ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Effective leadership sets the pace of development and growth in an organization. In this regard political leadership is not an exemption. Good political leadership influences the development of a nation or region. The political leaders in a country play an important role in the society since they control the resources in a region and determine how the resources are utilized for the benefit of all people. Political leaders use their power and authority to influence how various activities and operations are handled in a country. Therefore, to ensure the success of a country or a region there is a need to institute good political leadership. It is in this light that this proposal will look at the issue of political leadership and organization. The proposal will compare Bill Clinton and John Kennedy as the good leaders. The paper will also look at whether the two individuals were leaders before they started politics. On the other hand, the paper will also compare the great leaders and bad leaders in this regard, the New York mayor Mr. Michael Bloomberg will be compared to Mr. Rob Ford, the mayor of Toronto. Hypothesis Based on the topic of political leadership, the hypothesis of this study will highlight what made the aforementioned leaders to be regarded as good leaders, great leaders, and bad leaders. For instance, comparing Bill Clinton and John Kennedy both were good leaders that played a greater role in transforming the U.S. Specific elements that made Bill Clinton a good leader included economic policies that greatly changed America. On the other hand, John Kennedy is mainly celebrated as a good leader that ruled the U.S. due to his policies, which have enabled America to attain success in various areas. For instance, John Kennedy created the famous Peace Corps, which has enabled many Americans to volunteer in various programs around the world to ensure peace and sustainability. When comparing great leaders against the bad leaders, New York mayor Mr. Michael Bloomberg will be compared with the Toronto Mayor Mr. Rob Ford. The New York mayor played a cardinal role in ensuring environmental protection. The mayor initiated strict regulations on the usage of plastic and non-degradable materials in the environment. However, the Toronto mayor has been accused of various offenses such as misuse of resources, acting in conflict of interest, and has abused alcohol and drugs in his office. Theoretical Literature Theoretical literature for the term paper will highlight various issues on the topic of political leadership. The section will give attention to the historical aspect of the topic, the current issues on the topic, and develop a critical analysis. The theoretical literature will also discuss the issues and create unity between historical facts, the gaps in previous studies, and current aspects on the topic. Theoretical literature will also give information on the background of the leaders in the study. Methodology and Data This study will employ a qualitative research method. The data will be collected from various respondents that will be selected by the researcher. The researcher targets to collect the information from var
World War 2 remains one of the most significant and historically important events in the entire world because the United States of America, Japan, and the majority of European countries were involved in it. It would be proper to mention that all the battles were based on certain political and revolutionary ideas. Therefore, leaders of the countries that fought for their rights were obliged to encourage and motivate their citizens to stick to their guns. It is a well-known fact that such figures as Hitler and Mussolini were fascists who made other people consider their policies fair in relations to individuals of other ethnic backgrounds. Moreover, these dictators succeeded in multiple battles of World War 2. The following paper is intended to discuss leadership styles and organizational impacts as well as aspects of culture and ethics of such historical characters as Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler The first person that will be discussed in the given paper is Adolf Hitler. To begin with, it would be proper to present several facts from his biography to understand how this person could make all the population of Germany follow his ideas that were abnormal. This leader occupied the position of “Führer” since 1933 till 1945. Hitler was a professional orator who could persuade almost any audience that his point of view was the most appropriate in any situation (Clinebell, 2014). The politician started invading all the neighboring as he wanted to govern entire Europe after the end of World War 2. Also, his military forces persecuted Jews due to particular nationalistic prejudices. While Hitler was in the head of Germany, the country followed what is called a Nazi regime. The National Socialist German Workers’ Party’s members were responsible for the deaths of approximately 19 million civilians and about 29 million soldiers during World War 2. Leadership Style When Adolf Hitler was in the head of NSDAP, he successfully followed his leader principles established at the beginning of his political campaign in Germany. According to this regime, every officer was obliged to listen and obey his or her superiors, regardless of their orders. No one could express their complaints about certain dissatisfactions with these rules (Clinebell, 2014). Otherwise, such people were likely to be shot im
