ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Current Strategy of Sony Sony is one of the most common brands in almost all the households across the globe. This is because Sony has been recognized to be among the leading brands in the electronic industry. Essentially, Sony is a major corporation which is headquartered in Tokyo. This company was formed in 1946 when two Japanese engineers, that is, Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita set to establish their own company. During this phase, Sony had only 20 employees (Chang 2011). Currently, this company employees over 168,000 people worldwide. Much of the strategic thinking of the hugely successful Sony Company has focused on lifestyle as the key determinant of a product. However, following the commitment of the company to focus on small – screen, portable television set in the early 1960s, Sony acknowledged the need to constantly re-evaluate the company’s scope in consumer electronics, and this philosophy led to the walkman stereo which was introduced in 1979 (Ferrell, Hirt & Linda 2006). Through skilful innovation and creativity Sony became aware of the importance of understanding the changing social attitudes and behaviour in order to develop more of what the company’s executing later called software thinking. Essentially, its music and motion pictures are rated to be among the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. The Sony brand has been ranked among the top 100 brands in the world. This implies that it is worth over $11 billion. Despite all these, Sony faces certain challenges (Hill & Gareth 2007). For instance the financial crisis which ht the globe in 2007 disturbed Sony’s operating environment. This was characterized by decreased demand on their products which led to losses which were recorded in the year which ended March 31, 2009. In order to counter this, the Sony management initiated a string of measures which were aimed at curtailing this trend and ensuring that the brand remains to be among the leading brands (Hill & Gareth 2007). Among the strategic plans that Sony is working on include carrying out a restricting process that would ensure that the organization retails its vitality. In addition, since the year 2010, Sony has been working on reducing operational costs. This has been further seen with the resolution to reduce and eventually stop producing items which were not profitable to the organization. These changes are based on ‘the transformation 60’ which entails the process of clarifying the purpose of the organization with an emphasis on structure and technology and ensuring that the organization is in a position of sustaining the projected profit margins. The Strategy Being Adopted by Sony to Regain Lost Market Share As a company, Sony places a lot of emphasis on innovation and technical advancement. This was characterized with the walkman which Sony brought into the market. Furthermore, the introduction of the Viao notebook has also played a key role. It is worth mentioning that Sony tries to achieve its goal of playing a significant role in various sectors which have brought forth these positive results. The introduction of the HD version of the flat screen television has
You have completed updating your project status in Microsoft Project and posted your completed file to your company’s web server for everyone to access. Is this project communication? Why or why not? Project communication requires that, there be proper coordination between several parties prior to making the project information available to the public. It is prudent that after updating one’s project status in Microsoft word, the same should be forwarded to the project manager, the executive committee, and other organizational departments and even outside resources such as consultants, suppliers, and agencies that may have helpful information to be integrated. Therefore, posting the completed project information to the company’s web server for everyone to see before presenting the same to these other parties may not be regarded as project communication (Gray and Larson, 2008). Identify and briefly describe the three types of constraints that can affect how you schedule resources Constraints may refer to a factor that may hinder the options of executing the project. Constraints may comprise performance requirements including being able to meet environmental guidelines and recycling targets. They may also entail schedule and budget shortcom
Introduction Language is said to be a system that tries to place meaning to a word, but for people to agree on a word in relation to the intended meaning, then there must be the universal acceptance of the intended meaning (Hu, 2001, cited in Yang, Suiping, Hsuan-Chih & Rayner, 2009). Semantics is the study of signifiers in relation to their denotation. It forms the basis of communication and language in totality. Traditionally, semantics ware meant to express sense, but through the development and metamorphosis of language, it has developed to inculcate different linguistic units like synonym, metonym, hyponym and other compounds. In linguistic terms, semantics try to define and explain how meaning is able to attach itself within the smaller units to form chunks of sentences that have a logical meaning. On the other hand, syntax is defined as the study of the structure, arrangement and the principle that governs the sentence structure of any particular language. With respect to semantic and syntactic use in aid of communication through language, it is prudent to understand that in sentence comprehension, there are two basic formats. This includes modular or syntax -first model which constitute psycholinguistic model. In syntactic-first model, it is assumed that