ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Body Art and Social Status In this article, Sheila Jeffreys examines the development of the body modification industry. In particular, the author focuses on the practices which can be described as self-mutilation, for instance, one can mention tattooing, cutting, or piercing. In particular, the scholar argues that these practices are popular among people who occupy the so-called “despised social status” (Jeffreys 2000, p. 410). Among them, Sheila Jeffreys distinguishes women, lesbians or gay men as well as people who were the victims of child abuse. The author believes that this behavior can be the result of continuous abuse or marginalization of “a hetero-patriarchal culture” (Jeffreys 2000, p. 410). To elaborate on this argument, the author refers to the experiences of some women who continuously practiced self-mutilation. Many of them resent the very idea of “being female” (Jeffreys 2000, p. 413). Furthermore, the author mentions that many of the people, who undergo body modification procedures, were the victims of sexual abuse during childhood. Furthermore, the author mentions that in many cultures, women had to change their body image to become more appealing to men. For instance, one can mention foot-bound women in China. The main point is that the people who act in this way have often been marginalized by society. Moreover, the scholar’s main premise is that these individuals began to despise themselves. The ideas expressed by the author can throw light on some of the motives that prompt people to modify their bodies through self-mutilation. To some degree, this assumption may be considered by researchers because a person’s willingness of mutilating his/her body may be a sign of some psychological problems. Nevertheless, the article lacks empirical data, which can show that some groups of people are more likely to use piercing, tattooing, or cut
Goal Beach resort is designed as a world class five star hotel with the aim of redefining the hotel industry in Mauritius. Extensive market research reveals a market gap in the provision of hotel services for the aristocrats (football stars such as Didier Drogba, Wayne Rooney, and Ji Park Sung; top CEOs, executives and the world’s richest such as Steve Jobs, Larry Page, Jerry Yang Warren Buffet; actors like Angelina J, Will Smith and Megan Fox) in Northern Mauritius. In addition to these they are deprived of choice as most hotels are built with the same business models. Goal Beach Resort intends to capitalize on the 2010 FIFA World cup to be staged in South Africa later in the year, as the preferred resort for the nobles. Facilities and services to be offered shall include 10 international status bungalows and villas, swimming pools, gyms, sauna, tennis courts, live music shows and entertainment. Meals will also be served daily with 24-hr security surveillance. The proprietors are Dubai based investors (the Rene Db group) made up of seven United Arab Emirates nationals. Their long experience in business ideas identification and recruitment of personnel make them suitable to be directors of Goal Beach Resort. Abdul Saif, a retired executive of the group’s largest resort in Malaysia, has worked as the overall deputy director in the Datai, Malaysia (one of the best beach resorts in the world). He will serve as the director general owing to his previous experience. The wide investment base from Rene Db Group enables it to select an experienced management and other staff across the board to work in this new establishment. Business objectives Goal Beach Resort intends to capitalize on the 2010 FIFA World cup by providing hotel services to the high end class participants; this will also form its market afterwards. To achieve this, it will curve out a niche in the market as a Resort of choice in Mauritius and earn maximum returns. It also aims to provide consumers with an alternative of choice to make in picking a resort. Vision and mission statement The mission of the firm is to become the preferred resort in Mauritius for the high-end class of tourists, local delegations and individuals by offering superior unrivalled facilities, products and services. The firm will help set standards in the hotel industry and in turn, satisfy different customer tastes and preferences. The hotel industry in Mauritius Mauritius has become a large tourist destination owing to: its prime location, existence of a range of unique beaches and increased marketing by local agencies and authorities through online portals. In addition to these the use of tour operators as marketers has significantly strengthened the tourist industry. Previously, Mauritius used to be a French tourist destination. However, with marketing, tourists have been arriving from other destinations including England, Australia and South Africa. Other drivers of the growing popularity of this newly found holiday destination are, the friendly nature of the Mauritian people, the beaut
The shortage of clean water affects millions of people living in different regions of the world. For instance, one can mention Northern Africa and the Middle East since these regions are adversely affected by draughts. Moreover, this problem results in numerous diseases that can take thousands of lives [1]. This is the main reason why this issue should not be overlooked. Additionally, it is important to remember that the lack of clean water impairs the economic development of many countries. In particular, one can speak about the needs of farmers and industrial enterprises [1]. One should keep in mind that in many cases, this problem is not directly related to climate, since very often people cannot get access to water due to political conflicts and economic difficulties. Overall, this issue is great concern to governmental and non-governmental organizations. These are some of the main details should be considered. This topic is closely related to engineering since it is necessary