ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Holocaust in itself goes beyond describing extermination of Jews; it describes crime against humanity in general. The damage that the Holocaust caused in Europe has not been matched in history. Nevertheless, the big question remains today; who was responsible for the extermination of Jews? Well, many people believed, and still believe that, Adolf Hitler was the man behind the whole issue. Not until you read Ordinary Men by Christopher R. Browning. In the wake of the strong-held belief that Jews were responsible for the fall of German Empire, there was massive deployment of police officers to clear Jews from ghettos and exterminate them. However, Browning throws in another issue; that, ordinary men; reserve-untrained civilians; fathers; brothers got involved in this atrocious act. Browning asks, “If the men of Reserve Police Battalion 101 could become killers under such circumstances, what group of men cannot?” (189). The insinuation here is that, ordinary men got involved in the genocide. Browning traces how the Reserve Police Battalion 101 were sent to Poland; received their first command to kill at Jozefow and proceeded to exterminate thousands of innocent defenseless Jews in Erntefest. Browning reveals how these ordinary men mostly from Hamburg in Germany, turned into cold-blooded slayers albeit being given the option of withdrawing from the exercise. “Each individual policeman once again had a considerable degree of choice” (Browning 27). Nevertheless, the big question remains: what made these ordinary men turn into killers? These ordinary men did not kill because they wanted to kill. They killed because they came face to face with the victims. No wonder after they killed the first lot of Jews, “they were depressed, angered, embittered, and shaken” (Browning 69). There is the human instinct to dominate over other people when presented with the opportunity, and may be, these ordinary men opened fire impulsively to the Jews without such intentions. However, the fact that these ordinary men had been given the opportunity to withdraw from the exercise, overrules this possibility. Nevertheless, it is important to note at this point that their commanders ridiculed those who tried to move out of the operation and this takes us to the next reason why members of Reserve Police Battalion 101 became executioners. According to Browning, the members of the Reserve Police Battalion 101 never knew that they would take part in killing innocent wretched Jews (56). Before commencing the operations, the commander in charge of the Battalion allowed those who could not handle the operation to step aside to take less demanding jobs. At this point, Schmike withdrew from the g
Introduction It is usually difficult to estimate precisely how much inspiration and hard work is put into innovation. This gives the management a hard task in evaluating what and how to respond to the management of innovation. This paper will identify Drucker’s sources of innovation and discuss two of them; it will also endeavor to apply the trimming technique for a product (Jordan 1). Document one application of the Trimming technique Trimming refers to the process of doing ways with extra or an unwanted frame that may occur around the point of edit to give a smooth flow. Trimming techniques are very essential in document editing. There are several ways of trimming these include ripple and roll, among others. Trimming helps to make the required editing for documents, photos and any other applications. Ripple tool or roll is usually used by advanced editors to trim their edits as opposed to a beginner who use the arrow tool. It is essential for beginners to learn how to use ripple or roll, which makes trimming of document applications more convenient. When trimming documents, the ripple tool is useful in allowing change from one side of the edit point to another, something impracticable, when using the arrow tool. The rolling tool also allows simultaneous change of both in and out to help in a faster timing of edit point. It is therefore quite important to use these trimming techniques in document applications (Jordan 1). Discipline of innovation According to Drucker, innovation is mainly composed of inspiration and hard work, but what he tries to explore is how much of these (inspiration and hard work) actually make innovation. He comes up with seven sources of innovation that he considers as areas of opportunity. These sources include those that come from unexpected occurrences, incongruities, process needs, industry and market changes, demographic changes, and still others such as changes in perception as well as the emergence of new knowledge. This paper will consider two of his sources of innovation in its discussion of Drucker’s ideas. In this regard, the paper will discuss unexpected occurrences and new knowledge as sources of innovations (Drucker 1-9). Unexpected Occurrences Drucker explains that unexpected occurrences such as success and failure may open doors for innovation, and in turn, caving in as a source of innovation. This has been witnessed throughout the world with new inventions sometimes emerging due to unexpected occurrences. An example is the booming social networking site called Facebook. It was conceived as Facemash by Zuckerberg; it was first designed as a local network for identifying who was hot or not at Harvard University. However the unexpected booming interest and rising rate of viewers called for its expansion into a world-renowned company called Face book, Inc. Even though its predecessor Facemash failed, this did not s
