ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Culture, ethnicity, gender, race, and geographical location are the main attributes used to identify people. They help people to understand the connections they have with other people in different regions. In modern times, many people identify themselves with their countries of birth, and this makes them eligible for citizenship rights and other social and economic privileges that are offered by their countries. Also, many nations rely on shared geographical, social, religious, and political attributes to identify their real citizens from foreign nationals. The race is also one of the most used attributes which are applicable when trying to identify people in different countries (Identity: Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality 146). Physical characteristics based on people’s skin color are used to divide people into various racial groups, and this influences the way their identities are constructed. In the U.S., race, and ethnicity are the main attributes which help to assign identities to different demographic groups in the country. Therefore, people that share a common language, ancestral background, and cultural practices belong to the same demographic cluster which is used to identify them. Also, residential segregation is used to assign collective identities to people with similar ethnic and social characteristics. Immigration of large numbers of people from one country to a particular locality leads to the transformation of cultural and economic practices of that area. For instance, Washington Heights in New York has a lot of Dominicans, who emigrated and settled there in large numbers within the 1960s (Identity: Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality 155). As a result, the district has become a hub for economic and social activities which many immigrants from the Dominican Republic identify themselves with. Alternative sexual and lifestyle practices encourage people to construct their own identities based on connections they have with other people who have similar interests. Therefore, such people create spaces for themselves, and this leads to the formation of exclusive communities where people with distinct sexual or lifestyle preferences live together. For instance, in the past two decades, exclusive neighborhoods in the U.S. which have large numbers of same-sex couples and families have increased in their numbers. Power relationships in different geographical regions also have an impact on people’s identity construction (Identity: Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality160). In the past, racial segregation laws played a major role in separating whites from people of other racial groups such as blacks, Native Americans, Asians and Latinos in the U.S. Therefore, people from minority racial and ethnic groups were considered as inferior to whites who used their economic and political power to demonstrate their racial superiority. Gender roles are also used to identify men and women in various societies. In conservative societies, men are expected to work and support their families financially while women are to look after their homes and children. Howe
Despite the evident tendency for the globalization and, therefore, an active cultural exchange between the representatives of different nations, some of the culture-related dilemmas remain unresolved, the representation of certain religions and the central figures in them being the primary one. The above phenomenon is quite understandable seeing that misconceptions and the following conflicts emerge even among the members of the same community, as the first episode of the BBC series on the subject of Prophet Mohammad’s life showcase. Although the narrators touch upon a range of issues in the first episode of the series, including the essential ideas of Quran, the stages of Prophet Mohammed’s life, the confrontation between the early Muslims (the monotheistic community) and the pantheistic community, etc., the movie is aimed at raising awareness of the Muslim faith, its origins, primary postulates, and philosophy. The intentions of the movie’s authors are quite understandable in the environment of the contemporary international relations, in which the notions of a Muslim person and a terrorist are often seen as interchangeable. The analysis of Mohammed’s life, therefore, should be viewed not as a different way of looking at the traditional story but as the means of enlightening people on the subject of the Muslim religion. Thus, although the title of the movie does not represent the scope of the movie fully, it can be interpreted as a passable way of rendering the key message of the story. The latter, in its turn, is that the Muslim religion is not to be judged on the merits of the actions of some of its radical groups. Moreover, the movie makes it very clear that the lack of awareness concerning nature and the intent thereof is just as harmful as the misinformation to the relations between the Muslim community and the rest of the world. More importantly, the authors of the film stress the fact that the further misrepresentation of the Muslim religion is likely to lead to the exacerbation of the conflict. The movie opens with a brief overview of the current status of Islam in contemporary society. Afterward, the narrator shifts the emphasis to the roots of the religion, telling the story of Mohammad’s origin. It is quite remarkable that the first several minutes of the specified part set Islam aside from other religions, primarily, Christianity. Specifically, the fact that Mohammad was an ordinary man, who could not perform miracles and only spoke the word of God, was brought up (“The Life of Mohammad” 04.20–59.11). The next part o
