ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The present analysis is devoted to the fourth chapter of Rick Altman’s work “Film/Genre,” which is concerned with the question of whether genres are stable. The author briefly describes the previous developments in the interpretation of genres (which involves the idea of them being historical phenomena and, later, stable and recurring ones) and poses the questions on the permanence, coherence, difference, and change in the area. Altman seeks to answer these questions through the analysis of suitable primary and secondary sources. The first argument that the author cites consists in the use of nouns and adjectives in the names of genres that tend to change (in particular, lead to the liberation of the adjective, as a result of which it becomes a noun), get new meanings (as in the case of epic poetry and epic films), and split in multiple subgenres (as in the case of comedy and probably the majority of other older genres). The author analyses these cases and suggests that to become “liberated,” an adjective has to stop being added to any other genre and become connected to a particular type of material while also becoming accepted by the public, even if the latter condition is carried out by the public unconsciously. This preliminary analysis allows the author to suggest that genre could be considered as a process (or a by-product of this process), which can be regarded as the main thesis of the chapter. The author proceeds to show that Hollywood was never interested in the strict differentiation of genres because it would not be economically feasible; however, it would be economically reasonable to develop new “cycles” of films that may in time become accepted as a full-fledged genre. Naturally, such a development would make it less feasible for the studio that has created the future genre, but it would also push the studio to create new proto-genres. Altman’s then proceeds to develop several models of the genre process and finishes with the suggestion to regard it as something non-automatic, non-imminent, non-linear, and non-finished. The primary sources that the author has chosen include posters and particular films that are briefly analyzed to prove the lack of Hollywoods’ interest in strict genre differentiation. There are a few direct references to other works on genre or film research, and, apart from that, the author refers to the general scientific achievements (for instance, the discussion of the historical development of the approach to genre and discourse). Also, Altman uses the Linnaean taxonomy t
A positive attitude nurtures the leader, the business, and all subordinates under that leader. Indeed, this is one of the ways attitude informs leadership effectiveness. The example of Jack Ma, a Chinese business mogul, comes to mind when discussing attitude and leadership. Jack Ma was declared one of the wealthiest people in the world in 2017 and also listed among the world’s top 50 greatest leaders (Hill, 2016, 32). Ma employs a motivational and transformational leadership style that allows his subordinates to grow career-wise. Hill (2016, 19) argues that a leader’s greatest achievement is maintaining highly motivating subordinates. The driven subordinates will then make sure that business objectives and targets are met, ensuring profitability. Sander (2017) argues that a positive attitude is achieved through a spiraling approach. A leader that embraces a positive attitude will pass the same to his or her subordinates. In turn, a positive work environment will be established where a majority of the employees are productive. Additionally, a positive attitude ensures leadership effectiveness as it encourages a favorable look at failure. Sander (2017, 41) argues that many leaders fail as they condemn failure. However, failure in business should be seen as a prerequisite to success. The way a leader will handle failure will make or break his or her team. Jack Ma has been categorical in explaining how his failures helped him become the man he is today. For example, Ma applied for 30 jobs and failed each of them. Additionally, he failed his university entrance examination four times. However, his positive attitude took the failures as lessons learned and he was able to turn them into a positive life and business lesson. It is important to note that a whatever-it-takes attitude also contributes highly to leadership effectiveness (Maxwell, 2018, 105). Here, Steve Jobs serves as the best example. Steve Jobs was the co-founder of Apple. He has been criticized for being arrogant and mean. Despite this, he has also been described as one of the greatest leaders of this century. It can be argued that Jobs had a whatever-it-takes attitude. Several things make the said attitude great for business management. For instance, such a leader will create a suitable environment to allow subordinates to work on their own and solve arising problems on their own (Maxwell, 2018, 106). Hill (2016, 17) agrees that a great leader will give his or her subordinates room to grow. Steve Jobs inspired trust in his subordinates. This not only helped his employees grow and in turn increase productivity and profitability but also made it easier for Jobs to focus on other business matters. Maxwell (2018, 106) states that a leader who embraces a whatever-it-takes attitude should also cultivate it into the organizational culture and in his or her team. The stated can be achieved through proper orientation and training of the company goals and values. Indeed, analyzing the leadership style of Steve Jobs, one can confidently say that he cultiv
