ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The number of adult learners continues to increase on a daily basis. Learning opportunities exist in different settings, such as formal institutions and places of work (Fink 19). Adult learners are different from their younger counterparts. Consequently, teaching them has its unique challenges. One of them is frustration and resistance among this group. Project Type and Specific Topic Instructors dealing with adult learners face various challenges in the course of their work. One issue is frustration and resistance from these individuals. Adult students have their own set of expectations and reasons for learning (Galbraith 59). However, they are easily frustrated and become resistant when things do not turn out as expected. Rationale for Choosing the Topic The reason for choosing this topic is because most instructors dealing with adult learners report facing the aforementioned problem when dealing with them. Adult students have different levels of motivations, expectations, and experiences. According to McKeachie and Svinicki, some of them have been out of the classroom setting for a long time (77). Consequently, getting back to school may be an intimidating experience. Within the course of learning, adult students get frustrated and discouraged when they feel that they are making little or no progress. In addition, some resist learning in instances where they do not see the importance of a specific activity. Such attitudes are infectious. Conclusion Adult learners are more sophisticated and experienced compared to young students. Teaching them is both rewarding and challenging. By understanding their needs and behavior patterns, instructors can effectively manage the challenges posed by these learners. Nature of Educational Setting and Program Taught The interview took place within a formal adult learning education center. Students attend classes from Monday to Thursday between 6:30pm to 9:00pm. All the learners enrolled in the institution are eighteen years and above. Their primary aim of attending school is to evaluate their learning experiences. The interviewee teaches composition to these learners. The unit entails teaching different writing skills (Boshier 66). The scholars are taught how to compose essays in both descriptive and persuasive manners. Interview Questions What is the Average Age of yours Students? Most of the students in the classroom are aged between 20 and 30 years. However, a few are in their 50s. In spite of the differences in age, all students are treated in the same way. Respect is of utmost importance. What do you like about your Job? Teachers are happy when they make an impact on the life of their student (Merriam, Caffarella and Baumgartner 54). The educator likes the fact that most of the learners find writing to be interesting and relevant to their careers. Majority of them work for different institutions. As such, they take the course as part of their management program. When learners love a course, teaching becomes enjoyable. What are the Challenges of
Abstract The research involved finding the difference between men and women about body image concerns. The research was developed to resolve the limitations of previous researchers. In the current research, it was suggested that men scored higher on DMS and women on BSQS. The research also established associations between masculinity or femininity and drive for muscularity or body shape concerns and understanding if masculinity correlated with a drive for muscularity. It was suggested that DFM and masculinity showed a positive correlation as described by previous research to understand this association. The research included 700 participants from Princeton University who completed survey questionnaires. 64% of the participants were women, and 36% were men allowed to complete various measures such as the DMS, BSQ, and BSRI for a personality trait. The research used ANOVA and correlation to analyze data, and the results showed that men recorded higher on DMS, while women indicated higher scores on BSQS. Background Research on gender differences in body image concerns and their results solely relied on the adiposity viewpoint. As a result, there has been the belief that men are less dissatisfied or concerned with their tendency of body fat than women who are less likely to diet to lose weight (McCreary et al., 2005). DMS and gender role measures showed men with significantly higher personality traits and the drive for muscularity in the previous study. Contrary to women who showed significant communal traits and acted in a more female-typed manner. In determining the degree for predicting drive for muscularity, men scored higher on the DMS than women on controlling gender behaviors (Gattario et al., 2015). Therefore, higher levels of male gender roles were closely related to the desire to become muscular. Femininity was not associated with the drive for muscularity as there was a lack of interrelation amid feminine-typed behaviors and traits and DMS scores (McCreary et al., 2005). Another finding showed that both men and women showed a similar association between gender-typed behaviors and traits and the drive for muscularity. Similarly, men with more traditional attitudes desired to become more muscular. Men who wanted to be muscular experienced conflict about societal expectations, as they wanted to be competitive, powerful, and successful (Radwan et al., 2019). Previous research had limitations such that the research involved was correlational, which determined only significant relationships’ direction and presence. Another limitation was that the study samples were restricted based on ethnicity and age. Therefore, the current study was designed to address the limitations of McCreary et al. (2005). The study explores the direction of causality in the interrelations amid masculinity perceptions and drive for m
