ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The language as an intervention approach is imperative for people to comprehend temperament of political euphemisms. Usually, euphemisms originate from modernist beliefs, dissent power, and decorum. Individuals who want talk about things without raising a mental picture of the subject use political euphemisms. Notably, the purpose of euphemisms is to strike the imagination of an individual by creating an incomplete picture of the event, the object or the subject in the mind. In effect, individuals cannot understand the real meaning of a statement because the definition laid out through euphemisms is incomprehensible. Currently, political euphemism endeavors to transform unaccepted dark ideas and arguments into useful catchphrases for media consumption. As such, politicians use euphemism to doublespeak, lie, pure wind, or cloudy vagueness to advance their interests. This essay paper discusses political euphemism in relation to the Wiley and Luke (1996) statement “language can be used as an instrument of political, social and economic control” (p. 512) The use of one language is considered to enhance national unity and social mobility. In the US for instance, the language diversity is shaped by two dominant ideologies (Wiley & Luke, 1996). The first ideology is monolingual English ideology, which is manifested via rhetoric of English Only Movement. English as the standard language in the US is the second ideology (Wiley & Luke, 1996). As a symbol of symbol of unity and social mobility, politicians use English to advance their political euphemism by coining new phrases with hidden meaning. In most world languages, euphemisms fulfill certain imperative roles such as protecting the speaker, appeasing the listeners, mobilizing groups towards certain beliefs or interests and advancing individual interests. Hojati (2012) believes that political euphemisms aim is to protect the speaker from arousing undesirable emotions among the public. In concepts that are too offensive to talk about, the speakers are obliged to find a roundabout, indirect and socially acceptable ways of addressing them. In this case, euphemisms camouflages and sanitizes actions, events and things that appear unacceptable via speaker’s common language (Hojati, 2012). It is not surprising that people use euphemism frequently in political communication appear insensible to destitute individuals and groups (Crespo-Fernández, 2014). Besides, euphemism neutralizes the negative implication associated with certain offenses. Thus, it advances conformity to current assumptions and beliefs in behavior and language with reference to policies such as ageism, racism, and sexism. Numerous examples show the use of euphemism by politicians to advance their interests. For instance, David Cameroon advocates for “social welfare” and “the welfare state” (Poole, 2006). From a normal point of view, “the welfare state” means that government is responsible for all people’s wellbeing. However, Poole (2006) believes that the intention of Tories government is to delegate some of its duties of providing welfare to voluntary organizations. As such, using a
Introduction One of the most notable aspects of a post-industrial living in the West, is the fact that, as time goes on, the robotics-related technologies become ever more incorporated into people’s lives (Bajcsy 2014). It is understood, of course, that there are a number of the socio-political and economic implications to the process in question. This paper will reflect on the most important of them and expound on what can be considered the most notable effects of Robotics on the functioning of organizations/governments, and on people’s ability to take advantage of their existential potential. This will be done in the bullet-point manner, consistent with the provided questions’ structural framework. The benefits and limitations of robotics for individuals The foremost benefits of Robotics for individuals can be formulated as follows:   * The continual development/implementation of the Robotics-related technologies will increase the chances of self-actualization, on the part of the potentially affected individuals . The reason for this is quite apparent – while taking practical advantage of these technologies, people will be able to save the substantial amounts of time, as a result of not being longer required to take care of the (predominantly domestic) routine but time-consuming tasks, such as preparing meals, for example (Brooks 1991). Consequently, the concerned individuals would be more likely to capitalize on what happened to be their yet unrealized life-potentials. This alone creates t
This paper seeks to describe the relationship between strategic planning and financial planning in the case of Starbucks. The paper will also describe the risks associated with initiatives that management has announced and the financial impact that these risks may have. Strategic planning involves the design of options from which the company must choose deliberately in order to attain its mission and vision. Strategies are made therefore after an environmental analysis, both external and internal. External analysis involves looking at industry opportunities and threats while internal analysis may involve conducting a financial analysis to determine company’s strengths and weakness. From these opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses, strategies are prepared and implemented to attain corporate objectives in line with corporate mission and vision. Financial planning on the other hand must be considered part of the process of designing the financial strategies for the company in relation to the strategic plan of the company. Financial planning therefore specifies some of the details of the strategic plan by looking at how financial resources will sustain strategic