ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Community development remains a major concept in the world today, being integrated in learning institutions and in several communities. This emphasis is immensely based on the role, which it continues to play in most countries around the world. Due to the changing needs of the society, community development has significantly advanced in order address several emerging issues, as it empowers the people. Throughout history, community development has been faced with issues and challenges, which have been handled through a myriad of approaches. On the other hand, issues, which affect community development, have hampered the realization of some of the agenda driven by groups and organizations, with the aim of empowering the community (Ledwith 2011, p. 13). This essay discusses change management in community development, with regard to how conflicts are handled and use of comprise to achieve desired results. In particular, the analysis will focus on examples of change for workers and communities, looking at the strengths and limitations that are involved. To achieve this target, up-to-date references will be used, to allow a comparison of views discussed by different authors and researchers, regarding the concept of community development. What is community development? In understanding the concept of community development and some of the issues, which affect it, it is essential to appreciate that most of these activities take place in rural areas, under rural community development. Community experts define this as a process, which is usually carried out by the community, by helping its members to be fundamentally able to manage the expected change. Importantly, major benefits of community development occur as a result of efforts injected by local people through mobilization of skills, change of attitude, different approaches in solving problems, improved networks and use of available assets through unique and new ways (Phillips, 2009, p. 3). Even though community development aims at empowering the community economically, it is crucial to appreciate that it gears towards establishing a strong functioning community. The five capitals of a community, which are normally emphasized by rural communities, are: physical, environmental, social, human, and financial. Through the community, people are able to reconsider their stance on various problems and expand contacts and networks. From a literal point of view, community development merges the idea of “community” with “development” through different ways. Based on the fact that a community is formed by people, who have a shared identity, community development solely depends on interactions between people and collective action, instead of emphasizing individual activities. This is commonly referred to as collective agency by some sociologists. In addition, development is widely viewed as a process, which is capable of increasing choices for members of the community. With increased choices, the community is further exposed to new options, diversification, analyzing of issues and anticipating change (Defilippis 2007, p. 9). Development enc
Abstract Enhancing the potential of soldiers is currently one of the key goals of the U.S. military. There is no need to stress the fact that soldiers are exposed to an array of factors that drain their physical potential. For instance, they are supposed to carry significant weight, therefore affecting their osseous system and facing the threat of sustaining an injury. Furthermore, the excessive amounts of walking that constitute a part of the soldiers’ experience also have a tangible impact on their physical abilities, strength, and stamina. Exhausting themselves and exposing themselves to the threat of developing health issues related to their skeletal system, soldiers need the tools that could provide support and address the issues related to the physical challenges. Furthermore, the necessity to carry a heavy load, which tends to increase as new tools are introduced into the environment of the U.S. military, is likely to trigger severe back injuries in soldiers as well as numerous complications that will reduce their quality of life and eventually lead to the necessity to use a wheelchair as the main mode of transportation. Current Situation: An Overview The introduction of exoskeletons is bound to have a prominently positive effect on the current situation. By helping to reduce the physical challenges that U.S. soldiers are exposed to in the military setting, the identified devices are bound to make a difference in the target realm. The first and the most obvious is that exoskeletons help soldiers carry significant weight for an increased amount of time without feeling tired. In other words, the threat of a spinal injury or the development of chronic issues related to the osseous system can be successfully prevented (Bender, 2011). Objectives and Issues The objective of the study is to draw up a viable marketing plan that will help attract attention to the issue of exoskeleton usage. For understandable reasons, the innovation is taken with a grain of salt at present by the U.S. military authorities. However, in a long-term perspective, the use of exoskeletons is likely to help save a substantial amount of financial resources. Indeed, by providing the foundation for helping soldiers remain healthy during the course of their service, fewer veterans will require financial assistance as they wil
