ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The global IT industry continues to show growth year after year, with the software market expanding at a whopping 8% per annum. The convergence of hardware, software and services is creating new markets, and we are witnessing a global paradigm shift from hardware to software. It is anticipated that the IT services industry will expand along with the IT industry. In 2012, the IT services market will likely see a slowdown in demand from traditional IT services such as consulting and system integration, while cloud computing and convergence services should create new demand. Meanwhile, in the outsourcing market, cost reduction and operating efficiency are likely to be emphasized, while demand for business process and application outsourcing should increase (Roy 3). Introduction IT services companies are faced with global economic challenges with growth projections tempered by reticent stances in large developed markets such as North America and Western Europe, while focusing on fast growing economies such as China, India and Latin America. Gartner forecasted a 7.4% growth in overall IT Services spending from $793 million in 2010 to $851.6 billion in 2011. It also predicted increased software support over a multi-year period, between 2010 and 2015, with a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2%, followed by consulting at 5.8%, process management at 5.1%, development and integration at 4.9% and IT management at 4.8%. Over this same timeframe, hardware maintenance and support is expected to grow the slowest with a forecasted CAGR of 3.3% (KPMG, Quarterly Update for the IT Services Industry 1). IT Services Industry Trends Gartner indicated that there is increasing usage of specialized cloud based services, provided by a variety of cloud providers, which will increase the ability to aggregate, integrate, govern and customize disparate cloud offerings based on the needs and preferences of their customers. In addition to this, Gartner indicated that the need for governments in developed countries to achieve cost savings owing to budgetary constraints increase has resulted in pushing IT service providers to offshore low cost locations. The quarterly TPI Index displays trends on BPO and IT outsourcing and contract spending by regions and industries. The IT Outsourcing Total Contracting Value (TCV) for the third quarter of 2011 was estimated at $11.3 billion, representing quarter-over-quarter and year-over-year declines of 8.0% each (KPMG, Quarterly Update for the IT Services Industry 2). Pressure in outsourcing Strong pricing pressure is being exerted by buyers on outsourcing and other third-party service providers, though leading providers are typically able to hold their own and avoid unprofitable deals. Some of the leading global business and IT service providers include: Accenture, Capgemini, Cognizant, CSC and Infosys (KPMG, KPMG Sourcing Adviso
The African-American Civil Rights Movement refers to a group of activists in the United States targeted at banishing the racial discrimination against Black-Americans and reinstating voting rights mainly in Southern states. It covers the duration of the movement in the early 60s especially in S. America. By the year 1966, the rise of the Black Power Movement, which took place between1966 and1975, widened the aims of the Civil Rights Movement into racial honor, economic and political satisfaction, and freedom from the hardships by white Americans (Purdan, 2001). This particular has heavily influenced my personal life, career choice, and the global community, especially the African American community in the United States and other non-African nations Discussion During theCivil Rights Movement, there were numerous instances of civil unrest. During this season, acts of peaceful protests and civil disobedience generated crises between activists and government power. The federal government, state, the congress, local traders, and communities had to react fast to bring the situation under control. This event laid bare the discriminations faced by blacks in the United States. There was a remarkable legislative achievement during this period of the Civil Rights Movement, including the passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964 which had a huge impact on black rights in the US. Both racial and religion stigma were the major resultant factors of this party when it came to public employment exercises and acquiring accommodation facilities. The second significant outcome of this movement was the enactment of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which restored and protected voting rights. The third result was the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, which instantly allowed entry to the United States for immigrants. The fourth act was the Fair Housing Act of 1968, which banned discriminations in the right to sale or rent a house. African- Americans resumed politics in South America, and later, this political culture inspired the younger generation across the states (Beito & Beito, 2009). This Civil Right Movement deprived the Southern Americans of their legal rights to vote, a situation that persisted until a national civil rights legislation was enacted in mid-1960s. When the Democrats took over, they enacted legislation that controlled the voter registration process and this limited the number of African American voters in the polls. Black voters had no option than be left out of participating in the voting rolls. The number of African American voters reduced drastically making them unable to elect representatives of present our needs in the national meetings and local governments. The Republican Party, which had all along represented African American interests, reduced in power as voter registration among African Americans was stifled. During this same p
