ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
“Crossing the Green Line Between the West Bank and Israel” by Avram S. Bornstein is one of the best books dealing with the subject of the borderline between the West Bank and Israel, as well as with its impact on the lives of Israeli and Palestinian citizens. Avram S. Bornstein is the Associate Professor at the Department of Anthropology in John Jay College of Criminal Justice in the City University of New York. He published several studies dedicated to ethnography and anthropology, but “Crossing the Green Line” is without any doubt one of his most impressive books. The book presents Bornstein’s anthropological approach to Israeli-Palestinian society which exists despite all the physical and mental borders. The author visited “Palestine-Israel” eight times and, in total, spent three years of his life there. (Bornstein, 2002) During his visit in 1994, he spent most of his time in the Tulkarm District of the West Bank living in the family of a Palestinian worker; in his book, he presents different aspects of the life of Palestinians starting from the family’s farm labor and construction work in Israel and ending with Palestinian weddings and their social rules. Bornstein also explores complex relations between Jews, Israeli Arabs, and West Bank Palestinians depicting how “tens of thousands of workers who built, picked, cleaned, and manufactured every day in Israel had to sneak across the Green Line without military permission in order to get to work.” (Bornstein, 2002) In his book Bornstein tries to define the cause of the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians; for this, he studies history, customs, and traditions of both the nations using conversing with his Palestinian peers and participating in their daily activities; the results of his study support his argument revealing the conflict raised by the Green Line. Bornstein’s investigation aims to define the central factor of the conflict between Israel and Palestine. According to him, the conflict can hardly consist of an ancient dispute between Jewish and Muslim religions; it is political and economic inequality that serves as the origin of this conflict. The matter is that for Palestine, the border is the means for governing separation: “State powers have drawn and redrawn the shape and practice of borders in Palestine, carving it into increasingly smaller pieces, but this form of administrative violence has remained a central factor in the conflict.” (Bornstein, 2002) The border shapes cultural affiliations and enforces differences between the citizens of Israel and Palestine; it breeds violence making the life of people unbearable: Acute forms of violence that inflict or threaten to inflict physical pain in a punctuated way to the body (by abrasion, rupture, temperature, pressure, electric shock, etc.), are often woven closely together with economic and “structural” violence in which pain is inflicted slowly and chronically, by keeping people in poverty, depriving them of the ability to reproduce themselves, forcing them into hunger, or systematically preventing them from pursuing their chosen life on an equal
Abstract There are numerous aspects of society and life that intertwine on a daily basis. Everyone faces similar problems on a daily basis, whether it is one’s social class, the risks experienced, or morality. The essay looks into three resources that touch on different aspects of societal life. The first book, ‘ Living in the world risk society’ by Beck delves into the issue of risk, while the second book, ‘The Marx-Engels reader’ by Tucker, looks into class divisions. The last book, ‘What money cannot buy: The moral limits of markets’ by Sandel discusses money and morality. Beck, U
Introduction Psychoeducational group therapy is an important part of managing people with special mental disturbances and problems. Support groups affect rehabilitating mothers who have special experiences in relationships, as well as those who experience emotional distress (Reis, 1989, p. 144). As part of the practice in psychoeducational group therapy, one of the requirements is to join a group and have a firsthand experience. I decided to do it by joining a local education support group for the new teen mothers that offered support and education to help them with their new life changes and to help them identify warning signs for possible postpartum depression. Throughout the four sessions that I attended, some of the evident observations that I made included the leadership style I displayed, the group dynamics, and the challenges facing the group. The following is, therefore, an essay detailing the events in the sessions that I attended with the teen mothers. First Session This session was held at a local church hall. The reason behind the choice of the venue was that a church usually offered a calm and peaceful environment that is conducive for our sessions. Mothers who had known about the group through different means attended. The session was scheduled to discuss several things about their high prevalence of post-partum depression for these teen mothers, with the main thing being a discussion on how they could cope with psychological stressors such as physical exhaustion, role restriction, financial problems, social isolation, and depressive symptoms as well as confusion. The first thing in the day’s topic was a discussion of tips for coping with change. In a group dynamic such as this one, the participants must be counseled on the changes that they will experience (Jacobs, Masson, Harvill, & Schimmel, 2012, p. 24). Teen mothers usually experience many situations as a surprise because many of them lack the relevant information about the situation that could help them be prepared psychologically. Therefore, for this day, I taught the mothers how to be in charge of their reactions to the expected change. As Forsyth states, the leader in a psychoeducational group therapy should try and change the attitude of the participants so that it fits what is required for their therapy (2014, p. 15). The second thing that was discussed was how to stay flexible and react to stresses that would fac