Introduction In the proposed scenario, the role of the organization in the prevention and minimization of workplace stress and conflict was minimal. The organization did not have appropriate strategies to prevent miscommunication in one of its core departments – recruitment – and that is why the company needs to address this issue through certain changes. First, the fact that the management did not see the issue could be due to the organization having too many departments or hierarchal layers. To prevent miscommunication and workplace stress in the future, the company must establish a system of workplace climate supervision where the head of each department would be responsible for the communication within the department. The chosen employees should be equipped with thorough training on building a positive environment and supporting employee relations to minimize stress levels. Also, the management needs to establish weekly individual meetings with the heads of the departments to check on their progress, since communication with the management is one of the most important pillars for communication within the company (Harter & Atkins, 2015, para. 5). Identifying and solving problems in a team On the other hand, my abilities in the proposed scenario enabled making certain modifications to the current schemes, thus allowing me to tackle the issues such as lack of tracking of the candidates’ process and poor communication within the department. This can be explained by the fact that it is easier for a regular worker in the department to see certain smaller issues and propose solutions. For instance, a tracking system for the candidates allows the employees in the department to see at what stage the applications are at the moment and answer any questions the candidates may have based on their progress. However, I failed to examine the specific types of mistakes committed by the team, which could help to find a better solution to the issues. Because the recruiters rarely work in groups, however, the lack of cohesiveness within the HR team has to be addressed by the management as it might require organizational changes to solve it. Given that the suggested solutions are implemented on a team-level, they might not be sufficient in addressing such a major issue as work stress and employee conflict. For instance, the tracking system will not be extended to other departments due to the lack of need. A buddy system, on the other hand, is quite a complex solution that does not quite fit the department. For instance, the nature of work in the HR department requires more individual work than cooperation, and the introduction of the buddy system will most likely disrupt the usual workflow. On the other hand, there is the potential to use this system in other areas of the organization, for instance, to ease the induction of new employees in all departments of the organization. Finally, the introduction of weekly team meetings does not quite serve the purpose of the improvement process either. Individual
The sixth Chapter of D. Graber, D. McQuail and P. Norris’s work The Politics of News:The News of Politics is concerned with the role of the press in the Health Care Reform debate of 1993-1994. Its authors, K.H. Jamieson and J.N. Capella, claim that the press in 1993-1994 covered the health care reform debate with the same techniques that are applied to campaigns for public office (Jamieson and Capella, p. 110). The main arguments that the authors suggest are:   * Inconsistent use of labels for the alternative plans minimized the likelihood that the public would understand the details of any of them;   * The conflicts frame narrowed public focus to two plans, minimizing the abilities of the others;   * The reporters emphasized the Whitewater scandal over the substance of health care reform at a critical point in the debate’s progression;   * The reporters’ focus on the strategy of the players in the debate rather than on the substance deprived the public of useful information about health care reforms alternatives;   * The forces opposing reform received disproportionate coverage in print and broadcast media. As reporters focused on some plans rather than on others, they made their elements more salient and increased the likelihood that polls would ask and citizens express approval or disapproval. Without a public airing, plans did not find popular support. The absence of coverage decreased the likelihood that a compromise would be fashioned out of the common features of the undiscussed plans. The research under consideration has shown that “about two-thirds of the health-care reforms stories in both broadcast and print news focused on strategy or legislative process; only about a quarter of print stories and fewer that a fifth of broadcast stories focused on the issues of the health care debate.” Going by the Jamieson and Cappella’s work, from September 1993 to August 1994, the public was subjected to the largest and the most sustained advertising campaign that shaped a public policy decision in the history of Republic. The advertising played the role of incentive to attack and of a surrogate for lobbying. The authors conclude that “Press behaviors are making public deliberation more difficult at a time when the problems facing the country are increasingly complex.” Martin Gilens’s work Why Americans Hate Welfare reveals myths and misconceptions about welfare policy, public opinion and the role of the media in them. Based on surveys of public attitudes and analysis of media stories on poverty the research shows that the public’s views on welfare are a complex mixture of cynicism and compassion. Chapters V and VI discuss in detail that public views on welfare are misinformed and racially charged. Here the author explains the role of racial stereotypes and misinformation about the true nature of American’s poor in forming public opinion. Gilens claims that public views on welfare reflect a distrust of welfare recipients and a wish
