ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The ideal of romantic marriage dates back at least 2 centuries where it was often in conflict with trends that determined marital choice as well as economic security for women in addition to what they desired of their childcare and domestic services for their husbands (Nussbaum, 1994). However, in the post-modernist culture romantic love is considered no more than a social construction and is seen as a manifestation of human experience of erotic passion (Woodman & Dickson, 1997). It is recorded that erotic love or spirit began with the goddess of fertility during the prehistoric world and was significant in cities such as Egypt and Greece. It is also said that the love goddesses for instance Aphrodite and Hathar of Greece and Egypt respectively had the capacity to enslave and influence human beings with the invincible power of love (Goodchild, 2001). La Malinche and Hernan Cortez are two characteristics who have tried to bring out the role of secrecy in erotic romantic love by taking an in-depth look at different perspectives as concerns the subject matter. The main objective of this dissertation proposal is to look at different ideas as concerns erotic love and to enable individuals especially women to feel confident enough in expressing the glorious mysteries of divine love. Dissertation proposal Jungian Perspective Ancient Greeks perceived the experience of erotic passion as a visitation from Eros, one of their gods concerned with sexual love and beauty (Colman, 1994). According to the Jungian perspective, the erotic spirit is collective unconscious that manifest differently giving rise to common patterns of behavior as well as experience. When these collective conscious is active, they exhibit distinct and strange characteristic, which are referred to by Jung, a psychoanalytic writer, as numinosity (Woodman & Dickson, 1997). This is a quality found in spiritual awe whereby an individual feels fascinated and griped by unexplainable power. Juangian perspective of erotic romantic love suggests that it often makes an individual to experience unexampled passion whereby no matter how hard one tries to resist it, he/she cannot break free. This can also be clearly seen in the love between La Malinche and Hernan Cortez where reference is made of La Malinche as being the container of women’s most dreadful and sinful secrets of love (Goodchild, 2001). This collective unconscious can either be instinctual or spiritual and neither can be reduced to the other. The connection between Eros and sexuality, according to Jung, describes the instinctual part of the collective unconscious despite there being more to eros than just sexuality (Woodman & Dickson, 1997). Even though sexuality is perceived as a powerful urge, erotic spirit or erotic romantic love is more divine-related. Jungian perspective or erotic romantic love suggest that the fatal compulsion an individual experiences is capable of existing when one is in love or not in love (Nussbaum, 1994).
Introduction The southern company is one of the largest producers of electricity in the United States and it is located in Atlanta. Having commenced its operations in 1949, the company supplies energy to a wide range of consumers in the US from its wide network of plants across the nation and involves both the competitive and regulated markets in the southern United States. The company operates hydroelectric, gas, coal, and nuclear generation sources to generate electricity. In order for the company to operate successfully, it balances the shareholders interest, customer’s interests, and the community interests, as well as engaging in social responsibility activities, for instance, Ronald McDonald House, American Cancer Society, Salvation Army, and Council for Aging (Southern company, 2003) Various governmental agencies used to oversee the energy sector A country’s energy supplies are important in energy planning; hence, policies are implemented in order to control the consumption. The southern company is in itself very wealthy and its services to the customers are very efficient and affordable. According to Corporate Responsibility Lines to Everyone (2010a), “President Obama announced that the federal government would guarantee $8.33 billion in bank loans to Southern Company (SO) in support of its bid to build a pair of reactors in Georgia, subject to approval by the Nuclear Regulatory Council.” This proves that the government of the united state is concerned about energy production and the funding of the southern company is a contribution towards the cost of producing energy by the government. Generally, the Federal State determines the energy policies in the United States in the consumption, production, and distribution of energy. Therefore, it is very important for a government to identify and provide financial aid to such aspiring companies. Moreover, the southern company is an environmental company, which in the process of implementing the use of natural gases for the environmental safety’s sake. Environmental impacts when assessing various energy plants According to an article by Haynes (2006), the southern company joined 5star program partners, which helps develop better stewardship of the environment by providing funds to conserve the environment. In this case, the southern company vice president of research and environmental affairs indicated that, “The funding Southern Company and EPA provide for the 5 Star program will build new and strengthen existing relationships with our environmental partners across the Southeast. It also will give our employees the opportunity to engage in environmental stewardship projects and improve the communities where they live and work” (Haynes, 2006). The company’s environmental initiative involves increase of efficient energy and the reduction of air pollution. The company also promotes the use of fluores
