ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The “The Godfather” movie is a showcase of film excellence. The research focuses on the mise-en-scéne (movie overview) of how a real life mafia family forces its illegal powers on the community. The research centers of the movie show the family as the driving force of many groups, especially the Corleone mafia family. The “The Godfather” movie excellently complies with all award-winning influential characteristics of film production. Christian Messenger (2002) emphasizes the movie to be a mafia film genre. The film is based on a true story of a mafia family. The movie setting is within the United States. Most of the actors are gangsters members eager to implement their evil deeds on society during the 1940s. The lighting is perfect; the scenes are excellently lighted to ensure all important details are seen by the movie viewers. The decors easily catapult the Godfather Movie goers back into the Early American period. The movie props and scenes bring the reality of the 1940s New York era where internets and computers have not been invented yet (Phillips 2002). The costumes of the actors vividly show how people, specifically the 1940s mafia families of New York society lived. The movie scenes directly show the forceful power of the mafia families. The Corleone mafia family focused on corrupting government officials, politicians and judges. The corruption was done to prevent the local government’s harassment of the mafia family’s illegal casino and bar businesses. The props and scenes also show the reality of the rivalry among the different mafia families fighting for or against the new drug trade. The film focuses on Vito Corleone (played by Marlon Brando) as the Godfather. The Godfather’s son, Michael Corleone, is played by Al Pacino. Further, Mark Winegardner (2005) theorized the film’s editing was very appropriate. There is no scene that showed irregularities. The story moved from one scene to another in exquisite fashion. There were no jumps or obvious mistakes as one scene moved on to the next scene. The movie viewers can easily get the flow of the story from the beginning to the end. There are no confusion mistakes precipitating into the film. As proof, Marlon Brando won the best actor award for his efficient and effective role as the movie’s Godfather. In terms of editing, the movie editors effectively and efficiently corrected any editing errors caused by the lighting and other factors in the film production. In the same manner, the movie editors effectively and efficiently refined the film quality output by choosing the appropriate props for each film scene. The editor was very proficient in ensuring that the costumes of the movie actors were very realistic when they avoided creating scenes that depicted the unprofessional imitations of the 1940s New York mafia crime era. Furthermore, Mark Winegardner (2005) reiterated the sound used was very effective and efficient. The movie audiences can ea
Ticket scalping has become a very profitable and commonplace occurrence. Technology, particularly the internet, has allowed people to buy a number of tickets rather quickly and with particular ease. These tickets are then re-sold for a price much higher than the original one. The moral question of whether it is morally correct or not is being raised. One of the websites that are involved in the ticket selling business is called StubHub. Two first-year students from Stanford decided to organize the website. Eric Baker and Jeff Fluhr launched the business, making it different from others in several ways. The website was much simpler and easier compared to others. They became very successful within the first five years, and the growth continued very quickly. The company now makes 10 billion dollars a year with 300 employees. The prices are very reasonable, and this was one of the keys to such success. Another important point is that the website does not actually have any ticket inventory. It is more of a medium between the consumers and the seller. StubHub asks for a credit card for confirmation, and it does not get charged until the customer actually receives the tickets. This creates a lot of belief in the company, and so, people are not hesitant to get involved. The seller of the tickets is also at minimal risk, in that the fee is separated between the person buying and the company that is selling the tickets. The intricate system of the website makes it one of a kind. The sellers can all take part in the website auctioning, and so, they display their tickets and prices there. The anonymity is important, as they are not differentiated from others. The easy to find the system does the search for the ticket quick and efficient. The listings go according to events, sections, and venue. The buyers have an option to compare similar tickets from the same sections, which gives them an opportunity to select better fitting tickets. The prices are not “astronomical” for the most part because the website’s system fluctuates according to the market, and a lowering of the prices is as possible as they increase. StubHub made themselves responsible in the process of making sure that the customer receives authentic tickets. They are still very much involved after the transaction itself so that in case there are fraudulent tickets received by the customer or none at all, StubHub will return the money. In case such a thing happens, they break the contract with the seller company, keeping the good relations with the buyer. Other companies do not do that. In addition, StubHub has customer support that is available 24 hours a day, which is extremely convenient for customers who have questions. The convenience of the website is centered on the buyer, and this is why so many people prefer this particular website to buy tickets. StubHub has also looked into the season tickets and th
Global positioning system (GPS) can be discussed as a system that allows monitoring and following the exact position of vehicles and any objects such as materials or products that are necessary for the supply chain functioning. There are two basic purposes for which the GPS is used in transportation and logistics systems. These purposes are navigation and the tracking control. Such companies as Nordic Parcel and ARI Logistics usually use the advanced GPS for navigation of their vehicles in long routes. The GPS navigational systems integrated in these companies’ vehicles allow operations similar to operations of automated vehicles during complicated routes, when the driver needs assistance in navigation. In this case, the routes for vehicles are applied automatically, and the system can operate as a ‘machine’ driver. On the contrary, US Perishables and Integrity Express Logistics are more interested in the constant monitoring of the freight location. Therefore, they have applied the GPS in order to find the location of the freight with the help of satellites and signals from the GPS tracking devices installed in trucks. In this case, both the company and the client can follow the movement of the truck in order to conclude about the location of the freight.
