ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Wal-Mart is one of the world’s largest retailers that make up high amounts of profits. The business organization has grown top great extends from a single store to a large retail store with branches in many parts of the world. The main purpose of the business organization has been to provide value to its customers as well as empowering its employees to perform effectively in the business activities. The business organization is committed to meeting the needs of its customers effectively as well as providing quality products and services (Steven, 2008). The business operations and management at the Wal-Mart promotes a culture that is based on obtaining effective information that is most current. The information is usually based on the customers needs and wants in the market, obtaining the best business ideas from the employees on how to run the business operations effectively and ways of maximizing profits. The way in which the business organization carries out its operations has influenced the performance of the company in a positive manner since it has increased the productivity and the speed of operations in the business set up (Steven, 2008). Information application systems The organization has managed to succeed and gain the competitive advantage in the competitive business market through use of effective business information systems applications. Information systems are very important in the running of organizations and for that matter it is important to ensure that information systems applications in any business organization are followed. Information technology enables the business organizations to increase productivity through effective transfer of information from one department within the organization to another (Steven, 2008). Information technology has been the backbone of success of the Wal-Mart and has enabled the business organization to grow to greater heights. In order to ensure that all the information concerning the organization is followed up and is made available for references the business organization has been using different information technology strategies that have enabled it to succeed and gain competitive advantage in the competitive business environment. The organization has been using point-of-sale system that is computerized in order to catch up with all details in its operations (Steven, 2008). The computerized point-of-sale system enables the organization to identify each commodity sold in the organization in a given duration of time either a day or even within hours. This helps the organization to keep proper records of what has been sold for given period of time and what is remaining. This kind of information is very important in running of the organizations’ operations since it helps avoid some of the inconveniences that take place in business organizations. For instance without provision of such information it is very easy for the business to run out of stock unaware. Also the system work
Crime prevention is one of the main activities of law enforcement authorities that are an integral part of any state machine. These bodies accomplish the main governmental task, which is to preserve peace and protect citizens lives. For this reason, it remains one of the most important spheres of human activity nowadays. The issue becomes especially topical in terms of the unique importance of human life and the modern value system, which proclaims that any person should be protected. Unfortunately, there are still no measures to exclude crimes completely, and we could observe numerous breaches of the law. That is why efficient crime disclosure and fair punishment become extremely important. These factors could serve as a barrier to the further spread of criminality by demonstrating the inevitable character of retribution and the efficiency of the existing legal system. However, to assure the efficient functioning of authorities responsible for these aspects, it is crucial to exclude all factors that might deteriorate final results. For instance, eyewitness testimony still remains one of the main sources of information related to any case. Yet, its efficiency could suffer from different factors, and it is extremely important to minimize their negative impact. Background In general, eyewitness testimony is an ancient way to gather data and to convict or to justify a suspect. The procedure has remained almost unchanged since ancient times. A person who possesses certain data related to an event and who is able to recognize the main suspect shares his/her vision and proves or refutes a certain hypothesis. At first gaze, the procedure seems simple and efficient at the same time. However, there is a psychological aspect of the issue that should also be mentioned. The fact is that any crime or unusual event a person observes turns into great stress for him/her. For this reason, consciousness, as one of the main defense mechanisms, could disfigure the information or present it in another way. Moreover, there are also some contributing factors that could corrupt the final result and increase the probability of mistakes significantly. The investigation of these factors in terms of memory for eyewitness testimony could help to understand the main aspects of the issue and determine the reliability of eyewitness identification. Main Area of Research The sphere of memory is often touched by scientists when speaking about the eyewitness testimony and a person’s ability to provide credible information. They tend to outline several important factors. First, criminalists consider suc
