ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Social policies such as the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and Paid Leave (PL) proved its efficiency in support of the society members that need care for themselves or to their close ones. It helped women to gain an equal role in society and have a work-life balance. Maternity leave is the main way the FMLA is applied for most of the time. However, it also includes the cases when the family member needs assistance due to health concerns. Thus, FMLA and PL should integrate additional monthly payments for employees due to an increase of population among older adults. Statement of the Problem The main audience of the given policy memo is State Legislator due to their competence in the FMLA and PL issues. The main problem is that close relatives are the social capital that older people can rely on in difficult life situations and which helps solve important aspects of their current lives (Weber, Harrison, Steward, & Ludington-Hoe, 2018). The help of relatives becomes significant and indispensable for the elderly. For older people in need of medical care, including long-term medical supervision, assistance, and attention due to a chronic illness or disability. Rehabilitation treatment during rehabilitation, medical care for exacerbation of chronic diseases, malaise, colds, except medical workers, an important element of support, and care for patients are relatives or friends (Arellano, 2015). Overview of the Problem The lack of the option of the paid leave in most of the states of America is a significant issue that needs to be resolved in the context of the FMLA and PL. Only two locations today have such a policy that enables to get the paid leave in case of the disease of the close relative (Arellano, 2015). The fact that today, compared to past more women are employed makes a need for the introduction of the program that allows providing care for the elderly family members (Feinberg, 2018a). Description High rates of population aging and an increase in the life expectancy of older people naturally stimulate growth in the need for expensive medical care and long-term care. In the composition of the total income of persons of retirement age, services provided an account for 45% (Weber et al., 2018). There is a wide variety of forms of service provision. With regard to long-term care services, there are various complexes of services at home, in medical geriatric clinics and in specialized homes for the elderly. The number of hospitalizations and the length of stay in medical facilities is significantly reduced if an older person can receive a wide range of support at home. The infrastructure of inpatient support is very diverse because it includes traditional nursing homes, where the elderly are constantly looked after (Arellano, 2015). However, there are also apartment-type homes in which older age groups suppo
Steps in Generic Purchasing Style First of all, the originator of the purchase requisition must fill in the necessary data on the form and get all the approval signatures. The requisition is then forwarded to the purchasing department. Spending levels are regulated by the finance department. If the purchase requisition amount exceeds the approval limit, which is set by the manager, another approval signature must be obtained to authorize the purchase order. After verifying that all the necessary information and approvals have been entailed, a purchase order number is assigned and the purchase requisition becomes an active purchase order (PO). Upon receipt of the PO, the vendor initiates the paperwork required to send the product and/ or provide the service. Once the product is sent or the service is provided, the supplier will send a bill to the A/P department. If a service is acquired, the PO originator has the responsibility for regulating installation requirements. A/P will initiate a request for bill payment after the bill is received from the supplier and its receipt, for a hard goods item is acknowledged by the receiving department. Finally, upon receipt of the payment approval from the originator, A/P pays the bill and informs purchasing that the PO activity has been completed. Outsourcing and Insourcing in Telecommunications A huge amount of nowadays companies choose outsourcing as an option in order to optimize financial and labor resources. The key principle of outsourcing is “I do everything that I can do the best, and the rest I leave to those who would do it the best”. Thus, the non-productive positions are eliminated, and it helps to improve profitability. These techniques are the elements of the basis for the success and steady development of any company. Insourcing is the notion that is quite opposite of outsourcing. It is a business practice in which the assignments (work) that may be outsourced, is accomplished in a company. The role of insourcing and outsourcing in the sphere of telecommunications is of essential significance. Originally, TC companies are interested in creating regional departments, and it becomes difficult to regulate some particular sphere of its activity (transportation, accounting, support service, etc), so these companies retort to outsourcing. If some services that are generally outsourced appear to be too expensive (or uncomfortable to use outsourced), TC company is recommended to hold the insourcing process. These services are often transportation (if there is a strong necessity in operability), web content creation, IT-sphere, etc.