plans. To apply the same in the case of the Starbucks, it may be argued that it is the company’s objective to attain an acceptable level of return in order to recover with profits above its cost of capital. Since financial plan is implemented by making financial forecasts for the future, it may be asserted that what the company has forecasted in terms of revenues and expenses in its financial plan is on the basis of initiatives that management has announced (Starbucks, 2008b) pursuant to strategic plans. Management must align with the strategic plan of the company to attain certain level of profitability while facing certain risks. The initiatives that would be undertaken basically involve investment of money and as in any kind of investment not everything is one hundred percent sure. There are therefore certain risks which the company have acknowledged in its 2007 annual report and these include the fact that the Starbucks’ financial performance is highly dependent on its US operating segment, which consists of more than 75% of the consolidated total revenues in 2007 (Starbucks, 2008a). Thus the company admits that any substantial decline on its US operations, could adversely affect the company’s business results. Another risk is the present economic condition in the US, which is external to the company but must be considered in implementing the initiatives. It can be concluded that this paper has discussed the relationship of strategic planning to financial planning for Starbucks and it has provided an insight into how risks could be associated with any strategic plan the company may have no matter how good-sounding the initiatives may be. Management needs still to consider the external and internal environments in the design of its strategic plan and financial plan. If financial plan, which could be affected by economic conditions, would not materialize, the same could cause the failure of the strategic plan.
In Thomas Paine’s Common Sense , the primary example of logos is the title of the literary work itself due to the fact that Paine tries to appeal to the audience. The author needs to elicit the willingness to act because Americans of that time were under British suppression. Paine believed that “a long habit of not thinking a thing wrong, gives it a superficial appearance of being right, and raises at first a formidable outcry in defence of Custom” (Conway 67). For Paine, it was common sense that the fight for emancipation should have begun a long time ago, and he tried to do everything to utilize logos to fascinate the audience. The author’s utilization of ethos follows the successful application of logos at the beginning of the speech. Paine’s credibility is not “induced by motives of pride, party, or resentment to espouse the doctrine of separation and independence” (Conway 92). In a sense, Paine establishes a connection with the target audience and shares “nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense” (Conway 84). Accordingly, the author’s ethos revolves around the fact that he is an unbiased actor who is going to prioritize facts over personal beliefs. Ultimately, the use of pathos can be highlighted as well because Paine hints at the logical nature of moving past the British domination. He refutes the argument regarding the benefits of being subjugated by stating that one cannot “assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty” (Conway 84). A variety of emotions that Paine establishes with the help of these words can be deemed overriding and strong enough to entice the audience. Work Cited Conway, Moncure. The Writings of Thomas Paine . Knickerbocker Press, 1894, pp. 67-120, Web.
The book “Lucky” by Alice Sebold unfolds the rape ordeal that the author went through at the age of 18 years as well as the aftermath of the heinous act on her personal life. Alice recounts how she suffered after the attack even though she relentlessly tried to ignore the ordeal from haunting her (Sebold 14). She explains how it affected her individual and family life as well. She concentrates mainly on the physical, psychological, and financial impacts that she went through. Meanwhile, the book attempts to shed light on society’s attitude towards victims of rape. It is also apparent that Alice was seriously assaulted when she was being interrogated by police officers. However, she later spotted her assailant who was sentenced to maximum jail term having been found guilty of the offense. It is imperative to note that rape causes intense physical pain to a victim (Sebold 13). She sustained myriad physical injuries such as skin bruising as a result of being rolled down several times. Besides, her lips were also cut off (Sebold 13). Through the horrible encounter, Alice sustained serious vaginal injury leading to profuse bleeding. All these amounted to physical pain. Psychologically, Alice was emotionally traumatized bearing in mind that she couldn’t recall everything that happened when she was attacked. By the end of the rape ordeal, she experienced extreme emotional disturbance (Sebold 19). She felt embarrassed and developed a lot of emotional stress and fear and agony. She felt embarrassed telling her ordeal to her parents, friends, and policemen. She feared that all her classmates would discover the ordeal (Sebold 27). Alice found it hard to cope with normal school life since the ordeal persistently haunted her. She felt guilty for a long though she triumphantly got over it after intense counseling. Besides psychological and physical impacts, victims are likely to undergo financial losses especially d
