ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the contemporary world, human life is taking a different shape that is somewhat difficult to explain. To some extent, people are trying to maintain some solidarity within their communities. The members of a community share common values; they work together to facilitate the development of a community project whenever a need arises. However, from a thorough look at things, people are not as united as they may appear. In essence, people are doing different things to make ends meet. Every individual identifies his strength and specializes in it to make the best out of it. The specialization aspect creates a strong interdependence amongst the individuals of a society. This paper discusses the structural functionalism and social conflict theories to give a detailed explanation of the controversial understandings of human life about the role taken by the environment in creating social cohesion in the final life of an individual. The structural functionalism theory explains that the solidarity spirit amongst individuals works profoundly to maintain stability, cohesion, and survival of social institutions. Social functionalism theory applied in ancient days when people would work together to attain a common goal. In the ancient days, people of a particular society lived within the same social class to attain the equilibrium aspect (Dillon, 2010). Higher educational centers, for example, were meant for religious and political studies. However, over time, the same higher education centers transformed into institutions to study science and general knowledge. Structural functionalism became outdated with time as the society embraced change (Babbie, 2003). The coming of the industrial revolution in the 19th century opened people’s minds, and society embraced the economical aspect of thinking. The primitive societies slowly became extinct as the conflict theory of competition amongst human beings stated taking effect. Conflict theory embraces the economists’ thinking perspective, where, the theory states that people in society compete for limited resources (Ritzer & Goodman, 2003). According to the conflict theory, people who have managed to secure many resources are powerful and influential, and thus, they can maintain the leadership positions in society. Conflict theory explains the contemporary world, where, people have embraced social change, and they regard their personal needs as more important than societal needs (Ashley & Orenstein, 2005). Conflict theory is associated with the development of the modern world. In the struggle to gather scarce resources, people end up saving and investing for developmental purposes. In society, there are those individuals who will manage to gather more resources than others do, and that is what forms the different social classes. In the contemporary world, change is inevitable, as there are conflicting interests between people in society. From the discussions, it is evident that structural functionalism and social conflict theor
Thesis The Olympic events existing since the 18th century have been of great importance to the hosting countries. The social and economic importance brought about by the multi-sporting event remains enormous (Payne 23). Over the years since the first modern-era Olympics were held up in Athens Greece, various countries have benefited from hosting this world-renowned event. This discussion aims to look at the cultural and economic importance brought about by the event in the Chinese Olympics held in Beijing in august 2008. In addition, it serves to highlight the benefits the England private and public sectors get from hosting the event in 2012. The study also serves to look at the expectations of the London 2012 Olympics as well as discuss the possible disadvantages of hosting this event. In this respect, the study focuses on the general change that has or is expected to occur due to the Olympics concerning china and the UK. Therefore, the study looks at the impacts of the Olympics on both China and the UK. In addition, it serves to explore the motive of hosting the Olympics in both countries and whether the original purposes were or are close to being met. The development motives serve to conclude the study. Introduction The year 2001 happened to be a potentially good and bad year for China. This country’s bid to host the 2008 Olympics was voted for and approved. The possible economic importance of this event was enormous. However, there were also to be some disadvantages arising from it. The UK was formally allowed to host the 2012 Olympics in the year 2005. The impact of this event on east London, a previously underdeveloped part of the town is already b
