ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In this paper, I intend to discuss those factors, which influence the pricing strategies of the companies. In particular, I would like to analyze the internal environment and the objectives of the management. The main focus of this essay will be on such industries as information technology. The basis for this work will be the research article Pricing objectives and pricing methods in the services sector, written by George Avlotinis and Kostis Indounas. In their study, the authors explore the methods used by the leading Greek companies for setting the price on their commodities. Furthermore, it is necessary to draw a specific example, showing the impact of internal factors on the price of electronic products; in this case, I will refer to the policies of Microsoft Corporation. However, at first, we may need to make a general overview of those determinants, which shape managerial decisions. On the whole, they can be of two types: external and internal. As regards external influence, we can single out such aspects as the situation in the market, customers perceptions of cost and value, demand for a particular product or service, absence or presence of competitors and so forth. In turn, the internal environment may include the following parameters: effectiveness of the company, marketing objectives, operation costs, and the product, its novelty, applicability, popularity etc ( Daly, 2001, p 13). Naturally, the management has to take into account all of the above-mentioned factors. Subsequently, there are various approaches to pricing as an element of marketing mix. We may point out target, market, perceived value, demand-based pricing (Avlonitis & Indounas, 2005, p 47). At this stage, we should refer to the activities of such international giants as Microsoft; we should pay extra attention to the promotion of the software operation system Windows 3.0. One has to consider the fact that at that moment the company was not the main developer of operation systems in the world. Overall, it is quite
Introduction Due to the increased changes in the economic sector and the need for the protection and conservation of the factors of production so as the future generations can be assured of survival, there is a need for all to understand the results human actions have on the atmosphere and environment. These include but are not limited to the actions of getting raw materials, disposing of the wastes into the atmosphere as we continue with the production and the use of materials that are not eco-friendly. This in return gives the need for a form of market structure to be put in place, which will allow for the accountability of all the costs, both direct and indirect to be calculated together with the rest of the costs. This paper seeks to find the applicability of such a system and its comparison with the rest of the systems. Economic systems An economic system is an overall approach a state adopts for the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It is the way the platform in which the money is used for paying for the goods and services, the goods and services change hands (Conklin, 1991, p. 98). In the current economy, the types of economies adopted by the state depend on the control the state is willing to have on the way the businesses are run within its borders or if it is willing to let the market forces control how the business is run. This has in turn resulted in two broad economic systems in the current economies. These are the market economies and the command or the type of economy that has a body that makes all the economic decisions concerning a given area. These two have given rise to the mixed economic system and the traditional system. The traditional economic system is based on the traditional means of production and the customs are used as what guides the decision-making process. These decisions are directed towards the welfare of the family or the society at large. The market economy/ capitalistic economy These are the kinds of economic systems where the number of goods and services to be produced and supplied are determined by the market forces of demand and supply in the market at that given time. The market forces are not influenced by the government or any other central forces. In this kind of economy, the goods and services belong to and are managed by the individual who is responsible for the decision-making and is driven by the motive to maximize profits in the course of doing business. Market economies function through the voluntary exchange of goods and services and the state only comes in to ensure that the platform is stable the business is carried out and this act ensures that there is continuity in the way the business operates (Economics, n.d). Advantages of the market economy In this kind of economic system, the individuals are the decision-makers on what to buy or sell as there is no control apart from the forces of demand and supply. This enables competition as the trader and the buyer trade at what is convenient for them (Economy, n.d). The high comp
