ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Motivation More universities are integrating e-learning and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools with their curriculum. Despite the lasting association of traditional teaching methods with colleges and universities, the change switch e-learning and ICT based teaching has been rapid. E-learning and ICT based teaching has experienced tremendous growth in the education industry. Even though e-learning and ICT based teaching approaches will offer a more flexible and apparently convenient method of teaching, the speed at which the trend has been embraced across the education industry calls for a deeper investigation of the benefits of integrating e-learning and ICT based teaching with academic curricula. This research is influenced by the need to understand the influence of other contributing factors on the acceptance of e-learning and ICT based teaching methods. Research Question The aim of this research is to identify the factors influencing the increasing acceptance of e-learning and ICT based teaching. The proposed study will try to respond find out why more universities are switching to e-learning. A response to this question will be developed by integrating data from primary and secondary sources. The secondary data will be derived through a literature review. The literature review will focus on previous studies that focus on the rationale behind the integration of ICT tools in the education industry. The primary data will be derived from interview sessions with members of academic institutions (school administrators) to identify their perception of the rationality of including ICT tools in education. The conclusion section of this study presents the expected contribution of this research. Literature Review Various studies have analysed the advantages of e-learning. One important advantage of e-learning is that it helps students to access digital information successfully and efficiently. E-learning has served as a tool for learners to identify learning subjects, resolve problems, and proffer answers to problems in the learning procedure (Glazewski & Hew, 2008). E-Learning increases the ease with which knowledge is acquired, while involving learners in the use of ICT. Research has shown that self-learning has a positive impact on students’ academic and professional performance (Wells, 2007). E-learning supports self-directed and student-cantered learning because it increases students’ engagement in the practical application of computers (Castro Sanchez & Aleman, 2011). Students are able to develop new knowledge by retrieving, choosing, establishing, and understanding data and information. E-learning increases students’ ability to obtain data from different sources and critically access the quality of the vast learning resources available. Students’ productivity has also been associated with their learning environment (Harnish & Reeves, 2000). ICT tools contribute to creating a conducive and imaginative learning envi
The ongoing war on drugs in the US has been criticized as some of the most expensive and ineffective policies to have ever shaped society. It causes disproportionate incarceration of blacks, Hispanics, and minorities, overcrowds prisoners, results in extended jailing expenditures, and does not seem to have any effect on drug-related crimes (Michelle, 2012). Moreover, it often serves as a gateway to becoming full-fledged criminals, as individuals whose lives are ruined by prolonged incarceration have difficulty reintegrating into society (Michelle, 2012). While the US justice system has been primarily geared towards punishment and retribution, its paradigm is what the US stands for as a Christian nation. McQuilkin and Copan (2013) discuss that, in accordance with the example set by Jesus Christ, society should not shun people but reintegrate them. Let him who is without sin cast the first stone, the saying goes. As such, incarceration for minor crimes like drug possession is disproportionate punishment, akin to stoning a person for adultery. There are ways to deal with individuals found guilty of drug possession and other minor crimes that do not have to involve incarceration and jail time. The first solution is the decriminalization of drugs altogether, but that solution comes with various pitfalls (Koh, Kerlikowske, and Botticelli, 2018). A simpler and much cheaper measure is to sentence guilty individuals to paid public labor (Koh, Kerlikowske, and Botticelli, 2018). Not only will it allow people to acquire basic skills and help better society, but it will also provide them with some money to help start their lives anew. Finally, in the case of clinically addicted individuals, forced rehabilitation would be a preferable alternative to imprisonment (Koh, Kerlikowske, and Botticelli, 2018). The war on drugs needs to end, as it has long since become a war on US citizens, especially minorities.