The shallowness, the injustice, the strive for wealth and power, brutality, and greed are the common themes, developed and explored in the books by Julia Alvarez “In the Time of The Butterflies” and by F. Scott Fitzgerald “The Great Gatsby”. Within both books, the authors give an insight into the same time period concerning the Dominican Republic, the ruler of which brought hardship and a great resistance throughout the country, about the life in America in the early 1920s. The period of time, depicted in the books is marked by great changes in the society (the after-war period with the economics soaring in America and the new ruler who comes to rules the Dominican Republic, women getting their right to vote). Both authors are using a similar text structure and organization, so that the development of characters may be achieved only with the help of going through the turns and twists of life. The text organization is very important for both works as it is the device both authors use to make the reader comprehend what is meant in the books. Thus, the characters of both books, first seeing everything through the rose-colored glasses, finally have to take them off to see their own development and the development of the surrounding society with the help of specific means that authors of the books use. The text organization in the books is very essential as it gives the readers an idea of the development of the characters. The closure, which can be found within both books underlines and emphasizes the essence of the past for the ability to understand the present. The broken composition, used by the authors, does nothing but underlines how important the events are. Thus, in the “In the Time of The Butterflies”, the only sister of four, who managed to survive narrates her recollections on the lives of her sisters from the present and reverts the reader to the past events, which has happened to Minerva, Patria and Maria Teresa while in the book “The Great Gatsby” Nick reveals both his and Gatsby’s past in a manner, which interrupts the present narration and consequently, breaks the narration chain. Through these means, both authors show that it is easier for the readers to grasp the experience gained by the characters of the books. The flashbacks, to which both narrators appeal to are placed in both texts to provide the reader with the necessary background information about the characters and events, they are involved. In both books, the characters are applying this device to fill in the information, which is important to the reader. A good example of the device in the book of Julia Alvarez is the reflection of Dede at the end of the book, while she is trying to understand her own development, as well as in the book “The Great Gatsby”, where, in the last ninth chapter, Nick is reflecting. This is a common feature for both books. Through the story narration, the development of its characters is easily seen. From the beginning of each book, one can find both, characters that develop within the narration and do not. So that, the reader would be able to see characters and to compare them. There is no doubt that Minerva and Nick are the characters,
The importance of using the survey questions Getting the feedback from customers is an important thing that managers should endeavor to do. This can be achieved by developing questionnaires to capture the particular aspects that affect customers. The use of questions is applied because it is not possible to capture the feedback from all customers. The questionnaires help capture the ideas in a summary format. It also reduces the time that may be used to capture the ideas of each customer. The use of questionnaires is convenient because customers can answer the questionnaires at their own time. Confidentiality is maintained when questionnaires are applied to collect data from customers because the responses are not done to a particular person (Vaus, 2002). Information to be obtained from customers The questions are used to get the overall satisfaction of the customers and the areas of improvement that the management should check. Customers provide information about the level of satisfaction they get from the restaurant. The questions will help identify the areas of weakness that the organization has as the areas where the organization is performing well (Hayes, 1998). The survey questions obtained from the customers can be used by the management to identify the image of the company from the external environment. The general perception of the people outside the organization can be identified by interacting with customers because they are in touch with other external people (Grigoroudis & Siskos, 2009). Information about appropriate changes that can be implemented in the organization can be obtained by asking questions to the customers. Customers can provide ideas which can be included in the decision making process. Such ideas are very important when the restaurant will be developing products which match the specific needs of the customers. As such, the company will be able to identify the appropriate customers to target and the plans to satisfy the needs of customers (Grigoroudis & Siskos, 2009). How the information gained can help improve the business The information obtained from the customers help improve the relationship between employees and the customers. When employees are dissatisfied they tend to dissatisfy the customers. The questions will help identify the best motivational incentives to give to employees so that they can improve their interaction with customers. The information obtained from the customer survey will help prepare the budget for the restaurant in the subsequent financial years. The management should allocate more financial resources to the departments which have been identified by the customers to be performing poorly (Knapp, 2009). Areas of weaknesses identified by the customer can be focused on by the management to improve the performance. The interaction between the management and employees is improved because the management is able to acquire better ideas of handling their workers. Employee satisfaction is improved because employees work bett