TJ is a 32-year-old woman expecting a child for the first time in her life. Aside from vaginal discharge, her pregnancy has been without complications. However, there are social barriers to the normal flow of pregnancy. TJ is a lesbian, therefore, she was artificially inseminated. She primarily relies on healthcare from an obstetrician. Moreover, she has a strong family history of diabetes. The patient’s health and sexual background make gathering the pertinent information a delicate task. The goal is to acquire an accurate medical history without upsetting the patient. The major factor that increases sensitivity is her sexual orientation. McCune and Imborek (2018) write that “sexual minority women are more likely than their heterosexual peers to delay care due to cost and less likely to have a usual place of care”. Heterosexual bias in society predetermines anxiety in homosexual people, thus propelling them to ignore or hide their health issues. Building a rapport with the patient is essential in getting medical history. The second sensitive issue is the family history of diabetes. It is unknown if the patient herself had diabetes in the past. Yet, even if she had not struggled with the disease, there is a higher chance of complications, like the appearance of Gestational diabetes (Moosazadeh et al., 2017). Therefore, it is critical to know whether she had weight problems, excessive sugar consumption, and other risk factors related to diabetes. The third delicate aspect of the patient’s condition is conception. She received sperm from a local sperm bank. According to Bartal et al. (2019), conceiving a child by using donor sperm does not necessarily predetermine obstetrics complications. However, it can potentially result in “preeclampsia, preterm labor, and cesarean section” (p. 205). The patient should be made aware of these risks. An especially sensitive, but nonetheless vital question is whether she had chosen the correct sperm donor who is compatible with her health. It is essential that the biological father had no diabetes history or genetic predisposition to it. Overall, there are three factors comprising the patient’s sensitivity. Her life choices may cause anxiety both in her and in the nurses. Henderson et al. (2016) suggest several strategies for handling delicate issues. However, only two would be appropriate in this case. The firs
Introduction When the president of TerraCog Inc. introduced Project Aerial, Emma Richardson the Executive vice president had not enjoyed her usual hike to the Lake. For years the company had enjoyed market leadership for its products despite lagging behind technologically. This position was however short-lived when an insurgent threat from a rival company, posthaste, designed a new GPS called “Birds1” satellite imagery that was until then well received in the market. The major challenge that Emma faces is to get all the parties to reach an agreement on the price of Ariel, their own product. The conflicting issues caused by departmental heads have resulted in a delay in the launch of their product, this will be costly for TerraCog in the long run. Background of the company TerraCog is a Global Positioning System (GPS) Company that specializes in high-quality GPS systems whose main market has been campers, hunters and hikers. The company president is Mr. Fierro, he is assisted by Emma Richardson as the New Executive vice president. Ed Pryor is the head of sales, Allen Roth is in charge of Design and Tony Barron is the head of the production. The sales department has discovered that the new product introduced by their competitor is a much-preferred choice by customers hence the need to invent or improve on their current product. Aerial’s new GPS product would be placed at a market value of $475, $100 more than the current GPS and $75 more than the competitor product. This has raised conflict between the different departments in the company. Problems, Issues, opportunities The major issue that undermines the quick launch of the project is the cost placed on their product ($475). As a result of these, however, other problems which the company had seemingly overlooked emerged. These include poor communication between the staff and different levels of management and lack of coordination and teamwork. Poor management has escalated the problem further. The design team thought there is a hurry to launch the project when there are other projects up their sleeves. Pryor wanted the price lowered to below $425 because Birds1 is $75 lower. Production can only cut the price by 8% and this does not help solve matters at all. Possible solutions to the conflicts The myriad problems that have plagued the company require the management to come up with solutions that will help solve all their problems; both internally and externally. There is a need to nurture teamwork among their employees in order to achieve the set goals and objectives. They should avoid petty issues such as blaming each other and avoid petty issues such as blaming each others. On the footpath towards recovery, the company should consider taking the following steps; Launch project Ariel at the cost of $475 to maximize the profit margins. It could also launch Ariel immediately at the lowest price of $425 possible to capture the share of the market that is being lost to competitors. This should be considered as a short-term plan in order to give the company time to redesign and shift its policies to operate in tandem with the market conditions. The company should advance its mach
