ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Corporate and organizational entities have a duty to institute and propagate appropriate and ethical commercial practices at all levels of engagement. All operations should revolve around honesty, candour, and ability to resonate well with regard to ethical thresholds of corporate practice (Lauren, 2012). Organizations should explore structural frameworks that give credence to overall essence and rationale for ethical conduct within their areas of operation. All platforms of organizational practice and conduct should amplify the desire for straightforward business and corporate practices (Lauren, 2012). The relationship between organizations should promote and augment collective agenda towards realization of ethics and accountability at all times. This should include strict adherence to statutory frameworks and provisions that regulate operations within various areas of operation (Lauren, 2012). This research undertaking seeks to analyze the ethical orientation of PharmaCARE, a global pharmaceutical entity. It shall quantify the extent of compliance based on various organizational practices that characterize its operations. This paper shall analyze various stakeholders and their involvement in decision-making processes. It shall also look at numerous corporate undertakings in order to devise a favourable threshold for determination and quantification of ethicality with regard to operations in the organization. This paper shall also develop a critique focusing on scenarios in relation to management and structural disposition within PharmaCARE. Stakeholders Stakeholders are people who have direct contact with organizations with regard to activities that anchor their operations at various levels. They include individuals who transact business within and without an organizational entity. It also includes other corporate entities that partner with an organization in order to facilitate individual and collective commercial endeavours (Lauren, 2012). In this case, examples of stakeholders include workers within the organization, clients, investors, financial institutions, regulatory agencies, and communities that live within the locality of the organization. Stakeholders play an important role in supporting and facilitating operations within corporate entities because they complement efforts that gear towards realization and actualization of organizational ideals and aspirations (Lauren, 2012). Stakeholders are integral components within organizations because they strive to create avenues for success and growth at all times. PharmaCARE should value and appreciate stakeholders because play an important role in developing and implementing its strategic plan regarding operations within the industry (Lauren, 2012). Success of PharmaCARE depends on hard work and dedication that emanates from employee and stakeholder participation in its operations. Managers and board members also form part of a wide
Every organization needs to ensure to run smoothly and, on order to achieve its goals, each organization develops its management concepts. The position of the manager includes the responsibilities include planning, organizing, leading and controlling. These are the four basic functions of management and they are essential to reach the company’s goals. It is important to understand relationships between those functions and the ways to operate them in order to provide a smooth running of the company. We consider that organizing is one of the most important functions of management that is the basis of the stability of the company and its organization. Thus, in this paper, we are going to discuss the organizing function of management and provide its importance.Structuring the work of organization is a very important process. Organization is a matter of distribution of responsibilities among individuals that work together in order to achieve a common purpose and accomplish the goal of organization. A manager must be know well all the employees and their abilities in order to organize their activities and work in the most appropriate way (Bateman & Snell, 2007). This can be achieved through the managing of the staff and planning their work and responsibilities appropriately. It is also important to set up the training for the employees, get the necessary resources, and try to organize the work group in a well-organized and productive team (Allen, 1998). In addition, it is also important that manager to go over the working plan with the team and break the assignments into separate units that will be carried out by member of the team. One more important function of manager is to link related jobs together in a well-organized way and appoint opportunities for the individuals (Allen, 1998). In order to be a good manager and be able to organize the work of the team and each individual, it is important to possess good organization skills and have the ability to be flexible and find alternatives solutions to the same problems. The organizing function of management is based on the principles of the organization theory. Thus, in order to ensure good organization of the company, it is important to take into account the main principles of the organization theory. Daft (2009) provides that: Organization theory focuses on the organizational levels of analysis but with concern for groups and the environment. To explain the organization, one should look not only at its ch
