ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The main idea of the essay The topic of the essay by Solomon Lawrence is the issue that bothers the majority of people in the modern world. It is the issue of collection and storage of personal data as viewed from the point of view of invasion in the private life of a very single person. The purpose of the author of this essay was to examine the invasion of the state into the private life of its citizens, to consider the possibility of the creation of the police state, and also to attempt to find the situations when too much privacy is bad for people and state interference serves certain social purposes. This can be seen from the whole essay as far as the author busies himself with the cases when state invasion into privacy can help solve crimes and regulate social relations, for example, cut the number of road accidents using video cameras to watch the roads and actions of pedestrians. T The main idea of the essay is the consideration of all the arguments of all sides concerned with the issue of invasions of privacy. The idea is expressed partially explicitly, and partially implicitly. Explicitly because we have a thesis statement that reveals the problem in general. It is in the first paragraph of the essay and reads s follows: “With vast computer network databases storing detailed information about our private lives, many of us are becoming uneasy about invasions of privacy.” The essay tells the reader about the issues of privacy invasions in various spheres of life. The authors state that all people face unauthorized intrusion in their privacy, and as London Sunday Times said, the personal data of anyone can be bought at any time for only £150. The author also describes possible ways in which invasions into privacy can prevent the commission of crimes and save innocent people from being unfairly convicted. In this respect, special attention is paid to the use of genetic data, that sometimes must be accessed but only according to the person’s consent. The usage of facts in the essay is proper. For example, the information given in the 2nd paragraph of the essay illustrates the situation specifically and gives a clear view of the problem: “That same year the London Sunday Times reported that the contents of anyone’s electronic health record could be purchased on the street for £150.” The use of opinion in the essay is also proper but leaves certain space for discussion as other people can have other opinions and support them with a different interpretation of the same arguments that are used by Lawrence. The opinion can be found for instance in the 13th paragraph: “The very database networks that some fear will usher in the
Abstract Technology has had massive impact on education. The recent technological inventions and innovations have changed the approach taken by various stakeholders in this field. The geographical barrier that existed before has been eliminated completely. In the current society, a British student can undertake his or her junior primary education in Britain, high school in Russia, and at the college level the leaner can go to the United States. The world has been reduced to a small village where learners and teachers can easily move from one location to another. Children are experiencing new forms of teaching with the help of such gadgets as iPads and personal computers. With internet connectivity, learners can easily access important academic materials online. Teachers can also use the same internet to send notes to students. Teacher-student relationship has been enhanced. The need to have a physical classroom setting is also reducing due to advanced technology. Learning has just been made easier with the advancement in technology. Introduction Technology has transformed various sectors of economy around the world. The world has been reduced into a small village because of the advances made in technology that has taken place around the world. People can easily move from one geographical location to another using a plane or various other means of transport. Communication has also been made easier due to advancement in the field of information technology. Information is easily shared through the internet and other means of communication. Technology is also making various devises cheap enough for the middle class. This means that they can easily access the information available in the internet, and other means of communication. The education sector is one of the sectors that have heavily been impacted by technological advances. There has been a massive shift in the approach taken in this field due to the advancement in technology. According to Lakshmi (2007), technology has brought radical changes in this field that never existed before. This scholar says that technology has brought major advances in education. There is an emergent of a virtual classroom, where individuals learn miles away from classrooms. This is because of technological advances such as video conferencing. Students ha
