ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The military and economic growth of China is a cause for concern among many policy-makers and military planners in the United States. In particular, it is a regarded a threat to security and geopolitical interests of the country. O verall, American political and military leaders should accept the idea that international politics may soon become bipolar or many-polar which means that other countries, including China may acquire a higher degree of influence (Yeisley 2011, 57). However, bipolar politics should not be treated as a form of rivalry or opposition because this attitude will eventually undermine the security policies of the United States as well as other countries. First, it should be noted that in the early eighties China was viewed as a country that could counterbalance the Soviet influence in Asia. The United States helped the Chinese government modernize its army and adopt more advanced technologies (Pollack 2007, p. 638). Yet, at that point the country could not match American military capabilities, and there were no noticeable threats to the interests of the United States. The situation began to change after the end of the Cold War. At that time, many policy-makers believed that the military and geopolitical supremacy of the United States could not be challenged. The officials of the People’s Liberation Army began to pay attention to such aspects air force, the use of information technologies, missiles, intelligence, and naval strength (Pollack 2007, p. 642). In this regard, one can certainly mention China naval modernization. For example, the country acquired and constructed nuclear power submarines that have very low noise levels (O’Rourke 2012, p. 12). Moreover, China purchased various types of air-craft carriers, frigates, and fighter jets (Bitzinger 2011, p. 12). Overall, this tendency indicates that China may soon become a state able to oppose the military force of the United States. Thus, American policy-makers and military planners should develop their future strategies that can protect the interests of the country. Political scientists believe that both states should avoid retreating into self-protective positions (Pollack 2007, p. 649). In other words, the governments of both countries should not assume that the United States and China will eventually come into military conflict. Such policy will only pose a greater threat to the security of both states as well as neighboring countries. The relations between the United States and China should not be considered as a zero-sum game in which one player can win only if the other one loses (Kaplan 2008, p. 189). Instead, American politicians should strive for a form of partnership with China so that both countries were obliged to act as responsible stakeholders ensuring the security in Asia and other regions of the world. For example, both these states want to limit the nuclear capabilities of North Korea (Richardson 2006, p. 129). This example shows that there are co
Introduction The sources used in the paper give information about the way hybrid cars work. They explain what hybrid cars are and how different they are from the conventional electric and fuel driven cars. The articles relate to the question in that the information given therein helps to answer the question how do hybrid cars work. Authors The author of the first article titled ‘How hybrid works’ is the U.S Department of Energy. Its principle is Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The branch invents in technologies that promote use of clean energy technologies in a bid to make the economy strong and for the protection of the environment. Moreover, help to reduce the overdependence of the country on foreign oil for provision of energy. The branch supports hybrid cars because they help to protect the environment through the reduction of emissions to the atmosphere and use of less fuel. Furthermore, by use of electric power then demand for oil is reduced hence reducing the amount of oil imported for domestic consumption. The other article ‘Hybrids Under the Hood’ is written by the Union of Concerned Scientists that is concerned about the environment. They aim to educate consumers with technological information to help them understand how the technology can help them in protecting the environment. How hybrid cars work Hybrid cars refer to cars that are a cross between an electric car and a fuel car. The hybrid cars borrow features from the two types of cars and combine them to form a hybrid car with a hybrid engine (U.S Department of Energy 1). Fuel driven cars have fuel tanks and internal –combustion engines together with transmissions that work together in order to turn the wheels of cars. In order for the wheels to turn, the fuel tank sends fuel to the engine and transmission occurs. On the other hand, the electric car has an electric has a battery pack instead of a fuel tank and uses a similar process to turn the wheels as a fuel driven car. Electricity is sent to the car’s motor and transmission occurs to propel the wheels. The hybrid cars are made with the best features from both the electric and fuel driven vehicles. They have generators, fuel tanks and batteries. The parts hybrid cars are different in that the gas engine is much smaller and developed to be efficient in produce less pollution to the environment (Union of Concerned Scientists 1). It is also important to note that hybrid cars have generators, which neither the electric nor the fuel-driven cars have. The hybrid cars are self-reliant in that their fuel engines recharge the batteries by producing electricity power when in motion. The hybrid cars uses power from the fuel tank and electricity using a computer system that communicates with the engine to shut off if the car is travelling at less than fifteen miles per hour. When the hybrid cars stop, for instance in traffic jams, they do not consume fuel unlike the conventional cars, which consume fuel during complete stops in traffic jams, and the cars start immediately the drivers step on the gas pedal because the electric engine responds instantly to turn the wheels forward (Union of Concerned Scientists 1). In additio
