ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Snowboarding has seemingly become one of the most popular sports in the United States, especially after the launch of the Winter Dew Tour at Colorado’s Breckenridge Ski Resort five years ago. Since then, snowboarding sport has undergone a series of evolution. For instance, new snowboarding tricks have been developed to replace or improve the old ones. In addition, advanced sporting equipments have been designed to advance the sport to high levels. On the other hand, some prominent riders have emerged in the last five years, leading to a steep competition among competitors in the sport. However, a number of fatal outcomes have been recorded, owing to the adoption of dangerous snowboarding tricks. Therefore, an aesthetic analysis of snowboarding appears significant for a comprehensive evaluation of the sport. In general, snowboarding is believed to have recorded a remarkable progress over the last five years. Stakeholders in the snowboarding sport reaffirm that, the sport has evolved extensively to reach the highest level of progression, ever since the sport was invented. A recent report indicates “eight years ago few, if any, adaptive snowboard lessons were offered; today, there are adaptive schools at most resorts and many offer snowboard lessons along with adaptive skiing techniques” (Disabled Sports par. 44). From a practical approach, the observed progression in snowboarding is attributable to the establishment of advanced training courses and adoption of new snowboarding tricks, which have offered riders with new opportunities to endure the strenuous episodes of the sport. Ordinarily, it is believed that, popularity of snowboarding has led to the development of adaptive equipments, which are ability-oriented to suit the needs of the riders. It is claimed “as snowboarding grows in popularity, options in equipment and teaching aids increase” (Disabled Sports par. 36). In recent years, snowboarding seems to have attracted more riders than it was the case one decade ago. Consequently, new snowboarders are introducing new snowboarding tricks to achiev
The U.S. international policy has often evoked a lot of discourse in the international arena. The middle of the twentieth century was marked by the Cold War that shaped U.S. approach to different countries. However, the polarized world ceased to exist in 1990s, and the USA became the only world power that had enough military capacity to reach any part of the globe (Hinnebusch, 2007). It is necessary to note that the USA used this capability from time to time. For instance, such countries as Panama and Iraq acknowledged military power of the USA. The country launched some military campaigns in Panama and Iraq within the past two decades. Panama has already recovered, whereas Iraq is only yet to become a strong and peaceful state. Therefore, it can be interesting to draw parallels between the two countries to trace the U.S. approach to different countries during the past two decades. The USA has often had quite tensed relations with Panama. Notably, such kind of relationships between neighboring countries is quite common. The relations between the USA and Panama were also aggravated due to the fact that Panama was one of the major centers of drug trafficking which had effects on the USA (Schulzinger, 2006). More so, policies implemented by the then leader of Panama, Manuel Noriega, escalated tension between the two countries (Hensel & Michaud, 2011). This resulted in the Operation Just Cause. The U.S. President George Bush justified the invasion of Panama stating that Panama’s dictator turned the country into a center of drug trafficking. Bush added that Noriega’s regime threatened American people’s lives, and democracy and peace in the region. The operation did not last long and the U.S. military forces started withdrawal within a month (Hensel & Michaud, 2011). Since then the relations between the two countries has been based on cooperation. The U.S. companies have invested into Panama’s businesses considerably (Schulzinger, 2006). Now the USA also provides financial aid which helps Panamanians to cope with various constraints that the country has to face. The relations between the USA and Panama can be compared to those between the USA and Iraq. The USA resorted to military force in Iraq as well (Kane & Taylor, 2011). The United States participated in several military operations in Iraq. The U.S. government justified military campaigns by the necessity to help Iraqis to build a democratic state. The USA claimed that the situation in Iraq jeopardized stability in the regio
Introduction Poverty is commonly understood as a state or condition in which a person or community lacks the financial resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living. Fundamentally, poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means a lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and cloth[e] a family, not having a school or clinic to go to. This is why the UN states “no poverty” as the number 1 goal of its activity. Poverty is known to have a drastic effect on population health. In particular, poverty is associated with higher rates of chronic diseases, communicable illnesses; health risk behaviors; Premature mortality. The link between poverty and health outcomes has been established and confirmed by researchers from different parts of the world. Today’s presentation aims at summarizing the current body of knowledge about the effect of poverty on health outcomes globally, nationally, and locally. Scale of Poverty Global poverty has been gradually decreasing since the 1980s. During the period of 30 years, global poverty decreased from 42.7% in 1980 to 9.3% in 2018. Poverty in the UK is currently above the world average, as more than 18% of the population lives in poverty. In 2020, 7% of the UK population lived in extreme poverty and 11% lived in sustained poverty. Effects on Health Poverty has significant effects on health outcomes. Short-term effects