ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Numerous people have engaged in the debate about what education persons with disabilities should be provided. For many years, such persons had received diminutive consideration in terms of their education needs. Numerous individuals still wonder whether the numerous efforts by the government to spend considerable resources on such persons are justifiable. The notion that such persons cannot learn has been the basis of unbelief in the credence of educating persons with disability. The focus of this essay is to justify these efforts, and reiterate the importance to increase funding in the education of persons with disability. The most recurrent basis of argument in the education of persons with a disability is the fact that numerous of such persons cannot advance significantly in the normal education programs. It is true that individuals, especially, with intellectual handicaps cannot grasp content beyond the lower elementary level. However, an imperative question is what education to refer. John Dewey, a renowned scholar in education asked a similar question at the end of a seminal presentation (Jackson 1). The seminar was attended by seasoned educators, and therefore, the question was not whether they knew what education was. Dewey’s enquiry is the nature of the enquiry needed in this debate. In defining education, a basic distinction is the difference between schooling and education. Schooling is the attendance of formal classes where the content is prescribed and follows a syllabus. Also referred as formal education, it involves the phenomena of teaching and learning as facilitated by the gratuitous and involuntary means. However, the term education, devoid of any descriptive adjective extends beyond formal education (Brock 4). It involves the transmission of culture and relaying of important knowledge to facilitate a person’s inclusion into a society. Therefore, the view that such persons cannot advance beyond the lower elementary levels ignores the wider meaning of education. Of importance in this debate is the meaning of students with disabilities. IDEA defines this category of learners as comprising persons with mental impediments, hearing and sight inaptitude and advance emotional disturbance. This category also includes persons with orthopedic impediments, autism, TBI and OHI. For these persons to qualify, they have to be in need of exceptional education and ass
Becwin Printing is a successful local business printing company that has managed to gain a large market share. The company’s history highlights several managerial challenges and strategies of business success. Albert Becwin started the company in 1981, at the time when he was a student and working as a salesman for his brother-in-law’s printing business. After extensive research in business management, particularly printing, Becwin established his company with $20,000 capital, which was mostly borrowed, and another $13,000 from his friends in the printing business. The initial strategy of Becwin Printing was to go after customers with printing needs and ability to pay. Thus, the focus was on banks since it proved profitable for Becwin. In 1982, Becwin hired Allan White as a partner and the business manager. White purchased 20% of the company because he had been working as a bank executive and was among Becwin’s customer. The business was successful because the sales reached $7.3 million and an operating profit of $657,000 in 1994. Between 1995 and 2004, Becwin registered a profitable growth of about $20 million is sales. Despite the business growth, Becwin faced many challenges as a leader. Managing the expanding business required feasible leadership strategies, and thus Becwin opted to contact Beth Schubert from a management-consulting firm on how to run the business. Schubert proposed that the company’s top management should delegate duties to other operational managers. The business was restructured in 1999 to ensure customer satisfaction and competitive advantage. Becwin replaced the sales manager, the production manager, the head of the stripping department, and hired new managers to take the positions. Therefore, there was delegation of duties which elicited new policies, systems, procedures and controls to maintain Becwin’s market share. In addition, buying out White was a challenge after his retirement in 1999. The options available for Becwin was going public, selling out, using Employee Stock Ownership Program (ESOP), and re-capitalization. He however assimilated the ESOP option whereby over a seven-year period, 65 percent of the company’s ownership would be relocated to the Employee Stock Ownership Trust (ESOT). The strategy was successful because a bank loan financed ESOT, and White received $800, 000 in cash. ESOT affected the company’s funding strategy because everything had to be reported together, including the financial position of the company. Nevertheless, Becwin saw this as a challenge because it gave people a false sense of security. Another challenge was the pressure to adopt the changing information technology. Many printing business emerged in 2000s, which forced Bercwin to gather necessary information from customers about their needs. He was successful in customer orientation because the profits were positive with a growth rate of 17.6% in 2010 as compared to 8.7% in 2005. In essence, the major factors that facilitated Bercwin’s success include in-house design, sales force, and expansion of
