ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An advertisement is any written, spoken media strategy used for marketing a good, goods, vacant post or availability of human labor. It can include a person, people or a company marketing itself, its good, goods or both. The internet is the most common and comparatively cheaper form of marketing besides its appeal to a larger population and flexibility. Advertisements demand particular attention since they need to communicate the information clearly, attractively and effectively. Job advertisements are designed and meant to attract the attention of the potential candidates for a given job. In consideration of the two advertisements for medical personnel, I find the two adverts standard and exemplary representative of the ideal job advertisement. (Lin, Y. 2004). The two advertisements have attractively and effectively used bold, legible and precise title which attracts the attention of the readers instantly. This is a great selling point of any advertisement because it is the first thing a reader reaches attracts the readers interest and to proceed to the content of the advertisement. The advertisement has used good selection of key words in the title and the body for effective communication and precision to the point in relaying the objective of the advert. (CollegeRecruiter.com 2007) The advert is equally indicated the target audience and ensured it avoids ambiguity and excessive and meaningless use of words. A standard advertisement contains the following features: The title, location, date, location, objective, requirements, contacts and even scales of payment which the two advertisements contained. The advertisements writing are clear and good font is used to catch the attention of the readers. The advertisements have provided detailed information on the main body and it ensures that the readers get full information including: objective, location,dates,target group, advertisement, ideal characteristics and key competencies and requirements of the position, contacts and the responsibilities that go with the position at stake. (Management Tools and Tips (2006) The advertisement is very polite, salutative and sincere and uses the design principles including unity, contrast, hierarchy, dominace, scale and abstraction. The advertisement also shows the willingness of the employer to help in the processing of any documents that may be required for the job. The advertisement has also used a key marketing tool, the internet which is comparatively cheap and reaches many people over s short period of time and could be printed in case one needs a hard copy. These two advertisements followed a number of guidelines for effective advertisement. They also used two different designs in the presentation of the advertisement. (Hastings, R. R. 2006). The advertisements indicate the employer’s appreciation for the readers attempt at reading and showing interest in the job which really is encouraging to a reader and makes one feel a sense of commitment and respect on the part of the employer. The advertisement has kept the advertising code of ethics by not using any offens
Congruence Model The congruence model developed by Nadler and Tushman is an organizational diagnostic model that is seen to be similar to the open systems theory which stipulates that organizations are social systems that depend on the environment for their inputs. Nadler and Tushman (1980) described congruence as “the degree to which the goals, objectives, needs and demands of one organizational component are consistent with the goals, needs and demands of another component” (p.16). Inputs within the congruence model include factors such as the organizational resources, the internal and external environment, history of past organizational behavior and organizational strategies. Nadler and Tushman (1980) describe the resources of an organization to be capital, technology and employees. Organizational strategies are the inputs that will be used in the model while the organizational environment is made up of the individuals, groups and institutions outside the organization that will be analyzed. History of past behavior involves looking at previous performance and whether it will affect the organizations present activity while inputs are viewed to be the most important strategies an organization incorporates. The system components in the Congruence model that will be used in the transformation model include factors such as formal and informal arrangements, individual components, tasks which will be performed by the organization and the informal organization. The outputs include individual behavior and how this behavior affects the organizational tasks, group and inter-group behavior and system functioning. The weakness of this model is that the congruence or fit between the internal variables at times presented a challenge to the organization. McKinsey 7S Framework The McKinsey framework was developed by Pascale, Athos, Peters and Waterman in the 1980’s. They worked as consultants for the McKinsey Consulting Company. The 7s model was developed around seven factors that created an awareness on the basis that when the seven factors are used together they are able to assist in the formation of a better organization. The seven factors or components of the 7s model are structure, systems, strategy, shared values, skills, style and staff. Strategy involves determining the proper course of action that will be used to achieve a desired goal or objective. Structure highlights the relationship between an organizations process and human resources that are used to fulfill objectives and goals. Systems are the infrastructures that are used by the organization such as machinery, or technology while staff is the human resources of a company. Skills are the unique characteristics that each staff member possess while shared values are concepts that an organization uses to achieve a common purpose through common goals and objectives. The weakness of this model is that most companies focused mostly on the strategy, structure and system compone
