ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A learning experience can be considered effective if it results in the acquisition of new knowledge or developing of new perceptions by a person. In the recent past, I visited three museums that represent various ethnic groups. These museums are; the Wing Luke Museum, The Burke museum, and the Cambodian Cultural Museum. I followed up my visit with research on the various ethnic groups. From these experiences, I gained a number of insights which I wish to reflect on. I will through this paper give a reflection on what I learnt from my research as well as from writing the research paper on exhibition museums. In particular, I will give my opinion on the how I think the museums represented the various groups and how my perspectives on museum exhibits about ethnic groups were altered by my research. Reflection In my opinion, the museums to a large extent succeeded in representing their groups in a positive manner. The Wing Luke Museum highlighted the life experiences of the Asian-Pacific Americans and from this information; one was left with a deep respect and regard for this people. The Burke museum did a very good job in trying to explain the culture and the ways of Native Americans. From this information, my appreciation of the rich culture of the Native Americans was increased. The museum also presented a lot of information on the Ainu group. Before my visit to the museum, my knowledge of this group was almost non-existent. The museum dispelled my ignorance though various exhibits of this people. They were represented as an active trader group who conducted commerce with neighboring countries since historical times. The Cambodian Cultural Museum also documented historical events faced by the Cambodians as well as their popular culture. By learning about the culture and the art of the Cambodian people, I developed a greater interest in them and their culture. In my opinion, the museum succeeded in its quest to preserve the history of the group thorough its visitors. To me, the museums did a good job in dispelling stereotypes and I believe that the groups represented in the museums are perceived more favorably as a result of the exhibitions. The American society is characterized by a great diversification since the nation is made up of people from differing races and cultures. In most cases, there exists misinformation about minority and ethnic groups which results in over generalization. People are therefore predisposed to judge the ethnic groups based on the narrow minded and, in most cases, misguided preconceptions they have about them. Each museum was keen to promote a deeper understanding of various cultures and tolerance.
Before starting planning an event, there are essential stages that one should take to ensure that the event is successful. Some of the basic events planning stages are as follows. Knowing the Guest It is very important to know the number of people who are expected in a certain event. This is important as it plays a significant role on how the event will be designed. The number and the type of guest invited will determine the type of décor and appropriate entertainment for the event (Wolf et al 1). The number of guests will affect the room size to be prepared for the event and this will directly affect the budget. The type of guest will also affect the type of food that will be served during t
Introduction The problem of weapon development and use in the modern world does not stop the discussion whether arm race contributes to the violence in the world or not. There are a lot of different points of view which either contradict or develop this idea. Some scholars, politicians and military representatives agree that the mere presence of weapon can increase violence and aggression in the world, however, there is a contradicting opinion which states that weapon serves as the calming down device. Guns can be used as instruments of destruction or protection. From a psychosocial perspective, it is beneficial to understand that guns do not necessarily influence the aggressive behavior of those who use them. Whereby, there is a position that guns can possibly increase the aggressive nature of a human being. Even though most people agree on the idea that gun possession makes people more aggressive, gun carrying has nothing to do with behavior which is based on particular situations and human reasoning caused by specific events which are the reasons for gun carrying and aggression. A Discussion of the Evidence and Research on Weapon Effect Gun passion at schools has become a norm and in many cases it is explained not by the personal behavior of students, but by the surrounding school environment (Wilcox, & Clayton, 2001). Much research has been conducted in the sphere, however, the common opinion has not been reached. The discussion has been divided into two points of view that weapon is the supportive factor for aggression and violence and the weapon possession does not affect this aspect of human behavior. Dwelling upon aggression Adachi and Willoughby (2011) state that weapon does not influence human aggression likes video games do. Video games are aimed at increasing the competition and in case a person loses for several times, the feelings of aggression and the desire to act violently affect human behavior. Still, this opinion is more likely to be personal without being supported with the opposing facts. The fear-and-victimization hypothesis by Wilcox, May, and Roberts (2006) has shown that the primary purpose of students’ gun carrying is the fear of aggression and violence at school. The weapon is used as the protection. As a result, students are not afraid and it negatively affects their consideration of the surrounding world and danger perception. Thus, students are more presupposed to appear in the risky situations when they are to act more aggressively as they world in case of weapon absence. Nagtegaal, Rassin, and Muris (2009) have conducted a research based on human opinion that those who work in the
