ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The main objective of computer forensics is to examine the validity of electronic evidence in a manner that is acceptable in a court of law. The basic procedures involved in computer forensics are the identification, preservation, recovery, analysis and preservation of digital evidence gathered. Computer forensics does not play a significant role in alleviating computer crime but also an integral process in civil proceedings that involves the application of techniques and practices aimed at the establishment of a legitimate examination trail (Blackley et al., 2003). This paper outlines the steps required in making electronic evidence acceptable in court, the various crimes, and incidents involved in electronic forensic investigations and the importance of security and computer policy applications. In addition, the paper provides an overview of the techniques used in obtaining evidence from the internet and web resources, the types of evidence that can be recovered from electronic and computer resources, and the importance of documentation and chain-of-custody in the judicial process. Steps necessary to make electronic evidence acceptable in court The practices involved in the examination of digital evidence and evidence collected because of computer forensics investigation are usually the same. The admissibility of digital evidence in a court of law is impeded by the fact that most digital evidence is collected without legal authority. This implies that digital investigation is problematic in making collected evidence acceptable in a law court (Brenner, 2007). With the chief objective of acquiring and analyzing digital evidence, there are three fundamental steps in making the collected evidence acceptable in a law court: evidence acquisition, authentication and relevance, and analysis. A typical example to illustrate this is during the seizure of a suspect’s hard drive, a copy of the hard drive is made, after which it is analyzed to ascertain relevance to the court case and identify potential evidence such as deleted files (Bunting, 2007). Evidence acquisition for electronic evidence varies depending on the type of evidence. The significant challenge is acquiring electronic evidence to ascertain its location. For instance, some computer forensic processes require the examination of data stored in hard drives and log files, which are stored in the Random Access Memory of the computers. There is standardized procedure in gathering electronic evidence, implying that the investigator must deploy suitable evidence collection methodology in order to secure the electronic evidence. It is also impe
This essay is based on Dante’s Paradiso Canto 14 and its relation to politics, justice, and ethics in the community. Canto 14 is an explanation of how Dante gathers leaves and returns them to the bush. Moreover, Canto 14 characterizes Capaneus in an intellectual concept as a proud person by re-emphasizing Dante’s hell. Capaneus was blasphemous on earth and in hell and kept on emphasizing that he had not changed. Such a clarity which he exhibited made him unique. Virgil tries to control and inform Dante of what is necessary and recommendable, but the latter keeps drawing towards Capaneus and copying his behaviors of defying the gods. The degree of defiance increases when the circle of individuals is subjected to punishment. Punishments either make or destroy an individual’s way of behavior. Being condemned even to death, Capaneus did not change his behavior; he continued with his pride and blasphemy even in hell. Defiant behavior is experienced in today’s community, whereby powerful individuals become influential in changing behavior. Those in powerful positions in society find it easy to convince the masses who may emulate their characters, however undesirable they are. Defiant members in the community tend to develop hardships when subjected to correction. Most of them do not like the feeling of being under the control of various laws and regulations. In Dante’s Paradiso, Canto 14, Virgil’s target to help Dante can be equated to that of counselors who devote their resources to change society. Subjecting Capaneus and Dante into punishment for sinful actions did not solve the issue but, instead, encouraged them to be more defiant. Subjecting defiant individuals to severe punishment may result in serious damage. If the society feels that people are not cooperative and do not meet the expectations, then developing strategies such as creating counseling sessions would help deal with the situation. Severe punishment might lead to extreme hardening and behavioral maintenance. The community acts as the primary correctional center, while prisons and jails are a secondary option. As Dante, Capaneus and Virgil were not attended to guidance and counseling on earth and ended up being punished in hell. An individual’s behavior should be dealt with in the community setting before being forwarded to high justice levels. While dealing with injustice cases in the community, ethics must be applied. It is practical to mention crimes committed before passing judgment on offenders. People need to understand their mistakes, the way forward to ending such mistakes, and corrective measures. They then emulate specific lifestyles that do not allow them to commit more offenses. The community should implement practical disciplinary measures to every member for uniformity and neutrality. Punishment should not be severe, so that society members are prevented from becoming more defiant, hence, it will not lead to worse cases. Mild corrections on individuals give them home to smoothly correct their behavioral pa