Speaking on the topic of the relevance of objectivity to sound research, it is important to note that the social sciences, like sociology, are specialized in precise scientific methods. Therefore, it is possible to suggest that the subject of sociology is considered to be hard for studying in a traditional course and manner. In order to be to carry out any scientific conclusion on the sociological topic, the social scientist must be able to lead and efficiently conduct sound research. With the view to advance in the above mentioned task, it is necessary to debate on the topic of whether objectivity is essential to sound research or not. According to Theodore Porter, “Objectivity has come to mean pursuing lines of inquiry within the parameters of particular values and goals. Objectivity seems to be linked to particular values, rather than to a single universal one.” (Porter, 2005, p. 204). Thus, it is possible to suggest that objectivity leads sociologist to accurate and unprejudiced results. If one lacks objectivity, then one’s results might be distorted or even ineffectual because of the ignorance of other scholars’ works and scientific studies that are not similar to one’s view point. Similar to Porter, another scholar Marion Goldman, analyzing Benjamin Zablocki’s and Thomas Robbins’ point of view, suggests that “Without removing one’s objectivity during sociology sound research, one can easily compromise the research” (Goldman, 2003, vol. 28, p. 441). There also exists a contrary point of view that suggests objectivity should be regarded as unachievable and even inappropriate phenomenon in sociology science. Those scholars support such an assumption also claim that objectivity is not essential and not relevant to sociology sound research. In order to support this point of view Richard Swedberg, analyzing Max Weber’s sociology studies, proposes that “objectivity is rejected as an appropriate or attainable standard for any form of enquiry, including the natural sciences” (Swedberg, 2003, vol. 29, pp. 284-285). If regard the latter view point, then it is possible to suggest, that objectivity is not essential to sound research, as it is actually an ideal. It is not possible for any sociologist to achieve the true objectivity in sound research, as well as in any other sociology research or sociologists’ interpretations from similar projections shaped by one’s values, beliefs and individual life experiences. Such claim proves that the yield of sociology knowledge, and sound research as a part of it, is simply the work of individuals from the society, who are originally intrinsic in relations of those individuals and sociology systems of understanding. The idea suggested by Peter Callero proves the above provided information, “just like a
Introduction The management of any corporation or organization requires an enthusiastic leader with ability and capacity to bring about positive impacts on the organization he/she is leading. The studies have indicated that all the successful global organizations can attribute their progress to their leaders who possess excellent credentials and are of questionable integrity. The script provided shows the companies’ missions and visions and it clearly demonstrates how committed the leaders of these global organizations are in providing leadership roles not for the benefit of the owners but the entire community (Whetten and Cameroon 571). The most successful Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) put their customers first to ensure there is maximum customer satisfaction and that their needs adequately met. The visions and missions of these companies should closely match the consumer and community needs. Community Social Responsibility of the most successful companies The four global companies mentioned have clearly indicated how actively involved they are towards contributing to social and economic development to earn them some credit. In performance of their activities, it is fundamental that the companies realize they owe the communities something major and that is enhancing environmental protection and creating job opportunities for the surrounding community. Profit motive is not a priority but rather high quality service delivery and this will guarantee them some success. There must be clean environment in which these companies operate and their goods must meet the required international standards. Bearing in mind that they are global institutions, the organizations have initiated legal frameworks that ensure that different cultural diversities across the globe are part of their core fulfillment (Whetten and Cameroon 569). That is the people’s cultures have to be respected and compliance of the countries’ laws and regulations where they operate. These are some of the requisite measures without which the companies will find it difficult to operate. Since we are living in a dynamic world, the companies must alway
Abstract Economics is a complicated matter of study, and the major issues that make it such a phenomenon are connected with the ambiguity of the notions the economy operates with. This paper considers the two of the ambiguous notions without knowledge of which a person is at risk of losing considerable money taking loans. Compound interests and title loans are interconnected terms of the same area – money loans. Compound interest is the process of interest accumulation through the period of loan repayment (NCSU, 2009). Having agreed for a compound interest model, a person is under the risk of paying 250% over the actual value of the loan. The interest rates are compounded and accumulated to form the highest interest rate at the last payment for the loan (Teacherschoice, 2009). Yes, it is true that title loan companies do not check credit: this is one reason why the interest rate is higher than a conventional loan. Title loan companies fix the lending operations within 15 minutes time. Title Max is one of the companies specializing in title loans using the compound interest model. Title Max Loans The essence of the compound interest model can be formulated in the statement that the simple interest is calculated according to the principal amount, while compound one combines the principal and previously accrued interest. The formula for the compound interest calculation is as follows: A = P (1 + i) n , where A denotes the total amount owed by the borrower to the lender, P indicates the principal