ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Education is important in life because it shapes the perception and attitude of students towards various issues. In addition, it gives them opportunities to identify and nurture their talents so that they can be used in the future to transform their societies and lives. Academic Scholars like Rowan Botkin argue that learning is an endless process because man is always curious to know his environment (Zupek par. 2). Modern societies are structured to create more opportunities for social and economic success for students who pursue higher education than those who are contented with undergraduate degrees. This essay examines the impacts of master’s degree courses and their relevance to improving the social and economic positions of individuals and their societies. Definitions Learning institutions offer different courses that are structured in levels depending on their complexities. The foundational learning institutions offer elementary studies and enable students to know how to read, write and identify objects (Brown, Bull, and Pendlebury 21). Primary and secondary schools help students to identify their interests in various subjects and narrow their lessons to fit in specific fields. Advantages of Pursuing a Master’s Degree Advancement in learning increases the chances of getting employed within a short period after graduating from university. Employers believe that students who pursue higher education degrees have a better grasp of the requirements of their jobs. It shows that they were committed to going the extra mile and learning more about the courses. The world population census conducted in 2010 revealed that the world has a population of about seven billion. More than four billion people are unemployed. Therefore, about two billion are in formal or informal employment, and this means that there is a high dependency ratio in modern society. The census attributed employment opportunities to an individual’s level of education. A recent survey conducted by the United States Census Bureau revealed that a huge population is seeking advancement in education to increase their chances of getting jobs (Bureau of Labor Statistics par. 2). Employers look for graduates who have a master’s degree or those that have pursued two parallel courses because they believe they have the required skills to offer professional services to their companies (Brown, Bull, and Pendlebury 38). Competition in the job market compels employers to consider students who have master’s degrees because they are perceived to be more qualified than their counterparts. Secondly, having a master’s degree is a guarantee that there will be no job losses in times of inflation and other inevitable economic issues. Focused employees do not just attain contentment after getting their first jobs. Employees must think about the future of their careers and evaluate the lives of their jobs. Job security is heightened by pursuing additional training, but a master’s degree course assures employees that they are more likely to keep their jobs compared to their colleagues (Brown, Bull, and Pendlebury 46). The Bureau of Labo
Introduction Ethics refers to the positive guidelines that are used in various professions to guide the action and behavior of people in a given profession (Kreiner & Putcha, 2005). Ethics is based on morals that mandate professionals to act in a consistent manner that upholds good values. The main tenets for ethical behavior in any professional practice include acting with dignity, fairness, honest, and trustworthy. Lau (n.d.) noted that ethical behavior involves the ability to exercise their own discretion when faced with a dilemma. Ethical practice in engineering entails making thoughtful decisions that align with the needs of society and upholds the dignity of all people. The following paper discusses the need for engineers to be ethical and the pressures young engineers face. Ethics in Engineering Engineers are responsible for many artifacts in contemporary society. They deal with the constructed world that has both benefits and risks. For example, civil engineers are tasked with designing structures that are used by people such as roads. In order to promote the common good for the public, engineers are supposed to uphold the safety, health, and welfare of the public (Lau, n.d.). In addition, ethical standards ensure that engineers do not offer services in the fields that they have no competence. Engineers are tasked with solving problems in society by identifying and understanding the issues that affect the public. This aspect of engineering forms the basis for choosing the cause of action that is morally acceptable and evaluating the possible impacts of the engineering action. Kreiner and Putcha (2005) noted that engineers are involved in many activities that touch on the lives of the public. It is thus required that engineers should bear in mind that the decisions and practices they make should put into consideration the lives, health, and safety of the public. According to Lau (n.d.), engineers are supposed to complement the technical competence with an evaluation of the implications of their project designs. For example, projects undertaken by engineers may result in environmental degradation or alter the natural course; diversion of a major waterway may interfere with the bionetwork, pose health and safety risks, and may negatively affect the environment. In contemporary society, there have been increases in technological development. Technology is regarded as a means of social progress, therefore, in order to advance the s
