2006. The key features of the demography of the UAE include–   * Here, 75% people are 15-64 years of age group, about 20% people are 14 years and less age group, and about 1% people are older than 65 years;   * The life expectancy range is 75.7 years in average;   * The country has an alarming mail female ratio, such as, for 3 million male there are 1.4 million females;   * The major feature of the demography is that there are 20% people local inhabitants, 60% people are migrated from South Asia, and rest 20% people have settled from different Arab states;   * According to the constitution, UAE is an Islamic country, and 86% people are Muslim, and 14% citizens are other ethic group; among the Muslims, 85% people are Sunni, and 15% inhabitants are Shia (Library of Congress 5-6). However, the following figures show the GDP per capita income and population of the UAE for the last five years – Figure 1: GDP per capita income of the UAE Source: Indexmundi (1) Figure 2: Population of the UAE Source: Indexmundi (1) Comparison between the Concurrent and Past of UAE The World Economic Forum argued that the concurrent UAE has been going through an extremely higher economic growth due to rising oil prices along with vigorous expansion of the housing and real estate markets and the country evidenced a standard growth of GDP over 7% per annum during 2000-2007; however, it has recorded 65% GDP growth in 2008 (WEF 4). At the seventy years back, the modern Emirates were different several states under Britain general treaty of peace while the nations were under control of two tribal groups, such as, Qawasim and Bani Yas; however, the people of that time lived on agricultural and pastoral along with robbing on the foreign ships. The overall economy of this region was very distressed until the oil resources were discovered and the traditional form of Arab monarchy continued until independence. Importance of the Factors of the Socioeconomic Development in UAE The Economist reported that the Arab world is under serious threats for Labialization and democracy, the wave of Arab Spring has been spreading out from one county to another, some of the Emirates are afraid with the growing violence and peoples movement, which may abolish the traditional Arab monarchy in UAE replacing by democracy at any moment (The Economist 1). To mitigate such risk, the government of UAE necessitates introducing appropriate economic development policy, which would be capabl