ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is important to determine the efficiency of a business operation, because of the assumption that inefficient management of resources leads to business failure in the long run. However, this assertion seems true only if the enterprise competes in a business environment characterized by perfect competition. Thus, it is also imperative to point out that there are various cases wherein an enterprise manages to survive in spite of inefficiency. It is perhaps the end result of imperfect competition brought about by differences in location and product quality (Anderson, Fok, & Scott, 2000). The hotel industry is an example of an imperfectly competitive industry, and in this case the best candidate for an efficiency study. Methods The proponent of the study attempted to determine the managerial efficiency of the hotel industry through the use of a linear programming procedure. The said procedure was called the Data Envelopment Analysis of DEA (Anderson, Fok, & Scott, 2000). In a nutshell, a DEA process enables the researcher to figure out the minimum costs necessary to produce a certain level of input. Based on this analysis framework the use of inputs in excess of the minimum requirement tells researchers that a particular hotel is inefficient. The proponent of the study was able to measure the level of efficiency based on an “efficient frontier” framework. Under the DEA technique one can find the following efficiency measures: 1) overall efficiency or OE; 2) technical efficiency or TE; 3) allocative efficiency or AE; 4) pure technical efficiency or PTE; and 5) scale efficiency or SE (Anderson, Fok, & Scott, 2000). Data was taken from Ward’s Business Directory of U.S. companies (Anderson, Fok, & Scott, 2000). The proponent of the study selected hotels that provided complete financial records. After using this filtering process, the final sample reached the 48 mark. Nevertheless, the 48 hotels that were included in the final sample represented a wide cross section of hotels from all over the country. In addition, the firms were heterogeneous in terms of size. In order to generate pertinent data related to the “e
I wish to forward my application for consideration as a Registered Nurse intern in your organization during the summer. I have a passion for the nursing profession and I believe my background has given me the discipline and dedication that I require to become a competent nurse. I was brought up in a Christian family whereby we strongly upheld the Christian values of caring and assisting those in need. In addition, I highly value humanity and kindness, which is why I believe I am interested in nursing as a profession. A nurse should value human life and ensure that he/she works hard to preserve the health of a patient. One of the requirements of the nursing profession is the possession of leadership skills because there is always the likelihood that you could be called upon to make crucial decisions in the line of duty. In my case, I have prior experience in a management position I held at a company back in my home country, Ukraine. I am convinced that the experience that I gained in this management position shall help me immensely in pursuing my career path as a nurse. I am also capable of coping well under stressful situations and at the same time, I am capable of making crucial decisions under critical situations. I possess good listening skills and I believe that this is important for a nurse who is offering holistic care, and in helping to cultivate a strong relationship with the patients. In the next five years, I hope to gain valuable experience in the field of nursing. At the same time, I hope to have attained my master’s degree in the next five years. I would also wish to have become a nurse practitioner by that time.
Introduction The first moral problem is that the insurance company, HMO, does not consider their client’s health preference. Instead, it considers how much they will save by using cheaper alternatives. The second issue is that the HMO is not concerned at all if the transfer will inconvenience the client’s family. In this case, the HMO could offer alternative hospitals, or means of transport. Ethical dilemmas include picking of a choice hospital. Both University and Fair Oak have good facilities and quality healthcare. The dilemma is, if they choose to go to Fair Oak, the company will pay the hospital bills, but if they decide to remain at the University hospital, they risk losing out on their health cover. Factual information available to decision-makers Information available to the client is that the company had a contract with Fair Oak that included a discounted rate of service. It is also a fact that both Fair Oak and University have quality service, almost equal. Alan’s treatment at Fair Oak will save HMO money. Another fact being presented is that, the University hospital has a better reputation in dealing with cancer patients. Stakeholders The stakeholders in this situation are Alan Sr., the patient in need of the bone marrow transplant. The other stakeholder is his wife Monica, who has been with Alan throughout the illness and provided him with emotional and financial support. Other stakeholders include Alan’s son, Alan Jr., and their family friends. Alan’s HMO is another stakeholder in this matter. The University where Alan is undergoing treatment, and Fair Oak hospitals, where he is to be transferred to later, have a stake in the matter. Values at stake The values at stake in the transfer include that of Alan’s health. If anything goes wrong during relocation, Alan could lose his life or his health could deteriorate further. Another value at stake is that of impartiality. Alan’s HMO is not concerned whether there will be