ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Medical office assistants are relied upon in the health care industry to bring some order in complex health care facilities. Their main goal is to support the roles of physicians and other health care providers. Jerry’s training qualifies him to issue the refill order with regard to the patient in the scenario. Medical office assistants are required to perform the following tasks:   * Coordination of patient visits   * Update physicians and patients with regard to change of dates of visits   * Administering medications   * Assessing patients’ vital signs   * Keeping patients’ records   * Filling out insurance forms   * Arranging for hospital admission   * Explaining medical procedures to patients   * Advising patients with regard to medications and special diets   * Authorizing drug refills as directed by their seniors However, the roles of medical office assistants may be based on the laws in different locations (Fremgen, 2009). Therefore, it could be expected that some jurisdictions could allow medical office assistants to perform more duties than those working in different jurisdictions. It is clear from the above illustration of roles that Jerry is adequately trained to order for drug refills, but he is required to be instructed by his senior (Dr. William). Without such instructions, Jerry cannot order drug refills. Instructions are required because some medications could result in patient harm. A difference Assuming that the medications are needed by the patient on a daily basis, it would be ethical for Jerry to order drug refills without obtaining instructions from his senior because the drug is essential in the patient’s life. Refusal to order drug refills would negatively impact the health status of the patient. Deterioration of blood pressure would easily result in death. Therefore, it would be ethical for Jerry to order drug refills (Garrett, Baillie & Garrett, 2009). Such actions are needed in the health care industry to save patients’ lives. The patient has been on blood pressure medications. Therefore, the patient knows the names of blood pressure drugs that have provided the best efficacy. It would be ethical for Jerry to confirm the drugs from medical records in the facility and order for drug refills. The doctrine of respondeat superior The doctrine aims at protecting employees from possible lawsuits on the grounds of their actions that cause harm or damages (Fremgen, 2009). The doctrine is practiced on the grounds of vicarious liability. It proposes that employers should be prosecuted for the actions of their employees committed while on duty. It would require the establishment of the type of relationship between Jerry and Dr. William so that protection from prosecution could be granted (Fremgen, 2009). If it would be established that Jerry and Dr. William are an employee and employers respectively, then the issue would be applied to physical torts. However, the following questi
Introduction Metamorphoses by Ovid is one of the greatest works of the early Roman. Metamorphoses constitute a collection of poems that feature myths of creation in early Romans and Greek. As implied by the title, the poems are about various changes in the society of the author. Transformation is the major theme featured in all the fifteen books that make up Metamorphoses. Besides transformation, the book accounts various myths on different aspects of the society. In modern days, Metamorphoses can be compared to a collection of fables. Ovid succeeds in using various literary tools such as humor, self irony, allusion and irony. Ironic elements in the fifteen books bring out meaning of various issues in the work. Overview Metamorphoses is a collection of stories about transformation and change. Ovid tries to explain how change occurs in his society and what motivates the changes. Ovid tells about the changes by featuring one transformation tale to another. In most cases the poems retell well known Greek myths but in a different approach. Metamorphoses is written as an epic (Forey 23). It constitutes a long narrative structured in the form of a poem. In most cases Metamorphoses is referred to as mock epic because of how it makes use of various literary tools to mock different aspects of the society. The dominant transformative force in Metamorphoses is love. Although Ovid does not believe that love is necessarily a positive thing, he is strongly moved by the ability of love to change people (Brunauer 43). Stories in Metamorphoses explore various transformations that result from love. Indeed, Metamorphoses can be seen as an epic about love. Unlike other love poems, Metamorphoses is in dactylic hexameter. This different approach creates an impression that Metamorphoses is not merely a love story but a narrative with a higher meaning. Although the stories in the collection of poems are mostly disjointed, the theme of transformation is clearly seen in all stories. Irony in Metamorphoses Irony is an important literary tool in literature. Irony is used where the meaning of a statement or a phrase in literary work is different from the conventional meaning of the phrase. Irony also occurs from the meaning of a phrase or event as used in the context of the literary work. There are different kinds of irony in literature. Verbal irony, dramatic and cosmic irony are the major usage of irony in literature. Verbal irony is quite straight forward; it is the irony that occurs when a speaker say something but has a different meaning to what is said. Dramatic irony occurs where the audience is aware of the truth about something while a character or