The book by H.J.C von Grimmelshausen harrowing and hilarious “The Adventures of a Simpleton” is generally acclaimed today as the greatest German novel of the 17th century. But when it was published in 1669, it was not considered sophisticated enough to win recognition for its author in respectful circles. Indeed, it is not refined. Set against the horrifying background of the Thirty Years War, its hero—soldier, brigand, philanderer, and killer—is a first cousin of the rascals that cavorted across the pages of the picaresque novel, then recently introduced from Spain. (Grimmelshausen, 5) The novel, however, is more than an adventurous gambol. It is a vivid and realistic re-creation of an age, evoked by an artless and earthy language new to German literature at the time. The Thirty Years’ War began as a civil war and lasted for the years 1618-1648, mainly on the territory of today’s Germany, and involved most of the powerful European continental states. Although it was from the outset a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics, the enmity between the Habsburg dynasty and other powers was also a central motive, as shown by the fact that Catholic France under the latent rule of Cardinal Richelieu supported the Protestant side in order to decline the Habsburgs, thereby furthering France’s position as the pre-eminent continental power. This increased the France-Habsburg rivalry which led later to direct war between France and Spain. Peasants and middle-class people are shown in the present novel as citizens who struggle for their own happiness. Peasants strive to preserve their own lands, in order, they could earn their own living. A contemporary “realistic” novel, Simpleton provides the essence of the society of the Thirty Years’ War, primarily describing the social communication of the peasantry with the nobility and the army, and also, both groups’ interaction with the merchant class. In a dream, Simplicius visualizes the structure of German society as a forest of trees, in which the peasants are the roots from which the society takes its sustenance. The higher classes steal or otherwise appropriate peasant resources and power to fuel their ambitions. Mobility among the classes at the base of the tree, the peasants, merchants, and mercenaries, is fairly easy; however, a large extend of smooth bark, slippery with wax, intervenes between these classes and the nobility, inhibiting further climbing without the aid of those above–and those above aid only their relatives. As the novel progresses and Simplicius is tossed by the accidents of war, we see this model of society in action. After Geismaier’s withdrawal into Venetian territory, the concluding part of the Peasant War was ended. The peasants were everywhere brought again under the swa
Overview The ISIL militants in Syria have posed a security threat in the Middle East. The advancement by ISIL has been described by the United States and the western world as a threat to regional and international security (Kelly, par. 4). The U.S. and NATO have been carrying airstrikes against ISIL. There are ground fighters, mainly the Kurdish fighters that have been confronting and preventing the ISIL from taking over the strategic town of Kobani. The United States and allied forces have been supporting the Kurdish fighters by supplying them with weapons (Kelly, par. 4). Meanwhile, the western countries have been urging Turkey to be actively involved in the fight against the ISIL. Though a member of NATO, Turkey has been reluctant to combat the ISIL. Turkey has been in a political dilemma to fight or not fight because there are aspects of national security and economic implications. Current Policy Turkey’s foreign policy towards its neighbors has been that of a balancer and a conciliator. Turkey has a regional policy that is aimed at advancing its hegemony in the region (Akyel, par. 4). The foreign policy has led to its divided stance in fighting ISIL, which has posed a threat to the economic and political stability of Turkey. However, the increasing threat by ISIL has necessitated a change of policy. The change of policy has seen Turkey allow the U.S. and the allied forces to use its territory to launch attacks against the ISIL. In addition, Turkey has allowed the allied forces to train the moderate Kurdish fighters as a ground strategy of combating the ISIL. The Turkish parliament authorized the Turkey government to back the allied forces by directly making incursions into Syria. The public has been in support of the policy; however, there are fears that the empowerment of some rebel groups by the U.S. may result in another security risk for Turkey (Akyel, par. 6). The policy has been effective, as it has weakened the ISIL’s advancement in Kobani town. In addition, the policy allowing the coalition forces to use Turkey’s bases has placed the country in a better position to convince the U.S. to enforce a no-fly zone in the region bordering Syria. Statement on the Necessity for Change The current policy that supports U.S. and NATO training and providing weapons for Kurdish fighters contradicts Turkey’s policy on regional peace. An autonomous ISIL poses a high risk to regional stability. Even though the current policy seems to be successful in preventing the spread of ISIL in Kobani town, T
