ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The documentary film, ‘Daughter from Danang’ explores the story of Heidi Bub, an American woman brought to America from Vietnam during the ‘Operation Baby lift’ in 1975. Despite that Heidi is given the opportunity to spend the rest of her life as an American citizen through adoption, she cannot bring herself to identify with her adoptive mother who mistreats her leading to their estrangement. This separation leads Heidi into tracing her roots back in Vietnam where contrary to her expectations, her biological mother and the family in general turns out to be much worse than her mother back in America. Heidi decides to return to America prematurely, and despite that her Vietnamese family stays in contact with her, she is not ready to identify with them because they are so demanding. This report highlights two major psychological concepts namely; socialization and stereotyping as captured in the movie. Socialization Socialization is a major psychological concept entailing the process through which individuals in a particular society become members of a given culture in terms of assuming the values, beliefs, behaviors, and norms acceptable by the larger population. Therefore, through socialization children become exposed to specific skills and attitudes perceived to play a significant role in helping them to transition from one stage of lifespan development to another (Mayer, 2004, p. xiii). Accordingly, parents, teachers, and other members of a given cultural or social group are the major agents of socialization. Here, the agents of socialization are expected to teach the children about their language, occupational/gender roles, and cultural norms/values. For instance, in the movie, ‘Daughter from Danang’, Heidi’s adoptive mother plays a major role in terms of showing her the need to forego her Vietnamese culture in order to fit into the American way of life. On the other hand, socialization plays a major role in the formation of different personalities in the society. Here, it is important to note that genes in part are the major contributors of one’s personality. However, studies have shown that the process of socialization underlies personality formation in such a way that it encourages individuals to adopt certain beliefs and attitudes that fit into a given culture (Mayer, 2004, p. 1; Jost & Banaji, 1994). For example, the parenting style in the United States is in most cases referred to as authoritative, and its positive benefit is that it dictates children’s outcomes in different aspects of life. Unfortunately, the authoritative nature of Heidi’s adoptive mother does not sit well with Heidi’s attitude, and thus, they end up separating. Furthermore, from the movie, it is apparent that there are important differences in socialization between American and Vietnamese societies particularly in terms of the significance of family re-union in the two groups. As it can be illustrated from Heidi’s behavior when she visited her family in Vietnam, a family re-union i
Jackman, (2012) argues that there are several health complications presently. According to him, motivational interviewing is one of the significant methodologies in engaging patients. Particularly, this relates to the patients suffering from chronic conditions. Most of these health conditions are associated with lifestyle and behavioural practices. Jackman, (2012), defines it as an interviewing methodology that is client-oriented. It is directive and applicable in the stimulation of intrinsic urge within targeted individuals. The aim is to assist them accept change (Jackman, 2012). There are other distinct features and elements associated with motivational interviewing processes. For example, the process is characterized by an element of empathy. This helps to steer the process of supportive counselling and character guidance. The terminal objective is to enhance transformational shift from risky health behaviours to more positive and healthy lifestyles. Jackman, (2012), observes that much caution must be taken during the process of motivational interviewing. For instance, the various health professionals must take precaution to evade arguments and other altercations. Analytically, such actions have detrimental impacts in the attainment of basic goals of the interviewing process (Jackman, 2012). Some empirical investigations indicate that these actions lead to an increase in the level of an individual’s defensiveness. Consecutively, patients or clients interviewed under such conditions are likely to get demoralized. Resistance is also associated with such negative interactive intercourse conditions. According to Westlake & Glynn, (2012), motivational interviewing is associated with the development of positive results and attributes amongst patients. It is an effective methodology to engage persons suffering from con-occurring health complications. Moreover, the approach also has constructive contributions to the development of effective therapeutic associations. The process is also important in the development of an individual’s self-reflection. Through this process, patients are able to determine their individualized objectives. Forrester, Westlake & Glynn (2012), outline the critical steps in the process of motivational interviewing. Foremost, the interviewer must initially engage in the assessment of the patient’s perception. This relates to their perceptions of the specific challenge in context. Secondly, the patient’s comprehension of the specific health condition must be properly explored in the process. It is vital to note that motivational interviewing processes might not necessarily transpire during one sitting or moment (Westlake & Glynn, 2012). Therefore