NFL UK has proved to be a successful project as it attracts significant attention in the country where such well—established sports as soccer, Formula 1, rugby are still very popular. Clearly, NFL UK has a lot of issues as it has quite insignificant number of fans (compared to the USA). Some of the events organized, which were quite expensive, did not bring a revenue but were promotional in character. It is also important to remember that the organization had extremely bad times a number of years ago. Nonetheless, the organization can achieve really high results and expand considerably. It can generate a significant amount of money in revenue. Alistair Kirkwood, NFL UK managing director, has a number of good ideas that can make the organization expand effectively. UK franchise can be a good idea, as it is estimated that it can provide $200 million in revenues within two years. Of course, this can face certain opposition especially from US fans and cities that cannot obtain a franchise. However, it is necessary to explain (launch a large-scale program) that this is an important step in popularizing the American sport (as well as culture) worldwide. Another important step is to make sure that the Super Bowl game can be held in the UK (London or Edinburgh) as it is one of the most spectacular and significant sport events. This can increase the number of fans of the game in the UK as well as in other countries worldwide. Of course, American fans can be resistant to this idea as the Super Bowl game is seen as another national holiday in the USA. Many Americans believe that this is something that cannot be taken away from Americans. It can be a good idea to launch the Super Bowl International that will be held in different countries after a draw ceremony. Clearly, the UK is not ready for such a large-scale venue. Therefore, the first Super Bowl International can be held in Canada where lots of fans are waiting for that. Meanwhile, the educational and promotional programs in the UK will continue to attract as many fans and viewers as possible. Of course, it is crucial to continue studying the market and developing strategies to meet potential and existing customers’ needs. It is clear that the industry is developing at a high pace and there are loads of opportunities for the organization in the UK as well as other countries. People are looking for new experiences and globalization contributes to popularization of some kinds of sports. UK soccer fans (including hooligans) show that people of the UK can be avid fans of a sport game. Hence, the NFL UK has numerous prospects in the region. Of course, ineffective management can lead to a complete failure and it already happened in the late 1990s when many games were canceled. Therefore, NFL UK management has to understand the needs of British people and be able to respond to them. There are still many people who simply do not understand the concept of the game and, hence, do not like it. Promotion, education and research are key factors of the future
The research proposal discusses the role of the technology (wiki) in the English Language Arts educational process and its connection to the common core state standards (CCSs). The measurements of the chosen learning outcomes, like the challenges teachers face while implementing CCSSs, are feasible indeed as the answers to the open-ended questions help to realize how the technological progress may influence the educational process. Unfortunately, the proposal does not present a clear discussion of such concepts as learner motivation, control, or possible interactions. It contains a brief description of such learner attributes like student’s age (11 and 12 graders), learning style (the use of wiki technologies), and expectations (students need to achieve better results in education using the technologies). This is why there are many potential problems in the chosen procedures. Technology is defined as an issue with no particular standards (Haertel & Means, 2003), and certain attention should be paid to the pedagogical approaches and technological quality. It is also hard to define whether the success of students’ grades depends on the use of the technologies only, or some other outside factors can influence the process. In the proposal, the author does not define the target audience, and it is impossible to say whether the chosen subject matter is age-appropriate for the audience. Still, the audience should be connected with ELA and the standards. The author’s attention to the ethical issue is also minimal. It is mentioned that all teachers’ answers remain to be anonymous, students have to use information considering certain ethical norms, and teachers should follow the standards set (Burns, Aitkenhead, Frederick, & Huddy, 2013). The author explains how the chosen open-ended questions and case studies may help to evaluate the peculiarities of the educational process and the impact of technologies and what kind of limitations may become a problem for research. The paper does not also correspond with the APA style rules. In-text citations should be put as follows (author’s name, year) (Paiz, Angeli, Wagner, Lawrikck, Moore, Anderson, Soderlund, Brizee, & Keck, 2014). In the proposal, there is no comma between the year and the author’s name. It is also necessary to write the names of all authors in case the source is mentioned for the first time. The author does not follow this requirement as well. There are discrepancies in spacing and headings. There is no page header. In general, the paper may be strengthened if the author edits and proofreads it properly following the APA standards precisely because minor mistakes take place throughout the paper and adds more specific information about the research variables and the conditions under which the chosen subject should be discussed. Reference List Burns, M.K., Aitkenhead, J.M., Frederick, C.M., & Huddy, S. (2013). Undergraduate internship expectations: Strategic encouragement of student involvement. Student Pulse, 5 (12). Web. Haertel, G.D. & Means, B. (2003). Evaluating educational technology: Effective research designs
