ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Distance learning (distance education) is one of the fields in education that deals with teaching methods using technology with the objective of delivering teaching without face to face contact between students and their instructors. In most cases this system is based on individuals, along with students who are not able to physically attend normal classes. People have described it as being a process of creating as well as providing “access to learning when the source of information and the learners are separated by time and distance or both” (Moore& Kearsley 2005). Courses in distance learning that need physical on-site presence all times including exam times are called hybrid or blended courses of study. Distance learning dates back as early as 1728; in the 19 th century, the process relied on postal services. Distance learning degrees however seem to have been initiated by the University of London. It established its external programs at around 1858. To date, this program is called ‘University of London International Programs’ and it has expanded so much to an extent that it includes postgraduate programs. In United State, distance learning programs were initiated by University of Chicago. In the recent times, there have been developments in the field of distance education, as technology has moved the system from postal services to advanced communication technologies like instructional media projects. However, the most advanced technology that has really boosted this field of distance learning is the development of computers and internet. These two technologies have ended up making distributions and dissemination of information much easier and faster. Uses of distance learning Distance learning is mainly used in adult education particularly those in rural settings. It was mainly used for short courses in helping farmers as well as small scale business people to learn new technologies. However, this has remained being the most common use of distance learning in the current times. Distance learning is also used in providing K-12 education. Distance learning is gaining application in the pre-University age group education in the U.S. This is used as program enrichment as well as ongoing communication projects. Due to these programs, middle schooled students are getting advanced courses for which their local schools lack enough resources to offer. Distance learning has also gained usage in disabled and homebound persons. This group of people might be having some difficulties in travelling to attend traditional classes. Such people receive their education while in their homes. Distance learning is also being used by those who are not native speakers of a particular language. This is particularly due to high rates of human migrations which have made many people to live in areas whic
Abstract Muslims make up 25% of the world population and according to their religion, Islam; their diet is restricted. The Quran outlines specific regulations regarding halal meat. Muslims follow strictly the requirement that all meat meant for their consumption must be halal. The market trends in the world need to understand halal meat in order to increase sales in areas occupied by Muslims. Muslims are not allowed to buy meat which is not halal as this also contravenes the teachings of the Quran. Whenever a consumer who is a Muslim visits a supermarket, the first thing he or she checks in the meat products is whether the products have the halal mark or not. This paper describes the methods used to verify halal products and the process followed to ensure meat is halal . The paper also seeks to establish why the Muslim religion and culture insists on the consumption of halal meat by its members. Introduction The religion of Muslims guides them through rules known as Shariah laws. Islamic law is outlined in the Holy Quran and Hadith which is the practice recommended by Prophet Muhammad. Eating for Muslims is considered as part of worship and every Muslim is required by the Shariah law to eat halal meat. The general guidelines for halal were adopted by a subsidiary body of Food and Agricultural Organization and World Health Organization known as Codex Alimentarius Commission. Its purpose was to protect consumers’ health and ensure global food trade was done fairly especially in reference to the requirements for halal .All halal meat has to be labeled as
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of a country’s economy. It consists of all goods and services that are produced by a country for economic purposes. The GDP is considered as an appropriate yardstick that indicates a nation’s growth rate as well as the economic health of a given nation. In the United States of America, the GDP is considered as all the services and products that are produced by the Americans as well as U.S. companies. The United States of America quarterly GDP in the year between 1950 and 2011 was on average 3.28%. The highest increase was of 17.20 in March 1950 and the lowest GDP growth that has been recorded was -10.40 recorded in March 1952. The recent economic recession slowed down the U.S. economy to a low of -5.0. Nevertheless, the U.S GDP has started growing considerably from the Federal stimulation packages. Moreover, the recent quarterly increase in the GDP can be associated with an increase in the consumption from the savings. U.S.A GDP in the year 2010 was $ 14.7 (Amadeo, 2012). The GDP
Dear Sirs, The problem of the lack of primary schools in the area has recently become a point of wide discussion. Students have problems with getting to school and have to get up much earlier in order not to be late for the classes. This issue raises some problems with children’s inability to get to school, their becoming unsociable, and their parents’ subjecting them to homeschooling being the most critical ones. First of all, children who live far from school have to take a school bus to get to school. This often causes resent among the parents for some children who have been enrolled in primary schools are no more than five years old. Most parents do not allow children of this age to even walk the streets by themselves, let alone sending them to school on a bus. Parents usually try to make sure that their children boarded the bus when they send them to school, but not all of them have a possibility to pick them up after the classes. Older children usually get to the bus station by themselves; this sometimes may result in their “missing the bus and having to get to school some other way,” (Katz & Chard, 2000, p. 70) which is rather dangerous. This is not the only problem caused by the lack of primary schools in the area. Another problem is that children who live far from school often become unsociable. They are deprived of almost all the possibilitie