Introduction Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) refers to a collection of inherited disorders that are normally exhibited in the form of abnormalities, usually present in extracellular tissues (Watanabe, 2008). Common characteristics of EDS include easily damageable blood vessels, hyper elastic skin that bruises easily, and loose joints (Watanabe, 2008). There are six major types of EDS, namely: Classical, hyper mobility, vascular, kyphoscoliosis, arhroscalasia, dermatosparaxis (Watanabe, 2008). Differential Since signs for the different types of EDS overlap, differential diagnosis is normally employed to identify the specific type of EDS that may be present in a patient. Here, in my top differential, the main signs that one would need to identify classical EDS include: checking for skin that extends easily under pressure after which it returns to normal size on release; smooth skin surface that splits easily under sudden pressures; presence of wounds that take a long time to heal; joint hyper mobility; pain in limbs; frequent hernia; premature age features on the face; poor motor; cardiac malfunctions (Fransiska, 2010). Here, primary clinical signs that are specific to classical EDS include joint hyper mobility, an elastic skin and slow healing of wounds (Fransiska, 2010). For patients with skin that easily bruises, joint hypermobility and dislocation of joints, it is important to investigate for other forms of EDS. For the hyper mobility type of EDS, the primary sign will be joint hyper mobility. Here, other notable signs would include the following: A soft skin that could be slightly hyper elastic; joint dislocations. Although a patient with the above signs may show skin abnormalities, the presence of large and atrophic scars is normally a sign of classical EDS (Watanabe, 2008). Differentiating EDS signs that have been described above further, a doctor can be able to identify the vascular type of EDS. Here, although skin abnormalities are present, the skin of an affected patient is normally translucent and thin (Watanabe, 2008). The primary signs of vascular EDS includes the bursting of capillaries, and, or internal organs. Here, hyper mobility and hyper elasticity are rare. Moreover, unlike other types of EDS, most patients with vascular EDS will start to exhibit complications (rapture of blood vessels) once they reach twenty years old (Watanabe, 2008). Epidemiology Considering the epidemiology of EDS,
Education plays a very important role in the development of a society right from the individual level all the way to the national level. Education helps develop a person’s critical thinking, expand their mental horizons and increase their capacity to innovate and think creatively. Education helps develop a person’s ambition, and in the process follow their dreams and helps chart a person’s destiny towards self-actualization. This article aims to show the importance of school in development of an individual and society as a whole. In life, change is inevitable but the crucial thing is to be able to adapt to changes that occur in our day-to-day environment. Change develops us as it challenges the status quo, hones our survival skills and keeps us in tune with the environment around us. A degree in human resource management is important as it helps one understand people, and how to deal with them effectively, harnessing their talents and skills towards achieving organizational goals. This has a ripple effect on the entire economy as a booming national economy is highly dependent on thriving business enterprises. Human resource management therefore, helps develop a person’s ambition, and enables them to achieve their dreams and live a more fulfilled life. Developing HR in an organization has a roller effect of developing the society. Using Maslow theory, human beings will always strive to achieve more, which in turn leads to higher productivity. An educated population will function better in high tech industries like IT and telecommunications, which are more efficient and have higher returns than low tech industries like agriculture. An educated population is also more innovative, leading to production of unique products and services that boosts the economy. Homeland security plays an important role in protecting the lives of a country’s nationals and keeping the domestic environment peaceful. Without such peace, development and growth would be nonexistent or minimal. Homeland security therefore ensures that people are able to go about their day-to-day economic activities, thus ensuring a thriving economy. It is for this reason that I would like to join Homeland Security after leaving the military. For me to get a well-paying position, I need to further my education. Over and above that, I now have the resources to pursue my education. These resources are both in terms of finances and time, which will enable me, concentrate better on my studies. I also believe my experience in the military will be of great additional value as I have had ample knowledge in dealing with security related issues. In conclusion, education is important to both the individual and the society as a whole. Education helps develop a person’s skills, which in turn are applied in the job market making the economy prosper more than, if the society was less educated. This paper has discussed the importance of education in the life of an individual, as well as the economy.