Introduction In context of satire merging laughs with pain could be an effective way to alert to some existent problems that disturb the society. Satire – a demonstration of comic moments in art, representing deteriorative exposure of various phenomenon using different comic means such as sarcasm, irony, parody and etc. The issues that the author considers as the most depraved are ridiculed, where a satire could be addressing an episode, an image or social phenomena. In the basis of this definition, “Bamboozled” a film by Spike Lee uses satire as a tool to express his anger against what is considered as media stereotypes of black people. This paper analyzes the aforementioned work as a modern cultural representation of identity and established stereotypes in modern society stating that stereotypes of specific social or ethnic group can be formed willingly in addition to being forced, where as time passes by, they only change the shape and take another direction. Analysis The ideology of the world created by Spike Lee to some extent represents the existence of racial stereotypes in modern America, specifically in media, as a slogan that nothing has changed. However, unlike the previous times everything is veiled in a way it seems ordinary. The difference is as stated in “Cultural Studies: Theory and Practices” by Christ Barker, “the racism continues to be treated as an issue of illiberality rather than of structured inequality.” (Chris Barker 268) At first it seems as though the stereotypes has changed, where there is Pierre Delacroix – an educated black man, working in a respectable job, speaking fluently and with good manners. After that it can be seen that in that in Lee’s created world the color remains as an issue, as in providing the text for a decent sitcom without exploiting black stereotypes, he is accused of being white. Thus, it is seen that Lee has shown that roles are already given and each person should play within his/her role. The power that assigns those roles is held within the society itself, where the formed situation is mostly controlled by the public opinion. This system maintains this power through the demand factor. Where in the world of media, the rating is the public
Accounting is the process of recording, organizing, analyzing, and presenting financial information concerning a business entity. Every transaction is recorded at the time of occurrence, organized, and analyzed together with others to give periodic reports on the financial position of the business. The most important information in developing accounting statements regards sales, purchases, and expenses. These are the basic determinants of performance for businesses. This paper discusses the importance of accounting, the main measurements considered in the preparation of the profit and loss account, and the limitations of the balance sheet inaccurately and comprehensively exhibiting the true financial position of a business (Future a/ccountant, 2009 Par 5). The general purpose of accounting is to help in the decision-making process. Accurate information about the business performance is critical for both external and internal parties to a business. The management is interested in knowing whether the firm’s performance is improving or not to make informed decisions. Investors on the other hand need to understand the ability of their investments to give returns. Creditors need to know the safety of the credit advanced to the firm. The government is also interested in the firm’s performance for taxation purposes (Taylor 2009 Par 3). In any busine
Thomas Paine son of Joseph Pain was born on January 29, 1737 in England, Thetford in Norfolk. He dropped out of school due to lack of funds and later moved to British American colonies, at the helm of the America revolution in the year 1774 so that he could participate. He later changed his name from Paine to Pain. Thomas Pain died without offspring; his first wife, Mary died together with their child. The second marriage didn’t bring any fruit instead they divorced at around 1774 shortly before his involvement in American colonies. Financially, he failed in his shop business due to active participation in local affairs where a debating club was established at a local tavern courtesy of Thomas Pain. However he was fired as an excise officer for failing to report to work without permission. This was an individual who fought for better working conditions and compensation for the excise officers and this might have been the reason why he was discharged of his duties (Aldridge 32). While in Philadelphia, Pain’s career as a journalist gave him great opportunity to contribute to American Revolution when he wrote a pamphlet, Common Sense in 1776. This publication crowned him reputation as a revolutionary propagandist. In this publication he strongly advocated for America’s independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain colonialism. Thomas Pain opposed monarchical government and any America’s reconciliation with Great Britain and he was for American independence an immediate action and the approval of a republican structural form of constitution for the people of America. Pain through his publications, he encouraged resistance and strongly believed that America was unbeatable. While in Pennsylvania (1776–1783), he further staged revolutionary campaigns by publishing a pro-revolutionary pamphlet named The Ameri
