ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction ‘Crash’, the movie, brings together characters with unrelated backgrounds and experiences. Their narratives appear parallel, but, as the plot unfolds, their lives become entangled turning into a complex tale spanning 24 hours. It brings to the fore the issues of racial tension and prejudice inherent in American society. The main sociological principles seen in the movie are ethnic stereotypes, gender roles, cultural/racial identity, ego-defensive prejudice, and social aggression, among others. Sociological Themes Ethnic Stereotypes A major sociological principle evident in the movie is ethnic stereotypes. Stereotypes are the overgeneralizations people make the “behavior, appearance, or traits” of persons from a particular ethnic or social group (Benshoff & Griffin, 2009, p. 12). Ethnic stereotypes in ‘Crash’ emerge from poorly conceived notions and perceptions of racial or ethnic groups. The white police officer, John Ryan, holds overt stereotypical beliefs about black minorities. He believes the operator, Shaniqua Johnson, was favored over “five or six qualified White men who didn’t get the job” ( Crash 2005). He sees her as an operator not keen on assisting others because she was not hired on merit. Further, the cop abuses his power by indecently touching a black woman in the presence of her husband who was subdued by a second officer. These episodes portray the officer as a person with ingrained stereotypical beliefs about minority populations. The ethnic stereotype is also seen when Jean grabs her husband’s arm when they see two African-American men approaching their car. Her fear stems from preconceived notions about black men. She tells her husband that, as a white woman, walking away from black men is not a sign of racial intolerance. The two African-American men turn out to be carjackers, reinforcing Jean’s stereotypical beliefs. After the incident, the couple calls a Hispanic locksmith to replace the locks in the house. Again, Jean argues that the locksmith could be a “gang member with a shaved head and pants around his ankles” who could give the keys to “gangbanger” members ( Crash 2005). Her comments portray her as a person holding stereotypical beliefs about minority groups. Other examples of stereotypes include the white pawnbroker believing the Persian male has terror links and the Persian linking the Hispanic to a break-in at his store. Traditional Gender Roles The second sociological theme evident in the film is traditional gender roles. The film depicts how inflexible gender roles influence social behavior. The traditional male gender role as the protector is illustrated in an episode where Officer Ryan frisks the wife of a film director, Cameron, ostensibly to searc
The name given to the structure created by Gore, the organization design W.L. Gore named the structure of his ‘unmanaged’ company a ‘lattice’. This structure is part of Gore’s unmanaged and unstructured company design. The organizational design provides direct communication person to person without intermediaries. There is no assigned authority and no bosses. New employees are assigned a sponsor and often can end up with several sponsors as they move through their initial training. The leadership style is called ‘followership’ and objectives are set by those who must accomplish them. Employees make commitments to accomplish tasks and functions. Evaluation of the design— judgment with outcomes Gore’s lattice design is based upon the assumption that other organizations have underground lattice designs that supplement their formal organizational design. Gore eliminated the formal structure in favor of the underground design. This informal design allows cross-functional teams to form and do the work needed rather than having the work filter down to those who can accomplish it in a formal organizational structure. This saves time and effort and, because it requires individual commitment, the tasks are completed more efficiently. The influences on the Gore system of unmanagement Because Gore did not want to smother the creativity or ingenuity of his associates he moved away from creating a firm organizational structure. To support he unmanagement structure Gore adopted a method called sponsorship to welcome and train new associates. Oftentimes an employee with have several sponsors as they move through their training period. The role of the sponsor is not to make the employee subservient but guide and assist the new employee discover his function and contribution to the company. The values of the Gore Culture and how are they transmitted to Gore associates Gore associates are introduced to the Gore management style when they arrive and are assigned a sponsor. The sponsor works to integrate the new employee by introducing him to the ‘associate’ model and the unmanagement style. In addition, current and new associates are asked to follow four guiding principals. Th
Introduction In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a successful treatment for purposes of infertility and in couples who are in need of Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) so as to assess genetic abnormalities of their potential offspring. These two procedures can also be used by couples who do not have fertility problems. In these instances, IVF and PGD are used as a form of assisted reproductive technology to guide the couples in selection of the offspring they intend to conceive based on the sex. Sex selection of an offspring may be due to preference or it may be because the couple is selecting a sex that does not have sex-linked genes (Elder, 2008, p52). For instance, some genetic diseases are sex-linked, for example, Duchenne muscular dystrophy which affects boys but not girls (girls are only carriers of the disorder). In these cases, cells derived via IVF are analyzed so as to determine the sex of the embryo. In case male embryos have the sex-linked condition, only the female ones are implanted. However, it is important for couples