trauma on his part with the transfer. This indifference to the client’s state shows that they are unethical when considering the relocation. The HMO has abused the principle of non-affiliation. Treatment at all hospitals should be equal, but the company is affiliated with Fair Oak by being offered biased discounts. Possible consequences They include: Alan’s family covering the hospital bill thereby increasing the chances of Alan’s full recovery to over 95%; Monica will not have to leave her job; the hospital is at a convenient location so family and friends will visit hence encourage a quick recovery. The choice of Fair Oak will lead to fewer costs for both the family and HMO. However, recovery is not guaranteed but hopeful. Alan’s treatment program could be interfered with in the transition hence delaying his recovery. This delay in recuperating would create even more costs to the company. Public h
Casino gambling is traditionally discussed in the society as the negative phenomenon which can affect the community significantly because of influencing the crime rates and provoking the gambling addiction instead of supporting the persons’ welfare. That is why the legalization of casino gambling in Texas is considered as the first step to creating risky environments within the community. However, there is the opposite opinion promoted by economists, businessmen, and sociologists, according to which the legalization of casino gambling can be discussed as a significant contribution to the state’s economy. As a result, the issue of legalizing casino gambling is discussed as very important to be effectively resolved. Nevertheless, the question is controversial because there are two opposite visions of the problem which are based on the substantial evidence and examples referred to the progress of the casino industry in Las Vegas and Atlantic City. In spite of the fact that the idea of legalizing casino gambling is often discussed by opponents as the challenge to the community’s social health, Texas should approve the legalization of casino gambling because this situation can contribute to the improvement of the state’s economy with references to the question of taxation; it can contribute to overcoming the unemployment problem with the help of creating additional job positions; and it can contribute to increasing the public’s personal welfare in relation to the social and economic questions. The legalization of casino gambling in Texas is the appropriate way to improve the economy of the state with the help of focusing on the issue of taxation and on the expected casino revenues. In his work Legalized Casino Gaming in the United States: The Economic and Social Impact, Hc Hsu notes that Nevada was the first state in the United States where casino gambling was legalized in 1931 as the governors’ response to the progress of the economic crisis. Such a controversial approach to coping with the economic problems resulted in the significant stimulation of the state and country’s economy in the 1930s (Hc Hsu 4). The researcher also pays attention to the fact that the casino industry significantly affected the economy and tourism industry of the states where gambling became legalized during recent decades (Hc Hsu xiii). Referring to the recent results related to the correlation between the progress of the casino industry and the economy’s development, it is important to note that according to Kearney, Professor of Economics, “gross revenues from legalized gambling reached a record-high $78.6 billion in 2003. More than 80 percent of this total is accounted for by revenues from commercial casinos, Native American casinos, and state lotteries” (Kearney 282). While referring to the experience of the other states in developing the industry, it is important to note that the effective economic stimulation is necessary for Texas in th
My discipline is Networking and I have chosen two articles related to the modern technology. The first article is written by Benzaid and Taleb (2020) published in IEEE Network, and it examines how artificial intelligence influence 5G network. The second article is by Zhang et al. (2021) and it analyzes the interoperability of BIM software tools and addresses the problems in the process of data exchange. It was published in Computer Applications in Engineering Education journal. In addition to researchers, the audience of the first article is data security agents as it provides some insights on how the use of artificial intelligence to 5G can be venerable to external attacks. The second article’s audience is educators in engineering education as it discusses about the method of teaching engineering. This paper examines articles of Benzaid and Taleb (2020) and Zhang et al. (2021). To begin with, there is a need to understand the content of each article. Both articles are scientific and made by the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Benzaid and Taleb (2020) warn the audience that to fully reap the benefits of 5G, it is critical to develop robust and long-lasting security mechanisms that can deal with the ever-changing threat landscape. They suggest that traditional security measures are not enough. This is because of given the growing number of vulnerabilities, the sophistication of cyber threats, the high volume of traffic, and the diverse technologies (e.g., SDN, NFV) and services that will shape next-generation wireless networks. According to Benzaid and Taleb (2020), a new security measure that needs to be considers is the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI). They describe AI as a method that would enable intelligent, adaptive, and autonomous security management, allowing for prompt and cost-effective detection and mitigation of security threats. Their