Background information Meg Whitman was born in 1956 in Long Island, New York. Over the years, she has gained global reputation within the corporate world. Her reputation has mainly emanated from her excellence within the business environment that is mostly dominated by men. Meg Whitman has worked for several global companies such as Proctor & Gamble as the brand manager, Bain & Company, Disney, FTD, Hasbro and Stride Rite. In 1998, she was hired by eBay as the Chief Executive Officer where she worked for 10 years before joining Hewlett-Packard (HP) in 2010. Currently, Meg Whitman is the CEO of HP. Leadership style and philosophy Meg Whitman recognizes the significance of good leadership in the success of an organization. Consequently, she has developed efficient leadership skills over the years. As a leader, Meg Whitman mainly utilizes transformational and charismatic leadership styles. Her transformational leadership is evidenced by a number of issues. First, she utilizes intellectual stimulation as a tool to encourage her followers to be creative in the course executive their duties. For example, she usually asks her employees a number of questions in an effort to challenge their status quo. Daft (2011) asserts that ‘Meg Whitman does not tell people what to do. However, she keeps quizzing them until the path ahead is obvious’ (p.61). In line with her transformational leadership style, Meg Whitman advocates for individualized consideration. One of the ways through which she achieves this is by ensuring that open communication within an organization is maintained. Upon joining HP, she eliminated all the bureaucracy that limited communication between the executive and the lower level employees. She has attaine
Since John was in custody, what are the procedural steps the police were required to take once John began to incriminate himself? The procedural steps that the police are required to consider once John has begun to incriminate himself is that he should be informed that whatever he says to the law enforcement officials, that may be used against him during questioning and court proceedings and could serve as solid evidence against him. Besides, he should be informed about his rights and privileges as a suspect under custody. He has a choice to remain silent while questioned. He should be told that he could have access to a lawyer and could utilize the services of a free lawyer in the event when he cannot afford one. These rights are called Miranda rights which emanated from the landmark rape case of “ Miranda v. Arizona 384 U.S. 436 (1966) ” (U.S. supreme court: Certiorari to the supreme court of Arizona, 1966, para.1). “It needs to be understood that poor defendants once convicted cannot appeal even though the right to appeal is based on the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution” (Falk, 2010, P.90). To a large extent, these rights are incorporated while a suspect is in police or judicial custody, awaiting trial. “The police must advise suspects of their “Miranda Rights” – their right to remain silent, their right to an attorney, and the right to an appointed attorney if they are unable to afford counsel – before conducting a custodial interrogation” (Larson, 2000, para.2). What procedural steps must the officers perform following John’s arrest and interview at the police station? The first thing that the police authorities must do is to file a First Information Report (FIR) which details the entire gamut of the professed crime, or offense and inform the suspect about his suspected offense. He is at liberty to remain silent or refute the contents of the FIR. Next, the police may question the suspect in the presence of his lawyer. The suspect is free whether to answer the questions or remain silent. The cause for his arrest and incarceration should be informed to him. They may also need to confirm that they have arrested the right person. “They may do so by showing a victim a photo array that includes a picture of the suspect; by arranging a lineup of live persons at the police station, with the suspect included in the lineup; or by organizing a show-up, which is a personal showing of the arrestee to the victim shortly after the commission of the crime” (Criminal procedure, 2010, para.7). The court could choose either a preliminary hearing or a grand jury proceeding to establish probable cause for the felony charges in this case. Compare and contrast the two procedures Well, there may be differences among States about the choice of preliminary hearing or a grand jury deposition. However, by and large, preliminary hearings (examination or proceedings) and grand juries are formed to indict or free suspects. They both intent, to prove without an iota of doubt, that a crime has been committed and it is indeed the susp
Every scientist that makes some kind of a research knows that his/her investigation should be based on facts and results that can be proved with a number of experiments. “We are familiar with a large number of scientific claims, for example, that water freezes at 32°F and hydrogen is composed of one proton and one electron” (Grim 371). However, there are also claims called unscientific or pseudoscientific. There is a number of features that help us distinguish scientific and unscientific claims. In this work, I am going to explain the differences between two types of claims and explain the key features of genuine science. Before providing a scientific claim, the scientists should observe a phenomenon, explain in using a theoretical and practical basis, predict possible results and test them. Scientific claim should be based on the hypothesis. Another important feature of a scientific claim is empirical falsifiability. It does not mean that the claim should be wrong, but if the claim is false, then it should be proved and demonstrated. According to Arthur L. Caplan, a scientific claim has the following features: “it should be either true or false; scientific claims to knowledge are justified by scientific procedures; the reliability with which scientific claims are made can often itself be reliable determined.” (129). In addition, there are different types of scientific claims, such as methodological claim, theoretical hypothesis and factual claim. A factual claim is based on facts, a theoretical hypothesis is also based on factual facts, but it includes possible facts as well. Thus, a scientific claim should be scientifically proved. Summarizing all mentioned above, we can conclude what the features of a genuine science are. One of the most important features of a scientific claim, thus, a genuine science as well, is