ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Most Appealing Ideas Expressed by the Author In his book titled Everything School Leaders Need to Know about Assessment , Popham presented a very detailed analysis of the procedures and aspects included in the process of assessment and testing in education. In particular, the author discussed such issues as the reasons for testing, reliability and validity of the assessment, the problem of bias, rubrics, instructional sensitivity, the mechanisms involved in test construction. The matter aspect represents one of the ideas that I found particularly interesting about this book. To be more precise, the author recommended that, working on a test, an educator should construct it based on three major components such as the development of items, their improvement, and the assembly of the test. In that way, the author found a simplified way to present the structure and organization of a test. One of the main pieces of advice given by the author emphasized the importance of a solid theoretical or evidence-based foundation for a test. In particular, the modern educators are required to research the contemporary assessment strategies whose effectiveness has been confirmed through a lengthy practice instead or using the old-fashioned approaches that may be discredited today. In addition, I appreciated the points of view on the formative assessment explained by the author. This is where the previous idea about the foundation for assessment is mentioned once again due to the risk of choosing an unsupported by research but a widely and actively promoted method of formative assessment. Moreover, when it comes to this form of assessment in general, Popham pointed out its high level of importance and impact on learners, as well as the capacity to drive instruction and help a teacher adjust the delivery of new knowledge in accordance with the students’ needs. The Implications of the Ideas in the Book for Me as an Educator The book by Popham is very helpful in its ability to demonstrate and outline the structure of assessment and its different aspects. Knowing how the parts of assessment are formed and what functions they carry enables me to adjust the assessment strategies I use without having to change the entire mechanism, but simply by re-shaping some of its components. Also, I enjoyed the explanation of an educators’ bias and its role in an assessment. Using the same detailed manner of decomposition of various structures, the author elaborated on the formation of bias, its different forms, and the potential impact it may produce on the overall quality of the assessment, as well as on its results and their interpretation by an educator. Moreover, it is critical to mention that in his book, Popham emphasized that in order to stimulate the teachers to participate in the changes and transformations inflicted by the adoption of the principles explained, it is important to demonstrate why they should be interested in adjusting their approach to assessment. In
Environmental and behavioral interventions have remained to be of primary focus as far as cancer prevention is concerned. Developing and developed countries suffer from different types of cancers attributable to different modifiable risk factors. 75% of cancers are attributed to behavioral factors, which if modified, could significantly help to reduce the burden of cancer disease. Various healthy behaviors should be adhered to concerning cancer prevention. To start with, scientists continuously propose that a healthy diet coupled with exercise plays a fundamental role in the modification of cancer risk. Lack of engagement in physical activity and poor eating habits lead to increased body mass index (BMI), a risk factor to breast, colon, and prostate cancers, where a correlation of 0.55, 0.4, and 0.6 was derived respectively (Akushevich et al, 2011). Even though the mechanism which leads to a reduction in the occurrence of cancer attributed to low BMI is not clear, substantial evidence has supported this hypothesis. Unhealthy dietary patterns characterized by fatty and sugary foods, and low activity levels are considered to be unhealthy behaviors, which in themselves are impacting risk factors that predispose individuals to various cancers irrespective of the site. High BMI characterizing overweight and obesity is a risk factor for According to Key et al (2004, 187), healthy eating is second to lack of smoking in the prevention of cancers. Smoking and alcohol use are two unhealthy behaviors that also act as impacting risk factors for oral cavity, pharynx, esophageal, and lung cancers, due to their supposed negative effects on the epithelium (Key et al, 2004, 189). Abstinence or faithfully staying with one sexual partner is another form of healthy behavior that should be adopted among women in the prevention of cervical uteri cancer. Unhealthy sexual behavior predisposes one to the human papillomavirus, which is the impacting risk factor to cervical uteri cancer. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is another disease that is highly preventable if only an individual embraces a healthy lifestyle in terms of diet and exercise. It is the leading cause of death in the US for both men and women. Just like cancer, physical inactivity and poor eating habits are the main unhealthy behaviors that predispose one to risk factors for CHD. Unhealthy cholesterol, bad cholesterol, obtained from poor choices of foods is one of the major risk factors that attributes to CHD. Bad cholesterol is mainly received from saturated and Trans fats thus, a healthy diet aiming to reduce the incidence of CHD should contain less saturated and Trans fats and more unsaturated fats. In addition, a high-fat diet leads to obesity and subsequently CHD. High serum cholesterol supports the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which is an underlying disease in CHD. There is also strong evidence on the significant association between cigarette smoking and CHD. Cigarette smoki