Introduction The story of six MIT students who traveled to Las Vegas and won big by using their mathematical knowledge and exceptional memory has shaken the community. The movie “21” portrayed these students perfectly and posed several questions that can be perceived as ethical dilemmas. The main character of the story is involved in the plotline because he needs money. At the same time, even though one of the MIT teachers was the leader of the team, he did not practice either ethical decision-making or fair play. He used to manipulate the students with exceptional abilities to pursue his own goals. The Professor’s students (including the main character of the movie) played 21 in one of Las Vegas casinos to win big. It all ended with the Professor landing behind bars because he went too far with his willingness to gain as much money as possible and did not pay attention to the interests and needs of his students. Within the framework of this movie review, I will show that this kind of story can be accurately translated into an action movie such as “21,” and it should be perceived as a reasonable representation of the real-life academic environment at MIT, because ethical dilemmas arising from the manipulation of other people represented throughout the movie have been observed at MIT, and the movie provides us with an insight into what might happen when you are smart but tend to exploit other people for your benefit. Ethical Issues The social issue that will be discussed in this paper is the act of MIT teachers manipulating their students for their benefit. An in-depth analysis of the movie shows that three key ethical dilemmas are directly related to this particular social issue. All these dilemmas relate to the social layer, and each can be evaluated as a complex system that functions based on prearranged rules. The first ethical dilemma emerged from the fact that the Professor was only interested in his gain and did not care about the students whom he was successfully exploiting. At the beginning of the movie, we mistakenly take his attitude for granted, but the development of the plot discloses the negative consequences of the Professor’s actions. Just like in real life, the university teacher was not interested in preserving the well-being of his students. This ethical dilemma escalated quickly, and it would be reasonable for the students to realize that they had been tricked. This is why the climax of the movie plot involves a situation where the students t
Introduction There have been increasing concerns over education standards all over the world. Debates are ongoing about numerous education related issues both at national and international levels. The light-speed trends that have been observed in technological advancement have necessitated the development of educational structures that streamline education and training to the needs of the labor market. For instance, an automated production line may force a firm to seek more highly skilled personnel to supervise and program it (Holmes and Mayhew 3). Such personnel may be obtainable through retraining of a firm’s existing workforce or simply seeking freshly trained personnel. Higher education institutions have thus been grappling with the need to produce better skilled trainees to match the requirements of the job market. However, contrary to expectations, higher education systems around the world are faced with numerous challenges, which constrain their ability to deliver adequately. Despite the challenges, the overall trends in student intake have registered growth in the recent past (Duderstadt 14). This growth includes the engineering discipline, which is of interest to this report. Duderstadt (31) notes that engineering faced a decline in student interest up to around 2003 but since then, there has been an upward trend in enrollment for engineering courses. Oregon State University (OSU), which forms the basis of this study, is part of the higher education system and as such, is no exception to the prevailing dynamics. The University was placed in the 276-300 category by The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for the 2012/2013 period. The ranking implies that the University although it tries to bring itself to world standards, it still falls behind many American universities in terms of performance and general outlook. Of particular interest to this report however, is the performance of OSU’s engineering students. Research Problem The current engineering job market requires better-trained and well-equipped engineers who are more creative and potential high achievers. However, the education and training sector has increasingly been plagued with numerous challenges including claims of deteriorating standards. Higher education policy agendas of the United States have in the past revolved around increasing degree production and access to higher education issues but have largely ignored increasing educational performance or creativity of the graduates released to the job market. Issues of performance and creativity of graduates seem to be largely left to the internal structures of higher education institutions to address. Many institutions of higher learning have thus endeavored to set themselves apart as centers of excellence through obtaining internationally acclaimed accreditations such as the ISO certification. However, such accreditations do not directly translate to higher academic achievement for stude
