ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract This paper aims at analyzing the data on the issue of drug consumption and abuse among adolescents, a menace for public health. The information for the paper was collected from various studies, current event articles, and evidence-based works. In addition, the objectives of the paper are as follows: the first aim is to analyze the collected data and produce a review of the information. The second aim is to evaluate referential opinions, compare and contrast them critically. The next objective is to examine the policy in New Jersey regarding drug abuse in adolescents, and finally, to draw a conclusion summarizing all the information. After evaluating the data, drug abuse in adolescents can be considered a menace for public health. Keywords: drug consumption, drug abuse, adolescents, public health Introduction Currently, the issue of drug consumption among adolescents has become widely discussed and utterly controversial. Many people hold an opinion that adolescents are in particular danger of using drugs and their consequent adverse effects which is proved with scientific pieces of evidence and various studies. However, some researchers claim that today’s adolescents are remarkably self-conscious, and trends in adolescents’ drug consumption are statistically promising (Levy, Campbell, Shea, & DuPont, 2018). It is possible to note that “past-year use of illicit drugs other than marijuana has held steady at the lowest levels in more than two decades” (Office of Adolescent Health, 2019, para. 6). Nevertheless, the question remains – is there a real public health menace in the drug consumption of adolescents aged 15-19 years old, and what is a general situation around it nowadays? This paper aims at analyzing the data on the issue from various research studies, evaluating referential opinions, and drawing a conclusion with a consequent answer to the question mentioned above. Affecting Factors Adolescence is age-specific and can be characterized by exposure towards such a social phenomenon as peer pressure or bullying, which may lead to psychological disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In addition, it is typical for individuals aged 15-19 years old to experience boredom and lack of emotions (Bagley, 2018). These aspects along with other factors mentioned above make adolescents vulnerable and susceptible to drug consumption (Levy et al., 2018). A reason for concern is that, although lately statistics show the lowest percentage of drug-using teenagers, adolescents still use such most common substances as marijuana and alcohol. Moreover, when adolescents are at the age of 15-19 years, their brain and mind are exposed to drugs; dopamine contained in these drugs causes pleasant feelings to which an adolescent responds quickly. This is the point where the addiction begins as it is common for adolescents to get used to this state of pleasure and consequently want to prolong it. To avoid or treat addiction, it is essential to detect such a state as early as possible and try to intervene (Curtin, Tejada-Vera, & Warmer, 2017; Levy et al., 2018). In most cases, there are other reasons for starting to consum
Introduction Communication is a fundamental aspect in our daily lives as people must always convey messages to each other (Roebuck, 2006, p. 8). Basically communication is the process of transferring information from one party to the other party. For an effective communication to take place there has to be a medium through which the message is conveyed (Roebuck, 2006, p. 10). As such, it is very important to select an appropriate medium that would be effectual. Without an appropriate medium, the communication process would probably fail to attain its goal. In every communication process, there has to be a sender who sends a message to the receiver (Roebuck, 2006, p. 10). After receiving the message, it is upon the receiver to send a feedback to the sender. The feedback is actually a response to the message which was sent by the sender (Roebuck, 2006, p. 11). Communication can mainly be divided into two groups which include verbal communication and written communication. Verbal communication is whereby information is conveyed through word of mouth and can either be face to face or through phone calls (Roebuck, 2006, p.2). Written communication refers to messages which are transmitted through various writing words. This form of communication is mainly used in the corporate world and consists of memos, electronic mail, bulletins and manuals. Unfortunately messages are sometime are sometimes affected by communication barriers that can distort everything. The objective of this paper is to analyze some three e-mail messages and discuss the purpose, sender, receiver, message, environment, technology, noise and feedback. The paper also discusses whether the message and technology were appropriate given the environment and purpose. Finally, the paper addresses a