ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction David W. McCurdy’s piece suggests some of the many ways that anthropology can be used in all sorts of fields and occupations. What ties these uses together is that anthropology teaches people to find out what is actually happening rather than what they say is happening. People in other fields, for example, in business, sometimes lack perspective on events and situations around them. This is demonstrated by the examples from various business settings that McCurdy offers. The managers see the operation in terms of the results they want and don’t get, and how this reflects badly on their authority. The anthropologically oriented new manager is not afraid to ask questions, and find out what really happens. The anthropology-trained manager or market researcher watches what people actually do rather than merely listening to what they say (McCurdy 422-435). In the instances that this reading describes, there is a difference between the way that people describe their own situation, and the way it appears to an outside observer. This makes sense from a functional perspective, since even apparently irrational behavior usually has a function, once the observer understands it, according to Phillip Salzman (Salzman 30). McCurdy points out that ethnographic experience helps business leaders. Maybe the ethnographic fieldwork assigned for this class will help the students become better in business. This article brings the practice of anthropological ideas right into the world that most students are going to experience. This is more applicable to the work and careers that most of the class will encounter than exam
Introduction While designing interiors, it is important to take into account what feelings this or that particular feature of the interior will induce in individuals observing it. Therefore, it is paramount to reflect upon how different shapes and forms are perceived by people. The book by Gaston Bachelard is an example of such reflection. In this paper, the aims of one of the chapters of this book, The poetics of space , will be analysed; it will also be considered whether these aims were achieved. After that, the relevance of the content and its possible uses in the current interior designing practice will be scrutinised. The way in which the data was worked upon will be described prior to the analysis. Tutorial Agenda In order to write this paper, the author thoroughly read and analysed the chosen work. Because the text by Bachelard (1994) is concerned with the phenomenon of roundness, and it was necessary to find out how this can be utilised in interior design, a number of works pertaining to interior design (namely, Schittich (2002) and Hughes (2008)) were also examined in order to find what they have to state about the round shape in interiors. After reading the text by Bachelard (1994), the author reflected upon the provided ideas in the context of their use in the designing practice. Aims of the Text The book The poetics of space written by a prominent French philosopher Gaston Bachelard is a work which is aimed at providing a phenomenological reflection upon the space; the reflection can then be applied in architecture. The book was supposed to supply concrete considerations about the experience of space as a basis for an architect’s work, in contrast to the traditionally rational, but abstract considerations about which forms or shapes people may like. In particular, the tenth chapter of the book, which is entitled “The phenomenology of roundness,” is aimed at exploring the experience of roundness (Bachelard, 1994). The author states that a number of thinkers experienced being as one that appears round in shape. It is argued that it would be productive to view being as one that indeed is round, not just appears to be round. The author claims that roundness is “a form that guides and encloses our earliest dreams” (Bachelard, 1994, p. 239), apparently attempting to show that roundness is a feature of being that has some intrinsic value to many people. How Effectively the Text Achieves its Aims It is possible to argue that, in spite of the fact that Bachelard (1994) directly refuses to provide arguments for his position, instead just giving numerous examples of how space and/or being are or can be perceived as round, he is successful in demonstrating that roundness is a shape which may often stand out from the other types of shapes. The examples which the philosopher supplies show that numerous individuals may perceive roundness as something that can be characterized as intimate and kind, and, at the same time, perfect. For instance, the author asserts that “everything round invites a caress” (Bachelard, 1
Executive summary Emirates Airlines is a model of leadership and management, a primary reason why this should be the focus for a study on organizational culture. It has attracted the attention of researchers because despite its being a business owned by an authoritarian regime, its people are not corrupted, but more focused on contributing to the organization’s success and expanding its fleet, which is composed of eco-friendly airplanes. This essay is about Emirates Airlines, a part of the Emirates Airlines Group, composed of about 50 divisions or companies, and based in the United Arab Emirates. The Emirates Group has shown business skills when it tapped the east and west resources of the world, and has benefited from the recent economic boom in the Asian continent. It closely caters to the fastest growing economies of the world, namely China and India. This essay will focus on leadership and organizational culture, along with the problems and challenges the airline has encountered. This organization has a multi-cultural workforce who come from many parts of the Middle East and of the world. Cultural integration is one of the major p
