ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Africans in the Heart of Darkness It is an embedded story of an adventurous Englishman who undertakes a journey into the primitive Cogan jungle to rescue a strangely successful Ivory merchant, Kurtz, from the dangers posed by the unknown African people, the greed of his Belgian colleagues, and his base instincts. Through the narrator, Charlie Marlow, Conrad challenges the rapacious Belgian imperialists, specifically King Leopold II’s company, who according to Conrad are destroying the Congo and its inhabitants in their desperate materialism and quest for ivory. Within the novel, Conrad presents the Belgium Company as destructive, greedy, and inept, and an ultimately immoral force. In addition, he criticizes the leech-like nature of the Company employees who are essentially passive and do not contribute to the company. In the novel, however, it is possible to see, when reading through a Post-colonial lens, that Conrad presents the Africans as animalistic and inhuman as a means of garnering reader sympathy for their decay as a result of imperialism. Furthermore, the text-only exists within a masculine point of view; therefore the representation of the feminine is distorted. By assuming a feminist reading, it is apparent that women within the novel are presented as an inferior gender and are always defined in terms of their male counterparts. Each of the different reading practices produces its unique interpretations of the text, allowing different ideas to be extracted from the novel. While adhering to the dominant reading of “Heart of Darkness”, the novel can be read as a criticism of the treatment of the natives by the Belgians. Through the narrator Marlow, Conrad reveals the plight of the Africans and their suffering due to the Belgian occupation of the Congo. Marlow remarks, “They were not enemies, they were not criminals”, highlighting the unjust way in which the Belgians enslaved the natives, e
In an effort to explain sociology based on how relevant it is in daily life, many sociologists today find the term sociological imagination coined by C. Wright Mills inevitable in their discussions. Through his work under a similar name, Wright Mills stands out as the most appealing sociological theorist to me. Therefore, as pointed out by Mills, sociological imagination gives me a deep insight of the nature of sociology. It goes further to shed light on how it directly connects with the lives of individuals in the contemporary society. However, one might want to know what sociological imagination entails. Sociological imagination through Mills’ own words is the capacity to shift from one perspective to another. In other words, it is “the capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote transformations to the intimate features of the human self, and to see the relations between the two of them” (Mills, 1959, p. 3). The ability to connect between the two, according to Mills, is the driving force behind sociological imagination. The key to this theory is the reality of the existence of public issues, as well as private troubles. Public issues originate from the society. They go down to individuals who take them as being a result of their personal failures rather than seeing them for what they ought to be. On the other hand, private troubles arise because of a personal character. For instance, in a society where jobs are hard to get, circumstances may force a person to accept that he is not working simply because he is lazy. This, however, may turn out to be a public issue when many people cannot find anywhere to work, hence forced to stay idle. Wright Mills, through sociological imagination theory, gives an emphasis that sociology mostly focuses on the manner in which social institutions and forces shape the individual behaviors of people in the society. It shows how the affected people respond to the influence. By being able to see the bigger picture, and derive connections between public issues and private troubles, a person is more enlightened and aware of the happenings in his society. According to Brewer (2005, p.134), people will always be interested if their personal problems can be addressed merely by solving other external factors. It is pertinent to note that, when addressing issues in the society, it is indispensable to do so with the inspiration from Mills’ sociological imagination to see the issue in totality. By so
A rapid development of technology contributes to the advancement of the production of textiles (Frumkin and Weiss 72). In this instance, the fabrics such as bionic yarn and Google jacquard are the future of the clothing industry and can be easily combined with 3D printing and wearable technology. One of the cultural shifts, which contributes to the popularity of technical and performance fabrics, is the environmental aspect. It remains evident that these materials can be recycled and do not damage the environment (Perella par. 4). In turn, ergonomics is another trend, as people are constantly looking for the improvement of their living conditions from financial and social perspectives. In this instance, the design, which repeats the shape of the body, is highly appreciated (Soares and Rebelo 308). In the end, the active usage of technology and performance fabrics complies with the primary cultural shifts such as increased environmental awareness and positive change in demands for ergonomics. Nonetheless, the customer’s desire for innovation will contribute to the necessity of the designers and manufacturers to develop new forms of fabric to satisfy their needs (Sedhi par. 1). In this instance, the customer will want to engage with highly customizable and innovative clothes designs. It remains evident that introduction of the various technologies such as making ‘sounds clothes’ and measurable clothes have to be introduced to the mass market due to the increasing demands for innovation. Additionally, 3D printing technology will rapidly gain the dominating positions on the market due