Biodiversity has been defined as the diversity of living organisms (Godfray 2011). However, this definition is not comprehensive. Some experts have argued that biodiversity is the sum of all living things. When the two approaches are merged and combined, biodiversity becomes a variety of living organisms including the genetic variety within a species. Living things include plants, animals, microorganisms and coral reefs that have a life cycle. This paper will analyze the importance of biodiversity in food production and the implications for human existence. It will also examine future approaches to biodiversity and food production. It has been argued that biodiversity is not a new concept. It has been in existence for many centuries. The ancient civilizations respected everything the earth possesses and provides human beings with. All human activities were governed by certain community norms created to preserve the earth. Experts pinpoint that an old concept has only been renamed, which is true to some extent. The word biodiversity has entered common usage recently. But this does not mean that older generations of humans did not understand the importance of biodiversity. It has been pointed out that they actually did a better job than the present generations. Current environmental destruction has been attributed to population explosion and its attendant effects. Food production is heavily reliant on biodiversity. The productivity of plants and animals is directly affected by other organisms. Environmental degradation is not confined to particular areas of the planet only. However, certain areas are more susceptible to destruction than others. For instance, coral reefs are more delicate than any other ecosystem. Therefore, any slight variation in the climate can cause far reaching effects. Some countries contribute more to environmental destruction than others owing to lack of proper legislation. It is important to note that destruction of ecosystems can be caused by factors beyond human control. Some major natural occurrences may cause a major change in the composition of an ecosystem. Several organisms have provided food for humans since time immemorial. A wide range of organisms form part of human diet. The organisms that man eats range from plants, fish to birds and animals and fungi. Edible fungi are mushrooms. The edible plant and animal species have been shrinking over the years. Edible organisms are few as compared to the total number of organisms in the ecosystem. However, the edible species depend on other species. Good yields can only be realized through the establishment of a proper balance between the edible species and other species. This balance is necessary for optimum yields. Several edible plants depend on insects and birds for pollination (Aizen, Ashworth and Galetto 2002). Pollination of flowers is an important aspect of food production. Pollination may determine the amount and the quality of crop yields. Furthermore, plants that rely on seeds for reproduction require pollination in order for the seeds to be viable. S
Introduction The film The World Before Her was produced by Pahuja in 2012 as an attempt to show two drastically different paths of young girls in India. While the movie shows many young women, the two main characters are Ruhi Singh and Prachi Trivedi. The first girl, Ruhi, goes to a boot camp to prepare for a beauty pageant to win the title of Miss India. The second protagonist, Prachi, also participates in a training camp as a teacher. However, its purpose is very different – it is a part of the Hindu nationalist movement that teaches young girls the ways of Durga Vahini (Pahuja). The World Before Her: Discussion The film’s purpose is to represent the opposite views and influences of cultures that have impacted India through the years. The first one is the Western culture, which came into the country with the colonization and firmly established itself as a source of imitation for many generations. A beauty pageant is a perfect example of people trying to follow a constructed ideal to fit in and prove one’s worth. The second is the radical Hindu movement based on the belief that other religions such as Islam and Christianity are inferior to Hindus. These two influences clash and contrast each other with their values and priorities. However, the film takes a closer look at the camps’ details, revealing some unsettling similarities. Pahuja shows that both movements turn women into objects by putting them into confined roles of beauty queens and moral value defenders. The two groups of girls search for their identities to find freedom, and the movie reveals the patriarchal foundation of both ideologies. This documentary portrays a part of the culture that surrounds modern Indian women. While it may not show all experiences that Hindu girls go through, it succeeds in showing the main problems of the Indian conflict between tradition and modernization. Pahuja devotes a significant part of the movie to explain the conflict of values that separate one group of people from another. Both pageant participants and radical activists want to create a distinct identity for themselves, demanding to take a spot in India’s history (Mehta 140). Many of the social problems described in the film correspond with the development of gender roles in India (Thakur 68). The depiction of violence in the movie shows how the nation’s separation of movements affects emancipated women. Gender roles and expectations placed on women are realistically portrayed in the film through the interview with Prachi’s father, who proudly says that he beats her daughter so she would listen to him. The contradiction of fr
