ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Decision-making during a fire is greatly affected by both overloads of information and limited time. In the following paper, the way these two factors might influence the one who makes a decision will be discussed. First, discussing the way decision-making during a fire is affected by such factors as an overload of information, it should be stated that this factor is one of the most important in such a situation. It often happens that firefighters appear in the situation when they have vast territory for work with, many people who may be in the dangerous area, and an abundance of electronic communications switched in different places. All of these factors should be considered properly because they affect the lives of people. For example, it happens that at times firefighters could not timely identify all the places where electric lines are switched on. As a result, they may fail to switch off some electric lines which may result in the death of people in this sector. Being injured on the reason of switched on electricity is one of the often reasons of death among firefighters. To make a relevant decision during a fire, the specialist should ask himself a number of questions:  1. Is the roof in the affected building stable?  2. Who should be removed from the building first?  3. How complicated is the situation of injured people, and who of them needs help as soon as possible?  4. Is it reasonable for fire firefighters to stay in the affected building if the situation is getting too dangerous?  5. Whether the currently present crew of firefighters is enough for coping with this fire?  6. Whether the secondary search for possible victims is done effectively which means that firefighters may leave the scene if it is necessary? These are the principal questions that need an urgent answer. Of course, such an overload of information is a great difficulty for the one who must make a decision. Unfortunately, people sometimes make serious mistakes under such great pressure. This means that firefighters need regular training directed into improving decision-making despite the overload of information. Next, limited time is also a factor that makes decision-making during a fire complicated. Firefighters know that every single second during a fire is important for saving people’s lives, health, and propriety. For this reason, they have to act urgently. Such urgency is often a reason for a poor level of decision-making quality. This, in turn, leads to more problems during a fire. Finally, limited time and overload of information have even a greater impact in combination. In real situations, these two factors are hand in hand with each other, and they both influence the person who is to make decisions. Knowing that human lives depend on a properly made decision, the chief of a fire fighting team should act oper
The main function of the mitochondria is to enhance energy production through respiration (Kluge, Fetterman, & Vita, 2013). Impairment of the organelles has a major influence on processes that are in need of energy like neurodevelopment, which can result in conditions such as autism (Giulivi et al., 2010). Giulivi et al. (2010) assert that there have been no studies to evaluate abnormalities and dysfunctions of mitochondria and or their DNA abnormalities among autistic children. This research work will express various results of mitochondrial defects in children with autism via an already done experiment. Furthermore, the results of the experiment will be compared to the health or disease states of the children affected with autism. According to Giulivi et al. (2010), the study involved children from the renowned CHARGE- Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment study. The method that was used to get the results were accomplished through taking and examining the blood cells, particularly the white cells. The blood samples were used to evaluate the dysfunctions of mitochondria and DNA abnormalities with a focus on the lymphocytes from ten autistic children and ten controls. The results meant that abnormal mitochondria of the lymphocytes in autistic children were due to many outcomes (Giulivi et al., 2010). Some of them are low pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-PDHC-activity that was accompanied by low levels of lactate-to-pyruvate ratios and an enhanced rate of production of hydrogen peroxide by the mitochondria. Furthermore, there were impairments of complex I alone or in conjunction with other complexes, and outstanding evidence of deletion and/or over the replication of the mitochondrial DNA. The study findings mean that dysfunctions of the mitochondria cannot only amplify but also propagate the dysfunctions of the brain, which are present in autistic children. That is because there were increased levels of mitochondrial DNA defects in post-mitotic tissues that have high demands of energy such as the brain. Functions of the mitochondria are essential for the normal functioning of the nervous system since those organelles play a major role in organelle dynamics, importation of proteins as well as apoptosis (DiMauro, 2011). However, the main thing with the nervous system is respiration as far as the mitochondria are concerned. The brain is always in need of energy through aerobic activity and cannot function through the process of anaerobic respiration. In this study, the mitochondria that were
