ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction “An estimated 43% of all women will have at least one abortion by the time they are 45 years old” (Farrell 1). This statistic was reported by a sociology researcher named Farrell in a global report on abortion. To show how widespread abortion is practiced globally, it is reported that there are about 42 million abortions done in each year and more than 115,000 abortions done every day. Almost half of these abortions are illegal (Farrell 1). Certain researchers note that, abortion is practically the most common surgical procedure in the world today because regardless of the laws or moral issues surrounding the issue, abortion is a very common practice for women worldwide. Abortion is reported in all social classes, genders, religions, races (and other forms of social strata). In fact, history shows that abortion is a practice that started long time ago. Almost all societies practiced abortion, including ancient societies such as Egypt, Greece, Rome and other medieval societies (McFarlane 803). Some researchers such as Ginsburg (1) explain that, abortion is nothing short of human behavior. However, because of the ethical and moral issues surrounding the practice, it is estimated that two out of three abortions done in the world are illegal. The illegality of abortion is further marred by the fact that most illegal abortions are done by untrained providers and in non-clinical environments. Illegal abortions are reported to claim about 78,000 women annually (Farrell 1). The statistics are even higher for women who have become infertile or injured as a result of unsafe abortions since it is reported that, for every abortion-related death, there are several infertile and injured women. The number of unwanted children born from unwanted pregnancies is even higher. This phenomenon leads to child neglect and increased poverty and child abuse levels. The number of women who procure abortions sometimes recur because current statistics show that about 35 of every group of 1000 women procure abortion annually (McFarlane 803). Statistics also show that, there is no significant difference in the number of abortions done in developed and developing nations, but the illegality (or legality) of the practice has an important role to play in ensuring the safety of the procedure. In countries where abortion is illegal, it is often very unsafe to do an abortion. Accessibility is also an important issue in the abortion debate because a third of women seeking abortion services are said to lack access to legal abortions (McFarlane 803). The rate of deaths for this group of women is estimates at 330 deaths per every group of 1000 women who lack access to safe abortion (Farrell 3). In countries where abortion is legal, there are very few incidents of death. For instance, America reports only 1% of abortion-related complications and deaths because abortion is legal. The impact of abortion in the society is adverse. For instance, t
Introduction There are a variety of ways in which one can exercise power. The most common means that have been employed were to force subjects into submission by causing pain or an uncomfortable situation that the subject would not bear. The exercise of power involves two parties. The inferior who is always forced into submission and the superior who causes the power enforcement. This trend in exercising power has been a character of most countries that colonize others. However, this is not an absolute solution in itself. The question of race brings a clearer picture of this situation. There exists a division in the human beings that suggests that some races are superior to others. The means with which one administers influence over another varies with the environment involved in that situation. However, whoever wins in the power game practices dominion over the subdued, thus changing every aspect of the victim’s life. Historically, this has been a way with which identities of a people have been completely lost or given a new course because one person may perceive another one’s practice as inferior. The inferiority mind that one creates over another is intended bring change. To a great extend, as the world realizes more civilization, even the people long thought to be inferior gains some insights in knowledge and the result is that they question the power and leadership of the superior man. This is the root of colonialism. Man has tried to solve the paradox of power enforcement since time immemorial. Through generations, kings rose against one another ending into unaccountable damages. This was the physical means of perpetuating power. To the contrary, was it the reason the many countries and people failed to bring forth the question of decolonization even after the departure of the colonist? Blackness and Power Racism. This is the outcry one race. But is racism relative in the current world. Why is mentioned anyway if truly it exists, how is it exercised among people? This has been the biggest question if not a puzzle to answer. A black man is passing and young white kid is busy pestering its mother of the presence of the black man. In an oversight, the black man realizes an aura existing and decides to act rebelliously. The irony here is that once upon a time, the white kid’s ancestors ruled over the black man with an iron fist. In the face of scorn, this man has nothing to do with his situation; indeed there is a power flow from the white kid to the black adult, with no weapon or brutality involved physically. The assault the kid causes has remarkable implications. The psychological affliction that is left on the mind of the black man leaves them asking questions if they are savages or the outcasts of the society. Nevertheless, if the power that transpires between a black and white man draws such feelings, why then do we sometimes have a black man with some
