ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Leadership is often associated with the business world. However, it has been acknowledged that it is crucial in any field and in any aspect of people’s lives. Healthcare is one of the fields where leadership is essential, as it has a positive impact on patients’ healing process (Laschinger, Wong, Cummings and Grau, 2014). It is necessary to add that there is sufficient theoretical framework that can enable healthcare professionals to choose the most appropriate leadership style. Slavkin (2010) states that strict and rigid leadership styles are becoming less effective and modern healthcare professionals prefer transformational leadership styles. It is important to stress that contemporary researchers focus on emotional and personal aspects of leadership. Thus, Laschinger et al. (2014, p. 7) note that resonant leadership is one of the most effective types of workplace empowerment. The researchers define resonant leadership as “a relationally focused leadership style” that includes “visionary, coaching, affiliative, and democratic approaches, whereas dissonant styles include pace setting and commanding” (Laschinger et al., 2014, p. 7). The researchers stress that resonant leadership styles enable leaders to create the necessary atmosphere in the workplace and decrease the amount of nurse turnover, which is essential in the period of significant shortage in nursing professionals. It is noted that healthcare leaders facilitate lower incivility and greater job satisfaction, which positively affects patients’ wellbeing and quality of services provided. Laschinger et al. (2014) note that relationships between healthcare leaders and the rest of the staff is of paramount importance for creating the value. Slavkin (2010) also notes that proper interpersonal relationships are crucial for creation of the appropriate atmosphere in the working place. The researcher provides brief insights into development of leadership approaches and states that command and control leadership styles are becoming less effective especially in healthcare setting. Healthcare field is characterized by high pressure and significant workload. Clearly, additional stress in the form of rigid control and numerous commands forces many healthcare professionals less motivated and productive. This is especially true for nursing professionals who have to communicate with healthcare staff, patients and their relatives. Many nurses do not handle the pressure and there is a high rate of turnover. The researcher emphasizes that effective leaders have to be more attentive to needs and expectations of the staff. It is also stated that relationally loaded leadership is important
Any society can be compared to a living organism that gets born, grows and changes according to the time, environment and processes that go on internally. Any group of people has their own beliefs and regulations which are backed up by history, traditions and culture. In any society there are people who get their opinion widely known and they are sometimes called visionaries. For the past twenty years, society has experienced many rapid changes, and thinkers and writers often offered their opinions, as to what is going on under the surface and where the present world is going to be in the future. All societies have intricate traditions and structures with work and leisure time. One of the oldest activities that people are engaged in is sports or any kind of physical games. Steve Craig, in his book titled “Sports and Games of the Ancients” looks at how societies view games and how they are comprehended personally and socially. One of the important points is that each society has a form of games that are played publicly, for people’s entertainment. Socially, it says several things, as the population is very multifaceted. Primarily, it is that people need a form of entertainment that can be watched live. People are interested in seeing other fellow human beings in action and the key feature of the sport which is its unpredictability makes the viewing even more exciting and desired. The unique nature of games is very original because it cannot be fully predicted and people are drawn to that (Craig 1). Comparing to the television, where people are playing out formed scripts, games are much different. Even though previously, in the early days, there were games and the need for them, people’s interest and commercialization have grown immensely at the onset of television and other mass media. This led to people wanting more and expecting sights that were non-existent before. It begs a question of why do people really need entertainment and what would happen without it. It is a part of human soul and emotional existence, as without it, people would have work and duties that are a part of the routine and not feelings. A close connection to the pleasures of life is explored by Deborah Blum in her book “Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the Science of Affection”. Just as people need mass and public entertainment, they need affection and love. This is one of the starting points in life and it very much sets up the rest of a person’s development. It is interesting that the way a person will feel about themselves, others, their ability to be in public places, feel confidence and connection to people; all these things get influenced by how the infant and child are treated. She mentions Harry Harlow who did experiments with monkeys and was rather successful. The experiments proved that baby monkey sometimes needed affection and “warmth” of their mother more than food. This and other experiments, as well as the views of Deborah Blum reiterate the fact that people need love and any society must have he