Common Labor Issues in the Acute Care Department Creating the environment in which the rights of every employee are acknowledged, respected, and met is an essential step in building trust between a staff member and an organization. However, some companies may use the vulnerability of their employees to their benefit due to the imperfections in the current legislation. Furthermore, the inconsistency in the labor union legal standards may lead to a significant drop in the number of opportunities for nurses. For example, according to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) standards, any employee that is regarded as a member of a discrete group should be granted certification. While the identified approach seems reasonable, a closer look at it will reveal that the interests of the employees who fall under the category of a single job classification are likely to be discarded when considering certification applications (Carlson, 2014). Furthermore, the problems associated with rigid standards for nurse licensing should be brought up. The lack of opportunities for skills improvement may also be viewed as an important labor issue. Similarly, the lack of training necessary to engage in cross-cultural communication must be named among crucial concerns. Finally, problems concerning the staff’s safety should be brought up as a serious concern. HRM Strategies for Managing the Problems The lack of control over an individual scenario in which staff members may be affected severely by the imbalanced system must be addressed. To handle the specified concern, one will have to introduce a combination of a framework allowing to consider the emerging issues on a case-by-case basis and a strategy allowing for tighter control over the issues faced by the employees. The latter goal can be attained by improving the existing communication systems used to establish a dialogue between nurses and HR managers. For instance, apart from reports, IT devices should be included in the set of tools for maintaining the communication between the identified parties consistent. The conversation may also be hampered due to workplace issues since the setting of acute care implies that a nurse should be able to respond to the needs of a patient as quickly as possible and, therefore, may fail to maintain the consistent contact with the HR manager (Morse, 2015). Impact of the Issues on Contract Negotiations The problems listed above are likely to complicate the relationships between nurses and th
There is no use denying the fact that different peoples have different peculiarities of culture and, that is why, they have different points of view on some issues. These differences are determined by the conditions under which people live and the environment which makes them behave in a certain manner. That is why, it becomes obvious that some patterns of behaviour, peculiar to one country, will seem strange or even unacceptable in another. Modern age can be characterized by the great development of different means of transport and communication, that is why, it is easy nowadays to communicate with representatives of other cultures. Additionally, huge international corporations also have their departments in different states. Under these conditions, the issue of customization obtains great significance. Customization is the process of the adaptation of a product to the peculiarities of local culture and mentality. It means that a company should analyse the target market and take into account its main tendencies. Only having done it, a company should create its advertising company and introduce a new product. It is obvious, that the issue of customization is especially vital for huge international companies. Unilever is a company of this sort. Its headquarters are situated in Rotterdam and London, though it operates all over the world, every year trying to obtain new benefits. With this in mind, it is also possible to say that customization of its products is an important aspect of the functioning of Unilever company as it owns over 400 brands and operates in almost all countries of the world (“About” para. 2). Under these conditions, it is vital for this company to take into account the needs of people from different continents. There are several industries which suggests great possibilities for customization. It is possible to see these areas with the help of table1 . Though, Unilever group owns great number of brands which also mean customization. Table 1. Areas of custmomization There are several main reasons for it. First of all, the main point, which should be outlined as the positive side of customization, is the ability to introduce certain good to the market faster (Sherman para. 2). There is no use denying the fact, that some time is needed for the targeted audience to understand the main sense of a new good. However, this time depends on the way in which this good is presented. If its advertising company is created in accordance with the demands of Western society, a good
Introduction The literature review is accurately represented by the research paper. It has explored various theories and presented hypotheses to explain how children react to victimisation. First, it assumes that temperament and sex determine the contribution of peer victimisation to a child’s aggression and depressive symptoms (Sugimura and Rudolph 2012). This assumption helps to develop intervention programmes to alleviate the effects of peer victimisation. The reviews include theoretical perspectives from previous researches conducted by other people to explain the impacts of sex in determining children’s reactions to victimisation. This includes researches done by scholars like Stephen G. West and Leona S. Aiken on how to test and interpret interactions amongst teenagers that experience peer victimisation (Aiken and West 1991). The authors have used research findings and reports from other scholars like John Archer to explain how sex determines aggression levels in children. The data review prepares audiences for what is to be covered in the