Executive Summary This report is a sourcing plan for McLaughlin and Harvey in its cement procurement strategy. Key sections of this document show that five operational areas of the company’s procurement framework will be the basis for the company’s sourcing plan. They include the roles of procurement and supply, application of cost-reduction techniques, inclusions for future company contracts, selection of effective suppliers, and additional aspects of the supply or purchase system that may require negotiation. This analysis will be useful in improving five key areas of the procurement and supply chain, including (but not limited to) driving value through procurement and supply systems, developing contracts, managing expenditures, sourcing essentials, and negotiating procurement and supply activities. Negotiation is a critical instrument outlined in this document to develop the sourcing plan and is useful in improving some of the rights that stakeholders wield in the larger procurement and supply model. These rights are quality, price, quantity, time and place. Key recommends made in this report highlight the need to employ effective negotiation skills to improve the current sourcing plan. This way, the company could realise several benefits, such as improved quality and quantity of concrete purchases, lower prices of concrete, and reduced delivery times for the same. Effective Negotiations This report is a sourcing plan for the procurement of cement, which is a strategic and tactical area of spending for McLaughlin and Harvey (MCLH, 2017). Its activities are mostly concentrated in the planning and development of residential and commercial properties (MCLH, 2017). Procurement and sourcing is an integral part of the company’s operations and is largely responsible for its success and longevity. Notably, procuring building materials is central to the organisation’s activities because it is one of the most significant areas of expenditure for the company. Concrete is in a category of materials used in the company’s construction projects and is instrumental in the completion of construction projects. In this report, I demonstrate that McLaughlin and Harvey’s current procurement plan is flawed because it is outdated and does not reflect the realities of the current procurement environment. Consequently, it poses different risks to the company’s operations, including supplier bankruptcy, natural disasters, political changes, and technological shifts, which, if left unaddressed, could disrupt its overall operations. However, adopting effective procurement and supply practices could prevent such an occurrence. This report presents a sourcing plan for the future requirements of the organisation’s procurement framework for cement. It highlights five critical issues that form the basis of the company’s procurement and supply plan. The first one is the role of procurement and supply in managing this area of expenditure, including how these r
Introduction The term naturalism describes a type of literature that uses scientific principles in its study of human beings. Naturalism is more of a philosophical position in which characters are studied through their relationship with their surroundings. According to naturalistic writers, human beings are ruled by their instincts and passions and by forces of heredity and environment. One of the major naturalist writers of 19 th century America is Stephen Crane. Stephen Crane (1871-1900) was strongly influenced by naturalism, and his writings show a great respect for environment as controlling force. Stephen Crane’s The Open Boat revolves around four shipwrecked men: the captain, the cook, the correspondent, and the oiler. Nature is the main character in the story because each of the four men tries hard not to make it angry or to disturb it. The men would ask the sea for mercy, pleading with it to let them pass safely. The story is about coming to terms with the harsh universe. Thesis: In his short story “The Open Boat” Stephen Crane expresses naturalism through three characteristics: portraying nature as all powerful, showing the sea as uncaring and by making use of natural things as animals and birds as metaphors and similes in his prose. Discussion Throughout th
Quotes Analysis King Lear , act 1 lines 310-320 (Shakespeare, 1605). Cordelia falls out of favor with her father after the sisters show their false loyalty to him. The passage is psychologically extremely interesting because it emphasizes the combination of honesty of heart and intense mental suffering intertwined in Cordelia’s character. She says she sees right through her sisters, but despises them so much that she refuses to name their hypocritical sins out loud. In this martyrdom, the special nobility and sincerity of the character of Cordelia is manifested. A separate noteworthy passage in the second act of King Lear is the third scene, which presents the monologue of the minor character. Edgar is a prince slandered by his brother, forced to flee the castle, pretending to be a vagabond. His monologue is extremely dynamic and tells another story of betrayal, which is one of the central themes of the tragedy. The theme of the fall of the human spirit and the forced abandonment of normal life seems to be a fascinating and even romantic motive that can be noticed in the monologue. “O Aeolus! For to thee the King of Heav’n” is the appeal of the goddess Juno to the god-lord of the wind with a plea to take revenge on her sworn enemies and sink their ships (Virgil, 29). This fragment seems quite emotional due to the amount of anger that is felt in the inexhaustible desire to take revenge on the Trojans who destroyed Carthage, the city that worships her.