First, the country has not strengthened its capital markets fully. Currently, the National Stock Exchange (NSE) has not reached out to retail businesses and institutional investors properly. Furthermore, the stock market is dependent on metro cities; only about ten cities account for eighty percent of the trading at the NSE. This leaves many rural and semi rural areas untapped (Mohan, 2006). It has been shown that the Indian people have a very good savings culture. If the retail sector can be engaged, the capital markets will have better prospects for growth. Such an approach is quite imperative especially because the bond markets are growing at very good rates (Sharma & Chandan, 2006). Financial literacy is another big problem in Indian capital markets. A number of people are willing to invest, but few of them are fully informed about financial instruments. Some of them have committed themselves to an investment, only to realize that they had not been told about the full risks entailed in the venture. For the Indian capital markets to grow, people need to know the benefits, risks, durations and volatilities of various types of investments before that can commit. Stakeholders have the responsibility of making this information available to them in an easily accessible and understandable form (Farrell et al., 2006). When compared to other capital markets of the world, it is a given fact that transaction costs in India are much higher than they are in similar economies. Consequently, this acts as a barrier that limits potential trading partners from participating in the market. The country is yet to take full advantage of the benefits of technology in order to cut down on some of these transaction costs. India has the opportunity to make their markets the ideal investment destination if it can work on this glitch. This particular capital market also lacks new products innovation. One particular sector that needs to be improved is the area of financial derivatives. Investors in other parts of the world tend to rely on financial derivatives in order to protect or hedge out their investments against risk (Bekaert et al., 2003). This can provide a new avenue for revenue growth and could push the boundaries of the Indian Capital markets to other parts of the world through foreign investors. Governance, regulation and risk management are also other sectors that can be improved in the Indian capital markets. Internationalization is fast becoming a reality for emerging economies. If India is competing internationally, it needs to clear out current structural bottlenecks. The country needs to have governance and risk management standards that are well streamlined. For any stock market to function efficiently, it needs to have a mechanism for providing resilience and sta
Escape Fire is a movie presenting a comprehensive approach to the healthcare system of the United States. It is seen that the American healthcare system is broken and needs changes. The movie illustrates how the system is designed to fix health problems but not to prevent them. Speaking about the film, it was at the same time fascinating and disappointed to watch. Stakeholders in the movie were businessmen who care about their wages rather than the health of people. The goals of the stakeholders were to obtain profit by giving more drugs to patients and placing them in hospitals. However, among them, there were leaders who were concerned about changing the healthcare system in the country (Escape Fire). This demonstrates that the medical service problem can be transformed and have a positive future. Speaking about specific scenes, if I were a soldier’s nurse, I probably would be more imitative in providing care for the patient. In the film, it seems the role of nurses was neglected (Escape Fire). As a nurse, I would do more practical care by the use of evidence-based research. I also would try to care about the solder’s needs and mood, speaking with him and making him feel comfortable. Overall, filmmakers, Matthew Heineman and Susan Froemke did a good job, of showing the crisis in the American healthcare system. The movie calls for reforms in healthcare, as the cost and access of the current medical system are not applicable to most citizens. I got the strong message from the movie, thinking more about how the medical services in the country can be transformed. I also concluded that people should look for methods of preventing diseases rather than treating them. Reference Escape Fire is about finding a way out. It is about saving the health of the nation . (n.d.,). EscapreFiremovie.com.
