ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Brief biography Giotto Di Bondone was a reknowned italian architect and painter who lived between July 1266 and january 1337. 1 In his most popular name, it is worth to refer to him as one of the most prolific artists who were utterly important in the renaisance of Italy. Giotto came up with contemporary pieces of paintings in his time. He was highly reputed due to the drawing of figure postures which were inseparable with the realities of nature. Historical research records indicate that Giotto was born at Romimignano which was a very sympolic farmhouse on top of a hill. This explains the honour attached to his birthplace. Indeed, the commercial publications which assert this special feature of Giotto (the artist) would lose value without this phenomenal inclusion. The artistic life of Giotto was not merely full of these unique characteristics. His father Bondone was a well known personality. He had achieved an admirable status of a life which had a good stand in society. Despite the fact that the society of that time kept keen records of all individuals, Giotto was able to come up with an amicable stability. The fact that he was a son to a blacksmith happened to be a valuable outfit which positioned him to grow into an intelligent and adorable artist. Giotto was alo known to be a highly gifted painter during his tender years. He would draw very magnificent pictures of sheep and other animals. 2 This was a clear indication of how much he was endowed with an inherent talent. Artists argue that an artistic brain cannot be concealed by the circumstances of a person’s life. Art is comparable to some form of fire which burns out of the heart of its beholder. Giotto was taken to art workshops where he was able to appreciate his skill right from the level of an apprentice. What makes his paintings different from byzantine style artist The artistic works of Goitto have a profound feture of excellence. It is possible to compare and contrast his productions with the works of most byzantine artists. 3 On top of the fact that Giotto painted with a great influence of the happenings of nature, it is evident that his skill was differentiated from that of the byzantine styles. Giotto was well established in the technique of making accurate and precise paintings from the occurences of real life. 4 His technique was a revival of an historical technique of making drawings by the use of deductions from the natural existence of life. Giotto had a style of making paintings which were in line with the happening during his time. He built his creativity on his way of life and therefore came up with paintings which showed the major happenings which sirrounded the society. A good example is the Frescoes he made for the upper church. The artistic commisions of his work here were a represntation of the d
According to sociologists, there are chances for people to become homeless depending upon the circumstances that people live in. Such circumstances could result from factors emanating from the prevailing social structure or due to personal problems. This paper will examine the different causes of homelessness as also its impact on individuals and families. The issue of homelessness has become a matter of growing concern throughout the world. Different factors are responsible for the problem which are deeply ingrained within the structure of society. Homelessness basically implies living without a home, whether it is on the streets or in shelter homes. Individuals, as well as families of any nationality or background, can become homeless and there are two reasons for getting into such conditions. One is the inherent society-based circumstances that prevail for an individual in terms of minimum wages, absence of public and government support, and absence of mental health service. Second is the presence of too many personal problems being faced by the individual by way of lack of willingness to work, habit and involvement in substance abuse, and lack of financial resources. In very simple terms, individuals and families become homeless when they become unable to afford housing and this occurrence happens mostly amongst the poor strata of society in the country. It is for this reason that theorists and economists foresee a direct link between the present pattern of increase in poverty and the increase in the incidence of homelessness. Personal and structural dynamics account for the differences in the prevalence of homelessness between different sections of people that live in poverty. Shortage and high cost of housing and the increasing cost of health care are becoming the main reasons for homelessness amongst people in most parts of the developed world. Several people also become homeless due to natural disasters and unexpected emergencies which make people unable to cope with the sudden occurrence of tragedies. For example, millions of people were displaced and became homeless in 2005 due to Hurricane Katrina. Homelessness has very serious adverse consequences for the child’s education. Homeless children are traumatized because of the stigma attached to their condition and they feel humiliated in accepting the conditions that they live in. Some families that are homeless do not support children in reporting their homeless status to authorities thus depriving them of the educational facility provided by the community. As a consequence, many such children suffer from behavioural problems and lag behind their peers, primarily due to irregular attendance in s
