ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Preschoolers are incredible group of individuals that are fast growing. It is during the early years of growth that a child can be imparted with various developmental strategies so as to keep abreast with emerging developmental aspects especially in learning literature. Therefore, having simple and clear strategies of teaching will help impact the kids with relevant knowledge perfect growth and development in literal terms. Selection of Literature Materials As I will be dealing with incredibly young individuals, it will be prudent to acquire simple forms of materials that will assist the kids to have uttermost understanding of the learning programme. This will help them attain maximum knowledge as they are in the exponential stage of development. During this stage they are able to maximize use of their learning abilities (Giorgis, 2008). In addition, I will ensure that the learning strategies employed are interesting and captivating for the little and lovely minds. Good titles and books as media will be a good choice of teaching materials. I will help the kids develop positive attitude towards literature. The books will have illustrative objects such as pictures that are memorable. In addition, I will ensure that the choice of words in the books is interesting enough for the kids to relate to. Also, the choice of themes will be from selections that are captivating to the young minds and easy to remember. Characters in the literature material will be of animal origin such as hare of which kids are fond of. Furthermore, I will use educative materials that have high literal skills and are easy to understand. A CD Rom could also be a good media for my kids. I will ensure that they engage in listening and answering of questions especially in activities that require audience participation. Since, I want my students to relate with every portion of the activity I give, every pupil will have to perform the actions of the fictional animal characters in the stories that I will use. In case of creating models and coloring, my students will have the pleasure to do the activities themselves. This will help them improve their memory skills and discourage laziness and boredom Development Goals The concept of development is that there should be continuity of learning as pupils get to learn complex skills that are to be deepened into their system with time. This process can be done perfectly when relevant goals are achieved through the set objectives. Knowledge and Experience The knowledge and experience of the child should be taken as the basis for development. This will enable the child to understand abstract from concrete, complex from simple a
Introduction The state of Florida has many juvenile options for minor offenders. Various divisions and programs are created with a purpose of working for the interests of children. They also aim at reducing juvenile offenses. The Civil Citation and Teen Court Programs are the two main juvenile options that deal with juvenile prevention. The juvenile justice systems seek to divert youth from deeper involvement in delinquent acts. At the same time, they reduce stigmatization and exposure to negative role models (Clear, Cole, and Reisig, 2012). This paper attempts to compare the Civil Citation Court and Teen Court Programs in Florida. It seeks to understand how each of these courts handles juvenile offenses (the stakeholders involved in each of the programs, and the services offered in each program). The paper concludes by identifying the most effective program between the two, in reducing juvenile crimes. Civil Citation The Civil Citation Programs in the state of Florida get their primary funding through the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. Additionally, the County Juvenile justice dollars, the country’s Sheriff Department, and other community-based social agencies are important sources of funding for these programs. The Blueprint Commission of Florida (2008) says that the funding for each Civil Citation Program ranges from $113,000 to $137,000. Most of the Civil Citation Programs normally have a one-full-time employee. However, the program can have up to six employees, working in various units. The One-Civil Citation Program normally handles between 40 and 1600 youths, with an average number being 500. The Florida statute indicates that all Civil Citations handle cases involving second misdemeanants. However, the practical reality is that the admission of the second misdemeanants varies from one program to the other. It is upon the program to determine which cases need to be handled. The major considerations in determining whether a certain act falls within the jurisdiction of the civil courts include the location and the law enforcement priorities in specific cases. With regard to middle schools and high schools, the majority of the reported cases include assaults, school fights, and shoplifting. In a nutshell, the crimes handled by the Civil Citation Programs of Florida include theft, property related theft, substance abuse, disruptive misdemeanors, violent offenses, traffic offenses, and any other miscellaneous offense. The most common offense handled by the Civil Citation Courts is petty theft, whereas the most serious offenses are those that involve violence. The most commonly applied sanction in the Civil Citation Courts is the community service, which may range in time, based on the circumstance of the case. Community service is administered through various ways. These include youth advice from program officers, placements where the offender is required to follow up, group activities in parks and other locations, as well as the home-based community service. The choice of the service referred to a juvenile is normally guided by the specific needs of a child. For example, when courts e
