ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This report is aimed at analyzing two UAE-based companies, namely Emirates Telecommunications Corporation commonly known as Etisalat and Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company or Du that also operates in mobile industry market. In particular, it is necessary to compare these organizations in terms of leadership, teambuilding strategies, managing organizational change, and human resource management. Secondly, this paper will have to determine whether these companies face any challenges and provide recommendations for settling them. This comparison will be based on both primary and secondary sources that describe the functioning of these two companies. This discussion will show how these organizations ensure effective work and satisfaction of staff members. We will also comment on their recruitment strategies, the appraisal of employee’s performance, and those growth opportunities which these companies provide to their workers. Moreover, this paper will throw light on how these organizations can improve their work. Finally, we will need to apply theoretical concepts that can be related to Etisalat or Du. These companies should be able to work in a very competitive market. Therefore, they have to align the efforts of their staff members. Analysis and comparison Etisalat Etisalat attaches great importance to development of employee’s leadership qualities. Nasser Bin Obood, the Chief Corporate Affairs Officer points out that this company is always willing to invest in vocational education of employees. In particular, they established Etisalat University College which provides courses for graduate students (Bin Obood as cited in Stengaard unpaged). Additionally, this company has its academies in various countries like Dubai, Egypt, and Sudan. This approach is aimed at ensuring that every employee of this organization has opportunities do acquire new skills without which he/she can hardly demonstrate leadership qualities. Apart from that, one should mention that Etisalat employees are able to take part in the Abu Dhabi Excellent Summit. This summit offers people an excellent opportunity to learn more about leadership. Overall, this organization favors more democratic approach to leadership which means that employees are encouraged to improve their professional skills and take part in the decision-making process but only in those cases, when the task is not urgent (Daft and Lane, 44). Additionally, this corporation pays close attention to teambuilding. They attempt to promote a sense of unity among employees. This is one of the reasons why they provide accommodation to employees and trainees. For instance, one can mention Etisalat Academy Residence which numbers more than 250 rooms (Etisalat unpaged). The residents can take part in various in-door and outdoor leisure activities. Moreover, they can go in for sports. This common exp
Introduction On 30th April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig of the famou,s BP exploded causing deaths to some 11 people, and subsequent leaking of crude oil into the Ocean. This caused an alarming effect on the environment around and beyond Louisiana. This article highlights the effects of this oil spill on the environment and human beings. This is a public health issue because its effects have far-reaching repercussions on the environment, the health of human beings, faunal species, and animals. The extent of the oil spill was felt throughout the Gulf of Mexico and even beyond its boundaries. The magnitude and effects of the oil spill By April 20, 2010, the spill had grown to 1600 square miles and an estimated 42,000 gallons of additional crude oil continued to spill into the gulf daily (The Huffington Post). Crude oil is known to contain Nitrogen and large amounts of Sulfur. This is because it is a fossil fuel. When it undergoes combustion, it releases these elements to the atmosphere. When mixed with atmospheric water, the elements combine to form acidic rain. Combustion here means when the fuel is burnt in the presence of Oxygen. In the event of the oil spill where there is no combustion, this may not occur. However, the volatile organic compounds of Nitrogen and Sulfur evaporate. When evaporation is followed by a large amount of precipitation, acid rain will be formed (Chen, 2010). Acid rain is precipitation with higher than normal level of acidity when measured on the pH. This is due to the presence of notably high amounts of NOX (Nitrous Oxides) and SO2 (Sulfur Dioxide). (Briney, 2010) Sometimes excessive amounts of CO2 in the air may also mix with rain water to form an acidic rain. The source of this Carbon Dioxide may be from the fossil fuel in automobiles. Industrial emission of Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen are also major causes of acid rain. Effects of acid rain Acid rain has adverse effects on the environment and human beings as a whole. This rain affects almost all kinds of man made structures and animals. Below are the main effects of acidic rain.   * It corrodes metal works and statues made of limestone   * It causes damage to forests by causing trees to lose their leaves.   * It alters soil nutrients killing microorganisms that inhabit the soil.   * Alters the pH o
