ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Horse Industry represents a unique situation in the livestock industry. Since the use of horses in the world are for food as well as for non-food purposes. High-quality racehorses are saved from theft, injuries, and other diseases by commercial insurance policies. In addition to that, the reproduction side of the horse industry is highly controlled with limited use of artificial insemination and, in certain cases, registration of animals. Therefore this industry is quite unique. It deals in the private as well as the public sector. The horses are used for race purposes mainly. Racing is an entertaining and interesting business; the people relating to this industry are always keen to increase their horse abilities and ownerships and try to attract consumer interest and dollars. Moreover, it also means investigating other racing choices, such as simulating races, which involve off-track wagering. The main objective of this paper is to point out those strategies and techniques of business which can help the firms, either public or private sector, dealing with the racehorses or slaughter of horses. How can they become efficient? What policies and practices can make them work better and progress fully? If we just look at this matter, the slaughter of horses is done mainly due to the failure of those horses that run at the race. These types of horses are taken in a large number from their owners for slaughter and food supply purposes. (House of Commons Hansard Written Answers, 2002) According to Morley, “The Government has been consistent in their view that a trade-in meat is preferable to the long-distance transport of animals for slaughter” (House of Commons Hansard Written Answers, 2002). However, this subject will be taking into consideration as soon as we get a proposal from European Commission regarding animal welfare rules and regulations during transport. Unfortunately, at present, the Government has no right and control to post-ban on this business. Nonetheless, the European Commission has already been said that posting this ban on animal trade would not be count in any respect as an illegal ban. Dr. Lonnie Jones, an economist with the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and co-author of the recent study, opined that “The economic impact of the Texas horse-racing industry could jump from roughly $600 million to $800 million in annual business sales to more than $1.5 billion annually within the next few years” (House of Commons Hansard Written Answers, 2002). Problem Statement The equine industry is currently not in a very good position. There are several problems under consideration. While the horse industry is divided into the racehorse, the slaughter, the public, and the private sectors, there are still some people who are against the slaughter of horses and some who are in favor. We can never ignore the fact that in the American and European countries, horsemeat is just like the meat of buffalo, goat, sheep, pig, etc. if it is their part of the culture, then naturally, the slaughter industry has its own place. Just like the racehorse industry, both of these purposes are eq
The younger generation is extremely active in the marketplace with a higher spending capacity than their preceding generations. More commonly termed as generation Y, this group of people between the ages of 14-31 has an immense impact on the economy with the increased ability to shop. It is thus important to understand the consumption behavior of the younger generation in order to recognize the motivating factors behind their consumer behaviors. Consumer shopping behaviors indicate several key themes. Freedom and Finding Oneself Young consumers are in the maturing stage and face struggle in gaining freedom and independence from parents and friends. In the maturing stage of their life, they seek to break away from the shackles of parental authority and peer pressure by choosing products through which they can assert their freedom. The idea of “gaining freedom” occurs by making a choice to use certain products or services over others. These choices are heavily dependent on the peer pressure and the desire to fit in or be individualistic. Blend in or Stand Out The struggle to “blend in” or “stand out” reflects in consumer choice and brand preference of teenagers. While some may use a brand to “fit into” a peer group, others may want to adopt a different style to “stand out” and feel a sense of individualism. Brand personality Consumers relate to the personality projected by the brand by identifying traits consistent with their own. Consumers seek to reflect their persona through the choice of their brand. Fashion Knowledge Fashion trends dominate consumer behavior of the younger generation who like to keep up with the fashion industry by following trends of celebrities and their individual fashion idols. Value Seeking Competitive pricing is an essential driver in consumer purchase decision who tries to get the best quality at a good price. Brand Comfort Brands allow young consumers to feel a sense of security and comfort I addition to making them look acceptable to their peers. Theoretical Premise Explaining the Behaviors Socialization theory explains the rationale and motivation for consumer behavior. It helps understand how the younger generation members choose their products and learn to shop. The theory suggests that consumer socialization is the process which allows the development of “skills, knowledge and attitude” among buyers, enabling them to function “as consumers in the marketplace”. The themes of “freedom” and “finding oneself” are based on the premise of socialization theory which affirms that Generation Y seeks independence from parental influence and try to find their identities by using certain brands or products. The theory postulates that youngsters have problems creating