Introduction In this paper, we are going to discuss such musical pieces as Prelude to the Afternoon of Faun , created by the famous French composer Claude Debussy. In particular, we need to focus on the literary and musical sources that conductors can consult while preparing this work for performance. Overall, it is of the crucial importance to pay attention to those books or scholarly articles, which throw light on such features as: the composers style, and the difficulties, which may arouse in connection with this issue. As regards the piece itself, we should search for the information that illuminates its themes, literary origins, structure, and the functions, fulfilled by each instrument. For that purpose, it is necessary to refer to Debussy’s notes, and the comments of prominent musicians, who have already played this composition many times. Finally, we may analyze live or recorded performances of the Prelude. In what way do various conductors approach this task? In the overwhelming majority of cases the effect that any work produces is determined by the way in which is presented. Naturally, we cannot presume that some performers distort this composition but sometimes, there are some subtle details that can go disregarded even by distinguished musicians. Claude Debussys style The first source we should refer to is the book The theories of Claude Debussy by Leon Vallas. This work is important because it gives thorough insights into the composer’s style and his performance manner. According to the author, Debussy adhered to the principles of impressionism, which manifests itself in the structure of his musical pieces, their form and the impact that they produce. We may draw several examples, substantiating this point of view, but in the vast majority of cases, the impact of impressionism can be traced in Debussy’s slightly improvisational approach, though we should not presume that his compositions are form
Introduction Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre (ESSRC) is a group that collaborates with industries, government institutions, and the community at large to research matters concerning the Earth’s environment and Climate change. Research groups constitute a significant and underrepresented segment in social media, while the most popular social media profiles in sciences are maintained by experienced communicators (Pavlov et al., 2018). Therefore, the research communities have to elaborate professional marketing strategies in order to gather public attention. The research center will benefit from Facebook due to the habit human being have for social networks, in particular the representatives of the young generation. Youngsters, especially ages twelve–twenty-nine, are fully immersed in the quickly changing social media world and have come to anticipate communication via these platforms (Bohon et al., 2013). The target age is young adults aged eighteen to thirty since these people have more knowledge of social media and are exposed digitally. Main body The goal is to increase the visibility of the research center to the public so that the interested persons can engage with the team. This is a crucial aim since it will make the center known to several people. In this case, the center will reach people who are interested in taking part in the research. Therefore, the objective will be to elaborate a Facebook account and get at least 300 followers who are passionate about the research topics. However, the number can be increased when more passionate people are noticed. When the Facebook account is created now, the next step is hiring professional people good in social media management. Adding hashtags and posting relevant articles can be a good approach to achieving the objective. This is due to the fact that people can easily notice what the center does and relate to it. Connecting to companies and organizations that do similar work is also a good idea. For example, National Geography can be combined or even followed. The scientific research center builds collaboration between external platforms and allows them to post and engage us by either tagging or commenting. The other aspect of the aim is the process of encouraging young people, especially students, to be involved in current and future research. This can be possible by enabling them with a bonus on every research they do. Personal Facebook accounts can be created for each staff to give them space to do their research. Young people should also be encouraged to obtain first-hand information on the research they do. Getting information from the first person increases the credibility of the work. The strategy that can be used to achieve the goal is creating a group with similar research topics. The staff members who have accounts can link them with external platforms like YouTube, LinkedIn, and other networks. The Facebook