response to one of the messages as it explains how the content, media, and technology of the feedback are appropriate for the purpose and audience. The first e-mail In the first e-mail message, communication takes place between two people who are namely Mrs. Powel and Alamo. Their interactions begin when Alamo requests Mrs. Powell to provide her with scholarship information. In response to Alamo’s message, Mrs. Powell reply’s back by saying, “Great, thanks! See you then!” Alamo sends another message to Mrs. Powell in which she talks of her desire to participate with making signs. On the receiving end, Mrs. Powell does not reply Alamo directly but addresses her message to everyone. In her message Mrs. Powell informs everyone about an upcoming party that would is scheduled in April. Considering the communication between Alamo and Mrs. Powel, their messages were not well elaborated. In the first ins
The Proposal Digging deep into the annals of history, one cannot help, but, feel awed at the immense progress that has been made in the arena of communication and media technology. In just one century, we have been able to move from the basic communication methods when people expressed themselves through signals to the modern age communication methods where, through the click of a button, one can transmit a message from one corner of the world to the other. In essence, the media industry was traditionally used to generally inform the public with newspaper and radios being the most used media. However, the advancement of technologies and needs by various audiences has introduced other aspects of media such as entertainment and marketing—with Media such as television and the internet gaining an increasingly large audience. In this paper, central focus is going to be on analyzing visual media, specifically reality TVs, and how their influence has been felt in the world today. In doing so, The Jersey Shore , a popular reality TV show in America, will be distinctively forecasted with other shows such as Friends being sparingly mentioned for comparison purposes. The Jersey Shore was chosen based on the various media dynamics entailed in it, its unmatched popularity, and the numerous themes addressed in it. All these intricacies make it a fitting show worth being analyzed. Main Discussion Overview of the Jersey Shore The Jersey Shore is an American-based Reality TV that commenced in the year 2009 at MTV. Ever since then, the series has been able to produce several episodes and, currently, the audience is waiting for the premiere of season 6 which is to be released in the due course of this year (Gorman). In essence, the show revolves around the lives of 8 participants staying at the Jersey Shore in U.S. hence its name. Though in season 2 and 4, the cast moved to Miami Beach and Italy respectively, and then came back to their original residence in the seasons in between. More importantly, the Jersey Shore depicts various themes in teenage life and early adulthood such as love, alcohol and drugs, relationships, work and how people tend to communicate to one another in all these facets of life. As we move from one season to another, various dynamics are introduced and removed while we get to witness how the manner of communication amongst the housemates changes. Being a reality show, meaning that we get to witness live and spontaneous unfolding of events; the audience experiences a lot of suspense, intrigue and drama. This, probably, is the reason why teenagers are addicted to this “reality show” with reports from several scholarly quarters affirming that the Jersey Shore is MTV’s most viewed telecast series, in
Introduction In this text, the author, Barbara Curry, examines the leadership traits of women who have taken up leadership roles and the challenges they face in their ascendancy to leadership positions. Through a dynamic approach, the book analyses the sociological, philosophical and psychological factors that define women leaders and the aspects of effective leadership. This paper explores female leadership traits and cultural and social contexts that promote women’s ascendancy to power by reviewing, critiquing and evaluating the key concepts in Curry’s text and other literature on women’s leadership. The Text’s Theoretical Arguments and Concepts Through a brief account of the journeys of eight women leaders, Curry (2000) first analyses the theories of leadership and management including leadership style, trait, team, contingency, and situational. She then examines the environmental factors that foster leadership development. This forms the theoretical framework for her argument that ascend to leadership positions is a personal journey, not a change process as described by earlier theories. Curry (2000) notes that personal beliefs, commitments, and values change during personal journeys from childhood to adulthood; past personal experiences define the present leader’s persona (Regan, &Brooks, 1995). Curry (2000) supports this argument