Introduction In my view, Kincaid’s Girl is very multilayered for such a short piece of literature. I do not hope to reveal every layer, but I would like to point out several patterns, in which I would pay attention to the educational relationship between the girl and the mother with a focus on the way this relationship affects the girl and the way it is formed and affected by the experiences of the mother. According to my analysis, these patterns indicate that the mother’s advice has significant value for the girl’s survival in the context of the sexist society that they live in, but it may have multiple negative consequences as well. The Character of the Mother Initially, both the content and the organization of the short story seem to portray the mother in a rather negative light. Indeed, the story is organized as a very long sentence, which predominantly consists of a stream of advice and reprimands uttered by the mother (the girl has only two lines in the story). As a result, the mother appears to be very domineering; her advice becomes overwhelming, which must translate the feelings of a girl who has to listen to this stream of advice throughout her life. Moreover, the woman expresses distrust in the girl’s actions and a continuous belief that her daughter is behaving in a somehow wrong way. It is noteworthy that the first girl’s interjection occurs only two pieces of advice after the accusation that she tries to deny, which creates the impression that she was trying to speak up earlier while the mother would not listen to her. In the end, the mother appears to be a cold, bitter woman who continually shames her daughter’s sexuality and applies derogatory words to her, which is likely to have a rather negative effect on the girl’s image of herself and the world. However, additional analysis proves that there are more layers to this character. The Key Concern: The Concept of a “Slut” The major concern that the mother appears to have is the idea that her daughter is “bent on becoming” a “slut” (Kincaid 505). In particular, the mother is apparent
Negrophilia is a French word that literally means love for Negros. This word was commonly used by avant-garde musicians and bohemians themselves expressing their enthusiasm for blacks culture. It was simple to embrace African art, listening to black Americans music and dancing with blacks seemed to be fashionable and modern and it spread widely and extremely fast. Just as it is nowadays, where people usually listen to African music songs, such as reggae, gang star lap, and hip hop, Afro hairstyle proliferate and lock. In 1920s, people wore black Americans clothes, danced music, such as Charleston, the black bottom, and the Lind hop. Jazz music especially influenced all age groups of the community. A musician like Louis Armstrong, King Olive, and Duke Ellington were very famous in the music world. More importantly, they embraced the African ways of their daily work; hence, their living style soon influenced the bigger crowd. This enhanced social integrations and improved interactions whereby even whites could marry the blacks. Due to the emergency of First World War, many blacks crossed borders to cities of Europe in search for jobs, social connections and improved living standards. This led to immense cultural appropriation, citing an example from Paris, where artistic conditions were extremely sensitive. Avant–garde artists collaborated with black personalities, such as Henry Crowder, Josephine Baker and Langston. On the other hand, passion for Negros spread through America and in late 1920s, there was a transformation of black white culture. According to Chew (300), the blacks took up some jobs such as photography, painting, journalism, music, dancing, furniture design and sculpture modeling; all these expressing how blacks were adapted and populised by white artists. This brought a new way of earning for living and could be viewed as way of economic development. With such kind of cultural redefinition, the blacks embraced some of white political structure, social practices, and economic activities by class, gender and ethnicity. In consideration, if this was taken positively, both parties would have promoted peace and cohesion and on the negative side it would have led to conflict. Consequently, there was an emergency of asymmetrical economic distribution due to political race consciousness. In fact, some kind of fear came up and this persists up to now. The blacks emigrants contributed to the economic depression, especially health wise and through many other factors. This was as a result of the blacks understanding
In Browning’s Porphyria’s Lover poem, the persona is giving a narration of what led him to kill his lover by strangling her with her hair. He begins the poem with a description of the weather, which reflects the persona’s mood. The overall descriptions that Browning uses to compare the persona to his lover Porphyria to give deep insight into the traits of the two are quite interesting. Bright colors, as employed here, describe the woman who is in most cases portrayed as active through the verbs used since her introduction. The persona on the other hand stands out as dull and aloof since he stays almost all times inside his cabin and generally mad considering how he justifies the motives behind his killing of Porphyria. “The sullen wind was soon awake,” (Browning line 2). In this line, Browning uses personification to portray the general mood of the poem. This is majorly through his description of the environment, which is cold until Porphyria comes in and brings some life and warmth with her. This is a great poem, considering its time of composition when certain immoral things reigned with people still for the exposed kind of art. Works cited Browning, Robert. Porphyria’s Lover: The Oxford Book of English Verse . Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Print.