include stress and anxiety from an inability to afford basic living needs, decreased access to healthcare due to inappropriate transportation and lack of health insurance and engagement in risky behaviors. Strategies for Addressing Poverty The problem of poverty is being addressed on all levels. On the international level, the UN implements policies that are aimed at sustainable, inclusive, sustained and equitable economic growth. These policies are accompanied by initiatives to achieve full employment, social integration, reduced inequality, increased productivity, and improvement of the environment. In the UK, the government fights poverty through welfare benefits, minimum wage policies, free market policies to sustain economic growth, and direct provision of services and goods, such as food stamps. In Northamptonshire, the local authorities try to reduce poverty by spreading information about how to receive jobs and relevant training, improving energy efficiency, and promoting credit union services. The UK Controlling Poverty The UK has been struggling to control poverty in the country. The government implemented a series of actions that aimed at   * helping troubled families turn their lives around;   * improving mental health;   * reducing child poverty and making sure that children are properly supported so that they complete their education;   * making work pay and helping people to find and stay in work;   * helping people recover and become independent if things have gone wrong;   * working with the voluntary, public and private sectors to deal more effectively with complex problems. These aims were achieved using the “Soc
Introduction There are many motivation premises that have affected the manner in which companies manage workers in achieving an inspired work force. Such theories focus on explaining why individuals behave the way they do and provide information on aspects and policies which when adopted can get the best out of people as far as their dedication to work is concerned. Due to the complexity of the concerns worth looking into when motivating individuals, it is always a difficult undertaking when it comes to companies encouraging employees for efficient outcome. Amoako (2011) argues that the issue of what encourages employees to work efficiently is a difficult one to address. In fact, a motivation is something, which propels an individual to perform, an explanation for behaviour. Frederick Herzberg in an attempt to comprehend this issue and the aspect of work force satisfaction and encouragement in the 1970s embarked on determining the impact of mind-set on motivation through requesting individuals to tell circumstances where they felt very encouraged and very discouraged regarding their day to day duties (George & Jones, 2005). Herzberg discovered that individuals who felt motivated regarding their day to day duties gave very diverse feedbacks from the individuals who felt discouraged. The findings formed the foundation of the Two-Factor Premise. The conclusions Herzberg got from such a theory were very significant and still form the basis of good motivational work force policies in contemporary organizations (Vroom & Deci, 2009). This paper examines the literature that deals with application of two-factor theory. The research in addition makes an effort of understanding how the theory has been applied and assessed by various authors having carried out research for the same topic. Based on various studies evaluated, a practical framework suitable for most of the developing nations is to be selected. Literature Review With a view of understanding work force attitude and satisfaction, there is the need of diving into other premises and the perspectives of people regarding Two-Factor theory. The substance of the theory has broadly been considered as relevant to motivate workers to perform in organization. Additional research has indicated that the work force is more satisfied by internal aspects as illustrated in Herzberg’s theory than any other thing. Robbins and Judge (2012) emphasized on the interest Frederick Herzberg gave to motivator factors and to jobs themselves, as factors of work motivation. The authors therefore requested management to give special interest to the significant subject of work structure and its impact on worker satisfaction and organizational behaviour. Robbins and Judge (2012) advised management to focus on assigning duties that would cause work improvement and enhancement thereby growing the number of duties a worker undertakes, growing worker’s responsibility. By so doing, management would be fulfilling the motivator requirements of workforce as outlined by Herzberg. King (2005) focused on explicating and evaluating five different perspectives of the two-factor premise of employee mot
The data description A study conducted in the US in 2012 to assess the impact of the social media on food culture revealed that the use of social technology has a great impact on many aspects food culture. The study aimed to determine how Americans were learning to cook, planning their meals, selecting food ingredients, and sharing their culinary knowledge with others in the society. Half of the study participants (50%) were found to have learnt about food via social media, like Twitter and Facebook. Forty percent (40%) of the interviewees were found to have acquired information about food by visiting blogs and websites on the internet. About 47% of the participants aged between 18 and 32 years were found to rely on the internet as a source of information about food. The data showed that individual experiences about food were being influenced by the use of the social media in the 21 st century. This could imply that the culture which required individuals to learn about food from their family members is now being replaced by the use of the internet. Whereas people were traditionally considering cooking, eating, and buying opinions from their friends and family members, modern consumers are able to consider opinions of