Introduction Companies carry different types of operations as part of their strategies directed toward achieving their objectives. Operations involve activities that may lead to creativity and innovations. Analysis indicates that innovations can be helpful to a company. This is because it incorporates new ideas in the company that can improve the performance of a company. By definition, innovations are the new ideas that give different directions on how to improve a company’s products and services (Brown, 2005). Question What is the importance of innovations in operations management and what should we consider before incorporating these innovations in a company’s operations? Discussion Innovation is the discovery of different approaches that can influence operation’s performance when put in practice. Not all innovations are helpful; some may be disastrous to an extent of damaging a company’s operations while some may positively influence a company’s operations if carefully evaluated. When these newly developed ideas are integrated in a company’s operations, a different direction in operations is created that consequently improves a company’s performance. Although before integrating these ideas, careful evaluation, analysis and tests should be carried out to ensure that the ideas are viable for exploitation. If proven viable, company operations will be more efficient followed by improvements in product and service sale, thus an increase in overall company’s performance. Additionally, these ideas can create cheaper way of performing a company’s operations but still maintain its maximum outputs. This may reduce a company’s expenditure on operations consequently increasing its competitiveness with better market position than its competitors. Incorporating innovation in a company’s operations develops a dynamic culture that would help it easily adapt to any future changes. It also helps a company cope up with the ever changing technology especially if it poses enormous impact to the company’s operations and performance in general (Lewis & slack 2003). Not all t
Introduction The population rate in Eastern Europe has been on the rise in the last few years, with the economy recovering at a rapid pace from the collapse of communist Soviet Union and the former Yugoslavia. The East-West divide has seen the Western Europe attain a higher standard of living with a high GPD compared to the Eastern Europe. Though the markets in this region are hardly recognized, it does not mean that it is a wasted region to invest in. In fact, with the recent rise in GPD and economy, it has provided a big opportunity for investment to both the locals and foreign investors. For a developing region competing with already developed regions, Eastern Europe has shown great potential of growing and offering the growth opportunity to the investors. This paper will look at the opportunities available in Eastern Europe as well as the challenges facing investors attempting to penetrate the market in the region (Pal 23). Economic Sectors In Eastern Europe According to Mair and Reynard (169), the region has majored in several economic sectors that have attempted to contribute to the restoration of its GPD and standard of living. Investors wishing to invest in Eastern Europe need to be aware of this sector to help them in their area of investment. Eastern Europe has three main growing sectors, the main one being Agriculture. This sector is generally developing at a high rate especially with the assistance of the Common Agricultural Policy. The policy has helped farmers to penetrate the competitive market by subsidizing their markets and setting a minimal price for their goods. The policy has however raised criticism as it is said to hamper with the policy of free trade between Eastern Europe and the other developed countries. The other sector is Manufacturing. The region has been in this sector since mid 20 th century but the sector was not long lived as it suffered from the collapse of communism. It however picked up in 21 st century after Eastern Europe’s states joined the European Union and its agreement to join the European Common Market. The growth of manufacturing sector has increased the economy growth by creating industrial employment as a result of many companies that have emerged. The last sector is banking that has contributed to huge growth of Eastern Europe financial sector. The introduction of euro as the common currency has made it easier to conduct trade in other European countries. Though this sector has been affected by the communist legacy, it is also picking up slowly to the standards of those in Western Europe. Opportunities For Foreign Investment In Eastern Europe With the economic strain that hit Eastern Europe and the effort it underwent to regain it, the new economy and flat tax plan have encouraged foreign investors and a growth of 8.8 in GDP recorded due to the foreign investors. The market for foreign investors is rising with the investors given various opportunities to penetrate the market. A good opportunity is through Foreign Direct Investment which entails a greater stability rather than the speculative capital. This is where
