ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays, the USA has one of the most widespread reputations as a country with public health problems. Typical Americans are usually associated with McDonald’s and other junk food restaurants. However, the important dilemma is whether this is a countrywide or city/state-focused tendency. To answer this question, it is crucial to examine public health policies and their influence on society’s health because they give an overall image of the state and city level to provide a more qualitative analysis. Main body To begin with, it is crucial to define the existence of public health issues in the US. First and foremost, the country’s citizens began eating junk food in 1960-1965 (Aronica, 2014). At that time, people knew little about the negative impacts on their life when eating fast food. However, at those times, the junk food market was experiencing few changes, and there were not many companies that dedicated their part of the revenue to research and development (R&D). Instead of using this strategy, people aimed to create a “family” recipe and use it the whole time. As a result, fast food was implemented naturally on a country’s level due to its simplicity and efficacy. Following this, while the fast-food eating tendency began in 1960-1965, the negative route to eating junk food by the whole population had been chosen because of the only company’s ambitions. Nowadays, the issue has a wide-spreading tendency due to the possibility of eating junk food at any place and anytime. The first organization that tried to provide the issue of inappropriate nutrition, small physical activity, and obesity, as a result, was McDonald’s. This company was the first who see the opportunities of the fast-food industry’s monopolization. The burger and Coca-Cola, for only 10 cents, immediately developed a wide economic moat, which gave the opportunity to provide R&D in order to lessen the “materials” usage and increase the margin. Consequently, the company succeeds in implementing a great number of chemicals in its food. This was the start of the declining tendency of healthy eating and the rise of cheap, delicious, and fast-to-cook food. From this perspective, typical Americans are influenced by the McDonald’s company strategy, which transmitted the local issue to the whole country. To solve the widespread tendency of bad nutrition, some institutions may regulate the company’s unfair behavior when speaking about healthcare issues. For instance, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provided a strong marketing campaign for healthy food in schools. Specifically,
Andrew Carnegie was seen as a powerful person who builds the most powerful corporation in history and he was among the richest people in the U.S. whereby he gave funds to establish schools and other institutions and thus this man worked a lot in ensuring that the country benefited from his riches. He was a person who followed the culture and was also politically active meaning that he was able to fight for his rights and those of others in the country and therefore most of his associates were politicians, self-educated tradesmen, and class activists. He also never went beyond their culture and therefore this culture helped him to be able to interact with people at all levels as at first, he proved to be poor because his family was impoverished. Although he was poor he managed to educate himself and ensured his children received education as the resources allowed. It is from this start point where he was able to work hard and the end became the most powerful man with many investments and other properties in the country. He was very much influenced by his uncle and followed the steps that were accorded him. All through his life he made consultations of what to do and followed them. He began as a businessman and continued with his career where he fulfilled some of his intentions and made more friends at that time both the politicians and the literals. These friends made further visits which helped him to improve both politically and also in business which was his career. After a lot of struggle in getting his education, he managed to become the pioneer of a steel company that was responsible for making items from the iron and steel integration and therefore he became the first man in the country to produce items from such metals and been an individual who owned the company. He did much in the production of railroad lines at fair prices and therefore he did sell them to the country. He also used raw materials by integrating them vertically something that was not done before by anyone and therefore he proved to help the country in making items that were not found. He was the manager of his steel company and therefore all the practices that were performed had to be consulted thus he made sure that nothing was done without him been involved and this provided the way for the government to get him to be overall in all the companies as the items produced were of the right quality and much was produced for sell. He was able to use the technique he had in ensuring that the product was according to the targeted group and therefore through his work the whole country benefited because he never discriminated against any of the people as in his stand he was culturally stable meaning the interaction in the community was not a problem to him. His management proved to be the best in terms of producing and selling the things that were produced in the company. Therefore his managerial work was seen to be the best as his industry never collapsed but instead, it stretched its sales to other countries where the country benefited from its sales even in his retirement the country was able to make inquiries in case they required to be ass
