Propaganda proliferated by Boko Haram Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad also known as Boko Haram is a militant Islamic group in Northern Nigeria. The term Boko Haram derives its meaning from the native Hausa language, which loosely translates to prohibition of Western education. Even though Mohamed Yusuf, a charismatic Muslim cleric, founded the militia in 2002, it launched its military operations in the year 2009. The dreadful actions aimed at causing havoc majorly in Christian strongholds characterise the activities of the group. The group target government facilities, churches and security agencies. Besides, Boko Haram militia attacked the government girl’s secondary school in predominantly Christian state of Borno and kidnapped over three hundred girls. The kidnappings prompted abuzz of media criticism of Boko Haram for carrying out such an inhuman act. In their defense, the militant group embarked on different propaganda techniques to justify their actions. One of the techniques the militia used is to sensationalise Islamic religious belief system. Boko Haram makes adherents believe that the scriptures within the Holy Book guide their actions. Quran considers non-believers in the teachings of Allah as transgressors. However, such teachings do not apply in any traditions of Quran. Boko Haram forbids any Muslim from engaging in any political or social activities associated with the cultural practices, beliefs and policies of the western nations. Besides, the group constantly opposes the Nigerian government, any form of western education and dressing among other practices. Secondly, Boko Haram has been propagating fear among the Christian population. In particular, the terror group constantly reports forceful conversion of the captured victim to Islam. The group uses fear propaganda to cause panic among the population and get ransom from the authorities and the victims’ families. Third, experts argue that Boko Haram systematically applies testimonials from Muslim clerics to incite the predominantly Muslim north against the largely Christian south. Precisely, the group uses this propaganda strategy as well as emotional words that make Muslims feel strongly attached to their course. The communication strategies and tactics of Marks Spencer Inc Marks Spencer is an international firm that specialises in home appliances and apparel products ranging from clothes to fixtures and food items. The firm operates in approximately seven hundred locations in over thirty-four countries (Marks & Spencer, 2012). The firm applies the James Grunig’s model of press agent or the publicity model of public relations. The model emphasises on the need for a press agent or publicist to champion the communication strategy of the organisation. The model endorses the press agent through enormous media coverage in an attempt to promote the visibility of the firm’s products in the market. Generally, the truth is not an absolute requirement. Similarly, understanding is not a necessity under this model. Recently, Marks & Spencer acquired the services of actress Caroline Quentin’ voice in advertisement on visual media. The voice stresses on what makes M&S food special and different from others. A television advertisement of the firm’s spring women wear fe