ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The American dream is termed as the chance and freedom for all American citizens to attain their objectives of becoming rich and prominent. They believed that this would only be possible if they worked hard enough. The early settlers sought freedom of religion as they had been persecuted in their home countries because of their religious and political stand. The early settlers originated from Europe where the living conditions were pathetic. Therefore, they were optimistic about a better life in America. This led to a large number of migrants to America in search of a better life. The aim was to move from rags to riches in America. The cost of land in England was very expensive and John Smith used to tell settlers that they can have all the land they wished in America for free. The early settlers viewed America as a land opportunity that would enable them to become rich (Baym, Franklin and Gura 18). Smith’s description of England and Bradford’s depiction of the plantations in Plymouth explains a lot about the early American settlers. John Smith tells of many golden opportunities in America. In most incidences, Smith exaggerates the possession the settlers would have in America. He did not tell the settlers of the difficulties they were going to face in moving from Europe to the land of honey that is America. John Smith’s main objective in describing his new world was to encourage the colonization of America by England. In his writings, he clearly stated both the problems and possibilities of colonization. He told that there was plenty of monetary gain in terms of industry as opposed to other writers who would write that in America there is plenty of gold. The benefits that could be realized from the colonization of America were clear to him. More interest in colonization was attracted by the fact that he had depicted the benefits of many resources and fertile resources would yield. Apart from talking of the wealth and other benefits he also cautioned people that only those possessing tough work ethic would survive challenges in America. He told people from England that they had to suffer and risk their lives in order to enjoy the benefits from phenomenal promise (Baym et al 19). As opposed to Smith, William Bradford gives a two-sided story making historians believe that he was more accurate than smith. He had religious reasons for coming to America. Most of his writing included praises and thanksgiving to God for the wonders that He had done in their lives. The journey to America was
Introduction Capability approach was developed within the terrain of economics in the 1990s (Phillips, 2014). The model is based on the principles of well-being and equity. It is stressed that people should be able to do what they want in their lives and be able to reach their goals. The approach has earned a significant attention and it has been applied in many areas. As far as education is concerned, the capability approach can also be utilized. Capability education is also based on the principle of people well—being. This approach presupposes the focus on people’s values and their capabilities as well as their longings. When applied to education, this approach enables people to consider their opportunities and analyze their desires as well as their ability to reach the goals set (Phillips, 2014). This approach enables students to estimate the risks associated with their learning and make the right educational decisions. Importantly, freedom of the individual is valued most and, hence, students are free to choose learning objectives and methods. At that, they are also responsible for taking into account their learning outcomes. It is clear that capability approach is closely linked to heutagogy. Heutagogy is also based on the principle of freedom of the individual (Hase & Kenyon, 2000). The focus is also made on the learner’s opportunities and abilities. A great deal of responsibility lies on the learner. Both approaches put to the fore the learner and his/her determination to study. The educator’s role in both approach involves guidance rather than instruction. The educator also helps the learner to find the best approaches or set achievable goals. However, the learner is the one to make decisions. It is possible to note that heutagogy and capability approach set similar standards in adult education and can potentially make the learning process more efficient. Article review Wang, V.C. X., & Sarbo, L. (2004). Philosophy, role of adult educators, and learning: How contextually adapted philosophies and the situational role of adult educators affect learners’ transformation and emancipation. Journal of Transformative Education , 2 (3), 204-214. The article in question is written by Wang and Sarbo. Victor Wang is a professor at California State University. He has written various works on education, educational leadership and so on. The article dwells upon transformational learning theory. Wang and Sarbo (2004) provide a brief analysis of transformative learning theory and the way transformational theory can be applied in the contemporary education. The authors provide a review of major findings of theorists and practitioners. Wang and Sarbo (2004) stress that educators develop their teaching and learning philosophies that affect the way they see the teaching