Introduction A gesture can be said to be a movement of the body or part of it and especially the limbs to express ones thought or put emphasis. A gesture may also not necessarily involve movement of the body or part of it but an action altogether, (for example: he sent her flowers as a gesture of intimacy). On the other hand, a facial expression involves change of position or motion of one or more muscles of the face as a primary means of conveying information. It is also common in other mammals. It therefore agreeable that gestures and facials expressions communicate what the words cannot communicate or/and at times where one does not want to communicate verbally. Communication through Gestures and Facial Expressions One of the main gestures is the nodding of the head. This can mean different things depending on the context and prevailing circumstances. Again it varies from one sex to the other. It is a very ancient way of communicating which shows approval or confirms something in question. However a person seen nodding slowly conveys a message that he is thinking hard or seriously about something in question like where one is given different options involving a certain issue and is required to make a choice. We can therefore see that the nodding of the head slowly does not bring an end to the issue of making a choice thus as such; the gesture is not an end in itself as the involved person is yet to give a comprehensive answer. A look at how women communicate by nodding their heads have continued to generate a lot of debate as some people tend to interpret it differently. The famous stand up comedian Cris Rock has often in his shows, made us to be very aware of women doing their head toss; a woman will throw her head up and to the side so that her hair flies out of her face. To men, that means that the lady is definitely interested in him and hence has to make a move on her. The same gesture by a man would send a message that is totally different. For a man it would only seem that he is just being boastful. Winking is another form of facial expression that is very common. It is achieved by intentionally closing one or both eyes. The meaning of a wink can easily be misinterpreted as its meaning varies a lot from a simple hello to a romantic or sexual invitation. To fully understand its meaning, we must evaluate the context and circumstances before jumping into conclusions otherwise, there may arise misunderstandings or confrontations. Facial expressions however are usually used to give express emotions such as anger, happiness, confusion, surprise, sadness, excitement, fear etc. Many facial expressions are universal thoug
The UN Definition of Transnational Organised Crime The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime (UNTOC) is an international convention that deals with organised crime. In this section, it is crucial to note that the convention does not provide a precise definition of transnational crimes. According to Sergi (2014), this omission was done deliberately to acknowledge the evolving nature of crimes that constantly emerge over time due to changes in local, national, regional, and global conditions. While a transnational crime implies illegal actions and the breaking of law across borders or between two or more countries, the UN Convention has not made an effort of listing the type of crimes for the same reasons of the diverse and ever-changing nature of crimes. However, the convention has defined the nature of any organised criminal group in Article 2(a). In the definition, an organised criminal group must meet four important characteristics. Firstly, it must be made up of three or more people who did not come together randomly. Secondly, the group must have been in existence for a substantial period (Wright 2013). Additionally, the group must be acting together to commit at least one crime that is punishable by not less than four years of imprisonment. Its aim is to obtain, directly and indirectly, financial or other material benefits. From the above traits, the reader may categorically regard transnational organised crime as a threat to the peace and stability of nations. In fact, such crime undermines social, cultural, political, and economic development of societies in the world. As Clinard, Quinney, and Wildeman (2014) reveal, crimes in this category manifest themselves in many ways such as the trafficking of firearms, drugs, and individuals. Additionally, other organised crimes include money laundering and the smuggling of immigrants. As a result, the fight against transnational organised crimes requires the corporation of law enforcement agencies across borders to pursue, apprehend, and lock down criminals. In the fight against transnational crime, it is important for law enforcement agencies to understand the type of networks that the criminal groups establish. For instance, such arrangements may be categorised into standard hierarchy or loose criminal networks. One may wonder why understanding the type of organised criminal groups’ network is critical from a law enforcement perspective. In simple terms as Le (20
