ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The coherent society could be characterized by the great attention given to humanistic values. Decades of human thought evolution and great social upheavals of the 20th century resulted in significant shifts in peoples mentality. These also gave rise to numerous concerns related to the sphere of human rights. Besides, the modern justice system has a number of various aspects and peculiarities that assure its efficient functioning under modern conditions. Hence, the existence of juvenile and adult justice systems could also be considered one of the main peculiarities of the modern age. This split is predetermined by the unique attitude to children who are considered the most important value of the modern humanistic society. Analyzing this peculiarity of the justice system, it is crucial to admit significant differences between juvenile and adult spheres. The second one is organized in accordance with the traditional patterns created in the process of this systems evolution. It presupposes special punishments for certain types of crime and offends. Additionally, it aims at creating the frames that could help to protect other people and guarantee their existence (Butts and Ojmarrh 168). Furthermore, it is focused on providing punishments and imposing a penalty on offenders. Incarceration is the most frequently used mean of punishment (Hirbyand para. 4). However, the juvenile justice system has some other goals and peculiarities that determine its functioning. First, there are significant differences in court proceedings (“Similarities and Differences in Juvenile and Adult Justice Systems” para. 8). When an adult person is accused of a crime, a juvenile at the same time is accused of a delinquent act (Clark para. 6). It means that all actions and offenses committed by a young person are considered to be less serious. Furthermore, they are not afforded the right to a public trial by jury (Hirbyand para. 2). The judge is the only person who analyzes their cases as it is believed that the psyche of a child might suffer from a great level of attention to the offense. Finally, the juvenile justice system tends to rehabilitate a young criminal and guarantee his/her further becoming part of society. These differences determine the main peculiarities of this systems functioning and the attitude to offenders. There is another disputable concern related to the given sphere. In the majority of cases, a person between 10 and 18 could be considered minor and treated in accordance with the main laws of the juvenile justice system (“Juveniles Justice System vs. Criminal Justice System” para. 7). However, there is a perspective that states that the given age range could not be used anymore. The adherers of this idea state that people of this age should be still taken as children and be provided with some mediated sentences (“Youth in the Justice System: An Overview” para. 6). I believe that the existing approach is efficient enough and could be used to classify an offender. People of this age should be held fully liable for all actions they perform
Information from the World Vision Tardif NGO, reveals that Thailand has been providing shelter and assistance to girls and women for a period of 4 decades. Thai government agrees that 20,000- 30,000 female children are involved in the commercial sex industry indeed is shocking for such violation of human rights, but in addition the World Vision Tardif statistics estimates that underage girls that have been treated who were victims of child trafficking and sex tourism ranges a bout 90%. Therefore is it alright here? Tourism policy is related to traditional set up where society was naturally polygamous and have a mai noi (minor wife) was normal. The current society has seen the changes in the hospitality industry and in particular the tourism sector. Such that tourism has changed significantly from the ecotourism as the traditional perception to drug tourism and the booming on largely the sex tourism. The most areas that are worst hit are the Asia continent as Thailand and Bangkok. The tourism industry currently is seeing decline in the ecotourism towards the drug tourism but the most rapidly marketable is sex based tourism. Therefore, later development has seen men and women that are involved in tourism activities are also interested in sexual relations and it is influenced by the commercial relationship. Therefore, the dissertation looks into these emerging issue, how its being executed its organization, effects to the society and the possible measures to tame it so that it can be of minimum consequences to the society of tourism industry. Hospitality management is a discipline that dials with the study of management of hotels, travel and tourism as a business enterprise in order to minimize the expenses and maximize the profit within the hospitality industry (Bailey 2002). Most of the areas covered is the traveling of the guest who most are tourists and their welfare in hotels where are received (Chawla, Romila 2006). In this sense there’s a diversity of areas, such includes lodging operation, food, global tourism, sustainable tourism and tourist attraction management. But today hospitality in tourism is the hotels and place of leisure and catering operations of different kinds. The Hospitality industry is a dynamic sector that is affected and influenced by the external factors. Therefore, there are many issues which arises and conflicts the original scope of hospitality such includes labor sup