Summary of the Article “Lean production in a changing competitive world: a Japanese perspective” by Hiroshi Katayama The concept of lean production gained popularity in the 1990s due to emergence of machines that could easily replace human labor in a more efficient and effective manner at reduced costs to the firm. The Japanese firms realized that they needed strategies that would either replace or improve some of the existing principles such as Just-in-Time, Total Quality Management, and Total Productive Maintenance. Lean production involves using fewer resources to produce high quality products as a way of increasing their competitiveness in the market. It meant replacing human capital with machines, eliminating processes within production department that were unnecessary, and maintaining a highly efficient workforce. The aim of this concept was to improve efficiency in production, improve quality of the products, and to lower unit cost of presenting a product to the market to enable the firm set competitive prices. This concept was influenced by external and internal environmental factors such as market competition and increasingly demanding employees. The case studies presented in this article confirm that lean production helps in improving efficiency and lowering cost of production. Learning points of the articles related to operation management The following are some of the important learning points of the article in relation to operation management.   * It is important for a firm to identify areas of weaknesses and redundancies in its operations and eliminate them as a way of improving efficiency.   * Lean production entails maintaining a small but highly efficient workforce.   * Replacing human resource with machines may not necessarily mean lean production.   * All the stakeholders should be involved when a firm is moving towards lean production to enhance smooth transition. Critical Analysis of the Article This article focuses on lean production as a new concept emerging in Japan in the face of a changing competitive business environment. It points out correctly that Japan is one of the countries that have emerged with some of the best production concepts making their products more competitive in the global market. Total Quality Management and Just-in-Time concepts had massive impact in the field of operations management. They
Immigration is the medium through which individuals acquire legal citizens of another nation. Traditionally, the practice of emigration has been extremely beneficial to governments in terms of social, financial, and cultural development. The immigration situation has been extensive and varied, resulting in the creation of multicultural communities in many situations. Many current states are defined by a variety of cultural backgrounds and races developed from prior eras of immigration. This work describes the plot of the film, as well as the problems encountered by the main characters. Sallah Shabati is a funny movie about the confusion of Israeli migration and absorption in Israel. The title of the film, Sallah Shabati , is a turn of phrase. While it is apparently a Yemenite Jewish appellation, it is also meant to inspire the expression “Sorry I came,” which translates to “sorry me for living” in English (Kishon, 2020). The protagonist was identified as Saadia Shabtai in previous printed books of Kishon’s short fiction, which were altered for the movie. Sallah Shabati, a Mizrahi Jewish migrant, arrives in Israel with his relatives at the start of the film. When he arrives, he is sent to a ma’abara, or relocation site. He is given a run-down one-room shanty to live in with his relatives and passes the entire movie seeking to save enough funds to buy a decent home. His cash plans are usually amusing and parody social and political clichés in Israel at the time. Sallah Shabbati and his ilk are an interesting, amusing, and frequently colorful bunch, but their wit is essentially elementary. Sallah, an independent thinker, outsmarts the attempts of very well but untrustworthy Israelis to coerce him out of his traditions of not functioning and into communal cooperative endeavors. Sallah prefers to play sheshbesh, an Oriental form of backgammon, where he earns a pittance or spends time in various ways. His child Haboobah adores Ziggi, the young and gorgeous kibbutz leader, but Sallah claims the overweight cab driver is giving her 800 pounds (Kishon, 2020). This renders him more suitable in accordance with Sallah’s old teachings. Shimmon, Sallah’s son, is infatuated with Bathsheba, another kibbutznik, but that will not be enough in Sallah’s eyes. Then there are the external chores, such as transferring a cupboard owned by a prominent kibbutz member to his house, which generates a slew of nearly full disputes between Sallah and his boss, Neuman. Furthermore, there is the possibility of earning a pound or more by participating in a municipal election many times. To summarize, Sallah Shabbati and his compatriots are a fascinating, entertaining, and sometimes colorful group, but their humor is fundamentally simple. His spending plans are generally funny since they mock social and politica
Introduction It is imperative to mention that the way movies affect the population is an interesting topic that has been actively discussed by scholars. One of the core aspects that should not be overlooked is that scholars agree with the perspective that cinematography turns individuals into passive consumers. On the other hand, the opposite of this position is truly fascinating and needs to be explored. The problem is that many believe that the overall quality of films has been reducing over the years, and they are not as creative as they used to be in the past. Moreover, some of the most important topics are not raised, and such works are only used to gain profits. Directors should take advantage of the fact that movies may have an enormous influence on the thoughts and minds of an audience and individuals may have a better understanding of how to act in particular situations. Discussion The ideas suggested by Adorno and Benjamin are quite interesting because they have led to numerous disagreements. The similarity between the views of these two scholars also needs to be discussed. One of the core aspects that should be mentioned is that both of them agree that the influence on the population is significant. Another similarity that has been identified is that both of them agree that the focus on profits can be quite problematic and damages the artistic value of works. The pessimism of Adorno and Horkheimer, his colleague, also needs to be discussed. They were able to predict that