Introduction Many laws have been put in place to ensure that people get to enjoy their freedom. However, there comes a time when people commit various crimes and it becomes necessary to arrest them. In certain instances, collection of evidence takes time and prosecutors need time to present these suspects to court. Nevertheless, there are cases where some people are arrested and not taken before a court of law. Habeas corpus is a law requiring that any person who is arrested should be taken before a court of law for trial. The law prohibits unfair detentions which would otherwise be practiced by various law enforcers. The U.S. government has received mixed reactions regarding its application of the law to people who it has detained in the name of war against terror. The question that many people are asking is why deny these prisoners their right of being fairly tried yet the war against terror does not seem to have an end in sight? Moreover, some people are questioning whether it is legal to hold people in detention without any prove whether they are terrorists or not. In a nutshell, there is need to determine how habeas corpus should be applied in the war against terrorism. Evolution of Habeas Corpus Habeas corpus was being used in England from as early as 1215 though through a collection of various court orders. In ancient England, the king and his courts used habeas corpus to ensure that any person who was detained was brought before court. However, this has evolved over time and it is now used by either the detained person or any other person acting on his/her behalf to demand that the detained person be brought before court to determine whether the detention is legal. In this regard, habeas corpus was a vital constituent of unwritten common law. Consequently, habeas corpus has been used by several generations especially in England to put to check the ability of the state to curtail liberty of the citizenry (Krent, 2005). It is a way by which an individual can fight against the government’s unlimited power over various issues. In the United States, habeas corpus was among the gifts that were passed on to the people at independency. It was inherited from the British colonialists who believed that habeas corpus was actually a birth right. Its application can be traced to as far as 1659 when people conducted a civil action after a judge in Massachusetts affirmed the detention of a person who had been arrested for resisting an illegal tax. Habeas corpus was incorporated into the constitution and can also be found in statutory law
Introduction Holidays mark among the most memorable moments in one’s life. Scenes of people stretching in the warm coastal beaches and others having fun in the blue oceans fill one with a desire that life should have had nothing but safaris in the African natural forests to the glaciers of the great Swiss Mountains. This glamour usually sends the picture of the role players of this industry into oblivion. Actually, without certain industries, it would have been very impossible to travel to strange places and have fun. This is what makes the Hospitality industry one of the most important key players in the strengthening of the tourism industry in any given country. This industry whose main activities include the provision of accommodation, foods and drinks has played a great role in the stability of many economies that depend entirely on tourism. Hotels form the greatest key players in this industry. Having a luxurious orientation, the industry highly depends on the economic stability of the people in order to flourish. Therefore, a credit crunch can have a detrimental effect on the industry (Aaron, 1997). Major Issues What are the major issues that affect the hospitality industry? The issues that affect the hospitality industry can range from managerial to financial and economic. Political factors also play an important role in the well being of this industry. The money markets, for example can increase or reduce the number of visitors in a given country both external and internal visitors. In the United Kingdom for example, the strength of the pound in relation to other currencies can lead to more outbound tourism as the British tourists are bound to pay less as a result of the exchange rate. The reverse is true (Rosie, 2008). With the British pound losing strength on most of the world’s currencies, the outbound tourism is likely to fall below normal levels. By the start of December 2008, British tourists were paying a third more on their hotel accommodations including food and drinks.This is bound to continue in regard to the disturbed world economic status (Rosie, 2008). Despite the slump in the strength of the British Pound, not all is doom for the hospitality sector. As more people cut on their expenses due to the hard times, in bound tourism is now a glaring oppor
Screening is a medical diagnostic technology for a continuous non-selective laboratory examination of all newborns for certain metabolic diseases, designed to ensure the timely detection and initiation of treatment for sick children in order to prevent their disability. The main goal of neonatal screening is to prevent the development of the disease and thereby save the life of the born baby. Hence, the desire of specialists to cover as many inherited diseases as possible with such technology is understandable. It allows parents to identify congenital metabolic disorders in the first weeks of the baby’s life. Such screening is carried out using a blood test or tandem mass spectrometry, which makes it possible to test a child for a host of genetic diseases, including critical congenital heart disease, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, and hearing loss (“Newborn metabolic screening,” 2020). The technique of blood sampling for advanced screening is no different from the procedure for a routine study. Advanced neonatal screening reveals a change in the concentration of metabolites in one direction or another, that is, an increased or decreased content of these substances may indicate the presence of a genetic disease (de Castro, Filippon, Souza, & Weber, 2016). As with mandatory screening, in case of serious abnormalities, the doctor sends the baby to specialized specialists to conduct additional studies and develop a treatment regimen if the diagnosis is confirmed. Genetic screening of newborns is especially necessary if there have been cases of hereditary diseases in the family, albeit in the distant past. Quite often, healthy parents still carry defective genes and can pass them on to offspring. However, even if no one in the family suffered from genetic diseases, it is still worthwhile to do such an expanded screening of newborns, since the child still has the risk of these pathologies. In Maryland, the screening targets identifying disorders, such as inability to break down breast milk sugar and proteins, congenital hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, and Fabry disease (“Newborn metabolic screening,” 2020). The goal of these tests is to identify the problems and help to prevent the complications associated with these disorders. Overall, the current Maryland testing guidelines are adequate because they encompass a wide range of key health issues among newborns.