Africa remains to be one of the most unexamined territories of the world which has a lot of mysteries, and Africans are perceived by the global community through the perspective of many developed stereotypes. The representation of Africans which is based on the definite stereotypes is the Westerners’ approach to examination of the Africans’ cultural identity. However, it is also important to refer to the Africans’ representation of themselves in comparison with the Westerners’ vision in order to determine the issues which are really significant for the African ethnicities and which reflect the real situation on the continent. The details of the Africans’ representation of their native land and their problems can be observed with references to the movies directed by the filmmakers who have the African origin. From this point, these movies are the representations of the social and cultural issues through the eyes of the persons who are really interested in their resolving. Although such questions as the effects of colonization and racism depicted in the movies are associated with the Westerners’ discussion of the Africans’ problems, the most controversial issues which are examined by the African filmmakers and sociologists are the questions of the female circumcision, the attempts of the Africans to find the best life conditions abroad, and the problem of the Africans’ cultural identity based on the historical background. What problems connected with the Africans are actively discussed by the Africans themselves as well as by the Westerners? These problems are the issues of colonization and its effects in the form of racism. The problem of racism and the effects of interpreting slavery are depicted in Ousmane Sembène’s Black Girl (1966). Ousmane Sembène is the most famous African filmmaker who had the significant impact on the development of the African cinematography. He depicted the elements of the postcolonial African life in detail. The main character of the movie is Diouana who moves to France in search for the better life and starts to work fro the French couple. The problems the girl faces are associated with the Westerners’ perception of the Africans as slaves, and they are reflected in the attitude toward the girl and her work ( Black Girl, 1966). Thus, in his movie, Ousmane Sembène discusses two main issues which are characteristic for discussing in the African cinematography which are the questions of racism and post-colonization effects, and moving to the Western countries. The problem of moving to America or Europe to find the better conditions of life and complete the dreams is also discussed in Djibril Diop Mambéty’s Touki Bouki (1973). If Ousmane Sembène is the father of the traditional African
Introduction The modern presidency model grants significant powers to the president by enabling the use of executive branch czars. While the word “czar” is not an official term, it often refers to people having significant executive powers without an official appointment and congress approval 1 The practice of establishing such positions started with President Woodrow Wilson and was considered as an emergency due to World War I. Franklin D. Roosevelt expanded the polices and formed the modern model of the aggressive presidency. Even though the system had its ups and downs during the last century, the executive branch czars continue to exist, creating significant implication for presidents’ accountability. The present paper is a review of a book by Mitchel A. Sollenberger and Mark J. Rozell “The President’s Czars: Undermining Congress and the Constitution,” which elaborates a comprehensive definition of a czar, offers a history of the phenomenon, and provides analysis of the matter. Summary Sollenberger and Rozell contribute enormously to the research of the presidential power in the United States. First, the authors aim at defining executive branch czars, w
The World Bank created an index that determines the ease of investing in different countries across the globe. In ranking countries, the ease of doing business index considers numerous factors, such as starting a business, dealing with construction permits, registering properties, enforcing contracts, getting credit, paying taxes, trading across borders, and resolving insolvency. Countries having higher rankings are better placed for conducting business operations, as their policies and regulations protect property rights of business people. Qatar’s economy has different business regulations, and their enforcement that makes it suitable for doing business as compared to other nations. With ranks of 39, 38, and 36 out of 185 economies in 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively, Qatar’s business environment remains one of the productive regions for investment in the Arab World (Doing Business in Qatar n.d.). Notably, the 2011 International Monetary Fund report indicated Qatar as having the highest GDP per capita in the Arab peninsula. Qatar’s business environment has witnessed drastic changes in the ways in which it handles business ventures. In analyzing how entrepreneurial opportunities have changed in Qatar since 2004 to date, the report compares the aforementioned economic sub-indices as per the 2004 World Bank report on Ease Of Doing Business and the 2010, 2011, and 2012 reports. Further, the discourse discusses the fluctuations in key economic indicators of Qatar, such as unemployment rates, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the Consumer Price Index (CPI), and inflation. Even though these indicators provide insufficient details on reform guidance and efficiency of regulations across different nations, their focus on regulatory environment for business provide benchmarks for determining the ease of doing business in a given country. Entrepreneurs have
