ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Sustainability in tourism and hospitality industry is essential for profitability and environmental conservation. Tourism is a global industry which allows for the influx of people and goods from all over the world to a destination of choice. United Arab Emirates is one such preferred destination in the Middle East courtesy of its versatile hotel industry and Arab architecture (Al-Ali, 2008). The Emirate of Dubai is a spectacular tourist destination with indigenous products and seven star hotels among other attractive natural sceneries. Sustainable hospitality and tourism development entails the practice of applying universal principles such as ecotourism, cultural diversity and national heritage in the industry. In addition, the interaction of people from different cultures could compromise host cultures as far as religious and traditional values are concerned. Literature Review Ecotourism and hospitality The UAE context is a good example of how ecotourism and sustainable hospitality have been applied towards boosting revenue earnings from tourism beyond revenue traditionally obtained from petroleum resources. Currently, western principles and operations apply most in the management of tourism activities in UAE hospitality industries (Al-Hamarneh & Steiner, 2004). The lack of career knowledge and technical capacity is the reason behind the labour shortages in UAE hospitality industries. Most expatriates working in the country are migrants from “Philippines, India, Thailand and Sri Lanka” (Ali, 1989). Performance management demands that UAE nationals are effectively trained in order to develop their skills appropriately. It is also worth noting that Arab leadership is characterized by Islamic principles replicated in the management of organizations. Cultural peculiarities and business practices Business practices and development of products are also designed to reflect the resilient Islamic principles of the Arab world. Shari’ah compliant hotels provide significant opportunities to locals keen on developing their culture and society economically. This has also inspired Muslim travelers around Middle East to visit the Emirate Sheikhdoms particularly Dubai. Features unique to the Muslim culture are reflected at the workplace setting “through traditional uniforms with a strict dress code for women staff, markers indicating the direction of Mecca, female and male prayer rooms, prayer mats and prayer beds, ‘halal’ food with no pork, conservative television channels, art that does not depict human form, and beds and plumbing placed away from facing Mecca” (Atiyyah, 1992). Islamic tourism and its perspectives Islamic tourism is not just about pilgrimage to Mecca. Sustainable tourism within the UAE Islamic context appreciates the need for broader ways of promoting
Executive Summary Business Concept Vigorous is a non-alcoholic beverage (NAB) company that produces soda with unique flavors. The company aims at becoming the household name for healthy soda drinks in the United States. The organization strives to meet the needs of employees, customers, partners, and the rest of the stakeholders. Business Concept Justification The NAB industry is very competitive. Dominated by several powerful organizations that have established a very strong presence in the target environment, it incorporates a variety of obstacles that SMEs and new entrants have to overcome to gain weight in the NAB market. Therefore, it is imperative to create a unique brand product that will represent the organization properly. Healthy soda with unique flavors is exactly the product that has the potential to become the company’s big selling point. Management Structure The management structure of the company is fairly simple. CEO is at the helm of Vigorous, whereas COO and CFO plan the actions in the corresponding domains (i.e., operations and finances). Production, sales, marketing, IT, retail, and HR departments are accountable to the COO, whereas the CFO of the organization controls the processes related to accounting and audits. The structure described above seems to be the most appropriate in the described scenario since it allows for a fast and uninhibited transfer of data from one company member to another. As a result, the essential goals are attained within the shortest amount of time possible. Furthermore, the crucial data is not distorted in the process; as a result, the threat of misconceptions and conflicts is reduced. Market Need The idea of providing customers with the soda drink that is actually healthy was prompted by the fact that most of the soda produced by competitors has a slightly negative impact on the consumers’ health rates, at best. The harmful effect of soda has been the reason for concern of nurses and medics for years (Taber, Chriqui, Vuillaume, Kelder, & Chaloupka, 2015), and the design of the product that will actually have a positive effect on people’s health is likely to attract people’s attention immediately. Competitive Advantages As stressed above, the emphasis on the healthy properties of the drink can be viewed as the selling point of the drink. Therefore, it will be necessary to focus on promoting Vigorous as the drink that provides an opportunity for the customers to follow the principles of a healthy lifestyle. Indeed, there are very few companies that address the health-related aspects of their products for quite understandable reasons. Therefore, being able to claim that the drink to be produced is completely healthy from the target audience is the opportunity that the company must not miss as the customers will doubtlessly value the innovation highly. Financial Projections Since the company will have to face rather stiff competition in the target market, the growth rate is expected to be moderate. According to the company’s financial statement, the net profit is going to grow at a comparatively fast pace.