With the rise in globalization rates, the amount of information needed to be processed has increased exponentially. As a result, the concept of Big Data has emerged in the Business context. By definition, Big Data denotes data sets that come in tremendous volumes and reveal essential trends in the target area when analyzed (Mittal et al., 2018). Specifically, information concerning the patterns of behaviors and changes in attitudes is covered by the concept of Big Data, suggesting that the latter provides the Basis for market research. As a rule, Big Data is opposed to the concept of traditional data due to the differences in their structures. While the traditional data is arranged using the centralized principle of information architecture, the Big Data arrangement is based on the notion of distributed architecture. The latter suggests that information flow is managed based on a logical and physical structure that defines the key stages of information processing and its further distribution (Sedkaoui et al., 2021). The specified method allows for managing extraordinarily high data volumes. Implementing Big Data suggests having several advantages readily available. The possibility of managing tremendous amounts of information is the most obvious benefit that the Big Data framework provides. As a result, key trends within the target set are identified with higher precision, which leads to improved and more accurate decision-making. As a result, fewer resources are wasted, which causes the level of expense to drop (Sedkaoui et al., 2021). However, the existing strategies for collecting Big Data may conflict with the concepts of privacy and personal data security (Mittal et al., 2018). Therefore, Big Data must be collected with due caution. Using Big Data requires the presence of a specific cause; otherwise, the resources spent on the process may not return the expected profits. Typically, the adjustment of e-commerce processes, automation of the recruitment process, and enhanced scanning for the threat of insurance fraud are seen as the justifications for applying the Big Data analysis to the corporate context.
Abstract In this research paper, the topic of social isolation as a negative phenomenon was raised. Isolation, which is not equal to hostility, is commonly used by the side that is dissatisfied with communication. Loneliness and social isolation impact behavior and can lead to people acting in ways that aggravate their alienation. It should be noted that social isolation negatively affects the psychological state and physical health, and condition of an individual that lacks communication and activity. Considering the problem of social isolation among students, it is obligatory to emphasize the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic and quarantine on the general lifestyle. In this particular case, social isolation is caused by artificial and mandatory measures on the part of state representatives, who, by taking quarantine measures, isolate students and transfer them to distance learning. Introduction A person throughout his life is subject to the influence of the environment, society, and people around him. In the absence of a sufficient volume of communication, vital activity, physical activity, and social development, an individual has a risk of being in social isolation. People of all ages, including students and the elderly, have a high probability of getting physical and psychological health problems due to being in prolonged social isolation. Social Isolation Social Isolation and Depression As a consequence of the termination or severe reduction of social connections and interactions, a person or social group is rejected by other people or social groupings, resulting in social isolation. Isolation, which is not equal to hostility, is commonly used by the side that is dissatisfied with communication. Any damaging activities, if they occur, are only designed to discontinue interactions and should be stopped quickly. Individual isolation can be from a particular person (pleasant or unpleasant), a certain group of people (important to him), or the community as a whole (or a bigger part), which is the most extreme scenario. Isolation (belonging to one group) of a person from another group may be interpreted as isolating certain social groupings from others. Social isolation is possible to be a cause and a symptom of mental or emotional issues. Periods of solitude can be chronic or episodic as a symptom, depending on any cyclical shifts in behavior, particularly in severe depression. Complete, physical, and formal isolation are three types of social isolation that describe the structure of the process. Complete isolation refers to a condition in which both active and passive modes of communication (cell phone, mail) are fully