Introduction For many high school students, joining the college of choice and graduating with a degree is a dream that comes true. Parents also appear to have an influence on their children that college is the ultimate experience and a ticket to a quality life. In fact, both parents and students are led to believe that better grades in high school are the solution to a good college degree and a dream job. Paying for college education College students in the US have easy access to cheap loans from the federal government. This ensures that they do not have a problem paying for their higher education. Students are however required to start repaying the loans advanced to them once they graduate from colleges and find jobs. College graduates are currently facing a dilemma because, by the time they are graduating, they are already over-burdened with student loans. Denhart suggests that these loans should be subjected to income based on payback and fixed interest rates (3). These are the most feasible forms of loans for young college students. There are several factors that have contributed to the financial burden: the debt which is weighing heavily over these graduates and the high rate of unemployment that American fresh college graduates are facing. According to Vedder, Denhart, and Robe, the number of recent college graduates who end up in relatively low skilled jobs has increased considerably (2). Vedder et al. also state that about 8% of U.S college graduates hold jobs that they are overqualified for, as it does not warrant four years of college education (2). In addition, 37 percent of the U.S. College graduates hold positions that they could have easily landed with their high school diplomas only. Clearly, the pay from these jobs is low and for th
Drug Abuse and Research Teams Stereotypes Associated with Drug Abusers and Research Teams Drug addiction is an important public health concern, which necessitates the need to have extensive research on the issue to help millions of affected individuals. However, there is an assumption that people experiencing substance misuse issues are not part of the research team. This presumption hinges on the different stereotypes associated with drug addiction. For instance, one of the assumptions is that individuals with known substance abuse tendencies cannot function properly. This stereotype contributes to the exclusion of such people from being part of the research team. However, a study by Souleymanov et al. (2016) concluded that some drug addicts are successful people in different life aspects such as career and family. In most cases, individuals turn to drug use and abuse as a coping mechanism of dealing with personal or societal pressures. Therefore, the problem of excluding drug addicts from being part of the research team should be addressed conclusively. Ways of Addressing the Issue One of the ways to solve this problem is by accepting that people with substance abuse issues can function normally. Consequently, these individuals will be viewed as part of the research team, and their contribution will play an important role in addressing study objectives. Secondly, people with substance misuse problems have lived experiences of drug abuse. As such, they provide a rich source of primary data that may not be available elsewhere. Therefore, these individuals should be seen as part of the research team by acknowledging the role that they play in data collection. Finally, this problem can be addressed by redefining the term “research team members” and their roles. Consequently, people with substance misuse issues will become part of the research team because they are the subjects of the study. Drug Abuse among Teenagers and Adult African Americans Main Addiction within these Groups The main substance abused among teenagers is marijuana. In 2017, the use of marijuana increased with 1 out of every 16 high school seniors using the drug daily (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2017). On the other hand, alcohol and marijuana are the drugs of choice among adult African Americans. The use of these drugs remained steady in 2017, and 75 percent of African Americans seeking addiction-related treatment abused one of these substances (Guarnotta, 2018). Unique Sociocultural Challenges One unique social challenge with substance abuse among teenagers is that they want to experiment with different drugs. Additionally, this social group is highly vulnerable to peer pressure, which contributes significantly to drug abuse. In the African American community, the main cultural challenge is that these individuals resort to drug a
Introduction 3D printing is a unique form of modern day printing, originating from traditional ways of prototyping. It is a form of manufacturing technology with an additive element whereby a 3D object is generated by the process of multiple laying-down of material layers. It has impacted greatly modern business transactions. This paper outlines the technology used for a Form 1 3D printer (Kickstarter par. 4), as well as the impact this technology has had on business over the past ten years, the future of technology and business, the impact technology may have on business transactions in the next ten years. The paper also assesses knowledge, skills, and abilities one may need to be a successful manager in the future. Technology The technology used This printer employs Stereo Lithography (SL), the technology in which a laser sucks in a liquid plastic resin onto its surface; it is then hardened by exposing it to specified light frequencies/wavelengths. One layer is sucked in and hardened by the laser; then another follows suit up to the last layer that completes the model. The printer requires connection to a computer that contains the blueprints of the object of interest. The Impacts of technology on business in the past decade The production process was slow as it involved