The Organization’s Mission Dunkin’ Donuts is one of the famous franchises in the world that serves coffee and donuts, bagels, munchkins, muffins, cookies, and other bakery goods. Dunkin’ offers a range of 52 types of donuts and numerous flavors of coffee to its customers all over the world. Dunkin’ Donuts serves approximately 3 million people every day worldwide. The mission of Dunkin’ Donuts is that it will work hard to be the dominant retailer of high-quality donuts, bakery products, and beverages in the market in which they choose to compete. The mission statement has helped the company to grow and develop itself and has also helped it to come this long way that is from where it started out to be a single coffee shop to where it is now having somewhere around 7988 outlets worldwide. (Dunkin’ Donuts, 2008) The General Objectives or Goals of the Organization Dunkin’ Donuts has certain objectives for itself, and the management of the company is working very hard to achieve those objectives and to make the company a strategically successful organization. The objectives are as follows:  1. Aims to be a leader in the donuts and beverages industry.  2. Provide top-quality products and services to its customers.  3. Give the customer the best experience.  4. To stay above the competition.  5. Maintain long-term relationships with the suppliers so that there is an uninterrupted supply of coffee  6. Dunkin’ Donuts strives to establish itself in every market niche. The goal of Dunkin’ Donuts Brands is to become a leader in the food industry worldwide. Dunkin’ Brands plans to do that by giving its customers a better version of a quick dining experience with new product choices and a reasonable price. The Marketing Environment Dunkin’ Donuts has to make sure that they are practicing ethically and in a social environment or not. Dunkin’ Donuts is known as the no.1 retailer today in hot and ice regular coffee and its donuts. This basically shows Dunkin’ Donuts has the strategic ability to adapt to the changing forces resulting in the environment. The company is committed to the environmental responsibility of a community. Dunkin’ Donuts follows environmental regulations and promotes cleanliness within its surroundings. They also support charitable programs and have taken many steps in promoting and supporting their community. Dunkin’ Donuts has sponsored educational programs and also provided funds for different events such as the Special Olympics, AYSO soccer teams, etc. They are in relation with a non-profit organization called “Coffee Kids,” which supports impoverished families in coffee-producing countries like Mexico and Central America. In 2008 the organization went green and opened its very first LEED outlet. (Dunkin’ Donuts, 2008) The Customers It Serves Dunkin’ Donuts serves approximately 3 million people every day worldwide. Dunkin’ Donuts has three target markets. They are as follows: Target Markets Adults          It will include professionals, i.e., doctors, bankers
Introduction Freight transport system is becoming less sustainable. This is because it has increased in volume and become more intricate, coupled by environmental and societal concerns as well. The increased demand for raw materials and finished products and the need to move some of them over long distances has in turn strained the transport system and increased environmental pollution due to the large amounts of energy emitted. There is need to develop freight transport network system to match the needs. However, it should be recognized that freight logistics are complicated and they demand interventions of equal measure. Freight transport Freight transportation can be looked at in terms of supply chains and the logistic factors that make up the shipping strategies. In freight logistics, the government’s scope is mostly restricted to regulatory functions, with most temporary decisions being made by the private stakeholders. For decisions considered to be long-term, the public plays some roles such as transport system layout, development, and how it works. The roles of the public depend on the society in question, transport means, and type of product. While planning and developing infrastructure, the government ought to consider the high volume of freight movement and be able to develop strategies to counter the negative effects that arise like pollution, truck traffic congestion, and increased truck accidents among others (Schiller, Brun & Kenworthy, 2010). Freight movements formed the determinant in the location and growth of cities. These cities evolved depending on the mechanism of transport and type of goods being transported. Growth of a city is associated with industrialization and population increase. As such, the demand for raw materials and goods also increased. However, with the advances in technology transport expenses considerably dropped resulting to increased freight transportation (Schiller, Brun & Kenworthy, 2010). Factors shaping freight movement The efficiency of freight movement depends on three factors. These are; supply chains, logistical systems, and shipping strategies. In supply chain the raw materials are brought in and taken out at different avenues. Different means of transport are employed in delivering the products to the consumer; while at the same time the products can be stored in different warehouses along the chain. Shipping strategies include consideration of the quantity and type of raw materials and products to be transported, the area to be traversed, the transport systems available, the cost of shipping for the different systems, and various policies in place among other factors. The logistical systems integrate the various decisions made based on supply chain and shipping strategies to come up with conclusions about the business and prices (Schiller, Brun & Kenworthy, 2010). The logistical system considers the freight transportation system and the means available. All the freight systems such as roads, rail lines, and inland water ways like canals, sea ports, and pipelines should be analyzed in detail. Conclusion Road expansion has
