ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the XXI century, when performing regional socio-geographical studies, the role of GIS software products has significantly increased. This software ensures the relative autonomy of the geoinformation systems and users of these systems by delivering the possibility of using software products for local and global cluster solutions. Several teams of research institutes, firms, individual scientists, specialists in the field of computer technologies are engaged in the development of GIS software products. The current business environment relies on advanced analytical systems, which can provide data analysis from multiple sources, including geosocial parameters. The most well-known and popular GIS software include ESRI (Environmental Science Research Institute) with Arclnfo, AzcView, and MapObjects software, which are especially useful in addressing issues of social geography, including different levels of accuracy. (Alhenaki, 2016). ESRI software products are developed in the following development classes:  1. GISs that allow businesses to create mapping databases by plotting objects’ locations on an electronic map. Information about these objects is contained in database information, spreadsheets, and tabular form. The software in this series is Business MAP or Business MAP PRO.  2. Desktop mapping systems that have broader mapping capabilities for data analysis and geo-analysis. The software in this series includes Atlas GIS, ArcView GIS.  3. Full-featured GIS which is used when needed a complete set of automation and data conversion tools, modeling or performing specific tasks, obtaining the highest quality mapping materials. This series includes ARC/INFO software, an open professional GIS that is complemented by ArcFM to provide complete solutions for the service industry, and Mapiex to help map annotation and create new symbols for maps.  4. GIS-servers which are designed to manage GIS data for the integration of different developments, interactions with centralized data warehousing, use of large transactions, support for spatial data types and combine multimedia information, access by many users, distributed data delivery, and huge volumes of rendered information. Walmart and GIS Solutions Walmart utilizes all GIS software when planning the development of centers of commercial management, for optimal control and coherency of vital divisions, traffic flow
Universal changes in the healthcare system and new technologies allow medical institutions to deliver quality healthcare services for a wide target audience. Thus, many employees do not receive adequate universal healthcare because laws and regulations freed an employer from this duty. If the company under analysis, CARREFOUR, applies the principles of universal healthcare to all employees, it would benefit both the organization and people, the local community, and medical health in general. With hospital care becoming more critical to modern medical practice and with hospital costs rising as a consequence of new and improved technology and more highly skilled personnel, the costs of hospitalization became an increasing burden for patients who paid out of pocket for their care ( Carrefour Home Page 2008). Background CARREFOUR is a leading international hypermarket chain. Carrefour, a French hypermarket chain, has capitalized on these recent changes and is now the largest company in the industry. Carrefour is the largest hypermarket group in France. The Carrefour group has been growing at a phenomenal rate in France through acquisitions and is growing in other countries as well. Before Carrefour’s two 1991 acquisitions, it operated 75 stores in France and 123 worldwide. It currently employs 461,260 (2007) employees worldwide ( Carrefour Home Page 2008). Under the combined stimuli of expanding research and development, the growing physician supply, the enlargement and upgrading of the nation’s hospital plant, and the growing source of new funding from private health insurance, many modern companies like CARREFOUR underwent a substantial reorientation. Problem CARREFOU
Traditionally, a Korean woman duties and responsibilities were supposed to be based on the household compound. When they were young in their teenage, they were taught behaviours of inferiority, and how to be patience, as a way of preparing them for the future women roles (Pok 102). Women were not supposed to participate in various activities like how their men were doing. Their main duty was to serve as a wife and a mother to the children. During the late 19 th century, the country became civilised due to interactions with the outside world, and several situations started taking a new direction. During this period, several changes were realised in the country that resulted to a different perception of women’s roles. There was an introduction of modern schools that were not there in the old Korea. Western Christian missionaries assisted a great deal to come up with these schools, some of which were purposely meant to boost the status of women. Education was a major initiative in changing the role of women in Korea. Were it not for education, women would remain in oppression status for a long time (Hyun 95). The chance of enrolling in schools, women acquired much knowledge that opened important doors for them as far as activities were concerned. Women learnt important skills like arts, teaching, and even some faith doctrines. The lucky women who got chances of enrolling in schools demonstrated a very social attribute by enlightening their fellow women. Through this, women encouraged one another and the knowledge and skills were easily passed among women. During the time when there was independence movement in Korea meant for facilitating some actions against Japanese occupation women were never left behind. Women took this opportunity to prove their capability and as vigorous as men, full of determinations and even more courageous than they were expected. During this period, women participated in various actions that they were never thought they are capable. They achieved higher expectations than even their men, and people especially the leaders started viewing them as able human beings. The best recognition of women came min the year 1948 when the Korea attained independence. This brought an opening for women through the new constitution that Korea came up with. The constitution had rights for women to pursue education just like any other person, and not be seen as a lesser human being. Women were also supposed to enjoy rights of work in any place at any level as long as they were qualified. The constitution also allowed women to interact with public life just like any other person and participate accordingly without any form of discrimination. When women got this chance, they made marvellous contri