Cancer is one of the most serious illnesses that cause a lot of suffering to people diagnosed with this disease. Pain is the most disturbing symptom that leads to the development of other psychological issues (Tanner, 2015). Cancer patients often have depression and anxiety; they lose hope and courage to continue their struggle. At the same time, some types of cancer are associated with quite specific psychological problems. For example, ovarian cancer makes females suffer due to their possible childless future (Bristow & Montz, 2015). All these psychological issues harm the healing process. Fortunately, many strategies help females cope with these problems. This paper includes an analysis of psychological problems and coping strategies associated with ovarian cancer based on personal experience. Maria and Psychological Problems She Has to Face My sister, Maria, was diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2017 and she started chemotherapy that year. She is in her 30s, so she, as well as her family, could not expect such a diagnosis. Her health conditions were quite serious, so Maria was sent to Singapore where doctors were optimistic about Maria’s chances to recover. As for the psychological problems Maria has to face, these have been mainly fatalism and depression. Cohen (2016) states that fatalism is widespread among Arab women. Maria was also prone to fatalism, and she thought that her illness was the punishment for some behavior or deeds. Such ideas make her less open and willing to share with her family. Since Maria used to be open and eager to share, her present state causes a lot of distress. The fact that she has to be far from home contributes to the development of depressive symptoms. Coping Strategies It is acknowledged that family members and friends often help in coping with many psychological problems (Anastasia, 2015). Although Maria is far from her family, she still has a chance to communicate with her close ones. Of course, digital communication is not equal to face-to-face contact, but there is still socializing that distracts Maria from sad thoughts. Mosher, Ott, Hanna, Jalal, and Champion (2014) also stress that religion is a strong instrument that can help cancer patients. Maria can be regarded as an illustration of the positive effect of religious beliefs on people’s health. She is often happy after a pray and is willing to discuss some religious aspects. However, her mood can change quite quickly when negative ideas, including her thoughts about punishment and possible death, come to her mind. Therefore, her relatives and friends always try to discuss only positive aspects of life. In Singapore, Maria had to receive chemotherapy, but she also got other types of therapy. For example, she learned about the benefits of art therapy. Archer, Buxton, and Sheffield (2014) state that dancing and creative arts have a positive impact on cancer pa
Scholars engaging in higher education researches have adopted the same lines of thinking as those in the organizational culture. For instance, Birnbaum (1988) observed that college leadership could be comprehended through cultural models. The scholar underscored the fact that college culture is always characterized by collective power and relationships that are not based on hierarchies. Birnbaum (1988) continued to observe that political culture is usually acknowledged through its dependence on consultations and shared bargaining among interest groupings and partnerships within the institution. According to this scholar, political culture in college leadership is explained in terms of social exchange. This means that individuals support a particular policy hoping that they will be given similar support when the time comes. It is therefore true that a leader who adopts a political model would appoint his or her close and loyal associates in positions of influence to ensure that compliance is achieved. In the political model of leadership, the college president, who is usually supposed to be a student leader, turns out to be a CEO with imperial powers. In this regard, the main agendas of managers in the institutions of higher learning are generally guided by political opinions but not academic views. Due to this, education is not taken with the seriousness it deserves because it is viewed just as any other business that the institution engages in. Through this model, expert firms recruit top managers meaning that the role of the faculty is neglected. This may compromise the quality of education, which may further slow down efficiency and confidentiality of administrators. The role of the faculty staff is reduced to an advisory role whereas they are supposed to be treated as full partners in order to achieve the goals and the mission of the institution. It is factual that application of a political model in college governance has endangered high education. This is because the integrity of education is threatened in terms of research. The college leader adopting political model tends to outsource jobs that are normally important as far as teaching is concerned. These services may include designing of courses and introduction of computer based training basics that are meant to provide quality education to students. The university staff should be given the task of preparing course manuals because they understand the needs and wishes of various students (Stone, 1997). Since the college leader is money oriented and intends to fulfill her own wishes and desires, she may redirect lessons from full-time to part-time. This would disorient the transitory faculty, graduate training and research supporters. She might prefer this system because staff members would be paid less, they would not have job security and academic liberty would be interfered with. Moreover, the leader may reorient the syllabus toward business-focused coursework. This would include