that decide to use these assisted reproductive methods to understand the risks, benefits, complications and challenges of the procedures and to decide whether the risks are worth taking so as to create gender balance in their family. The success rate of these procedures depends upon many factors like age of the woman and the physiological/health condition of the couples (Harper, 2009, p56). Risks of PDG and IVF Risks for PGD and IVF in sex selection procedures may be classified as; general risks, disorders in pregnancy outcome, risks to do with infant mortality and morbidity, and risks concerning imprinting disorders. Healthcare experts need to define the nature of the risks well because they determine the success rate of the procedures. Some potential risks are extremely dangerous and they, hence, necessitate health care experts to abandon the procedure. However, some risks are worth taking if the couple is really intent on the sex selection exercise. General risks and complications of PGD treatment are identical to those of IVF since the procedures depend on each other. Some potential risks for IVF are drug reactions, multiple births, ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS), and ectopic pregnancy (Tursi, 2008, p67). Drug reaction A good number of women have some form of reaction to the IVF drugs; this is manifested as hot flushes, irritability, headaches, restlessness, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, abdominal bloating(due to excess fluid accumulation), abdominal pain and swelling and ovarian hypertrophy. Most of these side effects are mild and should not cause much alarm, hence, are considered as general risks. Abdominal pain and swelling is as a result of ovarian hyper-stimulation in response to the injected gonadotrophins. Women who have these symptoms need to see a doctor urgently especially when there is abdominal pain and swelling (Center, 2009, p79). Multiple births and birth complications
The following essay will analyze five poems: two from Emily Dickinson, one from Dylan Thomas, one from Langston Hughes and one from Gwendolyn Brooks. These five poems run the gamut of style, theme and imagery. Each poem has been chosen because it is indicative of a certain aspect of the poet’s work, and will be analyzed from the perspective of imagery, followed by a discussion of each individual poem’s theme. The poets themselves differ greatly in life experience and subject matter, all of which the reader sees reflected in this sampling of poetic works. The poets have been chosen because they all created work that came from their personal experience and crafted it into poems that have stood the test of time and continue to be studied and interpreted years after their initial publication. The poems under discussion include Because I Could Not Stop for Death and Wild Nights_Wild Nights! by Emily Dickinson, Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night by Dylan Thomas, Harlem by Langston Hughes and We Real Cool by Gwendolyn Brooks. Because I Could not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson was chosen for this paper because it is the most famous and most successful example of her proleptic poems, wherein the narrator addresses the reader from beyond the curtain of death. Critics and biographers have attributed the impetus for the poem Because I Could not Stop for Death to the death of one of Emily Dickinson’s friends, Olivia Coleman, who succumbed to a tuberculosis attack while riding in a carriage in 1846 (Joyner 1). After this event Emily Dickinson wrote to a friend named Abiah Root and remarked in that correspondence that she “almost wish[ed] there was no Eternity. To think that we must live forever and never cease to be” (Joyner 1). As many poets do, Emily Dickinson drew from her life experience to develop her work and the deaths of her family members and friends factor greatly in many of her poems as a result (Joyner 1) The most arresting image in Because I Could not Stop for Death occurs in the stanza “Since then—’tis Centuries—and yet, Feels shorter than the Day, I first surmised the Horse’s Heads, Were toward Eternity” (Dickinson 2). According to critic Nancy Joyner this stanza “might imply that the speaker is remembering the day of her death from beyond the grave, or that her escort has betrayed her by keeping her riding in limbo, or that she is expressing a death wish, or that she merely distinguishes between finitude…and timelessness, or that she finds the human’s lot of the realization of death to be so overwhelming that it makes time stand still” (Joyner 1). The multiple interpretations that this image supports speaks to the brilliance of Emily Dickinson as a poet. The image itself is simultaneously chilling and compelling, largely because the narrator addresses the reader
Executive Summary Gretna community group is looking $200,000 to fund an art exhibition exercise planned by Gretna youths. This program is expected to not only expose the world to the wonderful works of art within Gretna community but also create an avenue for self-employment by youths from this community. The project seeks to take advantage of the exuberant youth talent and experience within the community. The program will benefit 267 youths and adults through creation of self-employment and opportunities for talent growth, in addition to helping them market their art works to a wide market that the one they currently enjoy. Organizational Structure Gretna community is to bridge the gap between the art producers and the market both locally and internationally. The organization is situated in the heart of Gretna valley amongst an ethnically diverse community. The community is mainly based on low income earning population comprising of approximately 25,000 persons. Despite the large pool of art talent thriving in the community, it has been unable to economically gain from this talent. This is mainly attributed to inability of the community to access the wider market and hence vulnerable to the greedy middle men who take the products