The European crisis is a significant issue in the modern world as it affects the majority of the states of the continent. The are several diverse reasons for this problem, which should not be underestimated. Wood (2012) proposes the hypothesis that one of the most noticeable causes is the specificity of monetary policy. The participants of the Union maintain that their unity is in their diversity (Wood, 2012). Nevertheless, particular situations show the imperfection of this claim: in the era of turbo-capitalism, it is hard to reach an agreement in establishing a unique financial strategy (Wood, 2012). The governmental representatives are concentrated on social questions and the topics concerning equity, tolerance, and brand awareness of their states. However, it is crucial to pay specific attention to the monetary processes in the European Union. Wood (2012) puts forward the thesis that there are external factors that influence the decision-making of the authorities and public behavior. It has negative consequences for the development of the democratic community and fair electoral cycles. The creation of the European Union was important in the post-War era when the financial situation was dangerous for the whole region. Support of other states was crucial for surviving and functioning the international market. Nowadays, it is possible to assume that the state of affairs is more balanced and regulated. However, the European Union has to arrange the majority of actions and decisions with each other which causes noticeable problems. For example, the recovery of the USA after World War II was faster because the system was more dynamic and flexible (Wood, 2012). The necessity to coordinate the activities and the operations made the European Union a powerful but conservative and bureaucratic system. The governments of the countries do not have a unique solution to this problem, which makes their financial situation more serious and dangerous. Reference Wood, S. (2012). The Euro crisis. Journal of Public Policy and Ideas, 28 (1), 32–37.
Introduction With the unprecedented revolutionaries undergone by organizations in the 21 st century, there is need to rethink on the issues of organizational behavior in order to enhance efficiency within the organization. Organizational behavior is a poly-disciplined subject, which encompasses domains such as psychology, sociology, and economics of the organization that contribute to effectiveness and efficiency. In order to examine the organizational deportment of any business, it is extremely significant to comprehend theories of organizational behavior. Understanding these theories forms the first and the very important step to implementation of principles of the organizational behavior. Theorists in management have developed several organizational theories over the years, which the modern managers find useful in tackling of various organizational behavior issues. Despite a large pool of theories, experience prove that specific theories apply to specific issues with some partially obsolete in the modern organizations. In fact, managers have established that some of these theories inapplicable in this globalization era. This paper identifies leadership, conflict, and motivation as the three significant issues of organizational behavior. Then based on work experience, the paper further marks these issues against theories to which they successfully apply. Leadership Organizational behavior involves the application of knowledge of how the human resources within an organization act and relate. The way people act and relate within an organization has a casual relationship with the productivity of the company. The frameworks or leadership that organization operates influences the organizational behavior of the company (Cunningham & Eberle 1990, p. 205). Within an autocratic leadership, the people are oriented towards obedience and adherence to set rules of behavior. Experience has established that this model results into minimal performance. In a supportive leadership on the hand, the people are oriented towards participation and job performance. This model results into maximum performance of the employee. With this fact, therefore it important to evaluate theories of organizational behavior, which can effectively tackle leadership, issues for productivity of the company. With the growing complexity of organizational structures, Weber’s bureaucratic theory of organizational behavior is widely becoming applicable. Organizations need to encourage specialization and division of labor in order to improve performance and quality of production. Industries require specialized personnel in operation of their systems and machines. According to Gozdz (1992, p. 14), organizations should embrace leadership that spells out the procedures and rules for employee execution of their duties. Weber’s theory emphasizes on clear defined roles of each employee, control, and authority. Although most theorists oppose this theory, it is still partially applicable in industrial leadership to enhance production. Second organizational theories pra