Fredrick Douglas was born as a slave on the Shore of Eastern Maryland. His initial names were Fredrick Bailey and he only changed his names to Fredrick Douglas after escaping by train from Baltimore to Philadelphia. He changed his names so that he can escape from the slave catchers. After having been sent to live in Baltimore, Fredrick leant how to read and write secretly without the knowledge of anyone. The impacts of slavery on the human conditions was that slavery denied people their fundamentals of like the capacity for bold action, a sense of community, personal identities, education and even fundamentals of owning a family. Slavery comprised of many inhuman treatments like beatings and lack of access to quality education. The white masters also committed a lot of sexual abuses on the slaves. The institution of slavery drove and shaped the enslaved people to respond and behave in different ways in that Fredrick Bailey was forced to flee away from slavery and later changed his name to Fredrick Douglas so that to escape the slave catchers. On his escape, Fredrick Douglas became very committed in informing other people about the plight of slavery and the worse conditions of the fellow slaves he had left behind. On the other side, slavery drove Gabriel into organizing a rebellion against his masters which ended tragically for him. Gabriel was very annoyed at how the white masters treated the slaves and therefore, he saw the best way out that was not to flee like Fredrick Douglas did but to organize a revolt against his white masters (Douglas 171). Gabriel was a literate slave who had planned to lead a rebellion against the white masters in 1800. Gabriel had initially planned the rebellion in the summer and spring of 1800 but torrential rains led to the postponement of the revolt. The white masters had all along been very suspicious of the rebellion. Information about the planned revolt was however leaked to the white masters before it was executed and therefore. One of the slaves gave out information regarding the rebellion with a promise of a reward which was not fully paid. As a result, Gabriel and Gabriel Prosser and some of the other members of who planned the rebellion were hanged. The death of Gabriel and his accomplices therefore led to the end of slavery and furthered the equality of the human race which has significantly prevailed in the light of the world history. Gabriel’s rebellion was a lesson which was intended to serve as an important example of the slaves who took action so that they sought their freedom. Nat Turner was born on the October, 2 nd of 18000, just a week before Gabriel was hanged by the white masters. Nat Turner was an American slave who on 21 st of August 1831 led a slave rebellion that led to the death of 56 people and which included a very large number of the white people to have occurred in a single uprising. Turner organized the uprising through the gathering of his Supporters in Virginia at a place called Southampton C
The old south The old south developed as a distinct region during the period between 1820 and 1860. Slavery was still widely practiced in the south because the region was primarily agrarian. There was emergence of various social classes and cultures despite the reliance on agriculture. The upper south saw a slow growth of business classes including merchants and manufacturers. Key industries such as iron manufacturing, flour mill, and textile grew in the south. There were also urban and commercial centers that emerged in the region. However, one distinct feature of these commercial centers was that they used to serve the needs of purely agricultural southern residents. Therefore, it was possible to find items such as farming tools, fertilizers, and seeds being sold in these commercial centers. The social class of brokers emerged because of the need to find market for some of the crops produced in the south such as cotton. The merchants also played an important role of providing farmers with financial support in the form of credit. Financial support became necessary to farmers especially when the prices of their produce declined in the market. However, the banking system in the south had not developed and in most cases, they used to rely heavily on the north for banking services. Slavery played a key role in shaping the south. Planters owned huge tracks of land and they used the services of their slaves to cultivate and conduct all agricultural business. A good number of the slave holders used to keep a maximum of 10 slaves. The slaves were mostly expected to do domestic work and a few other tasks in the farms. Due to the size of their plantations, large planters used to have more than 20 slaves for their farming activities. The slaves in the south were considered to be freer than the free laborers of the north. They had a good working environment that did not enslave them as much as the freed laborers in the north. The old aged people and children were really not expected to work at all. They experienced comfort and received wage in return. They had free food and accommodation. Similarly, women were less involved in heavy work. Their masters protected them from any harassment and despotic treatment from their husbands. The only people who were involved in heavy duties included the stout boys and the men. On averaged, they worked for less than nine hours every day. The open fields had good weather and fresh air which they were exposed to on daily basis. Reconstruction The reconstruction era involves the process of rebuilding the country after the civil war. It also considers the transformation that occurred in the southern states to make them conform to the reforms that had already began taking place in the north. After the war, the lives of African Americans did not change much, even though they began to experience freedom. Technically, African Americans were free people however there were specific laws that prevented them from fully experiencing their freedom. Their rights we