The first step in performance monitoring relies on the n-dimensional building/civil information model to plan, schedule, and estimate project costs. An analysis of the results are documented and presented in charts to ensure effective communication of the project idea. The charts are used to conduct construction reviews to identify any areas which need improvement. Once the reviews are over, the second phase of the automated construction performance monitoring commences where each component of the project progress is presented using visual aids to identify all project components that are on schedule, behind schedule or ahead of schedule and take corrective actions. Unordered photos collections, modeling pipelines, and modeling demos underlie the assessment criteria for establishing the quality, safety, and sustainability of the construction pace of the which is remotely used to monitor construction safety. Phase three of the automated construction safety uses cameras and remote sensors to monitor the construction safety based on a framework of automated behavior monitoring and the automated vision based tracking. That is followed by the automated construction quality monitoring to detect safe drilling areas, which leads to the automated construction productivity monitoring based on the automated vision based tracking system to identify activities of the excavators. A construction site information management system which uses a mobile AR system provides high precision information on the construction site using a 3 d model and a hybrid 4-dimenaional model augmented in reality. The performance monitoring system is built by augmenting energy performance in reality with automated monitoring done in extreme events, and systems for disaster recovery put in place with different cases study results compared to build the best case scenario. The Built & Urban Environment Information technology plays a role in the construction, invention, and innovation in the construction industry. The generic issues affecting the design and construction of buildings include security, accessibility, buildability, affordability, customer satisfaction, crime, and sustainability. Process issues which form the next elements of the cycle is defined by assessing project stakeholders, partnering based on relationship building, process coordination, learning organization, and building virtual teams. The process is expressed using visual charts that provide information about the project progress management, health and safety issues, effectiveness in plant usage, measures of productivity, and material management. The invention/innovation involves creating new ideas, which are exploited in a research, innovation, enterprise, and community cycle. The entire process is defined by key activities which include teaching and learning, research, and outreach to business and community activities. The drivers of innovation which play a critical role include academic and industry elements. The academic drivers of invention and innovation include policy reasons, core purpose values, industry drivers which include economic factors and policy issues. However the drivers
Every year, business processes, organisations and industries experience significant transformations that redefine new trends. The emerging of new trends shape industries and the way companies conduct business and realise profits. This essay covers Mobile Business Intelligence (MBI) as an emerging trend in the business intelligence and IT industry. Issues and Audience Established IT firms with massive resources and capabilities, such as SAP, SAS, Microsoft, and Oracle among others and start-ups, such as Softwaremaster and Roambi provide both software and hardware to run Business Intelligence (BI) platforms on smartphones, such as Blackberry, iPhone, Android-based phones and other smartphone models. There are strong needs and interests in BI systems that operate on smartphones. However, all vendors admit that extremely few customers use their smartphones for BI purposes. This is a major challenge for the IT and BI industry. The use of smartphone for BI purposes goes beyond mere “receiving of alerts or getting pre-determined set of truncated reports” (Marion, 2010). In this regard, BI players should take advantage of the GPS location chips and touch screen features to develop platforms that support real-time data and analytical capabilities. BI systems that run on smartphone could provide real-time information, insights and trends to users wherever they are. Industry professionals have provided their forecasts about the BI software and hardware adoption. The growth in BI software is likely to benefit retail clerks, physicians and other professionals who will rely on effective use of BI systems and their smart devices. In this regard, smartphones with BI systems will create the biggest change in the industry and increase returns on investment (Marion, 2010). The Trend Cosentino noted that Ventana Research completed the most “comprehensive evaluation of mobile business intelligence products and vendors available anywhere by focusing on 16 technology vendors” (Cosentino, 2014). The research firm assessed companies on seven main categories, which included “usability, manageability, reliability, capability, adaptability, vendor validation and TCO and ROI” (Cosentino, 2014). The study categorised vendors based on their abilities to supply software and hardware for MBI (see appendix for categorisation). The study outcomes indicate significant future trends in the Mobile Business Intelligence. There was a strong desire to enhance the use of data in 40 percent of the firms that took part in the survey. However, adoption of MBI was rather slow relative to interests. Presently, less than half of firms use mobile devices to gain access to BI capabilities. On the other hand, almost three-quarters, which represent 71 percent, assume that their mobile employees would gain access to BI capabilities through mobile devices within the next 12 months (Cosentino, 2014). In addition, the trend in MBI adopti
