ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many people must have identified the weaknesses of American Senate, commonly referred as the Upper House. It is remarkable that the Constitution does not represent the ideas and wishes of many people in the country. The most important issue to consider in this discussion is whether the constitution offers a basis for proper governance and equal representation. What this issue says is that the Senate is inappropriate. The ineffectiveness calls for constitutional reforms for a better senate that meets the needs of the people. The reforms will bring about new ideas, concepts and policies that address the needs of the citizens. If the society of citizens is capable of constituting a government that addresses its needs, then a new constitution can address these gaps and have a new Senate that governs the people equally. Article One of the Constitution establishes the current composition, duties and powers of the Senate or the Upper House. The Senate has a minimal number of members with every State in the country producing two representatives to the Upper House (Caro 24). The citizens from each state they represent appoint the senators to the Upper House. One important thing I would like to raise here is that some states have large populations compared to others. For example, the States of New York and California have many citizens compared to the State of Dakota with a population of less than one million people. What does this say? This says that the people of California and New York might not be getting equal representation in the Senate. It would be necessary to have equal representation for the citizens from the underrepresented states in the United States. This is one of the areas for amendments to have a better Senate in the country. The Senate does not come up for a countrywide election at one particular time. The electoral term for the Senators is usually six years, a very long period that might affect the democracy of the people (Caro 37). There is usually no more than a third of the Senate coming up for an election at one given time. This means that the Senate might never be able to promote the best ideas and policies that meet the needs of the citizens. We can address the issue by having the best reforms and have a better Senate. After reforms, the passage of debates and bills will remain much easier and ensure there is adoption
Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) fruitful musical output was confined to the composition of operas only and he is remembered for his significant contribution in bringing the opera to new and unreached heights of dramatic splendour, theater, and spell bounding music, which were notable for their complex texture, rich harmonies, elaborate use of leitmotifs and orchestration. The romantic opera with music and libretto, The Flying Dutchman, which he composed in 1841 and gave its premiere performance at the Royal Opera House in Dresden on January 2, 1843, was his first great success and played a great role in establishing his reputation. The overture illustrates the story of a ghost ship everlastingly seafaring the turbulent high seas, whose captain can only be rescued from this doom by the love of a woman, and the overture’s music is stirring and thrilling, having the theme of mysticism. In writing The Flying Dutchman, Wagner initially intended for it to be performed without intermission and he composed it using some leitmotifs (literally leading motifs) related to its characters and themes. The leitmotifs are all incorporated in the overture that starts with the “Curse weighing upon the Dutchman” motif. The opening of the renowned ocean or storm motif relayed in unison by bassoons and horns, “accompanied in the violins tremolo, picturing waves in motion, and passages in violas and cellos depicting increasing waves and the approaching storm” (“Overture to the Flying Dutchman,” para. 1). The accompaniments in the first motif assist in giving suggestions of the Curse and motive and signs of anguish. After the tempest in the first motif quells, the second motif is introduced, “”The Message of the Angel of Mercy.” This motif personifies Senta that is present in the opera at the culmination of every verse of Senta’s ballad, and, worth mentioning, captivating passages are also included in the horns and trombones. Additionally, the Curse motif is also mentioned in this verse. Lastly, the third motif, “The Personification of the Dutchman,” is whereby the fury of the tempest rages afresh and its stillness is heard through the joyful Sailor’s Song on a passing ship. The rage of the tempest proceeds, however, the Senta motif comes back tirelessly, interchanging with the Curse motif until lastly the wreck scene and then silence follows. The Flying Dutchman illustrates the story of the opera in miniature: “stark, fierce chords in the woodwinds and strings plunge the listener immediately into the middle of a wildly raging storm at sea as the motive of the accursed Dutchman peals out in the horns” (Naughtin, 3). The overture is one of the most impressive and enthralling storm scenes in music. In the overture, the Dutchman is a sea captain who vowed that he would travel by water around the Cape of Good Hope despite the winds, tempests, and even hell itself; thus, as a castigation of his sacrilegious pledge, he is