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 130 million Americans suffer from a chronic illness. In a 2013 study, the CDC found that one of every three Americans suffers from at least one chronic condition. More than two-thirds (69%) of the Medicare patients in the study suffered from two or more chronic conditions, and a third of all Medicare patients had four or more chronic conditions. Due to the increasing number of multiple chronic conditions (MCC), healthcare expenditures develop exponentially as every additional chronic condition requires greater physician access and hospital admissions (Hajat, & Stein, 2018). Patients’ outcomes, in turn, worsen due to the deterioration of the quality of life, additional costs, out-of-pocket expenses, symptom control, and inability to work. Therefore, there is a growing need for health disparities reduction to improve patients’ outcomes and cut health care costs. One may note that the prevention of chronic conditions should be placed at the heart of efforts that are needed to achieve the two above-mentioned goals. Provisions of the proposed strategy to reduce and eliminate health disparities should include several steps. Firstly, all preventative health care services should be provided with Medicaid and Medicare coverage (Cassidy, Trujillo, & Orleans, 2015). Secondly, community-based grants for chronic conditions prevention should be financed by the government. Thirdly, beyond prevention, health care services should develop models of care that promote cross-condition management (Hajat & Stein, 2018). An example of such a model is symptom-based care guidelines for physicians. Fourthly, health risk disparities should be reduced by facilitating environmental changes to enhance nutrition and increase physical activity. Finally, it is recommended to establish a Health Promotion Public Health Council that would be responsible for setting and achieving goals associated with improving health through federal and state programs on health promotion. Difficulties with forecasting health care delivery in the US are associated with dynamics that influence change. In particular, four key dynamic factors hinder predicting health care delivery. Firstly, a shift from a volume-oriented system to an outcomes-oriented system with the main outcome being good health (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). If some health care sectors choose to focus on producing high-quality services, other health care facilities may offer services that do not have a value. Secondly, health care is becoming more cost-consuming with not only low-income but also middle-income people considering the majority of services to be unaffordable (Elmendorf, 2016). This unaffordability factor which shapes government decision on health care policy makes health care delivery difficult to predict. Thirdly, the dynamic of health care can hardly be tracked because health care is becoming politicized and there is
In the 18 th century, North America had already been divided into 12 colonies. They stretched from New Hampshire in the west all the way down to South Carolina in the east. Before the struggle to independence, American colonies remained under the control of the England. King George III was the over ruler of the colonies as well as of England. But in 1776, the colonies came together and fought for their independence after rebelling against the British government (Davidson 90). The rebellion was triggered by a number of reasons. The wanted to make their own laws, but the British government could not allow them. They realized that they could only make laws if they had a form of government which recognized their needs. Another reason for the political consciousness that led to the struggle for independence is that the colonies wanted to expand their markets to other counties. They wanted to engage in trade partnership with other countries. However, the colonial government could not allow this to happen. In addition, the colonies were required to pay taxes to the colonial government. The taxes remitted were extremely high and this angered some of the colonies. The rebellion began during the last decade to independence. Protest against the British government took center stage. A key event that took place took place during this time of the rebellion was the seven year war. The war involved several powerful regions of the world at that moment including Europe, North America India, and West Africa. The war was triggered by disputes of interests between the colonists and colonialists. Britain was able to emerge victorious in the war. Another key event during this period of political consciousness was the stamp act of 1765. The British parliament back in England came up with a law requiring British colonies to produce printed materials that only have revenue stamps from London. The stamp was supposed to be embossed on newspapers, magazines, and legal documents. The revenue collected on the printed documents was meant to pay the British troops that helped their country to win the seven day war. This law was met with resistance in most of the colonies. They argued that since they were not represented at the parliament when the law was being passed there was no need to support it. British manufacturers and merchants were also affected by this law and contributed to its resistance. The third key event during this period of political rebellion was the tea party. In 1773, the British government made a law that required all the colonies to pay taxes on tea. The new law also required every colony to send all the taxes to England further aggravating the protest against the colonial government. The colonists fought against this law and in 1773, the famous Boston tea party happened (Davidson). This was not a real party but a protest against the law to pay taxes on tea. The colonist invaded a British ship carrying tea and threw everything in the water. This event is one of the most common protests against the British government in the history of America. The image bel
