ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The policy proposal “Removing Regulatory Barriers for Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems” examines the future of automobiles with automated driving systems (ADSs) and why new considerations should be accepted to promote this modern technology. The benefits and drawbacks of innovation have attracted the attention of many policymakers, engineers, and politicians. This paper gives a detailed analysis of some of the issues revolving around the policy. Public Comment on the Proposal The emergence of modern technologies has led to the production of superior vehicles that support people’s transportation needs. The proposed policy seeks to promote new guidelines to accommodate the production, safety, and use of driverless vehicles. Firstly, this move will encourage more innovators and engineers to produce superior vehicles that can improve the way people move from point A to B. Secondly, the power of technology is something that cannot be ignored by any government (“Removing regulatory barriers,” n. d.). The acceptance of the new technology will create the best environment for producing superior automobiles that conform to every testing, compliance, certification, and verification process. Moreover, the production and use of these cars will result in reduced accidents and traffic jams. Experts have also acknowledged that fully automated vehicles have the potential to support various environmental conservation initiatives (“Removing regulatory barriers,” n. d.). That being the case, existing regulatory barriers such as the failure to recognize the effectiveness of driverless cars and the absence of evidence-based testing procedures should be removed in an attempt to support this new technology. Environmental Implications: Positive and Negative Many analysts believe strongly that self-driving vehicles will have numerous impacts on the environment. Current technologies in vehicle manufacturing have been associated with reduced fuel consumption. These autonomous cars will, therefore, minimize carbon emission and protect the environment. Heavy traffics and jams are associated with increased gasoline consumption. The proposed technology will minimize such jams, thereby reducing carbon emissions (Greenblatt, 2015). On top of that, the technology will maximize road usage and at the same time minimize the need to construct more highways. Chances are high that these gains will protect the natural environment. Eco-technology will also minimize most of the materials required to produce targeted cars. These aspects show that the proposed technology will
This critique examines the argument that Pruitt and LaFont (1995) develops about sex tourism in Jamaica, where European and American female tourism travels to Jamaica for romantic affairs with Jamaican men. The authors start by elaborating on a gap in the existing knowledge. In particular, the note that the existing studies focus mainly on male sex tourism in which male tourists engage local women in sexual, emotional, and romantic affairs (Gorry, 2003). In this case, the previous studies fail to consider the increasing evidence of women’s involvement in sex and romantic tourism. The authors highlight two major aspects that have contributed to the rising cases of female sex tourism. According to the article, women’s identities in Europe and North America are being transformed “beyond the confines of the traditional gender scripts within their cultures” (Pruitt & LaFont, 1995). The media and public perceptions of women having more powers have increased significantly in Europe and America, which makes women develop the need to exercise the freedom conferred to them by the new identities and economic abilities. On the other hand, the local Jamaican men associate themselves with foreign tourists, breaking the culture and normative authorities of their societies (Pruitt & LaFont, 1995). They obtain the freedom to explore new gender roles while also pursuing economic gains from the new kind of freedom in society (Clift & Carter, 2007). Secondly, the authors attempt to construct the concept of “romance tourism” in order to differentiate it from the traditional concept of sex tourism (Pruitt & LaFont, 1995). In this case, the authors argue that gender roles have been reversed. European and American women travel in pursuit of sexual and emotional satisfaction. In the traditional concept of sex tourism, American and European men travel to look for foreign women, especially in the developing world (Pruitt & LaFont, 1995). To construct this concept, the authors highlight the studies they conducted in Jamaica between 1989 and 1992, attempting to bring forward the new form of sex tourism involving foreign women and local men in the country. According to the authors, th
Marshall McLuhan, a modern-day intellectual was one of the first to make sense of the impact and consequences of the rapid advancement in telecommunication technology. There is no need to remind everyone that he predicted that the time will come when mass media will change everything. It turns out that McLuhan was more than correct. The television set of his time has now been upgraded to the Internet and mobile phones. The former was the backbone of a world turning into a global village and the latter closing the gaps making everyone interconnected without the hassles of cables or even the need to stay in one place. Today a person can be in the middle of the desert and still be able to communicate. But there is more. The Internet and the cellphone can be further broken down into their related technologies or services such as email, instant messaging, mobile communication, and text messaging. According to McLuhan and other like-minded writers, this is changing the scale, pace, and pattern of human activities. McLuhan’s View Marshall McLuhan was one of the first thinkers who saw the big picture when it comes to telecommunications technology. Since he saw the interconnectedness between media and mankind – and the fact that men and women can no longer live independent of said technological applications – he was also able to formulate some important aspects of 21st-century life and these are listed below:  1. Man’s capabilities, particularly in terms of consciousness and other mental abilities are being extended – abolishing space and time. Thus, according to this philosopher, in his famous adage, “…the globe is no more than a village” (McLuhan, 5).  