people base their language on a syntactic structure that is built around word category, which is independent of their thematic role. Comparing the early Indo-European languages in terms of word processing, what comes out significantly is the presence of event related potential (ERP). This comes out as a result of the study undertaken to identify between semantics and syntactic which comes first in their integration to form a temporal structure (Friederuici & Kotz, 2003 cited in Yang, Suiping, Hsuan-Chih & Rayner, 2009). In Chinese, the EPR is non existent in the mandarin language. Comparison between Chinese language and Anglo-Germanic languages To be better placed to understand the difference in semantic and syntactic in the Chinese language as compared to other Aglo-Germanic languages, the survey conducted by Friederuici and Kotz gave significant disparities in the mandarin construction of words. According to the survey, it was established that through ERP experiments where a table was constructed, ba was the construction with regard to ending a sentence with a verb acting as the aspect marker. Under normal schematics, a sentence would adhere to the SVO construction, but this order defied this structure to form S ab OV structure.s In the sentence, the “ba” comprises of a subject, thus making it to be a noun phrase (NP1). If the “ba” is accompanied by an obligatory noun, phase NP and an article, then it forms what is regarded as the NP2. In an ideal sentence structure, this is followed by a verb phrase which consists of a verb and any constitute that
Introduction The role of brain in learning is vital for people living in this world due to the extreme necessity in contemporary conditions of fast-growing technological prospects and ideas for life. In this respect the project is evaluated on the grounds of two journal articles with mere similar researches in terms of memory skills and capacities of the brain in learning. The paper is full of details as of the researches and their results with points on the appropriate audience and contributions which were made afterwards. Both articles are relatively modern in estimation and provide a scope of specific information as of brain activity and its phases while learning a definite material, the functions of it, and the work and significance of the memory for contemporary life. The structure of the paper falls into the discussion and evaluation of both articles in the sequential order with their summaries and findings according to the issue of brain activity. This topic was selected due to the enigmatic nature of brain opportunities which are used by a man in a little proportion to a real power of brain and every process related to it. Discussion First of all, it is necessary to mention the first journal article ‘Brain plasticity and behavior’ by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw in Annual Review of Psychology , Vol. 49, 1998. In this article the authors are trying by means of the scientific approach to estimate the brain and behavior correlations for future working out of the proper methodology in terms of neural changes considered with the processes of behavior manifestation under different circumstances. The research takes into account such methods as Analysis of Behavior and Analysis of the Brain (Kolb & Whishaw, 1998). In this respect main efforts are directed at the question of plastic change of brain before, during, and after acquisition of skills, on the one hand. On the other hand, the researchers provide a scope of constructive reasoning about neuronal activity of the brain in the time framework of the whole life. The research considered the closely related audience familiar with biopsychology in its behavioral implementation and methods of making out the behavioral approach in its rational emotive, dialectical, and cognitive behavioral therapy. The work is concentrated over previously made conclusions and findings of contemporary psychologists and medics in peculiarities of brain-to-behavior relation. The main approaches of how the research was done are reckoned with the experience in comparison with cha
Introduction For decades, all the banks across the globe have focused on earning big money from corporate clients. However, things have radically changed. Banks are awash with excess liquidity; interest rates are decreasing. Corporate do not borrow from banks in a big way due to a variety of reasons like economic slowdown, infrastructural constraints etc. Under this scenario, banks are forced to look into the retail segment for lending, and, therefore, the spotlight has now shifted to the retail sector. Banks across the globe are tripping over themselves to enter new segments – car loans, consumer loans, housing finance, educational loans, credit cards etc. The big bonus for banks came in the form of the Securitization Bill, which gave banks and institutions opportunity to recover from bad debts. Retail Banking is a new mantra for all the banks (Gorton and Metrick 20). Banks hold a significant share in the U.S economy. The greater portion of money is held in form of credit in banks, mortgage firms and other financial institutions. If the liquidity position of banks is compromised, an instant shortage hits the economy immediately, that is why the results of such a situation are felt in all the parts of the country. In 2008, the U.S Federal Reserve provided favourable conditions for banks as it reduced the lending interest rates. This replicated in the entire banking sector, which reduced their lending interest rates. People started taking out loans in large amounts. Prices of goods, therefore, increased as a r