Alejo Carpentier (1904-1980) was a leading American literary figure and considered one of the 20th century’s best novelists. He was also a musicologist, an essayist, and a playwright who influenced Latin American literature during the famous boom period (Carpentier& de Onís, 1949). His literature commitment also exerted a decisive influence on other young American writers such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Although born of a Russian mother and French father, Carpentier claimed that he was a Cuban-born. Richard J. Walter is a history professor at Washington University. For more than forty years, he taught Latin American History and published many books and articles (Walter & Walter, 1987). Much of his work focused on the history of Argentina and Chile as well as the diplomatic relationships between Peru and the United States. The Kingdom of this World by Alejo Carpentier was initially published in 1949 and translated soon after being issued. The book captures events that took place before, during, and after the revolution in Haiti in 1791, which led to Haiti’s declaration of independence in 1804. It also offers new insights into the slave revolts in the late 1700s and 1800s. It mainly unfolds from the point of view of the plantation slave when he and his master bought a horse for stud. The slave was swept by thoughts of what might happen soon. He saw how a revolution marred by looting, slaughter, and installing a new ruler would occur (Carpentier& de Onís, 1949). These are imagined events blended with the reality that serves as a turning point in global history. Throughout the book, Carpentier explores different perceptions of nature, ethnicity, confusion, history, and destiny with a style that blends history with fiction. The use of repetition and the cyclical nature of events in the book serves an essential role in developing the Caribbean genre and Latin American Literature. In Literature and History in Contemporary Latin America, Walter connects various historical events in Latin America in the 19thcentury, which are critical in determining the future of the world. The article explains how the movement’s leading figures influenced the political and social achievements in Latin America (Walter & Walter, 1987). The article also draws ideas from other scholars by critically analyzing their novels and contributing to Latin America’s revolution. These scholarly works include The Death of Artemio Cruz by Carlos Fuentes, One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and The War of the End of the World by Mario Vargas Llosa. The information presented in both the Carpentier book and Walter’s article is essential in advancing relevant knowledge about varying perceptions of reality that led to the revolution of Latin America. These works may also be considered important in the development of Late American literature. The setting of both the book and the article is characterized by a revolution which,
Ecology is the multidisciplinary analytical study regarding the inter-relations between living things and their surroundings. It goes further to explain the interlinked relations among living things within the different levels of organization that exist in the environment. Ecology covers the areas of adaptation; energy and resource exchange in the environment; biodiversity abundance and allocation of living things within the eco-system. (Ayres 15) Energy flow is the exchange of energy in terms of the varied constituent genus’ eating relations in a food sequence. This food sequence constitutes primary producers like plants which are converted into the required form of energy through digestion and respiration. At a higher level within the food sequence, primary consumers are consumed by secondary ones and the energy they contain is converted for absorption into the systems of the secondary organisms through the processes of digestion and respiration. Further on higher levels, the secondary organisms are consumed by the tertiary ones, therefore, passing down the energy associated with the processes involved at the higher levels. The final level of the food sequence is carried out by organisms that help in the decomposition of the primary; secondary; and tertiary organisms back to the food flow by acting as nutrients and manure to the soil. The organisms that help in decomposition include fungi and bacteria that are vital to the carbon and nitrogen cycles for this role. However, within the energy cycles, some amounts of energy are lost in the form of heat and egesta that leaves the members at the top of the food sequence receiving the least quantity of energy. However, the energy input-output ratio for beef production being 7:1 proves that a vegetarian diet is the only solution to the ecological wear-out taking place. (Ayres 15) Sustainability is the capability of remaining varied and creative, of the different biological genus within a given environment. Among humans, it is the capability to use the natural capital and the natural world responsibly as a way to maintain possible long-term wellbeing. Sustainability is a concept that can be evidenced in long-existing wetlands and forests that have existed over the years through the chemical redistribution of water and gases like nitrogen and oxygen through the living and nonliving agents. However with the swelling world populations naturally sustainable eco-systems have reduced, resulting in a harmful effect on mankind as well as other living systems. In this case due to the high un-sustainability levels of beef and animal food production; the production of vegetarian food products provides the only solution for ecological sustainability and rejuvenation. (Reisner 29-35) Biogeochemical cycling is the mode of transfer of a chemical element through the non-biotic and biotic sections of the earth thus undergoing recycling. An example of this is the water cycle that takes place through different processes like evaporations and condensation. In the case of beef production, the resources are not capable of reuse due to the high energy losses associated
