ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The issue of race, class and gender plays a very important role in Los Angeles because particular race, class and gender are structured by particular economic power. Such role has been seen in Los Angeles like the time the upper middle class declined to support such public needs like schools, parks and even libraries among others (Smith). Particular race plays an important role in determining ones state in the society and how it is used in determining public policies (Sanchez, 240). For instance, some form of classification according to race was necessary to meet the terms of the record keeping requirement in the federal government as well as facilitating different programs. Thus the category of the race continues to shape the society in present. A person’s race in Los Angeles would determine what privilege a person has. For instance whites were privileged in different aspects such as special provisions, gaining of visas as well as service in private and public places. This made the city of Los Angeles to be known as the city of the white (McIntosh, 14). The issue of social class has also played an important role in Los Angeles. The people of the high class or the rich who were mainly white determined the economic structure and process of Los Angeles (Zweig, 12). The racial dynamics are the main determinants of the relationship according to class thus bringing about class identities. Different people of different race saw themselves more superior than others, like the blacks were seen mostly as the low class or poor race, and they were unable to have any impact on the economic structure and process of Los Angeles. Thus class played an important role in economic determination as well as historical change in Los Angeles. The issue of gender has also shaped Los Angeles. Gender differences have had an impact both in the political and economic spheres. Gender has been seen as the main business of politics. Men were favored more than women in political issues and views. Thus the political organization determined much on the social organization meaning that the ways women are viewed in the political way determine the way they are treated socially. In Los Angeles in the 20 th century, women had no voice in whatever matter that was concerned with economy, social welfare and even political ideology, thus men were the most dominate persons in different aspects of the city (Scott, 105). Conclusion The social class of an individual also has an impact on what he or she does or says. Those of the high class or so called the rich determined the way the economical process will be. They were more privileged in different aspects of the economic growth from policy determination to implementation of these policies that affects the economy. Those in the lower class or the poor had no voice. The political ideology was also determined mainly by the race, class and gender. Those who were in particular race like the white, class like the rich and gender like the men determined the impact on political issues which furthermore had impact on the economic welfare of Los Angeles. Work Cited McIn
Introduction Intercultural communication is essential in modern society. With global businesses requiring people from different cultures to meet and make deals, the knowledge of cultural differences is needed for successful negotiations. In private life, ignorance of foreign cultures could lead to offence and dysfunctional relationships. This paper will cover how the culture of France differs from the culture of China and Brazil. Differences Between Cultures When comparing France to China, it is important to note the following two concepts. China is a collectivist country with a cyclical perception of time. This concept means that on average, a Chinese person would prefer to contribute to the larger cultural value over self-interest. The cyclical perception of time means that they see time as a cycle where the past is the main influencing force. The Guanxi is another important part of Chinese culture. This concept implies that relationships among people obligate all parties to continually exchange favours with each other. In contrast, the French culture is individualistic and has a polychromic perception of time. This can create a barrier due to the different value system between the cultures, as well as less obvious issues arising from different perceptions of time. French people’s idea of time allows for simultaneous actions toward different things (Parrenin, Rau, & Zhong, 2015). Another aspect of communication that might be hard to consider is the differences in non-verbal communication. The traditional hand signs are different between the two countries. France utilizes the traditional western signs that are distinct from those used in China. Even the hand motions for numbers are different. However, both countries value their heritage, see art as an important part of their culture, and have a very distinct culinary tradition (Moran, Abramson, Moran, & Harris, 2014). Brazilian culture is no less unique than Chinese. There is a stronger emphasis on emotion and closeness in Brazilian communication. When talking to each other, Brazilian people are likely to stand very close to each other, which can be seen as an invasion of personal space by a French person. Touching is also a common practice in a conversation between Brazilian people. In Brazilian culture, it is uncommon to suppress emotion. The mood of the person is easy to tell, and in the case of anger or discomfort, the outbursts could be surprising to a French person. Public displays of affection are also common. This would not be a barrier for the French people due to acceptance of passion in the French culture (Kelm, & Victor, 2016). One interesting difference in non-verbal communication is the use of the American OK sign. While relatively common in the French culture, the hand sign for OK is very similar to an offensive Brazilian hand gesture. This difference has already caused some issues when international companies and visitors have used the sign without prio