Introduction Selecting the material, which can be used in order to provide workers with a container to keep their tools in, is a very tricky task. On the one hand, the box in question must be light and easy to transport; on the other hand, it needs to be durable, resistant to a variety of aggressive environments, and, most importantly, cheap enough for the company to produce. However, when the decision must be made in favor of either carbon fiber, or aluminum, or steel, the former seems to be the most promising option despite its comparatively high price. Since carbon fiber is much more durable than the rest of the materials suggested as the basis for making boxes, it should be selected as the key raw substance for creating boxes for the company staff, as the investments made in the production process will inevitably be compensated with the durability of the material, as well as comfort in its use. Discussion Seeing that each of the three materials in question is highly resistant to corrosion (Tavakkolizadeh & Saadatmanesh, 2009), their fortitude must be evaluated first. Indeed, according to the information provided by Tavakkolizadeh and Saadatmanesh, steel and aluminum are prone to corrosion mostly in the environment, which presupposes a disposure to certain aggressive factors (Tavakkolizadeh & Saadatmanesh, 2009, p. 201). Assessing the strength and fortitude of the target materials should be carried out in the fashion that presupposes comparing their strength to weight ratio. Also identified as the specific strength (Gite & Margaj, 2013), the characteristic in question will shed some light on both the strength and the durability of the materials, as well as the ease in their use. Table 1. Comparative Analysis of the Fortitude of the Key Materials (Gite & Margaj, 2013, para. 2). Material                Specific Strength Spectra fiber           3619              Kevlar                  2514              Carbon Fiber            2457              Glass Fiber             1307              Spider Silk             1069              Carbon Epoxy Composite  785               Balsa axial load        521               Steel alloy             254               Aluminum alloy          222               Polypropylene           89                Oak                     87                Nylon                   69                 A closer look at the material in question will show that carbon fiber is several times more efficient than steel and aluminum alloy (9.67 and 11.07 correspondingly). The specified quality of the material shows that the box made of carbon fiber will be several times more durable and, at the same time, several times lighter than the boxes made of steel and aluminum. Price is another essential characteristic of the materials under analysis. Unfortunately, this is one of the few issues that do not speak in favor of carbon fiber, as the latter is comparatively expensive. Defined by its efficacy, innov
Introduction Traditionally, old age is associated with both physical and mental frailty. However, a number of studies exist that disprove the notion that specific abilities deteriorate in the elderly. This paper is concerned with disproving the myth that mental and physical deterioration inevitably accompany old age. Analysis The elderly are perceived as inactive, infirm, dissatisfied with life, and needing nothing more than peace and rest. The traditional biological model of aging emphasizes a decline and deterioration in function (Victor, 2013). The role of age is dominant in the measurement of intellectual ability, which is proven by IQ tests (Botwinick, 2013). However, a number of studies disprove that these notions exist. A population-based, mixed-methods study evaluated whether physical, cognitive, and mental functions in individuals decreased with age. The goal of the study was to comprehensively assess these central areas of functioning by investigating “which health and psychosocial characteristics were most important for explaining individual differences in mental health indicators (i.e., depression and life satisfaction)” (Jopp, Park, Lehrfeld, & Paggi, 2016, p. 2). The participants were interviewed as per their daily lives and health status, and the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Global Deterioration Scale were employed to measure their cognitive functioning. An assessment of their mental health was made using the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Statistical analyses were then used to interpret the results. The results indicated that the majority of the participants dealt with multimorbidity; however, 67% subjectively perceived themselves as being in good health and experiencing moderate difficulties with their daily tasks. The findings demonstrated high cognitive function, with 93% having no or little cognitive limitations. More than 80 % of the participants of the study did now show any symptoms of depression; life satisfaction was found to be moderate. Overall, the findings indicated that the elderly subjects were in rather good psychological health and were capable to meet challenges typically associated with their age (Jopp et al., 2016). A community-based study of Thomas et al. (2017) was concerned with the hypothesis of whether mental health improves with age. The researchers examined both linear and non-linear trends of health (including physical, mental, and cognitive conditions) throughout life (Thomas et al., 2017). Cross-sectional data were obtained via phone interviews using a random digit dialing method. Self-report measures of physical health, cognition, and the positive and negative attributes of mental health were collected and analyzed via power polynomial regression models. The findings revealed that the old age is typically connected with better mental health despite the fact that the other two conditions deteriorate with aging (Thomas et al., 2017). A study by Carvalho, Rea, Parimon, and Cusack (2014) is a meta-review on the correlation between physical activity