at low prices and later resell for wide profit margins. The organization is managed a board which also doubles up as the top decision making organ. Other than the local poor community, the organization will also use its extensive network within the area to reach out to schools and promote art through them. The schools targeted mainly constitute students from the low income earning families in the region. With an extensive network of volunteers, the groups is expected to forward extensive benefits to the community through marketing of their products and attracting prospective buyers to visit the area art exhibition center as well as the website to be established and managed by the group on behalf of the community. Objective of the organization Gretna Community group was mainly form to help the poor, talented youth and adults within the Gretna society to achieve greater economic prosperity deserved of their talent. Through the program the community will be able to gain income worth of their talent. This will be achieved by directly marketing the products on behalf of the community and hence eliminating the middle men who reap huge benefits leaving the community poor. The program will help enhance the community’s income and consequently other sectors like education, health and financial services. Additionally, educational program funded by the program will h
Definition of a hero A hero can be thought as a person who has probably performed a number of actions that are beyond the ability of an average person, these deeds are regarded as extraordinary or amazing. Heroes perform superhuman deeds, some of the most known heroes in the past include Alexander the Great who conquered a vast territory, and he almost single-handedly penetrated more than 14,000 miles through Greece to the Far East. The actions of Alexander the Great are a vivid demonstration of superhuman actions that earned him a heroic status. In a nutshell, a hero is a person who has performed actions that are by far beyond the abilities of any person in his or her time and maybe in the future. A hero is also defined by his or her community; one cannot earn a heroic status without the immediate society granting them the status. How others define a hero Many people have proposed different definitions of what a hero means, some agree on the uniqueness of a hero in terms of the abilities to perform deeds that are extraordinary, some argue that heroes train to become heroes through years while others tend to agree that heroes are simply borne heroes (Barnet, 37). The age and the perception of an individual influence these definitions, a child regards his or her parents as heroes as they learn their environment, and they see their mentors or teachers as their heroes. With time, as the mind develops so does the scope and the definition of a hero. In the ancient times, a hero in the Greek was regarded as a person with overwhelming courage to face the challenges that affected the community, some of the common challenges of the ancient times included enemy attacks, drought and religious conflicts. In the past heroes were worshiped as they were regarded as superhuman. In some other communities like the Hindus, their heroes were idols that were worshiped and highly regarded. How I define a hero To me, a hero is anybody who has played a vital role in ensuring that humanity develops towards prosperity or safeguards humanity from danger. Since life its future is the most essential factor in the human history, it is worth protecting the survival of humanity by all means. There are a number of ways which ensures that human suffering is mitigated or eliminated completely through the contribution of science and human heroes. To me, people who have played a vital role in either whistle blowing the impeding danger or positively contributing towards a solution of a major crisis like the disarmament of nuclear weapons and mitigation of climate changes risks are my heroes. The reason why I def
Introduction In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a technology whereby a man’s reproductive sperms are added to a female partner’s ovum in a laboratory to develop an embryo. Designer baby clinic is a technology whereby a mother is allowed to decide the custom of her baby. In this case, the type of hair and complexion amongst other things are decided on by the mother. Cultural relativity and the “Heinz dilemma” Heinz should have done what he did; in this case, it might have been a criminal offense under the law. However, he could not have been handed the death penalty was he to be tried in a court of law. If the drug could save the life of his wife, then it was ethically sound to steal the drug. In his case, there were two consequences which were both negative; he was to choose one with a lesser impact and that was to risk being arrested and charged in court but save the life of his wife. There is no element of self-interest for Heinz. He was simply compelled to act the way he did due to the circumstance of his wife’s sickness. The pain and psychological torture of losing his wife pushed him to do anything he could to save her life. Due to the cost of the drug, the attached article is comparable to the Heinz dilemma since most people cannot afford such expensive drugs. In fact, because of the cost of the drugs outlined in the article, Heinz’s dilemma may just be a single case amongst many. So, it does not alter the earlier response. Virtue ethics Even though the act was against the societal norms, it is important to note that sexual urges are always difficult to suppress, especially where both a woman and a man are alone in a secret place. Both Julie and Mark were psychologically oriented for lovemaking and they might not have been able to control themselves. Besides, it seems they were not scared of the societal view on incest and decided to obey their sexual urges rather than the societal norms regarding such an act. The case of Julie and Mark secretly making love is incensed; but incense has always been considered antisocial, unethical, and immoral in most societies. In light of this, it was not proper for them to make love to each other. They lacked virtue and ethics. Individuals with virtue and guided by ethics should act as required even when they are alone. They are not social elements to be only displayed in public but should also be exercised even in secret places like where Julie and Mark were. IVF Technology and Designer Baby Clinic Even though the use of IVF technology is good news for couples who are not able to