Introduction The literary analysis of the short story “Two Kinds” written by Amy Tan makes it possible to immerse oneself in the atmosphere of a family with an oriental cultural background that is gradually adapting to the American way of life. The techniques used by the author allow understanding the feelings of the main character and her perception of the family as a complex system where requirements and responsibilities are clearly distributed. Despite a rather simple and habitual language, Tan raises a rather topical issue of parent-child relationships and resorts to various literary devices, in particular, metaphors and connotations, in order to convey a deeper meaning through certain phrases and situations. In “Two Kinds,” Amy Tan reflects on the generation gap and emphasizes the importance of taking into account the opinions of all family members to achieve harmony and mutual understanding. Using Connotations and Metaphors Based on the story described by Tan, the main character has ambiguous relationships with her mother who, in turn, resorts to the classical methods of upbringing maintained in Chinese culture. References to oriental aphorisms and sayings are evidence of this approach. One of them is that there are two types of daughters – “those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind” (Tan 228). The main character recalls this proverb more than once and seeks to destroy such a stereotype. Mother’s mentioning two kinds of daughters is the connotation that conveys a deeper meaning. Her desire to raise a child who can manifest herself in public and prove to be a genius is her goal, and obedience is one of the mechanisms of a general, broader plan for education. As a result, disagreements with her daughter lead to family conflicts and misunderstandings. The story presented by Tan is metaphorical in general and carries not only a direct literary message but also a context. According to Fickle, such a technique is common in Asian-American works where a specific meaning is hidden behind complex images and characters (72). The
Executive Summary STAR insole is a special type of insole with an intrinsic temperature regulation system that allows it to warm the feet based on the outdoor and body temperature. The insole purges the need to buy many different insoles to use under different weather conditions. What’s more, the insole enhances the comfort, and reduces foot arch, which contributes to body fatigue. With a starting capital of £35,000, the anticipated business can run efficiently and start earning profits in its second fiscal year. Introduction In the past, people could purchase shoes with their insoles and never thought of buying another insole once the first one got torn. However, this habit has changed over the time, and now people purchase insoles for different purposes. Many companies have invested in insoles that serve different groups (Burns 2010). For instance, Adidas Company has invested heavily on insoles for athletes and particularly splinters (Burns 2010). Other firms have spent on Orthotic insoles, which are tailored made to meet different medical needs and environmental conditions. As the demand for customised insoles continues rising, most of the insoles available meet the general needs of the consumers. Therefore, the market segment, which requires customised insoles is yet to be fully satisfied (Waddington & Adams 2003). That is why we propose the development of Insoles (STAR), which warm the feet based on the outdoor and one’s body temperature. Majority of the customised insoles require one to regulate their temperature remotely. However, STAR insoles are developed in a way that they warm the feet automatically depending on changes in body temperature. Besides, the insoles control foot odour and realign the foot for enhanced posture. Benefits of business opportunity The shoe industry continues expanding, creating an enormous
Introduction The intention of the United States is to get a blueprint for promoting the civilian authority of America to enhance the national interests. This country has been at war for many years with a global network of violence and hatred forcing different administrations to initiate strategies for advancing the security needs of its citizens. The country adopted the first Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR) to help it lead through civilian power. I have noted with concern that the first QDDR centered largely on using development assistance as a device of civilian authority. It conspicuously ignored to include security assistance, which includes military training, law enforcement, sales of arms, and such security related elements. The failure to include security assistance in the QDDR has left a considerably precarious gap. As much as focusing on development assistance is a rational decision, the omission seems to be an oversight, rather than a purposeful verdict. Security assistance has conspicuously remained almost completely unevaluated for