History of eBay and strategic partners eBay is an online auction company that does the business of listing products on its site to connect both sellers and buyers. The case study majorly enumerates on the history of eBay and clearly explains all the steps that the company has taken in its bid to increase its market growth and internationalize its operation. Also contained in the essay are the strategic partners and alliances that eBay formed in order to grow. Clarifications are given on some of the factors that might have caused the company’s slow growth in Japan and the quality of management of the company among many more (Hsiao, 2011). eBay strategic decisions The main management issue here is the strategic decisions the company needs to make for it to widen its market share and customer base. In the case study, we get to know the strategic alliances that the company has entered into. The poor marketing strategy and promotional means that eBay has pursued could be responsible for the failure to penetrate the Japan market. The robust competition in Japan from already established competitors especially yahoo auction dominance requires brilliant and stronger strategies if the company is to survive. eBay should increase its marketing cost and reduce its listing charges to break through the high
Introduction The later quarter of twenty-first century saw the United Kingdom embark on some consumer protection laws that were dedicated to protecting consumers from dangerous or defective goods. The laws were intended to replace, if not modernize, the common law that had been used for several centuries. But two decades since the laws started becoming commonplace in both consumer and legal arenas, just few consumers themselves understand the meanings or their rights under these legislations. This paper is an attempt to correct that misfortune. It shall explain consumer protection laws in four subsequent sections. The first section will describe Consumer Protection Act; the second part shall explain the Sales of Goods Act; whereas the third section explains the Supply of Goods and Services Act. The fourth section will compare the latter two sections. Consumer Protection Act The Consumer Protection Act of 1987 protects consumers from the danger of defective or harmful goods and services (Trading Standards Central). The act can be evoked when the complaining consumer receives bodily harm after using specific goods and services. Such lawsuits are referred to as product liability suits. The consumer could also lodge a complaint when his/her property is damaged. No damages can however be lodged when consumer’s business is the one that gets damaged. This specific act is meant to warn manufacturers and their suppliers against producing and distributing goods that could end up hurting the other individuals unknowingly. Service providers are also warned against providing defective devices that could end up hurting the end user. Manufacturers, suppliers and distributors have thus become more careful with their products. Other than protecting consumers from goods that could harm them, the act further guards users against goods and services that do not reach the agreed standard. Consumers have the liberty to file for a breach of contract when products and services provided do not meet the agreed standards or quality. This is because consumers had agreed to buy those goods of certain quality or services that would meet their current needs. On receiving items that do not meet some pre-agreed quality agreement, or services that do not fully rectify the problem that had necessitated the contract, consumers can, through the act file for liability suits. Consumers are also protected from any possible hard should they receive goods that do not appear to be safe, even though no harm has been caused as of yet. This is because the produc
Introduction The aim of this report is to critique the article Influence of Wave Action and Lithology on Sea Cliff Mass Movements in Central Algarve Coast, Portugal published by Maria M. Bezzera, Delminda Moura, Oscra Ferreira and Rui Taborda in Journal of Coastal Research in 2011. The article is devoted to the research made by the authors on the topic of the natural processes influencing the rocks movements along the coastline. The main purpose of the initiated research was to determine the relative degree of influence of wave action and lithological type of the rocks on the sea cliff mass movements in Central Algarve Coast in Portugal. The urgency of the issue studied by the authors is proved by the lack of research on the topic. Although there is plenty of geological research on the erosion of the shoreline represented by the sandy coasts, just a few studies have been devoted to the sea rocks movements due to the technical difficulties in rock formations studying, the high costs of research as well as the relative significance of