Introduction In the modern USA, it becomes harder to define what an Irish American Ethnic identity is and how it should manifest itself (Kenny, 2014). It is especially so for younger generations, as intermarriage and amalgamation of different cultures have led to the dissipation of ethnic lines. In addition to that, migration from cities and cultural enclaves to suburbs and rural areas, greater participation in the public schools with multiple cultures attending, and a considerable reduction of immigrants from Ireland led to the further decline people of defining themselves as Irish Americans (Kenny, 2014). In the modern-day, while more than thirty-one million Americans have Irish ancestry, but American society as a whole has few associations with them (United States Census Bureau, 2017). Still, despite that, many descendants of those immigrants have their traditions and are proud of being Irish. Ethic Event Irish people have been a part of American society for more than two hundred years. Therefore, it is unsurprising that they have been assimilated into the broader American community, integrating into the existing culture and introducing some of their customs into it. While Protestant Irish were quickly accepted by the local population, due to the similar culture of such immigrants, it was harder for the Catholic Irish to adapt, especially with the animosity that brewed between them and English colonists. This led to the spreading of denigrating stereotypes about the Irish, picturing them as violent drunks and savages that came to attack the local society (Kenny, 2014). Still, despite that, they were still able to mix with the American culture easier than other ethnicities due to having a common ground in language and the Western European legacy. Another point in their favor was their numbers, as they were able to create their communes, supporting each other, and welcoming other Irish immigrants (Kenny, 2014). Even Catholicism, which was a significant point of contention, became an essential part of the modern culture of the USA (Kenny, 2014). In other words, while integration was a hard and continuous process, rife with cultural and religious conflicts, in modern times, Irish culture is an accepted part of the modern US. Wake In most cultures, wakes are somber and dark events that allow a participating person to comprehend his mortality and to say goodbye to the dead. However, in Irish culture, it is the opposite of that. Irish wakes are organized in a boisterous, and some may even say playful manner. People participate in the drinking, singing, and storytelling to remember, as if not to mourn for the departure of the dead, but to celebrate that they have lived. As it was believed that leaving the body lone will bring bad luck, the nightly vigil was kept, leading to the term ‘wake.’ Many researchers believe that such tradition is derived from t
Overview Started as a single retail store in coffee business at Seattle, Washington in 1971, Starbucks Corporation now (as of July 1, 2012) has 17,615 coffee chain retail stores spread across 60 countries with a loyal customer base of several millions. The Company’s mission is ‘inspiring and nurturing ‘of humanity through serving coffee. At the beginning, the non-descript store roasted and retailed in whole coffee bean and ground coffee along with tea and spices. Now the company’s retail outlets have become gathering places for families and friends for consuming the coffee beverage. In its objective of serving the best available coffee, the company sources its coffee purchases of the best quality from around the world in Latin America, Africa and Asia. The company serves to its customers at the retail stores, coffee of consistent quality by direct sourcing from the coffee growers in the above said world coffee markets. Apart from serving its own beverage, Starbucks sells a wide range of consumer products in coffee, ‘coffee and tea’ brewing equipment along with other eatables. Its brand portfolio consists of “Starbucks Coffee, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Tazo Tea, Evolution Fresh, La Boulange and Torrefazione Italia Coffee”. The company was incorporated in November 1985 and was listed on NASDAQ on June 26, 1992 at @ $ 17 per share which closed at $ 22.50 per share on the first day. As a socially responsible company, Starbucks adopts ethical sourcing of high quality coffee direct from the farmers offering them support loans and forest conservation programs that have ensured long-term supply of coffee beans of consistent quality during the last 40 years of its existence. The company‘s policy of making its cups 100 % reusable or recyclable by 2015 reflects its environmental commitments. Starbucks also has community involvement in the neighborhoods of the coffee growers it is sourcing coffee from and it has planned to devote one million volunteer hours every year from 2015 onwards as part of being a responsible neighbor . The company has promoted its brand so well that the name “Starbucks” ranks next to the topmost ranking Coca Cola on the Facebook . Recently Starbucks announced launching of its retail chain in Sweden and Norway by 2013 through joint venture with the Norway based restaurant chain Umoe Restaurant Group. Starbucks’ results for the quarter ended July 1, 2012 showed net revenues of $ 3,303.6 million and operating income of $ 331.3 million, Total Assets at $ 8,308.9 million and liabilities at $ 2,290.9 million . Company’s sales mix, product wise, at the company owned stores for the fiscal years 2009, 2010 and 2011 is as follows. Fiscal