Introduction In the beginning of 1900, India was ruled by British Empire and it attained independent in 1947. In most parts of the 19 th century, India was under the rule of British. India was taken as the core of the British Empire and Queen Victoria was created as Empress of India. The main British military was deployed in India and this made Indian citizens to have no powers in local and central government and they had less authority in policy and decision-making. Indian National Conference (INC) was established in 1884 by some of the learned Indians and they intended to obtain greater authority in the way India was ruled (Blackwell 56). In return to this progress, there was establishment of the Morley-Minto reforms in 1909 and Morley was then the Secretary of State for India. Das (6) contended that in 1850, Indian population was merely 500 million heads. By 1900, there was increase in population to around 1.5 billion heads and was increasing very fast, to around 3.2 billion in the year 1965. The population was increasing within a shorter time and this rapid population increase was mostly due to a reducing death rate, which was faster than birth rate and especially a raise in average people age. In 2000, the number of people in India was reported to have reached around six billion people. However, the growth in population began to reduce after 1965 due to reducing birth rates (Hiralal 28). This paper would discuss the transformations in India since 1900 including the British Empire, economy and population change in India. Discussion British Empire in India After 1919, nationalism in India strengthened and this was because of the following reasons (Blunt 431):  1. Several learned people in India were not really pleased with the Morley-Minto reforms. British still ruled India and they did not reduce their powers or raise the Indians authority in the government. The INC aimed for more powers in their country.  2. Woodrow Wilson had inspired the minds of several Indian nationals with his consideration of national independence; i.e. citizens of a country to have powers to rule themselves. The entire idea of national independence destabilized the crucial concept of the British Empire where the British ruled this empire or individuals chosen by the British to perform the same. For national independence to function completely, India was supposed to be ruled by the Indian nationals residing there. In the beginning of 1919, there was implementation of the Government of India Act and this helped in introduction of national parliament (Chandrasekhar 169). Around five million of the richest and influential Indian nationals were offered the right to vote which was a very minimal ratio of the sum population. Central government, ministry of education, and some civil positions were governed by Indian citizens. However, the British managed the entire
Mechanisms of Modern Interprofessional Collaboration Interprofessional collaboration always rewards those who participate in it. Collaborators may not achieve the initial goals, but the process itself will provide them with enough new perspectives for further research. Therefore, interprofessional collaboration and the study of it should be encouraged. Recent research has shown that this is already happening in the health sector. Schot et al. (2020) note that “healthcare professionals such as doctors and nurses are increasingly encouraged to work together in delivering care for patients” (p. 332). In their article, the researchers described the patterns of interprofessional collaboration of nurses with other healthcare workers in detail. One of the article’s strengths is that it provides the audience with a general overview of how interprofessional collaboration works in health care in general and in nursing in particular. It is also worth noting the simple language of the material. However, the authors pay too much attention to the collaboration of nurses with doctors (Schot et al., 2020). There is not enough focus on dentists and other health care professions. Moreover, the authors seem to avoid delving deeply into their topic; they even confirm this themselves in conclusion. The superficial nature of an article is dictated not only by the primary goals of the writers of the study but also by the research methods they used. Schot et al. (2020) applied Cooper’s systematic literary analysis to select relevant articles and collect the necessary data. They then conceptualized data from selected papers and formulated interprofessional collaboration patterns and a preliminary basis for future research through inductive coding. The feasibility of the evidence is questionable since it is “limited and fragmented,” as the researchers themselves note (Schot et al., 2020, p. 339). Nevertheless, knowledge of the mechanisms of modern interprofessional collaboration can help me better prepare for interactions with other professionals on my practicum site. Nursing, Nurse Practitioners and Telehealth An undeniable positive aspect of the work of Rutledge (2017) et al. is that the information in the article is useful for different groups of nurses. It will be helpful to those who are just getting acquainted with the principles of telemedicine and to experts of nursing who are developing their knowledge in remote patient monitoring. The article covers every critical aspect of telehealth and touches on telemedicine education’s current advantages and shortcomings. The disadvantage of the article is that although the authors provide future directions