Aristotelian Theory of Dreams Dreams and dreaming have been the point of discussion in philosophy and psychology since as far back as the Hellenic times. At that, Aristotle, the most prominent student of Plato’s, is credited as the genius to build the foundation for the modern psychology of sleep. Despite the fact that Aristotle mainly relied on the knowledge of his time in his descriptions, he explained the basics of dreaming in the terms that are widely accepted to-date. Being by nature a person with a thirst for empirical knowledge, Aristotle had a prolific scientific career and wrote 170 works in 40 years (Hunt, 2007, p. 30). Among those that have survived up to the present, his theory of sleep stands out. Although he was mistaken in his assumption that a person only had dreams during deep sleep, his contribution set a direction for further studies in this field. Most obviously, he allocated the non-divine nature of dreams and the fact that dreams did not predict the future. Further, he stated that a person’s dreams were affected by the experiences they had during the day. Importantly, Aristotle maintained that some non-significant impressions were likely to pass unnoticed when the intellect was in full function during the day and subsequently manifest themselves during the nighttime (Windt, 2015). The discovery of diverse stages of sleep, particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, changed the Aristotelian understanding of the process. As said, his assumption that dreams only occurred in deep sleep was wrong: most vivid dreams are likely to happen in REM sleep, which is superficial (Windt, 2015). Another change of Aristotle’s paradigm brought by the discovery of REM sleep was the attitude towards sleeping. Aristotle described sleep as a helpless state of deafness to the world. This negative attitude was followed by other philosophers up to the 1950s. The discovery of REM sleep stopped the radical division of sleep and wakefulness, defining dreaming as the third state of mind (Windt, 2015). Thus, it would be true to say that many of Aristotelian conceptions were abandoned with the development of psychology. On the other hand, there are several aspects due to which his theory is relevant today. When Aristotle tried to answer just how a person can see dreams when their vision is not functioning, he established the involvement of three intrapsychic concepts: sense-perception, consciousness, and imagination, regarding the first one as fundamental (Ierodiakonou, 2011, p. 51). Perceived by the senses, the images were propagated into the consciousness, as stated above. The consciousness acting together with imagination, as per Aristotle, retrieved the extruded experiences into the canvas of the dream. Today, psychology accepts sense-perception as the ultimate cause of dreams. In addition, the process of propagation of, so to say, unimportant daily experiences and further retrie
Introduction A considerable amount of scholarly work has been done on bullying in learning institutions and places of work. Bullying at work place takes place when a worker experiences unrelenting forms of maltreatment from his or her colleagues. Bullying can cause physical and psychological pain to the victims. Workplace bullying encompasses, but is not limited to physical, verbal, and emotional abuse (Huston, 2013). This unvoiced scourge in nursing is characteristically encouraged by the need of bullies to have a total control of a person (American Psychiatric Association, 2009). This literature review discusses bullying of new nurses by their senior colleagues as a significant challenge in the nursing career and proposes some strategies for dealing with bullying. Literature Review on Bullying Causes of Bullying Although the word nursing denotes caring and compassion, nurses are not immune to harassment from doctors, workmates and physicians. There is a classic saying that “nurses devour their young,” and various survey results have confirmed this statement. According to a research conducted by Farrell, nursing is one of the most demanding careers because a nurse has to endure many challenges such as dealing with emotional problems, long working hours and working in precarious environment (Farrell, 2009, pp. 534-536). A study by Steven points out that bullying is a multifaceted occurrence that is facilitated by many factors at the workplace (Steven, 2009, pp. 189-190). Junior nurses are particularly vulnerable to various forms of harassment. Nurses promoted to other divisions are also common targets for tormentors because they are envied by others. Although many factors may make a nurse harass others, most bullies are encouraged by a sense of dominance, anger and jealousy. According to Smith, some of the factors that can create unfriendly work environment include poor working environment, insufficient recruitment, and unproductive administrative approaches to problem solving (Smith & Singer, 2010, p. 175). Incidences of harassment are hardly reported by junior nurses since they admit that unfriendly work environment is widespread in all places of work. In an investigation by Anderson, approximately 50% of the participants observed workplace harassment and did nothing to impede it; thus, allowing the aggressive worker to further bully others unchecked (Farrell, 2009, pp. 538-539). Another study that was carried out by Rosenstein revealed that approximately 70% of bullied nurses also observed or were victims of a form of child mistreatment or intimate spouse violent behavior. Moreover, “survivors of abuse reported more workplace violence than non survivors of abuse, especially at an earlier stage in their nursing career” (Rosenstein, 2011, pp. 26-28). Consequences Huston contends that