One of the most significant components of human life is digestion, because namely during this process, the necessary proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and other useful ingredients enter the body. That is why the proper functioning of the human digestive system serves as the basis for full-fledged life support during the main processes in the digestive tract. Moreover, the digestive system is also responsible for the water-electrolytic balance, regulating the rate of fluid intake from food. The functions of the gastrointestinal tract can be summarized as follows (Hoffman 9-14):  1. Motor function. Due to the middle (muscle) membrane of the digestive tract, muscle contraction-relaxation, food taking is carried out, following chewing, swallowing, mixing, and moving food along the digestive canal.  2. Secretory function is carried out due to the digestive juices, that are produced by the glandular cells located in the mucous membrane (inner) of the canal. These secrets contain enzymes (reaction accelerators) that carry out the chemical processing of food (hydrolysis of food substances).  3. Excretory function provides the secretion of metabolic products by the digestive glands in the gastrointestinal tract.  4. Absorption function ‑ the process of assimilation of nutrients through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood and lymph. The gastrointestinal tract is a convoluted tube that begins with the mouth and ends with the anus. The digestive system includes the following: the oral cavity with organs located in it and the adjacent large salivary glands; pharynx; esophagus; stomach; small and large intestine; liver; pancreas (Rogers 15). The oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus located in the area of the human head, neck, and chest cavity have a relatively straight direction. In the oral cavity, food enters the throat, where there is a cross of digestive and respiratory tracts. Then the esophagus comes, through which food mixed with saliva enters the stomach. In the oral cavity, the primary processing of food occurs, which consists of its mechanical grinding with the help of the tongue and teeth and turning into a food lump. The salivary glands secrete saliva, the enzymes of which start the breakdown of carbohydrates in food (Smith and Morton 29). Then, through the throat and esophagus, food enters the stomach, where it is digested under the influence of gastric juice. The stomach is a thick-walled muscle sac located under the diaphragm in the left half of the abdominal cavity. By reducing the walls of the stomach, its contents are mixed. Many glands concentrated in the mucous wall of the stomach secrete gastric juice containing enzymes and hydrochloric acid. After this, partially digested food enters the anterior part of the small intestine ‑ the duodenum. The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In the duodenum, food is exposed to the action of pancreatic juice, bile, and also the juice of the glands located in its wall. In the jejunum and ileum, the final digestion of food and absorption of nutrients into the blood occurs. Undigested residues enter the colon. Here the
Introduction I am a clinical specialist with know-how on hospital imaging equipment like CT and MRI scanners. I have worked for this company for the last four years within which my area of specialty has been the virtual environment with team members who live within the United States. However, my team members have since been re-deployed. It is my sole responsibility to train the doctors, nurses, and technicians on how the equipment aforementioned is supposed to be used once my sales associates have sold the devices to them. Because the team members I was previously working with have been re-assigned, I will be working with you guys: Sally, medical device sales associate, Juan, physician research director, Alik, equipment installment supervisor, and Vivian, corporate office secretary as part of my new team. We are supposed to have a teleconference later in the week on how we should hit the ground running. That is the main reason for my writing this E-mail to you guys. Goals for the group Because of the reshuffle, I am the only individual who has experience with the demands of this region. I had expected that before the teleconference coming later in the week, you figure out which area you can best fit in so that it becomes clear who is capable of doing what. It is pertinent that we move quickly and start producing so that we meet our targets. Self-managed team Self-managed team members should share an organization’s vision of better product and service delivery. Members of a team have to be committed to the vision by mastering its aspects. This should be an ongoing process. Members should come up with contemplated mental models that are very pivotal in an organization’s learning process. Team members must show a lot of commitment to the system’s approach. Members of the self-managed teams should be responsive to changes and open to emerging challenges. Nevertheless, the team is expected to be aware of complex and myriad alternatives that come to their ways. As a self-managed team, we should have a positive belief in our potentials as we a