amount of money borrowed by a person without any interests, while i is used to refer to the interest rate established for the loan per compounding period. Finally, n indicates the number of payments for the loan and actually determines the level of the compound interest rate. To exemplify the formula operation, the Title Max example can be used. According to Complaints Board (2009), a loan of $1050 made a person pay over 121.56% of interest rate and left this person owing over $2000 to the company when only two months of payment remained (Complaints Board, 2009). Applying the inverted above formula, we can calculate the actual interest rate per period for the considered loan and then see the sum of the compound interest. Thus, if A = P (1 + i) n , then to calculate i we have to use the formula according to which i = Accordingly, the actual interest rate established for the payments per period, if assumed that the loan period is 12 months equals: i = – 1 = 0,103 Thus, the total amount of the money paid for the loan will be calculated by the formula A = P (1 + i) n . Accordingly, A = 1050 (1 + 0,103) 12 = 1050 x 2,215 = 2326. Based on this formula, we can see that the compound interest rate for the title loan from the Title Max amounts to 121.56% that the borrower had to pay to the company. Having taken $1050, this borrower had to repay $2326 (Title Max, 2009). On the whole, the dynamics of interest rates growth in the comparison of common and compound interest rates can be illustrated by the following graph (Graph 1), in whic
Introduction The threat of terror attacks is growing in the United States despite the effort that has been put in place to deal with the problem. According to Olsson (2014), understanding the steps necessary for addressing a terror attack is critical in mitigating the effect of such incidences. The security organs such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and other local enforcement agencies have a major role to play in protecting the country against potential attacks. However, Southers (2015) argues that civilians also have a role to play in enhancing security in the country. In most cases, these criminals mingle freely with civilians as they plan for their attack. Contacting authorities at the right time may be crucial in ensuring that such attacks are thwarted at the planning stage before they are executed. In this paper, the researcher seeks to explain why an understanding of the steps involved in preparing for countering and responding to a terror attack is important in protecting national security and the safety of people and property. Preparing for a Terror Attack Preparation is an important step in combatting terrorism in the country. Both the security agencies and civilians should embrace their role in protecting their country. Civilians need to learn about ways of detecting suspicious activities and the best ways of contacting authorities so that further investigations can be conducted. On the other hand, security organs must learn how to work with civilians to collect intelligence and act on them in a timely manner. As Alati (2018) observes, society must understand that fear is the enemy. When people are fearful of the terrorist, they will not act rationally. They will fail to report suspicious activities, making it easy for these criminals to thrive. Society must understand the fact that the only way of fighting this vice is to be fearless and to face the situation as active players. Instead of allowing fear to consume them, members of society should create fear among these criminals. Preparing for a possible terrorism alert is another important. All the stakeholders should learn how to respond to possible terror alarms (Newman & Clarke, 2008). Issues such as knowing when and how to evacuate protect property and lives, and launch counterattacks can help reduce fatalities and destruction. Members of the public should be attentive to details relating to a possible terror attack and question any suspicious activities within their neighborhood. They need to understand the local vulnerabilities while at the same time r
Personal Selling Electric fencing can be sold directly to individual farmers and large corporations. In both cases, personal selling can be applied to increase sales, although the strategies in both cases would differ. To target individual consumers, it would be beneficial to create a personal branding campaign to reinforce the brand recognition (Chitty, Luck, Barker, Valos, & Shimp, 2011). The easiest way to do this is to conceive a marketing campaign centred on a recognisable character. Specifically, this could be a distinct well-educated farmer equipped with relevant knowledge in the field and exhibiting a prominent sceptical approach to information (Technology of sustainable farming, n.d.). In such way, it is possible to account for the product’s negative association with animal suffering. Animal rights activist groups are highly visible in today’s media environment and will likely influence the decisions of people who are not familiar with specificities of the product or the innovations offered by Gallagher. At the same time, most of the misconceptions about electric fencing (as well as modern farming in general) can be collectively addressed in a relatively short lecture. The suggested personal branding strategy has two strong points. On the one hand, the professional farmers are expected to sympathise with someone who takes security seriously and shows considerable knowledge in the field. On the other hand, reasonable arguments and critical attitude of the character would appeal to a segment of the audience unfamiliar with the product’s profile. In the former case, the brand is expected to associate with knowledge while in the latter case the move would gain new audience, covering the previously untapped segment. For large businesses, personal salesperson is desirable. This person must be knowledgeable on perceived weaknesses and strengths of Gallagher’s products (Personal selling process, n.d.). Since corporations are usually familiar with controversy described above, they are expected to appreciate information which would help them mitigate the possible adverse effects of using electric fencing. Thus, parameters of safety, reliability, and environmental impact are to be researched on the pre-approach stage and processed to create accessible data for presentation. In this way, the strategy has better chances of fostering trust of partners familiar with drawbacks of using electric fencing and sympathy with the brand as both honest and responsible about its produce. Sponsorship Marketing Currently, the company’s website contains no information on the sponsorship programs of any kind. Nevertheless, it can be argued that a properly conceived it is required to further boost the effect of personal marketing. The