Like another superpower of today, the United States, Ancient Rome relied on immigrants to reinforce its dominance. Interestingly enough, many of them came from former slaves, according to Mary Beard in Meet the Romans (00:14:14-00:14:52). Beard talks about how slavery for those kinds of immigrants acted as a form of apprenticeship (00:14:14-00:14:52), allowing them to make valuable connections and learn relevant skills for future life. Thus, the definition of being ‘Roman’ was less about where someone was born and more about making use of the opportunities one gained from entering the city – even if it was “builders, prostitutes, peasants” or the slaves as mentioned above (Beard, 00:15:02-00:15:25). This mix of people from all around made Rome what it was, the city of diversity with immigrants from the bottom socio-economical layer to the top. While often entering the city as slaves, the immigrants of Rome were given the opportunities to succeed in life. From Mary Beard’s description of immigrants’ lives in Ancient Rome, the experience seems similar to immigrants coming into New York City for the first time. Rome was, like New York has been for years, a ruthless city that absorbed and spat out people on the daily. The immigrants gained the opportunities to support the Empire’s growth while having a better life than they would have had at home. This is incredibly similar to the appeal the US has to immigrants today and in recent decades. Although now many border-control laws limit immigration flow into the country, foreigners who decide to settle in the United States are still the country’s backbone. Citizenship, the recognition by law as a part of the country, seems to have been more easily attainable for those on the lower socio-economic levels during the Roman Empire times. Today, the immigration process is unnecessarily difficult for foreigners, especially those that are underprivileged. To reiterate, the need for immigration in modern society seems to have remained the same, yet the country’s desire to accept those with a lower social status has decreased. Work Cited Beard, Mary. “Meet the Romans with Mary Beard (1of3): All Roads Lead to Rome” . YouTube, uploaded by Melan Mendo, 2015.
Introduction Marriage is a phenomenon that has existed throughout human history and appears in a variety of literatures including sociology, anthropology, cultural studies and legal studies among others. It is a phenomenon that has evolved through different definitions that attempt to fit the concept in particular circumstances. The two prominent views that have emerged are the conjugal view and revisionist view (Girgis, George & Anderson, 2010, p.246). According to conjugal viewpoint, marriage is the joining together of a man and woman in order to make a lasting and exclusive commitment of the type that is intrinsically fulfilled by bearing and bringing up children together. On the other hand, the revisionist view considers marriage as the union of two people who commit to love and care for each other romantically and to sharing the challenges and gains of domestic life. Such differing views emerge from extreme debates that question the changing nature of marriage. Therefore, this paper argues that marriage in the modern world does not depend on a legal definition only, but also depends on alternative justifications. In as much as the worldviews on family life have changed, marriage still refers to a social, psychological, sexual, emotional, religious, economical and legal fulfillment and the fundamental values of marriage still holds. Values cherished in the modern world Arguably, the aspects that were valued in the traditional marriages have not lost any significance in the modern world as many people tend to think. In most societies across the world, it is generally accepted that it is good for children to be reared in stable close partnerships and that these partnerships would provide adults with personal accomplishment. The regularization of such stable partnership in some areas has been channeled through marriage, though marriage universally is a massively varied phenomenon (Probert, 2009). For instance, there is no common agreement over the number of parties required in a marriage; who should select partners for marriage; whether or not the rearing of children is the core idea of marriage; or the appropriate age for marriage. Indeed, in culturally diverse societies, it is hard to describe the nature of marriage that might be true for couples. Although the religious notion of marriage dominated in the tradition world, it has not lost m
ALDI ALDI is able to provide customers with the most cost-efficient choices because of the company’s reliance on exclusive brands. However, this approach to following the low-cost strategy is associated with some risks and crises for this retail chain. The problem that ALDI often faces is the necessity of realizing recalls of products because of quality or packaging issues, among others. Despite the set standards for the quality of produced goods, ALDI follows the cost-saving strategy to guarantee that their products will be offered at the lowest prices in the market. In 2016, Combos Cheddar Cheese Snacks, Sundae Shoppe Dipped Sundae Cones, and Deluxe Whole Cashews were recalled because of the potential presence of peanuts not mentioned on the package. In 2017, food items were recalled because of inappropriate packaging and the undeclared presence of milk in some products ( ALDI ). The reasons for recalling products in 2018 included mislabeling, the presence of allergens in some items, and the presence of Salmonella in rolls and E. coli in meat. ALDI’s mission Mission and Vision ALDI’s mission statement is “From our Test Kitchen, and Twice as Nice Guarantee to award-winning products and fresh produce, ALDI does things differently to bring you amazing products at