many people on the internet. The impact of the social media is so great that even people eating at home frequently send their friends the images of their meals, influencing them what to buy, cook and/or eat in the process (Kaplan and Michael 60; Mangold and David 357). The data were chosen because the social media has been shown to impact other forms of culture. Therefore, understanding the impact of the social media on food culture could help to increase the knowledge on culture changes in the 21 st century in America. Relationship between culture and individual The data show that the individual is playing great roles in changing food culture in the 21 st century America. However, it has been found that children learn about healthy food practices from their teachers during early schooling long before they could use the internet to make their food choices. The knowledge obtained from teachers by students about food could be different from what parents could offer at home. Teachers are more knowledgeable, and they could recommend food based on nutritional components (Karrebæk 6). Food socialization has been shown to impact children’s food culture in many ways. Cultural and personal differences determine the type of food children carry in lunch boxes. During food socialization, minority students could be influenced by the majority students on the type of food they consume. However, the persuasion by their peers could not be based on healthy food choices (Karrebæk 11). Children from rich families could eat expensive and unhealthy food for lunch. On the other hand, children from economically average families could eat less expensive, but healthy food for their lunch at school. Children could be impacted on the foods they should consume by their teachers in school who should
In my clinical practice, I had experience with the implementation of EPR (Electronic Patient Record), a system that brings together clinical and administrative data across different platforms. Initially, I was hugely in favor of the use of EPR in a hospital setting as it accounts for availability, legibility, and accuracy of data. However, with time, I have realized that health information technologies have both vices and virtues. The first and biggest benefit that I discovered is associated with patient satisfaction. My observations are consistent with a study by Sabahi, Ahmadian, Mirzaee, and Khajouei (2017) which revealed that 98% of patients were happy to access their laboratory results online. At the same time, as a health practitioner, I often encountered situations where my colleagues were involved in lengthy online conversations with patients who requested result interpretation. That downside to sharing health information via email was pointed out by Miller, Latulipe, Melius, Quandt, and Arcury (2016) in their study. Moreover, some medical professionals were confused about the symptom categorization that the software offered. To facilitate the implementation of HIT in a clinical setting, managers and administrators should introduce regulations concerning staff working hours to be spent on using software and educating patients. New policies should aim at preventing staff from being overwhelmed by training and use of the software (Paterick, Patel, & Paterick, 2018). Product developers should interact more closely with health practitioners to understand their needs (McGonigle, 2017). For instance, Jones et al. (2017) outline four needs: resident assessment, communication with providers, care planning, and medical interpretation. Ideally, developers should gain feedback in the beginning stage of developing a product. For instance, the Meaningful Use program was not associated with a reduction in hospital readmissions meaning that there is a lot left to be desired (Unruh, Jung, Vest, Casalino, & Kaushal, 2017). Thus, end-user testing should be a requirement since it allows for assessing the efficiency of the software.
Introduction One of the world’s most iconic TV shows, with a 25-year history, is The Oprah Winfrey Show. The show aired on U.S. TV stations and quickly earned viewers’ trust and gave Winfrey the status of a media icon. How did she earn this title, and what contribution did she make to developing the global media sphere? Winfrey’s Short Biography Oprah’s early life was not happy: unhappy family, drugs, rape, miscarriage, and suicide attempts. Winfrey did not give up and got on CBS at 19, and by the age of 22, she was hosting a morning show. Eventually, she got her famous TV show. Help of Chance While she was working for a local TV station, her colleague showed one of the tapes of the show to the director of WLS-TV. It was an epiphany. The director immediately hired a dark-skinned woman as the host. Within six months, WLS- TV got record ratings! Road to Success Feeling success and fame, Oprah founds the Harpo Inc. agency and rapidly increases the show’s audience through advertising. Her straightforward on-screen demeanor and the episodes’ themes give the Oprah Winfrey Show ratings and public acclaim. The Show’s Awards   * PCA for Favorite Talk Show — 1988   * DCA Emmy for Outstanding Makeup — 1995   * DCA Emmy for Outstanding Lighting Direction — 2006-2008   * NAACP Image Award for Outstanding News —1992-1994   * DCA Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host — 1994, 1995, 1998 PCA for Favorite Female TV Performer — 1997   * DCA Emmy for Outstanding Art Direction — 2005, 2010 BAT Award for Best Foreign Television Programme — 1994, etc. Contribution to TV  1. Raising the ratings of WLS-TV  2. Reaching the scale of national significance  3. The highest-rated show in the world  4. Narrating socially relevant topics inspires millions of viewers Oprah has Moved On  1. Oprah starred in several cult films and won three Oscars.  2. Oprah became a media mogul, launching her production of radio, magazines, and books.  3. The show’s audience before it closed was 1/8th of the U.S. population.  4. The show was broadcast in 134 countries.  5. The Oprah Effect appeared.