Introduction The present study explores the current financial system of Northern Rock, its flaws and the problems foreign investors encounter with it. The study will outline the detailed factors that affect foreign investment in Northern Rock, and hurdles they come across with its dominant domestic accounting standards that does not comply with IAS. Background Creativity and innovation is associated with remarkable long-term financial performance. The companies that are highly competitive and successful in increasing their shares in shareholders after long term innovative stress has a corporate value (Plsek, 1997; Fisher, 1995; Higgins, 1995). In addition, innovation is constantly needed on customers’ demand. Because customers use services and goods, they experience new ideas and want innovative change in goods and services. Customer not showing their satisfaction on services actually leads to the creation of innovative idea (Deming, 1993). We can stay ahead even by implying past innovations for competing in the market because in some businesses past innovations are reversed and replicated, which are more cost-effective than making newer one. Patents offer little certification of exceptionality (von Hipple, 1988). To stay ahead in marketplace it is necessary to be constantly innovative (Utterbeck, 1994). However, these innovations should be new technology enabled. According to Bower and Christensen (1995) if businesses will not employ innovative technology they will lag behind, because, their competitors will lead by employing new technology and take the market in their hands. There is a need to have a fresh look on old problems with new ideas (Senge, 1990; Stacey, 1996). Problems are re-emerging with re-emerging changes. Therefore, we need to find diversified new solutions for each problem and rework on it in a different way and leave old ideas that do not work anymore. Today, we are interconnected with each other with web-enabled and media related technologies. Current political, economical, and financial situations around the world have very wide spread effects on business processes. UK accountancy has taken new folds in new era. Conventional accounting methods usually underestimate intervention of human intelligence, limiting its insubstantial benefits in the activities of an enterprise. Positive transformation of financial system implies changes in practical application of accounting accompanied by modification in theoretical objectives. This will include changes in accounting objectives, hypothesis, principles, equilibrium equation, components, computation, assets, and calculation. Northern Rock’s financial system is not competitive to the developed countries. It has deficiencies in auditing (Xiao, Zhang and Xie, 2000). Flaws exist in financial institutions with improper use of accounting assets, false sta
Political risks in foreign trade refers to factors that are politically instigated by governments of various trading nations that hinder trading, affect running of business or make investing in these countries difficult or risky. It’s important for any business to conduct a comprehensive study of the trading country receptiveness to foreign investors or traders before committing any investment with that country (Donald A. Ball & Wendell H. McCulloch Jr. 35). Some of the political risks include. Country laws Several countries have enlisted laws to guide foreign investments and trade in order to protect their local industries. Some of these laws pose a major risk to international trade. While investing in such countries, investors need find out which laws are against the intended investment, some of the laws involve currency held at any given time, local investor shareholding in any foreign company and local raw materials input on any production line (Kumar 40). Political stability Political instability in a country poses a greater risk to foreign trade. Every trader would love to do business where his life and investment are secured. Unstable countries attract minimum foreign investors and at the same time involve themselves in minimal foreign trade also. (Bob 70). Terrorism Acts of terrorism in recent past have risen to worrying levels creating panic among traders. This has in turn raised the trading cost among nations as well as causing panic among traders. A country that is more prone to terrorism attacks is usually not attractive to foreign investors. Labor conditions Labor is one of major constituents of trade. Some governments have strict labor laws and strong labor unions that may influence the way you perform business in such countries. If these labor relations considerations are not well taken care of, they may pose a risk to foreign trade as some of the businesses will be barred from trading in some countries due to their poor labor relations in those countries. Managing political risks. Depending on the type of risk that exist, the approach taken to manage it will differ from case to case, in the case of country laws, governments need to come up with treaties that encourages free trading blocs where there is free movement of goods and services within the block. Political instability can be managed through concerted effort of aided consultation by the United Nations to ensure peace prevails and trade is conducted in a peaceful environment. Acts of terrorism can be managed through enhanced security by various nations together with the united Security Council and also enhance the insurance policy to cover acts of terrorism. Poor labour relations can be managed through the foreign investors adapting the laid down laws and re