Periodic events are events that occur at a regular periodic interval of time. Periodic occurrences, such as a vibrating tuning fork, the sun rising and setting, and ocean waves, may occur at precisely equal time intervals (Norris, 2018). Each time a motion is repeated or cycled, the time interval between repetitions or cycles is referred to as a period, and the frequency at which these periods occur is measured in units of time. Thus, the Earth’s orbit has one year and a one-year frequency. The 12-hour cycle of rising sun and setting is called the diurnal cycle. One millisecond is equal to 1,000 cycles per second for a tuning fork, and therefore it has a period frequency of 1000 cycles per second (Kramer & Brown, 2018). The time interval between one occurrence of a periodic event and the next is definite. The sun rising and setting activity is one example of a periodic event. The rising of the sun refers to the emergence of the sun to the horizon, whereas the setting of the sun refers to the disappearance of the circumferential edge of the sun from the horizon. Time intervals between the rising and the sun’s setting are regular in the sense that they are easily predictable. When the sun rises one day, it is expected that the sun will also rise the next day. Additionally, the number of hours that pass between one sunset and sunrise is closely equal to the hours between the next sunset and sunrise. Similarly, the time difference between the rising of the sun and its setting is almost equal every day. Therefore, how the sun rises and sets in equal time intervals qualifies it as a periodic event.
A matter of identity is a very sophisticated subject and it is closely connected with social dimension. Paradoxically, the notion of the self cannot be alienated by one principle and, therefore, it cannot be purely centered. The identity construction, hence, is not only connected with the core of individuality, as presented by the Western conceptions. On the contrary, the center of the self is constantly changing and it is always multiple and diverse. More importantly, our body is primarily outward directed because our interests and preferences could only be satisfied in gratification. Therefore, a person’s self is located within social circumstances dictated by momentous actions and deeds. With regard to Bakhtin’s theory of identity, I have presented my vision of identity and the self. In particular, the work provides the concept of a human psycho that is composed of “I-for-myself”, “I-for-the-other”, and “other for me” (Emerson 199). My works present the idea that a person’s identity is constructed through different visions of others. Interpreting this, the identity is rendered via “Not-centered” component and through how other people perceive a person’s self and identity. Analyzing the components of the self-revealed in the Art work, the pictures on the plate personify a “not centered” component, a second dimension of the self. Through this technique, I sought to show the relations between two worlds – the world of events and culture and the world of life and how those events influenced each person’s life (Bakhtin et al. 2). Indeed, the concept of identity cannot exist without the culture a person lives in; therefore, he/she is unable to reveal his/her individuality unless being attained to those two dimensions. The work also represents the postmodern culture and how outward aesthetic and ethic tendencies relate to a sense of identity. Another component presents the “faces” attached to the flesh which symbolize different perceptions dependence of a human psyche on the source of identity (Zbinden 59). Faces also encompass the concept of a group identity that is closely related to the way a person evaluates his/her place in society. The works of art under consideration provide a proof that our needs and interests are conceived through Freudian understanding of human nature. In particular, the flesh of meet reflects that the self exists in libidinal space and everything is cognized through sexual desire (Radley 19). This is the component that constitutes the basics of your being. It is not vain that I presented the body as a piece of flesh covered with the material objects and events. In other words, the work intends to render a person’s identity through the things and objects constructed by society as well as events in relation to his/her preferences, goals, and needs. In relation to Bakhtin’s theory, the self presents itself in creating an architectonic connection between life activities which an individual constitutes and natural and cultural environments that surround an individual (Clark and Holquist 68). Hence
