ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the world of literature, ideology has played a vital role in depicting the condition of the society. The society has used ideologies to obscure the nature and composition of domination. According to Marxists, ideology is designated as a form of politics and law that is used to legitimate power to certain social class in the society. In the traditional setting, ideologies were used to discriminate one community or gender from the other. It enhanced the superiority of the dominant community through decision-making and social consciousness (Clinton et al. 48). Although ideologies are sometimes true, they have played a vital role in defining the social structure based on gender roles in society. The attitude towards gender role is often characterized by different opinions and beliefs on the roles of women and men in the society. For instance, the common ideology is that the place of women should be in the kitchen. The ideologies on gender roles have enhanced the society to define distinct roles of women and men. In most cases, women have been reported to be the victims of discriminatory acts. The belief has enabled men to have dominance over women in society. Various ways have been used to reveal the perception of ideologies in the society. In Shakespeare’s work, portrayal of ideology in his work is imminent through Medea’s character. Feminist theorists of theater turned insistently to consider how ideology was embedded in texts and performances. It displays how spectators were positioned to accept such ideologies unquestioningly. For instance, when Medea initially walked on the stage in fifth-century, she was not a woman at all; she was a man in a mask speaking of words of a male playwright to a gathering of male citizens. This has evoked legal and dramatic narratives that her daughters were succumbed to, following her stand in the society (Massai 52). Most often, like Medea, they are referred to as “non” women. Gender role ideology is demonstrated by Shakespeare through Othello’s character. Indeed, absolute social and spiritual equality between different sexes do coexist with equal absolute subjection of women that is decreed and then subverted. Puritan marriage ideology in the Renaissance provides a remarkable index of the ways in which modern values were being created, and conflicts were taking shape. Othello’s character demonstrates the apprehension and exploitation of ideological inconsistencies that prevails in the current society. In the scene (1.3) in which Desdemona and Othello seek to justify their marriage before the Vietnam senate, she unwittingly articulates a conception of sexuality and its relation to public life that is antagonistic to Othello’s (Massai 68). This demonstrate the clarity in the perception of gender role ideology in the society. In No Name Woman and White Tigers by Maxine Hong Kingston, she used storytelling to demarcate the ideological belief and expose the truth behind the perceived social structures in the society. Kingston’s chronicle, No Name Woman, demonstrates various examples that show men’s dominance over women. For instance, when men migrated from China to America in
Introduction The main propositions of the current marketing strategy of Netflix, Inc. (Netflix) include the fast and easy manner of subscription online, the unlimited amount of video streaming, and the concentrated attention on receiving feedback from customers. For those reasons, the company has a strong presence in the American marketplace as a leading video streaming service and occupies a unique niche because it uses over 76,000 very specific customized genres. However, the company is smaller in terms of the revenues and profits than its main competitors, one of which is Amazon.com, Inc. In comparison to the latter, Netflix’s gross profit at the end of 2015 was just over two million dollars, whereas Amazon.com, Inc. earned $35,355,000 (“AMZN Company Financials” par.1). Hence, the position of Netflix on the international market might need some improvement. Therefore, the objective is to present a new marketing strategy for Netflix that would allow the company to improve its strengths at the level of the worldwide marketing. The first objective of this proposal is to review the background information about the company and the business context in which it functions and to estimate the timeframe and budget for the implementation of the new strategy. Secondly, the objective is to explain how the final goal of the enhancement of the international presence can be achieved with the help of the improvement of original content and collaboration with other brands. New strategies for improving upon the company´s strengths The background information and context Since the company was founded in 1997, there were some strengths and weaknesses of its marketing and business strategies, some of which still demand the attention in the modern context. The easy online subscription gives users mobility. They are directly provided with the service they pay for, and they can easily renew or terminate it online. It contributed to both managerial and marketing aspects of the company’s business model. Another marketing appeal that Netflix originally implemented was the cooperation with various TV channels, film studios, networks, and production companies. The wider range of content options of different genres helped Netflix to achieve two goals. First of all, it helped to gain more feedback from the customers on various genres. However, the main advantage is the marketing potential that the wide spectrum of the content from different production sources can provide, which is the appeal to the customers of different social groups. The objective of the new marketing strategy is to go even further with this approach and start to work with the production companies and studios not only in the English-speaking countries but worldwide. Currently, Netflix cooperates merely with the British BBC and with minor producti