traditional methods of handcrafting. The quality of business products was poor due to lack of high resolution by previous 3D printers. The cost of production was higher as machines like CNC Mills were used for crafting employed X-ray technology, which was expensive. Since only a few countries could afford, crafting machines, such as the CNC Mill, a physical shipment of goods to consumers in remote areas was necessary. The future of 3D printing technology and business In future 3D printing, technology may be used to set up buildings since teams at Loughborough University are researching 3D concrete printing (T.T, S.A and S. 2012). Bio-printing, a technology of creating replacements for human beings, may become an area of investment for businesses. Most businesses may acquire a 3D printer as its cost is foreseen to fall significantly; goods will be customer customized as this will only involve keying instructions in the software and direct printing. Impact of technology on future business transactions The 3D printer that uses the technology of Stereo Lithography will reduce business expenditure as it is fast and reduces cost by automating the design process, printing and binding separate parts of a model (Bomfunkman par. 4). Business transactions will be quick since 3D printing is a fast process. There will be reduced a buyer-seller interaction as most homes may acquire the device. Businesses will stock blueprints of products rather than the tangible product itself. Products
Diabetes is a disease that affects a person’s sugar levels, keeping it higher or lower than usual. Type 1 Diabetes does so by attacking the insulin production of an organism (Diabetes Type 1, 2016). Insulin is a hormone that enables the cells of the body to absorb the sugar. Unlike other types of diabetes, Type 1 is the most understudied. It is relatively rare, too – only two to five percent of the afflicted population is diagnosed with this kind of disease (Maahs, West, Lawrence, & Mayer-Davis, 2011). The scientists do not know the exact reason why it is happening, but popular theories suggest that a predisposition towards it tends to be hereditary. It means that genetics are largely involved. This paper is dedicated to researching the subject of Type 1 Diabetes, as it is important to raise awareness of such a disease in order to help mitigate their effects on the afflicted populace. Right now, due to the relative rarity of the disease, the populace is largely uninformed about this kind of illness. Although Type 1 Diabetes can appear at any age, it seems to afflict young people more often. Groups under 20 years of age are most commonly at risk (Diabetes Type 1, 2016). It is the reason Type 1 is known as juvenile diabetes, and it can affect the life of a growing child quite a bit and in many ways. The importance of knowledge about the disease cannot be understated – while currently, there is no way to prevent the disease from happening; it is required to know how to mitigate the effects. The target audience would be the children and young adults, who are more likely to be affected. Parents must also be made aware of the conditions, symptoms, and ways of dealing with them. After all, they are the ones who are going to be administering the treatment to their children and make sure it is followed. Being diagnosed with Type 1 would affect a person’s lifestyle in both physical and psychological ways. It reduces stamina, causes eye blur, induces limb numbness and stomach aches, weight loss, urination, headaches, and all sorts of other symptoms that could cause a lot of problems to a young organism (Type 1 Diabetes, 2015). If not properly manag
Japan has always been a bit mysterious country, with its unique traditions and customs that you will see nowhere else in the world. Samurai, kamikaze, geisha, hara-kiri – when one hears these words, what idea will come to one’s mind first? The cult of cuteness is not that ancient phenomenon as samurai or kamikaze. Yet, since the 1980s and till the present days, it is directly associated with Japan and the Japanese culture. What is more, the cult of cuteness at some point stopped to be a typical Japanese phenomenon, crossed the borders of the country, and started its journey all over the world. How did the cult start, become so popular, and reach the United States? I will try to answer these questions in my essay. When and how did Kawaii style begin? Kawaii style or cute style emerged and became dominated in Japan in the 1980s. It can be characterized as childish, simple, innocent, weak social behavior and appearance (Kinsella 220). Manifestations of cute style could be seen not only in the way people dressed or what accessories they used. It became a kind of epidemic, which penetrated in almost all spheres of life. Cuteness “conquered” the Japanese handwriting style, cute goods, clothes, and even food became prevalent. Cute pop idols and singers like Matsuda Seiko meant the same as Sid Vicious to punks (Kinsella 235). Even such fields as advertising and marketing did not escape cute style. By the way, in the Japanese marketing cuteness is still used very successfully, and you can see numerous ads and commercials that sell goods and services in a “cute way” (Riessland 130). Why is cute style so popular? The secret of cute style popularity is rather easy to explain. One of the main reasons is its close relation to childhood. In the interview, three high school Japanese girls were asked what they associate kawaii with. The answers were – sweetness, dependence, and gentleness (Allison 40). Indeed, is not it great to feel like a child a little all the time, feel this comfort, and warmth? If you think that only ladies might think this way, you are not right. Both males and females are obsessed with cute style. However, I should say that with time cuteness in Japan has