ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
After the acquisition of Volvo international car industry and a well-known brand, the issues of integration to the local market, raising profitability, and brand positioning became topical. The analysis of the case could help develop a better understanding of the car market and reveal the strategies Volvo and Geely used to make the most of their new status. Integration with Local Market The access to Chinese car market is complicated mostly due to the unfair competitive environment. With the state-owned car companies (SOE) given the privilege in the key sphere of the Chinese economy, foreign companies need to establish a partnership with Chinese companies to introduce their products, which bears additional costs. Another issue undermining the financial health of Volvo in China was an elaborate system of intellectual property for technological solutions. It is also obstructed the plans of Geely to enhance their products with Volvo’s knowledge. However, a histogram of private car sales shows a 25% growth, which inspires hope for finding and occupying a niche. The bad news is that around 90% of the market is taken by Chinese original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). To win over even the smallest share of a market seems to be a tough challenge. The situation is also worsened by the unpredictable market changes that are the result of frequent ruling party interventions. The gradual change in the quality of the local production is narrowing the gap between foreign and Chinese manufacturers. Nowadays, the quality guarantee and low-complaint performance do not apply solely to international brands, so Volvo cannot use that as a marketing strategy too. Raising Profitability Chinese Market sales of Volvo cars in 2009 showed that locals are mostly interested in mid-class mid-price family vehicles such as crossovers or lengthened sedans. The latter were developed in 2010 exclusively for the Chinese market and turned out to be successful showing a 35% increase in comparison to the previous year. For Volvo, 2010 became the year of a substantial increase in profits with a 19% growth of combined sales in China. This growth was mostly due to good sales of crossovers and XC 60 in particular, which constituted roughly 40% of the gross sales. Thereby, the strategy to expand the range of products assimilating and developing new models to suit the market needs appeared to be a success. In addition, the statistics indicated the demand of Chinese buyers for crossovers, which determines the further path of the company. Due to the relative success in the market, Volvo could allow itself to experiment with the new models. Brand Positioning Buying Volvo, the owner of Geely stressed his desire to preserve the brand name and uniqueness. Volvo became a fully autonomous company under the Geely holding with all of its staff policies remained intact after the acquisition. Th
Trying to understand which Smartphone brand and model is the most popular among students, and why this specific brand and model is the most popular, it is essential to conduct a research applying to the questionnaire. The questionnaire should contain the questions which are essential for the research and some particular questions which may help to understand what students need. The range of the data which is to be collected is to be focused on two main questions, which brand and model students need and which criteria they are guided by while making a choice. Here is a list of the major laptop brands and their latest models students may be interested into, BlackBerry, LG, Motorola, Nokia, Sony, Samsung, HTC, and Apple iPhone (UK study, 2010). It is important to check the latest models of each of the brands to make sure that students are informed about the latest data and all of them stay at one and the same position of being informed. After the model and the brand have already been considered, it is essential to understand the possible key reasons student can have for voting a brand and model. The most varied reasons may be as follows, favorable appearance, appropriate size, necessary weight, positive reputation, user friendliness in use, fit for studying/business/entertainment purposes, correspondence to the personal needs requirements. Some students may have some particular requirements they pursue when choosing a Smartphone based on their private characteristics and needs. Therefore, this is the main data which is to be gathered to understand what Smartphone students want to have. To make sure that all the questions are included in the questionnaire and that al the questions are appropriate, it is essential to create a questionnaire which is going to be offered to students with the explanation why this specific question is to be included. A Questionnaire for the Research Subjects  1. Choosing the Smartphone, which of the following reasons are you guided by?  2. Brand image  3. Attractiveness of the Smartphone models  4. Functionality (including appropriate platforms)  5. Your variant This question is helpful in understanding whether students’ choice is based on the reasonable thinking or on advertising. Choosing a Smartphone, students are usually guided by ne primary reason and other ideas just support their choice, will, the main criteria is the only one and the better the researchers understand what this criteria is, the better ou