Introduction It is very important for a business to understand the market forces of demand and supply for their products or services. In this case, we have McMansion Pty Ltd, a housing construction firm. The construction industry is somewhat tricky since the demand for housing construction depends on a number of factors. Factors affecting the demand for housing construction  1. Population and the demand for housing: A densely populated region has a high demand for rental homes. This factor will attract investors to invest in rental homes, thereby increasing the demand for housing construction products and services (DiPasquale & William 1994). A high profitability associated with construction of rental homes would further raise the demand for housing construction products and services.  2. Economic conditions and the level of income: Tough economic conditions will decrease the demand for housing construction products and services, whereas, a conducive economy with an increased level of income will increase the demand for housing construction.  3. Construction prices and the prevailing interest rates: The construction exercise is quite expensive and requires heavy investment. The investors will obviously turn to the banks for loans or mortgages. A high interest rate will shy away investors thus decreasing the demand for housing construction (Parkin 2000). On the other hand, a friendly interest rate would encourage investors to lend more monies and invest in housing construction.  4. Government policies: The government monetary and fiscal policies directly affect the housing construction industry. The fiscal policy will determine the amount of money available in the economy while the monetary policy will determine the lending interest rates in commercial banks.  5. The unemployment levels: A high unemployment level would mean readily available human labor. The laborers would be willing to work at lower wages, thus reduced labor cost. From the above discussions, it is noteworthy that housing construction lies in the classification of normal goods. This is because the demand for housing construction products and services increases with an increase in income (Mayer &Tsuriel 2000). The demand for housing construction is highly elastic as a slight increase in the price of construction directly affects the demand for investment in housing. Response to a shock The above factors hold under normal circumstances. However, in the case of a shock to the economy, the trend changes drastically. A shock to the economy would affect the construction in two ways, either an increase or decrease in the prices of construction (Taylor 2001). A shock leading to a decrease in product and service cost would increase demand for construction housing. In this case, the construction industry faces a dramatic increase in labor costs. The graph below shows the changes in the prices and demand for the housing construction products and services. The following actions will occu
Louis Vuitton’s (LV) current market positioning portrays an image of quality products at reduced prices. Market positioning is the image that a brand portrays to the customer. A customer may consider LV products’ prices to have been reduced rather than achieving affordability. The company reduced the price of its products by 7% as a response to the lower priced counterfeits and new entrants such as H&M and Zara (Paul & Feroul 9). The company may market the reduced prices as ‘affordability’ but a stronger impression observable with customers may be ‘reduced prices’. The reason is that 7% reduction of an expensive price does not make the price affordable. The brand’s response to reduce prices was a strategy to benefit from the appreciation of the Japanese Yen against the Euro (Paul & Feroul 9). In that case, it does not lose much if the revenue passes through the exchange rate system. On the other hand, it benefits by creating an image of affordability. The Japanese are likely to increase purchase of LV products because of the reduced prices. Customer sophistication has made highly priced luxury products be considered unsustainable after the global economic crisis. Marketing positioning through quality is one of the images portrayed by the company’s tradition. The company’s traditional brand image is offering high quality products at high prices (Paul & Feroul 5). The company is trying to change the image of high prices to affordability while retaining its high quality image. High quality may not be a unique positioning because the big-sized competitors are also offering high quality products. The only differences are prices and brand loyalty. Competitors are positioning their products as high quality at competitive prices. LV has been forced to lower prices or lose customers to competitors. In addition to quality and reduced prices, the company has chosen new market positioning as a trend setter. The brand’s strategy is to combine Japanese tradition with artistic designs. The Murakami handbags are derived from the Japanese tradition making it popular in Japan (Paul & Feroul 11). It also involves using Japanese artists and managers who have an understanding of the Japanese tradition and culture. Limited editions have the ability to increase sales by a large percentage. When they are launched frequently, the customer may perceive it as a scheme to increase sales (Paul & Feroul 12). The customer may feel that the time used to develop the products is inadequate to develop genuinely unique products. Frequent use of limited editions has resulted in market dilution. The customer may no longer rush to buy the products because there will be another limited edition. Market mix Market mix is a term used to analyze the various choices that a company has taken to place its product in the market successfully. The market is usually analyzed with the 4Ps (Gitman & McDaniel 295). These include product, price, place, and promotion. The current LV’s market mix includes an extension to all products that can be made of leather. It has sought to intensify production of small-sized products. The qualit
