ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The question concerning Fourth Amendment rights arises often in criminal cases. However, there is seldom a conflict of rights attached. In the case in point, there are several issues which must be considered: in cases of domestic disturbance, who has the right to grant entrance to police; if police enter to protect one occupant, can they case an arrest the other occupant on any charges not stemming from the domestic disturbance call, can one occupant show police evidence of other crimes over the objections of the other occupant and can they then arrest the other occupant for probable cause without a warrant. In this case, the Supreme Court had to decide which rights take precedence and who has the right to allow police to search the premises. In this case, the court’s decision seems quite right, though it might not apply in any other case. The precedent that one occupant does not have more rights than the other is set, but the other facts in this case are not affected. In the case involving Scott and Janet Randolph, the Georgia Supreme Court held that the two occupants had equal rights to allow or veto police entry to the house, because neither occupant has more rights than the other. One dissenting judge held that this ruling will have bad consequences for spousal abuse cases. However, this ruling only applied to whether or not police could charge Scott Randolph for drug charges based upon the evidence found when Janet Randolph led them to it. Therefore, it does not apply to any abuse of the other occupant, but only to the drug charges. It should not, therefore, set a precedent for whether the police can enter to protect one occupant, but only to whether they can arrest the other occupant who disallowed entrance on any charges based upon evidence subsequently discovered while trying to handle the domestic disturbance. The fourth amendment was originally created to protect people from illegal search and seizure within their homes, based upon the premise that a person’s house is his castle and he has the right to protect the occupants and contents. However, since this case involved two occupants, both with legal rights to occupy the premises, the question arises of whose rights take precedence. The Fourth Amendment reads: as follows: “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.” (U.S. Constitution) (Understanding Search and Seizure Law 2008) The decision to be made here is whether the police had probable cause to search for evidence of drug violation and whether or not they made reasonable efforts to obtain a warrant. “Neither the Fourth Amendment nor the federal statutory provisions relevant
Abstract Online gaming has become a principal form of entertainment and communication in the modern digital world. Multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) is one of the major genres, leading with a popular game League of Legends (LoL) which has over 100 million players worldwide. This type of reach and influence is unprecedented for the gaming industry, which companies attempt to capitalize on by creating a competitive environment, e-sports, around MOBAs, and other games. In turn, this helps to grow the game, attract audiences to watch the players similar to athletic events, and ensure a significant level of economic profitability. MOBAs in the digital age have an impact on developing new internet and communicating technologies to enhance the viewing and gaming experience. Furthermore, their economic impact is expanding as the games are generating billions in spending as well as partnerships. Finally, the social impact is profound as the gaming communities grow and more people are engaged with the game, potentially having mental, physical, and social well-being influences. Introduction In the digital age of the 21st century, gaming has become a principal form of entertainment, with multiplayer online competitive games becoming both a social phenomenon and increasingly recognized as a sport (otherwise known as e-sports) (OppenheimerFunds, n.d.). Multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) is a complex subgenre of real-time strategy video games that have become increasingly popular due to the competitive experience and accessibility it offers (Segal, 2014). This topic was selected due to the overwhelming popularity of MOBAs in social circles among young people and their profound cultural effect which is beginning to rival the film and music industries. Gaming is a form of entertainment that utilizes the latest technology to create an immersive experience, the penultimate objective of any media which is to recreate and expand on reality. Online games are consistently evolving and taking advantage of modern technologies to improve the competitive aspects, viewer entertainment, market share, and social benefits in the modern digital age as evident in the example of League of Legends, currently the largest MOBA platform in terms of the player base and viewership. Literature Review Technological Impacts The gaming industry has a highly symbiotic relationship with digital and communication technology. It is both affected and depends on various technologies while at the same time driving the technological development in various spheres as both hardware and software developers rely on the $135 billion that the gaming industry generates annually with a 15.2% annual growth (Fortune Business Insights, 2019). However, a technology that is highly significant for the industry is connection technologies that allow for faster internet speeds such as 5G and fiber optic internet. The era of 5G internet is close as proper telecommunication infrastructure is being implemented fully in the next few years. By extension, this is the promise of 5G gaming which is the future of the industry and consoles. In an increasingly