to find technological solutions that can make water more accessible. In many cases, the countries, which are affected by this problem, may lack the technologies that can be used for water purification. While working on this problem, engineers will need to consider various factors. For instance, very often it is necessary to remove a specific contaminant from water, and it is necessarily to design products that can be applied for this particular purpose. Additionally, one should consider such a criterion as cost-effectiveness since these technologies must be affordable to various communities. So, it is possible to say that this problem still presents a challenge to engineers. More importantly, these professionals can develop solutions that can benefit thousands or even millions of people. Overall, there are several solutions that can be used to alleviate problem. For instance, one can speak about the desalination systems which are based on such a process as reverse osmosis (RO) [2]. The use of RO membrane facilitates the extraction of salt. It is important to remember that this technology has become m
Both UCR and NCVS note that the rates of violent victimization have been on a downward trend in the past two decades. Specifically, from 1993 to 2010 there was a 70% decline in violent crime victimization (Truman, 2011). A similar trend was observed in the serious violent crime victimization rate, which declined by 73% to reach 5.4 per 1,000 persons age 12 or older in 2010 from 20.5 in 1993 (Truman, 2011). Another decline was witnessed in property crime victimization rates, which dropped from 318.9 per 1,000 households in 1993 to 120.2 per, 1000 households in 2010 (Truman, 2011). Although both UCR and NCVS concur that the rate of violent and property crimes declined, they differ on the aspect of the number of all the crimes reported. While UCR noted a decline in the 2009-2010 periods, NCVS did not see a statistical significance in this decline (Truman, 2011). The variations arise from how the two institutions define crimes, their bases of calculating the crime rates, and methodology used in data collection and analysis (Department of Justice, 2004). Historical precedent and explanation for the crime drop There was an increase in incarceration between 1970 and 2000 (Ouimet, 2004). This saw the number of inmates in jails and prisons increase by over 500% (Ouimet, 2004). This might have caused a drop in crime rates. Other factors to this effect were economic growth that led to more jobs, a decline in drug trafficking, the institution of community policing, and community participation in drug eradication (Ouimet, 2004). Theories Social ecology: This theory focuses on community deterioration, disorder, and poverty as sources of crime. With economic growth, there was a reduction in poverty and more community involvement thus reducing crime rates. Social bond theory: This theory focuses on ideas of why people do not indulge in crime. The concept of attachment to others as utilized in this theory may help explain how potential criminals got attached to the community and worked towards achieving community goals, thus deviating from crimes such as armed robbery. Rational choice theory: Risks of committing a crime such as long-term jail sentences would outweigh the benefits the offender may be thinking of. Thus, incarceration and restrictive jail terms acted as deterrent factors for committing a crime. The rational choice theory provides the most powerful explanation for the crime drop. This is because as noted earlier, the crime rate dropped more significantly when many people were jailed and there were restrictive jail terms. Therefore, potential criminals have to weigh their costs and benefits carefully. Reference List Department of Justice. (2004). The Nation’s Two Crime Measures . Web. Jong, C. (2011). Bible online . Web. Jrank,Inc. (2011). Moral and Religious Influences – Religion And Crime, Shame Penalties, Religion i
Introduction While the majority of studies aimed at improving the quality of medical services provided for patients with cancer have examined the standard procedures of oncology care, they did not consider the importance of early referrals (Hausner et al., 2021). This paper addressed this gap by confirming the benefits of outpatient palliative care in this case compared to late visits to healthcare facilities. Moreover, it presents a number of factors, which relate to demographics and services to underpin the conclusions. Purpose and Theoretical Framework The purpose of this study was to prove the connection between early referrals to hospitals for patients with cancer and the possibility of a positive outcome of treatment for them. The eleven scholars hypothesized that there is a clear connection between the above circumstances, which improves the quality of life for the affected persons (Hausner et al., 2021). They did not explicitly state the adopted theoretical framework for the examination of the determined issue, but it can be formulated as per the humanistic model. This approach was developed by Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad and implied the principal role of nurses in the process (“Humanistic model,” n.d.). More specifically, the framework created by Jean Watson, which is known as a theory of human caring, is suitable for the case (“Humanistic model,” n.d.). Its selection is explained by the fact that the practice of early referrals complies with the attention to the interactions of patients with healthcare workers. Methodology Hausner et al. (2021) conducted a statistical analysis of pre- and post-evidence cohorts of patients with cancer selected from the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto. They were compared with the use of several instruments for this purpose, which are ” Fisher’s exact tests, t tests, and log-rank tests” (Hausner et al., 2021, p. 335). The data gathered in the course of the study was both of qualitative and