Background Governments cannot stabilize their economies if they do not work with financial institutions and investors to establish a lasting solution to inflation and other economic challenges. The purpose of involving all economic stakeholders in discussions regarding development is to establish policies that will create a healthy business environment for all players and consider the rights and needs of consumers. Some governments borrow money to finance their projects and recurring expenses, and this means that they expose themselves to bad debts (Coyle, 2010). Central banks and other key financial institutions should always be ready to take drastic measures to cushion their governments from unreasonable borrowing and spending. Governments collect taxes and use the money to finance their projects and expenses. The central banks play a significant role in ensuring there is a reasonable supply of money in the economy to avoid inflation. Therefore, central banks should work together with governments to cushion their economies from inflation and other economic challenges. This essay uses the IS-LM model to examine the impacts of cutting on expenses, increasing taxes, and liquidity of the banking sector to reduce budget deficits. The IS-LM Model This model was developed by John Hicks and Alvin Hansen in 1937. It explains the interaction between interest rates and output. The initials stand for investment and savings while LM means liquidity preference and the money supply. Therefore, this model explains the relationship between investments and savings and how this affects the liquidity preference and the availability of money in the economy. The chances of stabilizing an economy are high when the equilibrium brings a balance amongst all the factors in the economy. In addition, it explains the movement of the aggregate demand curve and shows the stability of the economy when different stabilization policies are established. Application of the IS-LM Model to Reduce Budget Deficits A budget deficit is a situation where the government is forced to spend more money than what was allocated to various projects. This means that a budget becomes contained and is unable to meet its targets because it does not have money to sustain and finance its projects (Goolsbee, Levitt, and Syverson, 2013). Borrowing loans from international financial institutions and grants from donors is a viable solution that governments may use to solve this problem. However, these solutions are not always available whenever they are required, and this means that they are unreliable. Moreover, politics has a significant impact on the success of these approaches to stabilize an economy and reduce the budget deficit (Harford, 2006). Therefore, internal mechanisms like reducing government spending and increasing taxes are more effective in managing b
Introduction The fast food industry has continuously posted growth for long, despite the various challenges that have bogged the global economy. Part of the growth has seen the industry players expand their markets and establish themselves as multinational companies. One such company that has registered growth and significant expansion is the Kentucky Fried Chicken, also known as KFC. The American fast food store chain is ranked as the second largest globally in the industry after its main competitor, McDonald’s. KFC established its presence in different countries of the world in seeking to sustain further growth, including China. The Chinese market is considered as one of the fastest growing markets in the world. The Chinese market boasts of a significant market size given that China is the most populated country in the world. This paper seeks to discuss the internationalization of KFC in general and make direct comparisons with its entry into China. The paper will elaborate on the actual timing of the internationalization, the entry mode used by the company, as well as an exclusive evaluation of the company’s performance in both the Chinese and other international markets. The Timing of KFC’s Internationalization According to Krug (419), the first international branch of KFC was opened in 1969 in Japan. The year 1969 was mainly chosen because the company was still in its early stages of growth and expansion. In general, the fast food industry was less developed and there was limited thinking beyond national borders. Most players in the industry were concentrating on expanding to cover all the states in America in order to enhance their domestic market leadership. It is prudent to point out that KFC became the first fast food chain of restaurants to go international by venturing outside the American market at the time. Any date earlier than 1969 would have proven to be less viable for KFC to internationalize because the company was yet to fully expand and cover the local American market. There was need for all the players, including KFC, to concentrate more on building a stronger customer base in the domestic market given that the industry was also immature at the time. Additionally, by 1969 the American market was beginning to fully mature. Most of the leading industry players, including McDonald’s, had established their presence in virtually all the parts of the USA as domestic competition stiffened. Time was rife for the companies to begin thinking of alternative marke
This paper will focus on studying the first ten amendments to the American Constitution commonly referred to as the Bill of Rights. It will pay specific attention to the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments that apply to criminal defendants. The paper will center on the influence the Fourth Amendment has on procedures implemented in correctional facilities, law enforcement system, and the courts. The emphasis will be made on the reasons for such embodiment and the outcomes. Finally, the paper will provide the examples that support the author’s standpoint on the Bill of Right and its indoctrination in the law enforcement system. Being an investigator in the U.S. Defenders Office is a great honor. However, it can be a stress for a newly hired person, especially when the United States Attorney asks to complete a theoretical task. This time, it was required to reflect on the Bills of Rights and its influence on the law enforcement system. The initial version of the United States Constitution included the provisions that granted authority to the three independent branches of government: the legislative, the judicial, and the executive. However, there were no dispositions that would limit the federal government in its actions. It is what motivated the need for introducing the ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution that are usually referred to as the Bill of Rights. They are called so because they define certain restriction for the activities of the branches of government granting rights to the citizen (Fagin, 2007). The Bill of Right manages all three branches of government. For example, the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments are applicable to the law enforcement system. That said, the Fourth Amendment guarantees the right of people to security “in their person