efficiency and impact yet it is the core to the building of a cohesive and peaceful country Notably, numerous research reports have flagged the need for revaluation of the significance of security assistance. An attempt to delay the evaluation would appear a consequence of lack of adequate information on national surveillance. For the country to achieve better transparency and accountability of foreign aid, it is essential that the government take an initiative to provide defense aid. Given that since the launch of the first QDDR in December 2010, it has not achieved its core objective, now is the opportune time to begin the process a fresh. As the country battles with the decision on whether to repeat the process, here are some leading lessons that we took from the last go-round that are of significance for our consideration. Foremost, we have an obligation to carry out actions for the right reasons. The point is that our conduct needs to be above reproach. Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review is not about having polished public relations information sheets or fighting home turf political wars. It is challenging the false conceptions regarding our foreign policy, finding out the flaws in our systems, and determining a method for putting in place crucial amendments. It is apparent that the State Department’s intention to stump its authority and ensure the government’s study directive section did not bestow too much autonomous a voice to USAID breached the rights of the citizens to get the best out of the QDDR. The internal wars negatively affected the policy drafting process. Another complicating factor is the legislation that the State Department has proposed as a solution to the tuff of war between the two departments. The bill is not in the interest of the people of the United States because it will help fortify the State Department’s tyranny and push USAID to the peripheral wall, where it will have no official footing in the entire policy formulation and implementation process. We
Introduction The main objective of the fourteenth amendment was unquestionably to enforce the unconditional equality of the two races- black and white, before the law, but, in the real sense, it did not intend to do away with the racial matters. According to the various on goings during the time, it was almost certain that the amendment did not aim at abolishing the differences based upon color, or to enforce social rules and guidelines that would bring the two races together (Wayne, 45). The period was full of laws, which allowed the separation of the two races in terms of facilities and social amenities, and yet the proponents insisted on the essence of the laws. The period was popular with separate schools, hospitals, infrastructure, jobs, and even in marriages. The proponents of the separate but equal laws fronted the ideology that the laws did not portray any race as inferior. The most popular law during the separate but equal times was the one affecting education- black and white races attended different schools irrespective of the distance the black children had to walk to school. This law was in place for
Introduction to the Company Laing O’Rourke is one of the largest construction companies in the UK. Operating from Dartford, England, it is the largest privately-owned company in the country. Having more than 15,000 employees, the company dominates the UK market and makes ventures abroad, mostly in other English-speaking countries, such as the USA, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia ( Company overview 2018). The company specializes in all that is related to construction work, ranging from building construction to infrastructure development, modular manufacturing, engineering services, construction support, investment, and development. The company’s yearly revenues amount to about 3.1 billion dollars ( Company overview, 2018). Since 2017, the company has been losing money following major turbulence in the construction sector associated with Brexit as well as dealing with the aftermath of the collapse of Carillion, one of O’Rourke’s largest competitors/partners (Brereton 2018). Challenges Facing Laing O’Rourke and the UK Construction Sector The construction industry in the UK has been in a steady decline for from 2011 to 2016, with its fall culminating in autumn, when Carillion, one of the largest construction company in the region, disintegrated (Brereton 2018). This prompted the UK government to evaluate the industry’s performance, with the results of that evaluation presented in Mark Farmer’s independent construction review, published in late 2016. The report highlights many structural failures within the industry, such as an ultra-conservative business model, resistance to change, and the inability to adapt to the realities of the market. The problem of diversity was also brought up because of the ever-shrinking pool of skilled labourers, engineers, and managers for the construction industry (Farmer 2016). Engineering and construction remain one of the few male-dominated industries with less than 1 per cent of female workers in the field and upper management echelons. The design and engineering sectors are a bit better. Even then, they make up no more than 18% of the employee pool (Brereton 2018). Although Laing O’Rourke announced a plan to increase gender and racial diversity in their company, little progress was reported. Women in O’Rourke experience issues related to a male-dominated environment. Due to their relatively low concentration in the workforce, they often become a subject of harassment and “competition” among their male colleagues. The company has only one female leader in the high-position role, and her appointment was at a time when severe financial crises hit the company in 2015 ( Leadership 2018). That fact, in combination with her being a legal and tax specialist, represents not only the glass cliff but also the genderization of work. The popular opinion is that men are assertive while women are bossy, indicating the perceived inadequate use of authority, which is just another form of se