Facts of the case The practice manager is faced with several ethical dilemmas in the case. The first ethical dilemma is dealing with the pharmaceutical representatives who want the medical practice center to return the favor of buying for the staff free lunch using their produces. The pharmaceutical representatives use the free lunches to the staff as bait to serve their self-interest of increasing sales of their products at the center, irrespective of the views of the physicians. Besides, the pharmaceutical representatives surpass the right authority when dishing out the free goodies, despite the fact that the practice manager should be the link between the center and any person of interest. Despite the fact that the free luncheons are welcomed by the staff, the basis for their provision is questionable and aimed at compromising the practice manager and other physicians to continue using the products provided by the pharmaceutical representatives. The employees seem to enjoy the free lunch since they are frequent and a saving on their side. The employees view the free luncheons provided by the pharmaceutical representatives as a motivational tool from one of the partners of the center. Despite the fact that the strings attached to the free lunches may compromise the integrity of the center, the staff members are not ready to accept the communication by the practice manager that they should stop with immediate effect. Instead of following this directive, the employees are dissatisfied with the practice manager who is seen as interfering with their source of motivation. They turn a blind eye to the potential ethical dilemma that might be created by the lunch bribes offered by the pharmaceutical representatives. In fact, these representatives confirm to the practice manager that the free lunches were offered in exchange for use of their products, failure to which they are willing to stop giving free meals to the staff. The pharmaceutical representatives ignore the moral code of conduct in doing business by using free meals as bait to serve their self-interest of increasing sales without factoring in the interests of the other party. Nature of organization behavior problem Organizational behavior should be aligned within four models, which are the motivation to acquire, bond, comprehend, and defend. Therefore, a proactive behavior control system should function within a structured communication system. When the system functions within accepted parameters, employees will eventually develop a self-consciousness to ethical concerns that might compromise the integrity of the health center (Douglas, 2009). As indicated in the case study, the organization’s behavior problem is a detachment between supposed benefits against serious ethical concerns that touch on the integrity of the business. The teamwork-based organization structure between the practice manager and the staff members does not identify the hierarchy of command structure in order to understand the complex ethical concerns at hand. In addition, it does not provide a myriad illustration of persuasive importance of problem definition within communication contemporary
The three forms of business organization include sole Proprietorship, Partnership and Corporation. In a sole proprietorship, one individual owns and controls the business. The person handles all complains from customers, bears all risk of ownership, make decisions and most importantly the person receive all the benefits from the business (Abareshi, 2010, p. 27). However, the owner can seek the help of members of the family in operating the business. In partnership, two or more persons agree to do business together with an aim of earning and sharing of profits. The business can be ‘‘carried on by
Introduction Syria, a nation in the southwest Asia, has encountered several key challenges in the recent past. In the wake of 26 January 2011, Syria experienced its initial demonstration, where a civilian lynched himself, protesting against the current regime. Afterwards, the nation has experienced continued adverse political upheavals, thereby creating numerous adversities to the population of the country. This was sparked by the wave of the Arab Spring, where various rebels protested for change, with many politicians ousting their government positions (Ziser 69). Therefore, Syria has followed suit, bringing massive protests within the nation. This has led to severe property damages and loss of lives. As a result, the Syrian government faces criticism from the global community due to the violence that the government metes to protesters, with various nations and world organizations intervening. Therefore, this manuscript will look into the challenges the country is facing, and measures to implement in order to alleviate these challenges. Causes of the Syrian Political Upheavals The protesters claim to have grown tired of the 5-decade tyrannical rule of al-Assad. As a result, they have resorted to numerous revolts, in an effort to eject the leader, with several cities being blockaded within the nation (Coll). Moreover, various organized groups are resolute to end the reign and bring in democracy to Syria. Furthermore, social network sites have aided significantly in the spread of the protests, since it has offered a cheap communication medium. Besides, ethnic clashes among various communities such the Kurds and the Arabs have heightened the civil upheavals (Coll). The nation faces racial tension due to the diversity of the inhabiting communities that include the Arabs and Jews among others. Moreover, the minority groups such as the Alawi face prejudice from other dominant communities. Besides, the media reported of a Kurd activist, who was found lifeless, with signs of torture on his remains. This sparked protests in the nation, with the protestors seeking justice. These upheavals may also have resulted from the various social-economic factors. Before the political crisis, the nation faced severe unemployment challenges. This resulted from the drought that affected agricultural activities within the nation. Agriculture has extreme significance in the nation, since it provides employment for nearly 20% of the population. Monopolies have also posed a grave threat to the Syrian econ