The aim of the of the research was to try and establish the appropriate outcome measurement techniques and in turn use the research outcome to establish whether psychotherapy is effective.The length of therapy and its relation to effective treatment was also observed. It is a challenge to measure outcome in psychotherapy but despite this huddle, a few clinicians still monitor outcome. Research has built evidence that if a patient’s progress is monitored, then it becomes less of a task to measure the resulting patient outcome. A sharp increase in the cost of medical care was the driving force that led more and more clinicians to start getting involved in patient outcome measurement. This resulted in the need to identify effective methods by which this could be achieved. Several methods with different characteristics have been suggested by Ogles, Lambert, and Masters (1996). The different characteristics of these methods include the content, time orientation of the instrument and the method of data collection. The psychological element that is measured by an instrument is referred to as the content of the measure; multiple elements can however be measured using the same instrument depending on the scope of the measurement. Papers written by between-study meta-analytic review writers employ a sample of studies and then code the treatment effect size and a numerical code of the length of experience of the therapist and or the different levels of education of the therapist e.g. a master’s clinician versus a PhD. These are then correlated to establish the relationship between the effect size and level of experience. Investigations done within a study carried to establish the relationship between years of therapist training and outcome were reanalyzed using meta-analytic methods. The outcome was that out of 154 comparisons, thirty nine showed that patients who seek assistance from paraprofessionals stood a better chance of having their issues resolved than those who saw professionals. Other sub comparisons also indicated that patients got better results seeing therapists who were still or had just completed training. Long practicing paraprofessionals were found to be more effective than the beginners. Hattie et al. (1984) review interestingly noted that the amount of training received by paraprofessionals had a positive effect on the patient outcome. As would be expected, different indices of change are bound to be obtained if different methodologies are used to arrive at them (Smith, Glass, & Miller, 1980). Some researchers for example base their measurement on
The tendency to fulfill a row of important of public utility functions including system of communication, being material wealth, displaying one’s power, and expressing religious beliefs through the art works can be well explored in the art of Mesoamerica. This phenomenon is observed throughout centuries in different Mesoamerican cultures such as Aztecs, Olmecs, Huastecs, Maya, Totonacs, Toltecs and Zapotecs. In the following paper, the four examples of this tendency from varied Mesoamerican cultures will be explored. Generally, it appears that during the Pre-Columbian period of history, the Mesoamerican people devoted art to the main areas of their life, and such illustrations as Calendar Stone from Aztecs’ culture, Bonampak Wall Paintings belonging to the culture of Maya, La Venta architectural center of Olmec culture and The Avenue of the Dead and its mystical pyramids belonging to an unknown Mesoamerican culture hypothetically the Aztec prove this interesting phenomenon. First of all, speaking about the function of art as a system of communication, it should be mentioned that the Mesoamerican people in general did not have a system of communication and literacy. Only with the development of Maya culture, the alphabetic concept of literacy appeared. As a result, the art was applied in order to communicate important messages to the contemporaries and the future generations. This can be explored on the example of Calendar Stone from Aztecs’ culture. This stone was applied as a means to inform the next generations about the sad cataclysm that the Aztecs people had to survive. Secondly, addressing the function of art as being a sign of wealth and being wealth in itself, it is necessary to understand that the Mesoamerican people did not have any currency. Thus, art works were applied as valuable things used by people as a means of hoarding. For example, Bonampak Wall Paintings belonging to the culture of Maya were used as valuable things, and applied for sort of “financial operations”. Further, discussing the function of art as a display of power, the example of La Venta architectural center can be mentioned. Studying this example, it appears that the Mesoamerican people used as a way to express their power, authority and position within the society. In particular, in this center only nobles could spend their time. Thus, art was applied to identify someone’s social position as people had an access to these facilities only in case of their being “something” important in the Olmec society. Finally, with regards to the function of expressing of religious beliefs it is interesting that the Mesoamerican people saw art as a way to access supernatural and divine things by means of art works. To illu