The case tells about an elderly lesbian interracial couple Ruth and Janice. They have been living together for 42 years in a small town in a Southern state. However, due to a car accident, Ruth suffered a life-threatening condition and now the couple faces a challenge that entails complications in the various fronts of life. As Ruth has to receive long-term nursing care through Medicare and Medicaid, the couple faces a financial issue associated with healthcare. In addition, during the process, Ruth and Janice had to deal with issues associated with their identity of being a lesbian interracial couple. This included issues with internalized homophobia and institutional heterosexism. After leg and shoulder surgeries, Ruth was placed in the nursing home, where the couple faced first complications, such as a heterosexual bias of workers, and the forms, which had to be filled out, did not recognize the long-term lesbian relationship as an option. Hence, there was no legal way that Janice could be legally recognized as Ruth’s official next of kin. This fact and the background of keeping their private life secret caused the couple to conceal the fact that they were in long-term intimate relationships with the staff. Nevertheless, Janice delivered clothes and personal items to Ruth and remained present in her room daily, which caused concerns among the nurses who treated her with coldness. The second challenge was financial and property concerns. As Ruth and Janice could not get married legally in this state, such a life-threatening situation made them vulnerable to the loss of property due to the death of one of the women. Hence, they had to find alternative solutions to ensure that the house they shared would belong to one of them after the death of their partner. Overall, the case resembles how vulnerable sexual minorities can be and how many more obstacles and challenges they face to receive what is considered a norm for heterosexual people. The emotional burden of a life-threatening accident was doubled by the internalized homophobia experienced by the staff and anxieties regarding the lack of legal confirmation of their relationships. Luckily, Joseph was able to help Ruth and Janice to find solutions to their challenges and protect them from institutional heterosexism via timely intervention. Reference Fernando, S. (2017). Institutional racism in psychiatry and clinical psychology . Palgrave Macmillan.
Introduction C. William Thomas is a professor (J.E Bush professor of Accounting) at Baylor University’s Hankamer School of Business. The Baylor University is a Christian University, located in Waco, Texas. The article “The rise and Fall of Enron” First appeared in the March-April magazine Issue of the year 2002 – Today’s CPA, which is a bi-monthly magazine published by the Texas Society of CPAs. C. William Thomas earned his Bachelor of Business Administration Degree (BBA) from Baylor University in 1969, subsequently earning his Master of Business Administration from the same institution two years later, in 1971. Later he earned his PhD degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 1978. He is currently a professor at the Department of Accounting and Business Law at Baylor University. Professor William Thomas lives in Lake Killarney Drive in Waco, Texas. Analysis of the Article The author, through giving the historical beginnings of Enron, introduces a Corporation that initially stayed true to the values of hard work, idealism, and an eye for innovative business ideas. The corporation hired a young Jeffrey Skilling who managed to steer it towards the path of unprecedented growth. Skilling come up with the innovative ‘gas bank’ idea where Enron would fill the existing gap between suppliers and consumers, and the resultant service fees and insurance concerns would be left at the door of Enron. This proved to be a source of huge profits for Enron as it continued to consolidate its position in the business. The corporation soon earned the admiration of industry experts and investors, and was able to hir
Introduction Coeducation refers to the education system in which students of both sexes are put together in the same educational institution unlike in singe sex schools. This paper seeks to make an argument in favor of coeducation as opposed to single sex schools. The paper will look into the arguments against coeducation and those in favor of the system with the aim of establishing an opinion in support of coeducation. Arguments against coeducation There are arguments that single sex schools are better than coeducational schools. Proponents of single sex schools, for example, highlight the fact that every student will perform better in academics in a singe sex school as compared to a coeducational one. This claim is particularly raised with respect to girls (Boarding, 2008). There are also arguments that students can learn more efficiently in the absence of their opposite sex which is viewed as a distraction. It is claimed that boys and girls learn in different ways thus the need for segregation (Lind & Brzuzy, 2008). Reported cases of sexual harassment by boys over girls in coeducational set ups also triggers arguments against coeducation (Chrisler & McCreary,