Introduction I will use this paper to focus on the merits and demerits of Garmin Connect, which is a type of a technology applied in sports. The purpose of this paper is to succinctly analyze Garmin Connect with regard to its benefits and shortcomings while comparing it to some other technologies that are applied in sports. The paper will also aim at arguing for the use of the technology in the contemporary world that is characterized by a high level adoption of IT tools. My belief is that Garmin Connect and other sports technologies have positively impacted sports across the world by ensuring that people participate in sporting activities more conveniently than in the past. In the modern world, people want to closely monitor their physical activities so that they could be sure that they are benefiting. One of the merits of the technology is that it can be applied in many sports such as swimming, biking and hiking, among others (Kessler, 2011). Second, it is used to store the correct data with regard to training in the field. The data help in making judgments about progress, which could be essential in making adjustments aimed at achieving better results. Third, the application has the potential to give the right statistics of sporting activities of an individual based on data analysis. Fourth, Garmin Connect has the merit of sharing all fitness activities of an individual on the internet (Garmin, 2014). Some of the drawbacks if the technology is that it cannot work in the absence of stable internet connections and it requires some specialized devices. In addition, it may require some expertise with regard to IT applications (Kessler, 2011). Brief description of the history and reception of selected technology Garmin International, Inc. is credited with introducing the technology. The firm was started in 1989 in Kansas. However, the first name given to the company was ProNav’s, before it was renamed to Garmin (Garmin, 2014). The history of the business establishment shows that it grew from a very humble beginning, which was characterized by just one product in the market. The GPS product that was intended to increase connectivity among users was sold at $2500. It was in the early 1990s that Garmin got the first of its main consumers of its innovative product. The customer was the US Army. It was estimated that Garmin had made sales of about 3 million GPS devices by the start of the millennium. At the same time, it was producing over fifty diverse models of its product. When it was offered to the public in 2000, Garmin was selling its products in over 100 countries across the world, with about 1205 workers, most of who were deployed in the US market (Garmin, 2014). The technology is the latest product adopted by the c
The impacts of globalization and technological development are notable. Generally, different societies and categories of people react uniquely to these technological developments. Presently, it is observable that the high application of contemporary technology has led to various consequences. People within typical societies are able to note that merits and disadvantages brought by the advancement in technology. Ideally, there is a remarkable distinction between generational approaches to learning technology (Clark & Mayer, 2008). This perception is actually real and notable within the present world. Even within the native digital populations, individuals react uniquely towards technology. Consequently, this affects its acceptance and ultimate application. Several real life instances can be used to evidence or support this conception. For instance, even in school or learning environment, certain learners appear more reluctant to learn about and adopt particular technology. There are specific categories of persons that are more easily influenced and attracted by new technology. These personalities love the adventure of experiencing novel technology. A typical example is the high rate of acquisition and use of smart phones. Producers of major cell phone brands are involved in a heavy competition. The fundamental objective is to provide phones that meet the high technological demand from the potential consumers (Selwyn, 2011). The generational distinction in the appreciation and application of technology can be noted within many families. Personally, I like the idea of changing electronic gadgets persistently. This practice enables me to discover and apply the recent technology and applications available in the market. Contrarily, my parents depict the character to technological reservists. They are more reluctant to accept and practice new technology. Observably, the youth are more daring and are ready to adopt and learn about any new technological innovation. Most elderly persons are not agitated to practice the highly advanced technology. This obvious difference creates the generational gap experienced in technological use. Even within most current organizations, several digital immigrants are confronted by significant challenges. It is a notable
There are several theories of motivation that has been proposed. One of the main theories is the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. Maslow’s hierarchy theory is a theory on human motivation that was proposed by Abraham Maslow. This theory categorizes human needs into different levels. There are some levels where some are more fundamental than others. The satisfaction of these needs can significantly affect the performance of an individual. The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs can be presented in a form of a pyramid. Maslow identified four needs, which are usually referred to as deficiency needs. These include security, friendship and love, esteem and the physical needs. Maslow insisted on satisfaction of the basic level of needs in order for an individual to be motivated. Later, the Alderfer modified and reduced Maslow’s five levels of need to three categories; existence, relatedness, and growth (Kondalkar 2007). According to the Maslow’s theory, a person first seeks to satisfy their needs that include foot and shelter. Every person will tend to satisfy these needs initially. Once these needs are satisfied, an individual will move to the next level and from that point the physiological needs cease to be a motivator. Other needs require to be satisfied in order to motivate an individual. After satisfying these needs, an individual moves to the safety level. In order for the employee to be motivated, they need to be given the necessary security. For instance, employees will need to be provided with protective clothing in order to protect them from dangers while performing their duties. Employees are also motivated by security for their employment. Employees will tend to work harder if they are promised security for their jobs. An organisation also needs to assure the employees that they won’t lose their payment in case of sickness. Another important level of needs, according to Maslow’s theory, is level of social needs. People would like to work with a person or colleague who can offer support for their work and also provide enco