Finches may be one of the most widespread bird families worldwide, with each geographical region potentially having its type. The so-called Darwin’s finches of the Galapagos Islands are an excellent example of natural selection, continuing their development even today (www#3). Researching the hybrid offspring of two different Geospiza species may allow delineating some of the existing trends in evolution and speciation, as well as clarifying the views of prominent contributors to evolutionary theory. The Galapagos Islands are a reputable home for many endemic species. Geospiza finches evolved on the islands as a form of natural selection, with their beaks reflecting their dietary options (www#1). A diversifying trend in natural selection created many different bird types within the same species, increasing the variety of these birds considerably (www#4). As an example, the chosen for study new hybrid excels at procuring new types of food due to its increased size (www#3). Sympatric speciation, which takes place when two species continue their coexistence, is another trend among Geospiza finches, which links with their growing numbers (www#1; www#3). While these birds are exemplary, with Charles Darwin using them to explain his theory of evolution, Jean Baptiste Lamarck may have argued that bigger finches had evolved out of their parents’ application of this quality (www#2). However, the evolution of Geospiza finches remains primarily affected by their differing habitats and considerable numbers. Persisting as one of the most vivid examples of the theory of evolution, Geospiza Finches is helpful when outlining the implications of diversification and sympatric speciation. Their natural selection through adaptation to the current environment is evident, with each island demonstrating a diverse variety of species, and their overlapping habitats allow speaking about potential sympatry. Thus, Darwin’s theory best explains their process of evolution to which the breeding of favorable characteristics is central. Works Cited DeBiasse, Melissa. “Hybrid Speciation is for the Birds (and Plants, Reptiles, Fish, and Insects).” The Molecular Ecologist . 2015, Web. “Evolutionary Science Before Charles Darwin.” DailyHistory . 2018, Web. Starr, Michelle. “Scientists Watched a New Bird Species Evolve on Galapagos in Just 2 Generations.” ScienceAlert . 2019, Web. “Types of Selection.” Encyclopedia Britannica , 2019, Web.
Introduction Locus of control, as a concept, has generated a lot of research in a wide range of various psychological fields. This concept can be applied in such fields as the psychology of education, the psychology of health and clinical psychology. However, debates have arisen on whether world measures regarding this concept are useful. There are some cautious divisions that require to be made between locus of control (deals with prospective expectancies) and attribution style (deals with details for outcomes of the past). Internal and External Loci of Control External locus of control states that an individual’s behavior is determined by peripheral forces including fate and luck (Schultz 436). A person with this locus of control feels that he does not have the requirements to control one’s life. He also believes that the events in one’s life are pre-determined, and one cannot change the course of life. These individuals are contented with life even when they do not get what these people want in life; they attribute their successes and failures to external circumstances, and they believe that these factors play a big role in the course of a person’s life. Therefore, these people are not as motivated as those people who have an internal locus of control (Miller 237). Internal locus of control is based on an individual; an individual assumes and believes that his behavior is guided by his decisions, and the person is at ease with events that affect his life (Schultz 94). An individual puts a lot of efforts in the things that he does, and he believes that this effort reflects itself in the outcomes of his decisions. A person with an internal locus of control will take events in life in a positive way, and these events
The term evidence-based solution is used in many instances both at local and international capacities. It is defined as the process of bringing together accurate research and incorporating it with clinical information and values of patients. Incorporation of accurate research implies that evidence based nursing does not simply use scattered studies but rather it brings together every bit of information that has been collected focusing on a particular issue or problem. The data is synthesized and presented in an integrative form. It is crucial for nursing practitioners to grasp the concept of evidence based solutions in nursing because they are now widely used (Burns & Groove, 2009). The nursing profession is one of the most important professions that require great expertise. This is because nursing is obligated with taking care of patients and ensuring that they receive the medical attention they need. Without the required medical attention, the lives of patients would be at grave risk. However, despite the importance of nursing and the crucial role it plays in the lives of individuals, it is still faced with issues and problems that require solutions. For nursing solutions to be solved effectively and comprehensively, it is important to conduct thorough research on the subject. Research is important in identifying the best solution to a problem since it provides the evidence of existence of the problem and the best way to solve it (Burns & Groove, 2009). One of the problems that could be solved through nursing research is the lack of educational qualification for