Specifications Both Module 1 and Module 2 comprising the user-side application are essentially implementations of a Text-To-Speech (TTS) engine. Module 1’s purpose is reading the text inputted by the user; Module 2 reads any text on the user’s screen. Both work with English text and voice and output computer-generated voice through the user’s preferred audio device. Module 1 does not need permanent storage for the text or audio it processes. Module 2 reads the text displayed by other applications, and its generated audio output can be cached locally to reduce processing overhead over repeated requests. Both modules use permanent storage for the user’s preferences, such as the reading speed and tone. These settings can optionally be backed up in cloud storage tied to the user’s account so that he or she can apply them across multiple devices. The software should also feature an automatic update system with repair functionality in case its files become corrupted.                  Module 1                                                                                        Module 2                                                                                    Input            English text provided by user via standard input methods                                        English text provided by the platform                                                       Output           English voice produced by the user’s audio device                                              Storage          Per-user preferences stored permanently                                                         Generated audio data cached for short-term storage; per-user preferences stored permanently Processing       TTS engine                                                                                     Backup/Recovery  Optional cloud backup for preferences; automatic server-based update with repair functionality  Data Design Although Modules 1 and 2 can be used as parts of a standalone application aimed at voice control and TTS output, they are intended to work in tandem with Sunrise Life Skills Instructional Software’s learning platform. The platform includes text and audiovisual materials grouped into courses. User accounts can subscribe to courses and the service records their progress in courses and individual materials so they can continue from where they left off. As the platform is intended for use by adults and children of all ages, course materials can be age-restricted; therefore, a user’s date of birth needs to be stored and checked against the material’s age restriction. Figure 1: ERD for the proposed database. As the entity relationship diagram illustrates, the principal database operates with three main entities: a user, who may subscribe to none, one or multiple courses; a course, which contains materials. The User entity is also used to (optionally) store the user’s preferences for the TTS output. Note that the same material can be part of multiple courses, therefore, the course-material relationship is characterized as many-to-many. This imposes a technical limitation on standalone
Introduction The term vitamin B12 includes a group of associated materials acknowledged as cobalamins. It’s the largest of all the B complex vitamins and usually has a relative molecular mass of above one thousand. It has a corrin ring made up of four pyrroles with cobalt at the center of the ring. (Nexo, 461-475) It is believed that animal foods are the only source of vitamin B12 and are mainly attached to foods synthesized by bacteria. Plants do not have the enzymes necessary for vitamin B12 synthesis. In living things cells, there are two vitamin B12 reliant enzymes and they consist of methionine synthase which makes use of the substantial form of vitamin B12 carrying the methyl group attached to the cobalt and the other enzyme is methymalonyl coenzyme mutase which makes use of the element form of the vitamin that is transportation a 5’-adeoxyadenosyl moiety attached to the cobalt. (Krautler, 315-339) Sources of vitamin B12 The main sources of vitamin B12 are foods of animal origin since microorganisms such as algae and bacteria contain enzymes necessary for Vitamin B12 synthesis. These microorganisms also grow in the intestine as a result of the fermentation of food in the stomach which favors their growth. Mammalian products such as eggs, cheese, butter, milk, and meat are essential providers of vitamin B12 (Finke, 300). Absorption Vitamin B12 is bound to proteins in foods and can only be released by the action of a high concentration of hydrochloric acid. This process results in the free form of vitamin B12 which is immediately bound to the glycoprotein namely the R-binders and intrinsic factors both of which help in the absorption of vitamin B12.R-binders prevent the destruction of the vitamins by the acid while intrinsic factors enable the active absorption of the vitamin. The pancreatic proteases digest the R-binders in the duodenum releasing the vitamins which are bound quickly by the intrinsic factors which proceed to the small intestine, where they are absorbed by specific ileal receptors by a process called phagocytosis. (Trugo & Sardinha, 22-33) Deficiency symptoms Vitamin B12 is mainly found in animal products hence those stringent vegetarians are at high risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. The signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency include weakness, loss of appetite, depression, poor memory, tingling in the hands and feet, and poor memory. Lack of vitamin B12 results in pernicious anemia. (Scott & Weir, 63-72) Assessment of vitamin B12 The elevation of plasma homocysteine and plasma MMA are the best indicators of vitamin B12 deficiency, and high MMA in the body is always associated with low vitamin B12 in the body.MMA alone can not however be used as the only indicator for vitamin B12 deficiency since renal insufficiency can also result in elevated MMA in the blood. Therefore low serum levels of vitamin B12 should be the indicator of vitamin B12 deficiency and could e confirmed by high MMA in the blood. (Markle, 247-356) Conclusion Vitamin B12 is therefore necessary for proper body functioning. Its deficiency results in anemia and neurological impairments such as memory loss.