The provision of qualified medical care to the population, regardless of the social status of patients, is an important condition for a sustainable and ethically developed healthcare system. In case the physician-patient interaction cannot be maintained at a normal level, concomitant problems arise, which adversely affect patients’ health outcomes and the reputation of the medical provider. The reviewed situation at the East Orange General Hospital Clinic shows that the clinic is facing an increasing number of follow-up appointments missed, which is directly reflected in patient health outcomes. This issue can be associated not only with the low social status of the public but also with the absence of productive provider-patient communication. The practical problem requires involving relevant stakeholders to remedy the situation and build staff motivation to provide the highest possible quality of care. As an intervention tool, a PICO question can be utilized. The question is as follows: Can the clinic staff (P) create an adequate educational base for patients (I) compared to the previous communication gaps (C) to reduce the number of follow-up appointments missed (O)? Impacts of the Problem and the Stakeholders The problem of the large number of follow-up appointments missed affects both patients and the clinic. According to Hickey (2021b), performance assessment can identify the quality of medical services and identify gaps in the practice of a healthcare institution. When losing patients, the clinic in question cannot count on achieving high results of work and loses its credibility among the population. To remedy the situation, targeted work with personnel is imperative. Smith (2000) highlights the relevance of involving internal stakeholders as parties that can influence change for the better from within. As internal stakeholders, one can cite the physicians and nurses of the clinic, as well as office managers. These parties are responsible for educating patients about the need to complete full courses of treatment and interacting with patients remotely to promptly remind them of the need for follow-up visits, respectively. Low-income patients who make up the target audience are external stakeholders. Due to the costs of insurance and other services, many of them refuse follow-up visits, which, in turn, affects their health outcomes negatively. Stakeholders Analysis The involvement of both medical and administrative staff is an adequate solution to address the issue raised. According to Hickey (2021a), the involvement of nursing employees in improvement initiatives is important because they interact with patients regularly and can communicate the necessary nuances of care in an accessible way. Physicians are also responsible for the quality of healthcare services, and their r
Introduction Chinese civilization of the Middle Ages was one of the most advanced in that historical framework. By the time of the Crusades, the Chinese already used gunpowder, printing press, and paper. Their knowledge in natural sciences, astronomy, medicine, and mathematics defined the high advantage of China if compared to Mediaeval Europe. There are many explanations for such historical particularities: China was considered to be an isolated state for centuries as it’s geographically protected by mountains in the west and desert in the North and its geographical position guaranteed relative protection from the invaders. Moreover, the Chinese didn’t experience any religious domination which could prevent the society from gradual development, unlike Mediaeval Europe where all spheres of life were subordinated to regulations from the side of the Catholic Church. Nevertheless, in many cases, the remoteness of China was the main reason for its failure in the wars against the Mongols and Manchus dynasty, as in the times of Empire’s decline, famine, or troubled times it became very vulnerable for the invaders. Chinese culture and society after the invasion by Genghis khan After the invasion of China by Genghis Khan in the 13th century, Chinese culture and society, in general, were experiencing a decline. The decline of China during these years can be explained by the decline of nationalism, national culture, and humiliation of the Chinese as an ethnic group. The further revolts against Mongols were mainly caused because of the discrimination policies towards Chinese and mainly because of discrimination towards Han Chinese. Mongols changed the Chinese system of government and administration giving the most miserable positions to the native Chinese. The highest official positions were taken by Mongols who were assisted by foreigners, Chinese role in the official hierarchy of the Yuan Dynasty was minimal. Such conditions created a favorable environment for the growth of patriotism and a national sense of dignity among unsatisfied native Chinese of different social statuses. Many historians consider that this was the main reason which led to peasant revolts and the failure of the Yuan dynasty. But the opinion of such historians as Joseph Walker, for example, diverges with general opinion. He writes that the main reason for the rebellion was the ove