There are a large number of poets worldwide that have composed thousands of poems. Poems composed consist of various things. For example, there are different language devices in poems while others are structured in various manners. This is due to reason that different authors are influenced by different circumstances, and write at diverse time. Also, different authors have diverse intentions of writing poems. Jane Kenyon has composed a number of poems. These poems are of different types. The types include; narrative poems, lyric poems, and dramatic poems. Jane Kenyon is a poet among other well known poets. She was born in Ann, Arbor, in Michigan during the year 1947. She then grew up in Midwest. She studied in the University of Michigan where she obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in1970.She also acquired a Masters in Arts in the year 1972.Still in 1972, she got married to Donald Hall. This man was also a poet. They then went to live in Eagle Pond farm, in New Hampshire. They lived here for twenty years. She was suffering from blood cancer, which disturbed her in her life. However, she did not lose hope in doing work of poetry. In her lifetime, she published several poetic books. They are; Constance, Let Evening Come, the Boat of Quiet Hours, and From Room to Room. Jane Kenyon and her husband participated in an Emmy award-Winning Bill Moyers documentary, in the year 1993. Her death took place even before the publishing of her collection of poems. She died of Leukemia in April 1995 (Peseroff, 105. 2005) The title of the poem The book “Otherwise: New and Selected Poem” consists of various poems that Jane Kenyon collected with the help of her husband, Donald Hall. The title of the book is derived from the heading of one of the poems that were composed by Jane Kenyon in her poetic life. The title of the poem is “Otherwise”. The title of the poem is greatly influencing stylistic devices used in the poem especially repetition. This paper is all about the discussion of the poem with the title ‘Otherwise’. The title of the poem ‘Otherwise’ is bringing out its theme. This title ‘Otherwise’ has greatly influenced the meaning of the poem. This is because it is trying to make it clear that is not a must for one to wake up early in the morning. The title explains that what is supposed to happen can fail. In other words, it is not a guarantee that everything one does his or her chore every day. By the use of the word otherwise, the author is showing readers that instead of waking up in the morning strong enough to perform daily chores, anything can happen to hinder it. Jane Kenyon’s intent The poem shows how Jane Kenyon struggled in her last days of illness. She narrates
Introduction Historical pre-conditions, oppressive political regimes, and socioeconomic conditions give rise to different types of terrorism. They make terrorism a multi-faceted and complex issue. This paper provides a critical analysis of the moral connotation of two types of terrorism. State-sponsored terrorism and non-state terrorism According to McCauley (2007), a state becomes a terror actor when it uses repressive tactics such as imprisonment, oppression, and death against its perceived enemies. On the other hand, non-state terrorism involves rebel groups engaging in terror activities with the aim of destabilizing government operations. Both groups are morally wrong. However, from an ethical perspective, I feel that state-sponsored terrorism is more morally wrong than non-state terrorism. State-sponsored terrorism is more morally wrong than non-state terrorism First, state-sponsored terrorism corrupts the moral standing of a nation. A state radicalizes the minds and hearts of society when it uses imprisonment, oppression, and individual assassination to thwart non-state terrorism. These tactics do not reduce the risks of terrorism. Instead, they serve as powerful terrorist-recruiting tools in the nation. They undermine efforts aimed at fighting terrorism (Stritzke & Lewandowsky, 2009). Secondly, the damage caused by state-sponsored terrorism outstrips the damage caused by non-state terrorism. McCauley (2007) notes that for every innocent life lost due to non-state terrorism in the twentieth century, state-sponsored terrorism causes more than 280 deaths of innocent civilians. For instance, Tony Blair lamented in 2001 that terrorists have no moral values when they slaughter innocent civilians. This message was shared across the world. However, based on false terrorism intelligent statements, Tony Blair was one of the principal architects of the Iran invasion in 2003. The Iraq war caused approximately one million deaths of the Iraq civilians. This is 300 times the number of civilians, who died during the September 11th terrorist attacks. It is also vital to note that states that sponsor terrorism are signatories to the international human rights declarations and conventions. The engagement of these states in terrorism is a violation of their commitments in international human rights (Shanahan, 2009). On the other hand, non-state terrorists are not bound by such treaties. They cannot be charged for going against their agreements. Therefore, a state that sponsors terrorist activities lacks moral support because its terror activities claim civilian lives. Furthermore, governments use counter-terrorist activities to deal with non-state terrorism (Shanahan, 2009). I acknowledge that terrorism is morally wrong, but the use of state-sponsored terrorism to counter non-state terrorism i