The article “A Beginner’s Take on Sufi Poetry: Does the Sufi Love Transcend Religious Borders to Encapsulate Humanity?” presents an understanding regarding the Sufi prose as written by different poets. Mizan mentions that love is an overriding theme in Sufi poetry (148). Sufi poesy depicts the distinct aspects and subsequent trait of affection. Understandably, the text leans its argument that Sufi verse develops the topic of love by mentioning renowned poets like Attar, Shams, Hafiz, and Rumi who embrace it throughout their various poems. The love which the poets create in their texts is considered to exemplify the gorgeous symbolism of the true love amid God and man (Mizan 151). In other words, the Sufi pieces of literature are regarded as one of the critical parts of Islamic civilization and literature. The supreme God instituted in the Sufi works is the same that is located in the Quran and Islam works, in general. Arguably, the article develops a clear glimpse that the exponential interest of the Sufi books among the non-Muslims is an exemplification that this literature of Islam serves beyond analyzing the kindred between God and man. Rather, it includes the entire humanity without the focus on the religious backgrounds of the audience hence expressing universality. The author manages to prove her point that despite people having mixed reactions of the Sufis, the piece is significantly meant for the Muslim audience. The sentiments of the Sufis about love reflect the present-day understanding of it among people in society. Mizan opines by quoting Rumi’s argument that if individuals must achieve the beloved, they must leave their specific coziness zones and challenge themselves while spoiling their reputation (152). Arguably, these sentiments contradict the societal norms that advocate respect, peace, and humanity among people regardless of religious, class, or political differences. Therefore, it is prudent to note that the author persuades the audience towards comprehending that Sufis are meant for the Muslim audience and it imparts unethical thoughts in the reader’s mind because it disregards identity.
Similar to Regan and Goneril, political leaders of nowadays are trying all means possible to gain more power at any cost and do not care about people, not even the closest people like the father in Regan’s and Goneril’s case. The outcomes for Shakespeare’s personages are tragic. In his tragedy, the great man of literary art shares the simple truth with the world amounting to the well-known idiom “whatever a man sows, he will reap it.” Regan and Goneril have sown enmity and cruelty. They have also reaped them by losing their very lives under tragic circumstances (Shakespeare 103). It seems that if men possessing power today would pay attention to the wisdom of centuries containing in Shakespeare’s “King Lear”, the world could become a better place. Shakespeare’s “King Lear” is a classic example of literary work demonstrating that things are often not as they appear to the onlooker. Although Shakespeare teaches his audience this lesson in kind of over-color manner, this peculiarity of his tragedy only adds to its value because, in this way, the author manages to touch more hearts. King Lear appears in front of readers as a man who seems to be blind. Pondering into the inner world of this character, the audience may notice why he is so sightless. The king is blinded by his egoism and thirst for being praised. At the end of the day, the character learns the price of such a fatal mistake which is betrayal and loss of everything he loved in his life. The example of King Lear is an excellent teaching model for all people who do not have a balanced view of their personality. The theme of the transformational power of suffering is one of the central themes in Shakespeare’s “King Lear”. Through suffering, even a contemptible person can progress into a good man. Shakespeare’s tragedy contains many illustrations of this simple truth. The example of Edmund, the cunning villain, who, upon the death of women he cared about, decides to revert and cancel his death sentence to those he considered his enemies, shows that even the individuals, who demonstrate extreme hostility to the surrounding people, may transform into better personalities under the influence of hardships. However, suffering does not have the same impact on various individuals. Using other characters’ example, Shakespeare demonstrates that very often suffering may harden someone’s heart, and make one indulge in violence. Cordelia is the example of a character that has undergone such changes. Upon suffering from her father’s disapproval and sisters’ betrayal, Cordelia decided to resort to violence against her offenders. “ Things Fall Apart” by Chinua Achebe The novel “Things Fall Apart” by Chinua Achebe has addressed the theme of replacing traditional Umuofia cultural values by the moral order prevailing in western culture. This literary work describes how the colonial rule impacts traditional social institutions and values in Nigerian communities. Analysis of the experiences narrated in the novel
Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV), more commonly known as domestic violence, is defined as “the use of threat or use of physical, emotional, and/or sexual abuse with the intent of instilling fear, and intimidating and controlling another person” (Rice, 2006). The violence occurs in an ongoing relationship or in one that is over with. The incidence of this problem is huge in the United States: 5.3 million women above 18 years of age are being abused in IPVs (Kramer, 2007). Violence against women is significant in two perspectives: one as a basic human rights violation and a hindrance to gender equality and the second as a developmental issue with harsh consequences to economic growth (ICRW, 2009). The global issue has been identified as growing due to inaction. IPV legal issues have instigated policy and decision makers to implement appropriate therapeutic interventions for saving the women and the world from avoidable issues. This paper elaborates on one therapeutic intervention which would work well with pregnant women being abused in IPV. The abuse begins in pregnancy and continues afterward. What treatment modality would you recommend as appropriate treatment for the problem? The patient centered approach is the treatment modality suitable for managing a case of IPV in pregnant women. It is a collaborative procedure (Kramer, 2007). The patient-nurse relationship is an active one where the caring and therapeutic philosophies are significant. If the relationship is a strong and trusting one, the pregnant woman may reveal details of her abuse. The provider must take care in enquiring deeply about abuse as the women tend to be survivors and may show reluctance in divulging secrets about their intimate partner. The need of women to make their own healthcare decisions must be remembered in this instance. This type of patient centered-care is practiced in a natural manner. Finding quick care is not the goal of therapy. The patient’s right is respected. She must exhibit the ability to self-direct and practice autonomy. The patient is facilitated by the health care staff that ask and listens patiently about her experiences of abuse. Her perceptions of the abuse are enquired into and guidance will be provided based on her goals and values. The provider does not enforce his views. The client-centered or patient-centered approach is collaborative and not prescriptive. The intrinsic motivation and guidance of resources for change need to be elicited from the patient. Describe the theoretical orientation associated with the recommended treatment modality The patient centered approach using the Transtheoretical Model of Prochaska and DiClemente
Since the Greeks were more inclined to adopt everything new, it is not surprising that many of the first Christian congregations were formed on their lands. Christian communities grew and flourished in cities such as Patras, Corinth, Thessaloniki, Philippi, and Athens. The tradition of Christian naming led to a decline of ‘tria nomina’ first in these parts and then across the whole empire (Kantola & Nuorluoto, 2022). Initially, ‘tria nomina’ consisted of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen (Figure 1). However, later Roman names were shortened and used alongside Greek names. For a number of reasons, the Roman naming system collapsed some time after the collapse of imperial power in the West. The praenomen had already become insufficient in written sources in the fourth century, and by the fifth century, it was preserved only by the most conservative parts of the old Roman aristocracy (Kantola & Nuorluoto, 2022). As Roman institutions and social structures gradually disappeared during the sixth century, the need to distinguish between nomens and cognomens also disappeared. The Greek naming system, vice versa, spread across the country. By the end of the seventh century, the population of Western Europe had completely returned to individual names. But many of the names that originated within the ‘trial nomina’ have been adapted to use and have survived to the present. Thus, it can be concluded that the Greek naming system, initially used only for slaves and servants, triumphed over a more prestigious Roman equivalent. On the one hand, the reasons for it were changing the social structure of the society, where social strata gradually became less pronounced, and, on the other, the emergence of Christian ideas within Greece. Moreover, the natural tendency for shortening played a significant part in this process, making the Greek naming system preferable to the Roman one. Figure 1. Roman naming system (Breytenbach, 2018).