Introduction Puma SE is a German multinational company that operates within the global sports industry. The company key regions of operation are Europe, North and Latin America, and Asia. Since the year 2005, the company has indicated its interest in Africa in terms of sourcing raw materials, as well as marketing. In 2004, Puma SE enjoyed a share of 1percent of the global sports equipment market behind Nike, Reebok, and Adidas and also had 5 percent market share of brands where it was ranked the fifth (Anonymous, 2004, p.10). Puma was established by Rudolf Dassler in 1948 after he and Rudi Dassler split the family shoe business. In the late 50s, the company became a limited partnership and went public in 1980 (Palepu et al., 2007, p.318). The company deals primarily with athletic footwear, apparel, and accessories. The corporation transformed into a market-oriented firm that is concerned with diversifying the brand into superfluity of lifestyle and fashion options (Miller, 2010, p.2). The company focus drifted a far its conventional centralized structure to becoming a virtual sports company. The decentralized structure is reflected by the way Puma operates from three headquarters in Germany, the United States, and Hong Kong. Around 90 percent of the footwear is produced in Asian countries, as well as 60 percent of the apparel (Anonymous, 2004, p.117). This paper is intended to assess Puma’s operative and market environments in order to discover its competitive advantages and opportunities in place. There will also be a determination of the competences, resources, weaknesses, threats, and strengths the company can use to exploit these opportunities. Market environment analysis As stated by Adam MacLeod, a sports business analyst, the European and American markets for sports equipment have a somewhat mature lifecycle (MacLeod, n.d., p.3). This has resulted from the interest and dominance of the key market players within these markets. Therefore, this section seeks to analyze the global environments in terms of macro and microenvironments. The tools projected for this part are PESTLE and Porter’s Five Forces analysis. PESTLE Analysis Political, economic, socio-cultural, and technological factors are considered to be centered on any business environment, as illustrated below. Image 1. PESTLE Analysis. Source: International management: managing in a diverse and dynamic global environment By Phatak, Bhagat, and Kashlak. Political Analysis For Puma, SE went through a massive restructuring to operate in the wider global market. This process of restructuring exposed the company to different political factors across various economies. Governments’ stability is a key factor that affects the company. For example, wars in Afghanistan and terrorist attacks, geopolitical uncertainty led the company to move its production from Pakistan (Anonymous, 2004, p.116). At the same time, the political stability in China made the company increase its factories in the country, leading to a sales increase of 34.6% (Anonymous, 2004, p.117). Economic Analysis Principally, the position of the German economy wit
Introduction The success of an innovation is largely dependent on vital intelligence, which, when incorporated into the open innovation process, may produce what the innovators call technical thrust. Reflectively, when properly planned and executed, intelligence is the main force behind successful and accelerated innovation. On the boundary spanners, innovations should be fairly fast and inclusive of all the stakeholders. The innovation decision process is inclusive of knowledge, persuasion, implementation, and confirmation among the employees. Challenges in suggesting and seeing innovations in an organization Despite the fact that the creation of a product as a result of innovation is through research, every member of an organizational team is always anxious about the expected response once the product hits the market. Besides, the organizational environment may not have a supportive organizational culture that integrates creativity in performance. In addition, innovators face the challenge of anxiety on the forecasted response to their innovation within an organizational setting. Despite proper management, thorough research, pre-contemplation, contemplation, and action, there is always an element of uncertainty as a result of a possible rejection of particular innovation architecture. Application of knowledge from interview to foster innovation architecture Basically, proactive innovation architecture is “responsible for the success of an organization in getting its innovations in the market include continuous policies aimed at building trust with ideas considered as low-risk” (Tellis, 2012, p. 28). From the interview findings, it is necessary to develop a proactive system of balancing and tracking different innovation strategies within the goals of an organization. Therefore, through the engagement of an elaborate innovation promotion culture, it is easy for an organization to create a sustainable system of balancing foresight, corporate culture, product development, and product proliferation as dependent elements of an innovation architecture. Therefore, “foresight is very crucial since it gives a company a rough perspective and an overview of the future concerning the expected and unexpected changes” (Horibe, 2009, p. 33). Interview summary The person I chose to interview was Mr. Jones Knight, who has been in different senior management positions in different organizations for the last two decades. Mr. Knight is qualified in business management and is currently the general manager of the Celtic Mobile Company. Mr. Knight has occupied the post of a general manager at the company for the last five years besides four years in supervisory roles. As the general manager, Mr. Knight’s responsibilities include managing research and development, corporate culture, and the supply chain. The interview was conducted on 25 th November 2014 in person at the manager’s office. Mr. Knight’s contract is 607-761-4999.