research paper. The author cites quotes from researches done by other people and this shows that the issues being covered are not new in this field. This enables readers to link this paper to other research findings that were done to understand various issues that affect the reactions of children to peer victimisation. It is important to explain that a good introduction must ensure that the reader is directed from a general subject to a specific topic covered in a paper. This research paper explored various issues that determine the outcome of children’s reactions to peer victimisation. In addition, it narrowed its scope and focussed on sex as a key determinant of the reactions of children to peer victimisation. This enables the reader to concentrate on the issues covered by the research and thus understand the relationship between different variables explored by the researcher. On the other hand, this has enabled the researcher to focus on a single issue to avoid wasting time and presenting unguided findings. The research focus enables the researcher to plan and know what to do to avoid conducting a research that does not have a schedule. It is necessary to explain that this focus ensures the researcher plans his time properly to avoid giving some issues a lot of concentration and ignoring others. Therefore, this research focus ensures there is adequate time allocated to all activities to make the project successful. The research questions and hypotheses of the paper have been clearly stated and this enables readers to know what the researcher intends to do. The paper has clearly stated its hypothesis that temperament and sex moderate the contribution of peer victimisation to children’s subsequent adjustment. It seeks to answer questions related to child development; for instance, it examined whether the effects of victimisation are determined by children’s temperament or other factors like parental care and social groups (Sugimura a
Introduction Developing countries also referred to as less developed countries are those nations characterized by poor standards of living, low per capita income, underutilized industrial potential and low level of human development index, in comparison to other nations. A developed country on the contrary is defined as a country which has the potential of providing its citizens with a healthy safe and free environment to live in. besides the parameters mentioned above, international monetary fund also includes export diversification and the level of incorporation into the universal financial system as part of the distinguishing features between developing countries and developed countries (Cody, Hughes and Wall 1980, p. 34). Most developing countries depend on foreign aid for growth and this creates a vicious cycle since in the long run the country ends up in a state of neocolonialism. Characteristics of developing countries There are a number of characteristics common to all developing countries. The first one is low living standards across the country. This is depicted by poor housing, inadequate medical facilities, poor living conditions, high infant mortality rates, high levels of illiteracy and lack of proper nutrition among the citizens. The second characteristic of developing countries is low productivity. This is as a result of lack of education, lack of health protection measures in the work place resulting in many deaths, lack of physical capital and low levels of technological knowhow (Degregori 1989, p.56). The third one is the demographic factor in that developing countries are known for being overpopulated. This is as a result of the high birth rates brought about by lack of proper knowledge on birth control and lack of resources to access these services. The result of this is high dependency rates hence the tendency to live just within the sustainable means. Next is over dependence on agriculture which happens to be the main economic activity in most developing countries. The population of people working in this sector is way higher compared to the returns implying that the level of output per person is low. Developing countries are also characterized by low levels of industrialization. Despite being the major producers of raw materials, they are not able to process these materials into finished products hence remain at the primary level of production. Besides that, these countries lack well developed infrastructure in the form of road networks, clean water supply system and financial services which are essential elements for the growth of any economy. The other characteristic is underutilization of natural resources which are the main sources of wealth for these countries. However, this is as a result of lack of machinery to explore these resources. As a result, foreign investors take up these resources and export them to their respective countries at very low prices. Finally is the vicious cycle of poverty which seems to be having no end. In fact there is a notion that goes a country is poor because it is poor. The income levels in t
Introduction Various scientific epidemiological studies have revealed that most adults are highly prone to diseases, and this exposure is basically associated with adverse environmental conditions including famine (Heijmans et al 17046). This precisely targets those individuals who are prenatally exposed to famine or hunger, which is considered to be one of the environmental co-factors which play a significant role in heredity (Heijmans et al 17046). The early developmental stages of an individual especially for the mammalian species, is the most vital and crucial period in which most establishment of the epigenetic mark occurs especially when exposed to harsh environmental conditions. This epigenetic mark can be transferred from parent to the offspring or in other words can be inherited. Mechanisms of epigenetic gene regulation Epigenetic inheritance can be defined as a scientific study of inheritable changes in gene expressions, which may occur due to changes occurring on the underlying DNA sequence and