to the ease of implementation. As for the potential novelties, the clothes that adjust to the environmental settings or the accessories of the customer might be one of them as the desire and passion for ergonomics and development do not define the boundaries of the possible features of the product. As for the ability of the artificial fiber to replace the natural fabric, it is evident that it is possible. However, people, who prefer the natural materials, will tend to exist due to the inability of the synthetically modified fiber to repeat the characteristics of the original one. Nonetheless, there are several reasons, which will cultivate the necessity of usage of new fiber. One of them is the shortage of natural and biological resources, as they are required for the production (Peacock 200). Another aspect is the increased awareness of the environmental issues and necessity to reduce the effect on the environment during the manufacturing. In this instance, the production of the natural fabric will have a tendency to exist. However, the prices will be increased due to the lack of demand and high production costs. In the end, the innovative fabrics will dominate the textile market as they corre
Introduction A human being is the creature that is endowed with mind and conscience, what is more, a man is the creature that can develop in the course of his life. This is called the capability of progress, and this is our greatest advantage in the whole natural world. Education is the means that provides intellectual development of a human being. In its turn, higher education is the means of creation of a developed personality and an efficient and qualifies professional in a certain field. Thus, the ultimate aim of every college student is the intellectual development of his/her personality. This aim may be supplemented with some other aims, such as to gain firm financial standing in life, but suchlike aims are secondary, based on the primary aim of personal development. Since development is a gradual and time taking process, it should be analyzed and supported by theoretical basis, it concerns student development as well. This factor provoked the creation and introduction of student development theory in 1979s (Komives and Woodard, 2003, p. 168). The same authors claim that the analyzed theory provides common language for student affairs professionals as well as for faculty (Komives and Woodard, 2003, p. 168). Thus, the main aim of the present work is to analyze the role of student development theory in undergraduate college life. Main Body The application of the PTP model In the first place it is necessary to refer to the PTP model as it may be used as the means of providing a structurally developed approach of the usage of student developmental theory. It may be used to get a sufficient insight and to construct certain guidelines for activity. Chapter Five of “Student Development in College: Theory, Research, and Practice” offers a situation, in which the instructor makes use of the PTP model to provide intensification and improvement of the undergraduate counseling course. The main features that are introduced by the instructor are the usage and emphasis of case examples in the educational process and the second focus of the instructor is special attention to two spheres: individual differences and consideration of commonalities with others. Considering the first aspect of the approach chosen by the instructor, it is possible to state that complexity of the material he makes use of is a good field for reflection since it is rather controversial. First of all, it is “a Pandora’s box” as stated by Evans et al. (1998, p. 269). The usage of the metaphoric allusion presents the risk that the introduction of new approach implies. However, student
The confrontation between nature and science has always been the main cornerstone for humanity as soon as people start gaining knowledge in various fields. Throughout the history, people have been struggling with natural powers to prove their superiority over it. However, their confidence in the possibility to conquer the nature did not help them much when they encounter Galveston hurricane. Indeed, Isaac Cline was an honorable meteorological community; he had strong confidence in scientific knowledge that allowed him to predict storms by cloud motions and behavior. Therefore, the idea that a hurricane could destroy the entire city of Galveston was not even considered. Nevertheless, in 1900, the American society felt stronger than it did before and, therefore, nothing in nature could prevent the prosperous development of Galveston. However, blind confidence had become the reason for the most horrible disaster in the American history. At the threshold of the 20 th century, the city of Galveston was considered a prosperous city with the population of about 37.000 residents. Due to its beneficial geographic location, Galveston had also become the biggest commercial city in Texas, which made the citizens become more proud of it. The rapid development of trade relations had also contributed to technological advancement and, therefore, Galveston community believed that their progressive technologies could overcome the natural forces. In the book, Larson introduces his own research findings by stating, “…if things continued as there were Galveston soon would achieve the stature of New Orleans, Baltimore, or San Francisco” (12). Hence, all scientists, businesspeople, and investors were more concerned with commercial and economic growth of the city rather than with meteorological situation. Gaining a reputation of a future cosmopolitan, people were, indeed, proud of the achievements and potential of the community development. Galveston citizens had been reassured that no hurricane could destroy Galveston because of accurate temperature and meteorologist forecast. In the book, Larson refers to the characters as well-educated, confident citizens, who strongly believed that technological progress and scientific knowledge were reliable protection mechanisms. In particular, the author writes, “Isaac was aware of himself and how he moved through the day, and saw himself as something bigger than a mere recorder of rainfall and temperature” (Larson 4). The scientist was able to explain even the strangest phenomena that ever happened. In addition, Isaac had a clear view of the Gulf to make possible calculations and predictions concerning any threats to the city. He also knew about the peculiarities of the climatic conditions. However, the author emphasized this fact to prove the possibility of eliminating the tragedy if Mr. Cline admitted the probability of hurricane approaching the Gulf. Cline’s extreme confidence i