Zara is a Spanish-based retailer of clothing/accessories (part of the Inditex group), which during recent years was able to gain a global fame, due to its truly innovative retailing strategy. Unlike what it is the case with other clothing-retailers that operate in the same segment of the market, the actual time between the point when a particular Zara-branded product gets to be conceived on a sketch pad and the point when it becomes available for purchasing at the Company’s stores, accounts for only two weeks. This allows Zara to promptly react to the demand-fluctuations in the global market of fashion (as of 2014, there were 1895 of the Company’s stores operating across the world), which in turn substantially increases the rate of Zara’s competitiveness, and consequently makes it possible for the Company to pursue the policy of aggressive expansion on a global scale. The main reasons as to why Zara was able to get ahead of the competition, in this respect, are as follows:  1. The designing/manufacturing processes within the Company are vertically integrated.  2. Zara refrains from adopting the policy of outsourcing, as it is the case with most of the fashion-industry companies: “Zara produces half of its merchandise in factories in Spain and Portugal, keeping the manufacturing of the most fashionable items in-house” (Capell 066).  3. Zara experiments with the innovative ways of marketing, such as adopting the ‘clicks-and-bricks’ operational mode. Hence, the essence of Zara’s business strategy – crea
Why it’s Necessary to Examine Alternative System Concepts Being able to examine several alternative system concepts before coming up with a final set of system performance is necessary. Therefore, efforts must be made to reach out to as many possible courses of action as there are candidate alternatives. There are reasons as to why this should be done. First, it is to ensure that any alternative that is not in line with the basic requirement is not accepted. Secondly, requirements including growth potential, logistic support, system cost, and maintainability of various alternatives should be considered to reach at a result that expresses thoroughness. Thirdly, a search for all options that are worth being considered is done to establish that a promising one is not inadvertently left out. This augments objectivity. Failing to examine an adequate range of these concepts might result into acquisition of a system that is neither objective nor competitive enough. Since such a system may be lacking in these vital aspects including evidence that confirms its thoroughness, it may fail to be acceptable to both the manager and the customer. Fourth, the current system concept may contain deficiencies that can either be modified or removed by considering an alternative which may have a greater growth potential and cost reduction (Kassiakoff et al, 2003, p. 430-433). Concepts for Solving the SAR Problem Accomplishing search and rescue problems is the main activity of SAR. It entails planning of dissimilar events to ensure that their coordination is optimum. The systems ought to be partitioned into subtasks in which there are thorough communications to be utilized in solving the problems posed by the dependencies. The analysis performed on this system can be used on various planning environments such as maritime rescue, fire department, and emergency rescue. The complexity of the operations calls for other problem solving concepts such as planning of certain tasks as well as the coordination of resources and devices (Hruska and Hashimoto, 2000, p. 85-89). Regional seismic monitoring is another concept for solving SAR problems. It is used for making a quick estimate of damage made by an earthquake in an urban place. This avails important informati
Introduction The accounting field is fascinating. It has various positions in society and organizations leading to upward career mobility. All the business and non-business industries need accounting services for the efficient management of funds. Career Options Accounts field mainly deals with funds either in cash or via cheques. One can work as a cashier. Cashiers mostly deal with the receipt disbursement and management of money (AICPA, 2016). They should understand how to balance their books of accounts such that their records are correct. Audit firms need accountants. An accountant can open one or join an already established review company. Companies hire auditors to check their books and get them ready for presentation to the board of directors and the shareholders. They advise the company on the best policy to employ in accounting for their books (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016). Some organizations have internal auditors to check their accounting work. Audited books by registered external auditors become relevant for the official presentation to the public. Organizations also need Finance Managers and Directors who have an accounting background. Their work is to supervise the accounts departments and make sure that they provide good reports for decision-making purposes. The Finance Managers can present such reports to important meetings or guide in the presentation process. The Finance Director may be the final person to cross-check the accounting work and submit to the board for strategy making. Accountants can also work as bank tellers. They receive money from the customers for deposit. They also accept cheques and record them into the system. They help customers collect their withdrawals from the bank. Credit officers and credit managers deal with credit matters (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016). Finance Manager Apart from having good grades, a finance manager must have a formal accounting qualification. The finance section has rigorous processes, standards, and commercial best practices. The individual must have the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants updated registration and certificate. Education is as important as the expertise in this field. The manager should be able to communicate. It involves having strong written and oral communication skills (Taylor, 2013). One should simplify the financial jargon for understanding by the listeners. One also needs financial reporting skills. The manager has to be ready to produ