The movie “To Kill a Mocking Bird” was filmed from a 1960 Novel of the same name by Harper Lee. This movie is a semi-autobiographical presentation of a small city in Alabama, a widower attorney, and racial unrest setting. This movie presented a timely reflection of the extent of deep racial problems and social injustices existing in the southern part of the US in the early 60s. The innocence and world of play of young people is clearly presented in the movie by the actions of the two young characters by the names of Scout and her elder brother Jem and the way they perceive their widower’s father Attorney Atticus (Harper 12). The movie featured Gregory Peck acting under the name Atticus Finch acting as a lawyer in the racially divided town of Alabama in the 1930s.Finch chooses to act in defense of a young black man accused of raping a white woman. The story is given from the view of a six year old scout child stirring in the movie as Atticus child. The story is then narrated to the audience by an adult scout. This presents a form of distinctiveness in the narrative part of the movie (Dirks 2). This is useful because it allows the first person narration forming the plot of the movie to contain adult language and insights at the same time upholding the innocent outlook of a child. Incorporating an adult perspective in the is essential in adding a measure of hindsight to the movie and consequently leaving room for the audience to analyze events in the movie from a deeper angle. The setting of the movie in a black and white picture mode has also helped in distinguishing. This is because most of us are used to colored movies and so a black and white movie shows an aspect of uniqueness and creativity on the part of the producer (Dirks 2). The movie has also exhibited a high level in the successful connection of themes in its plot. For instance, the theme of racial discrimination and violence are well incorporated and connected where Scout and Jem are evicted from their father’s house after deciding to defend Tom Robinson, a black man falsely accused of raping a white woman. The innocent children are later attacked on a dark night by a prejudiced adult. This depicts a high sense of interconnectivity in the plot and the overall development of the movie since the author successfully links these events in order to present different themes in the movie (Harper 112). Characters such as Atticus and Calpurnia are used by the author in presenting the aspect of sympathy towards those who might be less privileged in the society. To further present this theme in the movie, the author uses such scenes as the scene where scout welcomes a less privileged member of his class home for supper and belittles his table manners in order to be at the same par with his classmate. She defends her move by standing to her stand that she is bound to treat all guests with respect regardless of
The most dynamic and momentous period in American history was the 19 th century. This period turned out to be the climax of the developments that would later transform the country forever. This era of change saw many Americans participate in the transformations that were taking place around them, including the civil war, reconstruction, and creation of the constitution. This paper discusses the major themes that emerge in US history to 1877, lessons learned and issues up for debate. Major Themes Immigration The European migration to America encountered resistance from Native Americans. Different policies and laws on slavery led to the American Revolution (1775-1783), after which a new republic and the Constitution were established, and reconstruction began. The 1800-1877 period was marked by immigration into the US, which raised concerns among the natives. During this era, the American population increased by almost 27 million people (Hierbert et al., 2018). Immigrants came in hordes from China and Western Europe and settled in every part of the country in large numbers except in the Deep South, which was hostile. Free or contract migrant labor helped grow the economy and triggered democratic movements to agitate for political and civic rights. Industrial Growth By the 1900s, America became a global leader in manufacturing. The country’s economy was built on the railroads constructed to facilitate transportation. By the late 1890s, 20 percent of the total rail network was complete (Hierbert et al., 2018). Heavy investment in railroads was necessary to power the industrial economy and open up the country. America had overtaken Great Britain as the world leader in iron and steel production. The country’s economy was linked to the larger global economy. Higher immigration rates, family-owned businesses, and urbanization contributed to industrial growth. The social and cultural aspects also affected the economy, as they determined the value attached to the manufacturing sector, who led businesses, and workplace culture. Despite the steady progress in the economy, most Americans were worried that strong corporations, urbanization, immigration, and wage labor could undermine their values. Politics Americans came together and founded many reform movements and trade unions. This group (anti-monopolists) comprised farmers, entrepreneurs, and laborers fighting for better terms or treatment. The unifying factor was the concerns about the emergence of powerful corporations and monopolistic entities. According to Watson (2018), many Americans were worried about the independence of their wages, rising unemployment, and declining individual freedoms and r