description provides an impression that AI is a promising direction. Moreover, Benzaid and Taleb (2020) illustrate AI’s positive aides, such as its ability to identify hidden patterns in a vast set of time-varying multi-dimensional data that allow faster and more accurate decision-making. With regards to the second article of Zhang et al. (2021), it reports a case study of the development of the new capstone project for engineering major students. It is based on team-based learning (TBL) combined with the 360-degree evaluation feedback method to increase students’ BIM competency. Data is collected and analyzed using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methodologies in order to assess students’ learning outcomes and BIM competency. The findings show that TBL, when combined with 360-degree feedback in the capstone project, can significantly improve graduates’ BIM expertise. This research examines the interoperability of BIM soft
Introduction Cultural values and practices are identified to vary from one location to another. Whether defined by laws or by societies, it is common to realize that what is practiced or is considered to be normal in one society may be differently perceived in another society. Such is the difference as realized between the United States and the United Kingdom. This paper seeks to discuss the difference in drinking habits in the two societies. The paper will research on identified behavior and trends as exhibited by individuals who drink as well as regulatory measures over drinking. Alcohol consumption in the United States Consumption of alcohol in the United States is considered to be a relative normalcy due to the percentage of the American population which is reported to be drinking. With a significant population of almost twenty million citizens being associated with the drinking problem, the habit can be identified to be common with different types of complications for varying individuals. Alcoholism in the United States has been identified with a variety of categories that also determines the level of consumption of the drug by individuals. There is the category of individual who are associated with a strong force of attraction that pulls them into alcohol consumption but poses a sense of control to their level and rate of consumption. There is yet another group of individual who are identified to have lost their sense of control with respect to the consumption and are rather driven by the desire while some individuals are so much into drug consumption to an extent that failure to drink induces physical body problems such as shaking among others (NIH, 2011). A research activity as conducted in the year 2010 revealed that the United States has adopted an increasing level of alcohol consumption as compared to the level that was realized two decades ago. The increasing trend in drinking is associated with a number of factors that include socioeconomic considerations. The trend is also associated with population changes that have been realized in the states in the past years. Consideration of demographic records in the United States has for example explained the association of the rates of drinking with the aging population and high level of immigration. Based on this opinion, the drinking habit in the United States can be defined in terms of occupations as well as social factors around an individual. The aging population for instance associates the drinking habit with the economically inactive popu
Abstract In the 21st century, China has popped up as a big tourism country worldwide. China’s tourism business has been around in various countries and regions, forming a large industrial scale. The tourism industry, like a sunrise industry, with its own unique properties, has a great potential in stimulating consumption, accepting employment, promoting industrial restructuring and economic development. This paper analyzes the general theory of tourism enterprises through the historical inevitability of conglomeration of tourism enterprises, the development status of tourism in China and other developed countries and internal and external barriers of China’s tourism enterprises. The aim of this paper was to reveal the Chinese tourism enterprises development strategy, to promote China’s tourism business a faster and healthier development, in order to deal with international competition and challenges. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using statistical techniques. The study found out that the major obstacles to conglomerate development are: lack of management experience, lack of experience in capital operation, financing channels, and funds, lack of manpower, unclear property right and weak brand awareness. Introduction Overview This chapter covers the background to the study, problem statement, research objectives, research hypotheses and the significance of the study. Background to the study According to the statistics of World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), in the next 10 years, as the world’s largest industry, the global tourism industry will grow by more than 4.4 per cent annually, the number of international tourists and international tourism revenue is postulated to expand by between 4.3 per cent and 6.7 per cent annually; this is far much higher than the 3 per cent of world’s wealth increasing rate (World Travel and Tourism Council 2011). By 2020, tourist arrivals worldwide are expected to reach 1.6 billion passengers; the tourism industry revenue will increase to 16 trillion dollars, which is equivalent to 10 per cent of the global GDP. At least 300 million jobs will be provided, accounting for 9.2 per cent of the total global employment, further strengthening its position as the world’s largest industry (Shiwen 2008, p.23). According to the World Tourism Organization, the global financial crisis in the US and Europe crippled tourism market in mature economies, tourism in emerging economies is still developing. The tourism industry has become the first industry to rebound in the international financial crisis. It contributes to reducing the negative impact of the crisis and plays an active role in the global economic recovery (World Travel and Tourism Council 2011). Since the occurrence of the global economic crisis, China’s tourism industry continued to maintain the momentum of rapid development. Its international tourism ranked first in Asia in addition to a strong tourism growth domesticall