Key Points Figure 1: Compensation strategy map for cp, a five-star resort (south asia region). The compensation strategy in the selected organization is highly hierarchical and aimed at rewarding individual performance rather than collective achievements. The total size of monthly wage per professional role is slightly above the average in the region. Work-life balance, as well as the number of other tangible and intangible benefits including free meals, are also standard. However, the salaries are not aligned internally as expats usually earn twice and trice as much as the local employees performing the same duties at the low and medium organizational levels. Expats and locals also receive different benefits. While the later are provided with insurance, days off during national holidays, one free meal a day, etc., the former − with free accommodation, three meals per day, etc. Due to unequal pay structure, the compensation model lacks transparency as it may negatively affect employee attitudes and relationships. Key Differences and Similarities Compared to Microsoft and SAS Microsoft’s strategy is characterized by the clear prominence of objectives compared to SAS and CP. Like Microsoft, the compensation in the selected company is hierarchical. As for competitiveness, CP’s position regarding benefit-per-total pay ratio is between Microsoft (low) and SAS (high). Like Microsoft, the compensation strategy in the selected company is individual-oriented, which drastically contrasts the situation at SAS. Lastl
Why do differences exist between the players and owners’ positions regarding the reported earnings of the Zephyrs? It is clear that agency conflicts exist between the owners and players of Kansas City Zephyrs Baseball Club, Inc. The main reason for the contentious issues is the profitability disbursement to between the club operations and players. The owners want to maximize their interest through reduction of taxes yet the players want to get the most of their salaries and benefits. As such, an extensive reference to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and International Accounting Standards are significant to understand the contentious profitability issues of the major league baseball teams. There are only a few areas we dispute, but these areas can have a significant impact on the overall profitability of the team. The owners have used three techniques to “hide” profits: (1) roster depreciation, (2) overstated player salary expense, and (3) related-party transactions. We feel it gives numbers that are not meaningful. The players’ version of the financial statements showed profits before tax of $24.5 million for 2009 and $23.6 million for 2010 as compared to the losses of $ 4.0 million end $7.4 million on the Owners’ statements. The accrual basis of accounting and the cash basis accounting have presented the major issues in paying for expenses as well as the type of expenses. Again, the period of bonuses payment has raised concern
Surgical conscience is a distinct notion that is fundamental to perioperative surgical professional practice. It is a nebulous phenomenon that explains a surgeon’s moral commitment to protect surgical asepsis and patient safety. The phenomenon remains poorly understood and documented despite its profound roots in perioperative history. Thus, it is difficult to discuss the importance of the principle without dissecting different elements of the surgical conscience itself. Regardless of their spiritual views, nearly everyone would agree that all people have a conscience as human beings. It is that “small voice” within each and every person that helps them discern between good and wrong. The concept of human conscience has been extended in recent years to the operating theatre, where surgical conscience has become a rallying cry for many healthcare professionals and patient safety advocates. The word relates to the idea of human conscience as it applies to all actions in the operating room. This impacts the rules, regulations, and best practices guidelines that govern correct procedures for every activity, from cleaning methods to patient posture, aseptic techniques, and various infection control techniques. Today, surgical conscience is a guiding principle in perioperative care, and most nurses apply it on a regular basis. Surgical conscience is instilled in surgical technologists at most hospitals and throughout nursing school, and they use it on a regular basis. As a medical professional and surgical technologist, I take pleasure in my job and strive to provide the greatest outcomes for patients. They must have a firm surgical conscience as patient advocates to guarantee that the patient has a safe perioperative experience. Often it takes one irresponsible error to drastically alter a patient’s life thus, we must all practice with the patient’s safety in mind (Mayes 460). Surgery may already be risky for most patients; surgical technicians should not add to that vulnerability by acting ignorantly. For surgical technologists specifically, the conscience available to them significantly relies on the specific procedures performed as well as the actions of other professionals. An example of surgical conscience would be requesting a break within an isolated sterilized location of a procedure, even if it involves dismantling and reassembling a case. Assume the sterile field on a complex case becomes slightly contaminated. Medical experts may be hesitant to demolish the sterile field in order to avoid wasting money or causing delays. Even if they only suspect sterile contamination, they should cease all movement and get the problem resolved. Even when it’s uncomfortable, speaking up is a consistent strategy under