Introduction American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a professional body that is exempted from taxation. ASCE was founded in 1852. It provides “essential values to members of the civil engineering profession globally” (American Society of Civil Engineers 1). The professional body has over 140,000 members. It is also “the oldest national engineering society in the US” (American Society of Civil Engineers 1). ASCE’s mission is to “provide essential value to its members and partners, advance civil engineering, and serve the public good” (American Society of Civil Engineers 1). ASCE relies on several strategies to fulfill its mission to stakeholders. These include the promotion of “professionalism and the engineering professions, usages of advanced technology, development of leadership in civil engineering, emphasize continuous learning, and encourage infrastructure and environmental stewardship” (American Society of Civil Engineers 1). The major areas of focus for ASCE are many. These include the design and development of bridges, airports, dams, interstate highway systems, skyscrapers, and railways transportation. Also, ASCE also provides services related to wastewater treatment, sanitary landfills, solid waste management, water supply, transportation, and distribution. The institution also has a large library of various publications in the field of civil engineering. These include books, journals, and magazines with different information about technical aspects of civil engineering. ASCE also runs some institutions for professional developments among its members. ASCE also has sponsorship programs for spectacular works in civil engineering. Moreover, the institution has identified certain landmark constructions to serve as wonders of the civil engineering profession. Planning ASCE uses a strategy management process under its Board of Directors, who gets assistance from the Strategic Planning Committee (SPC) to identify and plan its operations (American Society of Civil Engineers 1-7). The process of planning involves the following stage. First, ASCE normally studies its environment to identify strategic issues. The aim is to note important factors and trends, which could have significant impacts on the profession, engineers, and ASCE. These are factors, which the institution needs to tackle to serve its stakeholders effectively in a diverse environment. Second, ASCE applies a ‘radar screen’ as a way of sorting out the most pressing issues in the civil engineering profession. These issues must be “within the ASCE mission, must have the greatest impact on the profession and the institution, and ASCE must have abilities to deliver them effectively” (American Society of Civil Engineers 1). The radar screen links ASCE with the issues at the grass root, as well as a way of providing feedback to stakeholders. ASCE categorizes issues within the radar screen based on high-priority issues, which are under its mandate and funding and issues that the society concentrates on but ASCE
Developing the characteristics of a perfect literacy teacher is not an easy task; it requires both the ability to interact with students efficiently and the skills of analyzing the results of these interactions, thus, enhancing students’ motivation through gaining their interest and helping them realize the benefits of having certain skills and knowledge. A literacy teacher is, therefore, supposed to both help students acquire literacy skills and promote the principles of lifelong learning among them, seeing how language is prone to changes, and so are its rules ( Excellent reading teachers , 2000). By providing detailed information about the role of the RTI in the process of teaching students the basics of literacy, this course has enabled me for promoting literacy among students and shown me the ways in which literacy skills could be taught to students in a very efficient manner. One of the key insights that I have gained in the process of learning about the role of the RTI in shaping the responsibilities and strategies of an expert literacy teacher concerns the fact that learners are not
Introduction Music has a strong impact on the social life of youths and children. Due to the advances in technology, many miniature gadgets allow children and youths to listen to music without any restrictions. Thus, parents and older generations do not have control over which songs their children and youth should listen to. There are different types of popular music genres in America. Some examples of modern popular music genres include rap, country, pop, rock, and R&B. The goal of this paper is to analyze how drugs are represented and discussed in popular culture through music lyrics. To achieve this goal, the paper will be divided into three sections. The first section will constitute an analysis of several songs on how they address the drugs problem among the youths and children. The second section will be an analysis of two articles that address music and drugs issues. Finally, the last section will be conclusions drawn from the analysis of this subject. Songs addressing drugs problem Most popular songs in America tend to glorify alcohol and drugs. Instead of putting drugs and alcohol in a negative light, most of the modern popular music ganger put alcohol and drugs in a positive light. Several songs associate drugs and alcohol with humor, sex, and partying. This section will discuss several songs and how they address the drugs problem. “Tequila makes her clothes fall off” is a country song copyrighted in 2005 by an individual singer (Wiggins, 2005, Track 3). The artist is praising