Introduction Religion has for many years thought to be one of the main causes of wars in the world today. There are various religions in the world, which normally drive people into war. Due to the diverse philosophic dimensions, many religions get into war based on differences in their religious backgrounds. In the past, people killed each other because of spiritual differences among other arenas of differing. Actually, civilization has helped a lot in solving the problems that lead people into war. Although war is a natural thing, which occurs in the presence of humanity, the maintenance of ethical and moral values is of great significance. This is because they help in preventing the loss of life as well as maintaining peace in the universe. This paper will therefore explore the religious values that are evident in war and peace. The religious values in War and Peace There are three religious views about war known to date. The first ideology is the pacifist view, which states that any form of violence, which might cause physical harm to a fellow human being, is unethical and inhuman. Secondly, there is the just war belief. The argument under just war states that the pursuance of wars occurs with the highest interest of justice. In addition, this view also stresses on war fought according to just rules. Thirdly, there is also a belief in just war. The principle behind this view follows that the Supreme Being is responsible for commanding his people to fight the holy war. The problem with this view is that all those people who do not follow religion are enemies (Dicken 121). There are many religions around the world, which hold diverse views on the issues of war. Islam being the largest religion on earth has many ideas concerning war. In the first place, Islam means having to submit an individual’s will to the Supreme Being (Allah). Islam’s views of war get support through the struggle and fight under the will of God. In fact, Islam is the only religion, which comes up with the ideas about the Holy War. Therefore, the duty of the Muslims is to fight under the will of God. The Muslims believe that anybody breaking the will of God deserves severe punishment. They do also believe that anybody who dies in war shall enter the kingdom of God without any passage (Hertog 56). Despite the fact that Muslims fight for the Holy war, according to the commandments of Allah their God, it is unethical to kill a fellow human being especially in the event that one is proclaiming to follow God’s word. Emphasis of moral values is thus essential in order to ensure that no killing occurs because of war. At the same time, non-violent behavior should be overemphasized to stop people from killing each other. Moral behavior entails the engagement of non-violence and preserving religious morals in the society. Religious laws deserve corrections in a manner that just war does not prevail under any form of seeking justice. Conflicts
The Indian independence movement is now widely studied by historians and political scientists who attempt to understand how and why various groups managed to reduce and eventually eliminate the dominance of the British rule. This paper is aimed at examining the way in which independent statehood was won for this country. It is necessary to focus on the role played by different social classes and interest groups that could undermine the efficiency of the colonial rule. Furthermore, one should focus on the relationship between various religious beliefs and groups and the nature political resistance in India. On the whole, it is possible to argue that Indian independence movement was represented by peasants, intellectuals, and commercial classes who could undermine the efficiency of colonial bureaucracies and decrease the economic performance of this regime. Furthermore, the use of non-violent strategy helped the protesters to ensure the legitimacy of their opposition to the colonial rule. These are the main issues that should be examined more closely. First of all, one should pay attention to the interest groups that supported the idea of Indian independence. Much attention should be paid to the commercial classes of this country because they ‘felt themselves cramped by the connection with England’ (Moore 371). They believed that they could not receive the adequate compensation for the goods that they produced. In their opinion, the British rule threatened the sustainability of many businesses. So, they were not motivated to accept this political regime. Furthermore, the idea of Indian independence was supported by peasants who did not want to be completely on land elites (Moore 371). They were forced to seek alternatives to the colonial regime. Finally, it is important to speak about intellectuals. Certainly Western culture appealed to many of these people; however, they also believed that they had been unrepresented in the political life of their country. Among them, one can distinguish lawyers, civil servants, or teachers. These examples are important for showing that the struggle for independence was of a great importance to many layers of the population. Admittedly, for some people, the idea of British rule was quite acceptable. In particular, one can speak about the representatives of landed elites and bureaucracies. However, they did not represent the majority of population. By looking at these opposing sides, one can say that the supporters of the Indian independence movement had virtually no incentive to tolerate the presence of the colonial government. These people were able to oppose the colonial government in several ways. For instance, they