nursing. Most health care related occupations seemingly demand that entrants must have at least masters or even doctorate degrees. This is not possible for many people who have limited resources to enable them further their education. College education in most institutions is itself prohibitive and this makes many students not even think of higher education. This is a problem that has been facing nursing and can be solved through research to find an evidence based solution. The evidence based solution of this problem will first constitute a research of the distribution of nurses in various nursing institutions. It will be revealed that the number of nurses in most health care institutions is not adequate. The other element of the evidence based solution is live interviews that will provide information on why students fail to train in nursing. The interviews will reveal the financial constraints that limit the number of trainees. Different problems require varied approaches in order to solve them. An approach that is applicable to a particular problem may not be applicable to another problem. It is therefore important to have good knowledge of the issues involved in every problem and the approaches to be used. If a new approach was to be implemented in my work place in solving a certain problem, it is important for me to know the impact of the approach on work performance. Some approaches have a negative impact on work performance while othe
Introduction The New Silk Roads by Peter Frankopan is an updated version of his earlier book The Silk Roads , hence one needs to read ‘Sill Roads’ to understand The New Silk Roads . Originally, the book was a postscript or kind of epilogue to The Silk Roads that was released in 2015. In this particular version, the author reckons that Russia, China, and Iran are building up to be a challenge to the Western countries, which for a long time have dominated the world’s success. Notably, China is at the heart of the book; it is gearing up to remain at the top after spending billions of cash creating goodwill. The New Silk Roads covers a period between 2015 and 2018 and as well theorizes what might happen in the future. In a clear, well-organized, and with a range of pertinent evidence, Frankopan’s book demonstrates wise, thoughtful, and well-argued ideas on the global political, economic, and cultural world of today. Main body Frankopan is not the first author to praise China and its recent success in terms of globalization, nor is he the first to touch on tough competition between western countries (especially United States) and countries in the East (especially China and Russia). In his book, Frankopan terms countries in the East as the ‘New Silk Road’ countries. In this debate over western dominance, the ending is therefore not a new idea in historian’s ears. Different authors have had a similar discussion but using different perspectives of explanations. Essentially different historians, economists, authors, and political scientists hold a different opinion on the same. As Frankopan believes that the Western dominance is over, Michael Beckley _ In His Book Why America Will Remain the World’s Sole holds otherwise. Notably, most, if not all, including Frankopan, have convincing contents _ based on practical examples, logical arguments, and rich sources of data/information. An excellent example of such Authors logic being Michael Beckley in Unrivaled: Why America Will Remain the World’s Sole Superpower . To support his assertion that the United States will remain to dominate the world, he argues that the fact that GDP is used to measure wealth is a wrong idea since it fails to include expenses 1 . The perspective that Frankopan offers is quite sensible, yet it could use several criticisms in order to provide a more coherent approach toward building economic relationships with China and exploring the opportunities of the “new Silk Road” (Frankopan 2). For example, the pressure that the enforcement of economic
Introduction According to the Corporate Governance (6), “There is one great problem that seriously challenges the ability of America’s research-based pharmaceutical companies… in a word, it is trust.” This statement made by the president and CEO of Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, Billy Tauzin, carries a lot of weight on the pharmaceutical industry the world over. It points out that the core challenge of this industry is salvaging its reputation that has lost credit in the eyes of the public and the stakeholders. The stakeholders and consumers of this industry have settled on a belief founded on the thesis that the, “financial success and subsequent pressures have blurred the industry’s greater purpose of improving human health” (Price Water House Coopers 1). Whether this thesis holds water or not, the fact remains that this industry has lost its reputation and hence calls for a way through which it can be restored. However, the reputation, though damaged, has not been destroyed. There is still hope of restoration. And one of the avenues is through emphasising on the ethical consideration in the industry. This paper will therefore ascertain the role of ethics in the success and failure of an organization and how it can implicate on the reputation of different members within the organization. Resnik (par. 1) defines ethics as, “norms of conduct that distinguish between the acceptable and the unacceptable.” While making a clear distinction between right and wrong happens during an individual’s childhood, moral development usually assumes a lifetime nature and hence human beings undergo different stages of growth which lead to maturity. Subsequently, the development experiences and value acquisitions lead to differences in the interpretation of the universal ethical values. The same results into disparities in the application and balancing of the values and