Introduction Business ethics look at the moral values and the problems that are associated with businesses. It relates to all business spheres and is significant to both organizations and persons. Fundamentally, dealing with morality issues, business ethics also include financial matters stretching to just how much employees should be paid. Corporate executives around the world and especially in America are paid hefty amounts of money. Some of the largest corporations pay their CEOs 300 times more than the wage of their average worker. This begs the question; do they rightly deserve what they earn? Is it justified or not? A debate has been raging over this question with the two sides of yes and no giving their reasons. When many average workers compare their remuneration to what their CEOs get, they feel underpaid. This makes them the majority among those opposing high pays for CEOs. On the other hand, business owners understand the importance of having the best person to run their businesses and make more money for them thus; they pay the CEOs hefty salaries. Clearly, this question requires objectivity and clear reasoning in answering it. Justification for Huge Salaries Business is about making money and in today’s highly competitive business world, it requires highly skilled business leaders that can navigate competition and strategically position a company to make profits. Without this, it is hard to survive the tough times and bring growth. All round the world, there are executives that have proven themselves and they are highly sought after to run businesses. Therefore, it is expected that business owners will do anything to get hold of these leaders and hold on to them. It is clearly a classic case of demand and supply that even people with the least knowledge of economics understand. Most CEOs that are paid a lot of money often deliver on their work. Those holding different points of views mainly rely on arguments of morality and maintain that it is wrong for such huge disparities to exist between top executives and average workers. However, most companies offer CEOs stock options such that they make more money when the value of stock goes up and vice versa. Views of Justice in Wages From my opinion, the three views of justice in wages the agreement view, the desert view and utility view are all rational. Starting with the agreement view, just price comes from arms length negations putting the CEOs against the business owners. Shareholders always desire informed and independent directors who understand that to get the best person to run the company, they need to pay them well and in turn give shareholders satisfac
The Stroop test demonstrates an exceptional reaction of the brain, enabling for assessing the neuropsychological functions. The assessment confirms the Stroop effect, where “the processing of a specific stimulus feature impedes the simultaneous processing of a second stimulus attribute” (Scarpina & Tagini, 2017). Responses to the examination allow to evaluate the ability to inhibit cognitive interference. The following essay will elaborate on the psychological implication of the Stroop test and its impact on neuroscience, as well as explore its influence on behavioral patterns. Definitions Behaviorism – is a psychological approach that is based on objective facts rather than subjective processes, such as emotions and feelings (APA Dictionary of Psychology, n.d.-a). Cognitive psychology – the branch of psychology that explores the operation of mental processes related to perceiving, attending, thinking, language, and memory, mainly through inferences from behavior (APA Dictionary of Psychology, n.d.-b). Neuroscience – is a science about the human nervous system and its psychological science applications (APA Dictionary of Psychology, n.d.-c). How do the Stroop Results Challenge the Assumptions of Behaviorism and Support the Assumptions of Cognitive Psychology? The results of the Stroop test vividly demonstrate the ability of the brain to quickly process the displayed information. It is an excellent tool for confirming behaviorism as the assessment confirms multiple neuroscientific theories such as the selective attention or automaticity theories, which prove that reading is a more automated process and ensure the behaviorism theory. However, from the psychological perspective, the Stroop test illustrates how a person processes the information, their ability to overcome the instincts and be in control. How can the Stroop Results Benefit Neuroscience? The Stroop test results significantly help neuroscience study human brains’ responses and their ability to take control over the instincts. The Stroop effect immensely benefited the research and confirmation of many scientific theories, one of them being selective attention. Most importantly, the Stroop test facilitates in analyzing people with certain cognitive and nervous system diseases. It helps effectively identify brain injury and plays a significant role in studies on neuroscience. Are Errors Made When Taking the Stroop Test due to Problems in Mind Or the Brain? The Stroop test can be predisposed to errors due to the development of certain brain reactions. It takes advantage of the more developed ability to read than to identify colors, therefore showcasing the inability to effectively multitask. Our fast thinking cannot always correctly react to the portrayed content; therefore, absolute results of the Stroop test can display the level of a person’s ability of controlled thinking, selective attention, and cognitive processes. Certain consequences of the examination may reveal ADHD, other mental problems, and traumatic brain