Brief History of African Americans   * African Americans arrived in America in the colonial era to work in cane plantations as a result of slavery.   * They formed part of the lucrative trade in slave labor fuelled by slave raiding parties (Niles, 2010 ).   * Slave trade was rampant across the world, with Africa serving as one of the main catchment areas.   * After the abolishment of slave trade, and the subsequent abolishment of segregations laws, African Americans attained full citizenship in America.   * Their unique history since the era of slave trade continues to play a significant role in their lives today. Values   * The value system of African Americans does not vary a lot from the general values espoused by other Americans.   * Most of their values emanate from their historical and cultural experience. African Americans are strong supporters of democratic ideals, personal freedoms, and the freedom of religion.   * Values emphasized by African Americans include:       + Strong communal ties derived from their African roots and their collective experience during slavery and during the years of segregation (Scott, 2005);       + Strong commitment to religion;       + Strong sense of personal and family pride that at times hinder them from seeking help (Jones, 2008). Language and Communication Patterns   * Language:       + African Americans no longer speak the native languages from their African heritage.       + Depending on specific social circumstances, some use a distinct form of slang (Laster, 2001).       + The more affluent African Americans tend to use the standard form of American English.   * Communication Patterns:       + The communication patterns of affluent African Americans does not vary in a notable way from the standard communication patterns.       + The less affluent African Americans tend to use street language most of the time. World View   * African Americans have a higher distrust for the government than most Americans (Jones, 2008).   * They also do not trust the criminal justice system and the mainstream media(Jones, 2008). This may be attributed to the high crime rate among African Americans.   * African Americans mainly view life as a struggle. This is a legacy of slave trade and segregation.   * African Americans believe that solidarity is necessary for their survival. Arts and Expressive Forms   * Arts and expressive forms developed by African Americans have a strong correlation with the historical experiences of the community.   * The most recognizable form of African American art is hip hop music (Niles, 2010) This genre emanated from the need to have a means of expressing the frustrations of daily life that African Americans were experiencing.   * Other art forms developed by African Americans also carry the message of emancipation.   * Music and visual art (such as graffiti) continue to play a key role in the expression of African American views in the American societ
The Burmese Harp, a story set in Burma, shows the war among Japanese troops and their enemies. The soldiers, who are participating in the war, die a useless death, which is not at all important to their compatriots or their enemies. When the Japanese troops are supposed to surrender and a soldier is sent to other Japanese troops to tell them to drop their guns, they deny the orders and continue to fight and thereby, continue to die too. It is at this time, that the soldier realizes the unnecessary contribution that the soldiers make in the war by dying. No one benefits from it. But, still the other soldiers continue to fight and die without any retrospection. They don’t realize that their death would cause no grief for the country. It will just be another soldier dead and nothing more than that. But, they keep fighting for the sake of their beloved country. The soldier who had been sent by the Japanese troops to the other co-troops, found all this senseless and unnecessary. He eventually refuses to return to the place where he came from and decides to pay homage and respect to the dead bodies by burying them, which were lying all over the war field. His compatriots do try to call him back, but the soldier transforms himself into a monk. To rejoin his fellow soldiers, Shoji steals the robes of a Buddhist monk and begins to make his way across the countryside. He finally understands that there is no gain in violence and that it should be avoided at any cost. The moment he sees numerous corpses of the soldiers who died for no cause, compels him to change his perception of war. Although he was a soldier himself earlier, he still develops in himself, an aversion from the feelings of hostility and violence. He gets transformed completely and starts making his own way. It is one of the most important teachings of Buddhism, which tells one to avoid non violence. So, a Buddhist Monk would never let himself get carried away by strong urges of committing violence. It totally