M&S is one of the UK’s leading retailers headquartered in Westminster, London. The company management is committed to making every moment special for customers through selling high-quality own-brand clothing, home, and food products. Although primarily based in the UK, M&S sells into 57 countries from 1,463 stores and 20 websites around the world (M&S, 2018, p. 1). More than 80,000 workers are employed to serve more than 30 million customers (M&S, 2018, p. 1). Despite unstable economic conditions, in recent years, M&S recorded tremendous success has become the most preferred brand by the consumers because of focusing on product quality and value for money. Nowadays, however, revenues of Food and Clothes & Home sectors are down due to new global competitors that have grown market share. Currently, the company is committed to a program of transformation to fulfill the potential of the brand and deliver high-quality products to customers. The NEXT retail chain was launched in 1982 when an exclusive collection of stylish clothes and shoes for women was presented in the first seven shops. Nowadays, NEXT is a UK retailer headquartered in Enderby, Leicestershire trading from 500 UK stores and 200 stores across Europe, Asia, and the Middle East (NEXT Plc, n.d., para 2). Having overtaken M&S, NEXT Plc is now the largest clothing retailer in the UK. Approximately 40% of NEXT Brand stock is provided from its global supplier base with suppliers from 18 different countries (NEXT Plc, n.d., para 8). NEXT Plc also sells non-competing third-party brands and issues four LABEL catalogs a year. The company management is committed to offering clothing and homeware products of beautiful design and high quality that provide outstanding value to meet and exceed the expectations of customers. Comparison of Method, Policies, and Presentations All the information used for further discussion has been taken from annual reports of both companies for the year 2018. According to the consolidated income statement presented in the annual report of M&S, its total revenue after adjusting items is £10,698.2m, and the net profit is £29,1m (M&S, 2018, p. 77). For NEXT Plc, the total revenue after adjusting items is £4,117.5m, and the net profit is £591,8m (NEXT Plc, 2018b, p. 5). For M&S, gross profit is £4,047.3m, whereas, for NEXT Plc, gross profit is only £1,356.2m. Current liabilities of M&S include trade and other payables, partnership liability to the M&S UK Pension Scheme, borrowings, derivative financial i
In the past, different societies used varied tales to educate the society as well as children on different matters affecting humanity. Besides, they used narratives to warn children against engaging in some activities that could compromise the established social norms. Little Red Riding Hood is a narrative used to warn the children against revealing their secrets to strangers. The narrative tries to show the children the dangers of associating with strangers (Lang, 1891). Later, Matthew Bright came up with a film version of the same narrative. In spite of making significant changes in the narrative, the film propagates a theme that is somewhat similar to the theme of the initial oral version. The wordings in the different versions of the tale might be different. Nevertheless, all the versions convey the same message though in different ways. There are both oral and non-oral versions of Little Red Riding Hood . Generally, non-oral and oral versions of any tale differ significantly. While both versions may try as much as possible to bring out the same theme, the characters in both versions might differ as well as significant changes appear in different scenes. Moreover, some of the scenes in the oral version might differ from the scenes in the non-oral version. There are significant differences between the Freeway (1996) film by Matthew and the Little Red Riding Hood narrative by Charles Perrault. One of the differences occurs with respect to characters in both the tale and the film. Perrault uses the title of the narrative as the name of the main character in his narrative while Matthew uses Vanessa as the main character (Wratislaw, 1889). Besides, according to the narrative by Perrault, he uses wolf as the other character while Matthew coins up a character by the name Bob Wolverton who is a serial killer (Preston, 2004). Significant disparities between the two versions appear with respect to their plots. According to the narrative by Perrault, Little Red Riding Hood’s mother requests her to visit her grandmother and, she prepares some cakes for her. On the way, the girl encounters a wolf, which she tells it all about her grandmother. The wolf plays a trick against the girl and gets to her grandmother’s house before her. On the other hand, Matthew’s plot is very different. According to the film, Vanessa decides to go to her grandmother after suffering in the hands of her cruel stepfather and prostitute mother. After her foster parents are arrested, she vows not to live under foster care again. She stills a car and on her way to her grandmother’s house, the vehicle breaks down forcing her to look for assistance (Bright, 1996). Bob offers to help her. Vanessa sees him like a good person and she confides her secret about her sick grandmother. In the middle of their dialogue Bob reveals his deviant side and he attempts to kill Vanessa who declines to give in to his demands. Vanessa draws a gun that his boyfriend had given her earlier and shoots Bob severally rescuing her. The shooting incidence lands Vanessa in prison while Bob is treat