by sharing the developmental journeys of eight female leaders, who were administrators of universities, colleges and government offices. The Relationship between the Text’s Argument and Concepts In this text, the author charts a new course for female leadership by demonstrating the relationships between her main argument and key leadership concepts. She criticizes traditional conceptions and theories of examining leadership as a product of trait, style and teams and provides a new perspective; leadership development as an adaptive process closely related to personal development from childhood to adulthood and maturation. By providing selected success stories of women in leadership, Curry (2000) also links leader persona in women leaders with philosophical and sociological perspectives of these leaders. She dismisses mythical conceptions surrounding women’s leadership and portrays leadership as an interdisciplinary and holistic concept determined by behavior and emotional intelligence (Fletcher, 2001). From the stories of the eight women, Curry (2000) identifies transcendent themes and connects them to the leader persona. She shows that personal experiences enable each person to develop his or her leadership persona and foster authentic leadership. Critique of th
Introduction Organizations undertake financial planning in order to ensure that they utilize resources effectively to achieve their intended objectives. Financial planning mainly entails strategically devising means through which the organization can source funds and use them efficiently to achieve growth and development. However, a plan on how to allocate the funds is also critical in ensuring that the intended growth and development are attained. This is the essence of budgeting. This paper carries out an elaborate analysis of the financial planning process, determining the difference between budgets and financial plans and explaining the role of strategic management. The distinctions between a budget and a financial plan While budgets often deal with data relating to both the specific budget year as well as the previous year, financial plans cover at least two past years (Mittal, 2010). Additionally, financial plans project the future expenditure of more than two years derived from the strategic documents of the organization. These strategic documents vary in their scope and roles and may include documents on staffing patterns, history of enrolment, and capital needs among many others. The processes of these two documents also vary. A financial plan often undertakes a financial evaluation seeking to determine loopholes through which funds go into waste, rather than performing their intended tasks. Financial plans thus lead to the renewal of programs that produce positive results. Ineffective programs are discovered through the help of such plans and are dropped off to pave the way for the valuable ones only. On the contrary, budgeting entails a routine process that undertakes annual expenditure review. Budgeting officers rely on specific directions to determine the spending limits before they can come up with new programs for their enterprises (Mi
Healthy People is an organization that attempts to promote the overall health of the American population. One of their major tasks is to increase people’s awareness about the determinants of health and ways of avoiding various diseases. Additionally, they try to improve the cooperation of different government agencies that are responsible for protecting the health of Americans (Healthy People, 2012, unpaged). This is the main purpose of this organization. It should be noted that the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) will be responsible for coordinating the effort across communities and sectors. In turn, Healthy People will help HHS with this task. In my opinion, tobacco is one of the most important indicators of how healthy society is. To demonstrate its impact one can look at the statistic findings of researchers. For instance, approximately ten million people, living in the United States, suffer from diseases that are caused by smoking (Edin & Golanty 2009, p. 392). This example shows that individual behavior can be the cause of many preventable diseases and its impact cannot be underestimated. Currently, Healthy People attempts to raise people’s awareness about the adverse effects of tobacco on a person’s health (Healthy People, 2011, unpaged). Overall, in the future, this organization will strive to create an environment that promotes health. They will focus on the prevention of diseases, the cooperation of governmental agencies, and promoting health equity. The attempts of Healthy People are in part aimed at helping people to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Nurses are also responsible for this task because they can warn people about the risks of smoking, poor diet, or lack of physical exercise. The work of these professionals can assist organizations like Healthy People.