Introduction According to Peltz & Bart (2009), a recently conducted survey by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners gives a suggestion that the business organizations do have more reason to have much concern over fraud than ever before. But on the other, the survey also indicated that the causes of the fraud can be understood and this problem can be dealt with effectively. It is pointed out that in the year 2008, the fraud cost 994 USD to the American businesses and this figure represents 7% of the total revenues (Peltz & Bart, 2009). These researchers further point out that “as disturbing as those aggregates are, they do not fully convey the impact to a business from an incident” (Peltz & Bart, 2009, p.2). A large number of business organizations under no circumstances recover from the damage. Taking appropriate measures to prevent crime is of great interest to the privately owned business organizations. The businesses that are small and medium in size are mostly susceptible. Such businesses incur bigger losses on the basis of “per incident” as compared to the business organizations that are large in size. And since there can be wiping out of equity before the unsecured debt as well as lender interests, “equity interests are the most exposed stakeholders” ((Peltz & Bart, 2009, p.2). The cost of fraud to companies or business organizations is immense. The question that has been raised after the occurrence of fraud has been; why did the auditors not see the problem of fraud well in advance? A sensible answer to this question is that those who engage in committing the fraud were intelligent enough to cover up the fraud. However, in the actual sense, as Omowumi (2010) points out, “on an increasing level, the blame has been directed towards the auditors which is, most of the time, an indication of “lack of understanding as to what the role of the auditors should be, but has the auditor’s role changed?” (Omowumi, 2010, p.71). Considering the fact that the cost of fraud to businesses is quite huge, it is therefore vital to come up with strategies that will facilitate fraud detection and prevention. Putting in to consideration the high public expectations for auditors due to the occurrence of the savings as well as loans scandals, the question that is presented in this paper is what the responsibilities are of the auditors and management. In this paper, the definition of fraud is going to be given and the cost of fraud to businesses is going to be considered. This will be followed by a review of literature on the responsibilities for fraud detection and prevention in order to find answers to the research question. Defining Fraud In then course of the recent years, the level of fraud has remarkably increased and the professionals hold a belief that there is likelihood that this trend will continue even in the future (Oyinlola, 2010). Before continuing with the discussion, it is very important to look at the definition of the term ‘Fraud’. There are several definitions for this term. One of them is given in the Webster’s Dictionary in which fraud is defined as “the international de
Abstract The phenomenon of high employee turnover is typically viewed as a negative phenomenon. Enhancing the staff’s performance is essential for reducing staff turnover and investing in the future evolution of employees as one of the essential company resources. The reason for addressing the issue is quite obvious; in the increasingly competitive environment of the global economy, it is crucial to make sure that a company uses all of its resources to the full capacity. The identification of tools allowing for a boost of the staff’s motivation is, thus, crucial to the very existence of the organization. What Causes Employee Turnover Justification Determining the reasons for an increased workforce flow is essential to understand their motivations and, thus, increase the quality of their performance. By learning what makes people stay in the organization or, on the contrary, switch to a different workplace abruptly, one will be able to define the possible flaws of the HRM approach adopted in the company (Balaji & Balachandran, 2012) and, therefore, manage the employee turnover successfully. In addition, the identification of the factor causing staff turnover will help increase the company profitability rates (Park & Shaw, 2013). Indeed, by outlining the factors defining the increase in employee turnover, one is likely to detect the tools for reducing staff flow and, therefore, contribute to the company’s profitability. Last but definitely not least, the study of the factors causing employee turnover will lead to discovering the strategies for retaining the staff members and unraveling the issues in the team, including the ones related