Introduction Most of the literary works present a reflection of what happens in the society. Authors normally voice their opinions about issues affecting the people through various themes. These themes are disclosed through analysis of a character’s actions. In the contemporary society, introduction of literature research has extensively increased the volume of literature in every topic of interest, especially in use of expression tools such as metaphors to present a symbolic view of character. The play, “ The Cherry Orchard” , is captivating and written in prose to understand vocabulary. The play is about enjoying the humor, feeling the narrator’s words in action, imagining, and placing oneself in the author’s shoes. Thus, this analytical treatise presents a comprehensive response to the play, “ The Cherry Orchard” by Anton Chekhov. Critical Response I found it quite challenging to comprehend the thoughts in the play, “ The Cherry Orchard” . It was an uphill task to focus on each character as the scenes and themes changed across the play. The most interesting character in my view was the old man servant called Firs. I felt sorry for this character since he was the center of ridicule and was belittled besides having to face cruelty when interacting with the other characters. For instance, Yasha was very insensitive to Firs’ feelings and quickly declared him boring when he was in the process of narrating ‘the old days’ story. Yasha stated that the character Firs “is getting boring” (Chekhov, 2004, p. 300) and it was necessary for the old man “to crawl off and die” (Chekhov, 2004, p. 300). The other characters ignored the views of Firs and no one seemed bothered by how he felt. They only began to care for him when he fell ill. Reflectively, Firs’ character is easy to relate to the primary theme of the play, “ The Cherry Orchard” . Same as the orchard idea, Firs was not noticed when things were bad or good, he simply continued to exist. When there was a proposal to sell the orchard, the other characters were worried of what would become of it, and silently prayed that there would be a good turnout of the upcoming events. In the same way, Firs was ignored and ridiculed across the play. However, when he became sick, those who looked down upon him changed their attitude for the better. The characters begun treating Firs with respect and even took turns in taking care of him (Chekhov, 2004). The key aspect of “The Cherry Orchard” captures the learners’ interest with elements of comedy and twist of fate. Firs, as one of the main characters depicts various stages of the play’s development, his fate is associated with the fate of the orchard and the attitude of people to his is almost the same as to the orchard. For instance, the character Yasha was arrogant in retorting to Firs to shut up without letting him finish expressing his thoughts. Moreover, the key considerable notion of the play was fate and respect that demonstrated how mankind had become unappreciative of others, and needed to acknow
The assertion that there are different kinds of pleasures has been considered by various philosophers. The most detailed assertion has been made by John Stuart Mill. Mill asserts that there are classes of pleasure that human beings classify as being more valuable or desirable than others. He bases his argument on the fact that pleasures should not only be founded on quality, but also on quantity. Mill affirms that any classification based on quantity is absurd since it does not bring out the desired results. He supports his philosophy by stating that quality and quantity of pleasures are dependent on the judgment and the experience of the assessors. According to Mill, if the person judging tends to give one pleasure preference over the other then it means that it is more valuable than others, thereby falling under the category of higher pleasures. The assertion has been challenged on the grounds that a preferred pleasure is not the best, but the choice of the person making the judgment could be due to other circumstances. Mill uses the faculties of intellect and imagination to explain his point. He asserts that the pleasures guided by intellect and feelings are higher than those based on physical judgment. This assertion is grounded on the fact that higher pleasures are achievable with some level of greater amount of relinquishing what the demands of the physical pleasure may be. The foregoing assertion is brought closer to a pig’s satisfaction. The comparison is meant to show that a pig’s satisfaction is a physical event, while the appeal to a man’s intellect is a pleasure that appeals to the mind (Gibbs 32). The credit given to Mill’s assertion is worthless if the desired purpose for the arguments is not put into consideration. In distinguishing pleasures, Mill was trying to draw a line between his understanding of utilitarianism and what Jeremy Bentham believed in. Mill desired to show that utilitarianism was not a body based on the doctrine that Bentham sought to introduce. Bentham referred to Mill’s arguments as brutal insensibility. Bentham sought to include a category of pleasure that desired to show that the quantity of all pleasures is not equal. The aforementioned standard was mainly desired to indicate that Mill’s theory was more of a revision on what Bentham advocated for. This assertion has been contracted by other philosophies derived from Plato and Aristotle. The oratorical style of Mill is the main stand that enhances the understanding of his ideology in the popular culture. Unnecessary terminologies have been inserted to qualify the statements by Mill. The fact that his argument has an origin has been a major point why it should not be considered, with much of the credit going to Mill. Francis Hutcheson’s is the main influence behind Mill’s arguments on pleasures. Mill did not anticipate the influence, but the central concern that they have on morals has been mentioned in their writings. The different types of pleasures that Mill advocates for are rooted in