The movie “HANA-BI” or “Fireworks” tells a story of a retired police officer who has left his work for emotional reasons, due to the accident with his friend. As such, his life has turned into a completely different experience, and he has to adjust to different values and morals. One of the key scenes in the movie is where Nishi is sitting by the fire with his wife Miyuki. She has leukemia and Nishi is taking care of her. The inevitability of the decease is written on his face in several instances during the movie. The scene where they sit and laugh by the fire is significant for several things. The formal elements of the clip include a married couple spending time together. From a side, it would be impossible to suppose that one has a deadly disease while the other is eternally saddened by the fact that nothing can be done. It seems like a separate moment in time where all the worries are taken away, and only the fire and the company of a close person are being paid attention to ( HANA-BI ). The thematic elements of the clip are tied into the main theme that even though there are happy moments, they must be mixed with pain and suffering. It is thus representative of life and all the perturbations that make people so vulnerable to the circumstances and conditions of being alive. The scene is thus connected to the whole film, as one story flows into another and the setting is changed completely (Phillips 2007). The continuous nature of life is represented by the situations that Nishi finds himself in, and the course of action he chooses. The scene is filled with feeling because Kitano has had a life full of emotional situations, and has experienced pain first hand. He knows how important it is to value each moment that is given to people, as even those miniscule pieces in time can be taken away in a blink of an eye (Norden 1994). In a greater historical context, it is possible to recognize the hardships that accompany the battle for happiness and survival. A particular emphasis is made on the struggles of a person who is fighting an illness, their personal lives and those of people around. It is meant to show the pain that relatives and close people go through. Previously, such deadly conditions were even less managed than today, so it is meant to signify the progress that has been made, even though it is not enough to save people’s lives. In reality, it is difficult for Nishi to be beside his wife, look at her and realize that some day he will not be able to talk to her or spend time simply sitting by the fire and laughing. This shows a true emotional connection that he has with another person, and this scene is meant to teach others how fragile life is (Belton 1996). The movie is filled with moments that are emotional, sentimental and heartfelt. It has been acclaimed as a work of art because it touches the inner corners of the person’s heart, and makes one wonder about the true values of life. The scene very directly and vividly describes the relationship between two people, and the connection to the outside influences which are rarely anticipated by people and their seeming strength. Works Cited Belton, John. M
We are glad to receive your request for information. Our company works in the field of consulting for more than ten years. Over this period we have already gained trust of a large number of clients. This company specializes in the following areas: technology implementation, change management, strategy development, operational improvement, technology implementation, and employee training. We have already assisted several companies that underwent mergers and acquisitions. Moreover, we have already worker with those organizations which needed to prepare, guide and assess the merging of networks. If you refer to them, they will tell you that our consulting firm gives the best price-quality ratio. Executive Management This diagram presents the services our company and its structured development. It shows how various departments of our company interact with one another. This are the services which we can offer to you. Our IT consultants, HR managers and financial accounts can assist you with implementation of this project. Our team of consultants can address various aspects of your network mergers. The IT experts will determine the IT needs of the two companies. They will make sure that the two networks perform to their full capacity. Their work will be based on continuous cooperation with your managers and administrators and they will take into account the opinion of different stakeholders. Moreover, our HR consultant will help your company to develop training for the personnel. These people have in-depth experience in this area and they will do their best help you with the network design. Our consultants will evaluate various alternatives what your company can choose from and provide you with information about the possible costs entailed by this project. They will help you with selection of equipment and software solutions. Their assistance will allow you to minimize the costs at no expense for the quality of network design. When the merger is completed, we will conduct follow-up assessment of the network design. We know that you as our prospective client value meticulous planning, attentiveness toward customer needs, integrity, and continuous improvement. Our consultants attach great importance to each of these things and you can expect them from us. There are several things that our consulting company can offer to you. One of them is complete confidentiality; we ensure that the information provided to us by our clients is never transferred to any third-parties. Secondly, our consulting company guarantees customization of our services; we never offer generic strategies to our clients. The recommendations, provided by our consultants are always based on in-depth research of the situation