Elements of the Theory According to the Routine Activities Theory, people make decisions basing on how advantageous the decisions will be to them and at the same time minimize the disadvantages. According to the theory, crime usually occur when certain conditions are prevalent, that is, when there is an offender who is motivated, a target that is deemed suitable and the lack of a capable guardian. There must be an individual who has a motivation to carry out a crime. Then, there must be a target to which the crime is directed. The target value depends on the offender’s judgment and is not dependent on the economic worth. The offender has to be in a position to reach the target, commit the offence and retreat or escape (Gary, 1968). For any crime to occur, all the three stated requirements must be present and the absence of any of them prevents a crime from occurring. The three requirements may converge during the daily routinely activities that people undertake like those activities done at work, school or in the homestead (Clarke, 1997). Why Offenders Engage in Crime Offenders usually engage in crime whenever the three mentioned requirements converge in the same space and time. The theory holds the victims responsible for the crimes that are committed. The victims make themselves the targets of the offences due to their routinely activities that they take part in. The fact that an opportunity is availed for the offence to be undertaken and the target is available, then the offender will always utilize the chance by committing the offence. The element of the absence of the guardian is also vital for crime to occur. The guardian may be the person who oversees the activities of the offender or the one in charge of the offender. Whenever the guardian relaxes his or her responsibility over the offender or is absolutely unavailable then the offender is bound to commit the crime against the target. The se
One day, Iris, the goddess of the rainbow, quarreled with the Sky. She told the Sky that it was unfair that she appeared so rarely. Iris blamed the Sky for the fine weather and the absence of rains for a long time as she was allowed to appear only after the rain. She told me that she was so happy when people saw her regularly and admired her beauty. The Sky replied to her that he would not change this and that people did not need the rainbow. The Sky told her that people needed only the sun and the rains because they made their lands fruitful. However, Iris was not persuaded by this argument. She told the Sky, “If only the food is the source of people’s well-being, people live the empty lives because, although they are fat, they are not happy.” “You do not understand. They are already happy because the sun shines every day”, The Sky replied. “People love me. They are just thankful for the sun but I doubt whether this source of happiness which is given to them almost every day is valued more than the one which they see only a few times. They miss me, I am sure”, Iris added with regret. “Think what you want but I will not give the rain as you ask anyway”, The Sky persisted. Iris was angry. She missed people too. She had not seen them for months and decided to undertake anything to appear. She thought that when she appeared, people would be so happy to see her that she would persuade the Sky in her importance. One day, when the sun had already appeared in the sky, Iris appeared over the hills. She tried so hard to be noticed by every citizen of the city that when they had seen her, they had been charmed by the most beautiful rainbow they ever seen in their lives. The Sky was angry about her action. The Sky turned dark and the weather became awful. People were frightened of the disaster. Immediately, they turned back to their homes, hiding their children, household staff, and cattle. Children began crying. The Sky laughed at Iris. She became indignant. “Do you still believe that you are more important than the sun?”, The Sky asked her. “After your actions and the fear which people felt, I became even surer that they value me more. I will be a sparkling memory in their minds”, Iris replied. Seeing her impertinence, the Sky decided to punish her. “You will never appear again! I will not send the rain anymore!”, The Sky said. Iris cried. Her last hope to persuade the Sky disappeared. The sun shined every day. People had not seen the rain for months. The drought had led to famine because the fruitful lands turned to deserts. The Sky had seen that and started to send the rains every day. The sun disappeared and it was raining steadily. The floods destroyed the cattle-pens and devastated the fields completely. People had never suffered so much before. Many left the city in search of fruitful lands. Many lost their homes because of the severe rains and the wind. Everyone recalled the good days when the sun and the rain replaced each