an alcohol brand name tequila. The artist creates a lot of humor when describing how someone behaves after having taken tequila. Throughout the song, the audience is encouraged to drink this brand because it creates more fun than any other drink. Drinks like Smirnoff, Bacardi, and Champagne are used in the song to see that Tequila is a good drink compared to them. This brand is described as one that will make someone go out of his/her senses and do extraordinary things which will make him/her wonder what has happed the day after. The artist seems not to be worried about how the brand is misleading someone, but goes ahead and praises it on how it creates fun. This song is glorifying alcohol and in particular, the Tequila brand. “Billy’s got his beer goggles on”is another country song copyrighted in the same year by an individual artist (McCoy, 2005, Track 3). The artist is trying to portray how drugs temporarily fix our problems through the feelings they create after taking them. Billy, the person who is being referred to in this song, forgets his worries and problems after smoking and drinking. He feels good and this temporarily fixes his worries, but it does not solve any problem. The artist is trying to create a picture of how alcohol and cigarette are useful in times of stress and other personal problems. It makes someone enjoy many things in the bar like what Billy was enjoying. For instance, he could dance in the bar, yet at home, he could only picture problems. He could also laugh at many things happening in the bar and the only thing which could make him feel bad was when someone spilled his beer. This indicates that the artist is trying to encoura
Any agreement between businesses or individuals in which both parties agree to some terms is called a contract (Liuzzo, 2010). The agreement can take three forms such as oral, written, or implied. This analysis will dwell on oral contract. According to Liuzzo (2010), Oral contracts are contracts made by word of a mouth. That means that two parties make a verbal agreement in order to accomplish a given transaction. When one party to a contract fails to honor terms of an agreement, there is a breach of contract. The following is an example of a breach of an oral contract. Suppose, a restaurant owner and the tomatoes dealer verbally agree that the tomatoes dealer should deliver two boxes of tomatoes after two days at 9.00 am. The restaurant owner is to pay $30 for the product when delivered. However, it happens that on the day when the tomatoes are to be delivered, there is a spectacular rise of the tomatoes price in the spot market. Due to this rise, a box of tomatoes sells at $30. The tomatoes dealer resorts to sell his tomatoes on spot and, as a result, fails to deliver the promised order to the restaurant owner. However, the restaurant owner wanted two boxes of tomatoes in his restaurant. Thus, the restaurant owner is forced to buy two boxes of tomatoes in the market on that particular occasion for $60. The restaurant owner, therefore, seeks for legal advice at this stage after the tomatoes dealer failed to honor the agreement. Rights of the restaurant owner The owner of the restaurant has the right to claim for compensation due to the breach of the contract by the tomato dealer. The tomatoes dealer breached the contract willfully. The restaurant owner will demand money for compensation to what he would have enjoyed in case the tomatoes dealer faithfully delivered the two boxes as had been initially agreed (Martin, 2006). The value of money that the restaurant owner can claim will be given by the difference between what he paid for two boxes on the spot market and the amount of money he would have paid in case the tomatoes dealer honored their agreement. The owner of the restaurant has the right to demand for other expenses that he might have incurred during the replacement. Such expenses may, for instance, be the fare used to reach the market to purchase the tomatoes. Types of damages Direct damages The owner of the restaurant suffered this direct harm as a direct consequence of the breach of a contract. In the above example, this is equally to the difference in price calculated above (Liuzzo, 2010). Incidental damages Thes
Introduction Waste can be defined as unwanted or useless materials which are supposed to be discarded because they have no use; the large amount of waste in today’s environment can be directly attributed and linked to human activities are either technological, economical and social ( Melfort p.8-9). On the other hand Hazardous waste can be defined as waste which has the potential to adversely threaten human health life or the environment within a very short period of time due to their toxic nature. Hazardous wastes are not ordinarily supposed to be released directly into the environment but rather disposed by very special techniques that are scientifically tested and proven to neutralize their effects (Murphy 45). The aim of this essay is to take a critical look how certain regions/nations have put into place legal mechanisms that are supposed to stop the act of importation and in particular dumping of hazardous materials such as nuclear wastes. The Bamako convention is one such treaty that has been instrumental in securing African countries from being dumping ground of hazardous wastes that are imported from foreign countries. The composition of dissimilar waste depends on time, the nature of the industry and even location and hence this is why some waste can be considered as very dangerous while other are less dangerous. With rapid industrial development and innovation in the busines