The Processes of the Language Acquisition Language acquisition is the process of learning a language (native or foreign). Thus, there are two types of language acquisition that are studied by specialists in different areas (psychology and linguistics). The process of the first language acquisition is considered to be a psycholinguistic process, while the second language acquisition is the area for study for linguists. Though, it is not fully studied how children learn to speak, it is clear that the processes of the first and second language acquisition are different. In the focus of this essay are the issues related to the processes of the language acquisition with children. First of all, it is considered to be that child’s learning of its first language is painless. On the one hand, it is true as the natural ability to imitation and memorizing quickly help children learn to speak very quickly. However, one can meet such problems as over generalizing grammatical rules and face difficulties with pronunciation of certain sounds. Moreover, some children with the bradgenesis or some psychological problems that slows down the language acquisition process. There are considerable differences when learning to communicate in native and second language. These processes are different due to several considerable factors. First of all, the language environment; second, psychological and linguistic processes involved into the process of language learning and time factor (children learn native language since very early age, the learning of the second language is introduced a bit later). The stages of the first and second language learning are almost the same, but the difference is that a child is always surrounded by the native language surrounding, which influence greatly on his memorizing processes. In this light, we can conclude that it is impossible to achieve the same fluently and knowledge in a second language as in the native one. Cross Cultural Communication When learning a foreign language, it is quite possible to learn all rules, many words and learn much information about native speakers and their country. However, there are still barriers that can cause difficulties in cross-cultural communication. Thus, talking to a not a first language-user, there can be some misconceptions related to the different cultural backgrounds, pronunciation, use of words and grammar. First of all, the organ of speech of every person are adjusted to his/her native language and every language has its specific phonetic structure and pronunciation peculiarities. Thus, a person who is not a native speaker can hear no differences between two different words which can cause misunderstanding and confusion. For example, a word “volcano” is pronounced as [vol’keinəu]. The diphthongs [ei] and [əu] may be not perceived by a Spanish speaker for example. Thus, his/her [volkΛno] may be absolutely not understandable for the native speaker. The second reason is the no
Introduction In order to earn economic profit on a sustainable basis the firm must consider the market structure and then choose from the pool of strategies available. The following provides the strategies to be opted by Quasar computers at different stages. Main Body Phase 1: Neutron being a technological innovation enjoys market monopoly. Therefore, the market structure in which Quasar Computers operates is monopolistic in structure. In order to maximize profit in monopolistic market, the economic solution is to equate marginal revenue to marginal cost, which will provide the profit maximizing price and quantity derived from the demand curve. In case of Quasar Computers, for Neutrons, the profit-maximizing price is $2550 and quantity demand at that price is 5 units. Phase 2: The profit-maximizing price is good at a situation where there is effect of advertisements and consumer choice on product buying decision and that are no close substitutes. However, optical computers have close substitutes in traditional microchip based computers. Therefore, for a new product advertising budget and price according to it must be considered. Therefore, we have two aims:  1. advertising budget,  2. pricing strategy to maximize profit. If we keep, last year’s advertising budget i.e. 400, the price of the computer must come down to $ 2350 wherein the company earns a profit maximizing profit of $1.34 billion. Reducing the cost of advertising is not an option as in both the cases as suggested by Jane, we earn either negative profit (in case of advertising cost $100 billion) or lower profit than what we may earn by retaining last year’s advertising cost. Therefore, I decided to take Robert’s suggestion. The reason for this decision is – (a) we have to increase awareness and acceptance of the new technology to increase market, and (b) earn higher profit. I decide to increase the advertising expenditure from $400 billion to $ 600 billion. At $500 billion advertising cost, the company sells the product at a price of $2350 and earns a profit of $1.91 billion. However if the cost of advertising is the price of the product is $2450 and earns profit of $2.74 billion. Moreover we sell maximum number of units at this pricing (i.e. 16.6). Therefore I decide that the advertising cost must be $600 billion and price of the product $2450. Phase 3: In this phase, the target is to streamline manufacturing facilities to minimize costs. Aim is to select best production proposal for Quasar and accordingly set the pricing for Neutron. When we do no change in production process, the price of Neutron is $2300 and 8.8 million units are sold. The profit earned is $0.68 billion. First, we will check the proposal of Dave who suggests upgrading production process. This will lower the average cost and marginal cost of production. Setting the price at profit maximizing level we see that the price of Neutron becomes $2200 and units sold 9.4 million. Th