In the third letter entitled “what is an American” of his book “letters from an American farmer” Jean de Crèvecoeur mostly answers the question of the letter’s title by giving an insight into the effects of the American environment has on an European immigrant. It gives us the various diversities between the kind of life which the Europeans lived in Europe and the way they start living in America. (Reuben) When a Europeans go to America, they find that there are a lot of differences in almost everything between the two continents. While back in any of their native countries, say Germany, they could mostly only come into contact with their fellow Germans in a country that occupies a very small portion of the European continent. In America, a vast country, a European will be able to meet people with very different origins, because a big percentage of Americans are from other European countries and they are all blended into a mixture. “Here he sees the industry of his native country displayed in a new manner, and traces in their works the embryos of all the arts, sciences, and ingenuity which nourish in Europe… It is not composed, as in Europe, of great lords who possess everything, and of a herd of people who have nothing. Here are no aristocratical families, no courts, no kings…” (Crèvecoeur). The differences that the Europeans are exposed to in terms of how the formerly poor people adjust to life in America and start making their lives meaningful more often sows a seed of passion to imitate what the others have done in terms of hard work and success. The major differences that occur between these new Americans are brought about by the differences in the environments that they live in. Most of the Europeans who went to America were poor in their own countries. They were looked down upon. “Alas, two thirds of them had no country. Can a wretch who wanders about, who works and starves, whose life is a continual scene of sore affliction or pinching penury …” (Crèvecoeur). They were not supported in their own countries and the laws were very harsh on the poor majority since in Europe only few people were rich and owned most of the wealth thus the gap between the rich and the poor was very big. When they came to America, everything changed. There was a new democratic legal system which actually cared for and protected the citizens. The lifestyle changed, they were recognized as citizens with equal rights. This new environment made them change as they realized they could also be free and succeed in life like the rich people. Crèvecoeur says “we are nothing but what we derive from the air we breathe, the climate we inhabit, the government we obey, the system of religion we profess, and the nature of our employment”. The Europeans who lived on the sea sides became boisterous, brave and inventive due to the diverse people they met and ventured into transportation of different products. The others who settled
Introduction The PICOT question is formulated in the following way: in adolescents, will the use of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) screening tool, compared to the traditional standard of care, be more accurate in early detection of depression within a year? As it is planned to develop an evidence-based project on the basis of this PICOT question, it is essential to create an implementation plan. Accordingly, this paper aims to address three primary steps of the plan: identification of the problem, the discussion of the search strategy, and the critical appraisal of the gathered evidence. Identification of the Problem First of all, it should be mentioned that the problem of depression among adolescents is of high importance as this disorder affects an increasing number of individuals in recent decades (McMahon et al., 2017). The proper method of detection, prevention, and treatment of this condition is evidently needed. The formulated PICOT question addresses this problem by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) screening tool. Due to the fact that it is of high significance to identify the best option for treating the depression among adolescents, the author aims to compare the use of the BDI with other standards of care in this area. The relevance of the problem is determined by the fact that depressive disorder is often poorly identified in teenagers, which frequently causes adverse consequences provoked by the lack of adequate treatment. Search Strategy Conducted The next step of developing the evidence-based project is conducting the literature research. In the completion of this step, the author seeks to find strong support from scholarly works within the same area of concern as well as to retrieve potentially efficient strategies and interventions related to the identified problem. For the purposes of this paper, the literature research was conducted through the use of several databases. It is worth mentioning that due to the specificity of the problem, it was challenging to find sources that match the requirements of the PICOT question. However, the research conducted through such databases as PubMed, Cochrane Library, TRIP Database, and SU Library Search gave consistent results. Three articles were identified as primary sources for the development of the evidence-based project. It should also be mentioned that the list of academic sources is projected to be extended in order to provide additional scholarly support for the project. Critical Appraisal of Evidence The first source under consideration is the article by Blackmon, Liptak, and Recklitis (2015). The authors conducted a quantitative statistical analysis on the sample of 202 adolescent cancer survivors with the purpose of testing the efficiency of the abbreviated version of the BDI screening tool. It is found that ev