Muqarnas Design Framework The design of muqarnas vaults is based on a smooth transition from two-dimensional forms to three-dimensional ones. Such a transition is believed to be a creative and progressive process. The spatial properties of vault-like elements result in various experiments with the development from a rectangular or square shape to a dome-like structure. Thus, muqarnas designs usually include several basic elements that are combined in repetitive layers to produce complicated surfaces. Muqarnas drawings in-plane projection represent traditional design methods utilized by Islamic architects who applied strict geometric and mathematical rules to create their architectural works. Such drawings give a general understanding of the main principles of muqarnas design. The absence of overlapping elements in muqarnas makes it possible to project three-dimensional structure to the plane surface rather easily. Still, ancient architects used a special system of abbreviations in their drawings which makes them too complicated. It is generally recognized that different shapes are difficult to distinguish in such plane projections. Nevertheless, it is possible to say that muqarnas design is created with the help of a limited number of geometric elements that are simple and uncompounded. The links between the elements are determined by a geometric system of strict conformity. These two basic rules are necessary for muqarnas projection approaches. The primary blocks used to build muqarnas are called cells. In the complicated examples of muqarnas, intermediate elements are also present. They are used as subsidiary items between the cells to make a geometric network more complete. Some researchers state that “the primary requirement of prefabrication is that the whole complex has to be decomposed to specific forms with limited variety and quantity” (Dadkhah et al. 134). It enables the development of diverse projections based on specific elements that almost do not vary and can be recognized as three-dimensional items from the beginning. Therefore, each two-dimensional tile is originally a three-dimensional element in the plane projection. To design three-dimensional structures in plane drawings, it is necessary to understand clearly how each element affects the space. Figure 1. Muqarnas Elements. Complicated muqarnas structures are developed by utilizing the modular design. Such design is a construction of a variety of different elements composed of a set of basic modules. Such modules can be applied in the final layout or can be a part of the invisible substrate. Usually, the geometric items of two different scales are used in a certain combination. The large-scale p
“On the night of July 3, 1889, Charles Wilson, City Marshal of Oceanside, was foully murdered while performing his duty as an officer [1] .” City Marshal Charles C. Wilson and his brother deputy Marshal J. Koener “Keno” Wilson who was the deputy marshal were walking towards a hotel from where they heard gunshots. The two officers were going to investigate the gunshots and were passing through the railroad tracks located north of Santa Fe Depot. A few minutes after midnight, the two officers heard a sound of breaking glass that appeared to come from near distance of their current location. Marshal Wilson and his brother decided to digress from their path and check out what was the cause of the breaking glass sound. As the two officers got to the scene, they saw two persons on horses riding towards them. One of the riders was a twenty four year old who had previously been arrested for charges of disturbing the peace. Koener Wilson had done the arrest (under the orders of C. Wilson) [2] and therefore recognized the twenty four year-old as John Murray. However, Marshal Wilson was the first to point out his identity as John Murray. According to the account of J.K “Keno”, Murray was holding the reins of his horse with his left hand together with the globe glass of a street light. On his right hand, Murray held a pistol that swung freely on his hands. John Murray shot City Marshal Charles C. Wilson using the pistol and he died [3] . The Crime of Murder Murder is a criminal act of killing another person with the intention of causing harm. The thought of malice that precedes murder is the dining attribute that differentiates murder from other crimes such as manslaughter. In the society, murder is highly frowned upon because of the massive loss it brings to the victim’s family and the fact that the loss of human life is also injurious to a society’s well-being. Therefore, in all societies, murder crimes receive a punishment considered the harshest in the respective societies. Courts consider malice to be the intent to kill, the intent to cause deadly harm that slightly falls short of death, a careless handling of human life that is unjustified and the intention of obligating a treacherous offence. Alcohol impedes a rational thinking of a person and is used as an excuse by defendants of murder cases to conceal the evidence of malice. A prevalence of pistols in nineteenth century California and alcohol places the Murray case as a comm