Introduction The global market of the 21st century is characterized by the gradual elimination of trading borders, increased deregulation, a greater diversity of products available, and decreased costs in communication, which lead to a more competitive environment (Forman & Elias, 2016). With the majority of markets already explored and classified as Red, the producers must engage one another not only by increasing the quality of the product but also by decreasing the costs associated with the enterprise (Forman & Elias, 2016). Companies in the domestic market have to face not only local competition but also that presented by multinational corporations located abroad. As a result, there is a dire need for better and sophisticated costing systems. Costing systems serve as important decision-making tools in an organization, as they help in placing of new products, influence the choices to reduce or even terminate products and services, and define the selling prices by providing reliable information regarding their industrial costs and profitability ratings (Altawati, Kim-Soon, Ahmad, & Elmabrok, 2018). In addition, costing systems can accurately predict and monetize customer satisfaction as an important factor for the viability of companies and their products. As meeting customer expectations for the product is key, there is strong pressure for all organizations to increase productivity while reducing prices. Thus, obtaining a way to more accurately estimate the costs of every operation has become a strategic objective. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) has emerged from the need to do so and serves as a viable alternative to the traditional costing methods implemented today (Altawati et al., 2018). The purpose of the system is to accommodate the new management systems in place, such as Just-in-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), and other frameworks that have become increasingly popular in many companies (Altawati et al., 2018). The company of choice that uses ABC is Illycaffee. It is an Italian-based coffee company that has recently expanded to include wines in its product line, with both lines of products providing a relatively equal profit. The company employs over 1,100 workers and largely focuses on the Italian market, though its products are also exported to the rest of Europe as well as America and East-Asian countries (Illy, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of the ABC system in their manufacturing of coffee and wine. Illycaffee
The efficient market hypothesis holds that the prevailing prices of assets such as stocks reflect the know-how as well as expectations of investors. In this context, it is unlikely that a particular market participant could use the available information to manipulate asset prices with the goal of self-enrichment. This concept states that business organizations provide various types of information such as straight-line depreciation, FIFO/LIFO, inventory, and cash flows (Ţiţan, 2015). The efficient market hypothesis is an essential principle for managers and investors to comprehend since it describes how funds that are managed passively can outperform those that are actively administered (Ţiţan, 2015). Notably, passively managed funds are preferred to actively administered assets since they are associated with lower costs such as expense ratios as well as management fees. Financial statement analysis describes the process of comprehending a firm’s financial statements that can help investors make decisions. In addition, the process assists individuals to know the financial health of an organization. Financial statement analysis cannot be performed in ways that benefit all investors because they understand the information such as market solvency and pricing strategies differently. On the other hand, the process can be conducted to offer critical advantages to investors if professionals in the industry adopt analytic programs as well as systems to explain the information contained in financial statements to market participants. Seminars and conferences would be the best avenues where people would be taught the implications of financial statements of companies before they commit their funds in making investments (Christensen, Glover, Omer, & Shelley, 2016). This approach would ensure that all shareholders derive advantages from the information in these statements.
The reality of life is such that often people’s judgments are greatly influenced by the stereotypes that are prevalent in society. The same goes for people’s treatment of mathematicians. These scientists usually get the image that leaves much to be desired. This paper is concerned with the works that help to ruin the negative stereotypes that people have about mathematicians and science as a whole. David E. Zitarelli in his article Towering Figures in American Mathematics, 1890-1950 dwells on the differences between the state of mathematics in America in 1890 and 1950. This paper analyzes the main features of the dramatic transformation of science during this period by the example of lives and activities of six mathematicians, E.H. Moore, O.Veblen, G.D. Birkhoff, R.L. Moore, N. Wiener, and M. Stone. These figures symbolize a new generation of American mathematicians. Their achievements described by the author help the reader to get an understanding of American heritage in the field of mathematics. One deepens his or her knowledge in this sphere if combines the reading of the article with watching The Math Life video which contains extracts from interviews with fourteen well-known mathematicians. This is a 50-minute documentary on mathematics intended for a general audience. It is divided into nine sections: Doing the Math, Shape, Working, Number, Proof, Unce rtainty, The Real World, Connections , and The Last Word . The peculiar feature of the video is that it uses computer graphics to maximize accessibility to the concepts discussed. We believe that computer animation the authors have resorted to has a significant advantage over any other medium that could be used. Every concept that a mathematician mention gets its graphical explanation that cannot but attract the attention of the audience. The video under consideration is important in terms of giving insights into the profession of a mathematician. The interviewees suggest their vision of the tasks that mathematicians have to cope with. For example, Dorothy Wallace admits that mathematicians are engaged in a search of patterns that others fail to notice. According to another scientist, Mike Freedman, being a successful mathematician implies being an unusual person capable of observing things that others do not care about and understanding them in a specific way. David Mumford claims that the absence of a pattern it’s not chaos, but a pattern itself. Illuminating comments of this type contribute to the view of mathematicians as quit