Introduction The development of computer-based communication technologies and the methods of how people prefer to use social networking have raised dramatically (Perkins 2008, p. 44). People are eager to improve their communication in business in order to make fast and effective decisions, develop proper relations, and engage more responsible partners within a short period and be sure of their correctness and success. The technologies like instant messages (IM) or wikis are the best successful examples of communication technologies in business; however, as any other achievements in the computer world, they are characterized by many positive and negative aspects. On the one hand, IM and wikis make communication between different people possible; on the other hand, much work and implementations are required. To solve the problems within the chosen filed, it is necessary to make people ready to challenges and provide them with the necessary amount of knowledge about IN and wikis’ peculiarities and properly explain the necessity to study these technologies on the high level. Enhanced business communication Instant messaging (IM) is considered to be one of the frequently used communication technologies in the world of business. Many corporations have an access to IM and prefer to use this method in order to discuss current problems, share different files, and save their time. “Corporate and government entities are increasingly using social networking to facilitate communication and collaboration among individuals and groups, both internally and externally” (Perkins 2008, p.44). IM is one of the simplest ways to share information; however, it is not the only advantage of this technology: these technologies also promote the reduction of e-mail traffic (Wilkins 2007, p. 31). Wikis, in their turn, provide their users with a magnificent chance “to contribute to the content by editing the pages” (Fernando 2007, para.2). Many users are deprived of a chance to create an appropriate plan of their actions being far from each other. This is why the development of such communication technology is considered to be beneficial indeed: people are free to create an event by means of wiki services and add necessary changes, improvements, and suggestions at the same time. The result of this communication is a clear and properly discussed plan that is suitable for each member of a team. One of the most successful examples of how wiki services influence the business world is the cooperation by Penguin Publishing and the creation of the wiki novel A Million Penguins (Fernando 2007, para. 7). This experiment in corporate writing proves that people have all chances to succeed in the chosen activity and help other people. Impending business communication Considering the pros of the above-mentioned compute-based communication technologies, it is necessary to admit the negative aspects of IM and wi
Introduction Electronic medical records (EMRs) are becoming the standard in the health care industry with more health care institutions replacing their old paper based medical records (PMR) with this new systems. This move to EMRs has been prompted by the numerous benefits that these computer-based systems propose to bring to the health care industry. In recognition of the positive role that EMRs play in the health care industry, the Federal Government in the United States is a major proponent of these systems with financial incentives being offered for health care practitioners to make the switch. These government efforts have led to the adoption of the new system by health care providers who would otherwise have cited financial constraints as the reason for not adopting EMRs. As they are deployed on a widespread basis, EMRs can be expected to have significant economic implications on the health care industry and the nation as a whole. This paper will set out to discuss the economic impact of implementing EMRs in the United States with focus on the benefits and costs attributed to the systems. The paper will begin by highlighting the reasons why EMRs are becoming the standard and proceed to document the inherent benefits and costs of implementation. Need for EMRs Health care providers are constantly trying to increase their effectiveness and efficiency and one of the ways that this is being achieved is through EMRs. By definition, an EMR system is an electronic version of the paper based medical records that contains a patient’s “personal medical history, test results, dictations, and other medical and financial information” (Brooks & Grotz, 2010, p.73). EMRs are envisioned to replace the PMRs, which have been the standard documentation tool for physicians for over a century. Part of the motivation for adopting EMRs is to overcome some of the inherent faults of PMRs. These faults include illegible handwritings, partial patient data, and data separation. These problems decrease the quality of care provided to patients (especially return patients) and decreases the efficiency of physicians. EMR systems overcome these setbacks since the data is stored in a legible and consistent manner in the system database. EMRs promise quality improvement by increasing doctor effectiveness and efficiency, encouraging adherence to evidence-based guidelines, and fostering patient safety. Economic Costs Before any gains can be obtained from the EMR system, some significant costs will have to be met. Wang (2003) agrees that implementing an EMR system will have some real monetary costs for the health care organization or private practitioner who is making the change to this system. These costs can be divided into direct costs, which are the direct expenses incurred in the implementation process and indirect costs which are costs that occur as a consequence of adopting EMRs. Direct Costs Implementing EMRs will require the purchase of the necessary hardware and software to run the system. This is a substantial investment since EMR systems are normally costly. It is es