Introduction For thousands of years, many answers have been provided for the phenomenon “Why does the Moon seem bigger when it’s just above the horizon”. This paper examines a few of these answers. What is the Mystery? From personal observations, it is a fact the heavenly objects such as the sun and the moon appear much larger when they are at the horizon and this can be observed during sunset and sunrise. The phenomenon of the moon seeming bigger can best be observed during a full moon. As the moon moves higher in the sky, it appears smaller and looks the smallest when the moon is at the zenith position or directly overhead. The size of the heavenly bodies does not change; so the mystery is why does it look as if the size is changing. Explanations A number of explanations have been given and some of them are listed here. Early Explanations The ancient Egyptians and Greek astronomers such as Ptolemy provided the answer to this question many centuries ago. They regarded the sky as an inverted bowl where the heavenly bodies rotated around the earth. The moon was presumed to come from a distant place and move in a path around the sun. So when the moon rose at the horizon, it appeared larger and as it moved on its path and neared the earth, it seemed bigger and as it receded, it appeared smaller. Another theory was that the size of the moon changed with the angle at which the head was tilted when it was viewed. Another reason suggested was that there were differences in the brightness of the moon when it was near the horizon and when it was above and this caused the moon to have different sizes (Adams Cecil, 25 January 1985). An Optical illusion Another reason given was that the moon at the horizon is seen along with a number of earth objects such as trees and buildings that appear larger since they are near. When the moon is at the horizon, then it is seen along with these objects, hence it also appears bigger. As the moon moves higher, it becomes isolated from other objects hence it appears smaller. According to psychologists, this is purely an u=illusion and the eye plays tricks on the mind. The explanation further suggests that if the viewer were to bend over and watch the moon from between the legs, the moon would be turned upside down and the horizon would appear above the moon and this would change the illusion. (SMAS Related Faqs, 2002). The atmosphere as a magnifying glass It was suggested that the earth’s atmosphere is also curved and acts as a magnifying glass. The gasses in the atmospheric haze from smoke and pollution act as ef
The Need for Improvement   * Barnes Jewish Hospital earns high scores in most categories of evaluation.   * Patients need a higher quality of care with reduced costs.   * The healthcare system is evolving, and the hospital needs to improve in accordance with the evolvement. Barnes Jewish is an excellent health care organization, which cares about its medical staff and patients. This presentation aims to explain the importance of improving evaluation benchmarks to the primary stakeholders, the medical staff. As stated by Trastek, Hamilton, and Niles (2014) “our current health care system is broken and unsustainable” (p. 374). The main challenge is to reduce costs while providing patients with high quality of care. The recent changes in how the healthcare system operates (Affordable Healthcare Act) are placing additional pressure on healthcare organizations to improve their operations. The benchmark evaluation has shown that there are a few categories that should be enhanced to respond to the challenges. The Benchmark Metrics   * The medical personnel of Barnes Jewish can improve the outcomes of services.   * Healthcare providers have the ability to find the best strategies for the improvement of the value of care (Trastek, Hamilton & Niles, 2014).   * Improved quality of work.   * More healthy and satisfied patients.   * More advanced safety measures. The medical staff of this hospital spends many hours helping patients and communicating with them. Thus, doctors and nurses have the ability to connect with people who come to Barnes Jewish and to understand their needs. This connection can help improve the hospital’s operations to enhance the metrics, but more importantly, to create better patient experience and outcomes. The perspective of this policy for the medical staff is a difference in the quality of work. The team will be able to provide patients with more compassion, better attention to
Media is important to society as it is one of the main information sources. It has many influences, and the roles people play, have a significant effect on the way society views media. Many shows and individuals have left their mark on society and media adjusts to these influences by creating new shows. The “Cosby Show” and the character of Cliff Huxtable had a significant effect on media and society. Human beings are social creatures spending a lot of time socializing, interacting and participating in activities that involve others. Cliff Huxtable was able to show that a family is a unit, a single “organism”, with its own culture, beliefs and traditions. Cliff Huxtable influenced the way family was shown on TV, which in turn, led to people adjusting their behavior and views to the sitcom. The way a family life is represented, adheres to several media principles and values, which are open ended information transfer, truthful episode recall and specific representation of what took place. Moreover, it is seen as a work of art within the media society. The work and character prove that the producers considered media ethics values of truth-telling, public’s right to know, legal and religious values. Additionally, the show signified loyalty to the company, clients, art, society, colleagues, and family itself by presenting a truthful representation of life. The outcome of the role played would have been different if the media had thought of other principles in media ethics. For example, if the participants had considered the loyalty of the actor to himself and society, the results would be much different. The producers have included values such as truth-telling and public’s rights to know. Following the numerous representations the show had in relation to real life, made it a role model among other mediums. According to the media ethics principles such as the utilitarianism and Mean principle, it is possible to see why media had such a great effect on the following culture. At the same time, this case was ambiguous and complicated, as it showed a life some people doubted. Therefore, media had to make the best decision. The facts show that media considered the loyalty to the clients and continued providing what was wanted. Further, it considered legal, religious, and balance values (Browne, 2001). Another reason the show has proved to be an inseparable part of media standard is that it was a first in its kind. Everyone had to learn the much needed rules of society, the way the world was made up and what was expected by the norm or what was considered a deviation. The show provided security, stability in basic human needs and moral happiness. It was illustrated how the family supported the implementation of a persom into the world, the views of media, society and the individual needs. The fact that a person has the support and the acknowledgement of the family creates a very beneficial environment for people to develop strong personalities. The Cosby Show was so influential because it showed that the more relatives participate in the common goal, the more different perspectives and pi