most works would become very similar, and some of the genres would become extremely unpopular. Also, it is suggested that technological terms also need to be applied to the culture industry, and it is efficient to produce standard products from the perspective of economics (Adorno and Horkheimer 1017). The issue is that it may seem that this approach is highly questionable, and a particular formula should not be used for every single work. However, one of the aspects that have been overlooked by the thinker is that numerous external and internal factors should be taken into account, and any movie may become a cultural sensation. Furthermore, the impact of this film may be enormous, and it could outweigh the negative aspects of other works. Another factor that needs to be mentioned is that it is not an easy task to predict some of the trends in the industry. For instance, enormous attention has been devoted to independent movies, and they have developed a following and target audience. The problem is that some of the festivals were also affected by the influence of corporations and had to deal with criticism. Also, it is imperative to mention that creativity and innovation are highly valued by the audience and directors r
Introduction The Narrow Road to the Deep North is a chef-d’oeuvre collection of life experiences as recorded by Matsuo Basho. The work revolves around Basho’s travel experiences to different provinces in Northern Japan. On the surface, Basho’s accounts appear as normal travel experiences, but a deeper and critical look at the context reveals more than that presumption. The book is an account of Basho’s traveling experiences when he sets out on a journey towards the northern provinces of Japan. A deep-seated desire troubles Basho’s heart and it cannot let him stay at home. He has to travel and experience nature and perhaps rejuvenate, inspire, and sharpen his writing artistry. This paper explores Basho’s motivations for travel when he begins the journey coupled with how it fits in with his religious sensibility. The paper also highlights the spiritual goals that Basho tries to meet by having this journey. Finally, the paper highlights how Basho’s concept of travel and writing compares with the memoir-writing of Lady Sarashina coupled with the common themes that unite these writers. Basho’s motivations for travel One for the main motivations for Basho, before he begins the journey, is the need for spiritual enlightenment. Shortly after arriving from his previous journey, Basho writes a poem that reveals a troubled soul. Part of the poem reads that as the wind swings the Basho tree, his inside freezes, and he weeps while surrounded by the darkness that defines the night. This poem clearly highlights that Basho is a troubled man. He does not get contentment or derive pleasure from his current way of living. At the start of the journey, he notes that perhaps the gods have invaded his soul and created an internal turmoil that deprives him of peace and tranquility. He also claims that somehow, images from the roadside are beckoning him from all over the world, and thus he concludes that he cannot afford to stay at home any longer ( Narrow Road, p. 97). This confession gives a two-pronged theme behind Basho’s travel motivation. The first one is the spiritual side, where the gods are troubling his soul, thus nudging him to travel to new places for enlightenment. The second aspect is an adventure. The phrase “roadside images” is used here symbolically to highlight the adventurous side of this journey. Conventionally, the adventure involves visiting new places where the traveler sees new things coupled with having novel experiences. The third motivation hinges on the perspective that Basho views life as a journey that has to be traveled constantly. In the opening paragraph of the travelogue, Basho notes time is a traveler in the continuum of eternity. Based on this understanding, he insinuates that people are born, live, and die on the roadside of time, which is a traveler. He posits, “There are a great number of ancients, too, who died on the road. I have been tempted for a long time by the cloud-moving wind – filled with a strong desire to wander” ( Narrow
For a long time, studies linking religion and films have focused on describing the fidelity of films to religious texts, or their worth as tools in religious ministries and missions. In reality, films have been used to either portray religion as it was in the past, is currently or is expected to be in the future. Additionally, religious entities have used films to further their belief while some entities use films to criticize religion. Either way, the link is undeniable. In Ostwalt (1998), the author notes how watching the Seventh seal opened him to the idea of suing films as an extension in teaching religion. This basically affirms the existence of a factual link between religion and films worth using in expounding on religious issues to learners. The author highlights a number of benefits in using films can be used in teaching religion within classroom settings. These include student empowerment, instructiveness and motivation. He further notes that there quite a significant number of films which treat religion in a manner which elicits debate and as such open an avenue for evaluation of religion in depth (Ostwalt, 1998). For instance, he cites the Last Temptation of Christ, Jesus of Montreal, as well as the Scarlet Letter, among others (Ostwalt, 1998). Even then, there is no love lost between films and religion; some implicitly advance the role of religion in social well-being. It’s not only Ostwalt who acknowledges the link between religion and films, Lindvall (2004) provides a more detailed coverage of the relationship between religion and films. In the research, Lindvall, a lecturer at Duke Divinity School highlights how religion has been treated in films and vice-versa. From the satirical portrayals of the biblical stories in films, the use of films to represent contemporary religions, the representation