0-14 Years This group falls under the category of dependants. This category, in biological terms, is growing. Hence, their bodies are experiencing biological changes that are unprecedented. This change in body configuration means that there is a significant chance they might get diseases. This group has a vulnerability to inherit diseases such as HIV/AIDS from parents. Therefore, governments and parents spend a considerable deal of their money to take care of this group. The food that infants eat is not the same as adults’. This requires that parents spend money to cater for their upkeep. Most governments have a responsibility to take care of this group of people. Health expenditure and age are inversely proportional. This means that as kids grow up, their health improves because of the physical activities they engage in at school or at home. This is a global human trend. African countries fall victim to many calamities. This includes improper diet for children. Malnutrition and lack of government care may come together to deny children proper growth. Illiteracy level in Africa is quite high. This means that mothers do not know what is right for their children. Culture and traditions also bog down efforts by the government to provide proper healthcare to this age group. 15-64 Years This group of people constitutes the independent population in demographic terms. It is a working population. Health issues narrow down to a number of factors. Governments spend a fortune in this category to cater for generational growth. This means it is only on maternity and pregnancy care that the government is responsible for this group. However, depending on the lifestyle people lead, there can be more health costs. Lifestyle diseases, such as hypertension, start at this age bracket. It is quite common in people aged between 45 and 70. It is a common trend that most of the health issues that bedevil this age are self implicated. It depends on the lifestyle one leads. Careless living means that governments may spend so much money healing socially related disease. These diseases are as a result of social misdeeds like careless drinking. This is also true for unwarranted sexual behavior that leads to sexually transmitted disease. Government expenditure on this group is not much. However, in a society where the social linen breaks, the government spends quite a fortune on health issues. This is true in South Africa and most A
The Great Gatsby is a classic work of F. Scott Fitzgerald, an American author of short stories and novels. The book was first published in 1925 during a period known as the Jazz Age. The novel was purely creative work of the author. The story was set on North Shore in Long Island in New York City. F. Scott Fitzgerald was one of the greatest writers in America in the 20th century. He wrote the novel during the First World War when American society enjoyed success. The period was known as roaring 1920s when the economy soared. During this period, the manufacturing and sale of alcohol were banned. This prohibition made millionaires become bootleggers. The Great Gatsby is a love story that embraces American ideals of 1920s as viewed through the characters’ actions throughout the novel. The story is about Jay Gatsby, a wealthy man, and his love for Daisy Buchanan. The book addresses the lavish life that most people lived in America during the 20s, a period referred to as roaring 20s. The 1920s of America was a rebellious decade, a period when the younger generation mainly focused on having fun and fritting their time with friends instead of family. During this period, some amendments were made in the American Constitution, which included enforcement of prohibition. Nobody was allowed to produce, sell, or even consume alcohol in America. With the existence of probation law, crime also increased in America. All these characteristics of America during 1920 are evident and inherent in the main character, Jay Gatsby, in the novel The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald portrayed Gatsby as an extravagant young man who loved parting and bootlegging. More about The Great Gatsby Is Nick from The Great Gatsby a Trustworthy Narrator? 5 287 Which excerpt from The Great Gatsby best indicates that Nick is not fully content with his life? 5 572 “Can’t repeat the past? Why, of course, you can!” Explain the Quote 4.3 6962 Who Killed Gatsby and How Did That Happen? 5 1540 What does Old Money vs. New Money mean in the Great Gatsby? 4.5 17782 “They’re a Rotten Crowd” What Does This Quote Mean? 5 7909 This is evident in the book: “Tom accused Gatsby of bootlegging and other illegal activities (Bruccoli 100).” Gatsby discovered that Nick, who is the narrator of the story, is related to Daisy, the woman he fell in love with. The love that Gatsby had for her had been buried, but when he saw Daisy at Nick’s place, that love rose again, which caused mayhem among Tom, Nick, Daisy, and him. The plot of the book presents an intertwined love story, and the characters’ actions bring out the American ideals of the 1920s. Gatsby also presents the economic status of Americans during the 1920s. After the end of World War I, there was financi