Introduction The past economic problem that has been faced by More Beer Inc has necessitated the strategic reorganization of the company and this includes the reduction in the companies’ workforce. The process of preparation and execution should be done cautiously while paying attention to various legal issues. This will minimize the chances of being faced by lawsuits from the workers who have been dismissed and also keep the organization in the best place to deal with legal action that may be brought against them. Main body According to Berkowitz (2006), it is not necessary for an employer to give the employees any special notice about there dismissal unless there was a prior agreement or if there are relevant stare or federal statues. Such statues include the Workers Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN). This act applies to employee’s reduction which causes more than 50 employees being removed within a ninety day period. It can also be applied if the number of employees is 100 excluding those who are part time but including those who work a total of 4000 hours per week plus overtime. This will not be relevant in the case of More Beer Inc since a maximum of five people are to be fired. Warn requires an employee to give a sixty days notice before the relationship with the employee is terminated. (U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration Fact Sheet. (n.d.)) It is imperative to ensure that the reason for a person’s dismissal is written and the affected people informed as soon as possible. Clear reasons for the reduction of the members of staff will aid in the defense of lawsuits. If the employees get a thourouhg understanding of the conditions that necessitated the reduction in the workforce, lawsuits brought about by misunderstanding will be avoided. (D’Ambrosio, 2001) The selection process of which particular employee is to be removed is very important because the way it is done can lead to legal action beign brought against the firm. Issues of favouritism and unfairness can come the process will have to be fair, transparent and easy to comprehend. The layoff selection system can be according to the persons past performance, skills, or contribution to the person’s contribution to the capital of organization, and the person’s seniority in the company. (Berkowitz, 2006), The best mode to use should be one that will ensure that the company is able to reduce staff as much as possible without distracting the companies operations and profits. This means the people who are chosen to go should be the wane with the least performance. People who have had many cases of absenteeism and poor performance should be the first ones to go because they add little value to the company. It is
Do Muslim women really need to save? Anthropological reflections on cultural relativism and its others by Abu‐Lughod explore the theme of Muslim women, feminism, and a narrow Western view of the Muslim world. Abu‐Lughod shows how historical colonialism has shifted to ethnocentrism and currently transforms into cultural relativism. The article raises awareness of the necessity to accept differences and builds an understanding of colonialism, ethnocentrism, and cultural relativism. Colonialism is the cultural and political domination of one society by the other. Abu‐Lughod relays the topic using French and British colonial histories as an example. British colonialism was justified by colonial feminism, which mostly revolves around the notion that colonized countries’ women need to be saved from their domestic cultural practices (Abu‐Lughod, 2002). Similarly, French colonialists were obsessed with Muslim women and unveiled them, believing they saved said women from barbaric customs (Abu‐Lughod, 2002). The author then proves the absurdity of such colonial rhetoric, showing that colonialism is nothing more than a cultural and territorial conquest. Ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s culture is better than the other, is common to many Western influencers, feminists, and politicians. Abu‐Lughod (2002) states that they constantly try to impose Western culture on Muslim women without questioning their cultural views. The rhetoric that Muslim women need to be saved is ethnocentric in nature and comes from the idea that Western culture is somehow superior while Muslim culture discriminates against women. Finally, cultural relativism is the idea that one’s culture should not be used as a ‘benchmark’ of other cultures. Although relativism is much better than colonialism and ethnocentrism, it does not consider Western “responsibilities for the situations in which others in distant places have found themselves” (Abu‐Lughod, 2002, p. 789). Abu‐Lughod (2002) argues that it is too late for relativism, while a more personal approach is needed: respect for differences and consideration of how the Western world can help Muslim women. Cultural relativism is a bystander approach to the iss