which may also occur due to other external mechanisms altering the gene expression (Ghose). Epigenetic inheritance again disqualifies the idea that inheritance only occur via the DNA contrary to genetic inheritance where it’s believed to be so (Ghose). This is because; it has been observed in many occasions that according to genetic inheritance, the parent passes genes to the offspring’s. But when it comes to epigenetic inheritance it is revealed that even the parents acquired life experience can be transferred to the offspring’s in form of epigenetic tags, which can further be passed on down to future generations (Ghose). The other difference between genetic inheritance and epigenetic inheritance is that, despite the fact that the DNA molecule is known to be very stable; it is rarely subjected to modification contrary to the epigenetic tags which are weak and prone to many changes occurring over a given period of time once it’s subjected to any environmental influence (Ghose). This is the reason as to why twins have slight lifestyle variations though they are monozygotic (arise from one zygote) with identical epigenomes (Ghose). Even though the twins have identical epigenomes, several studies have revealed that these epigenetic tags eventually are considered to undergo changes over a period of time. The major forms of mechanisms that lead to epigenetic modification include DNA methylation and Histone deacetylation or modification (Heijmans et al 17048). Nevertheless, most phenotypic expression carried by offspring’s from the parent can be altered by any heritable gene transcription, which in most cases result to these epigenetic effects (Heijmans et al 17048). Moreover, Histone proteins which are referred to be ti
Introduction The study problem in this project is to investigate the relationship between asthma and the body mass index. Following the effects and the symptoms of the disease among other chronic lung diseases, there will be an investigation of the global reports about asthma, dividing the affected population into age groups and body weights. The research will then investigate how the spread of the aspects of asthma manifests across the age groups. Among the parameters that will be used in the investigation are the episodes or the attacks of asthma, ranging from mild to chronic conditions. The study is based on the report by the US in 2007, which indicated that approximately 7 % of the American population tested positive during the national asthma diagnosis program (Tersa, 2005). The association or otherwise lack of it will be able to explain the growing number of asthma cases from the time of the diagnosis. Study design There are various possible options of study design that can be applied to this study to establish the relationship between the two variables. One of the options is to conduct a qualitative interview among the target population, focusing on the vital parameters. The second option is to conduct a qualitative questionnaire with open ended questions that allow the respondents to provide genuine and flexible descriptions. In the questionnaire and the interview methods, the structure and content must take care of the ethical values that the society upholds to avoid legal challenges arising from gross violation of privacy rights (Troy & Beringer, 2006). The third option is to conduct a systematic observation from the affected population groups. The optimal design of the study is the use of questionnaires, since the nature of the research requires the consent of individual respondents in form of writing. From the questionnaire, the responses will be the guideline for analysis, data interpretation and representation to derive accurate conclusions. Justification of the design choice Out of the three research designs, the optimal method is the use of a questionnaire, by virtue of the consent requirement and the documented evidence of data source in writing. The questionnaire is a flexible tool that provides confidentiality of the respondents. It enables the respondent to express responses that could otherwise be difficult to express verbally, as it is in the use of qualitative interviews. Observation does not apply in such a case since it leads to a collection of questions and prejudiced information. Again, observation provides room for assumptions that may mislead the research process. In the case of interviews, it is difficult to collect accurate information since most of the respondents may not be willing
The late colonial fiction frequently turns to rural motives. This tendency can be utilized to prime the development of the story or to serve as a secondary plot device. However, most commonly it is used for aesthetic purposes – to enhance the immersion, create a vivid image, and flesh out the characters. Interestingly, the countryside is portrayed in different ways in most works. For instance, the short story The Camellias by Kim Yujŏng presents the reader with a peculiar blend of down-to-earth aesthetics and subtle humor complemented with Freudian motives. The protagonist, a son of a tenant farmer, is being bullied by his neighbor, the daughter of a bailiff called Jomsun. 1 What constantly eludes him yet becomes immediately evident to the reader is a motive beyond the girl’s gradually more persistent attempts – her sexual longing for the protagonist. This clumsiness and short-sightedness are secondary to his dismay with the potential damage of property – the rooster belonging to their family who is being repeatedly beaten by the stronger and bigger neighbor’s rival. In other words, he is portrayed as a responsible, hard-working individual who is strongly bound by the restrictions of the village hierarchy and the responsibilities laid on him by the conditions of rural life. Most prominently, this can be seen when his boyish ambitions of seeing his rooster winning the fight after being imbued with chilli water clash with the daily responsibilities and lose as he decides he cannot “afford to skip the wood gathering”. 2 In a similar manner, the countryside is describe