Introduction Creative management cuts across Arts management and Administrative management. This form of management incorporates creative decision making which is at the core of both strategic planning and decision making. Decision making is therefore a very significant tool in any organization (Lieberman & Montgomery, 2007, p. 45) Creative Decision Making A lot of strategic planning tends to tilt more on the organizational structure whereas decision making is more concerned about the utilization of the available funds to administer certain projects within organizations. Therefore, Creative Decision making comes into play so as to combine these two levels in order to come-up with a comprehensive plan that is well thought out and is viable to the organization, in short-run and long-run. Strategic planning in creative decision making revolves around the current needs of the company and the opportunities available within the organization’s external environment thus creating the need for a SWOT analysis (Marrapodi, 2003, p. 6). The plan also maintains a correlation between the available capital or finances for spearheading the projects within organizations which have to be prioritized in terms of investment return levels and the nature of the environmental trends such as technological, ecological, economic and social factors. According to Lieberman & Montgomery (2007, p. 52), creative decision making provides a platform for the managers and decision makers to lay their cards on the table, cr
Summary of the Case Quantum Corporation manufactures and markets computer hard disk devices throughout the world. The company has managed to maintain profitability since its formation in 1980. It has achieved this mainly through its differentiation strategy that focuses on high quality. The HR strategy at Quantum is one of its strongest areas, with the critical dimensions being quality, time-to-volume, as well as being easy to collaborate with in terms of business. The HR singles out increase in the company’s value, increase in market share, and building an extraordinary work environment as Quantum’s operational goals. Important behaviours have been identified to enable employees achieve the corporate target of maintaining a competitive edge over the rival firms in the industry. Emphasis has been placed in teamwork efforts instead of individual performance in order to ensure targets are achieved speedily. The computer peripherals industry is characterised by short product life cycles owing to the fast-paced nature of the overall information technology industry. Performance of teams is managed in five main stages that include planning, coaching, performance review, as well as developing and rewarding the employees. The integration of IT capabilities in the firm’s HR function has seen the successful establishment of a human resource information system (HRIS). This, in turn, has enhanced automation of staffing and other performance management tools, thereby improving on quality performance. Quantum, however,
Introduction Over the past 112 year, the Olympic Games is held after every four years. This event offers the host city opportunities to become the center of global interest. Several reasons prompt cities to stage the prestigious Games. They cover several sporting activities, and billions of people attend the event. Further, the games provide a unique opportunity for governments and industries to budget hidden agendas such as improvement of sports infrastructure, housing, communication, traffics among other areas. The organization of the Games is a multifaceted complex project because it encompasses political, cultural, ecological and social issues. Even though many of these issues have no economic aims, they remain closely related to economic issues for the reason that they have an economic impact on the host city (Holger, 2004, p.1). Host cities are also keen on the net benefit that will accrue to their countries after the event. This work discusses the 2012 London Olympic Games. It focuses on the economic impact assessment and the economic impact of the event. Further, it discusses the coopetition strategy which can be used by firms before and even after the event. Finally, it talks about the benefits and shortcomings of coopetition. Cost of the Games It is reasonable to presuppose that only large cities of the world are well equipped to host the gigantic Olympic Games. This is for the reason that small cities often have budgets that are overwrought and are therefore are not able to provide sufficient Olympic infrastructure without massive public investment (Holger, 2004, p.1). The cost of hosting the prominent event requires billions of shillings. As outlined in the British library, Sports and society (2011), the current budget for the London 2012 Olympics is at £9.35 billion. This amount includes a contingency fund of £2.7 billion. The government will directly contribute £6 billion towards the Games. The budget is set to increase due to the global financial crisis (British library, Sports and society, 2011, p.1) Funding of the Games Due to the scarcity of capital to invest in the multibillion prestigious event, capital can be obtained from two major sources. The event may be financed by either public funds (by use of public funds-tax payers’ money) or private shares (contribution by private sources such Organizing Committee of Olympic Games-OCOG). There have been various criticisms as to exclusive use of either source of financing and in the near future, Games will be financed neither with a completely public share nor with a completely private share. The objections to use of public financing are, first, private investors have become more important and willing to fund compared with the past and the rising costs of the Games may cause more severe protests by Olympic opponents if they are exclusively funded by tax revenues. As much as private financing allows for flexibility, quick reaction to new situations and p