A scientific paradigm comprises of a framework that covers all commonly accepted views about a subject. It also details the structure of the direction that a research should take and the ways in which research can be performed. According to Kuhn, a paradigm defines “the practices that define a scientific discipline at certain point in time” (Kuhn, 1962). Kuhn also postulated that the paradigms in general are discrete in nature and are culturally biased. For instance, a Chinese researcher in medicine would acquire a profound knowledge in eastern medicine and therefore would inhabit a paradigm that is different from that of a western researcher (Experiment Resources, 2008). Western scientific paradigm encompasses the forming of hypotheses, testing such hypotheses under controlled circumstances and conducting an analysis and interpretation of the results obtained from the testing. In the context of healthcare, the treatments for various ailments developed over the period are those, which have been developed out of continuous scientific research and are tested under controlled circumstances for their efficacy. The practices have been put to use after they have been found to be statistically significantly different from control or placebo treatments. In the process if some of the treatments have been found to be beneficial to particular patients, if they do not satisfy the statistical significant tests, then such treatments would be deemed not acceptable by the practitioners. There will be no reimbursement of expenses incurred on such treatments by the health insurance companies. Acupuncture is one such treatment where there was no recognition by the practitioners. However, according to recent research, this treatment has been found to be better than placebo without any accompanying side effects, as compared to other medicines used to treat chronic ailments. Still, acupuncture is a major component of traditional Chinese medical practice. There are other similar natural remedies, which are based on herbs or plants found to be useful in treating many ailments. Applying Western scientific paradigm, to a culturally diverse population like in the United States, would result in cultural clashes. It may also lead to overmedication of the patients. The western scientific paradigm poses a challenge to the researchers to work on discovering newer ways of evaluating healing modalities. The alternatives for the paradigms are considered as a healthy challenge to the values, assumptions, priorities and direction of the traditional medical sciences. One of the effective alternatives is the “integrative medicine” which involves just the addition of alternative techniques and therapies to conventional medical practices without a total shift to a holistic conceptual paradigm. There is also the use of
Introduction: Catnap Pet Products and Its Policy Changing the existing company policies in logistics is not an easy task. Presupposing that a number of processes and strategies are to me shaped and tailored to the new approach, the alterations in logistics must be the hardest to get used to. However, for many companies, these changes are a minor ditch in the altogether improved relationships with the suppliers, customers and/or partners, as well as in the emerging opportunities or further expansion into the world market, which the Catnap Pet Products case is a striking example of. The Strengths of the Chosen Method: Expanding Business The basic strength of the chosen logistical approach for the CPP is in retaining the old logistics strategy, i.e., “Nampa (Idaho) – Calgary (Alberta) – Tuijuana (Mexico) – Regina (Saskatchewan)” (Langley, Gibson, Novack, & Bardi, 2008, 221), when it comes to shipping the products to its current customers. Indeed, it would have been irrational to consider a complete change of the shipping procedures for the current clientele, since, due to the inevitable changes, the process of delivery would take too much time. It is also very impressive that the chosen method allows for not only using both strategies simultaneously, but also for expanding the company further into the world market. Despite the fact that the company has been doing rather well in Canada, mostly due to the lack of competition, it goes without saying that CPP had grown large enough by that time to try the perquisites of international partnership. Therefore, the choice of PETCO and Target as the company’s partners in international trade is very reasonable, seeing how CPP needs integration into the U.S. market. In that sense, working with PETCO is bound to be a great experience (O’Reilly, 2011, March). Concerning the Weaknesses: Transportation Costs and the Related Issues The weaknesses, however, are also quite tangible and, which is even more disheartening, much more numerous than the positive aspects. To start with, the company will have to reconsider its logistics and, therefore, the costs for shipping, as well as the costs for the transportation of the raw materials, details, etc. is going to peak – not to mention the fact that the additional payment for the services provided by PETCO and Target must be taken into consideration. Another crucial issue concerns the deadlines. While previously, CPP could be relatively certain of the deadlines, with all the production processes being under the company’s supervision, with the introduction of new partners, the CPP Company is going to be highly dependable on the latter. As a result, such logistics issue as the time for transportation is going to become a major concern. As soon as PETCO and Target fail at delivering the supplies at the right time, CPP will suffer considerable losses. What Can Be Improved: Concerning the Possible Avenues The Catnap Pet Products has made a very wise decision when changing its logisti