The article in USA Today, titled “Re-entry into Society, or Back in Prison?” tells a tale of how people who end up in prison come out of it worse than they have been before, which forces them to commit crimes again. According to Cullen, Agnew, and Wilcox (2017), only a small percentage of criminals become life-course-persistent offenders. These numbers contradict the statistics offered by the article, which states that 75% of all criminals end up imprisoned within five years after their release (Rivers, 2017). According to Life-Course theory, the majority of crimes are committed by teenagers and young adults as a means of showing their independence in the absence of options available to adults. Once these options become available (such as jobs, marriage, etc.), the majority of offenders cease their criminal behavior and integrate into society. In American society, convicts that get sentenced to prison do not receive these options upon serving their sentence. There is a great deal of discrimination when hiring ex-felons, with the majority of them unable to get even a low-paying job (DePillis, 2015). In other words, they land in the same situation they were in during their teenage years when options for development were not available. Faced with a lack of government and societal support, many ex-convicts return to a life of crime. This idea is also prevalent in Cullen’s social support theory (Cullen et al., 2017), which claims that a lack of social support for struggling individuals is a major factor for empowering crime. Some of the proposed policies that utilize the Life-Course theory involve protecting ex-felon information about the sentence and the charges. These policies are incomplete, as they deny the employer the right to make an educated choice regarding employment. The more appropriate approach would involve reducing the number of people to get into prison on non-violent charges, such as drug possession and use.
The ability to choose the right business model can be listed among the key prerequisites to success in all business fields. Its importance in business activities cannot be overstated since the model outlines the key principles of collaboration and drawing revenues. This paper discusses and compares the business models of three popular hotels in the United Arab Emirates as Grand Hyatt Dubai, Hilton Dubai Creek, and Ritz Carlton Dubai. A business model belongs to the key components of development strategies used in business activities, and this notion is quite broad. Thus, using this term, researchers usually mean the representation of such aspects of the business as the methods of trading, organizational hierarchies, policies, or target markets (Bocken et al. 2014). Grand Hyatt Dubai is among the largest hotels in Dubai, it is owned by the Hyatt Hotels Corporation founded sixty years ago (Hyatt n.d.). In its business operations, the corporation and all its hotels in different parts of the United Arab Emirates rely on the provision of high-quality services. Grand Hyatt Dubai belongs to the corporation’s luxurious full-service facilities, which is reflected in the number of revenues. According to the statements of its CEO, the corporation is planning to replace its “asset-recycling strategy” with “a fee-driven business model” (Ting 2017, para. 3). Along with other hotels owned by the corporation, Grand Hyatt Dubai is supposed to focus on technological development rather than real estate acquisition (Ting 2017). Hilton Dubai Creek belongs to the most popular Hilton hotels in the United Arab Emirates. The hotel is owned by Hilton Hotels & Resorts (n.d.), a multinational network of full-service facilities and the key brand of the Hilton Corporation. Just like other hotels in the Hilton chain, the mentioned facility is a part of the global service differentiation model utilized by the corporation (Wang & Chung 2015). The pillars of the hotel’s business strategy include customer retention and satisfaction since the company has introduced bonus systems and special offers for foreign guests (Hilton Hotels & Resorts n.d.). Belonging to the full-service segment, the hotel also invests in technological advancement to provide space for business events. Ritz-Carlton Dubai is a famous high-class hotel in the United Arab Emirates. The facility belongs to the Ritz-Carlton (n.d.), a subsidiary of Marriott International headquartered in the United States. The mentioned hotel offers a wide range of accommodation services and a lot of event space for business and personal meetings (Ritz-Carlton n.d.). Similar to the previously mentioned hotels, the Ritz-Carlton Dubai is a part of a large chain. However, the facts that make its business model special include a limited number of target customers and the lack of service differentiation activities (Bandyopadhyay 2014). Therefore, its model of operation is less flexible in terms of prices if compared to other chains presented in the United Arab Emirates. In the end, taking into account the wider environment, it is possible to say that the three hotels share a range of similarities related to th