Examining social changes occurring in the U.S. at the beginning of the 20 th century, one must admit that the pace and scale gained by the feminist movement were by far among the most impressive ones. By challenging social norms and accepted gender roles, American women transformed the perception of themselves in society, thus, redefining the gender dynamics within it. When considering the legal regulations and policies that allowed for the described change, one must mention the 19 th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. However, the process of enforcing the acceptance of the 19 th Amendment has not been linear and consistent, mainly due to the presence of racism and race-based prejudices in some states. Though the early Suffrage movement lacked diversity and the associated perspectives, it did lay the foundation for the 19trh Amendment despite quite vocal claims against change among some of the more racist Tennessee women, who saw the regulation as the gateway to expanding the rights of African Americans. Remarkably, the arguments that renowned suffragettes introduced in their discussion of the 19 th Amendment varied significantly. For instance, Belle Kearney, while supporting the liberation of women, focused primarily on White middle-class members, whereas Adella Hunt Logan actively promoted the emancipation of women of all races and ethnicities (Hewitt and Lawson 2019). In turn, the perspective that Kearney offered was quite different from those of other prominent suffragettes. For instance, Addams, who also actively encouraged the introduction of the 19 th Amendment into the sociocultural and sociopolitical environment of the U.S., saw it mostly as a “natural extension of household duties” (666). Therefore, the interpretation of the significance of voting for women that Addams offered did not assign a particularly high value to the change. The specified idea of viewing the attainment of the right to vote could be seen as trivializing the tremendous change that the right to vote caused for female American citizens. Therefore, Winslow’s representation of the issue is understandably more popular since the latter insisted on the 19 th Amendment being the opportunity to address the tremendous injustice that American women had been suffering. Specifically, Winslow referred to the change in question as the ethical and cultural awakening of the U.S. Specifically, Winslow explains that significant alterations in the social dynamics are bound to happen once “the President realizes that brutal bullying isn’t quite a statesmanlike method for setting a demand for justice at home” (669). Therefore, the perspectives on the subject matter varied significantly, yet the general idea of change was perceived as tremendously positive Unfortunately, not all women wholeheartedly supported the introduction of t
Employees are considered to be an asset for every organization and that is the reason why they must not be treated appropriately. Sexual discrimination is quite common in organizations and the female employees of Astra Inc. were suffering from the same. There were numerous factors that lead to sexual discrimination in this organization. The appointment of Bildman initiated sexual discrimination in the organization and with the autocratic style of Bildman and his lust for ladies the senior managers and the executives of the organization started discrimination between the trainees. The trainees that were hired were mostly females and most of them reported that they were hired because of their looks. Males were discriminated and a confusing organizational culture was developed in the organization. The result of this action can be disastrous and both the individual and organization would definitely suffer in the short and the long run. After this issue was raised by the employees Bildman got sacked and the other related executives were terminated from this act of sexual harassment and discrimination. The image of the organization was tarnished and Bildman suffers huge fines and losses. This would clearly depict the culture of the organization and fresh trainees might not join the company and this would affect the organization because new recruits might not be willing to work with them. Astra Inc. must incorporate certain policies and procedures in the organization that can stop this problem because sexual discrimination in the organization can cause different problems for the organization. Certain strategies must be devised by the organization and every individual must comply with the rules and regulations of the organization. All the employees including the senior management must be engaged in training and workshops related to sexual discrimination in the organization. Similarly, it must be stated in the employment letter that if an employee engages in sexual harassment or an act of sexual discrimination then he/she would be fired and heavily fined. The issue of sexual discrimination must be discussed openly in the organization and the organization must ensure proper flow of communication. The phenomenon of whistle-blowing must initiate in the organization and whistle blowers must be motivated in the organization that can raise this issue and any mishap that is related to sexual discrimination. Finally, senior executives and the top hierarchy must take this issue seriously and on the other hand employees must feel comfortable in communicating the issue of sexual discrimination with the senior management and training related to non-bias hiring processes must be initiated in the organization