quantitative nature. The former was reflected by descriptive statistics turned into numerals, and the latter included “tumor site, oncologist specialty, and oncologist sex” (Hausner et al., 2021, p. 335). Other tools were ESAS (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System) scores, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, and the Holm-Bonferroni method, which allows concluding on the prevalence of symptoms in participants (Hausner et al., 2021). Thus, the study incorporates various data for receiving precise results. Major Findings/Conclusions The findings confirmed the hypothesis and, therefore, justified the necessity of early referrals for patients with cancer. According to them, out of 337 patients (initially 407, some patients were excluded due to the lack of evidence) in the pre-evidence cohort, 63 were reported to be alive in a year (Hausner et al., 2021). The post-evidence group contained 415 patients, and the medical and demographic characteristics did not play any significant role in their outcomes (Hausner et al., 2021). The confirmed difference was the increase in the number of female on
Acknowledgment The following Project is the positive and diligent output of the clear and fair learning and understanding of the Purnell Model in the classroom. It indeed enables to apply all the classroom learning and understanding towards the real-life projects that are practical in approach. It further enhances the capability of the student to critically analyze different cultures based on the knowledge and indulgent from the Purnell model. The implication and implementation of the Purnell model on our choosing Culture, which will be explored and elaborated with all the knowledge gained and understanding, made during the course, further augment the research skills that would be helpful and useful in the courses or projects ahead in academics and practical life after the campus. As said earlier, it would not only help in the theoretically gained knowledge, in the class, to apply in the real world, but it would also help understand the knowledge of general aspect that is covered in each module of the Purnell Model throughout the course. With all the helpful and fruitful guidance and instructions from the instructor, the selection of choosing a Culture became possible. It also became more helpful to apply all the module of Purnell Model to the selected Culture that would be discussed shortly. Hence, enables to apply all the theoretical and practical understanding of the Purnell Model cultural specifically. Also, the literature review and the scholarly article research became possible via the understanding of general aspect knowledge in the classroom. Hence, we dedicate all the learning and outcome, in the form of this session long project, to the instruction without whom assistance and instructions, it would not have been possible. Therefore, with all the best efforts, abilities and knowledge, this project is finally prepared to be submitted. The instructor indeed has put in a lot of efforts via contribution towards suggestion to the project. Hence, the instructor is welcomed and appreciated. Introduction The selection of a culture for the implementation of all the concepts and theory that are understood and learned in the classroom is the important stride in the preparation of this Session Long Project. In order to make a clear impression and clarification for the instructor, the Culture selection was subjected to desire of the student. Hence, it enables the student to choose a culture that not only completes their Session long project’s step, but also allows them to ap
Restricting individuals from aggressive panhandling is a complicated issue that needs careful consideration to be addressed. For Fargo’s city council, it is essential to realize that limiting citizens on asking for money can violate the First Amendment. Therefore, before proceeding with a municipal ordinance, it is necessary to appeal to the existing statutes, cases, and recent scholarship, which will be the focus of the current paper. First, proceeding with a municipal ordinance that restricts aggressive panhandling needs to be done with the acknowledgment of one of the most recent cases concerning panhandling and its connection to the First Amendment. The Supreme Court’s decision in Reed v. Town of Gilbert “articulated a new standard for courts to assess the content neutrality of laws regulating speech” (Lauriello, 2016, p. 1106). This case has largely determined the constitutionality of panhandling and attempts to restrict beggars from soliciting donations can potentially cause actions against the city. Moreover, another significant complication is that the Eighth Circuit, which North Dakota belongs to, has already ruled Arkansas’s anti-panhandling law as a violation of freedom of speech. The law in question “allowed for the arrest of anyone standing or remaining for the purpose of asking for anything as charity or a gift in an aggressive or threatening manner” (Harris, 2019, para. 13). Nevertheless, the municipal council might want to consider other cities’ practices, such as the New York City statute. It bans aggressive behavior, “ranging from causing a reasonable person to fear bodily harm to mere suffering of unreasonable inconvenience, annoyance or alarm” (Lauriello, 2016, p. 1126). This regulation is not content-based and, therefore, cannot be ruled as the First Amendment violation. Moreover, in the case of Fargo, it can be connected to the existing statute on disorderly conduct. It states that “An individual is guilty of a class B misdemeanor if… the individual… a) engages in harassing conduct by means of intrusive or unwanted acts, words, or gestures that are intended to adversely affect the safety, security, or privacy of another person” (The North Dakota Legislative Council, 2020, 12.1-31-01). Upon omitting content-regulation, this can become a basis for an ordinance against aggressive panhandling.