Modern and dynamic Atlanta, Georgia, adheres to the fashionable high-tech style in its architectural forms but at the same time, it maintains its historical roots, as well as unique charm and elegance. For instance, in Midtown, famous Atlanta’s skyscrapers and low-rise buildings are included in the urban fabric on equal terms. The intertwinement of the past and modernity in Atlanta’s Midtown has always been a lure for me. Therefore, a city block on Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown was selected for the ethnographic research. Specifically, the chosen city block on Ponce de Leon Avenue is bounded by Myrtle Street and Penn Avenue (Appendix 1, 2). As distinct from these tree-lined streets, the greenery and community landscape of Ponce de Leon Avenue in this block are very scarce. Electric power lines are supported by poles that look some ramshackle against the background of skyscrapers that are distinctively visible from this block. The impression is exaggerated by saggy electrical wires. Furthermore, street lamps designed in the style of the 1960s enhance the atmosphere of the past. However, although the city block seems to be almost the same as it was many decades ago, first impressions revert to the reality of a contemporary metropolitan city due to colorful graffiti-covered edges of pavements, as well as heavy traffic in this district. Numerous cars are parked at the side of Ponce de Leon Avenue. During the observation period, several buses (routes 2 and 120) operated by the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) were noticed. The regularity of buses testifies to the efficient transport connection between this part and other Atlanta districts. Nevertheless, unexpectedly, in this city block, the bus-stopping lane is not supplied with bus stop shelters, thus, posing discomfort to waiting passengers. Within two-hour observation, different categories of passersby, both grown-ups and children, walked down the street. They did not resemble time-sensitive busy persons that are typical of Midtown’s district of skyscrapers. For ethnographic research purposes as recommended by Guest (2013), I contacted two people and asked the way to the nearest hotel. They willingly explained to me how I could get there. Some people passed the street without stopping; others came into the restaurants or Poncey Laundry and Dry Cleaners. Many amenities are located in this city block. On both sides of Ponce de Leon Avenue, in one-storey brick buildings, there are
Introduction According to President Barack Obama, climate change is here and has considerably negative effects on all aspects of human life (Liptak, Mullen & Cohen 2014). Not surprisingly, environmental protection remains an issue of global concern for the U.S. Despite the security implications inherent in the global climate change, it is wrong to believe that environmental protection has always been part of the U.S. foreign policy. Nor is it possible to say that the environmental priorities incorporated into the U.S. foreign policy are equally effective at the domestic and global levels. The analysis of the U.S. foreign policy where environmental issues are concerned is a good way to understand the direction and effectiveness of the entire policy landscape. At present, the U.S. foreign policy in the context of environmental protection and climate change is far from being effective, mostly due to the presence of numerous players and stakeholders, poor motivation to improve the environment, as well as the lack of coordination across the multiple efforts to slow down and eventually contain the global climate change. Foreign Policy and Environmental Protection: The Case of U.S. Foreign policy is one of the strategic aspects of political decision making in any country. Harris (2002, p. 4) defines foreign policy as “the goals that the nation’s officials seek to attain abroad, the values that give rise to those objectives, and the means or instruments used to pursue them.” Foreign policy implementation is a complex process, which encompasses numerous elements, players, stakeholders, models, and approaches. In this context, the environmental elements of the U.S. foreign policy deserve particular attention. On the one hand, the United States remains the most active environmental polluter in the world (Harris 2002, p. 5). The emissions contribution made by the U.S. to global warming surpasses that of any other country in the world (Harris 2002, p. 5). With one-twentieth of the global population residing in the U.S., the country is surprisingly ahead of its major competitors in environmental pollution, being responsible for one-fourth of the world’s harmful emissions (Harris 2002, p. 6). On the other hand, any success in the U.S. foreign policy landscape, particularly in relation to environmental protection, is likely to become a positive example and a strong motivation for other states to pursue the same path (Harris 2002, p. 6). Unfortunately, in the past years, the U.S. was not effective in its environmental attempts. It is possible to say that the negatives of the U.S. environmental decisions abroad overweight their positives. Interestingly, the public support of climate change as a foreign policy priority rapidly declines. In the words of Goodenough (2013), the number