low prices” ( ALDI ). The company’s vision is to apply the cost-effective approach in order to help customers save their resources and do their smart shopping while choosing ALDI’s exclusive brands. Furthermore, the company guarantees the quality of its products to address customers’ needs and expectations. Financial Perspective The first financial objective for ALDI is to reduce costs that are associated with supply chain relationships. The second objective is to increase ALDI’s market share in the grocery market in such regions as the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States. These objectives can be seen as oriented toward reducing costs without affecting the quality of products and services as well as toward increasing revenues. The measure for the first set objective is the percentage by which the costs related to the company’s supply chain relationships will reduce in 2019. In addition, the measure for the second objective is the percentage by which the market share of ALDI in the UK, Australian, and US retail grocery markets will increase by the end of 2019. The other measure related to the second objective is revenue growth. These measures are effective to demonstrate whether the objecti
Introduction The environment is the set of all things, both living and non-living, that are found in a given locality. Interdependence among elements in an ecosystem has led to misuse of the environment by human beings calling for regulations to protect the environment. Environmental law refers to the set of regulations that have been established to govern interactions between actions of human beings and natural aspects of the environment, to reduce negative impacts of human activities on nature. This paper seeks to discuss environmental laws. The paper will look into legal establishments that have been made under environmental laws such as statutes, regulations, and treaties on environmental laws. History of environmental law The history of environmental law can be traced to the seventeenth century. Governance of territories at that time called for rulers to establish rules for the smooth running of their jurisdictions. In some regions of Carolina, for example, regulations had by the end of the seventeenth century been passed to ensure the safety of living organisms in the environment. In the year 1671, a regulation was passed by the colonial authorities in Carolina prohibiting the pollution of water bodies that could be harmful to live organisms that inhabited the water bodies. The regulation provided that a person who “cast into any of the creeks, streams or inland waters of this state any impurities that are poisonous to fish or destructive to their spawn” (SCDHEC, n.d., p. 1) would be liable to face the law. The need to protect organisms in the environment, to preserve the environment as well as make the environment safe for the habitation of both human beings and other living organisms has led to the institution of measures that target to regulate the usage of the environment to avoi
Background Information Sales promotion is another communication tools that marketers use. It is a short tactical marketing tool that gives customers additional reasons or incentives to purchase. Sales promotion can over added values to the customer at the point of purchase, which is referred to as sales pull strategy. Moreover manufacturers can also direct promotions to the trade often referred to as a sales push strategy. The main objectives of sales promotions are to encourage trial of products, extend the existing customers base, and promote customers to change the brand, generate bulk buying, overcome seasonal dips in sales and to encourage trade to stop the product. Sales promotion proposal The products, which are selected for sales promotion, will be condoms. Introduction Condom use is one of the best methods for slowing the growth of sexually transmitted diseases and for reducing unwanted pregnancies. Unfortunately, far too many young people use them inconsistency, because of embarrassment of making the actual purchase combined with the cost of the condom itself. One recent research effort indicate that traditional condom sales promotions are not successful as they could be, traditional approach is a free condom giveaway in conjunction with an event, or at booth set up by family planning or disease preventions agencies. Unfortunately one free use does not lead to a consistent buying pattern. Methodology of the sales promotions First, the coupons will be designed to meet the value, which the customers may expect. This will be by informing the drugstores attendants about the sales promotion campaign. Recruiting several assistants who will help in executing the sales promotion shall follow. The sales promotion will involve placing coupons which will be well printed and with clear information in drug stores and other locations, where the customers will be able to see them immediately they enter the point of purchase. After the customer sees the coupons, will be inspired to purchase. Coupons for condoms located at the purchase site (display) are more readily noticed. This sales promotion shall be conducted in the city of New York during the summer holidays of 2008 Further I will make sure that coupons are of high value, so that customers may be attracted to redeem them. Moreover, males are likely to take time to examine the coupons and make the purchase. I will also make sure the prices are less prohibitive by offering a coupon based discount, so that a great number of condoms shall be purchased on time or at least the customer will make a repeat purchase when the need arises again. Ethical issues Some drugstores attendants may not like the coupons for condoms to be placed at their stores. For instance this can expected if the owner of