to communication, job satisfaction, etc. Thus, by analyzing the reasons for the employees’ turnover increase, one will be able to define the further strategy of investing in human resources. Researchability To identify the reasons for employee turnover to rise and drop, one will have to consider the case studies regarding the issues. The issue in question can be deemed as rather researchable, as the problem of workforce flow has been addressed by a variety of scholars (Aydogdu & Aysikgil, 2011; Gieter, Hofmans, & Pepermans, 2011; Hancock, Allen, Bosco, McDaniel, & Pierce, 2013). Therefore, the study of the specified sources can shed some light on the factors affecting workforce turnover. Significance The significance of the subject matter is determined by the need for a company to take control of the staff turnover so that the organization should use its human resources efficiently. Mo
Introduction The 21 st century has witnessed numerous developments in the human society, specifically, the growth in technology, which has influenced all other human sectors, including transport, commerce, communication, and industrialization among others. The rise of globalization has also been evident in recent days, which in turn has influenced trade across nations, hence raising new opportunities for business organizations. In light with these developments, business organizations have been put under pressure, to adopt the most efficient strategies. The online jewelry industry is of great concern as far as contemporary business is concerned. Significant developments have been realized in this luxurious industry over the last decade, whereby, many players have entered the industry and shifted from the traditional brick and motor operations to innovative business operations, through the use of computer and internet technology. In this report, Blue Nile, which is a key player in the online jewelry industry, will be reviewed. The business model, competitiveness, opportunities, threats and potentiality in excelling in the industry will be evaluated. Blue Nile’s background information Blue Nile Inc is the largest online specialty retailer of fine jewelry, founded in 1999. The company has grown to be the largest online retailer of diamonds. The company has its headquarters in Seattle, Washington, whereby, it deals with customers across all corners of the globe. The company has been able to withstand pressure from its competitors, mainly Tiffany & Company, as well as James Allen. The efficiency of the company has greatly facilitated its success. Cut, carat weight and clarity
Edirippulige, S., & Armfield, N. (2016). Education and training to support the use of clinical telehealth: A review of the literature. Journal of Telemedicine And Telecare , 23 (2), 273-282. Despite the considerable investments and policy changes, the adoption of telehealth is still limited. Edirippulige and Armfield (2016) contend that since the application of telehealth engenders a change in practice, it should be supported by the appropriate skills development for the current and future practitioners. The authors argue that the application of the various components of cognitive learning mitigates the healthcare practitioners’ single largest dilemma of the future competencies required to work in a technology-infused environment. The article implies that physicians’ training programs commence by changing the thoughts and perceptions of the professionals, and support the development of new understandings and insights. Edirippulige and Armfield (2016) assert that the systematic organization and delivery of information and knowledge on telehealth progressively equip physicians with domain-specific problem solving skills. This article is insightful and relevant due to its distinctive focus and emphasis on information processing, curiosity stimulation, and relevance to healthcare professionals’ goals. Additionally, telehealth trainers recognize that physicians are not passive information recipients but actively participate in the construction of their understanding. Edirippulige and Armfield’s (2016) publication postulate that positioning practitioners at the center of the training stimulate learning and skills acquisition. For instance, the authors argue that the participation of trainees in live lectures, integrating them in the development of the national telehealth plan, and role playing in clinical interactions using telehealth is critical. Therefore, this article provides invaluable perspectives on systematic change management approach and skills development in telehealth among physicians. Kissi, J., Dai, B., Dogbe, C. S. K., Banahene, J., & Ernest, O. (2019). Predictive factors of physicians’ satisfaction with telemedicine services acceptance. Health Informatics Journal , 26 (3), 1866-1880. The adoption and subsequent success of telemedicine are predicated on the satisfaction derived by the users. According to Kissi et al. (2019), the perceived use of ease and usefulness are fundamental considerations and determinants which enhance the acceptability and adoption of telehealth technology by physicians. The article illustrates the critical significance of building on physicians’ previous experience when designing training programs. According to Kissi et al. (2019), integrating prior knowledge stimulates positive expectations and establishes an inherent zeal to apply the acquired knowledge. This perspective recognizes the need to address various key internal factors within the physici