Introduction From the view point of a student, identity can be said to be that behavior that an individual or a group of persons symbolizes by showing how they interact with each other as well as how they represent their culture of origin (Baumeister, 2004, p. 252). Definition of Identity According to Baumeister (2004, p. 257), due to the continuous evolution of the identity theory, there is no definite concept attached to identity; but the concept can be well understood by dissecting it into three key characteristics which are: identity as produced by the society, identity as a personal sense and identity as spontaneous as well as a representational character. On the other hand, Bailey (2000) views self-identity as a complex multidimensional concept that is composed of a number of components that seek to create an integrated image to an individual which then translates to the perceptions underlying that individual when it comes to defining whom he or she is, which is often coupled with ethnic identity. This shows that identity concerns itself with the nature of self rather than the person’s experiences. Bailey (2000) also proclaims that self identity is a series of involved steps over a long period of time; where the first step involves an interweave of one’s human fixed nature as well as one’s ongoing acquired nature, step two arises from interpretation of one’s social experiences which builds one’s system of values, step three delves into the realm of philosophy of life where a person defines what life is to him or her which in turn ponders on one’s value system, step four deals with the creation of one’s character upon his/ her created belief system and in regard to his/ her philosophy of life and lastly the final result is a fully fledged self image that is the product of one’s character and personality (Bailey, 2000, p. 6). Culture Identity Culture identity refers to a set of learned beliefs, behaviors as well as values that signifies a way of life within a certain community or society (Sakurai, 2006, p. 33). This conforms to a shared system of commonalities in terms of perceptions towards certain issues which translates into the belief system coupled with practices which are defined and identifiable to each member who in turn creates the behavioral tendencies within a group of people. Therefore, cultural identity can be said to emanate from history (a person’s background and roots) and personal identity (a person’s personality and character). Thus it can be said that cultural identity is a representative of an individual’s or a groups behaviors which have been built up on ethnic backgrounds as well as values and belief systems that seek to define that group or society which the individual belongs to (Baumeister, 2004, p. 265). An individual’s cultural identity is the symbolic cultural representative of one’s cultural background and a composite of ethnic belief systems and
One of the first historians, Herodotus, was born in the Persian empire in Halicarnassus and flourished in the fifth century BC. Herodotus recounted the Persian Wars headed by King Darius, who launched a conquering expedition and studied the Scythian way of life in full (Herodotus, 2005, p.60). Moreover, he learned about the Scythians’ interaction with other cultures, customs, and land acquisition from Greeks during his travels. Herodotus, the Greek historian, was notable for documenting comprehensive events, queries and presenting a timeline. He proceeded on tour to Athena, Egypt, the Black Sea, and the East of Europe, demonstrating the knowledge and was eventually referred to as “The Father of History” (Herodotus, 2005, p.1). The recorded tales formed one of many historical texts known as The Histories, a nine-book collection of historical materials. Historians later utilized the historical record to examine the timeline and the Greek era. In this reading, Herodotus focuses on Persian traditions in particular as the central theme. He tells how Persians celebrate their birthdays and how they make sacrifices to the gods. Herodotus has a dislike for the Persians, and it shows. He believes that no other country has ever accepted a Persian habit or instruction (Herodotus, 2005, p.33). This is due to the Persians absorbing all they have ever learned from different cultures. Many of his accusations against Persians seem to be subjective as well. This may seem biased since Herodotus did not have many positive meetings with the Persians. According to Simon Hornblower, Herodotus was quoted as claiming “that there was greater pain (‘ills’) for Greece in the three generations of the Persian monarchs Darius, Xerxes, and Artaxerxes than in the 20 generations preceding Darius” some of which are inextricably linked to the Persians (Hornblower, 2018, p.56). Herodotus was likewise the victim of a tragedy at the hands of the Pers
The strengthening families program is an international program designed to reduce major risk factors associated with inappropriate teen behavior and poor parenting (FSD, 2012). It is designed for both high risk families and regular families. It has been implemented in various countries with considerable success. Substance use and juvenile delinquency represent a great danger to the youth. High risk families targeted by the program are those in which one or both parents are abusing drugs. This paper will analyze the advantages of the strengthening families program. It will also offer an opinion on whether the government should provide similar programs to communities. The strengthening families program is beneficial to both the government and families. First, it saves money for the government and families (Segrott, 2008). Inappropriate behavior like juvenile delinquency and substance abuse can be very costly to the government. The cost of correcting the behavior through rehabilitation programs and adjudication is high as compared to investing in preventive programs. It is apparent that preventive programs are expensive but it has been reported that the benefits of such programs outweigh the costs. For every amount of money invested in a preventive program much more is saved in future costs. Rehabilitation is more expensive than preventing the development of a habit. These programs also prevent the loss of future earnings. Inappropriate behavior like substance abuse and delinquency can reduce one’s ability to secure a job in future. Unemployment increases the dependency ratio. In addition, imprisonment restricts the kind of jobs one can be hired to do. The program strengthens family functioning (Segrott, 2008). Benefits gained by attending the program include improved family functioning. Attending the program enables the parents to bond with their children. Children also get a chance to bond with each other. This is crucial for family functioning because it fosters respect between parents and their children. Parents get to know their children better. Parents also benefit from improved parenting skills. This ensures that children grow up to be responsible adults. The program also improves communication and understa