Subject: Insubordination Backbiting is common amongst public officials. However, instances of backbiting should be absent amongst senior military officers because such instances would be directed to civilian leaders and the president. In his comments printed in the Rolling Stone Magazine, McChrystal criticized President Obama’s administration, including Karl Eikenberry (The United States ambassador to Afghanistan and Richard C. Holbrooke (special envoy) (Los Angeles Times, 2010, para. 1). McChrystal says that President Obama appears to be intimidated by top military leaders. This depicts an act of insubordination towards President Obama’s administration. In addition, Stanley McChrystal breached the US military law. As a result of insubordination, McChrystal will have to fight for his career. The issue raised by McChrystal should not have been exposed within the public domain since it is a matter of international security (Los Angeles Times, 2010, para. 1). Purpose of visual image The cartoon shows General McChrystal, US commander to Afghanistan, pointing at his badge while emphasizing that he acquired his position through merit. This is evident in his ‘I got this for service’, ‘I got this for bravery’ and ‘I got this for courage’ comments in the cartoon. Such comments depict an individual who has succeeded in his career. This is true in that McChrystal is widely credited for defeating al-Qaida through a series of operations in Iraq. Another cartoon depicts McChrystal with a black eye. McChrsyatal comments ‘I got this for criticizing Obama.’ The idiom ‘giving something or a person a black eye’ is figurative of damaging their reputation. In addition, a black eye depicts damaged reputation, shame and dishonor. In this article, General McChrystal’s reputation as a respected military commander is damaged. His capacity to be trusted in faithfully executing the US agenda in Afghanistan is questionable after such insubordination. In the extreme scenario, President Obama may consider firing him.The cartoon also shows McChrystal having large ears. This depicts McChrystal’s capacity to challenge his boss. Tone The tone of the cartoon is one of criticism. The ‘black-eye’ shows a damaged reputation and hence intense criticisms of McChrystal’s comments by Obama’s administration. His comments were totally inconsistent with the expected relationship that should exist between the military and the country’s Commander-in-Chief. In an interview, General McChrystal says that he feels disappointed and betrayed as the country’s ambassador to Afghanistan. Context of the cartoon The cartoon does not have any form of bias. D
Introduction This report focused on George Williams, a 76-year-old man who was born and raised in Compton, California. George was the third-born son of Jerome Williams and Mary Adams. He had four siblings; three sisters and a brother. At age 5, his parents separated and several months later his mother started to live with another man. This incident had a huge impact on his life. Despite all this, George and his siblings were raised in the church. Their mother worked hard to ensure that they had enough to eat. She also ensured that they went to schools to have an education, an act that kept them away from drugs and violence. At 76, George says that a lot has changed in the city from culture to technological advancements. This paper critically analyzes these changes from his point of view. Ethnography through Life history George says that he has witnessed a lot of change in Compton from the time he was a child up to the present day. First, the number of people who are in the city has increased. According to him, the city is more congested than it used to be before. Also, the proportions of the populations have changed. In the early days, the majority of Comptons population was composed of Latinos. Latinos are still the largest population group in the city but people from the black community have increased in number (Scott 144). Many outsiders have the misconception that the majority of people in Compton are from the black community. This can be attributed to the fact that they are more successful than the other individuals in the community. A lot of famous athletes, actors and rappers from the black community come from Compton. “The culture of the city has also changed through the years,” George says. When he was young, people had respect for each other. There was respect among individuals of the same age and more respect was given to older people. Children used to respect their parents and other people in the community. Currently, it seems like that respect is gone. The young people do not have any respect at all. They call their parents names, rarely help old people with their groceries and most of all they do not respect God. George, his siblings, and other children in the neighborhood were raised in the church. They knew the word God and lived according to the rules of the bible of being righteous and having love and respect from each other. On the contrary, most children of the generations that followed did not pass through the church hence they do not understand the need for religion. That is why they live in crooked ways because they do not have guidance from the lord. This has resulted in teenage pregnancies, drug abuse, prostitution, poor marriages, rise in crime and a lack of love and respect for each other. The new generation has failed in being righteous. The rates of crime and drug abuse have increased with time. This is d