empirical falsifiability which provides that scientific claim can be either false or true. The next feature is testability based on the empirical research. The research should be tested in order to discover possible evidence (possible falsifying) that the research hypothesis faces. Every genuine scientific claim should be peer reviewed by the specialists in the given field of science. After reviewing, the research can be published in a scientific journal. A very important feature of a genuine science is reliability, thus a research can be duplicated. Finally, there should be cultivated alternative scientific explanation of a scientific research and alternative hypothesis can be provided. As opposed to a scientific claim, there is an unscientific or pseudoscientific claim which results from the differences between genuine science and non-science. A pseudoscientific claim “exhibit the superficial trappings of science but precious little of its substance” (Lilienfeld 2). As an example of the unscientific claim, the astrological cusp can be taken. Astrological researches refer to “fortune-telling” qualities of the movement of the sun, earth and other planets. Howe
Currently, one of the main challenges for rural hospitals is the lack of intensive care unit (ICU) capacity. As Davoodi et al. (2020) state, this factor makes rural communities especially vulnerable to COVID-19 pandemics. Sepkowitz (2020) also states that American rural healthcare systems lack surge capacities in general, and the pandemic times have exposed this. Rural hospitals used to rely on urban ones closest to them to use their capacity, but today, even the latter experience hard times. Thus, the lack of ICUs in rural hospitals revealed itself in severe numbers: “The Society of Critical Care Medicine reported on resource availability stating that of the 2,704 U.S. hospitals with ICU services, only 9% (244) are in rural areas (defined as a population < 10,000)” (Davoodi et al., 2020, p. 5). At the same time, urban hospitals have been trying to adapt and develop strategies for expanding ICU capacity. Currently, almost any hospital’s tactics come down to increasing the number of beds, which heavily relies on statistics and probabilistic measures. In planning how many beds a hospital will need, organizations rely on epidemiological data and infection cases prediction. For example, in March, New York City required 40 000 beds, and in May, there was no need for them anymore since the peak case count was passed (Goldman, 2020). Rural hospitals have also been trying to keep pace with pandemics. For example, New Ulm Medical Center has built new delivery systems to enhance its capacity of taking patients four times (Davoodi et al., 2020). Another strategy involves reopening previously closed rural hospitals with the help of local businesses to provide medical supplies. Although such hospitals are already equipped with adequate fixtures and have satisfactory infrastructure, the problem still lies in the lack of medical personnel.
This essay explains the developments in the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the cold war. The cold war was fueled by the actions of given leaders and the policies that were instituted or formulated by the leadership. This essay discusses how these leaders and policies shaped the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. By the end of the World War II, The US enjoyed hegemonic powers. It had the strongest economy estimated to have been roughly half the world’s GNP (Maier 228). The cold war was fueled by mistrust between the USSR and the U.S. At the end of the World War II, USSR was the only power centre that nearly equaled the U.S. A power imbalance or vacuum had been left by the fall of Germany and Europe was too bruised as to only care about its wounds (Urwin 44). USSR and the U.S were keen on filling the power vacuum (Maier 335). Anchored on antagonistic ideologies, they did all they could to spread their influence all over the world. At the heart of the cold war were two ideologies i.e. capitalism was under the onslaught of communism. Both capitalists and communists wanted to sway in world affairs in their favor. From the USSR, some of the influential leaders include Stalin, Nikita, Brezhnev and Constantine. Stalin was at the heart of USSR’s expansionist policies. The US had leaders such as Truman. Truman made a wise decision of affirming that geographical position was an important element of struggle rather than challenging the axis in the fight against communism. Truman helped towards economic aid for European nations to save them from communist onslaught. One great post World War economic policy contributions of the U.S. was the Marshal plan. Others include initiating the Breton woods system and it’s joining the NATO alliance. On the political plane, Lundestand (148) argues that anticommunism dominated U.S.’s post WWII political policies and campaigns across the world. Due to the cold war, the U.S supported and kept despotic regimes in place. This is clearer when one considers some regimes in Africa or say Spain. Despotic leaders were supported basically because they opposed communism. In countries like Germany, need to deal with communism was given precedence to the interest to root out Nazism. Compromised elites were allowed to hold powerful offices in post war Germany so as to revive Germany against the onslaught of communism. Economically, U.S.’s economic policies were anchored on understanding that economic freedom anchored on economic growth necessitates other freedoms especially political liberties (Lundestand 152). Therefore, it was expected that when nations prospered economically, they would also stabilize politically. Economic freedom of individuals or liberal market approaches drove the capitalist while social concern and equality drove the communists. Security policies in both the U.S.A and the USSR advocated for indirect aggression e.g. economic sabotage, forming of alliances and arms race. The U.S joined the NATO alliance, which provided military security against the destabilizing interests of the socialist USSR. Without the U.S.