Introduction The theory of action states that whatever individuals do is always intentional meaning a theoretical relationship between legitimate action and an intention exists. However, establishing this relationship has always been a debatable issue among philosophers and there has been a concerted effort to do so unsuccessfully because of two major reasons. In this case, understanding the actor’s normative intention is critical in offering an explanation. Again, it is prudent to focus on the intention with which a person acted because such actions might be having teleological dimensions that could not be reduced to the simple concept of causal guidance. Recent studies are focused on the nature of intention, as well as their distinctiveness as far as mental states are concerned. In other words, they center on the norms governing cogent intending. In this article, the ideas of Frankfurt on the problem of action are reviewed in an attempt to explain the causal theory of action
Assessment is an interactive process that provides teachers, parents or guardians and the students themselves with valid information about progress and attainment of expected curriculum teaching. It focuses on teaching, learning and outcomes. The main goal of assessment is to improve student learning in the subject under study. Assessments are based on achievement goals and standards developed for a particular curriculum grade. Assessment is done to collect information on individual student performance within a given time frame. Learning evidences may include tests and portfolios. It may also involve other learning tasks such as journals and written work. The outcome information can be shared with the students to make improvements. Improvement of student learning can be through changing achieved through changing the learning environment or the study habits. The subject of assessment can be of any type. It may be a happening or event, an individual, a place or a condition. The subject matter is learner-centered, course based and in most times anonymous and not graded. Assessment seeks to note down all data whether subjective or objective (Jere, 2010). On the hand, an evaluation is a set of activities or statements that seek to determine whether objectives were realized. It focuses largely on grades and may reflect the components of classroom other than mastery l
It is known that naturally contained in water layers organic substances are subject to bacterial destruction. Aerobic microorganisms use molecular dissolved oxygen for their own metabolic processes, and as a product of synthesis, emit carbon dioxide (CO2). In other words, dissolved oxygen actively diverges into oxidation, which reduces its concentration in water over time. Thus, by measuring the oxygen level in a water sample, it can be determined the activity of bacteria and the concentration of organic matter: the more oxygen is consumed, the more organisms absorb it. (Hang, 2017). A quantitative measure of this fact is biochemical oxygen demand or BOD. The essence of the method of measuring BOD is to establish the concentration of molecular oxygen in the water sample immediately after the selection and after incubation periods (5, 7, 10, or 20) of the sample (UmweltBundesamt, 2017). The microorganisms that have absorbed oxygen emit carbon dioxide captured by the added amount of potassium hydroxide. This causes changes in pressure, which is recorded by the device. Procedure Sample Preparation  1. Water samples should be brought to the target pH value (6.5-7.5) by adding the required amount of low concentrated (1 M) solutions of sulfuric or hydrochloric acid;  2. The sample should be homogenized by mixing and filtration, if necessary.  3. The representative volume of the material is placed in an empty, clean measurement container.  4. In order to eliminate unwanted nitrification, inhibitor B is placed in the solution, the mass of which is set by the standards depending on the range to be determined.  5. Next, 3-4 drops of 45% solution of potassium hydroxide are added to the sealing lining, and a magnetic anchor is placed in the sample.  6. The required temperature of the sample can be set by heating it in a thermostatic cabinet.  7. Container caps are tightly screwed, it is important to achieve absolute tightness of the system. Measurements  1. BOD Direct™ sensors are placed directly on the water sample so as to avoid air ingress or removal. Airtightness is the main measurement process.  2. Molecular oxygen is measured automatically.  3. The samples are incubated during a set period. this can be 5, 7. 10, or 20 days. During this period, the bacteria actively consume oxygen.  4. Once a specific deadlin