The name of Charlemagne or Carl the Great is known widely. He became the first Emperor since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, which happened centuries before his coronation. Charlemagne had a lot of achievements in the field of politics and country development, education, military conquers and of, course, religion. During Charlemagne’s ruling and due to his actions Christianity became widely popular in the Western Europe. This paper outlines the role religion played in the life of the society of that time and in the life of Charlemagne. The biography of this mighty politician has been followed and carefully written down by two authors. First one is Einhard, Charlemagne’s personal close friend, a noble and respectable man. The second one is Notker the Stammerer, the Benidictine monk, who was born years after the death of Charlemagne and compiled the monarch’s biography for Carl’s great-grandson. “However much energy Charlemagne may have expended in enlarging his realm and conquering foreign nations, and despite all the time which he devoted to his preoccupation, he nevertheless set in hand many projects which aimed at marking his kingdom more attractive and at increasing public utility” (Einhard, 17). This paper will summarize the general influence the ruling of Carl the Great on the Western European religion in 768-814, in order to see how the conquests and accomplishments of this well known king and Emperor have influenced the society of nowadays. First of all, Charlemagne has started his ruling with series of conquests in order to increase the territory of his Empire. At that time the territory of Western Europe was inhabited by multiple nations, each of those nations was a pagan society. Territorial conflicts were very frequent. Western Europe was experiencing quite difficult times. Charlemagne turned out to be the solid leader who tried to unite all of these nations and finally establish the state of peace in Europe. This is why he started to expand his Empire to conquer Italian territories, Pyrenees, lands that belonged to the Moors. He also submitted Bavaria, conducted a series of Roncesvalles and Avar campaigns, spent a lot of effort spreading his ruling to the East and battling the Saxons, who were considered “the devil worshipers”, took over some territories of the Slavs (Einhard, 7). Secondly, Charles the Great saw religion as a strong political power helping to create agreement and peace between the battling nations. He knew that the economic, diplomatic and cultural development was only possible in the peaceful Empire. He had far-sighted plans that he managed to put into practice when the wars were over. Charlemagne was the force bringing Christianity to the territory of Western Europe. Finally, Charlemagne is depicted by Notker and Einhard as an extremely wise and clever man, believing in the power of education and encouraging his kids to
Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass have more in common than they have differences, yet their books sound quite distinct. They share a crucial set of experiences, in that they were both born into slavery, and lived for decades as enslaved persons. They also share a powerful anger against the system and the people who perpetrated this practice. They both use their narrative, in didactic fashion, to point out to the reader the injustices, inconsistencies, ridiculousness, and other deficits of slavery in the United States. They even share the literary influences and expectations that their time period imposed on most writers. However, their different genders had an important and unavoidable impact on the way they could respond to their environment and condition, and on the effects that their life events had on them. This could not help but operate strongly on them personally, and on their writing, since, in that era, even for women of other races and conditions of life, gender was an all-important determinant of their role, their treatment, their choices, even their survival to advanced years. As a result, their narratives, in tone, in mood, in presentation of self, in degree and kind of analysis of the world around them, reflect these differences. They also had a different experience of learning to read and write, and it seems plausible that this had an impact on the way they told their stories. Douglass had to fight and scheme and bribe to acquire his skills (Douglass 36). He associated reading and writing with the possibility of freedom, whereas Jacobs was taught in a more unstrained fashion, by her mistress (Jacobs 16). Later, Douglass deliberately tries to model himself on the speeches and essays in the Columbian Orator (Douglass 39). Jacobs had fewer opportunities for reading of this sort, indeed, having spent so long in hiding in a dark garret (Jacobs 173). Her style is lively and forceful, but not as self-conscious as that of Douglass, who quotes poetry (perhaps from his favorite, The Columbian Orator , with abandon and enthusiasm (n.a., 19th Century Schoolbooks). Frederick Douglass, places his name in the very title of his book. Harriet Jacobs chooses not to reveal her name in her title, concealing her identity under the veil of her role as a
Introduction The Market Revolution had taken shape in America by 1873. The Market Revolution was a major event that reshaped the country’s economic, socio-political, and cultural patterns. New ideas and economic activities emerged in the country during the period. A new wave of immigration became evident in the country. This movement produced new methods of production and consumption. The period introduced new methods of industrial practice and economic performance. The Market Revolution of the 19 th century affected the living conditions of many people in America. For instance, the new living conditions and social environments encountered in the country affected the health conditions of many people. According to many historians, the Market Revolution changed the lives of different people due to increasing rate of population growth 1 . Many people decided to migrate to different urban regions during this period. This movement revolutionized the conditions and experiences of many people in different American cities. This paper examines the effects of the Market Revolution on the public health of many American cities. This research examines how the Market Revolution affected the health and living conditions of many citizens in different American cities between the 19 th and 20 th century. The discussion will offer a critical exploration of the public health challenges experienced cities in America. The Market Revolution and Public Health Concerns in American Cities Historical Background of the Market Revolution The Market Revolution had become a powerful force by 1793. The Market Revolution was a major historical event that reshaped the history of the United States. This development introduced new concepts thus affecting the lives and experiences of many people in different American cities. According to different historical materials, the Market Revolution was concentrated in almost every urban region in the United States. To begin with, the development introduced new economic practices and activities. The country’s economy supported such activities. New inventions such as communication systems and transportations networks become evident during the period 2 . These inventions continued to support the country’s emerging economy. According to Benjamin Carp, the Market Revolution created the best environment for the Industrial Revolution. The author also believes strongly that the Market Revolution encouraged more people to invent new methods of industrial production. This development revolutionized the issues encountered in the country. For example, the revolution increased the number of industries that required new sources of labor. These companies required cheap labor in order to achieve their goals. New methods of produ