Introduction Some of the ways to handle objections in marketing is forestalling, direct denial, indirect denial, translation/boomerang, compensation, questioning/assessing, or third-party reinforcement. This report will discuss in detail 2 effective ways to handle customer objections; namely Direct denial and Indirect denial. Direct Denial Babylon’s dictionary defines Direct Denial as handling a buyer’s objection by contradicting it in a “head-on” manner (Babylon Dictionary, 2007). Although by this process the customer’s objection is confronted directly but the denial is supported by facts. This method of opposing customers can be confrontational depending upon various circumstances like the necessity of the product to the customer, cost of product and personality of the customer. This method of denial should be used with caution as no customer likes to be told that he or she is wrong (Siguaw and Bojanic, 2004). This method will generally be used emphatically by the sales person when the customer has wrong information about the product or company resulting into affecting the reputation. Typical example of this kind of denial will be: ‘I’m sorry, Mr.Smith, but our hotel is not closing. Indeed, as you can see here, our annual report indicates how well we have been doing’ (Sig;uaw and Bojanic, 2004, pp. 112). I find the use of this method of objection as most challenging as the success rate of this method of objection depends on many factors such as emotions of the customer and the manner in which the direct denial is made. Indirect Denial This is a more softer approach of direct denial where the sales person negates the opinion of the customer but indirectly. In this case, the sales person initially agrees with the customer but then politely disagrees to him. This process of handling customer objections is lighter however its more tactful and courteous than direct denial. Indirect denial has a typical characteristic of the use of the statement ‘yes, but..’ ph
Definitions Implication According to Durant & Lambrou (2009), the implication can be defined as an assumption that is made towards something which cannot be expressed in words. In his book, Hackley (2009) claims that the textual and visual elements used to design an advertisement are used to imply certain notions regarding the product being advertised. His arguments regarding implications in advertising will play a pivotal role in analyzing the contextual meaning of advertisements. This shall be done by examining both the textual and visual elements of the advertisement in a bid to determine what they imply to the consumers of the product being advertised. Canonical speech situation The canonical speech situation refers to “the moment of utterance that serves as the temporal deictic center for both speaker and hearer (Lee and Choi, 2010, p. 213).” In their article, the authors describe this event as an interactive moment where the speaker intends to have the hearer acknowledges that the speaker wants the audience to accept his/her role as the recipient of the message and react to it accordingly. This situation shall be identified in an advertisement to show the role that language and words play in depicting meaning in an advertisement. Multimodality As Granstrom, House, and Karlsson (2002, p.16) state, multimodality refers to the “seamless combination of graphic, text, and audio output with speech, text, and touch input to deliver a dramatically enhanced end-user experience.” Their book gives various perspectives on how multimodality is used in advertisements to ensure that consumers d
Introduction It is a moral and social responsibility of organizations and business enterprises to embrace diversity within their organizational workforce. The reliance on a diverse organizational workforce normally serves to be a sign of the diversity of the community that the business organization undertakes its operations. Ignoring diversity can impose significant effects on the business performance of an organization, and can additionally impose huge costs regarding the damaged business reputation and compensation payments (Arredondo 1996). Diversity can generally be described as valuing every organizational member as an individual. With this respect, managing diversity is core to the effective management of people within an organization, and it is usually relevant to the all the business processes and functions (Chartered Institute of Personal Development 2006). The significant challenge when managing diversity is to establish an organizational culture that meets the values of every organizational member, which is needed to foster employee productivity. Research studies report that half of the organizations in the United Kingdom are faced with difficulties during workforce recruitment. As a result, business enterprises and organizations that do not emphasize on managing diversity are gradually risking in the increasing competition for available talent across diverse cultures. In the present competitive business environment, it is imperative that business enterprises explore all the potential sources that can be used to create a competitive advantage (Chartered Institute of Personal Development 2006). The implication of this is that employers must have an in-depth understanding of the aspect of diversity and its relationship with business performance; this offers a framework through which business enterprises can compete productively. This paper compares and contrasts Primary Care Trust, which embraces diversity and the TMT companies in Europe, which have failed to embrace diversity. The paper also conducts an analysis of the companies’ policies, procedures and equal opportunities at different levels within the organization. The paper also compares how the organizations adhere to the governmental legislation and offer viable recommendations for the company has failed in embracing diversity. Comparison of the policies, procedures and equal opportunities at different organizational levels within the organizations Diversity management entails a more proactive and inclusive approach that is more than just complying with equal opportunities for legal requirements. It provides a framework through which employers can implement to add value to their organizations through recognition of all the kinds of variations among individuals. The Chartered Institute of Personal Development first proposed the aspect of diversity management during the mid-90s. At the same t