Hypothesis In these modern days, acquired knowledge for professional purposes has replaced the core values and mission of social work in industrialized countries. The belief that the society has a moral obligation to cater for social needs of poor people has reduced considerably. Goal To establish the reasons behind shifting priorities from social objectives to professional social work Recommendations As a result of professionalizing social work, there should be a will to improve conditions of poor people in the society. The need to eradicate extreme poverty should not be individualized or regarded as philanthropic. Instead, it should be regarded as a need to undertake social reforms. The reforms must involve people in all classes of society. There is need for social workers to spend more time in analyzing moral ambiguities. Social benefits should be evenly distributed in the society while skills and knowledge are improved through scientific means. In her article, Bisman says “if we wish to improve the conditions of the poor we must adopt scientific measures” (Bisman, 2004, p. 113). This will solve some of the social problems. Clear objectives ought to be developed to guide professionals of social sciences in maintaining basic moral values. It can be done by both individual and collective moral responsibilities and basic values. Other professionals in law and philosophy should be involved in building moral base. Consequences Consequences may include men and women losing their human dignity. Professionalizing social work increases the need for expertise and applied formal knowledge for social interests. It may also lead to loss of moral values through development of skills and knowledge without considering the resulting moral degradation. “Those who are financially able may buy their way out of collective responsibility, paying less into the pool of public funds yet benefiting more from public services” (Bisman, 2004, p. 117). This may lead to social unrest.
In a world that used to contain many sorts of political entities, a unified nation-state mode of government is one of the direct consequences of political globalization. Their power is proved by the fact that they have absorbed all other units over time; just as the whole world relies firmly on institutionalized mass schooling, it relies on nation-states (Baker and LeTendre, 2015, p. 262). On the other hand, the globalization of issues that concern the entire humanity (hate crimes and terrorism, smuggling, and trafficking, etc.) challenge their might (Lechner and Boli, 2015, p. 231). There are several aspects of globalization that call to question the states’ ability to control and manage themselves. Sources of Tension Technological advancement and the cheapness of energy can potentially benefit the global business by reducing the price of some operations. But although the costs may be reduced, the governments pay higher prices in other respects: they lose control over their societies, which fall under stronger influences or the impacts from without (Strange, 2015, p. 232). Arab Spring can be a suitable example of how ideas swerve into the nations undermining their order. Other sources of tension include the reduction of trade barriers, which, although they facilitate economic growth, create misbalance between those who can go over transnational borders and the “human pollutants,” and prevent nations from providing insurance to their populations (Rodrik, 2015, p. 247). Economic Challenges Just as nation-states can be weakened by the ideational flow from o
Introduction The Beaton Institute archive is the major cultural heritage center that is obligated to preserve historical information. The archive contains vital historical reports that provide diverse information ranging from social, economic, ethnic, political, and cultural records originating from the Cape Breton University. The institution upholds the required standards that govern the description and arrangement of archive materials. Beaton Institute archives additionally support the development of research tools while concentrating on the provision of the recommended reference services. The foundation is a home for vast collections of manuscript collections, photographs, sound recordings, books, maps, and plans. In this regard, the archive is an excellent center for local, regional, and international research (Gordon 12). This paper intends to focus on folklore collections from the Beaton Institute. The collector’s bibliographical information, the individual responsible for depositing folklore collections to the archive, historical context, and the significance of the collection will be discussed. Songs and Ballads from Nova Scotia The collection includes songs authored by Helen Creighton. The publication contains songs of love, songs of the sea, and those of the battlefields. It bears its repository at the Beacons Institute archive. The assortment has humorous songs that are aligned with the theme of the nursery and Irish and native songs originating from North America among other destinations. This collection is unique because it comprises both the words and music in each song (Buchan 34). Bibliographical information about the collection The publication was produced in 1932. The