Walt Whitman was an outstanding and unique poet of the 19 th century who foresaw new social and political changes. Whitman voiced ideas about man, society, and the universe that in many ways characterize the general perspective of the modern mind as affected by the ideas of science. Thesis Whiteman wrote because he wanted to educate a common man about social changes and political ideas, new visions of freedoms and personality. Walt Whitman wrote because he wanted to inform general public about social changes and processes affected American community. The greatness of his writing is the ability to combine a realistic and unsparing evaluation of both the contemporary failings and the structural weaknesses of democracy with a full statement of its spiritual potential. Following Gambino (2003): “Whitman’s faith in democracy … was rooted in a belief in the best of the human souls of ordinary citizens, often dismissed as his “mysticism”. The main themes, connected with social and democratic changes, were ideas of freedom and the self, freedom of choice and unity if the nation. In “the Song of Myself” he writes: “And beat the gong of revolt, and stop with fugitives and them that plot and conspire” (Whitman, p. 34). One key to this unique balance may be found in the unusual factors influencing its composition and racist language. Whiteman wrote because he tried to anticipate scientific and social liberation telling people about new rights and freedoms proposed by the new age. He anticipated the big picture of the cosmos, energetic, pulsating, multitudinous, evolutionary, creative, many-layered, knowable, mysterious, individuated, and organized. For those who share and appreciate this perspective today, his message is therefore contemporaneous (Reynolds, p. 65). Whiteman declared, writing of his hope for the unification of Americans, is “the law of successions” (Mack, 2053). It is spiritual progress toward higher unity. The poet was expressing his sense of connectedness with all things, of the unification of processes in a field, of the material and energetic continuity of all things, of the fact that nothing is lost in its energetic character but only transformed into a new form, of the evolution of physical and biological energy For this Whiteman di
Abstract The accident involving Flight 1420 that occurred on June 1, 1999, should not have happened. The flight crew had two human factor failure attributes. First, the responsible parties took the wrong approach to land under bad weather. Second, the flight crew made a skill-based error by failing to deploy the spoilers for a safe landing. The two errors fall under the first level of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Introduction Aircraft accidents are rare, which makes this mode of transport the safest in contemporary times. However, aircraft accidents occur in some cases. According to the HFACS, such accidents occur due to a number of issues like organizational influences, unsafe acts, unsafe supervision, and preconditions for unsafe acts (Wiegmann & Shappell, 2003). This paper is an analysis of an aircraft accident that occurred on June 1, 1999, at Little Rock, Arkansas. The accident involved Flight 1420. Key human factor failure The most outstanding human factor failure is decision error, which falls under the broad category of the HFACS’ level 1 of unsafe acts. This human factor failure lies under the error subdivision. After the “second wind shear alert was received, the flight crew should have recognized that the approach to runway 4R should not continue because the maximum crosswind component for conducting the landing had been exceeded” (National Transportation Safety Board, 2001, p. 167). Therefore, the cause, in this case, was the crew’s failure to make the appropriate decision to avoid landing under bad weather. Initially, the weather was favorable, and arguably, the flight crew had all the reasons to believe that they could get to the runway before the thunderstorm. However, the thunderstorm escalated rapidly, and at this point, the flight crew should have changed their course of action. Unfortunately, the crew did not make this critical decision, which led to the accident. The second human factor failure is a skill-based error, which also falls under unsafe acts. Investigations revealed that the spoilers failed to deploy automatically because the “reverted rubber hydroplaning did not occur during the accident airplane
Introduction The Qing Dynasty is also known as the Manchu Dynasty. This historical dynasty was recorded to be the last ruling dynasty of China. Its span extended from 1644 to 1912. This was the dynasty that was found by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro. This area, in the modern age, is known to be northeast China (Manchuria). Originally it was known to be the Jin Dynasty, but later in 1636, it changed its name to “Qing”. The term Qing stands for “clear” or “pellucid”. It was in 1644 the act of expansion captured Beijing. By 1646, it was well established as the ruling domain for China proper. Consolidation of Manchu rule The maintenance of power led by the Manchu rule was all implemented through Queue Order from 1622 to 1625 and the Queue order of the year 1645. ‘The four ministers—Sonin, Ebilun, Suksaha, and Oboi—were chosen for their long service to the emperor, but also to counteract each others’ influences.’ Jonathan Spence, 1991. The Qing dynasty was initiated well by Hung Taiji in 1634. It was so strong that it could create its own artillery corps. During the period that followed after 1635, the transformation came when Manchu’s Mongolian allies got incorporated into a separate Banner hierarchy. This was under the domain of the Manchu command. Hong Taiji took the flag a little further and invaded Korea in 1636. This was his second invasion and subsequently created the first (two) Han Banners in 1637. By 1642 the increase in the banners reached 8 and the dynasty was growing