undergone some changes. First, among people, attitudes to cute style changed. In the 1990s, there were anti-cute elements who either were intellectuals or simply considered cuties to be stupid and weak (Kinsella 246). How did cute style reach the United States? Everything started with Pokemon that once penetrated on the American market, was incredibly successful, and till the present days means more for some American children than Mickey Mouse. It seems that kids are attracted to Pokemon and other Japanese toys not only because of their big eyes, small noses, bright colors, and small bodies. They have some special relations with these characters (Allison 43). Japanese cute toys have almost nothing to do with real life, unlike many American toys and fairy tale characters. What does it all mean for Japan? It is obvious that Japan benefits from kawaii style not only from the economic point of view sel
Introduction There can be no doubt as to the fact that in his article “Rational Monotheism”, Edip Yüksel comes up with a variety of logically substantiated arguments that are meant to undermine the conceptual soundness of just about any religious belief, based on irrational faith. Therefore, I can only agree with the author when he says: “Another way to differentiate “belief” or “faith” from “knowledge” is to check whether the subject of faith or knowledge is examinable by others. A belief that is not subject to verification or falsification is personal and the holder of such a belief has no reasonable grounds to invite others to share his or her belief” (Yüksel). Nevertheless, it could not escape my attention that, despite the article’s overall intellectual validity, it still contains many logical fallacies, which point out to the fact that, during working on “Rational Monotheism”, Yüksel was never able to free himself from “perceptional theism”, even while criticizing the deepest metaphysical tenets of a religious worldview. For example, throughout his article, Yüksel makes numerous references to the notion of “rational belief”, without understanding that the concepts of “belief” and “rationale” can be hardly combined, due to their diametrically opposite semantic essence: “While on one hand, I cannot provide a rational explanation for freedom of will, I believe in the existence of freedom of will based on my rational belief in God and His proven word” (Yüksel). Once we gain an ontological knowledge of a natural phenomenon, which provides us with dialectical insight into such phenomenon’s nature, we no longer need to assess this phenomenon’s different emanations through the lenses of irrational belief. Therefore, the fact that people do not possess complete information as to God’s possible existence or non-existence does not necessarily mean that they have a good enough reason to indulge in agnosticism. The view on religion We can argue long and hard about the probable essence of divinity, but there are absolutely no good reasons for us to associate the concept of divinity with the concept of religion, even when this religion appears as being “rational” on the outside. And the reason for this is simple – nowadays, the continuous existence of just about any religion is nothing but “evolutional anachronism”. Charles Darwin had proven long ago that a religious worldview is not “existentially innate” within human beings. The members of primitive tribes that had failed to evolve beyond the Stone Age are not religious. Alternatively, the overwhelming majority of representatives of a race that, up until recently, remained on the cutting edge of biological evolution, are not religious either, even though that they might still be attending Church, once a week, to ritualize their otherwise mechanistic existence. What does it indicate? It indicat
Theology is now present as a separate faculty in many educational institutions and is also taught as a distinct discipline in related specialties and courses. This discipline can be identified as the study of nature and all that surrounds people from Divine point of view. The elevation of this teaching to the rank of sciences will allow modern confessors and their followers to more accurately interpret religion, to understand its essence, origin, and purpose. Theology allows Christians to realize the diversity of worldview approaches that shape the universal space. In addition, the study of the tradition of the Church today is fundamentally essential since there is a prominent cultural and historical significance of the Christian Church. Therefore, Christians and ministers need to be informed or studied in scripture, philosophy, history, etc. The most important task of theology is the formation of cultural and religious consciousness among the population 1 . In addition, theology today can serve as a tool for spreading and reforming, and justifying religious tradition 2 . The main goal of theology is to bring a person to a living communion with God. According to McLaughlin, limiting the spiritual life to the realm of the senses alone does not give a Christian the opportunity to build his life as a reasonable service to God 3 . Such a Christian is not able to fully fulfill the commandment of love for God. In addition, Orthodoxy is alien to the opposition of faith and reason, which are inextricably linked and presuppose each other 4 . There can be no faith without mind, and it is for this reason, a Christian must be theologically informed. Knowledge of the origins of the Church and its traditions allows people to understand its entire organizational structure better and understand the prerequisites and consequences of specific religious processes. This is not just a philosophical discipline; theology has practical applications today and allows Christians to solve modern problems and study possible ways of interpreting and understanding the world.