depends on the situation that lies ahead of him. He might resort to a certain act of violence only if it is the only way to protect him from a danger. But, even though the world is predicated on war and violence, the moral values are still alive, and no form of violence can be successful in lessening the impact of these values on us, which have been instilled in us since our childhood. Unlike in the movie, Burmese Harp, where, a soldier turned into a monk, the transformation is still sensible. The difference between the mental levels of the soldier and his compatriots is known when he sends them a letter explaining his inability to return to Japan. He transforms into a monk and develops mentally; whereas, his compatriots are momentarily moved by his letter but the next moment, start thinking about their homes and families. The Burmese Harp is a film which, even while dealing with war and all its senseless tragedy, refuses to cheapen life and maintains the impo
Today many young adults continue living with their parents, even in their 20s and 30s. The main reason for this phenomenon is usually financial matters. As housing grows in price, young people find it difficult to afford their own place to live. Staying with their parents allows these children to focus on aspects other than rent and mortgage payment. Furthermore, in many cases, food is provided by the parents along with shelter. Therefore, children can concentrate on their own needs. On the other hand, such a level of support might be detrimental to the young person’s career and overall ambitions. According to Lebowitz (2017), adult children still living at their parents’ homes often avoid getting a higher education and a stable job, which leads to their alienation from society. Lebowitz (2017) also adds that such individuals are “often perceived as overly pampered and lazy, and their parents are commonly ridiculed for being too indulgent” (p. 89). The longer an adult child stays at home, the more difficult it will be for them to start making a living independently. As Burn and Szoeke (2016) state, continued co-residing also increases the financial load and is more emotionally stressful for the parents in the long run. While financial issues play a crucial role in this phenomenon, other factors also contribute to it. According to Burn and Szoeke (2016), children stay at home until they are in their 30’s for a variety of reasons, including emotional ones. When the time comes to leave home, young people are petrified of the idea of living on their own and not having the same level of everyday care and support that they are used to. As for the parents, they, too, are often hesitant about letting their beloved child into adult life. At some point, they might find it difficult to discuss the situation with children. As said in the Bible, “ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord” (Ephesians 6:4, King James Version). Following this advice, parents might prefer to leave the situation as it is, instead of bringing up the issues and causing a confrontation. In the end, both young adults and their parents experience a negative impact on their lives. It takes longer for the former to acquire financial stability and reach the level of personal security that would allow them to care for the latter, once they are old. The current situ
This report clearly brings out several aspects of cultural diversity that should be considered within the Canadian society, as well as, other parts of the world. The report has highlighted various strategies and reform principles that can be adopted in order to ensure that the integration of cultural diversity the Canadian society and other parts of the world become successful. This article brings forth a critical analysis of the elements suggested in the reports in terms of implications in the Canadian society and the entire society. First, the decision to create a working network of all the arts managers around the world by ensuring establishment follow-up seminars will enhance culture diversity penetration into the society. It is quite evident that the major impediment towards the growth of cultural diversity amongst different communities around the world is the inability to gather managers of arts from the concerned countries in a bid to foster sharing of information concerning the new art techniques developed. As a result, the culture of adoption of art has been slow in different countries. Formation of a platform whereby all the managers of art industry around the world would meet will automatically create a favorable atmosphere for sharing of ideas and knowledge leading to a change in the manner in which culture is embraced and viewed by communities around the world. The expansion of technology in the current society will become handy in terms of enhancing such seminars for managers. The use of websites to announce and communicate the meeting dates would assist in enhan