writer of the collections was Helen Creighton who was a prominent Canadian folklorist. Dover Publications in New York City published the collection, which was later republished in 1966. Who is Helen Creighton? Helen Creighton was a famous Canadian folklorist. She was born on September 5, 1899, and died on 12 December 1989. During her time, she made a huge collection of traditional materials that were deposited at the Beacon Institute archive. Her active career spanned over decades with remarkable contributions being noted. She collected approximately four thousand songs, myths, and stories. During her career, the folklorist received several awards, including an honorary degree due to her contributions in the fields of arts and literature. Most of the books and articles that Helen was able to publish are related to the Nova Scotia folk songs and ballads. The folklorist by Dr. Henry Munro, who was the superintendent in charge of education, was the source of interest that Helen portrayed i
The creation of the euro was not a mistake. Its ineffectiveness in creating convergence emerges from factors such as differences in political ideologies, less mobility of labor, inadequate funds for the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), and the compromising of rules by Member States (Eichengreen 133). Existing literature cautioned against a union that includes the EU periphery countries, such as Greece and Ireland, during the formation of the EU (Eichengreen 125). The problem of including countries with different economic imbalances is that the same economic policy cannot fit all Member States. For example, keeping the fiscal deficit at 3 percent may be difficult for a country that has been operating with larger fiscal deficits. The country would not be willing to make a sudden change to the expenditure pattern. Eichengreen (131) explains that governments and financial institutions have a tendency to resist restructuring as an alternative to EU standards. They prefer bailouts and other alternatives, rather than restructuring their expenditure and balance sheets. One of the reasons for an ineffective euro is the inclusion of countries with more asymmetric imbalances. Another reason is that countries have national politics on focus, in addition to regional politics. In the case of Germany providing €11 billion for the establishment of ESM, Eichengreen (133) elaborates that Germany proposed that the funding be spread over a period of five years, after prioritizing national politics over regional integration. Greece and Italy depicted that they were committed to EU standards. They were only interested in avoiding to be rated as countries with higher country risk (Eichengreen 125). The situation is different in the U.S. In the U.S., all federal states are focused on integration politics. Less labor mobility is one of the reasons that limit regional convergence in the EU. In comparison to the U.S., the EU has higher differences in language and culture that limits the mobility of labor (Eichengreen 133). Mobility of labor and capital ensures that workers move towards areas with lower unemployment and capital flows towards areas with lower wage rates. Higher mobility of labor would have increased the pace of regional convergence in the EU. The single currency was supposed to create regional convergence, reduce transaction costs, increase regional output, and improve the economy of poor Member States (Eichengreen 126). Two main reasons emerge for failure to achieve the goals. Member States compromised the rules of the union, and political leaders were complacent about national politics. For example, France and Germany compromised the deficit standards, despite being stronger economies in the EU (Eichengreen 128). The single currency would have been more effective if the Member States adhered to the standards of membership. The first thing that comes to mind when a single currency is mentioned is the ability to create money by banks. Eichengreen (130) labels securitization as a threat that can no longer be controlled by traditional regulatory method
Introduction Faith and leadership in the inner city: How social capital contributes to democratic renewal by Mark R. Warren is an article under discussion. The author speaks about social capital, faith communities and the contribution to democratic renewal. The article speaks about social capital and its participation in democratic opinion, about religious communities in the Texas Industrial Areas Foundation network, about Mexican-American catholic communities, African American Protestant congregations and about some limitations to the Industrial Areas Foundation approach. The main idea of the article is that different religious communities and organizations play important role in the political life of the USA. Much attention is paid to Industrial Areas Foundation and its role in political impact in the society. Social Capital and Its Participation in Democratic Opinion Much research has been conducted in the sphere of the impact of religious organizations and political life in the country. The author of the article states that impact of religious organization on human consciousness is great due to the particular specifics of the religious organizations. “Social capital underpins democracy because it provides the relationships of trust and habits of cooperation for citizens to work together to solve common problems” (Warren 51). At the same time all religious organizations are based on trust and habit of cooperation, the main idea of each religious structure is to believe and to help. Therefore, the connection is inevitable. Different religious structures help poor and low-income people acquire some particular skills that adds to the social capital. Thus, the opportunity to get trained in different workshop professions is significant for many people who do not have chances to be professionally taught (Nemeth and Lui