Modern mass media often pay much attention to Ebola, swine influenza, and other virulent diseases. Admittedly, their dangers should not be disregarded by the community. However, there is a far greater threat that is often overlooked by different stakeholders. In particular, I would like to speak about childhood obesity and the effects that it produces. This problem has long been of great concern to me, and I have examined many books and articles that can throw light on this problem. Overall, it is possible to say that this problem requires urgent action from parents, educators and medical workers who need to change the lifestyles of many children and in this way, they can address many health problems. During this speech, I will first highlight the health effects of childhood obesity. Moreover, I would like to focus on the underlying causes of this problem, especially the eating habits of many children and their lifestyles. Finally, it is important to illustrate a possible solution to this problem that can harm many children and adolescents. These are the main questions that should be examined more closely. At first, one should mention that childhood obesity can produce various adverse effects on the health of a person during various periods of his/her life. It is important to note that overweight can lead to such problems as diabetes, gallbladder disease, and cardiovascular diseases (Nonas & Foster, 2009, p. 260). Moreover, much attention should be paid to the risk of hypertension which significantly impairs the life of a person (Nonas & Foster, 2009, p. 260). One should mention that the detrimental effects of childhood obesity manifest themselves during adulthood, especially, if a child does not change his/her lifestyle and eating habits (Jelalian & Steele, 2008, p. 145). This is one of the details that should be taken into consideration by parents. Judging from my personal experiences, I can tell that many adults have to deal with the effects of childhood obesity (Loue, 2007, p. 247). For instance, these people are more exposed to the risk of type 2 diabetes. As a result, they have to struggle with various challenges. Furthermore, one should not overlook the enormous costs of obesity-related diseases; in particular, these expenses can equal approximately $ 190 billion every year (Arundel Street Consulting, 2013, p. 41). Provided that the rates of childhood obesity
Introduction Blockchain technology, or Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), is cutting-edge technology, which can be defined as a decentralized, distributed ledger that registers the origin of a digital asset. The central characteristics of the concept of blockchain are decentralization, transparency, autonomy, immutability, and anonymity [1]. The most famous example of DLT is bitcoin, a digital currency, or a cryptocurrency created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 [2]. While bitcoin remains a controversial matter due to creating a multibillion-dollar market of anonymous entities, blockchain is not controversial as it has worked flawlessly since the day of creation [2]. Apart from cryptocurrencies, the technology is being widely applied to financial and non-financial spheres, including private securities, insurance, the internet of things (IoT), the music industry, and anti-counterfeit solutions [2]. The present paper aims at describing how blockchain technology can be used to secure digital transactions in the future. Security in Blockchain Security in blockchain technology can be achieved using several methods. Traditionally, the security of transactions depends on the presence of a trusted third party, such as a bank. In bitcoin, security is achieved by executing proof of work (PoW) and consensus algorithms, which helps to avoid including a third party, which decreases the probability of security breach [3]. However, PoW has significant drawbacks, as it can be used only in large networks due to the possibility of a majority attack [1]. Moreover, PoW is extremely energy inefficient, which creates environmental concerns. Therefore, other methods of verification were introduced, such as proof of stake (PoS), proof-of-possession, and proof of credibility [3]. New types of verification can be used in combinations to defend networks from malicious users by increasing the costs of attacks and decreasing the incentives for attacks. Applying Blockchain to Digital Transactions DLT has promising features for ensuring the security of digital transactions, which was demonstrated in bitcoin. According to Puthal et al., “distributed public ledger is immune to any tampering as it is highly encrypted using advanced cryptography” [4, p. 21]. However, blockchain cannot be applied to all transactions due to some drawbacks. In particular, DLT cannot be applied to time-sensitive systems, as it takes considerable time for a block to be accepted into the blockchain, which is approximately 10 minutes for bitcoins [4]. A company may consider using the technology only if multiple parties frequently generate transactions dependent on a third party, which cannot be trusted [4]. Moreover, validation of transactions is prioritized, and data integrity is valued more than confidentiality and time of processing [4]. Even though the list of applicable industries is limited by these factors, blockchain can be used in various spheres. Currently, there are numerous developments in the blockchain that will help to secure transactions in the future. For instance, IBM and Samsung united to create a proof of concept (PoC), which will be used for a new generation of the IoT