Diversity of Life within the Sanctuary A home to a great variety of wildlife and endangered species, the Manas Sanctuary is located in the Himalayan foothills, in the far eastern state of Assam. Designated as a wildlife sanctuary in 1928, as a “World Heritage in Danger” site in 1985, and finally as a National Park in 1990, Manas is considered to be one of the best-kept national parks in India. (Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, 2008) Manas has a very assorted animal population. Being the only tiger reserve in Assam, it accommodates India’s second-largest tiger population. Aside from this, it is also popular for the rare golden langur and red panda, and other highly endangered species of birds and animals. In addition to tigers, other potentially aggressive animals in Manas are the elephants, rhinoceros, wild buffaloes, leopards, clouded leopards, and the black panthers. Other creatures include swamp deer, gaur, golden cat, pangolin, fishing cat, capped langurs, Assamese macaques, slow loris, hoolock gibbons, smooth Indian otters, sloth bears, barking deer, hog deer, sambar, and chital. (Manas Wildlife Sanctuary) Not only does Manas accommodate the Fauna, but it also contains more than 450 species of birds. Among the most popular are the great pied hornbill and the Bengal florican. Both resident and migratory species such as giant hornbills, jungle fowls, bulbuls, brahmin ducks, Khaleej pheasants, egrets, pelicans, fishing eagles, serpent eagles, falcons, scarlet minivets, bee-eaters, magpie robins, pied hornbills, gray hornbills, mergansers, harriers, ospreys, and herons reside within the area. Of course, a large variety of reptiles and butterflies can also be seen in the sanctuary. (Manas Wildlife Sanctuary) All of these can be seen by visitors through rides on boats and elephants. Elephant rides are best for visitors who would want to see wild animals, while the boat rides are for spotting animals and birds that come to the rivers to drink. Although there are no available department jeeps or guides, the tourists could hire private jeeps that will be used during the tour. (Manas Wildlife Sanctuary) The ecosystem within the Manas Sanctuary Animals and plants of different species interact with each other all the time. Interactions could be in the form of eating together, living together, mating together, and even preying on each other. (What Is an Ecosystem?) The Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is a home of ecosystems where both biotic and abiotic components are linked and interrelated. It is said to represent one of the most unique and best examples of the Eastern Himalayan ecosystem because 92% of the park is still under forest cover. (Management of Royal Manas National Park, 2008) The interrelationships among the life forms within the sanctuary start with the input of energy from the sun. This energy is captured and transformed in
Introduction Supply chain plays significant roles in the domestic and the global economy. Each passing day, business processes, and operating environment are increasingly becoming complex. They hence require attention. This requires an effective supply chain that is able to respond efficiently to disruptions from unexpected events. Supply chain needs to be streamlined to be more responsive to disruptions from the external environment. This calls for an efficient supply chain risk management. There are many risk management tools that can be utilized in supply chain management to reduce the impact of disruptions in the supply chain. This paper discusses the risks that are inherent in supply chain. In addition, it provides varied definitions of risk, supply chain management, and supply chain risk management by different authors. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of supply chain management. Risk analysis models are discussed with reference to five articles by different authors. However, the report is constrained by lack of sufficient time in the preparation and submission, as well as the human resource factors. Reviews of books and Literature Supply Chain Risk The supply chain is vulnerable to risks of different levels. There are varieties of definitions of the term “risk”. A risk is an uncertainty with regard to future events that distort a functionality of business operations (Mun, 2004). Manuj and Mentzer (2008) define risk as unpredictable disruptions or breakdowns to the initial objective and projections. Lastly, risk can be defined as uncertainty with regard to events that compromise expected outcomes (Pryke, 2009). Singh, Mishra, Jain, and Khurana (2012), define supply chain risk as a potential deviation from the planned objectives that cause additional costs on value added activities, at different stages of the supply chain. On the other hand, Wagner and Bode (2008), describe risk as a loss or a damage to supply chain that is caused by disruption of supply chain activities. Risk can also be defined as an organizational, environmental, or a supply chain related variable that is not easy to predict with certainty. Therefore, it affects the outcomes of supply chain activities (Faisal, Banwet, & Shankar, 2006). Supply chain risks are classified as internal, or external. The Internal risks arise from improper coordination of supply chain operational activities. These risks include production, distribution, supplies, and demand risks. On the other hand, external risks are factors that occur due to the interaction of the supply chain with the external environment. They include natural disaster risks, exchange rate risks, terrorist attacks, and regulatory risks (Singh, Mishra, Jain & Khurana, 2012; Lin & Zhou, 2011). These risks are inevitable in supply chains, and hence the high need to manage them. Risks damage and disrupt the efficient performance of s