Introduction In “The Undercover Economist”, the author attempts to explain the concept of microeconomics to ordinary readers. The book is authored by Tim Harford a British economist whose laid back method of explaining economics has made him popular among readers who are interested in the simplified ‘big picture’. The book gives readers a breakdown of the inner workings of markets in relation to day-to-day livelihood. In “The Undercover Economist”, the author uses his expertise in economic analysis to explain the complicated patterns that apply to the simple everyday routines such as buying a cup of coffee or being stuck in traffic. Consequently, the book can be mistaken as an effort in oversimplification but there are various important insights that are apparent throughout the text. One of the things that make “The Undercover Economist” relevant and interesting is the author’s ability to make tangible connections between old-fashioned economic theories and phenomena that could easily be ignored. Therefore, the book constantly indicates the importance of theory in the demonstration of economic patterns and market revelations. On the other hand, the author refutes the popular view that economic theories can only apply to the explanations of modern and complex market patterns. The use of simple patterns and demonstrations to explain complex economic theories is the running theme in “The Undercover Economist”. Harford also utilizes past examples of popular economic publications by showing that they are still relevant to the current economic environment. Nevertheless, the author’s wide scope of economic outlook also makes him susceptible to inconsistencies. Furthermore, the book appears to perpetuate the monopoly of popular economic theories. The influence of the internet on the modern economy is also featured in Harford’s book. According to the author, the invention of the internet has rendered some of the popular economic theories of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries irrelevant because the economic elements of competition and scarcity have so far become null. This essay is an appraisal of Harford’s book “The Undercover Economist”. The paper breaks down the manner in which Harford categorizes various concepts and their underlying efficiencies in the modern economic environment. The paper also compares the book with other popular concepts. Analysis One of the most prominent arguments in “The Undercover Economist” is the author’s view that the pioneering economic concepts are still applicable to the modern economic environment. According to the author, “economics is (partly) about modeling, about articulating basic principles and patterns that operate behind seemingly complex subjects like the rent on farms or coffee bars” (Harford 11). Consequently, there are parallels that apply to the economic environments but the concepts that are used to explain these scenarios are the same. One of the economists whose work Harford uses to prove his point is David Ricardo, a veteran economist who dealt with pioneering theories. “The Undercover Economist” has various allusions to David Ricardo’s theories including
Introduction Colonization process had different impacts on the lives of the Native Americans, Africans and Europe as a whole. Though some of these effects are similar across these three continents, the differences varied economically, politically, and socially. The Americans and Africans suffered the most negative effects of colonization because they were the subjects of the European colonialism. This is to mean that while the Americans and Africans were suffering socially and politically, the Europeans were gaining economically from this process. Effects of colonization For the Native Americans, colonization completely altered their way of life. Their social and economic culture was greatly hindered by the changes that were brought by the Europeans. The changes were as a result of diseases, laws, loss of land and attempts to introduce new religion. Europeans brought with them illnesses like pneumonia, measles, smallpox and malaria and this largely affected the population of the natives. These deaths made the natives doubt their religion’s healing power hence they slowly believed the Europeans. The Europeans altered land ownership laws hence the natives could not hunt or gather like before. This produced conflicts over territories. Basically, the Native Americans lost their land and culture. Colonization also impacted massively on Europeans. First, with their capitalistic ideas, they were able to exploit natural resources and export them to industries back home. This helped them grow economically. These resources included minerals and slaves from Africa, and leather from America. Colonization sometimes resulted into war hence the Europeans lost their lives thus impacting negatively on their population. Colonialism also caused conflicts between European countries. For example during the scramble for Africa, British and German forces clashed over Tanganyika. During their explorations, Europeans contracted diseases that killed many people. The Europeans were able to spread their religion in the colonies. In Africa, colonization saw traditional African customs; language and religion damaged and replaced by European way of life. The Europeans changed culture. Colonization caused deaths of some Africans during wars and conflicts. Politics and boundaries were restructured such that some families were split into different regions. The Africans lost their fertile land to European thus leading to abject poverty in the continent, as it was through land that the natives earned their living. Europeans helped the Africans to improve their religion, education, infrastructure and politics. Basically on education, the Europeans introduced formal education in Africa. The Americans experienced positive effects of colonialism. Examples were growth in economy, industrialization and growth in technology. Also, the Americans were able to secure employment in the established European industries. They wer