Leadership is more than theory; it is practical and authentic. There has been a shift from the traditional type of leadership from ‘control leadership’ to ‘business leadership’ (Grendstad & Strand, 1999). This has been brought about by the ever increasing organizational complexity. Businesses, non-governmental organizations and governments, have invested so much money on training leaders on good leadership to improve their output (Grendstad & Strand, 1999). However, leadership is so dynamic in some situations. For instance, a democratic leader may display autocratic leadership when a crisis happens in an organization. He or she will not have time to ask for solutions from juniors because the crisis needs an urgent and decisive solution. In addition, different work environments ask for different leadership. Take, for example, leadership in the military. Leaders in the military are authoritative, and that is what the job demands. On the other hand, workers in a university display bureaucratic leadership in which things are expected to follow laid down channels. There is no room for being creative and innovative. This paper will discuss how to solve unwillingness to take up information technology among workers in a retail banking industry. It will describe the environment and various leadership models that can be used effectively solve the issue. The work environment I have assumed a new leadership role in a retail banking organization, call it XYZ bank, in California. There are 45 workers in different sections. In addition, cleaning and making snacks during working days is done by support staff. Sections include; accounts opening, mortgages, loans, savings, securities, investment and customer relations sections. Services offered include; customer deposits, customer withdrawals, accounts opening, customer loans, and savings. It also offers investment advice, mortgage and buying and selling of shares and securities on behalf of customers. Workers are expected to work for 8 hours in a day, except on Saturdays, when they work until midday. However, if there is a backlog of work then they extend their working time until they complete the work. They do not work on Sundays and holidays. The issue and its significance Information technology applications designed for different sections have been introduced in the bank. Prior to their introduction, there were limited applications of information technology. These are hi-tech applications that are rare with banks in the states. The purpose of introducing the hi-tech programs was to keep in pace at which information technology is changing the retail banking globally. However, most workers are not willing to adopt the hi-tech programs. They argue that the
Globalization despite being seen as occurring “out there”, away from the daily lives and activities of women, the global economic and political effects have been evidenced in the struggles and lives of women and other members of the community the world over. Unfortunately, the problems have not been visibly detected due to the perspective of multinational corporations, transnational and international political organizations. As such problems faced across races, religions, sexualities, ethnicities, classes and political arenas Fundamentally, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) aimed at attending to groups with inadequate resources, political influence or diverse membership. However, according to Sonia Alvarez’s concept of “Latin American feminist NGO boom,” a number of feminist NGOs change from advocates to professionals attending to the needs of neoliberal states. As a result feminist activists and scholarly accounts have been concerned of the problems during institutionalization and professionalization of feminist practi
Introduction Guillermo furniture store is one of the largest furniture manufacturing companies in the world. In the areas like Sonora, Mexico, etc it has been operating for many years. For producing a covering for the company’s furniture Guillermo has a patented procedure. Guillermo wants to make a change in overall business through which there can achieve perfection in the part as financial position cost of production etc. The company has to reinforce its strength to increase its present productivity and control events to stay financially safe and avoid unfavorable responses from the limited community. The first idea Guillermo will be involved in is opportunity costs. Guillermo has lots of choices that were established when the company evaluated the different possibilities and the company has had a lot of compensation over the competitors. The Finance Concepts found in the Context of the Scenario Guillermo’s case study provides the possibility of innovative competitors from overseas setting unpredicted challenges on the financial situation of the company. The attitude of selfish performance occurs when all else is equal, and all parties to a financial process will decide a course of achievement which financially is most advantageous. This explains the real performance because most of the businesses connections are arm’s-length transactions. This type of self-interested behavior is shown in the Direct Materials High-End cost. It is the same in the current technical and dealer columns in the setting up of information. The principle of bilateral contact occurs when each side is on behalf of its own financial self-intere