The purpose of this report is to assess the Wall Street Journal article “Ancestry Taps AI to Sift Millions of Obituaries” and how the company’s decisions impact its strategy and development. As it is stated in the article, the company implemented a hi-edge technological solution to a task that would have taken years otherwise (Council, 2019). Due to this decision, Ancestry.com has managed to boost its database that now includes more than six times as many names as it did two years ago. The Ancestry’s data science team managed to teach algorithms to conduct sophisticated research in the trove of the old newspapers and obituaries in particular. The company reported that the accuracy rate of the search rose to more than 90 %. According to corporate management, expanded obituary collection and new search functionality are expected to be financially beneficial, “including by encouraging free-trial users to pay for a subscription” (Council, 2019), which is supposed to bring substantial profit. On the one hand, the plan to profit from free-trial users might be understood as competing for customers, which indicates the business level of the company. On the other hand, the implementation of high-end technologies is likely to ensure the leading position of Ancestry.com in its market niche and make a significant competitive advantage. While other companies conduct their research manually, which takes an immense amount of time and human resources, Ancestry.com offers a quick and high-quality search to people who are interested in their genealogy. It can be concluded that the essence of their strategy is not in technologies but in doing their work differently from their rivals. The most evident and yet the most crucial thing that should be gained from above is that it is necessary to define the company’s strategy as clear as possible. Encouraging the site visitors to buy subscriptions cannot be the primary source of income for a company that provides people with genealogy information. It indicates a lack of vision and a vague strategy statement. According to Collis and Rukstad (2008), a good strategy statement includes such critical elements as objective, scope, and advantage. So, the first thing that could be suggested to any local firm is, to begin with, the definition of the objective that the firm wants to achieve. Secondly, the implementation of innovative technologies can skyrocket the company’s profits and ensure the leading positions within the industry, although some precautions could be made here as well. To connect innovation to a company strategy, it should be determined “how innovation will
Introduction The Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI), often known as the Star Wars, was the idea brought forward by President Ronald Reagan. He intended to use the project to protect the United States from strategic nuclear ballistic missiles from the Soviet Union. Dr. Edward Teller, an expert in nuclear science and father of hydrogen bomb, developed the concept of this program. Reagan consulted Dr. Teller on how to develop satellites that would detect potential missiles from space and deflect them before they land. The aim was to protect the U.S. from the Russian missile attacks. After the issue was discussed, President Reagan set up the Strategic Defence Initiative Organization to research and develop the program in nineteen eighty-four. The program has expanded since then long after the end of the Cold War (Collier 2010). After the fall of the Soviet Union, there were threats from other nations to expand their nuclear power. Some of those nations were renowned for their international aggression ideologies. They include Iran, Iraq and North Korea. This paper analyzes the reasons why the U.S. should continue expanding its Strategic Defence Initiative by outlining the facts that support the policy of expanding the strategy. Justifying the expansion of SDI The success of the Strategic Defence Initiative is a good reason to support the expansion of the program. The Cold War ended abruptly and without anybody’s predictions including political, military and diplomatic analysts. It is not possible to discuss the causes of disintegration of the USSR that resulted in ending the Cold War conflict without considering the role of the Strategic Defence Initiative (Freedman 2004). It has been argued by various scholars that the Strategic Defence Initiative was the primary reason that led to the end of the Cold War. These scholars base their argument on the fact that research conducted in Russia proved that most Russians believed that the political leadership of their country decided to cut military aggression after analysing the technological superiority behind the Strategic Defence Initiative. Another reason attributed to the success of the Strategic Defence Initiative is that it tactfully made it difficult for the two superpowers that were the USSR and the US to continue negotiations on the ways of reaching a truce on issues at that time. The strategy tremendously improved the United States’ military strength thereby forcing the other partner to withdraw from the military rivalry. It is evident that without the tension from the Strategic Defence initiative that had lasted for long, both states could change from the Cold War to military actions. Such war could have had severe impact on all the countries in the world. If such consequences were shielded by the strategy then it is a very good reason to support the continued efforts to expand the program. The Strategic