What is “culture”? Hofstede as cited by Belshek (n.d) defined culture as “…the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group from another” (p.2).On the other hand, Craig et al as cited by Washington State University (2012) defined culture as “…the total of the ways of living built up by a group and passed on from one generation to another” (p.1). It is critical to note that both Hofstede and Craig et al seem to perceive culture from a unique and uniform set of ways or behaviors that distinguish one set of people from another and that are transferable from a group to another. Why do you consider your region (sub-Saharan Africa) a “cultural realm”? To grasp the concept of “cultural realm,” it is fundamental to understand a “culture region”. According to Montgomery County Community College (MCCC) (2012), a “culture region is a portion of the earth’s surface occupied by populations that have recognizable and distinctive cultural characteristics” (p.1). MCCC (2012) defines a cultural realm as “…a set of culture regions showing related culture complexes and landscapes grouped…” (p.1). Some certain social norms and expectations are widespread among different communities living in Sub Saharan Africa. These norms that are similar among the different communities can be used as a basis for defining Sub Saharan Africa as a cultural realm. Among the Sub Saharan Africans, the concept of initiation from childhood to adulthood is widely practiced in different forms amongst different Sub-Sahara
Introduction This paper is about a leader that I admire. I have chosen to discuss Sheikh Mohammad of Dubai. Sheikh Mohammad was the ruler of Dubai and prime minister of the United Arab Emirates and is considered by many as one of the most prominent leaders in the history of the Arabic nation. With his highly talented personality, he managed to create a very strong foundation for the growth of Dubai. The paper will specifically look at how Sheikh Mohammad exhibited different traits of leadership such as having a vision and drive, leadership motivation, integrity and ability to inspire trust, positive self confidence, competence, and ability to communicate. Each of these traits will be examined separately in the following subsections. Vision and Drive According to Keijzer (3), Sheikh Mohammad was a leader with great ability to successfully implement his vision driven by the desire to change Dubai and make it a great place for the people of Dubai. Allegedly, Dubai was able to rise to what it is today as a result of the power and vigor of leaders like Sheikh Mohammad. As a result, Dubai is today recognized as a center of excellence with a number of international organizations choosing Dubai as the preferred location for various activities. Undoubtedly, its popularity has tremendously grown over the years and it is all because of the visionary leadership offered by Sheikh Mohammad. As pointed out by Keijzer (5), one of the most striking examples of Sheikh Mohammad’s vision was the creation and subsequent growth of the Emirates Airlines. It was Sheikh Mohammad who laid the foundation for that saw the Emirates Airlines become what it is today. One of Sheikh Mohammad’s principles was to lead by example and he would therefore get his followers to accomplish tasks by first leading the way. Certainly, this is a quality that can only be found in selfless leaders who are determined to take followers to a higher level of success. Leadership Motivation To many people in Dubai, Sheikh Mohammad was a down to earth leader who was easily accessible to his followers and often drove around without a huge entourage unlike many other leaders across the world do. As noted by Keijzer (7), he was generally very friendly and this enabled him to greatly motivate his followers. As argued by Mohammed (4), there is no doubt that people should be empowered and rewarded. However, it is equally important for every leader to ensure that followers are listened to keenly. Ostensibly, success only comes when leaders listen to their subjects wholeheartedly. Sheikh Mohammad also strongly believed in the abilities of his followers. Among other things, Sheikh Mohammad ensured that there was an ideal environment for people to be their best. Mohammad also understood the importance of taking time to recognize and reward every outstanding individual in the society. Apparently, motivation is as a result of happiness. Integrity and Ability to Inspire Trust As noted by Langton (3), any responsible leader does not derive power from his or her position. Among other factors, it is a leader’s level of integrity and competence that gives him