Introduction List four factors that have played a role in wrongful capital convictions. The term ‘Wrongful Capital Conviction’, means a conviction reached in a disputed or unfair trial. It also means a capital punishment of a person for s crime he did not commit. The term, which I sometimes referred to as ‘miscarriage of justice’, is given by its opponents in their attempt to eliminate death penalties to avid the execution of innocent persons. There are several causes or factors that played a role in wrongful conviction. But, the following factors are the major ones:   * Confirmation Bias.   * Confirmation Bias is a situation whereby the investigators of a criminal offence become bias in confirming the alleged criminal offence.   * False Confessions.   * False confessions could be referred to the accused confession due to Pressure, or torture from the Police, in their attempt to extract information.   * Fabrication of Evidence. This is a process whereby evidences are fabricated against the accused, so as to favor the plaintiff. It is a serious infringement of a judicial process in which selfish interest overshadows the application of justice. Withholding /Destruction of Evidence This is a serious factor that played a tremendous role in wrongful convictions. It is applied by the police or prosecutor, to deny a fair hearing on the accused person. Death Row Exoneration. Discuss the issue of ‘Death Row Exoneration’. What does research indicate about the processing of these cases? What impact with streamlined appeals have for innocent death row inmates? Death Row refers to a section in prison that keeps persons awaiting execution. Those who are found guilty of an offense and have been sentence to death, are kept or remain on death row, especially, if they appeal on the earlier judgment. Exoneration on the other hand, means relieve of responsibility, obligation, hardship or clearing one from accusation or blame. Therefore, ‘Death Row Exoneration is referring to the clearing of individuals who await execution, in order to have a new lease of life. Research indicates that, processing of these cases often meet with difficulties, because of the strictness of procedure. First of all, the appeals by the persons on death row used to take sometime before judgment is passed. For example, by July, 2005, there were 3,366, prisoners a waiting execution in the United States, out of which seven were officially on death row. But, it is obvious that, the streamlined appeals have positive impact on innocent death row inmates. For instance, there is a serious debate over the ‘death row phenomenon’, that the inmates should be on recourse, so
Global warming leads to climate change, a significant threat to life due to extreme weather and flooding. Climate change refers to the rise of the sea due to hot oceans expanding and the melting of ice sheets and glaciers. The incident that resulted from climate change was a hurricane, Ida. A hurricane is a violently windy storm, and one of such meaningful events covered the territory of the Caribbean. Ida made an amphibious landing of four hurricanes south of New Orleans, causing substantial damage to infrastructure, trees, and electricity lines. Hurricanes cause harm to human life in a variety of ways. Buildings’ destruction, demolishment, damage on infrastructure and electricity lines – all this led to human beings struggling to get back to their positions financially, emotionally, and physically, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Destruction example Climate change is related to physical geography. It increases sea level because of the direct consequences of the melting of glaciers. There are more storms than before due to the warming of the ocean temperatures (Beggs et al., 2021). Thus, there has been more rainfall leading to damaging floods, which cripple the activities of the damaged population. Over the last century, the earth’s temperatures have increased by 1.5 0 F and, if not controlled, might go up to 11.6 0 F in the following century (Bonneuil et al., 2021). Climate change has led to the shrinking of Island nations due to increased sea levels. For instance, in 2009, there process of evacuation of Carter Island off the coast of Papua Guinea began. Other geographical changes caused by climate change include the disappearing of snows on mountain tops and retreating glaciers on national parks like the glaciers of Montana National Park. This destination is an excellent option for a hike, which is now in full retreat. Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration and accumulated heat have led the planet to uncharted territory with consequences for current and future generations. According to the World Meteorological Organization (2021), the last seven years are likely to be the warmest, depending on the date of the first nine months of 2021. The report combines inputs of various United Nations agencies, hydrological services, meteorological and scientific experts. It also obtained the latest scientific evidence, which shows how the planet has changed. A months’ worth of rainfall fell in hours in parts of Europe and China, leading to many causalities, floods, and billions of economic losses. Extreme heat has had a significant impact on the Mediterranean area. On August 11, a Station called Sicily went up to 48.8 0 C, European record, while on August 14, it was the hottest in Madrid with a history of 42.7 0 C. The change of extreme climate heat and poor air quality increases human health complications. The most common problems include respiratory and heart conditions like renal failure, asthma, preterm birth, and other heat-related illnesses (Bonneuil et al., 2021). It may also lead to death for people both in rural and urban areas. The risk of large fires has increased in parts of Califo