Article Information WikiID: The Stub Title: The Australian Church The Stub URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Church Page Description The Australian Church, which had existed for about seven decades, was founded in 1884 by Charles Strong, a minister with liberal views, whose ideas were considered heretic (“Australian Church (1884-1957)”). This social institution of Australia was ardently committed to social justice, which was particularly evident during its anti-draft campaigns during World War I. First of all, the article aims at covering Charles Strong’s religious activity and aspirations. Furthermore, the role of Bernard O’Dowd in the development of the Australian Church will be outlined. Finally, the Church’s anti-conscription ideas during the Great War will be highlighted. Although the Australian Church lasted for only seventy-three years, its impact on the country’s social and religious life should not be underestimated. Titles of Sections and Their Brief Descriptions  1. Church in Australia at the turn of the century (Australia’s church life on the verge of the 19th and 20th centuries)  2. Charles Strong (the founder of the Australian Church)  3. Bernard O’Dowd (a famous poet and activist, one of the earliest members of the Australian Church)  4. The anti-conscription movement (a movement that stemmed from the Australian Church’s ideology) Annotations with Justifications Bongiorno, Frank. “Bernard O’Dowd’s Socialism.” Labour History , vol. 77, 1999, pp. 97-116. The author discusses the establishment of Bernard O’Dowd as a radical intellectual. Rather than analyzing O’Dowd’s poetic legacy, Bongiorno focuses his academic research on the activist’s participation in the pre-Great War period. Specifically, the author draws attention to the topics of class, gender, race, and democracy in the works of those Australians who took part in the la
Introduction Jew watch.com is a website that is dedicated to the spread of negative news about Jews. It is owned by an American citizen known as Frank Weltner.His main argument is that the world is full of conflicts and chaos because of Jewish cunningness, conspiracies, fraud, extreme media control, strong arm tactics on American and world politicians, and economic greed. He claims that the Jewish agenda to unfairly disadvantage other groups has not begun today, but has been in existence for a long time. Other sins that have been committed by Jews according to the website include assassinations, takeover of governments, and genocides.Weltner claims that Jews are only 2% of the United States population behind the Caucasians, African Americans and Latinos, and yet control the largest segment of the economy; something he thinks is totally unacceptable (Weltner 1). The online presence of jewwatch.com is not a shock given the recent rise in online hate groups (Lohr 1). Jew Watch.com Site Organization Jew watch.com has the characteristic poor content organization that is common to hate websites as well as other sites that have content that has been cobbled up hurriedly. The aim is usually to reach a wider audience with their message within the shortest possible time. The Big Picture of Jew watch.com Peculiarities, audience and Purpose of Jew watch.com Peculiarities Jewwatch.com has one peculiarity. The site is jammed with information links that lead to numerous web pages that have information that is organized in a very convincing manner. There is a wide variety of historical linkages to great people and events. The holocaust is one such event; whereby Frank claims that the holocaust never occurred, and if it did, then it was justified. The site also claims that great historical personalities such the former British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill, former American presidents Dwight Eisenhower and Franklin Delano Roosevelt as well as Nikolai Lenin and thinker Karl Marx were Jews whose aim was to push forward the Jewish agenda of enslaving the world. Audience Jewwatch.com news is a product for public consumption. Researchers can access the site as well as people who have anti-Jewish sentiments and want to gather more hate news or propaganda as a way of strengthening their resolve and equipping themselves with the tools for hunting for converts. There is no restriction regarding access meaning that anyone with internet access can access the site and read all that is there. Purpose Based on the information that is available on the website, the general purpose of the site is to spearhead the anti-Jewish campaign. The specific ways through which the site accomplishes this include the accumulation of propaganda that is useful to people with an anti-Semitic mindset, the collection of donations as a means of supporting the activities of those behind the site and their cause, and the offering of encouragement and support to followers of this group who may be tempted to stop b
The differences between fair and unfair dismissals The dismissals that can be considered unfair, in most cases, relate to the circumstances in which employees are denied some of their rights, the opportunity for the work and life balance, or the leave due to parental or family reasons. Particularly, the employees have a right for rest and recreation and are not supposed to work beyond their scheduled hours. The same proposition concerns the part-time and fixed-term employees. The working hours are prescribed by the contract, and none of the employees can be dismissed on the grounds that he or she refuses to work overtime or during the hours beyond the schedule (Eger, 2003). The example of this type of an unfair dismissal can be a situation in which the employee who agreed to work part-time during the evening hours is transferred to work during the day or the changes to the schedule made by an employer hinder the employee’s other commitments. It is an important aspect of the dismissal regulations because more and more people tend to work part-time, including students. The family reasons that are classified as the grounds for unfair dismissal include not only pregnancy but also different kinds of parental leaves connected with maternity and childcare, such as adoption leave paternity leave, etc. (Eger, 2003). However, the fair dismissals can relate to two kinds of reasons, those that relate to the