Introduction A unique thinking Cap is a company that deals in different kinds of head covers and wigs. As a mater of fact, it specializes in hats, turbans, and other types of head ware. This head wares can be used by people who are suffering from hair loss as well as cancer patients. The market for head wares and wigs has been experiencing a lot of competition in recent years. This competition has been brought about by changing market trends in fashion. To respond to such market changes, the company has continually come up with good hat designs. Advertising strategy To enhance its operations, the company has been forced to come up with good advertising strategies for sustainability. A unique thinking Cap’s marketing goal is to increase sales and awareness about the company’s products. In addition, the company aims to increase the number of repeat clients and enhance its presence in the market through marketing. Therefore, the company will employ a good advertising strategy to reach a wide market base (Joshi, 2005, p. 11). As much as its products have a broad market appeal, more attention will be focused on women. In addition, it will also focus on cancer patients and holiday goers. This approach will see the company increase sales in these market segments. Because there is a lot of competition, the company will use its unique designs to suit different market tastes and preferences (Petley, 2002, p. 9). Through this, the company will be in a better position to increase the number of repeat clients. More attention will focused on city and urban dwellers within the age bracket of 20-40 years. Because this target market has more access to the internet, the company will rely on online advertising to reach a wide base. Measuring advertising The main aim of advertising will be to increase sales and build the company’s brand. Because the company will spend money on advertising, it is important to measure its effectiveness (Petley, 2002, p. 12). In this case, the company will carry out an audit and analysis to see if there is any increase in sales (of products that are promoted like hats). A unique thinking Cap will also come up with a good customer feedback program for consumers to tell the company how they learnt about its products. Since the company will also use its website for advertising, the number of visitors will be critically analyzed to see their movements. Any increase in the number of visitors will imply tha
Introduction Most of complications affecting hospitalized patients today are hospital-acquired (HAI) or nosocomial infections. Steve Harden notes that, “one of the greatest heartbreaks in health care is to go to hospital and pick up a deadly infection from the very place you thought would help you” (Harden, 2010, p.17). More so, according to the author, hospital acquired infections are becoming a threat to the safety of many patients today. It is estimated that HAI occur in about 10 per cent (The Free Dictionary, n.d) of all hospitalized patients (Raftery, 2008, p.162). Defining HAI, Vasanthakumari says that it is infection that develops after a patient is admitted to hospital where it is not present or in incubation at the time of admission to the hospital, and it is only acquired as a result of the hospital stay (Vasanthakumari, 2007). Basically, the commonest forms of HAI are UTIs, wound infections, and lower respiratory tract infections and skin and soft tissue infections (Raftery, 2008, p.162). Several factors have been attributed to be the major causes of hospital acquired infection, which include: patients with dysfunctional defence mechanisms as a result of pre-existing diseases like diabetes, immunosuppression and also patients with prosthetic implants and more susceptible to hospital infections; hospital environment which is full of wide variety of organisms (Encyclopedia of Surgery, N.d). In addition, the micro-organisms may be present in contaminated equipment, air, water, food, dust and even the antiseptic lotions; any small or minor lapse in
Nontraditional students are those students enrolled in institutions of higher education who have been forced to interrupt their studies due to various reasons but who return later to complete their studies (Wikipedia.org). The needs of a nontraditional student are different from a traditional 18 – 22-year-old freshman. Nontraditional students need to be educated when they have passed the traditional learning age ; they need to study part-time , or they need to take care of their dependents while studying (Worldwidelearn.com, 2006). Nontraditional students have just goal: to attain a better education that will enable them to compete for well-paying jobs in the U.S. NCES reported that the annual income of a person with partial or no college degree is $ 30,610; comparatively, individuals holding a bachelor’s degree earn an average annual income of $ 42,087 (Worldwidelearn.com, 2007). There are several factors that force nontraditional students to late entry into colleges to complete their interrupted education. Some have to wait to join the college as a result of mandatory military service, stay-at-home mothers have to wait to resume college studies only when the kids are old enough to begin kindergarten, professionals have to complete extensive courses in pursuit of their profession before deciding to continue college (Wikipedia.com), some individuals who have been unsuccessful in business resume college education to train for a new profession in which they hope to have better success or some students are hampered by disabilities such as using a motorized wheelchair (Qualityresearchinternational.com). Nontraditional students are constrained by difficulties to juggle their daily schedules to accommodate