Constructivist-Interpretive Paradigm The proponents of this paradigm assert that reality is not fixed and therefore knowledge is not fixed waiting to be discovered by social scientists (Travers, 2010, p.22). There is emphasis on the individual both the subject and the researcher. There is a sensitivity to the other person’s world view. For example, there is a need to realize that indigenous people question why researchers always take the position of dominance while the natives are expected to be nothing more than the object of their research (Smith, 1999, p.119). Another researcher succinctly explained in this passage: “We do not construct our interpretations in isolation but against a backdrop of shared understandings, practices, language, and so forth” (Travers, 2010, p.22). It can be argued that this paradigm will enable researchers to work closely and effectively with the target group, be it the people living in the poor section of a city or indigenous peoples living in a remote area. In the Mackenzie Valley pipeline inquiry, the commissioner could not rely on mere analysis of what is normally believed to be the highest form of information or “truth”, this is what is commonly attributed to empirical evidence that is the result of extensive use of techniques derived from the scientific method of knowing. However, it is clear in the results of the inquiry that the Dene, Inuits and the Metis are people with a different mindset . A business only approach to the study of the viability of the oil pipeline will provide no insight to the extent of the social and economic cost of the proposed project. Therefore, the ideas that will be generated for problem solving purposes will not be enough to address all pertinent issues to the satisfaction of all those who are involved in the construction of the pipeline. Critical Discussion The people behind the construction of the pipeline are experts in engineering and the business aspects related to an expensive and risky venture. Therefore, it can be said that it is not their first time to build a pipeline. They may have constructed one in the United States, the Middle-East or even in Europe. There is therefore the tendency to look at the proposal to build the Mackenzie Valley pipeline as another one of those projects. The engineers and the project managers will simply use the same methods employed in other sites and expect success. But it can easily backfire as pointed out by one researcher who said that the establishment of oil and gas industry “could deprive the people who live in the frontier of their rights to the land, and it could offer them employment for reasons that have nothing to do with their needs” (Berger, 1988, p.170). This means that the project team will have to work closely with the natives to understand their dilemma, their fears and even their aspirations. They will be able to develop a better plan. This is the importance of using this paradigm. Feminist Paradigm This paradigm was developed based on the ontological assumption that
Introduction They call themselves the ‘Generation Y’ and the ‘Future leaders of tomorrow’. They fall in the age bracket of between 18 – 30 years and comprise almost more than half of the world’s population; these are our youths. Their recent behavior is causing a moral panic in the society and it is indeed a worrying factor. This moral panic is caused by youth naturist or nudism; they call it ‘freedom of the body’ and to them, there is nothing wrong by walking naked, playing games while nude or exposing their nudity to the public. Media Text Located The members of AANR youth ambassadors have posted a video to justify their naked act (youtube, 2010). The video comprises of young members being interviewed while others are basking naked by the beach. The problem here is that they seem to be comfortable in their naked state and the numbers of the youth joining the nudism club seems to be on the rise causing a moral panic. This particular you tube clip has over 5 million viewers, evidence that they have managed to get the message to millions of youth out there. The youth advocates and the State seem to be bothered by this act (Kanter, 2010); they are calling for this nudism youth camps to be abolished. Nudism or Naturism in Detail According to Williams (2007), the ideal narrative of socialist nudism asserted that nudism is both a way to liberate the worker and a method of controlling sexual drives. He defines it as a freedom of liberation and control. Most naturists activities have membership, a good example are the nudism beaches. Most of these members are the youth and their numbers are increasing by day causing a moral panic. In their leading website, Nudism (2010) actually indicates its desire to increase membership and involvement of the 18-30 groups. It calls it a national concern and the majority of the group members are college girls. The Moral Panic caused by Naturism among the Youth Surprisingly, nudism was known to appeal to persons over the age of 30 in earlier years where the numbers of young nudists were few, if any. However, recent conducted research shows that the youths are now joining the nudism world at an extremely rapid and alarming rate. Why is this so? The youth find it fun exposing their beautiful bodies. Recent posted photos in the nudism.com websites are mostly of the youth sunbathing in the beaches naked or engaging in various nude sports and activities. Cultural imperialism is also another reason for the recent recruitment of the youth to the world of nudism. Saldanha (2010) blames the tourists in Goa for introducing immorality among the youth. Free online pornographic materials especially nudism sites that encourage membership can be attributed to the rise of youth nudism; family nudism has also been known to encourage nudism especially to children who takes up the nudism culture. Why should this be a moral panic? The youth are slowly corrupting their young min