Introduction The Book Thief is a novel by an Australian writer Markus Zusak. Published in 2005, it tells the story of World War II, as experienced by a 10-year-old girl and other inhabitants of a small town. It focuses on people’s day-to-day life under the Third Reich. The protagonist uses words and writing to survive, which shapes her identity and allows her to connect with others. This essay will examine some of the themes and characters in the story, as well as provide my opinion on the novel in general. Summary The story, narrated by Death, takes place in a fictional town of Molching, near Munich, Germany, from 1939, just before the start of World War II, through 1943. It follows a girl named Liesel, as she loses her little brother to an unnamed sickness and is subsequently adopted by Hans and Rosa Hubermann in their house on Himmel Street. Her only possession at the time is a book stolen from an apprentice grave-digger, even though she is illiterate. Throughout the novel, Liesel learns to read and write with Hans’ help, and stealing and reading books becomes an integral part of her life. She also encounters several characters in Molching. Eventually, the Hubermanns take in a young Jewish man named Max, allowing him to hide in their basement. There, and he and Liesel become friends as they bond over books. Max writes his story, The Standover Man , by painting over pages of Mein Kampf and gives it to the girl. As World War II progresses, Hans and Max get taken away, and Liesel finds solace in reading to the others in the bomb shelter where they have to stay. She writes her book, titled The Book Thief, wondering “exactly when… words started to mean not just something, but everything” (Zusak 30). Later, the Allies bomb Molching, killing most inhabitants of Himmel Street, but sparing Liesel. Death reveals that she and Max both survived the War, and Liesel dies of old age in Sydney, surrounded by children and grandchildren. Characters Death serves as the story’s narrator. While he does not interact with other (living) characters in any way, or affect any events, it is his commentary and observations that serve to provide details, clarification, and context to what is happening. Shields points out that he “acts as the objective, non-judgmental witness who has no allegiance to any nation or grouping of peoples and is, instead, the impartial observer” (6). In a way, he is a tool for the author to interject with his perspective of the events without disrupting the flow of the story. Setting a supernatural being outside of the human world allowed the author to use vivid and descriptive, but also unusual language to create another layer of separation between the reader and the story’s events. Death’s manner of speech makes heavy use of defamiliarization: “words are dislocated from their normally accepted meanings, thus making the reader observe life differently” (Webb 73). It adds characterization to Death while allowing the author to maintain a light-hearted tone through
Summary The strategy of international business refers to arrangements that facilitate execution of commercial activities between businesses and firms that are located in two or more countries. They are profit maximization programs that are executed by businesses in order to sell their services and products internationally. Basically, the strategies boost global business competition. Determining the ideal time to expand globally should not bother any business because there are no parameters that can be used to measure when a business should go global. Factors like size of business, the capital structure and duration spent in business are not enough to establish the exact time to go global. In this regard, any businessperson who is ambitious and enthusiastic about going global should do so as soon as possible. Business operators are only required to understand simple things when formulating the international business strategies. These factors include:  1. Determining the target customers.  2. Establishing how such customers will define the value in the products supplied by the business.  3. Laying down the strategies on how to keep up with the prevailing market trends in the country of choice.  4. Determining the ways of increasing the product’s market share. Traditionally, no business that operates in a country can exist independently. It has to partner with a foreign country in one way or the other. The supply chain clarifies that businesses expand as a result of their trade with other global businesses. The need for companies to go multinational did not occur recently. It is a topic that commenced in the 1960s. Since then, various business analysts have confirmed that the key to turn an economy into a modern one is creating multinational companies. In order to ensure that the strategy of international business is encouraged, various international strategies have been formulated. Lessons Learnt from the Strategy of International Business The strategy of international business is very helpful. This mechanism is sure way of gaining competitive advantage over others. For instance, if a business operates in a domestic environment that is saturated, going global will ensure that it diversifies its operations and in this way it will be able to earn profit regardless of the economic situations in the home country. The most commonly used international strategies that a company can use are:  1. The global standardization strategy. This strategy aims to ensure that a growth in profits is achieved. The strategy advocates for cost reduction by promoting economies of scale.  2. Localization strategy. A businessperson who applies this strategy should ensure that customized products are provided. It is the best strategy to use if a businessperson operates in an environment where customers honor their tastes and preferences. Customers from various countries have different tastes and preferences. As a result of this, a business should supply goods and services that match with the requirements of the buyers. Generally, the strategy of international business i