Introduction When citizens from all walks of life are chosen to attend a court, hear testimonies in legal disputes and determined the verdict of the case then that’s what can be defined as a jury. The jury simply decides whether the accused is guilty or innocent as charged or as proved (Anon, What is a jury 2002) Constitutional Trial Rights Enacted During a Jury Trial The American constitution under the sixth amendment clarifies that the accused should enjoy the rights of a speedy and public trial, by an unbiased jury of the state and the district where the crime occurred. The accused has also the right to be informed about the nature and cause of the accusation, can be confronted by a witness if any for questioning and to have an option of obtaining a witness of his own desire (Mathewson, 2009). Selection of a Fair and Unbiased Jury For a jury selection to be fair and unbiased the use of person’s race, sex, religion, affiliation or nationality should never come to play. It is no doubt that the jury’s responsibility in court is such enormous and thus having an impartial jury becomes very important in ensuring fair trial for both parties. He has the right to have a jury pool composed of a fair cross section of people of all walks of life. Then from the pool the jury can be chosen (Norton, Sommers & Brauner, 2007). Steps in a Jury Trial Selecting a Jury Pool These are names of individuals who are forwarded to a court of law among them are to be chosen the jurors. The judge then chooses a juror administrator who is charged with the responsibility of choosing the qualified juror from the juror pool. A random draw is done in order to select the number of the jurors required and a juror cannot be selected from outside the pool. Before the end of seven days the juror administrator mails those who have been selected as members of the jury. The mailing can be single tier or a two tier. Disqualification, Exemption, Deferral, and Documentation From the chosen jurors the courts scrutinizes their qualifications and if not qualified the juror is disqualified or serves under reasonable consideration. Among the qualifications are that the juror should be an American citizen and understands and can write in English. Exemptions are usually done by application for example a juror had served in another session within the last 24 months then he can apply for exemption or for deferrals until future moments. If the jurors are qualified their names are then put into books. It is important to note that a term of a juror is from the beginning up to the conclusion of the case in question and any in
The first type of Greek food that can be found in Athens is the taramasalata. It is also known as the fish roe dip and can be seen as much more popular than other dips such as tzatziki or fava. The potato or bread base is blended with white/pink fish roe and a small portion of olive oil. On the other hand, dolmades are the signature food that one can meet in Athens. Dolmades are hollowed out vegetables stuffed with rice and minced meat and baked in the oven. One more instance of classic Greek foods is the moussaka. Foscolou states that it features layers consisting of minced lamb, sautéed aubergine, tomatoes, garlic, and other spices and a topping made of cheese and béchamel sauce (116). The most famous attraction in Athens is the Acropolis. It is represented by ancient ruins and other great artifacts that contain the history of the region. Around the Acropolis, one may find large neighborhoods and Byzantine churches. The ancient Agora is another tourist attraction that is worth mentioning, as it was the core Greek marketplace back in the day (Roussou et al. 411). The third attraction mentioned within the framework of the current paper is the National Garden. It can be found near the Greek parliament and the Temple of Olympian Zeus. There are many tall trees taking the tourists away from the busy streets, allowing them to get away from all the stress caused by numerous visitors flooding the area. Even though Athens has become home for many visitors throughout the year, there is one issue that the Greeks do not know how to deal with just yet. It relates to the fact that the majority of attractions in the region are mere stones and stone constructions. That quickly makes visitors reluctant to anything else in the region.
Introduction Working in the hospitality industry is both exciting and strenuous since it provides a plethora of opportunities for personal and professional development, simultaneously creating an impressive workload. As an intern at the Connaught Hotel, I managed to develop a range of communication and teamwork skills, the ability to organize and self-manage my tasks, and the tendency to educate myself by learning from workplace experiences. By focusing on time management and communication, I created the environment in which I could succeed continuously due to the active learning process and the promotion of self-directed learning. According to the contract, I had to work 40 hours a week, with five working days and two days off. Since there were three shifts at the reception desk (early: 07:00-15:30, late: 14:30-23:00 and night: 22:30-07:00.), I kept rotating from morning tonight. While it was rather difficult to adjust to the specified schedule at first, it provided opportunities for managing my time more effectively. Log Entries Date: Place: The Connaught hotel                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      What happened? My first week at Connaught turned out to be quite stressful since I had a star rating inspector arriving at Connaught as a mystery guest. Since his room was booked at the last minute, there was a significant delay with the check-in process. To manage the problem, I offered the inspector complimentary drinks and collaborated with the rest of the hotel staff to prepare the room, the keys, and the registration card.       Reflections on experience . Although the situation was overall quite stressful, it provided a crucial opportunity for me to train communication skills that are necessary for a hotel receptionist (Nickson 2007; Mullins 2001; Mullins 2010). While there was a significant challenge to the immediate management of the issues concerning the guest’s check-in, the described experience taught me how to manage similar scenarios in the future.   Learning from the experience Coordinating the situation with the mysterious guest has taught me the essentials of problem-solving ad orientation (particularly, I have u