Introduction Among the political and legal concepts of the 20th century, a special place is occupied by the doctrine of natural law and rights. It continues the tradition of a philosophical interpretation of the law and relies on various concepts that have developed in modern Western European and American philosophy. Contemporary natural-legal theories recognize the existence along with a positive law of the ideal order of relations among people. This highest normative order is called natural law. According to such views, the legislation of the state is valid and legitimate only if it corresponds to the ideal law. In such a public sphere as universal healthcare, the described theory plays a significant role since some provisions of modern medicine largely relate to this concept. Therefore, it is required to review the theory of natural law and rights to consider its application in the field of healthcare and draw a specific conclusion as to whether the norms of this theory in this public area are observed. Theory Summary Christianity, like many other religions, contributes to the development of ideas about the existence of the law given by God. The doctrine of free will in this context is the consequence of the human responsibility to God, as well as a religious and moral regulator of relations among people. An attempt to establish truly fair canons for all the people is the common feature of the whole world’s religions. According to Boyd and Thorsten, natural-legal views in modern jurisprudence are combined with the historical and sociological study of legal ideas (77). The basic essence of such a concept is to show that the formation of the society does not affect its ability to adapt to modern conditions and does not violate the established order of freedoms and values. Among natural rights, the right to life occupies a special place. This fundamental concept is at the top of the natural-legal pyramid, which is understandable – when depriving someone of life, all other freedoms lose their meaning. The human right to life is fixed in most official government documents. Human laws took a significant place in the first bourgeois-democratic constitutions of the late 18th century. For example, the world-famous Declaration of 1776 refers to the possibility of the need to allow each person to have his or her destiny and implies respect for personal dignity (Boyd and Thorsten 103). Over tim
Introduction: Current State of the Organization Mission: Providing Shelter to All Those in Need The Waterview Nursing & Rehabilitation Center provides nursing services to the people in need of complex medical care, including both individuals and families. The organization provides both short-term support for the people temporarily suffering from a specific disorder and palliative care for people with terminal illnesses or senior citizens. Thus, the mission of the organization can be defined as providing people with a shelter where they can receive the necessary assistance: “Waterview residents receive the highest quality treatment by a team of talented and dedicated healthcare professionals” ( About us , 2016). Planning Methodologies: Defining the Future Course of Actions Succession Planning as the primary strategy The company adopts the principles of Succession Planning as the tool for identifying the company’s goals and delivering the performance of the required quality. The members of the Waterview Nursing facility deploy the principles of planning that allow them to address the emergent issues by taking one step at a time. The Succession Planning concept, in its turn, permits a gradual increase in the difficulty of the tasks and the complexity of the challenges to be met. As a result, Waterview Nursing passes the stages from level 1 (“no planning at all” (Carpenter, Bauer, & Erdogan, 2010, p. 619) to Level 5 (development of an elaborate plan that implies promoting change on all levels of the organizational framework). Model-Based Planning: the company’s structure in a nutshell When it comes to defining the way, in which the planning process is organized, one must give credit to Model-Based Planning as the tool that helped the organization become efficient and plan its actions successfully. The concept of Model-Based Planning can be viewed as a specimen of strategic planning (Hill, 2007) that presupposes creating a model applicable to a particular situation. As a result, the possibility of making a reasonable choice that makes sense in the context of the situation becomes possible. Organization’s Strategy: Choosing the Right Track Sustainability as the foundational value The people working in the Waterview Nursing & Rehabilitation Center strive to attain high rates of sustainability in every area of the company’s operations. For instance, the concept of sustainability as the reasonable use of the existing resources of achieving the goal of the entrepreneurship, i.e., providing the target denizens of the population with the corresponding nursing services, is supported by every member. Cultural sensitivity and diversity Apart from the idea of maintaining balance in contem