Be fruitful and multiply The command to be fruitful and multiply was given to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. God wanted man and woman to reproduce and fill the earth with humanity. However, God’s plan was that the earth would be filled with people who lived in righteousness. The world was to be filled with people in the same spiritual condition as that of Adam and Eve before their fall. However, sin entered the world. Therefore, the multiplication of people led to the multiplication of their sins. One example of how this population increase led to an increase in sin was during the time when the tower of Babel was being built. The people came together, determined to build a tower that would reach the heavens. They claimed that, in building this tower, they would not be scattered all over the earth. Instead, they would build a name for themselves in that single place. This, of course, was in direct contradiction to God’s plan that people should multiply and spread throughout all the earth. This is why God confused their languages and caused chaos that ended up halting the building project (Dillard and Tremper 55). The second instance was when Pharaoh tried to destroy the Hebrew male babies. Pharaoh had noticed that the Israelite slaves were rapidly growing both in numbers and might. Afraid that they would take over the rulership of Egypt, he ordered that all the male newborn babies be killed. His plan was to prevent the Israelites from multiplying. This was in direct contradiction to God’s initial command. Therefore, in an effort to preserve His covenant people, God saved the life of Moses. Moses would later grow up to be the liberator of the Israelite people from their bondage in Egypt. Responsibilities of Israel’s and Judah’s Kings Initially, it was not God’s desire that the Israelites be ruled by Kings. But God knew that they would demand a king, and He set provisions in the law for a king. There were very high responsibilities that God set for the kings in order to set an example for the people. For example, through King David, God demanded that the King be accountable and a person of unquestionable character. This was clearly brought out when he sinned by committing adultery with Bathsheba and tried to hide his sins. God sent the Prophet Nathan to deal with the issue. This was a lesson to the people that not even kings were above God’s law. Through King Solomon, the people learned the responsibilities of a king in ensuring that people worshiped the one true God. Solomon had the responsibility of building God’s temple according to the specifications that God himself had given. The king was thus supposed
In my current workplace, the supervisor often displays excellent leadership skills and practices which help her to motivate employees and manage current problems. One day, a repeat customer complained that the customer support did not perform well and neglected their duties and responsibilities before customers. In order to manage this situation, the supervisor followed path-goal leadership style: the aim was to achieve work outcomes and change traditional communication practices. Describe exactly (what was actually done and said) what the leader did in a “typical” leadership situation. (How he/she behaved) The leader followed supportive behavior patterns: she was friendly and tried to understand needs of employees; she was confident and approachable in communication; she balanced equal treatment with position of each employee. The leader said that employees should be more attentive in their work and ask for advice if they are unsure about actions and communication. Path-goal theory shows that the supervisor has good leadership skills but she did not apply them in all situations. This strategy helps managers to create positive culture and organizational environment. This method emphasizes their ability to make decisions and solve marketing problems in a way that enhances the objectives of the whole corporation. From step A., you conclude that the leader has what style of leadership – what behaviors to they typically use? Explain why’ Essentially, the path-goal leadership philosophy was a way of thinking about corporate activity; a frame of mind; an attitude. It recognizes the primacy of consumers and customers as they influence all business operations. Usually, it starts with the company’s chief executive, who must recognize that, lacking markets for the company’s products and lacking customer wants and needs, no business can exist. Modern management and leadership cover the application of management techniques in the utilization of marketing resources. It is concerned with the responsibility for planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling marketing activities. It achieves its aims by establishing marketing objectives, policies, plans, programs, and standards, allocating marketing resources, and evaluating the effectiveness of marketing activities (Daft 79). Establish the relevant situational characteristics: Subordinate Characteristics Task Characteristics Organizational Characteristics Subordinate Characteristics involved low skills of employees employed three months ago. It is one thing to argue that organizations need to reinvent themselves and develop new, more effective approaches to organizing, and quite another to accomplish it. Large-scale organizational transfor