Introduction Training programs are crucial in any organization that aspires to perform exemplarily especially in the current competitive business environment. The programs are significant since they help in developing flexible and potential workforce. In particular, they ensure that employees are equipped with requisite competence, skills, and capacity to drive operations. Training programs also enable employees to be more innovative and creative. The following analysis provides an overview of the proposed delivery methods and technologies that workplace options may utilize to achieve efficiency. Training methodology and technologies Saks and Haccoun (2010, p. 103) assert that it is a common belief among a majority of organizations that an expeditious trained workforce is one of the decisive factors of success in an organization. Mulili and Wong (2011, p. 373) further highlight that the significance of training has seen various organizations invest huge amounts of resources to formal training of employees. According to Burke and Day (2009, p. 129), a blend of both on-the-job and of the job (web-based, job rotation) training methods is crucial as they provide employees with both practical and theoretical knowledge. The off-the-job training approach delivery is significant since it provides employees the information they require. These two training approaches are also significant as they equip the employee with the skills they need to start working and the expertise they will require in making decisions. Technologies Training has gradually gained root in major companies. This has primarily been because of the positive outcome of successful development and implementation of employee training programs Murray and Efendiogle (2007, p. 350). During the training sessions, employees should always receive training materials, which will provide them with a better understanding of the theories in class Saks and Haccoun (2010, p. 105). Some of the training materials that Workplace Options will require include computers, projectors, and videos. Computers and projectors are crucial in developing and displaying Power Point slides. The slides should be attractive and brief in order to catch the attention of the learners. Mulili and Wong (2011, p. 370), the advantage of using these slides is that the pictorial presentation offer learners a clearer picture of the tasks thereby making the learning process efficient. Videos are also crucial training technologies, and may in welcoming the employees to the training program. The videos should be played before the power point slides to welcome the employees to the training program. Through the welcome video, the orientation will have a warm start and familiarize employees with the expectations of the program (Saks and Haccoun, 2010, p. 108). Cost benefits of the training program According to Saks and Haccoun (2010, p. 342), training objective and overall production of a company may increase by over 3% if an efficient training program is developed and implemented. The following analysis is adapted from “Managing Performance through Training and Development” (Saks and Haccoun, 2010, p. 342). Benefit
Introduction About 1% of the UK population have intellectual disabilities (Sheehan et al. 2015). Behavioural disorders vary due to their symptoms and outcomes on the quality of life, and the child who is formally assessed as a child with challenging behaviour may be diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism. The scope and magnitude of the problem requires a thorough investigation in the field of challenging behaviour as well as the assessment of children according to the existing policies. In the Irish education system, teachers follow an inclusion policy to treat children with special needs (Woods 2014). The Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act 2004 promotes the development of an inclusive environment for every child with special educational needs (Department of Education and Skills n.d.). Regarding the current legislation and a variety of health problems, if the child is not formally assessed, such situation turns out to be the case for discussion. This paper aims at discussing behavioural problems and the types of challenging behaviours, evaluating the role of observations and the necessity to assess children to succeed in managing the work with challenged students. Behaviour Definition There is a distinction between such concepts as personality and behaviour. Personality is what we are, and it can hardly be changed or improved (Call of the Wild n.d.). Behaviour is what we do and how we act. Though behaviour depends on personal values and belief, there is a possibility to change behaviour and act in a different way to achieve a desirable result, avoid conflicts, or meet someone’s expectations. Influential Factors Human behaviour may be influenced by internal and external factors. Levitt (2013) focuses on the role of genetic, social, and environmental factors. Burgess (2016) explains the importance of cultural factors that may define behavioural outcomes. There is research-based evidence that such genes as CADM2 and MSRA can be used to explain behavioural changes and particular temperaments (Burgess 2016). Importantly, according to the latest data, the genetic component of autism is much more significant than was initially suggested. While the aggregation of the condition in families was a fairly established fact, previous estimates pointed to the approximate heritability of 50 percent. However, the methods used in previous studies did not fully reflect the scope of the issue, which was addressed in the latest study published in JAMA. According to the findings of the study, the heritability of autism is up to about 80%, whereas the non-shared environmental influence was less than 20% (Bulman 2017). These results are corroborated by previous twin study findings, which estimated the heritability at approximately 90 percent (Bulman 2017). Genes may play an important role in