Almost twenty years ago, one ten-year-old child watched a drunk relative who had issues with alcohol abuse and promised himself never to become addicted to any substances. I believed that my adherence to a healthy lifestyle, ambitions to make a great career, and optimism signify that I will never become a victim of addiction. I have also believed that substance abuse is a deliberate choice because it is only up to an individual to decide whether to use drugs or go on a path of alcohol abuse. However, as a proverb says, the tongue of experience utters the most truth. In my case, this truth was as bitter as the taste of Xanax pills. The present paper reflects my healing path and explains why I have decided to dedicate my life to working in the sphere of alcohol and drug counseling. Since my teenage period, I have been suffering from horrible anxiety. Unpredictable panic attacks accompanied by shortness of breath, shaking, and numbness tormented me for several years until my primary care physician prescribed me the most prominent medication to treat panic disorders called Xanax. Xanax was a blessing because it took away all my worries and granted me a chance to enjoy life. Gradually, panic attacks remained a relic of the past. However, the new chapter of life was not as bright as one could imagine. When the physician prescribed me Xanax, he did not inform me how easy it is to become addicted. Abuse of this medicine made me experience most of the side effects mentioned in the instruction for its use. First time I thought that insomnia, irritability, and tiredness resulted from a large academic load at the university. Indeed, who among the students did not get tired of the constant deadlines, exams, presentations, and tests? Stuffy nose and headaches also did not make me think that something was going wrong because these side effects resemble the common cold symptoms. Still, as time went by, new side effects appeared. My vision had become blurred, I had difficulties with coordination, and my speech had become more slurred. Later, the physician confirmed that these were the symptoms of Xanax abuse. It was challenging to admit that the reason for all these troubles lied in Xanax because it was a medication that had enfreed me from anxiety. Prior to this moment, I imagined a person who suffers from substance abuse as a raging alcoholic or narcomaniac but not as an average student who has excellent grades, big plans for the future, and a great desire to live. The road to recovery was a thorny one. I was prescribed Lexapro to alleviate some of the side effects along with anxiety, but it took about a month for this medication to start having an effect. The entire process of healing from addiction to Xanax took half a year. This experience taught me that pills are not the only way to tackle the panic disorder. I forced myself to work out every morning and attended counseling because these two measures assist in relieving anxiety and stress and serve as an effective alternative to addictive medicines. The personal experience of substance abuse was edifying and brought
Introduction The assignment below is focused on exploring how graph visualization assist in interpreting raw data. The dataset used for the mathematical analysis is the assumption of Ozzie (fictional person) to fill in the truck with gas and go on a road trip, further visualized in Figure 1. Moreover, the conventional math analysis is presented to investigate the maturity of decisions performed by Ozzie based on the descriptive algorithms. Analysis There are several points related to the graph shown in Appendix. First, one should consider a basic notation of (x, y) positioning for the coordinates to simplify the understanding of how variables are related. For the point (-3, 0) it is obvious that -3 relates to the x-axis based on the notation, while the one is not presented on the graph and therefore should be considered as irrelevant. Plotting the (4, -2) in a rectangular coordinate system assumes extending the graph to the minus points, where the y-axis will remain plotted in the same values while the x- axis should be divided in a more numerical juxtaposition to show the difference. The ordered pair is a solution to the given equation since there is a straightforward line that supports the initial idea and provides critical points for dependency analysis (Puig & Rojano, 2004). Following the notation above, the point (0, 8) is on the y-axis, since it shows the number of gallons in trucks’ gas tank. The difference in equations is informed by the use of plot variances, where x-axis represents the number of miles driven, while the y-axis shows the number of gallons of gas in a truck. The common equation used for this model is Y = ax + b, where a is a compound, x is a number of miles, and Y is a number of gallons. The y-intercept shows that 300 gallons of a gas in a truck are required to manage the trip that Ozzie pursues. In terms of progression, the slope of the model is downward, which suggests that the more galloons purchased, the more travel experience the Ozzie has. However, based on the line slope it is feasible that Ozzie will require frequent charge-ups, which was also previously confirmed throughout the tentacular system management process. It means that the increase in gas prices contributes to the changes in kilometers gone. This observation would specifically benefit biking activists, both from the storm or the opportunity thinking perspective. Overall, the analysis shows that it is trustworthy in terms of the parallel lines and direct recognition. However, there is no evidence on whether one should treat the number of gallons used for the miles tripped, since there is a case of multiple obstacles on the road. Furthermore, statistical significanc