Sophie Scholl and The White Rose is an encouraging account of how a non-violent group which was organized by University of Munich student resisted German rule to the Third Reich. The story is majorly about a philosophy professor and his five university students who launched a secret campaign to oppose the Third Reich. The group was named “The White Rose.” Sophie Scholl and his brother Hans together with the professor and other students showed courage when they stood up to fight for their freedom by exhorting Germans to fight for their rights. They were not bothered by the fact that they were risking their lives; they bravely opposed Adolf Hitler’s dictatorship ruling. In 1942, Sophie and other members of the group began to distribute anonymous leaflets which they used to urge the Germans to stand up and fight against fascism by resisting the government. The group swore not to be silent on how the government persecuted the Jews; they risked all they could to ensure that the entire world got the message. The book sets historical and sensational stage of how five young students dared their lives to resist one of the most horrifying and terrifying regimes in the world history. They were however later executed for being disloyal to the nation. Today, the world regards “The White Rose” group members as great icons of resistance. All the seven original leaflets and transcripts of their trial and sentencing are also included in the book. In addition, there are also photographs showing the members
Introduction The quality of the delivered healthcare services depends on the quality of public health infrastructure that consists of hospitals and laboratories, medical staff members, equipment, and even information systems. During the past several decades, healthcare has experienced an appreciable development due to the application of new technologies and ongoing progress in science. Therefore, people all over the country gained access to more efficient and less costly treatment methods. The present essay describes the components of the public health infrastructure that contributed to the progress in public health outcomes and explains which of them are the most important. Main body One of the most significant factors that affect the quality of the delivered health care services is the employees of healthcare facilities. The knowledge, skills, and training level of administrators, nurses, physicians, and narrow-profile specialists determine whether a patient can be successfully cured. Within this broad scope of healthcare workers, particular attention should be paid to people who take the leading positions in a states health department, healthcare facilities, hospitals, and pharmaceutical companies (Lavinghouze et al., 2014). These specialists are of great significance because they coordinate interaction between the different levels of infrastructure (Lavinghouze et al., 2014). What is more, strong leadership ensures not only cooperation between all the levels of infrastructure but also the linkage between its various components (Lavinghouze et al., 2014)? Generally speaking, effective leadership is a cornerstone of any organization, be it a multinational corporation or a small non-profit organization. Therefore, the development of the public healthcare system is impossible without health departments and facilities being superintended by effective and experienced leaders with a vast background in the sphere of public health. The second component to be discussed is information technology (IT). The application of digital technologies in the healthcare system has numerous advantages. For example, IT streamlines the process of tracking the results of a patients analyses and enables doctors to access them at any time at any place. Besides, IT simplifies the working process of healthcare specialists and releases a great deal of paperwork. According to the study conducted by Walker and Mark (2016), more than 50 percent of American hospitals have the capabilities to “electronically submit to immunization registries,” “report laboratory results,” and “report syndromic surveillance” (p. 180). However, the problem is that some of them hesitate to introduce IT to the working process. Despite this fact, IT still plays an enormous role in the optimization of responsibilities of doctors and makes the treatment process more manageable. As has already been noted above, another critical component of healthcare infrastructure is equipment utilized by the medical staff members. This topic is closely rel
Introduction Starbucks is one of the world’s leading coffee shop chains. It has a presence in over 44 countries through 15011 stores. Their growth was phenomenal during the period 1971 – 2008. The company’s headquarters are in Seattle, USA. The products of the company are mainly coffee though they serve different varieties of tea, chocolates, and frappuccino. Almost 30% of the stores of Starbucks are located outside the US. Starbuck’s factors successes in the united states Starbucks being an international company, existence is influenced by various internal and external factors. A congruence model diagnosis will help the company to identify the misfits and rectify them. The inputs should fit well to give the necessary output. The inputs are environment, resources, history, and strategy. Environment as the name signifies refers to the factors that are outside the organization such as market pressures, government restrictions, and limitations of scarce capital. Resources of the organization mainly refer to the assets which include employees, technology, information, capital, etc. These resources when deployed properly give quality outputs for the organization. The history or past events of the organization have a greater influence on its current functioning. The market position of a company in the present is the result of strategies that were applied in the past. The strategy of the organization is one of the most crucial inputs. It determines what an organization should do and how it should be done. (The Congruence Model: Aligning The Drivers of High Performance). Environm