Cyberbullying is an increasingly widespread problem connected to the development of digital technologies and their influence on almost every societal aspect. It is considered an especially serious health issue among children and adolescents in primary schools, high schools, and universities, which has significant negative effects on both bullies and their victims (Peled, 2017). An understanding of the underlying causes of cyberbullying among children and adolescents is required to develop effective prevention programs. Cyberbullying is defined as the aggressive pressure and repeated harmful actions towards individuals who are disadvantaged or less powerful inflicted through electronic devices. It occurs primarily on social networking platforms and includes posting, sending, or sharing negative or wrong information about an individual to harass or intimidate (Peled, 2017). Adolescents are especially susceptible to cyber threats, which have a significant impact on their character and behavior and can lead to the development of psychological problems. Several theories have been developed to explain the nature of cyberbullying, including the social-ecological theory, which sees bullying as embedded in a larger social context and shaped by it (Wright, 2016). To this theory, cyberbullying needs to be studied by a range of social influences and understood as a complex phenomenon. The literature on the subject of adolescent cyberbullying primarily studies the effects and causes of this behavior and identifies factors related to it. According to the research by Akar (2017), the main causes of cyberbullying are “psychological problems, social and communication skill shortage, lack of parental awareness, supportive school climate, and ethical norms for cyberspace” (p. 445). Alotaibi (2019) focuses on the lack of regulations and the absence of parental controls as factors that encourage behavioral intentions towards cyber harassment in adolescents. The research by Akrim and Sulasmi (2020) studies student perceptions of cyberbullying on social media. According to the results of the questionnaire conducted among students, 40% of them think that cyberbullying is caused by anger, hurt, and revenge or by frustration and thirst for power (Akrim & Sulasmi, 2020). It shows that in contrast to scholars, students themselves tend to explain cyberbullying by negative personality traits of their peers rather than social and cultural factors. Based on the literature analysis, it can be concluded that bullying is a complex phenomenon that has different aspects and can be studied from distinct perspectives. The study by Shams et al. (2017) identifies five types of factors associated with bullying: psychological, family, school, socioeconomic, and “the influence of the media.” Psychological factors named by Akar (2017) are impulsivity, lack of empathy, anger, narcissism, psychopathy, aggression, and moral disengagement. Social factors, which include family and school, encompass all types of relationships that encourage the development of destructive behavior patterns. The influence of media is primarily
Abstract Foolishness from a psychological perspective is defined as the inability to evaluate the situation clearly and one of the components that enable it is egocentrism. In general, foolishness and its implications are considered as a notion opposed to wisdom; therefore, self-centeredness can be viewed from the perspective of humility. However, it is necessary to make a clear distinction between intelligence and wisdom, because people who are generally perceived as wise may display particular characteristics of foolishness, which means they lack proper judgment. The most distinct features of this issue are unrealistic optimism, insensitivity, omnipotence, and egocentrism. While, in general, foolishness is displayed through a belief that a person has unrealistically good capabilities, self-centeredness as a factor prevents one from recognizing facts and listening to other people’s opinions. Piaget first introduced this concept as a natural stage of child development in which one is convinced that his or her view of the world corresponds with that of others. According to Piaget’s theory, this issue can be mitigated through social interaction in which a child can gain an understanding of other’s views and adjust his or her behavior (as cited in Kesselring & Müller, 2011). In general, an egocentric person is unable to understand personal limitations and, consequently, may make foolish decisions. Researchers in the field of psychology aim to study many aspects of human behavior that enable certain habits and life choices. In this regard, foolishness is presented as an interesting concept, and the implications of it may provide an understanding of approaches to improving the cognitive skills of individuals. Wisdom and its implications is a center of interest for many researchers, while the examination of ignorance or foolishness lacks clarity. However, one can use the conventional understanding of intelligence and apply it to the concept of foolishness to compare the two and identify distinct features of both definitions. One particular aspect of foolishness that will be reviewed in this paper is egocentrism because it affects the perception of individuals and their understanding of the world. From a psychological perspective, egocentrism prevents a person from overcoming foolishness and obtaining necessary knowledge and skills for acquiring wisdom. Definition of Foolishness and its Connection to Egocentrism Due to the fact that this paper aims to examine egocentrism from the perspective of foolishness, it is necessary to define this notion first. Foolishness has many definitions, depending on a perspective from which an author decides to review the issue. For instance, Cambridge Dictionary provides the following explanation of this term – “the quality of being unwise, stupid, or not showing good judgment” (Foolishness, n.d., para. 1). Several components should be identified