Introduction The industrialized food system allows for producing larger quantities of food for less, leading to low prices of food products in supermarkets. Nevertheless, as illustrated by Guptill et al., the industrialization of the food system has a lot of drawbacks (160). One possible solution to these issues is the downsizing of food production in the United States, which would improve the food system by addressing health, environmental, and ethical problems. The present paper will show the need for change by overviewing the costs and ethical concerns of industrialization and then explain the benefits of downsizing as an alternative. Industrialization Costs First of all, the industrialization of agriculture had a critical impact on the environment by raising pollution and waste levels. Chemicals that are widely used to promote the growth of crops enter the water supply and pollute it, causing damage to animals (Guptill et al. 175-176). The authors note that “There are now more than 400 identified oceanic dead zones, including one in the Gulf of Mexico of about 8,000 square miles caused by fertilizers washing down the Mississippi River” (Guptill et al. 176). The situation in other areas of the country is similar, and it may worsen over the next few years. Secondly, the technologies used in the farming of meat and dairy products create health concerns for humans due to the risks of infection. In order to prevent animals from dying, many food manufacturers use antibiotics, which are given to animals even if they are not ill yet (Guptill et al. 156). The spread of resistant bacteria in the community leads to the risk of epidemics that cannot be treated with regular antibiotics, thus increasing healthcare costs and impairing population health. In addition to environmental and health costs, there are also ethical concerns associated with the industrialized food system. The first issue is the reliance of the system on low-paid seasonal labor, which contributes to economic inequality throughout the country. Furthermore, farmworkers are often denied legal health and safety protection and are excluded from minimum wage regulations (Guptill et al. 174). Those who agree to work under such conditions often come from marginalized ethnic and racial backgrounds, and the lack of fair compensation and legal protection thus strengthens the social division. The second ethical issue associated with the industrialization of agriculture is the poor treatment of animals. Most of the animals are kept confined in small spaces with lots of other animals, leading to diseases and deformities that make them suffer, including mastitis, abscesses, ketosis, bone
Introduction Ethics have diverse definitions depending on the field in which it is applied. From a universal perspective, ethics encompasses well-established standards of wrong and right acts that human beings should avoid and do. The standards include instances of honesty, societal benefits, fairness, and particular virtues. Moreover, ethics revolves around developing the standards mentioned above in ensuring that institutions study their own ethical standards. Ethics is a philosophical division that touches on human conducts that are in line with the goodness and badness of their actions, motives, and results of such actions (Dion 2012). Different theories have different ways of classifying actions as good or bad. For instance, from utilitarianism point of view, an action is ethical if the consequence is beneficial to a given group of people even if the method applied harmed others. This ethical theory holds that the end justifies the means no matter the repercussions that result from the actions. Ethical practices are not limited to the laws and social norms. For that reason, a lawful act may not be ethical. The exertion of influence or authority over a group in a given direction to achieve certain objectives constitutes leadership. Different Sides of the Debates There have been debates on the type of leadership that is universally better than others. Numerous research papers have defined, analysed, and explored several theories of leadership and their applications in daily life (Thoms 2008). These research documents have dealt with the qualities that make one a successful leader among his/her employees or followers. Moreover, the leadership studies have paid due attention to the perception of leaders and the feeling he/she commands from the group. Notably, people have been identifying leaders using their emotions and not on a rational and objective basis (Giuliani & Kurson 2002). On its part, the contingency theory holds that there is no single approach that leaders can apply in their management styles since there are variations of circumstances. Therefore, leaders must change their behaviours and styles of leadership to fit the environment. Fielder ca
Personal Research Methods Every research should start with choosing and exploring appropriate resources. It is always better to include journal articles in the reference list as they imply other people’s observations on a certain topic and their evidence-based conclusions. Scholarly articles are more reliable and trustworthy than news columns or various books. The second factor that has to be considered during the organization of a high-quality research is the paper’s format and style. Such elements as the text’s body, headers, and the reference list should be thoroughly revised according to the appropriate citation style (Thomas 56). Otherwise, it might have an adverse impact on a student’s final grade. Moreover, it would be advantageous for a researcher to make an outline before writing his or her paper to have a vision of its structure and general appearance. Planning the Upcoming Assignment Before choosing a movie or a TV show episode that offers a substantial vision of life on an academic campus, it is necessary to find some information about pieces of art that might be preferable in the given study. There are many websites online that can be consulted as to the presented assignment. However, only credible data sources must be referenced and used in it. After choosing and watching a particular episode, it should be analyzed. Such elements as the content’s primary topic, purposive audience, specific theme, and personal reasons for selecting the given subject must be described in the research. One of the most effective methods to gather and analyze specific information implies watching a certain episode and making simultaneously written notes to outline the main points of the described object (Bell and Waters 34). In conclusion, it would be proper to state that any research should be original (without plagiarism) and well-structured (containing the sections of introduction, body, and conclusion). Works Cited Bell, Judith, and Stephen Waters. Doing Your Research Project: A Guide for First-Time Researchers . Open University Press, 2014. Thomas, Gary. How to Do Your Research Project: A Guide for Students in Education and Applied Social Sciences . SAGE Publications, 2017.