Fiscal Scenario in Australia Three different examinations have already been instated by the Government this year. These studies are expected to bring significant changes to the financial structure of Australia after a very long time. The last financial revolution in the country is dated back to the Financial Services Reform Act in 2004. Ripoll Review Different views are coming in from different sections of the financial industry. The PJC chairman has summarized the precedence for the investigational inquiry. Ripoll thinks that the financial services licensing sector needs immense attention to draw out some conclusive results. Although the industry stakeholders agree that some kinds of reforms are important, they fear that the reforms might just make the system complex and imposes more constraints. Ripoll is confident; he says they’re planning to not only introduce reforms in the system, but to make it simpler and clearer. There are numerous issues prevailing in the industry that the PJC is concerned about. Some of these include understanding of PI and financial advice and tax deductions. Many people are hoping that these issues will be addressed in PJC’s report on November 23 rd (Papandrea, n.d). Henry Review The Henry Review conducted under the Secretary of Treasury is also on its way. Superannuation guarantees and the superannuation preservation of age caught a lot of attention of stakeholders. The Henry Report was released on 2 nd May entitled “Australia’s Future Tax System”, includes 138 suggestions for long term reforms in tax and transfer system. At present, 125 taxes are obligatory by all levels of government in Australia. 90% of tax proceeds are attained from only 10 of these taxes. This has led to a conclusion in the taxation circles to bring in any reforms in taxation the best thing would be to increase these 10 taxes and eliminate all the 115 other taxes. A number of recommendations have been given in the report. Let’s take an overview of the major highlights of the report; Business taxation suggestions An overall reduction in company tax rate to 25%, reduction of compliance cost for small businesses, enhancement of capital allowance allowed for write off of income producing assets, updating
Introduction The work of a patron in painting, sculptures, and architecture is a great function in the development and design of art. The patrons are not just the consumers of art, but the best initiators are mostly having a fundamental command in the content and form of art. As such, patronage functions are proof that any art is an origin of its own design rather than wealth, status, or power. Painting: The Duccio, Virgin, and Child Enthroned with Saints, Maesta, 1308-1311 Sienesegoverement,Duccio di Buoninsegna, 1308-131, Duccio, Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints, Maesta, Tempera and gold on wood, dimensions: 213 cm × 396 cm (84 in × 156 in). The patron was motivated by the need to have all high officers and citizens to honor Christianity. In this course, the patron was responsible for formalized contracts for designing the materials, dimensions, and stipulated costs. As such, much regard is given to artistic participation in the content of the Maestà , or Maestà of Duccio art piece. The patron’s responsibility is best illustrated in the outcome of the sketch and color retained in the paint. Sculpture: Saint Pierre, Moissac, south Portal, CA 1115-1135 Etienne de bage commissioned sculptor Gislebertus, 1050-1057, Interior of Saint Etienne, Vignory, France. It is clear that the patron valued a deep sense of pilgrimage in the photo as well as religion, not to mention the ecclesiastical buildings remodeled to have an expression of Christian-like relief. On the other hand, the secular and religious factors retained in the sculpture portray the patron’s attitude to other residents it the society. The reflection of the largest Romanesque church in Europe unveils the patron’s position for an effective cause. Architecture: The Basilica of Sant’Ambrogio (St. Ambrose) King Louis vii and Suger, Milan, Italy, the year 1099, Architectural style – Romanesque, National monument, Affiliation-Roman Catholic. The artistic architecture is amazing with the best portrayal of that time and the economic code, capitalism. This fact coins the idea that this is the best social diffusion, as reflected by the patron’s use of material and durable goods. The character that
There were two key groups of Native American in the 1930s. They were Algonquian and the Iroquois of New York State. The members of these groups spoke different languages. The Iroquois inhabited the central and the Northern areas of New York State. The Iroquois were also referred to as the people of the Longhouse. A single term that was used to describe the Iroquois is Haudenosaunee. Five groups made up the Iroquois. One of them was called the Mohawk and they inhabited the east. The other four groups, Seneca, Onondaga, Oneida, and Cayuga occupied the western areas of the New York State. On the other hand, the Algonquians occupied the southern areas of the New York State. These areas are the Hunson River Valley and Long Island. The Algonquian group was made up of the Shinnecock, Mahicans, and Lenni (Aguirre & Turner, 2005). In the beginning of the twentieth century, the number of the Native Americans in the United States was approximately 25,000. This accounted for only 0.3% of the population of the Americans during that time. The Native Americans did not have the freedom to establish their own way of life. They were subjected to subjugation because of their race. In the course of the 19 th century, the Native Americans were denied much of their ancestral land. They were forced to relocate to the west, following a series of treaties. The white authority did not honor the treaties that they signed. Before 1924, the Native Americans had no citizenship rights in America. After the territories were distinguished in the United States, the Native Americans were deprived of their civil rights and were regarded as wards of the State. The things that troubled the Native Americans were keeping the legal status of the society, preservation of the e