The term ‘data’ covers the combination of raw facts stored in a database. The data acts as an interface between the machine components and the human components. A database consists of the operational data and the information about data (Connolly & Begg, 2003). Therefore, data must be organized in a meaningful way in order to get the required information. In this light, the following paragraphs explain the hierarchy of data in relation to a video store database. A computer arranges data in a hierarchy that starts with bits and bytes and processes to fields, records, files, and databases (Stair & Reynolds, 2006). A bit is the smallest unit of data which can be combined together to form a byte. As illustrated in Figure 1, a byte represents a single character (letter, number, or another symbol). Consequently, Laudon & Laudon (2006) outlines that; a field is a grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number. A group of related fields, such as the video title’s number, the name, the actor, the director, the runtime and the year of production, constitutes a record; a group of records of the same type is called a file. Furthermore, a record describes an entity, which can include a video title. On the other hand, an attribute is a characteristic of an entity; for instance, the video title’s director. It is also essential to have a key field that exclusively identifies other records in the database; in this example, title number is the key field. In a video store database scenario, the video records in Figure 1 could comprise a video title file. The video titles included in this example are: The Matrix, The Shawshank Redemption and The Dark Night (The Internet Movie Database, 2009). More so, at the highest level, a database can be realized. Stair & Reynolds (2006) states, “a database is a collection of integrated and related files” (p. 93). Thus, the video title file illustrated in Figure 1 could be grouped with files on video store members, rentals, category, and certification; to create a video store database. Figure 1. The Data Hierarchy Title#  Name            Director   Actor    Cat. #  Runtime  Year 1001    The Shawshank   Darabont,  Robins,  2       142min   1994         Redemption      F          T                              1002    The Matrix      Wachowski  Keanu,   1       136min   1999                         , A        R                              1003    The Dark Night  Nolan, C   Bale, C  2       152min   2008 Title#  Name        Director   Actor   Cat. #  Runtime  Year 1002    The Matrix  Wachowski  Keanu,  1       136min   1999                     , A        R                              In conclusion, Information System effectiveness depends on how data are stored, organized, and accessed. As a result, it is important to have a clear view of the data hierarchy which is comprised of bits, bytes, fields, records, files and database. In essence, each component in the hiera
Introduction The purpose of this essay is to assess the impact that ethnic groups and cultural backgrounds have on the daily lives of children or young people. Many cities and countries around the world are made up of diverse ethnic societies and communities that have different social practices and values. Cultural backgrounds and ethnicity provide such communities with a sense of uniqueness and differentiation from other societies that might be found within the same city or country. To better understand the topic under discussion a definition of ethnicity and culture should be discussed. Ethnicity is defined as a social group or community in a certain area that shares similar features which might include language, physical appearance, customs and cultural practices and religion. Ethnicity is also defined as the selected cultural characteristics that are used to identify and categorise people that are viewed to be significantly different from other people within the same social context (Dindyal and Dindyal 2004). Ethnic groups are the social categories that are used to classify people within the society and they can either be minority or majority groups based on the population of people that belong to these categories. Ethnic groups in some countries are also referred to as tribes given that they speak a different language from the rest of society (Aggleton et al 2006). Ethnic categorization provides people with a link to their ancestry, biological inheritance as well as cultural information. Ethnicity provides people with a cultural identity that can be used to differentiate them from other people. Ethnicity therefore provides people with culture given that the concept is a construct of culture (O’Neil 2006). Cultural background or culture is how people in a certain social group or community view things or happenings around the world. Culture is a pattern of living that is governed by traditions and customs of a particular social group or community. It encompasses aspects such as assumptions, attitudes, values, customs and perceptions that people have on various aspects that affect their daily lives (D’Anastasi and Frydenberg 2005). The culture of a particular group will determine the sets of beliefs or values that will be shared by members of that group. Cultural values and beliefs are usually handed down from one generation to another to ensure that the traditions of a social group have been maintained and kept intact. Culture is therefore important to the society as it ensures that certain social practices have been maintained as well as ensuring that the daily lives of human beings have some meaning and purpose. Both culture and ethnicity have a direct impact on the daily lives of human beings, young adults and children as they affect their decisions as well as their personal actions (Alder et al 2009). Children or Young Adults and Culture or Ethnic Aspects According to Montgomery and Kellett (2009) children or y