Introduction Death is an inevitable part of a human’s life, however, people in different parts of the world understand it differently. In contemporary Western countries, such as the United States, death is viewed as a medical or scientific issue that can be resolved. Such an opinion is a reflection of Western culture’s development. This paper aims to examine the concept of death and dying and the perception of the two notions in Western cultures. The Concept of Death and Dying Beliefs about death as well the people’s perception of this concept differ around the world. According to Filippo (2017), awareness regarding death accompanies humans since their birth, and many religions recognize this by providing supportive practices. These practices include rituals that are carried out once a person dies. One must recognize that these beliefs are influenced by social, environmental, and spiritual factors. From a historical perspective, the concept of death evolved together with advancements in medicine and technology. Dying at a young age was seen as a norm in pre-modern times, while modern healthcare practices allow people to live longer, which inevitably affected the attitudes towards death. Filippo (2017) argues that in modern Western societies, reflections about death are not common. In some way, this element of human experience is feared in this culture. The author argues that these transformations affected the people’s perception of death and disintegrated it from ordinary human experience. Hence, one can conclude that the concept and view of death in the Western world has evolved significantly, influenced by factors such as advancements in medicine and social changes. The em
Geographical location of the forest   * The Costa Rican rain forest is located along the central American country near Costa Rica State and hence the name. The forest occupies approximately 180,000 hectares of land which is roughly 7.4%.   * This kind of rain forest receives a minimum annual rainfall of between 1750-2000 mm. Such types of forest are home to approximately 75% of the indigenous earth species.   * The forest is a home to approximately 3,000 living species which includes birds, reptiles, butterflies, amphibians and mammals. Its conservation is therefore critical as it will greatly determine the presence and future survival of those living species. A single move towards deforestation will lead to loss of lives and habitat for the species. This is so considering that some species like amphibians dwells in a wet ecosystem. The continued rainy season contributes positively to the lives and well being of plant and animal species in the forest. Abiotic components   * Rainfall is evenly distributed across the region but dry periods continues to be experienced noticeably January through April (Bonell & Bruijnzeel, 2004).   * The forest also has a great biological diversity considering that it has more than 1100 plant species in it. Since the vegetation not only act as food to the living species but also attract rainfall in the region, considerable measures have been reinstated by the government to protect the forest.   * The on-going deforestation has caused an alarming effect considering the magnitude of climatic damages that will accompany the region as a result of it (Vajpeyi,2008).   * Since Costa Rican forest was formed through volcanic archipelago, rich minerals are still contained in the soil formation.   * Costa Rica rainforest has enough amount of water and sunlight which is provide a canopy over the many living creatures in it. The government has taken an initiative which aims at restricting and punishing the people who damage forests in order to attain their personal goals such as
The norms and values of a person are shaped by various agents of socialization, such as parents and educators. Nevertheless, mass media also play an important role because they can set behavioral examples that can be followed by an individual. Moreover, their messages can be seen by millions of viewers, including children. Much attention should be paid to the influence of television, which can desensitize modern children. In other words, it can make them more tolerant of crime, violence, or brutality. To a great extent, this exposure can make a person incapable of feeling empathy for the needs of other people who may suffer from pain or distress. Moreover, much attention should be paid to the distortion of a child’s perception of the world and other people. In particular, they may be able to recognize only the negative qualities of individuals. Finally, they are more likely to rely on aggression as the method of conflict resolution (Kevorkian & D’Antona, 2008, p. 107). This trend attracts the close attention of many journalists and scholars. Certainly, researchers can primarily speak about the correlation between exposure to TV violence and lack of sensitivity. However, their findings confirm that these phenomena can be linked with one another. These are the main risks that should be taken into consideration because they are important for the education of children. This discussion should be considered by various stakeholders such as parents, teachers, and representatives of mass media. It should be mentioned that modern television provides many examples illustrating that violations of many behavioral norms can be widespread or even acceptable. The characters depicted in movies, television series, or video clip can be perceived as role models by children. The main problem is that such characters may act in a deviant manner or even disregard ethical norms established in the community. One should keep in mind that television can often glorify violence or crime. For instance, one can mention such television ser