2. Action and reaction occur almost at the same time when it comes to communication.  3. Combining the two aforementioned factors, new telecommunication technologies are responsible for changing the patterns of human behavior and relationships. When McLuhan introduced the idea of the “global village” he was able to summarize in one phrase the global impact of various telecommunications media. But what needs to be emphasized here is not only the interconnectedness of humans per se but also the increasing ability of man to know what is happening in countries that are located thousands of miles away. This has both positive as well as negative implications and it is seriously changing not only human behavior patterns but also how people relate to each other. The positive consequence of this newfound ability to extend oneself and know more about peoples living in inaccessible locations such as Tibet, Darfur, and Burma for instance, is to increase one’s knowledge and awareness. The negative consequence is that it pressures the viewer to immediately respond to the crisis or to be emotionally involved with something that one has very little power or influence to change. Anxiety, fear, and depression are just some of the common signs of being overload
To some extent, students differ significantly from each other. Some of them are fast in learning while others are slow. There are two broad categories of students. These include gifted students on one side and those who are not gifted on the other. In general, all gifted students demonstrate some unique abilities in various grounds. This can be through academic performance, reasoning and constructions, leadership or through music (Johnsen 2006). They show capabilities which is far above other students. However, gifted students do not necessarily require the normal services provided by the school order in order to acquire these capabilities. In other words, gifted students demonstrate an extremely high level of performance. According to Johnsen (2006), gifted students can be viewed as any student who shows ability to perform or one who performs at a remarkably high level of performance compared to their colleagues under the same age, environment, and experience. Gifted students display a high level of creativity in intellectual ability and cognitive ability. For instance, they display a high level of creativity in artistic, or leadership fields. Gifted students are therefore capable of solving various problems through their creativity. In most cases, the gifted students rarely take anything for granted (The Rhode Island State Advisory Committee on Gifted and Talented Education, 1997). For instance, they seek to ask many questions on why and how certain things or situations appear as they are. This is unlike with the case of non-gifted students who tend to take everything naively. Unlike non-gifted students, gifted students are usually diverse and are usually intensively focused (The Rhode Island State Advisory Committee on Gifted and Talented Education, 1997). This has a significant impact on their general performance. Gifted students also reveal a high capacity for motivation. They have self-motivation in their activities. This triggers their performance in various fields. This group of students has a strong inner desire to learn more and does not require intensive attention in training compared to other students. Gifted students are also associated with good performance in class (Johnsen 2006). However, this is not just enough for a gifted student. In most cases, the number of gifted students varies from one place to another. The gifted students are found everywhere in all geographical regions, racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups (Barb
Introduction Most of business objectives are future oriented and their realization are usually uncertain in the short run. There are many uncertain events that may take place in the course of running, which may make it impossible for businesses to realize their objectives. Such uncertain events are termed as risks and are likely to happen in all the aspects of the business. Knechel (2002) defines risk as the likelihood that the outcome from a given process will not meet the expectations due to some uncertain or expected events in the course of carrying out the process. One of the major risks that may occur in the course of running the business is the environmental risk that arises as a result of the impact of human activities in the environment. Pritchard (2000, pg 5) defines environmental risk as a measure of potential threats to the environment and combines the probability that the events will cause or lead to degradation of the environment and the severity of that degradation. He also defines (2000, pg 5) risk management as the process of implementing decisions about accepting or altering risk as well as minimizing their effects. Environmental risks need to be managed well in order to mitigate their effects and also reduce their frequency of occurrence. Environmental risk management involves measures taken b