Firstly, evidence-based practice implies a combination of the knowledge gained via practical experience and scientific research, and these matters define the selection of the applicable treatment (Stout & Hayes, 2004). This approach ensures the understanding of the concept while applying the tested principles to provide a high quality of healthcare and increase the effectiveness of the treatment and patient satisfaction. In this case, the prevention strategies of pressure ulcers based on the EBP are used as an example. It remains apparent that the theoretical principles state that ulcers can be reduced by minimizing the volumes of pressure that the body experiences while being immobile (Health Quality Ontario, 2009). This aspect implies that the position of a patient has to be changed to decrease the percentage of the pressure ulcer’s occurrence. Nevertheless, the evidence-based practice reveals that specialized mattresses can be used as an alternative due to their effectiveness and convenience (Health Quality Ontario, 2009). The application of this strategy is beneficial for the health condition of a patient, medical personnel (less working hours), and the overall high quality of healthcare. In the end, the evidence-based practice implies that each patient requires an individual approach, as the turning schedule might not be applicable for all of the patients while the specialized mattresses decrease the occurrence of this medical phenomenon. Nonetheless, further research is vital to finalize the appropriateness of the mattress as a prevention strategy, as the practices have limitations and cannot be applied to every patient. The second example is related to the utilization of Foley catheters while relying on the EBP to eliminate the infections and determine its effectiveness in the context of the pressure ulcers prevention strategies. Foley catheter is a medical instrument, which is used to minimize urinary retention and to decrease the occurrence and possibility of pressure ulcers (Mody, Saint, Galecki, Chen, & Krein, 2010). Nonetheless, the usage of this approach is often associated o with urinary infections due to the lack of theoretical and practical knowledge among personnel (Mody et al., 2010). The scientific research implies that Foley catheters could be regarded as a part of ulcer prevention therapy while it has to be maintained clean to avoid the expansion of the infection. The nurses and other medical personnel have to comply with the safety regulations such as using antiseptics and assuring hand hygiene before and after contact with a patient (Mody et al., 2010). It could be said that the evidence-based practice underlines the importance mentioned in the theoretical prospects while highlighting the beneficial utilization of catheters to minimize urinary retention, but the presence of the advantageous influence is unclear while assessing it as
Introduction Carol Rose posted the essay On Pins and Needles Defending Artistic Expression on Boston.com on April 8, 2010. According to the site, Rose works as executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts (Rose par. 1). Therefore, she is a professional in the spheres of law and human rights. In her essay, Rose explores the legal state of tattooing as a form of artistic expression in the United States. She addresses the historical context of this skin art and the recent banning of tattooing in Massachusetts and other states. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the essay by Carol Rose including her claims and warrants. Analysis The essay by Carol Rose is posted on one of the websites owned by the Boston Globe. The articles on this site cover a wide range of themes including news, politics, sports, culture, travel, and cars. The design of the site is simple yet pleasant and features intuitive navigation. The choice of themes and general presentation of articles reminds of good old newspapers for businesspeople. The information about the authors of the articles adds to the reliability of the presented materials. In her article, Rose writes about tattooing as a form of artistic expression. She underlines the social meaning of this skin art referring to Japanese yakuza (Rose par. 3). The images etched into the skin have been an inseparable part of many cultures throughout the centuries. Rose claims, “Tattooed mummies have been found in all parts of the world, including Egypt, Libya, Asia, and South America” (par. 8). People from all over the world use their skin as an easel to create magnificent works of art that unite paint with body curves. In many countries, museums open tattoo exhibitions. An annual tattoo convention is always a popular event for professional tattooists and people fascinated by skin art. Nevertheless, recent banning of tattooing in M
An important thing that Galileo stated was that it is wrong to interpret the Bible literally. He declared that the Bible could at times be very abstruse, and only the ‘rude and learned’ would take its literal, grammatical meaning. He said that to take the Bible literally would at times be to pass the main point and even commit heresy. For example, to interpret the Bible literally would be to assign God hands and feet and also to assign him human emotions. Galileo said that those who wish to genuinely and intelligently understand the biblical passages should look for the ‘true sense of the passages.’ According to him, the Bible has kept something obscure so that it does not go beyond the mind of the ordinary perception. According to him, Nature never exceeds the rules set for it, and it is irrelevant to nature whether man understands the Bible’s abstruse laws. Newton expressed a strong belief in God, and specifically, in the later editions of his scientific work, he talked extensively about God’s ‘providential role in nature. He showed deep respect for the Bible and accepted its account of the creation. However, Newton also believed that Christianity had been corrupted in the 4 th century A.D. He was critical of the Council of Nicea and Trinitarian dogmas. He also claimed that some passages of the Testament had been corrupted. The difference here can be noted that Newton firmly believed in the Bibles account of creation literally, and otherwise, Galileo believed that just looking at the surface was not enough. According to Galileo, for an intelligent person, just exploring the surface was not enough. On the other Newton believed that Bible was absolutely and literally correct but that it had been corrupted to a certain extent.