Chen, Juanjuan, et al. “Improved Photodynamic Anticancer Activity and Mechanisms of a Promising Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine-Quinoline Conjugate Photosensitizer In Vitro and In Vivo. ” Biomedical Optics Express, vol. 11, no. 7, 2020, pp. 3900-3912. While focusing on the use and effectiveness of light in cancer treatment, this article describes how researchers have been keen to identify and use photosensitizers (PSs) that are ideal and effective. This means that this article is directly related to the intended research study. The work is also significant and offers similar insights and arguments to the ones described in the other sources. The presented new information is that quinoline-8-yloxy-substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc-Q1) could become a promising photosensitizer in the management and treatment of tumor cells (Chen et al. 3900). The use of such photo-sensitizers can ensure that clinical outcomes are recorded in a timely manner. The notable strength of this article is that it goes further to identify ZnPc-Q1 as a possible candidate for using light therapy in the treatment of cancer. The outstanding aspect of this source is that ZnPc-Q1 is promising due to its chemical structure, absorption abilities, and reduced toxicity on the human skin. dos Santos, Ancély, et al. “Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Treatment – An Update Review.” Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment, vol. 5, no. 1, 2019, pp. 25-34. This article is relevant and informative since it explains how the use of light therapy could help more cancer patients to record positive health outcomes. The information available from this source is evidence-based, practical, and directly linked to what the other sources provide. The outstanding new information is that photodynamic therapy (PDT) is not known to disorient or compromise the other available treatment methods. Some of the strengths of this article are that the authors present a divergent view of the subject matter and examine how therapy could meet the demands of more patients (dos Santos et al. 28). This piece of work also digs deeper to examine some of the unique benefits of light therapy and compares them with the other available options. There is no identifiable weakness in this article. The most interesting aspect of this article is that PDT is effective and capable of reducing the prolonged morbidity associated with the other treatment methods, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Gai, Shili, et al. “Recent Advances in Functional Nanomaterials for Light-Triggered Cancer Therapy.” NanoToday, vol. 19, no. 1, 2018, pp. 146-187. In this work, the authors examine and describe some of the breakthroughs in the use of phototherapy in cancer treatment. The work relates to other sources directly because
Introduction Cognitive semantics includes the study of individuals’ use of figurative language with a focus on certain cognitive structures. In figurative language, a metaphor is “a figure of speech that connects two seemingly dissimilar referents so that we can understand each one in terms of the other” (Danesi, 2018, p. 73). From this perspective, the choice of metaphors to use in speech is based on an individual’s set of concepts related to his or her cognition (Langacker, 2016). However, the problem is that the conceptual systems associated with people’s cognition are the product of both thought and individual experience, and thus, these systems cannot be studied directly (Yamaguchi, Tay, & Blount, 2014). The research question to address in this paper is as follows: What is the relationship between conceptual metaphors and human cognition in the context of cognitive semantics and conceptual metaphor theory? The purpose of this research is to describe the key principles of creating conceptual metaphors and to explain the significant relationship between conceptual metaphors and human cognition, focusing on the idea that these metaphors are sets of mappings that have their mental representation in human cognition. Cognitive Semantics, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and the Definition of Conceptual Metaphors Cognitive semantics can be viewed as a key direction for research in the general area of cognitive linguistics. According to Danesi (2018), cognitive semantics is “a system of concepts grounded in figurative language” (p. 72). This area of knowledge is associated with studying specific relationships between a person’s experience and his or her conceptual system as well as the unique semantic structure of the language the individual uses daily. Thus, one key focus of scholars has been on examining how people conceptualize or generate meanings and what conceptual structures they use for this purpose. As a result, researchers have formulated certain principles of cognitive semantics, such as embodying conceptual structures into language, viewing semantic structures as conceptual in nature, discussing meaning in the context of an encyclopedic aspect, and accentuating conceptualization as the construction of meaning (Kiseleva & Trofimova, 2017). Accordingly, investigations are paying much attention to understanding the idea of conceptualization with reference to the use of figurative language such as metaphors. Scholars have developed co