Overview of the lime-based spray dryer absorber It is used when water consumption and sludge disposal restrictions are present. Spray dryer absorber (SDA) technology is observed to remove as much as 95% SO 2 from high sulfur coals, which is a characteristic reduction outcome for western low sulfur coals. It is a requirement that the SDA be upstream of a particulate control device so that the sorbent can be removed from the flue gas. Activities in the spray drier include slow evaporation of water droplets holding lime, in a large vessel. This happens as the flue temperature rises towards that of adiabatic saturation. The design gas residence time in a spray dryer absorber is about a sixth of a minute, to provide enough time for evaporation and reaction with SO 2 . To allow for this, the spray drier absorber vessel would be close to 40 feet diameter and 65 feet high for both boilers (EPA, 2000). The mixture of ash from electrostatic precipitators (ESP) and lime that does not react are in turn recycled to provide efficient reagent utilization. This leads to more solids loading to the ESP by a factor of 3. It in turn demands increased ESP capacity and a total reconstruction of the ash handling system. SDA’s are easy to install in new facilities burning western coal, their installation in existing boilers is known to be quite challenging. The alternative is the installation of a stand-alone SDA, outside the existing building. This would require a new structure, a post-SDA baghouse control, added ducting, a new stack and the control equipment (EPA, 2000). New units should be installed with a baghouse rather than an ESP since reagent utilization is likely to be better on units installed with a baghouse compared to retrofit units installed with modifications to an ESP. A baghouse can achieve 15% to 20% SO 2 capture lessening the burden on the dry FGD (EPA, 2000). Operation of the spray driers Lime is a key ingredient in the removal of acidic gases, including sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride, from flue gases. Dry scrubbing requires the lime to be injected directly into flue gas, but in spray driers, the lime slurry is atomized and injected into a separate vessel. The spray drier has a cylindrical top and cone bottom, and re
Panera Bread Company is one of the leading firms in bread industry in the United States. However, the management should be able to come up with a detailed plan of how to manage the dynamic market in order to achieve the desired success. For this to be possible there is a need to have a clear mission statement that would help define the path that a firm plans to take in achieving its success. Mission statement shows the promises that a firm makes to its customers, and defines how it seeks to keep this promise. The following mission statement would be appropriate for this firm. We strive to be the leading firm in offering quality bread and related products not only in the United States but also in other regions around the world. To achieve this, we believe in offering products that meets standards of our customers. We also plan to open a number of franchised cafeterias in various parts of the world to help in this growth. The above mission statement defines the path that this firm plans to take in meeting its objectives in the market. The market is increasingly becoming competitive, and it is only firms that have clear objectives that can be able to withstand the competition. The dynamism also poses a serious challenge because it forces firms to be able to change with the changing market forces. The principles defined in the mission statement would be a clear indication of the extent to which a firm is willing to go in offering quality to their customers as a way of making them satisfied. It is necessary to understand how the above mission statement meets this criteria. In the first part of this statement, it is clear that the firm’s main focus is to offer quality products to its customers. This is important in attracting more customers to make purchase of the firm’s products. It may not be easy to achieve this because it would require the firm to make some sacrifices in order to offer this quality. In this first part of the mission statement, it is also clear that the firm seeks to go beyond the current market boundaries of this firm in order to explore the world market. As stated in this statement, the firm will not be ignoring the current market. It will continue serving the current market while looking for other foreign markets abroad. Expanding the market share beyond the current markets means that this firm will have a higher capacity of dealing with competitors in the market. The second part of the statement explains how the firm plans to meet the promise of offering quality products to the firm. It states that Panera Bread Company will be keen on the standards in the market. This statement emphasizes on meeting and even exceeding market standards when meeting customers’ needs. This section explains how quality will be met by this firm. The last part of the mission statement explains how the firm plans to achieve its objective of moving to various parts of the world. It may not be an easy task moving to foreign markets around the world. However, this firm must find a way of doing so because of its commitments in the first part of the statement. This section explains that this will be achieved through franchising.
The case study includes the foundation history and two vignettes about different urgent care facilities (UCC) under the label of ConvenientMD in New Hampshire. Gareth Dickens and Max Puyanic, the co-founders of Convenient MD, met while working together in the investment banking company William Blair in 2002, during the economic recession. The firm’s limited budget and reduced staff numbers lead to both consistently working overtime and without weekends. Such experience allowed Dickens and Puyanic to study each other’s work ethic and lead to their decision to start a business together. Having M&A experience in the healthcare field, Dickens and Puyanic set up a search fund and started looking for a UCC to buy. As there were none available for purchase, the entrepreneurs decided to open a UCC company themselves. UCC’s main distinction from a large-scale hospital lies in its opportunity to provide healthcare services for a lower price due to having fewer overhead costs and a simpler organizational system. Dickens and Puyanic developed a business plan for ConvenientMD, outlining their plans for launching six UCCs in New Hampshire by 2017. Their first UCC facility opened its doors on December 7, 2012, in Windham and performed right at the top of the industry standard. However, as Dickens and Puyanic moved to the launch of their second UCC, this time pos