Abstract Twitter application programming interface (API) is a publicly available extension of Twitter that allows programmers to incorporate various aspects of the social network into their applications, websites, and software. This literature review examines research about the API and about its usage on a number of problems. The highlighted examples include the usage of the API in gathering data for administration, medical, and scientific usage. As part of the review, the discussion also shows the limitations that come with relying on the Twitter API and the variations that exist with the different APIs, as well as the possible motivations for using them. The most common usage is the collection of Geo-location data to link content with geographical location for the sake of explaining a given issue. The review also mentions the architecture of Twitter as a system that gets better with additional usage and uses this view as a basis for understanding how seemingly independent uses of APIs contribute to the overall usefulness of the social network. Literature review Twitter is an excellent social media tool for individual and group usage, both from the perspective of the information consumer and the creator. However, in addition to its basic architecture as a social network, it is also a very credible tool for gathering crowd-sourced information. Twitter can offer location data, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates. Such information is useful for studying and monitoring online health information (Burton, Tanner, Giraud-Carrier, West, & Barnes, 2012). Understanding the location information is not as widespread as the use of Twitter itself. Part of the reason for the limited usage is the inadequate amount of documentation and research on the subject of Geo-location using Twitter and mining of online health information using Twitter (Burton et al., 2012). Twitter works well for information researchers because it is a collection of information bread crumbs. People’s interaction online leaves tiny records of their daily experiences (Burton et al., 2012). With traditional behavio
Theme: The Dodo-A cross-curricular thematic unit This thematic unit is appropriate for students in grades K and 1-2 grades. Focus The focus of this thematic unit is on historical animals by integrating science, language, and mathematics and emphasizes on the need for children to recognize the importance of environmental conservation to prevent extinction of endangered plants and animals. Children learn to explore different aspects of prehistoric organisms including the climate of the time, the uniqueness of the prehistoric animals and factors that led to their disappearance. This theme forms one of the basic themes that allow every child to explore nature and develop curiosity into prehistoric life and the essence of environmental conservation. How the pre-historic earth was like and what led to the disappearance of pre-historic animals and plants, are the essential questions covered by this thematic unit. Objectives By the end of the thematic unit, each student should be able to:  1. Describe the appearance of the Dodo as a large flightless bird, its mode of nutrition and its lifecycle.  2. Understand nature and the implications of climatic changes on both plants and animals.  3. Identify the conditions that contribute to some species becoming extinct or endangered.  4. Understand that fossils such as buried bones and other materials are evidence of existence of the prehistoric animals and plants that became extinct due to climatic changes. The specific objectives for this thematic unit as per the curriculum areas are in accordance to the Sunshine state standards benchmarks. According to these benchmarks, the writing process for K, 1-2 grades, the students will use prewriting strategies to plan and create learning ideas (Florida Department of Education, 2003. In this regard, the objectives for the integrated areas of science, mathematics, and language arts will include: Science By the end of the thematic unit, the student will be able to:  1. Describe the conditions that facilitate extinction of some species of plants and animals.  2. Describe the appearance of Dodo as a large flightless bird and group them as either flesh eaters or plant eaters.  3. Explain the lifecycle of Dodos involving hatching of buried eggs into chicks that grow in size into an adult Dodo.  4. Explain that fossils are evidence that the Dodo, other extinct animals, and plants used to exist on earth a long time ago, in spite of the fact that people cannot see them today.  5. List the characteristic features of birds and distinguish them from other animals.  6. Illustrate, in sequence, the lifecycle of the Dodo and compare with that of any other existing species of bird.  7. Explain that the Dodo’s bones, wings and other objects known as fossils exist under the earth.  8. Describe the factors that contribute to climatic changes and the implications of these changes on life on earth. Language/Reading Arts By the end of the thematic unit, the students will be able to:  1. Develop a good command of English words, sounds, and intonation patterns.  2. Participate actively in choral