hence causes disagreements and disputes. Many people tend to believe that ethical values are laws. However, this is a baseless notion. While laws equally govern the behaviour of individuals in a society, they are narrower as compared to ethics. Also, an action can be ethical but illegal while another action can be legal but unethical. In addition, ethics, unlike law can be defined from different perspectives. It can be focused from the disciplinary perspective to define the conduct standards within that discipline. This can include philosophy, sociology, theology, law, medicine and psychology. This is to say, one can find different ethical views concerning an issue of global warming if he approaches it from different disciplines like economics, ecology, politics, ethics, et cetera. From such points of view, ethics can be defined as guidelines, procedure or method on which an individual can base his action or analysis when faced by a complex issue or problem. Codes of ethics are therefore tools by which organizations use in order to streamline their activ
Case Analysis This paper is a case study review of a cocaine-using client (Donovan) who visited a clinic to seek help for his drug use. This paper reviews his case and provides a treatment plan. Before delving into the details surrounding this analysis, the following section of this paper outlines the best methods for screening and assessing the patient for further analysis. Information Gathering According to COP (2015), the success of psychological interventions depends on the successful adoption of different screening and assessment tests. Although not all existing screening and assessment tests are exclusive to the health and psychology fields, clinical and psychopathological training supports their continued use in the fields (Miller, Forcehimes, & Zweben, 2011). The purpose of a screening, or assessment test, is to find out the existence of an addiction, its extent, and the presence of preexisting conditions that could influence its effects. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (2014) says there are different screening and assessment methods for assessing drug users. They include interviews, behavioral monitoring, self-monitoring methods, tests, self-reports (scales, inventories, and questionnaires), psycho-physiological methods, role-playing, and surveys (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2014). In Donovan’s case, I would use interviews to assess his drug use. Particularly, I would use the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) to do so because it has a good success record in screening and assessing patients who suffer from cocaine addiction (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2014). The justification for using this treatment method is its holistic nature (it covers different aspects of a patient’s social and economic wellbeing) (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2014). Working Partners and SAPAA (2012) clarifies this point by saying it covers different social and economic dynamics of a patient, including their “medical status, employment and support status, drug use, alcohol use, legal status, family and social relationships, and psychiatric status” (p. 8). This assessment tool should reveal different problems Donovan has faced from using cocaine in the short-term and in the long-term. This assessment tool will be instrumental in identifying urgent and chronic concerns surrounding his drug use (if any). I would summarize the responses in composite scores. These indices are useful in measuring changes that would occur over long periods (in particular how the clients respond to treatment) (Working Partners and SAPAA, 2012). Using this assessment method, a counselor could make an independent rating of different problem areas concerning substance abuse and addiction. The assessment would include an assessment of a client’s rating along a continuum of 0-9 where ‘0’refers to the non-existence of a problem and ‘9’refers to the existence of a big problem (Working Partners and SAPAA, 2012). A score of ‘9’would mean that treatment is necessary. Diag
This study looks at jazz elements including vocalists and accompaniments as portrayed by Carmen McRae in the song “Round Midnight” and Louis Armstrong in the song “Hotter than That”. The two jazz artists portray their brilliance in composition as seen in their variation between vocals and instrumentation. Carmen wrote the song “Round Midnight” at the end of the Second World War, when he was only 18. He performed the song with his band a few years later, after he had mastered various styles of other musicians. The song “Round Midnight” is a dark and beautiful ballad that provides a fresh and original sound that is timeless. Carmen portrays a brilliant understanding of the lyric and its placement as he plays the chord during rubato sections. The phrasing by McRae shows independence in the arrangement of chords to match the key words in the lyrics. He brings out the mood of the song by adjusting his voicing to encase the melody in a supportive manner. “Hotter than Hot” by Louis Armstrong is identified as one of the greatest jazz recordings in the history of jazz music. Louis brings out a crisp and live performance by skillfully combining his trumpet and vocals in the piece. The song comprises a lead from the piano, a trombone solo by Kid Orv and intro licks by Louis. The song shows exceptional understanding of roles by the musicians, with Louis playing the vocals and trumpet, Kid Ory the trombone, Johnny Dodds the clarinet, Lil Armstrong the piano, Lonnie Johnson the guitar, and Johnny St. Cyr the banjo. The performance involves collaboration between the original “Hot Five Group” and Lonnie, a featured musician. Louis’ brilliance as a solo vocalist is evident, which explains his dominance in the group’s performances. The song has a hig