Introduction The changes in education witnessed in recent years have seen the emergence of standard based instruction in schools across America. This new trend has its roots in theories of cognitivism and constructivism which have redefined the process of learning. The discussions presented in this paper will briefly highlight the basic principles of these theories, the research that has contributed to the development and the values and limitations of each theory in instruction design. In addition the some of the models and concepts used in each theory will be presented. Cognitive Science Theory: Basic Principles According to cognitive theorists the thought process plays an important role in learning and observed changes in behavior provide indicators to what is occurring in the learners mind. This approach also places importance on organization of problem solving and structuring activities to enable students to process information on a deeper level allowing for its reuse in different problems. This theory includes concepts such as internal knowledge structure, information processing model that trace the process from stimuli to knowledge and several effects that affect learning (Koohang and Harman, 2007).Examples in teaching practice include computer programs such as Logo: Microworlds Pro and Plato math program. Cognitive Science Theory: Research and Findings The cognitive science theory can be traced to the work of the theories of perception as advanced by Plato and Aristotle and attempts to explain the nature of human knowledge. These concepts were later advanced by the French psychologist and philosopher, J. Piaget (Phillips and Soltis, 2007). Piaget’s work was the basis for future developments by J. Bruner, who concluded that learning was a process of developing categories of information that can be reused in future (Koohang and Harman, 2007). This theory which built on the findings of behaviorism began to influence instructional design around the 70’s. Some models built around this theory include Collins& Stevens inquiry teaching model, ARC’s model of motivation and component display model. In the inquiry teaching model relies on rational process of questions, answers and discussion between learners and instructors. The ARC’s model proposes four conditions to facilitate learning namely attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction. The method assumes learning to be a sequential process and satisfaction of the conditions keeps the learners intere
Non-Cash Compensation The effects of non-cash compensation abuse by the company managers may not have immediate effects on the company’s profits, but it will gradually affect the company’s reputation. Nevertheless, appraisals are an important part of motivating the staff, which means that non-cash compensation must be used as a basic tool (Zechman & Zechman, 2010, p. 7). Therefore, it can be suggested that employees should be rewarded with benefit plans and congratulated via messages on their success. For managers not to abuse their power, a different principle of information management must be used. With the help of a shared knowledge strategy, complete clarity can be attained (Lam, & Lambermont-Ford, 2009, p. 54). Accounting Methods As a rule, several types of risk are traditionally identified when talking about merchandising. First and most obvious, the risk of incurring a major loss should be mentioned. However, this is a very general type of risk. To be more specific, one must mention the risk of defining the target audience in the wrong way. Indeed, it is crucial that the product should be marketed to the people, who will be willing to buy it. Finally, the breach of the “five Ps” principle is fraught with serious consequences. Even positioning, which is often overlooked even by major companies, plays an important role in tricking the customers into paying attention and buying the product or the services (Well, Shipper & Francis, 2012). To reduce the risks of inventory shrinkage, loss of clients, shipping errors, logistics errors, etc., it is crucial for the company to get its priorities straight. In other words, the mission and vision of the firm must be redefined. As long as stellar performance and customer satisfaction are at the top of the firm’s priority list, impressive changes can be expected (Smith, 2011). Inventories When it comes to avoiding shrinkages, one must give credit to the principle of inventory costing known as the average cost method. Seeing how the entrepreneurship in question (a fast food restaurant) usually requires a traditional set of resources (e.g., the standard equipment, the traditional fast food products, etc.), it will be relatively easy to calculate the average sum required to facilitate the key production processes of the company (Bragg, 2005), as well as the costs for the related operations, e.g., financial transactions, internal and external logistics, promotion and marketing strategies. To execute efficient monitoring of several different types of businesses, it is necessary to employ the tools that allow for creating a defense strategy (Davis & Davis, 2012). For example, for a shoe retailer, audits will be required to check the quality of the services provided. For a physician, it is important