employee’s behaviour and the reasons external to the worker’s conduct. The first type includes the situations in which the employee’s conduct in the workplace resulted in dismissal. It can be not following the terms of the contract or, in the other case, the insufficiency of the employee’s qualification. For example, if the company introduces new equipment to its production, and the employee has no qualification to work with that equipment or desire to acquire such qualification, the dismissal is fair. The external to the employee reasons usually relate to the redundancy in the company. The importance of exit interviews to employer and employee An exit interview is a form of the survey that an employee is asked to fulfil when he or she leaves the company. Even though it can give the important information for both parties, this form of interviewing is often overlooked. The benefits that the employer can receive from the dismissed employee are more evident. Firstly, such form of surveying gives the human resources department the feedback that they cannot always obtain from interviewing the staff. It includes the information concerning the dissa
Introduction Headquartered in Toledo, Marco’s Pizza is a popular pizza restaurant chain that offers high-quality, authentic Italian pizza, salads, chicken wings, baked subs, and other products. Being one of the fastest-growing franchises in the United States, Marco’s Pizza planned to continue its growth to Iowa, in particular, the Des Moines area. Following its program for strategic expansion, the company aimed to introduce 15 new locations in Iowa in 2017, with 1 or 2 of them in Des Moines (“Marco’s Pizza,” 2017, para. 1). Within the next several years, the number of locations is expected to grow in accordance with the company’s aggressive scalable business model. As of 2017, there were only 8 locations in Iowa, all of which partnered with Marco’s franchise Family Video (“Marco’s Pizza,” 2017, para. 3). The initiative to locate Marco’s Pizza in Des Moines was originally taken by Dan and Sherri Holmes, the residents of Des Moines who wanted to introduce quality products and customer-friendly service to the community. Under Holmes’ ownership, the first Marco’s location opened in Des Moines (“Marco’s Pizza,” 2017). Apart from Des Moines, targeted markets for growth include its suburbs, such as Norwalk, Norwoodville, and Avon Lake. Laws of Supply and Demand The strategic expansion of Marco’s Pizza to the Des Moines area will be subject to the law of supply and demand. In particular, when opening new locations, franchisees will have to decide on the price of the product and the quantity of that product. Rational estimation of these values will cont
How Digital Media has influenced the field of education Digital media has significantly influenced the field of education. It has changed the way instructors teach and how students learn and complete their assignments. It has facilitated distance learning classes, where students enroll for a particular degree program and complete them online. Notably, digital media encompasses different forms, including email, photos, videos, slideshows, and websites. Initially, the learning process was exclusively within the school compound, where teachers and students would interact face-to-face. Books were the only source of information, some of which were outdated. It was challenging to capture and maintain student engagement for a long and have consistent communication with them. However, the development and adoption of digital media in education has enhanced student-teacher interactions, made teaching and learning easier, increased access to varying and latest educational materials, and facilitate understanding of difficult topics. Higher education institutions in the United States have adopted digital media in all aspects of learning, ranging from accessing and delivering learning materials to the interaction between instructors and students as well as among the apprentices. Students access various and latest learning materials in digital forms from online library databases using computers and mobile phones (Paul & Lal, 2018). They no longer need to be in the library to read more about a particular concept they learned in class. Digital media, including social media, has improved collaboration among students. According to Ansari and Khan (2020) approximately 90 % of students are consistently using the Internet, of whom more than 75 % utilize online networking sites to facilitate their e-learning. Additionally, students in various universities in the US, including the University of Central Florida, use social media and electronic devices to create, edit, and share educational materials in the form of videos or textual content, which enhances corroborative learning. The use of digital media in education is evident in both developed and developing countries. It is increasingly becoming an instrumental tool for learning for students in higher education institutions. For instance, students at the University of Mortar, Bosnia and Herzegovina use social networking sites such as Facebook and others for educational purposes, including sharing digital learning materials, communication, and e-learning (Ansari & Khan, 2020). The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland, developed a digital platform, Grasp, for facilitating the sharing of educational content and collaborative learning among students. Application of the Grasp in Tongji University and the University of Geneva showed that students are increasingly using digital media to create, organize, and share educational content (Ansari & Khan, 2020). Indeed, digital media is revolutionizing the field of education and has both positive and negative impacts. Notable positive impacts of digital