Rene Descartes is a renowned philosopher and mathematician of French descent. Descartes’ ontological argument is an a priori argument to prove God’s existence. The argument is based on the analysis of God’s essence rather than on empirical evidence (Oppy 22). In Rene Descartes’ view, all human beings have an inherent conception of a perfect entity. Descartes argues that we cannot envisage a perfect entity if the entity does not exist. Moreover, since human beings are imperfect, the idea of a perfect being does not originate from us and must have been placed in us by an already existing perfect being. Descartes postulates that God must exist because existence is perfection and God is utterly perfect. To prove God’s existence, Descartes begins by describing God a ‘supremely perfect being’ (Oppy 21). In Descartes’ postulation, God is omnipotent, omnipresent and independent, and is the perfect being that can be conceived. Descartes argues that since an existence is more real than nonexistence, and because God is exceedingly perfect, it is only logical that God exists (Oppy 23). This argument implies that if God does not exist, then he is not supremely perfect. Consequently, by His very nature of supreme perfection, God must exist. In his exemplification of the ontological argument, Rene Descartes equates God’s nature to a triangle, whose essence comprises the interior angles that make up one hundred and eighty degrees. We, therefore, cannot envisage God without imagining existence. I do not believe that Descartes’ ontological argument succeeds in proving the existence of God. As appealing as the ontological argument appears, Descartes commits a major logical fallacy by assuming that the existential verb is similar to other properties, and can be possessed or not possessed. However, existence is a trait different from any other trait. Something either exists or does not exist. Descartes’ ontological argument also fails to prove God’s existence since it makes the assumption that anything conceived in the human mind has to be existent in reality. For instance, it implies that if a person has an idea of a perfect island unlike any other, then the island must exist. If one accepts Hume’s account of the degree to which we have the knowledge of causation, is science possible? Explain your view fully Regarding the idea of causality, David Hume starts by asserting that all human beings possess an idea of causality (Beebee 46). What interests him is the nature of the idea of causality and how people arrive at this idea. According to Hume, the idea of causality begins from single impressions. These impressions offer no basis for causality as they are complete in themselves. According to Hume, multiple impressions of empirical events cannot be extrapolated
Introduction A new product comes or enters the market as the result of the innovative steps in the new product development process. The new product developed here is a brand of noodles called the Hot Nodle. The product is a delicious one with a variety of proteins and nutrients added to it to enrich its appeal. The noodle was developed as the result of the various brainstorming exercises carried out. Product/Specific features The product which we launched is a noodle which contains several nutritive, protein and healthy content. The product is to be made available at a reasonable cost and it has to be made available to people of various economic statuses. The product is an innovative product, which is the result of several outcomes from the brainstorming ideas. The main concept during the launch of the product was the concentration on the new product development which is an innovative one. “Innovation works in business only when it creates a benefit. That benefit could have cost savings or efficiency that benefits the producer or distributor, or a cost-saving or anything else that benefits the customer” (Berry, 2010, para.1). Certain features that make the product innovation are the shape of the noodles. Usually, the shape of the noodles is long and entwined together, which needs, to be broken into pieces, but the hot noodle is of the broken form which helps for easy cooking. The packaging is done in plastic containers, which can be re-used and all the information about the product, including the web address for any feedback, is mentioned on the label. The free offer of the sauce packages, ketch-up, etc is provided to make the product tastier and attractive. The sauces as an additional tastemaker have not been used previously and, therefore, this is a new product and offers a variety to the consumers. Legal and Ethical implications The legal and the ethical issues in marketing deal with definite principles where there is an opportunity for the regulation of the marketing, The main framework of the marketing ethics deal, with the value orientation which make considerable differences in the moral values like the honesty, sincerity, privacy, etc. The second issue deals with the stakeholder where t