Thesis Statement   * In the attempt to lay a fundamental mechanism for understanding how gender roles are socially constructed within a society, feminism has created a new interpretation of gender and sex   * Despite the fact that a number of women fight for gender equality, they do not support feminist objectives. Surprisingly, these women fail to consider themselves as feminists. However, they portray male characteristics of superiority (patriarchy) in different aspects of life.   * The position of the paper is that women should not only back up feminist activities, but also accept their positions as women. Why my Topic interests Me   * My social background has played a key role towards my choice of the topic for my presentation   * It is a burden for parents to have three daughters in the Indian culture especially when it comes to addressing their reproductive and bodily rights and needs   * For instance, it is a challenge for the Indian parents to cater for dowry expenses of the three girls   * Such girls will not only lack proper education but also be exposed to early marriages.   * Therefore, there is the need for me to develop a set of ideologies aiming at identifying and defending the political, economic, and social rights of women in society. From my personal experience, I was always fighting for equal rights in the family but never knew the term- Feminism . In fact, I did not know about feminism until I took the class last semester. Therefore, with such a knowledge, I will strive confidently to restore the dignity of women that has been taken away not only in India but also in the world at large. Such an effort will awaken the dreams, voice, and power of many women that could not be witnessed before. Academic Disciplines used to answer the Research Question In response to the research question “Historical Development of Feminism and Patriarchy”, I conducted a literature review of the topic using credible sources that addressed specifically the issue of feminism. I used many studies in various disciplines such as economic, literary critics, anthropology, and women studies without negating sociology. Such sources have been included in the notes section for confirmation. Research Findings   * Many of the issues that affect the lives of women attract some ethical and moral concerns from various people.   * According to feminists, the failure to give women the rights to determine whether they want to carry on with their pregnancies or not amounts to denial of fundamental human rights for autonomy in control of one’s productive health and even to control one’s body.   * Women in the United States have always encountered challenges that interfere with their individual fulfillment in society.   * For instance, some have risen up to fight for their
The role statistics is crucial for understanding gender and age factors that have to be considered while establishing higher insurance rates for young male drivers. In addition to the fact that young male drivers are reckless and exposed to frequent cases of speeding tickets and claim files, they avoid seatbelts wearing, can drive more passengers than it is allowed, and buy fast vehicles that they cannot always control (“Why teens pay more for car insurance,” n.d.). Gender and age are not the only factors that have to be taken into consideration while discussing the situation on the roads. There is an opinion that even if a driver is a young man, but he is married, the chances to cause accidents are reduced by about 20% (Adams, 2015; Ayuso, Guillen, & Perez-Marin, 2014). Therefore, statics is a serious aspect of making policies. Still, exceptions should not be neglected to make correct conclusions. To prove the importance of high rates of insurance for young male drivers, it is necessary to think about its benefits. First, such increases may help to reduce the number of incidents and deaths of drivers. Second, the examples of male drivers can be a good lesson for female drivers. Finally, safer vehicles should be offered to young drivers. Some people may believe that such an insurance system is not fair and based on gender and age prejudice. However, if there is a small chance to reduce the number of deaths among young people, it should be used and promoted in all countries because driving has to be safe and comfortable for all participants. Gender and age differences challenge many spheres of human life. Still, driving is an everyday activity of millions of people, and policy-makers have to create appropriate conditions to support all drivers.
Abstract Every form of life depends on water for existence. Water is also critical for most industrial processes. However, misuse and pollution of water are making it a very scarce commodity although most of the world population does not realize this. This paper describes water scarcity, factors behind the scarcity and the possible methods of protecting and conserving it. At an industrial level, a good water management plan (WMP) is mandatory. Apart from saving water, the good WMP benefits the industry in various other ways. These are described in the paper. It also considers various methods of saving water at home and the possibility of forced water conservation in cases where consumers are ignorant. Introduction What is water? How and why do we need to conserve it? These are very important questions when considering sustainability of life in the future. Most people especially in the developed world do not realize that sustainability of life in the future is at stake if measures to conserve water are not implemented. This is because through out their lives, these people have had readily available fresh water (Cheng, 2010). Their taps and showers never run out of water, the water closets always flush and even when they need ice, the refrigerator has more than enough. The only people who realize that water is scarce are those from arid and semiarid regions where getting a cup of clean drinking water counts as one of their greatest challenge. In the developing countries of Africa and the Middle East, women from some places walk for six kilometers a day just to fetch water. Even in their cities, water crisis is not a new thing. This has not been felt in the developed countries because of the well-established infrastructure, which is absent in the developing countries. Due to this, the issue of water scarcity is assumed to only affect the developing countries. However, this is not the case and Live Earth CEO has warned that in 20-25 years time