Introduction Computers are a common phenomenon in the lives of people in today’s world. Computers are very vital especially to those people who run businesses, industries and other organizations. Today, almost everything that people engage in makes use of a computer. Take for instance, the transport sector: vehicles, trains, airplanes, and even traffic lights on our roads are controlled by computers. In hospitals, most of the equipments use or are run by computers. Look at space exploration; it was all made possible with the advent of computer technology. In the job sector, many of the jobs require knowledge in computers because they mostly involve the use of computers. In short, these machines have become so important and embedded in the lives of humans, they have hugely impacted on the whole society to the extent that it will be very hard to survive now, without them. This article discusses the influence of computers on the everyday life of human beings. One can guess what will exactly happen if the world had no c
Introduction Travelling can be described as the movement of people or conveyance objects from one geographical location to another. The rapid technological development has facilitated faster and efficient movement of people to and from various destinations around the globe. Different forms of transport are used depending on the distance and personal preference or socio-economic status. Air transport is the most efficient form of conveyance for people travelling to distant areas. Road and rail transport are preferred when travelling on shorter distances. People travel for various reasons. Common forms of travel may include the following: Business travel, whereby individuals travel to various destinations for reasons that are related to their work; recreation travels, whereby people travel for leisure purposes (Hjalager, 2000). Recreational activities are usually performed for enjoyment, amusement and are often considered to be fun. Recreation forms an important element in an individual’s development and wellbeing (Kelessidis & Kalonaki, 2009). Tourism and/or vacation can be considered as forms of holiday travel. There are other reasons why people travel and this may include travelling for charity work; mission services; and for research or gathering information (Sigala, 2007). Previous research indicates that people travel for different motives such as relaxation, exploration, pleasure and getting to know other cultures or for social development (Kelessidis & Kalonaki, 2009). This qualitative research paper reports on the investigation of various factors relating to travel. The paper has utilized data collected via questionnaires administered online. The questionnaires were specifically designed to collect data on the frequency of travelling; importance of travelling in relation to other activities; preferred travel destinations; motives for travelling; memorable travel destinations; advice/recommendation for a travel destination, among other factors. Methods The research utilized online interviews to collect various data on travel. The interviews were administered in the form of semi structured questionnaires that were voluntarily completed by the participants. Questionnaires were used for this research due to their advantages over other forms of collecting data. The advantages include the fact that questionnaires are practical; they allow a researcher to collect large amounts of data from a large number of people in a short period and at a cheaper cost; the uniformity leads to limited effect on the validity and reliability of the responses; data collected can be quantified easily using a software package; they lead to a more scientific a
Introduction United States is the world’s largest economy. It boasts of a democracy that sets it apart from other countries. In addition, it is the most powerful country in the world. These attributes makes it an ideal place for many admirers. As a result, millions of people try to get into the country in order to evade difficulties in their respective nations. The federal government has therefore put in place policies to regulate influx of immigrants. In the process, some immigrants have resorted to illegal means. The country offers opportunities, through diversity program, for immigrants to live and work in it. However, this is still inadequate. This has caused a backlog of over 12 million illegal immigrants in the country. Furthermore, crime rates have soured as the government tries to curb illegal work placements. This paper will explore immigration policy, the problems, government approach and solutions as well as shortcomings (Simpson 1). The problem Immigration policy refers to a policy which deals with passage of individuals across its boundaries. It emphasizes on those who plan to work as well as stay in that country. The United States is estimated to have over 12 million illegal immigrants. Increase in crime is also blamed on the large number of illegal immigrants. Hispanic group are known to be the fastest growing and are said to have voted in excess of 67% to the current administration