Introduction As competition in businesses increase, international companies continue to develop dynamic strategies that can allow them survive in the current global market. Emirates Airline is one such company that enjoys the fruits of proper strategic planning and implementation of employee engagement and retention systems across the globe. This paper seeks to analyse various strategies Emirates Airline employ in human resource sector. Similarly, the paper will seek to outline the benefits of such programs to global business entities. Company Vision and Mission All business entities boast of missions and visions for the venture. Emirates group believes in caring for employees, relevant stakeholders, environment, and communities, as well as strive towards ensuring adequate service to these groups of people ( The Emirates Group par. 1). However, the company’s visions and missions must accompany such factors to ensure production lies within the expectations of the venture. Emirates airline believes that ambitious and well-calculated decisions made by a stable and strong management team create great organisations. The company does not only believe in ethical leadership for its success, but also caring for the communities it serve and the environment as well. Leadership Style and Human Resource Management at the Emirates Airline Success of an organisation relies on the financial muscles of the entity and the leadership structure in place for successful implementation of strategies that are essential for high productivity. For any organisation to succeed in implementing a strategy, effective and efficient leadership structures are necessary. Leadership an essential element in the success of businesses since it instils a motivating culture and positive attitudes in employees in order to work towards meeting their targets. In order for an entire workforce to engage in activities towards a common goal, a suitable leadership team is necessary to give directions and offer supervision functions (Ilgen and Pulakos 54). The Emirates Airline has an outsourcing partnership with Infosys Technologies from India through it technology solutions arm, Mercator. Apart from hosting other Middle East Airlines, Mercator offers loyalty solutions, cargo operation, and revenue accounting. In essence, the airline company does not outsource services like departure control, reservations, and revenue accounting since its technology solutions arm is tasked with such services. Charismatic style of leadership plays an integral role in the success of Emirates Airline. His Highness Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum proudly integrates patience and consensus building among the work force to come up with the most viable production strategies. The free-area thinking strategy helps in the development of successful and
According to research, an economic recession happens at the time when growth declines. In most cases, this happens when there is a reduction in the demand by consumers (Cashell, 2010). This is because as total demand in the economy declines, companies stop escalating, as a result they stop hiring. With time the situation gets worse and the companies start firing their employees. The level of unemployment rises, purchasing power drops and consumer purchases drop even further and house prices begin to decline. The economic crisis of 2008 had its origin in the U.S. Most economists held responsible the mortgage market for the decline. It is clear that no one knew the worst economic crisis could occur in2008. The results were severe as the economy was forced to freeze. The freezing of the economy is attributable to the shrinking of profits as well as collapse of several companies that had managed to employ thousands of employees. The market could be answerable although again there should be the main cause that made the problem to spread in the whole mortgage market of the United States, as well as the entire world. Remarkably, the Lehman’s Brothers had much of its investment in the mortgage market. Though Lehman’s Brothers knew that the sub-prime mortgage market was quite risky for its investment, it is amazing to see Lehman’s Brothers’ bold measure towards investing heavily in the sub-prime mortgage market. The main target of investing in the sub-prime mortgage market was to capture large profits considering that this market attracted high interest rates. However, the market proved to be risky due to high levels of bondholders defaulting to pay the interest rates and the subsequent principals. The attractive real estate market led to high demands and as a result, house prices went up. Many people called it the housing bubbles. In this incidence, the rising inflation prices of assets tend to exceed that for incomes making it quite difficult to purchase assets from ones’ income. Specifically, the mortgage market became volatile and predicting the interest was not easy since interest rates could deviate with large margin. For instance, in a single day, Dow Jones recorded an intra-day range of 1000 basis points the worst intra-day range ever since its inception. Such huge margins were attributed to lack of confidence in the mortgage market forcing many investors to withdraw their stocks in companies that had invested much in the mortgage market especially the sub-prime mortgage market. People thought that mortgage associated companies were looking forward to make a lot of profits only to be shocked by the instabilities that were later realized in this market. The consequence of the collapse of Lehman’s Brothers was selling some of its units at a lower price. The company tried as much to compensate bondholders though with a lot of difficulties. Lehman’s Brothers caused mayhem in the economy considering that large financial institutions had co