Introduction The process of development and formation of trade unions was closely connected with the emergence of the working class and industrialization. Workers embody human capital, in the form of skill and knowledge, which makes their labor more valuable. Workers became more skillful and prepared for their work. To a large extent, the skills of manual workers were developed by on-the-job training, so the existence in mid-eighteenth-century Britain of a reasonable industrial base in industries such as shipbuilding, mining, and iron-smelting was a valuable asset. In these industries, skills were built up through long experience and were very difficult to transmit on paper. In mining, recruitment was usually from within existing families or communities, although at times of rapid expansion green labor was hired. It was difficult for employers to break this familial recruitment even if they had wished to because they were reliant on the skills of the workers. In practice, employers accepted it because it provided a cheap mechanism for the transmission of skills to new workers. These circumstances and changes gave rise to the consciousness and self-determination of the working class as a social force able to resist oppression and exploitation. Trade unions were aimed to protect workers from unfair labor practices and exploitation (Gurney, 1994; Kessler-Harris, 1987). The social cosmopolitanism On the other hand, the emergence of trade unions was caused by revolutionary ideas held by many workers. An idea of a common bond between the laboring people of different countries emerged in Western Europe and America between 1830 and 1840. It was part of the “teeming mass of ideas” which, starting half a century before with the political revolutions in France and America and with the Industrial Revolution in England, were now shaping themselves into currents of thought which were to become characteristic of the nineteenth century (Gurney, 1994). Concurrently with these ideas, there came to the fore the social cosmopolitanism which was christened by the name of socialism and which was connected with the work of Robert Owen, Thomas Hodgskin, John Gray, and William Thompson in England, and of St-Simon, Fourier, Buchez, and Pierre Leroux in France. Opposition to the new industrial system Trade unions can be seen as an opposition to the new industrial system that had been growing up in Western Europe and America since the middle of the eighteenth century. They condemned its alleged planlessness and ruthlessness, its pecuniary outlook and competitive individualism, and in one form or another, called for a social reorganization based on associative effort and of economic cooperation. In thought as well as inaction, these men ignored political boundaries and national differences, appealing to “humanity” for the reform of “society.” (Gurney, 1994; Rosenberg & Rosenberg, 200
Summary of the Article Anna Quindlen, in Monsters , articulates the imaginations harbored in childhood, which later turns out to be false in adulthood. Quindlen begins with a description of the “monsters” that children believe live in their bedrooms. The story describes how age and experience shape individual outlook and thoughts by helping people to overcome their childhood imaginations. Children often seek explanations from their parents for the ‘mysteries’ they perceive in their young world. Some hold false thoughts and imaginations, which, however, become obsolete as they grow older and learn new things on their own. Although Quindlen admits that ‘no monsters’ live under her child’s bed, she does not tell him so; instead, she leaves him to find out on his own. The author goes on to explore the various ‘monsters’ that metaphorically exist in people’s lives. She describes how, in adulthood, the thief, the creditor, or even a romantic breakup is the ‘monster’ that people fear in their lives. The author concludes that children transcend their fears and imaginations through self-driven learning and personal experiences. Writing Prompt Our childhood is largely influenced by parental and societal factors. However, as we grow older, through a process of self-realization, perceptions, values, attitudes, and beliefs are redefined and new perspectives are developed on various issues. My childhood was largely shrouded in unreliability and uncertainty. As a child of devout Catholic parents, the religious views I held were largely influenced by my parents. Both of my parents were loving people who emphasized on the importance of good Christian morals and values. We, as a family, always recited the rosary, were always punctual in church, and never failed to attend church events and ceremonies. I remember them instructing us to always recite the Lord’s Prayer and the rosary before going to bed. I schooled in Catholic elementary schools, which played a big role in shaping my perceptions about religion and life’s purpose. Despite the Catholic upbringing, I had always wanted to explore the other world religions and learn their doctrines and beliefs about the supernatural world and the universe. As a student in high school, I liked participating in interreligious dialogue and unions. I enjoyed sharing views and beliefs with others, especially students from Protestant and Muslim backgrounds. After high school, I decided to pursue theology in college, which, in my opinion, explains the mysteries that surround the origin of the universe, life’s purpose, and mankind’s destiny. I believed that a course in theology would provide answers to some of these questions. Moreover, I thought that understanding the world’s religions would help m