The urban Emergency Medical Services (uEMS) is a service sector that reacts to common medical emergencies and is placed at the disposal of a single facility. Thus, natural disaster relief and particular emergencies are out of coverage within the organization. Moreover, the notion of urban does not only mean the sector that provides customary medical care. Urban areas are also under the patronage of this organization as an ambulance. An urban area, within the study, is a metropolitan area, a city or a district where many people, visitors, and passengers live, and where high demand roads are located. Such areas imply the development of the city and define it as an urban area where permanent changes are taking place. The development trend stimulates transformation in short periods of hours or days. Thus, the population, visitors, and people who travel a certain distance to work on a regular basis are not a uniform flow across the city territory or throughout the entire time spectrum despite cyclical nature. According to the temporal variables, the conditions of motion change under the action of the proposed cyclic scheme. Dealing with the subject of working-out and making decisions, stakeholders in the uEMS use a strategic approach in planning the transportation system. Maneuvering ensures decision-making, the consequences of which are expressed in the long term perspective, for instance, a storage facility for large-sized EMS objects. The purpose of this paper is to study the factors that mainly affect the uEMS transport system decisions and are associated with demography assuming an increasing demand for medical calls at a strategic level. The central aspect of the study is given to the plan of the transport system when it deals with the placement of objects and their distribution of objects during response time. The following paragraph describes the general emergency response plan. The main aspect will be centered on the fact that the service consists of various types of emergencies and relevant institutions that ensure their elimination. The next stage we focus on is the Emergency Medical Service. Within the system, it responds to a call for assistance from the appealing moment to the national/international emergency number and until the service sends the vehicle. The Emergency Services System Any human all over the world can appeal to the emergency service (ES) using a particular phone number. For example, in Saudi Arabia, this is 993, which is part of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GMS) standard. All GSM-enabled telephones are available for calling the number, even in case the ph
The study of a face and all its expressions is an important concept in linguistic studies. A facial linguistic study focuses on the ways in which we interpret others faces to acknowledge their needs. Depending on a situation an individual is going through, their facial expressions will always be different. If an individual is in a meeting, he puts on a serious face to match the importance of the situation. If the same individual is out having fun with friends, his facial expressions also change to suit the situation. These facial expressions can also change during an interaction, for example if the individual is out with friends but receives an urgent call in regards to a work project that is not going well, his expression changes to suit the new development. This essay seeks to use Goffman’s notion of face work to analyze data collected earlier through observation. The data for the exercise was collected at a local museum. My group and I divided ourselves into two sub-groups of two each and set up in different areas of the museum. We spent a total of one-hour observing tourists movements, their interactions among themselves and with their guide. We also joined the tourist groups and interacted with them asking questions such as where they were from if they are enjoying the city and what they find enjoyable in the city so far. Data was also collected from observing different guides, how they interacted with their groups, how they explained the material, how they engaged with the tourists, what pace they moved at and how they gauged the tourists understanding of the material. The below is an analysis of the exercise using Goffman’s terms. The tourist guide had a variety of expressions on his face. He smiled when he wanted to lighten up the mood and move the group along. He was serious when he was mentioned historical accounts and facts. Not once did the guide have an air of uncertainty because he knew his material well and was confident about it. He held a guide book in his hand but never opened it to confirm anything he was saying. The tourists listened to the guide asking questions whenever something was not clear. They were visibly engaged and interested in the guide’s explanation. When the guide was talking the tourists did not chat with each other but rather they all paid attention to the guide. According to Goffman, a line should present a view of the actor as well as deal with how others in the group view the actor. In this case, the guide chose a line and took a stand. Noting the nature of the interaction, the tourist’