the luxury of continuing college studies. They work at least 35 hours a week (Worldwidelearn.com, 2006) in order to handle cope with financial burdens, professionals have to pursue their professional courses as well as make time for college studies, and women with dependants have to divide their attention between housework, caring for their dependants and pursuing college studies. Nontraditional students in the U.S are fortunate that many foundations and other entities are increasingly offering scholarships to help them in their effort to complete their education and aim towards a better future. Some outstanding examples of such entities are the Jeannette Rankin Foundation that has so far granted more than 450 nontraditional women students scholarships, the Union Plus Scholarship Program that has granted labor union members and their families more than $ 2.4 million in scholarship funds; and the Talbot company that offers 55 scholarships annually
Introduction A contract is a common term in corporate as well as small businesses. In the process of conducting business, various contracts are signed as binding entities to fulfill agreements, failure to which there usually are consequences. In this regard, businesses cannot function without contracts; in fact, it is contracts that insure businesses, for instance, the ability of a manufacturer to deliver goods after receiving a down payment is quite difficult to determine without a contract. It, therefore, acts as a reference to agreement or commitment. Therefore every business transaction must be guarded by a contract, which binds every person that comes into agreement with the business, to fulfill his/her duties as is agreed on the contract. When two parties sign a contract, they are to fulfill their part of the bargain, if that is not possible, then we declare a breach of contract, in which case there are procedures to be followed to ensure that both parties are satisfied and adequately compensated for such events. This paper will explore the breach of contract along with its remedies. Breach of contract Contracts are binding and must always be fulfilled, however in the event of a failure, due to unavoidable circumstances; there is a procedure that must be followed to satisfy both parties. It is also imperative to note that some parties, especially in the business arena take advantage of such situations. Moreover, it is quite difficult to ascertain the intention of a party when such events occur. For this reason, any failures to fulfill a binding contract in businesses and other fields must have consequences. These are aimed at stemming such defaulters whose aims are usually to slow their partner’s progress. When such events occur, the affected party (non-breaching party) is allowed to seek remedy from the defaulter. Breach of contract is very common in businesses and that has ensured strict guidelines and remedies that are put in place to handle such inconveniences. There are several forms of remedies for a breach of contract namely damages and reformation, among others. This paper will explore the most common types of remedies employed in business practices (Cross & Miller, 2008). Common remedies for breach of contract The most practiced remedies for a breach of contract are as given below. Damages Award of damages is the most common type of remedy offered to non-breaching parties in an event of a breach of contract. This is mainly done to compensate the loss of bargain to the party affected and in some cases for supplementary losses. This action tries to restore the affected party to its expected position in case th
Many theories have been developed over the years to help us understand how and why we develop as we do. While some aspects may appear odd and limited by today’s standards there are undeniably at least some parts of these theories which still hold significant relevance. Whether we agree with all that is put forth by these various theorists or not they remain influential in the way in which we make sense of the way we develop. This paper will discuss and evaluate various theories put forth by some most renowned psychologists it will also discuss how these various developmental theories influence the way that we think about human love relations development while questioning their adequacy in describing how and why we develop in the way that we do. The value of human development theories goes undisputed; they offer a systematic means to understand the processes that define our existence. They provide a way to categorize data, compare behavior and identify specific patterns. These theories enable us to make generalizations about what it is that we understand. As such they are the basis of recognizing the differences and variations in love relationship development and behavior and thus enable us to make decisions appropriate to the stages that children are going through. Theories also provide a means of gaining insight into future events thus enabling us to anticipate future occurrences (Goldhaber, D.E, 2000). Having an understanding of how we develop can ensure a child is nurtured in the best way according to their culture and family situation (Smith, 2002). Freud’s psychosexual theories on development and abnormal behavior were controversial, to say the least. Over the years they have received much criticism and not much credence in aiding the understanding of later development (Thurschwell, 2001). Freud’s theories were largely passive and discontinuous. His theory assumed developing individuals to be dominated by their sexual desires. He maintained that one must satisfactorily pass through each stage of his five stages of development with as little parental conflict as possible to get to the next stage unscathed. This aspect of his theory is pretty much accepted although ideas do differ on whether development is quite as rigid in its succession as he suggests