sandy coasts for the human activity. However, the researchers warn that the global warming makes a significant impact on the sea level, thus, increasing the probability of the serious shifts in the geological formations on the Earth. In this respect, the coastline is at a high risk of damage. Its damage, in turn, will essentially influence the life and activity at coastal areas. Furthermore, it can even lead to the catastrophic consequences. “The management of coastal erosion risk will be an increasingly significant issue for the foreseeable future, due to the effects of climate change” ( Assessment of Coastal Erosion p.4). Materials and methods The research initiated by the article authors was made with the application of the following scientific methods: the method of scientific modeling, the method of comparison, and the hydrodynamic analysis method. The object of the study was the Central Algarve Coast in Portugal. For the purposes of the scientific investigation, the area was divided into five sectors, each of which was tested for the relative susceptibility to the wave action and lithological processes. There are three major types of waves meeting the shore. They are spilling, breaking, and breaking with trapped air ( Wave Erosion par.6). The authors applied “a numerical wave propagation model (STWAVE) to evaluate differences in breaking wave height and energy along the study area for a set of representative wave conditions and comparison wi
The United States is a developed country with vast investment in various sectors of the economy. The country’s economic power was revealed recently when the Covid-19 crisis set in, causing many businesses to be closed and jobs lost. The country’s leadership strategically provided economic stimulus funds to ensure that Americans continued to live well through the pandemic and beyond (Charles 2020). However, the problem of increasing rates of suicide across the country is alarming and it raises the question of whether adequate efforts are made to curtail this crisis. The suicide crisis has been in existence and recent trends indicate that more Americans are losing their lives through self-harming. This paper examines the suicide problem deeply, intending to identify possible contributing factors and how a viable and lasting solution can be achieved. Thesis Statement Suicide cases in America are increasing at an alarming rate and a lasting solution is needed to alleviate the economic and psychological stress that results from the deaths of people. An integrated approach can be more useful in the achievement of the desired results rather than focusing on the matter as a public health issue. Suicide is a societal problem associated with a state of the mind that leads the victims to make sub-optimal decisions about their lives. They act as if something deeply rooted in their souls is pushing them to choose to take their lives. Many reasons can lead people to make the wrong decisions of committing suicide. It is alarming that in 2017 only, over 47,000 American citizens took their lives (Lyons, 2019)
Introduction Muslims have the conviction that the Qur’an holds all the acumen and understanding that Allah gave to humankind to lead a virtuous life and revere him accordingly. The Qur’an explains all that man is supposed to do to please Allah. Besides, it gives an account of the consequences of sins. According to Muslims, the Qur’an is the ultimate revelation to humanity. Hence, it carries a universal message. This paper will look at the five principal themes portrayed in Surah of Mary (19), Surah of the Prophets (21), and Surah of the Counsel (42). Themes in Surah of the Prophets (21) One of the themes discussed in this Surah is suspicion by people that Allah could use man as his messenger. People did not believe in what Prophet Muhammad told them. Some went to the extent of asking Allah to “send them signs like the ones that were sent to the (prophets) of old” (21:5). Another theme present in this Surah is the castigation of humankind for putting forward diverse and clashing oppositions against the Qur’an and the Holy Prophet. The Surah attempts to bring out the correlation between the present Prophets and those of the past. In (21:7), the Qur’an clarifies that during the old days, God sent men as his prophets, and he inspired them. The Qur’an urges those opposed to the Prophets to seek counsel from people that understand the message. The Qur’an has been revealed to man to help him understand and live according to God’s word (21:10). Humanity has the duty to read and understand the Qur’an. The Qur’an has proved that people lack knowledge, and thus they sin or have negative perceptions about life. Initially, people had the perception that life was simply a pastime and sport. They believed that life was worth no purpose and no one would be accountable for how he or she spent his or her life. The Qur’an warns that heaven and earth were not created for sport, and if it were Allah’s intention to give people a pastime, he could have given it through things that are closest to humanity (21:16-17). Admonition and reproach have been applied to do away with misinterpretation among the people. People believed that Prophet Muhammad was a false prophet since Allah did not bring punishment upon those who opposed his teachings. The Qur’an warns that most of the people that mocked the prophets who came before Prophet Muhammad suffered the wrath of the issues they ridiculed (21:41). Man is a being of rush. The Qur’an depic