Background Groups are a perfect choice for people who have personal and interpersonal issues that should be solved. People involved in their activity acquire the chance to get the information needed to succeed and improve functioning in one of the problematic areas. For this reason, it is recommended for individuals with different challenging issues and an inability to cooperate with each other. Parents with teens often face multiple issues in communicating with them, educating, and providing the required care. In the majority of cases, such conflicts emerge because of the information deficit and the lack of experience that is needed to consider all unique peculiarities of teens and work them effectively. For this reason, group work can be a perfect choice to share knowledge, get new skills, and fill in the gaps related to living and looking for children in the period of change in their behavioral patterns. Type of the group The formed grouped can be described as a psychoeducational one. It means that all its members are well-functioning individuals who might experience a deficit in knowledge in a certain area (Corey et al., 2018). Concerning the case, a group for parents who have difficulties communicating with their teenage children will be formed. By assisting parents in generating new knowledge, we expect to contribute to the overall improvement of the climate in their families and achieve success in eliminating the deficit in the information they have at the moment. The given type of a group seems the most suitable one as it presupposes sharing data, skills, and experiences with parents and providing support in cases when they have no vision of how to act or behave to align successful cooperation with their children (Jacobs et al., 2015). Objectives The major goal of the proposed group is to foster the cooperation between parents who are in similar situations and educate them enough to be able to face all challenges that emerge when living with a teenage child with different behavioral problems. The group is created to establish a comfortable, safe, and secure environment that will help parents to relax, avoid unnecessary tension and be ready to engage in activities needed for them to succeed (Corey et al., 2018). The group is also organized to guarantee the most effective provision of data to parents regarding the unique aspects of the teen psyche, their socialization patterns, need for independence, and peculiarities of anatomical evolution that should be taken into account to ensure their appropriate development. By the end of the group, all parents are expected to eliminate gaps in knowledge related to parenting and improve their relations with their children. Rationale Statistics show that problems in adolescence and the lack of understanding with parents are the major reasons for the development of undesired behavioral patterns in children, the appearance of violent behaviors (Shulman, 2015
Introduction Illegal immigration into the U.S. has been on the rise in the last few years and this has sparked debate in the Congress and prompted many immigrant supporters to hold peaceful demonstrations in the streets. This debate has led to many controversies which heated up when the former president of the United States (President Bush) addressed the nation through the television requesting for a wide-ranging approach to the immigration debate. According to his statement, he was going to send about six thousand National Guard troops to the Border States. These troops were going to provide intelligence and logistic support to the border patrol agents but were not to enforce law. Apart from protecting the border, Bush noted that the House should pass legislation that allows all illegal immigrants who have lived and worked in the U.S. for a considerable period of time to be able to become citizens. The nature, scope, and effects of immigrants are addressed in this paper. It also proposes some policies to be implemented by the government in a bid to curtail the demerits of illegal immigrants Citizenship to Illegal Immigrants When the house is granting citizenship to illegal immigrant, it should take note of the difference between an illegal immigrants who have moved into the U.S. in the recent past and an immigrant who has lived and worked for a long period of time, and has established himself, for instance, has a home, a family and a clean record. The immigration debate puts at stake the lives of more than 12 million illegal immigrants who are working in the U.S., the companies where they are employed, rule of law, and job openings for low-skilled Americans citizens (Smith and Edmonston 66). Questions raised in the debate include; do the illegal immigrants take away job openings from the Americans? Do they depress the wages paid to the American? Should the law compel illegal immigrants to go back to their country of origin? or should a legislation be passed that would allow illegal immigrants to continue working in the U.S. but pay some penalty? Some of these questions have been addressed and others remain unsolved. If illegal immigrants are deported fro