The use of biopsychosocial perspective to evaluate, assess, and treat a patient allows practitioners to view the patient from multiple viewpoints rather than just mental illness. The effectiveness of the treatment should to cover all areas of the child’s life including his or her family, school, and recreation spheres. In this paper, biopsychosocial perspective will be used to evaluate, assess, and create a therapeutic intervention for a child suffering from emotional disturbances overcome with significant behavioral issues. Overview Carol, a six-year-old child, is in the first grade. Lately her family has noticed that something went wrong. These feelings were brought to the forefront when her teacher requested a meeting with her parents. It was at this meeting that the teacher explained that all of a sudden Carol has been unable to catch on to the lessons in class; moreover, she has begun exhibiting problems communication with her peers, as well as unable to communicate with other teachers. Carol’s mother then realized that she was having a hard time communicating to individuals within the family and Carol seemed to be very unlike herself. Carol also began to regress, to baby-like behaviors, such as temper tantrums and crying uncontrollably with no explanation; further, Carol has become extremely fearful and anxiety ridden over small things that had never bothered her before. Carol was finally diagnosed with depression and anxiety disorders. Therapeutic intervention To effectively come up with a therapeutic intervention for Carol, it is important to determine her source of distress; the feared stimulus. With the stimulus identified, the anxiety disorder and depression can be managed through in vivo exposure. That is, Carol will be gradually exposed to the actual feared stimulus which causes her anxiety. In vivo exposure is both a cognitive and behavioral strategy which will enable Carol overcomes her fears by appealing to cognitive skills through behavioral activities of exposing her to the stimulus. Depression is mainly caused by a distortion in the patients mind about ideas hence, when the stimulus has been identified, it is important that both parents and teachers help her change her view. This can be done through revealing the positive side of the stimulus through in vivo exposure among others. Moreover, physical exercise will also help her overcome the depression. This can be done through group therapy where Carol is gradually introduced into a therapy group during the physical activity therapy. This will also improve her socialization capabilities. Such activities as art, music and dance classes can also help her improve her declining soci
One of the most effective measures that oppressive regimes use the world over is the limitation of the freedom of speech and thoughts. This can also be interpreted to mean the freedom of expression that is sometimes manifested in the press. Autocratic governments stifle the freedom of expression of their citizens and thus create an atmosphere of fear in them. This autocracy is a way of concealing in a very strategic fashion, their evil, both locally and more so internationally. In an effort to understand why certain states curtail the freedom of speech, it is imperative to appreciate why this freedom is important to the citizens of any country. The first of this is based on the principle of truth. The governance of a state should be founded on the concrete tenets of truth and the respect for it. For democracy to work properly, the freedom of speech should not be limited. Citizens should be allowed to exercise free speech and to be able to perform their social duties effectively. On a more personal note, the freedom of expression promotes in the people a sense of self-realization. The freedom of speech guarantees that no one should be restrained from exercising it and secondly, no punishment should be meted on the one who exercises it. Restraint can mean the mulling of press freedom, the publication and subsequent dissemination of vital information to the people. Oppressive governments make laws that control the freedom of speech in its various forms. These laws are stipulated in licenses, censorship agencies, judicial authority on publication through court injunctions, and prohibition of unauthorized advertising of any material. There are, however, instances when the freedom of speech may be controlled or regulated by a government. The freedom of speech can also result in legal consequences or punitive action before or after it is exercised. This can happen when the freedom is abused to the extent that it causes harm to the public or it negates national interests. This can also happen when it contravenes or endangers national security. It can also be prevented when it is deemed to incite crime or when it is a breach to peace. Obscene language, seditious information, slanderous information, and libel cannot enjoy immunity from either prohibition or punishment (Smith 9). Having thus understood why freedom of speech is important, it is important to make an analysis of how various regimes