Before making any analysis, we need to understand that stigma is whereby an individual is rejected by a community because of their race, religion, belief, tribe, or health status like HIV. Thus, for us to combat this problem, there must be an effective management plan in place, in the form of counseling and social awareness to those who stigmatize others (Green, 2009). Therefore, this document is going to explicate and analyze various aspects and approaches to managing stigma in society. Stigma in society has taken the form of labeling tags on victims. For instance, people living with HIV/AIDS are referred to as prostitutes, whereas people with mental illnesses are called crazy. Such practices segregate the affected people away from society. Those who stigmatize them think they are not capable of anything productive in society and should thus be neglected, thus creating disharmony (Florez & Sartorius, 2008). Ethical issues include a lack of credibility, honesty, trust, respect, or even loyalty for people or groups that are stigmatized. Society generally believes stigmatized individuals are not capable of anything. The society, therefore, can overcome this undesired practice by raising awareness to stigmatization perpetrators through public education, setting the records straight concerning victims and piling pressure on the government to implement policies of assisting victims (Florez & Sartorius, 2008). We can define social deviance as a conducted act that is completely contrary to the societal or social norms. For instance, a man wearing earrings in certain societies such as china or a woman dressed provocatively in church or public to draw attention. Such deviant behaviors depend on an individual’s environment, poor brain development, or psychological issues of the deviant individual (Henry, 2009). Stigmatization is still rife among homeless and overweight people in society. Homeless people are considered unproductive and harmful to the rest of society, while overweight persons are perceived as individuals who consume large quantities of food substances. Some members of the society also think these people have taken it upon themselves to be the way they are. Therefore, they are neglected (Henry, 2009). If the government, stakeholders, lobby groups, and society as a whole decide to sensitize masses on the need to respect one another, irrespective of their differences, then I think stigmatized persons can live a happy life. The government should also put effective policies of punishing those who stigmatize others and open counseling centers for the victimized. By doing this, the stigma will be reduced in society, thus leading to harmony and tranquility. Moreover, such a move would give the stigmatized a chance to show their strengths by performing something productive (Green, 2009). Without adequate support fr
Introduction Before the introduction of the fly-by-wire system in civil aviation, pilots had to rely only on manual controls during flight. Fly-by-wire is an innovation that replaces an aircraft’s manual controls with an electronic interface. Fly-by-wire is a digital flight control system that enables signals from manual controls to be converted into electrical signals after which control computers determine the appropriate response (Droste &Walker, 2003). The Airbus Company was the first airplane manufacturer to introduce this system in their A320. The Airbus fly-by-wire system was certified in 1988 and was used the same year during the launch of the first A320 (McRuer & Graham, 1981). Manual flight control systems are very bulky and the control cables need to be carefully laid through the relevant sections of the airplane. The control systems and cables need redundant backup that guard against failures and as such further increases the weight of the aircraft and the work of the crew. Mechanical flight controls are prone to several dangerous issues such as spinning, stalling and pilot-induced oscillation (Pratt, 2000). In fly-by-wire, the control of the aircraft is only achieved through the use of electrical signals. The controls are configured to control computers in the aircraft. This means that the link between the operator and the control actuators is interposed by a computer system hence modifying the operator’s inputs with regards to the control parameters. Fly-By-Wire In the study of mechanics of flight, we can assume that an aircraft can be represented as a rigid body, designed by a set body of axis as shown in figure 1. The rigid body dynamics therefore has six degrees of freedom, given by three rotations about, and three translations along the axes. This model allows modeling of all forces and moments acting on the plane (Stephens & Lewis, 1992). Figure 1: Body axis aircraft co-ordinate system retrieved from Stephens and Lewis (1992, p.24) In order to achieve flight control, the capability to control the forces and moments acting on the plane is imperative. If we can control the forces and moments, then by default we can control the accelerations and hence velocities, rotations and translations. The Flight Control System is designed to achieve this through the aircraft’s flight control surfaces that include the rudder, edge flaps, trailing and foreplane (Pratt, 2000). Flight control system also needs to control the thrust prov
Introduction Culture is one aspect of business that is ignored by many people wishing to conduct business on the internal scene. Studying and understanding the cultural issues would be beneficial to business people; they can compare opportunities and make informed choices. This paper will conduct a review of cultural issues in the videos Twitter acquisition experience, Culture shock, Outsourced movie and Chinese business etiquette instruction to provide an insight into culture how it impacts on business activities. Five cultural issues identified and framework Various dimensions and elements of culture are identified in these videos. The elements include communication, ethics, values and attitudes, customs, and structures of a business establishment. Values and attitudes greatly influence how people think, communicate and behave. Since different nations have different cultures and sub-cultures, it is important to understand the cultural features in the prospective of doing business. Specifically, Joe McGuire in the video, Resolving culture conflicts in corporate acquisitions asserts that understanding values and attitudes mean that one is conversant with the cultural aspect and its impact on business. Conducting business will require focus, attention and confidence especially for the business people. Thus, strategy and good business knowledge are required to succeed in the dynamic market (Sinclair 2010). The second cultural element identified in the videos is ethics. Basically, ethics are rules that define what is right or wrong. The scope of ethics may differ between nations but there are those ethics that apply in most business