Accounting is the process of gathering the relevant financial and economic information regarding the company, where the data is assessed, analyzed, and summarized in order for it to reflect the current state of the firm. Financial statements of the company are primarily generated through the accounting approach, and they are needed to communicate the resulting information to stakeholders. The latter group might include shareholders, managers, founders, external investors, creditors, and other interested parties. There are a number of challenges that can be associated with accounting processes. The article states that the process of accounting is a highly costly endeavor, which might not be beneficial for some privately held firms, where the stakeholders have direct access to the management (Hope et al., 2017). In other words, the process of gathering information in order to create financial statements might not worth the cost that the given procedure incurs. A large, publicly owned corporation requires accounting in order to allow its shareholders to know the overall state of the company. However, when the firm is privately held by one or a small number of individuals with direct access to management, there is no reason to conduct accounting as a tool for communicating the business’s financial state. In conclusion, accounting considers accounting objects in accordance with the established requirements and prepares financial statements. This information is used by stakeholders to be aware, evaluate, and assess the current state of the firm. In addition, the accounting process reflects its prospects and potential for future growth, where shareholders can decide to either but more stock or sell everything out. Therefore, accounting, in short, is the process of reflecting all business facts in accounting registers and the subsequent preparation of reports. Reference Hope, O. K., Thomas, W. B., & Vyas, D. (2017). Stakeholder demand for accounting quality and economic usefulness of accounting in U.S. private firms. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 36 (1), 1-13.
The All you need to know about action research (2nd Edition) action research book authored by McNiff & Whitehead provides practical guidance and an in-depth understanding of how action research can benefit professions in the field of education. Action research enables practitioners including educationists to evaluate and investigate their work. They ask, ‘What am I doing? Do I need to improve anything? If so, what? How do I improve it?” (McNiff & Whitehead, 2011, p. 45). It is more about observing, reflecting, acting, evaluating, and modifying, a process that helps to improve on new theories or discover new theories. As shown, action research is suitable when one wants to improve understanding and develop one’s learning and other people’s learning. This helps educationists improve on their evidence-based teaching mechanisms. One of the remarkable highlights is in Part III. The section sheds light on designing, planning, engaging literature, and initiating the action plan during the action research process. Most action research focuses on the ‘out there’ social world (doing things while focusing on persons you are dealing with). However, one also needs to focus on the ‘in here’ mental world (reflect and think about what one is doing when performing the research). The ‘in here and ‘out here’ world planning requires an action researcher to address his/her concern for the research, the action to take, data type to be gathered, judge how his education influence the research, ensure that the conclusions are reasonable and evaluate research validity. When it comes to designing an action research project (Part III), one should develop a conceptual/theoretical framework that details reasons that have subjected one to undertake the research. The conceptual framework(s) should link to literature ideas; what key authors have noted about concepts one has included. In addition, the design process should include the methodological framework to detail how to conduct the research process. The methodological framework chosen should communicate openness to novel possibilities; necessitate systematic inquiry and continual critique. Part IV details how to get compelling evidence to keep away suppositions and opinions, which may nullify the claim, a very fundamental part of action research. Compelling evidence narrows down to data. To gather quality data, one needs to determine the kind of data one is looking for and find out the most appropriate place to gather it. The best place would be in one’s field of practice where data collection opportunities are always available. One also needs to analyze; sort and store data to generate quality evidence. When doing this, one should avoid soci