Risk Management Plan: New Employees The risk management plan for new employees or physicians (in this case) is designed to offer information and training sessions needed to ensure that all new employees are familiarized with the healthcare facility services, processes, culture, and systems (Southern Maine Health Care, 2016). The plan defines various issues, including patient safety, treatment standards, ethical practices, compliance, emergencies, and competencies among others. It is currently observed that many hospitals strive to stay competitive in the highly dynamic healthcare industry with heavy regulations and risks. Consequently, hospitals have opted to acquire physician practices and/or employ individual physicians. However, as many more physicians become employees of healthcare facilities, some hospitals have failed to conduct thorough risk assessment based on the new possible medical malpractice liabilities. New physician employees present new risks. Conventionally, hospitals have employed specialists working within their facility environments, which provided effective risk control and management. Today, however, in addition to hospital-based physicians, healthcare facilities have hired many physicians who generally deliver services in their offices situated outside hospitals. This implies that such physicians are not within the control of hospitals. Of course, various specialties expose hospitals in different ways (Craciun, Mankad, & Lynch, 2015). New physicians expose the hospital to new types of risks and liabilities (Jones, 2015). Likewise, risks can also increase based on new services introduced and new physicians hired to offer them. Thus, there are risks associated with hiring new physicians. The new employee risk management plan is extremely important for hospitals. The recommended administrative steps and processes contrasted with risk management plan Before the hospital hires new physicians, it is imperative to assess medical malpractice risks. First, the hospital should conduct risk identification by evaluating historical data on malpractice claims for new physicians hired. Data can be mined to determine the extent of the exposure (Jones, 2015). Once critical issues have been identified, the risk management department can decide to mitigate risks by alterations in protocols or behaviors or dismiss such physicians from the facility. Although the hospital has risk management physician orientation plan, it does not directly account for risks associated with newly hired physicians. Instead, it focuses on enhancing a culture of care and reducing mortality and morbidity. Second, risk management also requires credential process assessment. That is, the hospital should evaluate its own risk management plan and credentialing procedures to ensure that it can positively identify physicians with history of malpractices and claims, or physicians with disciplinary issues and lack hospital privileges. T
Background Information of the Case Based on the initial frozen semen sales agreement between the claimant (Phar Lap Allevamento) and the respondent (Black Beauty Equestrian), the claimant, who is also the seller, agreed to provide 100 frozen semen doses. The respondent, who is also the buyer, agreed to pay $100,000, not to be refunded fee, per insemination amount from the English Thoroughbred and Nijinsky III (Kroll, 2019, p. 13). In the agreement’s conditions and circumstances, the seller gave no assurances or promises, indirect or articulated, as to any semen ability to fertilize provided within the accord terms, among other prerequisites. On their part, the agreement terms saw the buyer is responsible for compliance with requirements for the registry for frozen semen use and payment of any additional fee for the subsequent registry, among many other needs. The parties had agreed to a purchase price that was to be paid in two installments. The first installment, due on May 18, 2017, was $5,000,000, and the second similar installment was due on January 21, 2018. In three shipment installments, Phar Lap Allevamento dispatched the first 25 DDP doses on May 27, 2017 (Kroll, 2019, p. 14). The second and third shipment installments of 25 and 50 were released on October 3, 2017, and January 23, 2018, respectively (Kroll, 2019, p. 14). However, the agreement was made when both the Equatoriana and the Mediterraneo were engaged in free trade. With the opening two shipments absolute, the recently selected Mediterraneo president, President Ian Bouckaert, broadcasted a 25% duty on farming goods from the Equatorianans two months prior to the last consignment. The announcement by the Mediterraneo president came as a sudden and complete surprise. Regardless of the clear intent of the president to safeguard the country’s undeveloped sector, the agreement did not include the 25% tax in the accord between the applicant and the respondent (Kroll, 2019, p. 6). The terms of the deal became worse with the Equatoriana regime imposing a 30% tax upon all farming supplies from Mediterraneo, a move aimed to retaliate against the security gauge by the Mediterraneo administration. Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) CISG gives a homogeneous, modern, and just regime for treaties for intercontinental sales of goods. The United Nations show the contribution to international agreements is to significantly introducing certainty in commercial exchanges and a decline in costs of transaction (United Nations. 2000). CISG’s relevance in international trade is by providing a careful balance between the parties involved. With CISG’s implementation, the accord between Black Beauty Equestrian and Phar Lap Allevamento would avoid any recourse to rules of private international law towards determining the applicable law to the contract. The CISG would further significantly add to the predictability and certainty of the agreement sales between the t