Introduction To address the issues of unsafe employee actions, it is necessary to devise a strategic safety program. Even though the subject of workplace safety is currently widely discussed, the problem still lacks sufficient research, as well as a comprehensive strategic program. This initiative would include an outline of the focus of the program, description of the nature and role of safety, health, and wellness, and an explanation of the integration of the strategic safety program into the company’s overall Employee Safety, Health, and Wellness policy. Unsafe Employee Actions The strategic safety program presented below is focused on pinpointing the main issues related to unsafe employee actions. The basic purpose of the program consists of developing methods of upgrading employees’ knowledge regarding workplace safety and designing the necessary training programs. Thus, unsafe employee actions would be minimized and easily manageable. The emphasis of this safety program is put on working with employees’ perception of hazardous activities, unsafe behavior, damage control, and the significance of potential repercussions, thereby upgrading their knowledge and ensuring their workplace safety. Ozer (2013) indicates that a strategic safety program should be closely tied to a wellness initiative program, as they largely depend on one another (para. 1). Therefore, the focus of the presented safety program is to reduce workplace fatalities, injuries, illnesses, as well as to promote a healthy lifestyle, thereby improving the well-being of all employees. Eliminating unsafe employee actions is an essential part of the strategic safety program, as it is clear that even when an employer ensures safe working conditions, it is not always enough to guarantee the employees’ safety. According to Vinodkumar and Bhasi (2010), safety programs should focus on conducting safety employee training that allows for improving the employees’ safety knowledge, compliance, and motivation (p. 2082). Thus, the strategic safety program outlined below emphasizes the aspect of training as a crucial part of eliminating unsafe employee actions. The purpose of the training is to address the issues of corporate culture that promotes workplace safety. It is necessary to provide the employees with the possibility of putting forward their proposals regarding the issue, as well as to create a necessary psychological environment and atmosphere that encourages and promotes workplace safety. Nature and Role of Safety, Health, and Wellness To present the strategic safety program it is necessary to explain the nature and role of safety, health, and wellness. The notion of workplace safety includes protecting employees from work-related accidents, injuries, and illnesses. The protection involves reducing the factors contributing to the development of musculoskeletal
Introduction The development of human society has always been characterized by fast changes and integration of various spheres of activity. Thus, at the modern stage of its development, mankind has reached the stage when marketing, formerly perceived as a purely business concept, is used by governmental organizations to handle the issues of public services. The case under analysis is an important source of data on the topic of the use of marketing in operating governmental agencies and public service providers. Background Therefore, the main idea behind the selected case is the analysis of how a governmental unit can apply marketing concepts and principles to succeed in providing public services of improved quality. More importantly, the case illustrates how a governmental agency with a damaged image can resort to the help of outside sources, i. e. marketing techniques and skills, to restore this image and avoid similar issues in future. Case Analysis Relevant theories Thus, the first relevant theoretical approach that can be applied to the case study of WCEPA is the idea of the four Ps of marketing developed by Kotler et al. (2009, pp. 56 – 57). According to these authors, the four P’s that include the ideas of product, price, place, and promotion, form the so-called marketing mix, i. e. the set of means an organization has to affect its market position and make customers consider and purchase its goods and/or services. In the context of developed use of marketing principles by governmental agencies, as argued by Batley (2004, p. 15) and Bolman (2003, p. 50), these four P’s become increasingly important. This happens mainly because it is difficult to agree on the ideas of public services and business in the public mind. Questions answered Based on these theoretical views, it is possible to see that the external environment of Sanger, the person appointed to restructure the image and operations of WCEPA looks completely different from the environment of business environment. The main difference lies in the direction of WCEPA’s work, as business entities implement marketing mix to retrieve profit, while Sanger has to revive WCEPA using the mix but without any notions of profit. Accordingly, this controversy of “non-profit” or public marketing explains the logic behind the 16 rules Sanger adopted. Their major idea is avoiding unreasoned actions and remarks, committing actions only with a complete certainty about their result, and the ability to admit one’s mistakes before the media do it for the public service official. Needless to say, Sanger agreed on a substantial pay cut when she took the position of WCEPA executive, but this choice granted her three sources of power inaccessible to a business executive, i. e. position power, information and expertise, and control of rewards (Bolman, 2003, p. 194). Using this power, Sanger can implement a rewards and punishment system in WCEPA, train employees in the areas o