Vaccination of children is standard health practice that is supported by medical and scientific experts and implemented in all developed countries around the world. My personal position states that vaccination should be required as a scientifically-based medical procedure which protects personal and social health. This belief is based upon a combination of examined research, analysis of differing perspectives, and logical reasoning. However, when faced with any controversial issue, it is critical to consider the sources of varying opinions and personal biases which may hinder the examination of the topic. Supporting Reasons One of the primary uses of vaccinations for children is prevention of deadly diseases. This method has been proven to be at least 90% effective and adopted as a preventive health care measure by all levels of government. The process of vaccination was and continues to be rigorously tested for its effectiveness. It is logical to adopt a low-risk method that can combat diseases which would be devastating to a child’s health since merely following rules of sanitation is much less efficient. Since the adoption of vaccines, cases of common childhood diseases began to decline rapidly based on official statistics (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d.). Another supporting reason is the presence of herd immunity that is generated by vaccines, protecting current and future generations. In order to protect a population from a disease, a vast majority must be vaccinated. This way, even if a disease appears in a host, it will not be able to spread to a vaccinated person. As the effect is compounded, the disease is eventually practically eradicated due to the inability to spread (University of Oxford, 2016). This is the reason behind government vaccination programs and existence of various measures to encourage participation in vaccination from an early age. The final argument states that vaccination provides an economic benefit for the society. Over an extended period of time, tremendous savings occur through prevention of lost productivity, death, and health care costs that are prevented by relatively inexpensive vaccines. By reaching the 90% immunization goal of the standard contemporary childhood diseases, the U.S. can receive economic benefits in the approximate range of $5.8 billion (Mirelman, Ozawa, & Grewal, 2014). This argument establishes vaccination as a social benefit that influences a country’s economic well-being. It diverts away from the discussion of scientific validity and provides concrete evidence from a completely differing perspective. Opposition and Bias One of the opposing beliefs focused on a significant amount of cases and research noting that vaccination may result in uncontrollable health reactions in children, causing serious harm or death. Thi
Summary and Discussion It should be noted that organizational effectiveness is one of the most important complex parameters of company performance. Efforts for improving efficiency are necessary for the company to survive in the market and maintain its competitive edge. Moreover, leaders who strive for enhancing organizational effectiveness can competently utilize the available resources and achieve a high-performance culture. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and discuss the article by Kataria, Rastogi, and Garg on the topic of organizational effectiveness. Review The research conducted by Kataria, Rastogi, and Garg (2013) was aimed at specifying the link between employee engagement and greater organizational effectiveness. Workers were asked about their perceptions of these two domains as applied to the companies in which they were working (Kataria et al., 2013). The research team came up with two hypotheses, which they tested during their study to either prove or invalidate their assumptions whether greater engagement resulted in better organizational outcomes. They applied structural equation modeling to measure the effect and confirm the hypotheses (Kataria et al., 2013). The article reveals that there is a direct link between employee engagement and greater organizational efficiency, which means that the more employees commit themselves to their job, the higher organizational effectiveness is. It also implies that all workers should share the values of the company and consider corporate goals more important than their personal ones. The research team has stressed the manager’s role “in understanding the psychological aspects of the workplace that may intrinsically motivate employees to invest their inclusive self in performing job duties” (Kataria et al., 2013, p. 66). It implies that, in the early stages of the hiring process, HR managers should employ the tools to identify those individuals who will potentially exhibit greater engagement levels at the workplace. This way, they will be able to select employees who initially share the corporate values of the company and will assist in achieving higher organizational effectiveness. Organizational Effectiveness and Strategic Management The insights gained from the article can aid the strategic management effort of an organization greatly. Organizational effectiveness implies making use of the existing company resources, while the human resource is one of the most important assets every company possesses (Taneja, Sewell, & Odom, 2015). Therefore, strategic management should strive not only to use the available talents but also to allow employees to evolve both personally and professionally (Kataria et al., 2013). It is the task of management to reach efficiency through appropriate planning, role distribution, and task formulation while also ensuring two-way feedback and uninterrupted communication. This approach is