Introduction Teamwork refers to the process in which a group of individuals work together in order to achieve a common goal (Fraser & Hvolby 2010, pp. 74-94). In my group, we worked as a team in order to analyze Qantas’ management problems and to complete the digital story. This paper analyzes the performance of my team. Concisely, it will identify the team’s achievements and the challenges that were encountered. The analysis will be based on existing academic evidence and teamwork theories. One of the major challenges that we encountered in our team was poor communication. The team members used emails to communicate with each other on a regular basis. The rationale of using emails is that it can facilitate efficient dissemination of information. On the contrary, using emails led to delayed sharing of information and misunderstanding in our team. In a nutshell, some members took too long to respond to their emails. Moreover, some members wrote emails that were not easy to understand. According to Michelman (2004, pp. 9-11), the vision and mission of a team can only be articulated through effective communication. Despite having an ineffective communication system, we managed to set the right goals for the team. A successful team must have a set of well-defined goals. Additionally, the members must agree on the methods that should be used to achieve the goals (Tjosvold & Wong 2000, pp. 350-354). In order to choose the best strategy for achieving the goals, the members had to evaluate each alternative before selecting the best. Participation in the evaluation process led to conflicts in the team since some members insisted that their ideas had to be adopted. However, the conflicts were also beneficial because they enabled us to understand each member’s concerns regarding the team’s performance. Eventually, we adopted a set of strategies by building mutual trust and consensus. This experience was consistent with the empirical studies that have found strong evidence to support the use of trust and consensus building initiatives to overcome conflicts within a team. Andrei, Otoia and Isaila (2010, pp. 121-140), define trust as a mechanism that is socially generated and is responsible for the coordination of every action that is executed by a team. Trust is developed in
Education is of great importance in modern society and it enables individuals to achieve their professional goals and make a positive contribution to the society. Some students desire to study courses that are not available in their home countries. Others want to study in a foreign country in order to be prepared to join the global job market. To achieve their goals, these students enroll in schools that are outside their country. These students are referred to as international students since they have left their country with the aim of studying in another country. There are many advantages of being an international student. To begin with, the student becomes better prepared for the global job market. The student also gains the ability to relate with people of different cultural backgrounds. Finally, international students are able to benefit from educational services not available in their home country. However, there are some problems that the student faces. One major problem that many international students experience is homesickness. This is the feeling of distress that occurs when the student faces separation from his/her home. Homesickness in international student is caused by culture shock and the failure to meet the high expectations that the international students have about their lives in the new country. It results in poor academic performance by the student. The first major cause of homesickness is the culture shock that many international students experience. Being an international student means moving to a new country to receive an education. When the person arrives at the new country, he or she faces an unfamiliar environment. The cultural values in the country might be different from those that the student is used to. The host country might also have different attitudes towards issues such as dating and clothing. The ways of doing things might also be different causing the student to feel isolated. Since the student does not have his family and friends, he will feel alone and unable to cope with the new environment. Some students develop fear and a sense of insecurity in the unfamiliar surroundings. Culture shock might result in feelings of anxiety and isolation. These feelings lead to students experiencing homesickness. They long for their motherland where things are familiar and they feel accepted by the society. Another cause of homesickness is the disappointment that international students feel when they get to the new country. When travelling abroad to study, students have some expectations. In most cases, international students hold high expectations about the quality of their lives in the new country. In addition to this, they feel that they have the ability to perform well in class and adjust easily to the new environment. However, the realities are different and international students face many difficulties. To begin with, they might find it hard to make cultural adjustments in the new country. The