Introduction The Gerontological Society of America (GSA) is an organization, which aims to research and ensure the health and wellness of aging among American older adults. It is an outstanding institution that can serve as a benchmark for integrating multiple fields of science alongside nursing and medical procedures. The GSA’s mission statement is to strive to be a linking point of research, education, and practice of gerontology by acting as a platform for connecting the relevant professionals in the common goal. Knowledge promotion The Gerontological Society of America was built to become a catalyzer of innovations and advancements in aging. It was founded in 1945, and the given institution includes members from more than 50 countries around the world (The Gerontology Society of America, 2019). By operating both domestically and internationally, the GSA expands its reach for scientific minds and top educators globally. Its main purpose is to promote aging education, training, and multidisciplinary research by disseminating the current knowledge to scientists, nurses, and practitioners (Phillips et al., 2015). Therefore, the Gerontological Society of America is a driving force behind aging-related progress in various fields. Multidisciplinary approach Furthermore, the GSA promotes gerontology studies among every scholarly and scientific discipline. They include not only physicians, biologists, nurses, and behavioral scientists, but also policymakers, social workers, and humanities professionals. By combining and introducing the interdisciplinary approach, the GSA makes sure that all contributions are utilized in increasing the level of health wellness in the aging process. It is important to note that the Gerontological Society of America is one of the largest and oldest institutions (Carter, Solberg, & Solberg, 2017). It aims to push the progress forward in aging by not only advancing extensive research but also by educating about the findings and integrating them into practice. All of these features of the GSA make it an excellent professional and career center for many gerontology enthusiasts and specialists. Dissemination The Gerontological Society of America organizes and conducts Annual Scientific Meeting by inviting 4000 experts from all over the globe. In addition, the given event can be attended by additional 5500 members of the organization, which ensures that the discoveries and scientific knowledge can be accessed and discussed (The Gerontology Society of America, 2019). The GSA also acts as a publication platform in order to disseminate the current data and information on gerontological advancements to professionals, who are not members of the given institution. It serves as a transitional promoter fr
The works of William Shakespeare are classics of English and world literature. Based on his books, it is possible to study linguistics and construct a dramatic work and disciplines that are not directly related to literature. This paper will analyze Jeffrey R. Wilson’s article Macbeth and criminology , which explores Shakespeare’s play because of the possibility of using some elements to study the phenomenon of criminality. The overall argument is that Shakespeare is the creator of the early versions of criminology as a science by describing the protagonists’ characters and decision-making principles. Early manifestations of modern criminology can be seen in Shakespeare’s dramatic means of expression. The genre of tragedy used in Macbeth poses the question to the reader: who is responsible for committing a crime – the individual or the society? Many of the answers found in work, along with modern criminology, are involved in nature. The first chapter, “Gender and Crime in Macbeth,” shows how Shakespeare came across criminological works and how his work can be used to test existing criminological theories and create new ones (Wilson 471). The second section, “The American Dream and a Scottish Play,” shows how criminological theories can help Shakespeare’s drama’s literary analysis (Wilson 471). The third section, “Madness, Murder, and Cure in Macbeth,” shows how criminological theories can influence modern Shakespearean thinking and how current productions influenced by criminological theories can open up new perspectives on Shakespeare’s original text (Wilson 471). Thus, the source used provides diverse arguments in defense of the thesis about the possibility of using Shakespeare’s literature as the basis for the compilation of criminological theories. The first chapter of the study mainly explores the phenomenon of female perception and manifestations of crime. According to Shakespeare, Scotland in Macbeth represents a particular society with traditional patriarchal values, where men are judged for their masculinity and women for their femininity. The central thesis is that men can only show masculinity in war, and the war itself, which completes the main plot of the play, is a kind of social dynamics that allows them to change their position in society. In a culture where the amount of power you have is directly dependent on violence, one of the easiest ways to become a man in such circumstances is to become a criminal who will do anything (Wilson 475). Thus, the desire to gain masculinity can manifest itself in a committed crime, which has the likelihood of ending in tragedy, as happened in the story of Macbeth. In the play, Lady Macbeth uses her husband’s natural desire to be a man for her selfish ends, although Lord Macbeth has repeatedly shown himself fighting in the war. Upon her return, Lady Macbeth managed to force her husband to kill the king