I hail from an underdeveloped country. So, there are not many openings (profession wise) for educated and ambitious people. As such, after completing my studies, I applied for jobs in various countries and was lucky enough to get a job in an American company. But I had to live and work in the United States and as such I was a little hesitant due to the difference in our cultures. But since I was badly in need of a good job, I could not afford to lose the opportunity. It was after settling down in America when I realized that all my fears about difference in cultures and ethnicity were baseless. Actually today, youngsters all over America are promoted and persuaded to work as a team with all people, not considering the ethnicity, caste & creed, culture, gender, financial & social status, and even individual attitude. It has been observed that normally, people form opinion about a person or a thing according to their own experiences. These experiences may be good or bad, correct or incorrect. But I was surprised to note that in America, the current situation was not at all similar to this. People, especially Americans were very polite and had no feelings of indifference or hatred. They had the patience to put aside their own feelings and/or beliefs and listen to what others had to say and respect their opinions. Viewing such harmonious behavior reminded me of R. D. Butcher who has talked a lot about assimilation and pluralism. I could relate my personal experiences to the writings of Butcher. Various figures of speech (metaphors) have been used to depict the assimilation and pluralism prevalent in America. Some examples of such metaphors are; melting point, salad bowl, rainbow, quilt, and kaleidoscope (Butcher, 2004). In the following paragraphs, I shall explain my experience in relation to each metaphor. What happens in a melting pot? Different ingredients are mixed together and heated until the mixture boils. By the time the mixture boils, all the ingredients have assimilated to form a single compound. Similarly, I could visualize how people from different ethnicities, cultures, countries, ages, and religions mixed with each other to form a uniform society. A society that could not be separated due to the strong bond created between the people (ingredients). In fact there was a play titled ‘melting point’ which portrayed America as a country where groups of different cultures disbanded to form a single hoard (Schaefer, 2005). What does a salad bowl consist of? Different kinds of vegetables and fruits constitute to form a uniform purpose. But each ingredient has its own identity. I have noted that in America, people from different parts of the world contribute towards a better society in their own manner while maintaining their cultures and beliefs. No one is required to compromise on their ethnicity, caste and creed. Just like a rainbow that has its identity by different colors put together, American society of today cannot be called a society if all the people from all over the world ar
“It may be unfair, but what happens in a few days, sometimes even a single day, can change the course of a whole lifetime…” (Hosseini p. 142). Both films and books are created to produce a certain impression and bring some particular message to the reader or viewer. We will overview the film ‘Far and Away’ and the book ‘The Kite Runner’ to analyze the symbolic features in both. The film ‘Far and Away’ produced and directed by Ron Howard tells the story of a young Irish man named Joseph who has great dreams and a strong intention to bring them to life. His house burnt down, and on the deathbed his father asks Joseph to fulfill his dream and become the owner of some land. He says: ‘Without land, a man is nothing. Land is a very man’s soul.’ (Far and Away). Joseph wants to take the revenge over Daniel Christie, the landlord who have burnt his house. When Joseph comes to Christie’s house he falls in love with Shannon, the landlord’s daughter who persuades him to flee to America with her. On their way to America, they meet a stranger who tells them that anyone can win a land at the Land Race in Oklahoma. In America, they encounter great difficulties. Joseph makes money participating in barehanded boxing matches, Shannon works at a plant and later she becomes a dancer in a local club. Once Joseph loses a big match, they are thrown away from the club without any money. Joseph and Shannon are desperate and helpless. When Shannon is wounded Joseph brings her to her family who had also lost their house in Ireland and moved to the USA searching for their daughter. Joseph starts working at the railroad building but once in his dream he sees his father who reminds Joseph about his main purpose in this country that is winning a land. Some time passed and Joseph meets Shannon again at the Land Run of 1893 in Oklahoma where she participates with her family. During the race, Stephen starts a fight with Joseph, who falls on the ground and hurts his head. Shannon is desperate thinking that Joseph was dead and tells Joseph that she loves him. These words revive him and they together plant the flag into the ground. ‘The Kite Runner’ was the first novel by Afghan writer published in English. The novel brought the worldwide fame to Khaled Hosseini. It seems to be a quite different story in which the author narrates about the life of an Afghan boy Amir who once does not help his best friend Hassan. Due to his cowardice, he runs away leaving Hassan in a fight with an older boy and this occasion changes his life. ‘Amir’s story is simultaneously devastating and inspiring’ (Hill par. 6). He dreams to become a writer but his father does not support his idea. Rahim Khan, his father’s friend is the only person who understands his ambitions. Sometimes the protagonist feels that Khan loves him more than his own father does. The events of the winter 1975 force Amir to move to America where he starts a new life and finally becomes a famous novelist. One day his father’s friend Rahim Khan calls him and asks to come back to his motherland. Amir walks in the park where he sees children playing with kites and recalls his childhood when he played with his dear friend Hassan