History of the case The Case Basics The case was argued on Wednesday, February 24, 1993 The main concerns were the privacy and Freedom of Information Act. The respondent was Vincent Landano. The case was decided by Rehnquist Court (1991-1993). The Opinion number was 508 U.S. 165 (1993). About the case Landano was convicted in a New Jersey court for murdering a police officer. He claimed the prosecution held evidence materials for the case. Landano was denied post-conviction and federal habeas. FBI released some evidence materials but withheld others. He filed an action in the U.S district in New Jersey. The district court disagreed with the Government’s justification for withholding the information in 1991. The government discarded the court of appeal need. Lantana was convicted in 1993 (U.S Department of Justice Para. 1). The case’s concern   * Individuals’ freedom to access evidence information during prosecution.   * The Handling of evidence information. Effects on law enforcement   * Shows the weaknesses that exist in dealing with criminal cases.   * Hindrance of justice. Landano was found guilty of murdering Officer Snow in a New Jersey court in 1993; which he denied. It was alleged that Landano committed the crime during a robbery by an organized gang. In trying to defend himself, he stated that the prosecution had gone against Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S section 83 laws that prohibited hiding some evidence information. In this regard, he presented requests to the FBI on Freedom of Information about the case. In return, the FBI defended itself by stating that, it was protected by Exemption 7 (D) to hold the information. Although later FBI released some files, some were never released. This was opposed by the court on grounds that, unless there existed a clear reason for keeping the information secret, the FBI had no such rights (U.S department Para. 1-4). Landano later filed a case in the district court requesting all the information to be released. In reaction, the Government defended the FBI by justifying why the bureau withheld some evidence information. In addition, the court rejected the petition because this was a gang-related killing, where the evidence source’s security was to be assured. The government was not supposed to assume that all sources of evidence data were confidential. The clause covered those individuals whose secrecy had been promised. The government position, in this case, was unjustified because the FBI had evidence information whose confidentiality was not clearly defined. Sources of evidence; whether ordinary people, security agents, or any other organizations, need confidentiality whenever promised. FB
Introduction The attacks on the world trade center and pentagon on September 11 2001 were tragic and devastating not only for the victims and the people of the United States of America; they came as a shock to people around the world. Today after six years have passed, the effects of the tragedy are felt by people. The effects of the event were not only social and political, but were also psychological, mental, and health-related. In addition, there has been an economic impact also. This paper will look at the various impacts of the 9/11 attacks. Political Today the world is a changed place as the reaction of the American government after the attack has been very aggressive as president George Bush has been active all over the world in trying to find the mastermind behind the attack, he has attacked and invaded, Afghanistan and Iraq and hundreds of thousands of people have lost their lives in this fight against the terrorists who attacked the on 9/11. Although the Americans have not been very successful in finding Osama Bin Laden but the initial sympathy for the Americans have been changed to confusion and total opposition to the killings and invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, especially now it has been found that there is no connection between the terrorists and Saddam Hussein as was said by the US government. Psychological and Health-Related Risks According to research the rescue teams and other workers at the sight of the tragedy are still suffering from health and psychological impacts. It was reported that 70% of the rescue personnel had lung problems. And these problems were not short-term but had a long-term impact. And even after five years, people report new or deteriorating nasal and sinuses problems. In addition, many of them face psychological distress. More than half the survivors report respiratory problems and all of them have a strong possibility of mental and emotional distress, while 10% of the screened tested positive for psychological distress. It is thought that the debris from the falling tower was toxic and can cause serious diseases like cancer. (Medical Research News, 2006). Economic Impact The economic impact although there was not that great. The policies adopted by the government were able to keep in check the possible problems. However, in the short term, there were major falls in the stock market and the losses were huge. In addition, tourism and airlines have been adversely affected as people have become more cautious especially when traveling to certain parts of the world. A majority of the economic problems that resulted were not the direct result of the 9/11 attack but a result of the policies and the regulations that were taken by various governments to protect against more terror attacks in the future. Conclusion 9/11 attacks have turned out to be a major world tragedy and the impact of the events of that day have been serious and far-reaching. It is not wrong to say that the world has changed forever after these attacks. The political turmoil has been tremendous and mostly in the Islamic world as two countries have been attacked as a resul