When we talk about abuse, we basically mean mistreating and manipulating someone causing physical, sexual or psychological harm to their emotions and self esteem. Trauma, on the other hand, is a result of being involved in a distressing traumatic ordeal that affects your emotions and leaves lasting memories of the encounter. Post-traumatic stress disorder may be as a result of past experiences such as rape, domestic violence or molestation. This anxiety disorder that arises from trauma may leave behind long-lasting psychological effects that may keep on haunting the victims (Harris, 1996). Such individuals need counseling and motivation to help them combat the fear within them and boost their self esteem. Women tend to be more vulnerable to abuse, assault, battering, kidnapping, rape and even physical, emotional and psychological torture regardless of their social status in the community, race, tribe, nationality or their level of education. They all experience domestic violence, abuse and post-traumatic disorders. In most cases, these incidences of women abuse occur within the confine of a family set up or relationship where one partner tends to mistreat, mishandle, abuse and assaults the other partner and in most cases the women fall victim of such misconducts from their male counter parts. Such abuse and undermining of one’s feelings and emotions often leads to detrimental effects on the victims. Most abused women tend to harbor anger and hatred against those that mistreat them and this leads to a failed marriage institution as women are the corner stone of any stable marriage. It also leads to low productivity as their psyche to hard work and fend for their families drastically fades away. Post-traumatic disorder that emanates from trauma and routine torture, leads to a negative psychological effect on the victims. Since women tend to be the weaker sex with a lot of emotions, they tend to be affected to a great extend by such mistreatment and abuse. Some end up having very low self esteem, depressed, stressed up and some even contemplate of committing suicide. Women who happen to be abused sexually or raped in their earlier stages tend to have severe trauma and psychological disorders that may even affect their relationship with their male counterparts and more so their marriages later on in life. Statistics have shown that one of the three women has been abused either sexually, physically, emotionally or psychologically. A survey conducted in Canada by the General Social Survey (GSS) group deduced that about 25 percent of the women in Canada have been abused by their partners. The survey also showed that the incidences of women molestation tend to be more severe than the abuse directed to their men counterparts. (Pottie, 2000). In conclusion, we have to find lasting solutions to these barbaric behaviors that have lead to dest
Introduction The Volkswagen Group is one of the world’s largest car makers. Specifically, the group is ranked third in the entire world in the automotive industry. The group has several branches across the world and their marketing communication strategies in these regions are influenced by a unique consumer behaviour culture of each market region. Besides, the group has proactively rolled successful marketing strategies that classify the targeted market segments and creation of relevant advertisement messages that directly and positively improve their sales. Several marketing communication tools and different media have been employed by the group across its branches which operate independently of the mother company. The treatise will attempt to explicitly review different marketing communication policies that the Group has adopted in China and the United Kingdom branches through consumer behaviour and marketing communication theoretical perspectives for the Volkswagen Polo product. The paper concludes by offering recommendations to make the current marketing communication strategies for the Volkswagen Polo product more effective. International Marketing Strategies of Volkswagen Polo Product in China Volkswagen China Group Market Segmentation strategy In the product market, life style defines the activities clients are involved in, beliefs, opinion, health aspects, and interests. As defined in the ‘Activities, Interest, and Opinion marketing model’, life style directly dictates purchasing behaviour and preference (Anbu & Mavuso 2012). Chinese population consists of many middle income families who have continued to be more conscious of costs and sustainability of automobiles they purchase (Fields 2010). Specifically, the cosmopolitan Shanghai city has a comfortable percentage of high market clients who have fully embraced Volkswagen Polo brand because of its affordability as compared to other automobile models. Besides, they tend to associate with sophistication and have money to spend. The middle and high social classes of clients are the key target this product. These groups are heavy spenders in automobile, especially those that promise unique aspects and have unique features such as those incorporated in the Chinese Volkswagen models (Ashtiani et al. 2011). As the issue of the need for safety and green living penetrate automobile industry, Chinese clients have increasingly grown shy from environmental unfriendly automobile to friendly automobiles that are efficient. The target group has a peculiar buying motive for the Volkswagen Polo product since the company incorporated the aspects of green living in this automobile model that rhyme with the conservative culture of the Chinese (Fornell 2002). Besides, a good percentage of sales in China are generated by referrals from satisfied customers who acted as marketing agents for the company on the aspects of affordability, efficiency, and reliability of the Volksw