ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Capital budgeting is seen as one of the methods for assessing the strategic value of investing in assets like plants and machinery. This is important since there occurs a fund lockup due to money invested in assets and the management needs to assess the benefits derivable from the use of machinery as against its costs and benefits. In this context, it is also seen that the funds that could be invested in the purchase of assets could be either the company’s own funds or loan funds. If loan funds are used, the element of interest and servicing of loans are also important considerations, since they impinge upon final costs. Complexities of Capital budgeting The complexities with respect to capital budgeting could arise due to either over investments in assets or under investments in assets. Both these aspects need careful consideration. If there are over investments, there would be more loan interest servicing to be done, if outside funds are used for asset acquisition. In case internal funds are used, it would deplete the funds due to stakeholders for future dividend payouts. Again over investments in assets bring in more charges on the Depreciation account and Asset Maintenance / servicing account. (Brigham and Ehrhardt, P 502). This would further erode profits and reduce dividends to stakeholders. Also, assets may not
This is a short story from the bulk of the tales that have been narrated in the One Thousand and One Nights in the sixteenth century. The collection is also referred to as The Arabian Nights Entertainment. Most of the editors of the short stories claim that there was a certain king in Persia in medieval times. At a point he realizes that the wife of his brother was unfaithful to the husband and even before the shock is over, he discovers that his wife was no exception. He was so hurt and decides to have her killed. From there henceforth his perception of women changes and feels that all women were unfaithful and therefore decides to marry virgins and executing them the following day saying he didn’t want them to have an opportunity of cheating on him. In the process, he marries a wife named Scheheherazade who hailed from a noble family. Knowing her execution was in the following day she started to narrate a story which she leaves in suspense for the following night and this forces the king to keep on postponing the execution every night till the nights were a thousand and one. It was on one of those nights that she narrated the story of a woman who happened to have five men all in love with her. The story is about a woman who happened to be married to a man who used to travel most of the time and leave the wife unattended. At one point, the woman who was born in the merchant’s household happened to fall in love with one of the men who were born in the same household. One day the young lover was jailed for having quarreled with another person (Brians 1). The woman decides to place a petition and hence dresses to her best and moves to the king’s palace where she encounters four men who were the senior person in the state and were in a position to have the young man released but they decide to take advantage of her. They all love her and want to have a romantic affair to
In relation to the field of psychology, persuasion can be defined as the specific act or process of convincing people to change their visions or ideas regarding the viewpoint proposed by the partner in communication (Kumkale & Albarracín, 2004). Furthermore, those persons who try to persuade the other people are inclined to make the opponents believe and share definite visions. From this point, persuasion is the complex process during which persons intend to manipulate the arguments which can be discussed by the opponents as rather credible or persuasive (Kumkale & Albarracín, 2004). In this case, persuasion is the complex act because people are oriented to using not only logic while developing their arguments but also emotional component in order to make the speech more convincing and appealing (Powers, 2007). The process of persuasion can be also based on the use of different tools and symbols such as the verbal techniques or visual signs in order to achieve the goal of persuasion. Focusing on all the above-mentioned details, it is necessary to pay attention to the extended definition of persuasion as the complex process or act during which a person intends to convince the other man to change the vision, share the idea, or do the specific act discussed as desirable by the person who persuades; while persuading, a person orients not only to presenting the logical arguments in the form of verbal or visual symbols but also to the emotional content in order to appeal to the opponent’s internal motives which can make him or her change the opinion regarding t
The movie “Taken” is a significant piece that describes the hardships and pain of a father and daughter who were forcefully separated. A number of emotional scenes are enhanced by natural sounds and sound effects which add to the intensity or calmness of the situation. As the movie has a lot of action scenes, it is enhanced with both diegetic and non-diegetic sounds and effects. A sounds perspective is created for the viewer, as a sound perspective is created through the use of volume, timbre and pitch. The dramatic scene where Bryan’s daughter is being kidnapped is filled with sounds of different intensity. He tells her to go to the bedroom and hide under the bed. Even though she is crying, which adds to the intensity of the situation, she goes and find a bed. Bryan knows that there is no saving her now, but she still believes that she will not be found. When he talks to his daughter his voice is as calming as possible. Even when he warns Kim that she is going to be taken, he tries to say it as softly as he can. The timbre is low and comforting, diffusing the situation with quiet and determined volume of the sound. When the kidnappers arrive, the screaming and loudness of sounds creates great contrast within a few minutes. The interchange between loudness and quiet are very effective because they illustrate a contrast between situations and people’s emotions. The sound mixing and interlay of dialogues and the environmental sounds are also predominant in the movie. The scene where Bryan arrives at the card game of the kidnappers and demands money is filled with sounds that prepare the viewer for something to happen. These are external diegetic sounds which consist of murmuring of the criminals, the movement on the table and the sudden quiet moments. This is a sort of a warning for the viewer that something is about to happen, but at the same time anticipation that is created with sounds. Anticipation is created by high or low tones that excite and surprise the viewer. This form of pressure almost always has an immediate effect on the psyche of a person. The mix of anticipation, nervousness for the main characters and the wait for the resolution influence the mind. There are sounds relating to the formation of Bryan’s determination. The music reflects his eagerness and readiness to act. Now the sound reflecting changes in his character is internally diegetic, showing a progression of emotions. The reasons that led to this sort of environment in Bryan are hardships that he goes through at the realization of his daughter being lost forever. The sounds fill in the gaps where women are shown violated or hurt. When Bryan discovers Kim’s friend, the sound is very saddening, and is hard to listen to because it is filled with emotion and sorrow (Besson, 2009). So
Introduction The purpose of this essay is to analyze a text in relation to the genre and register used then identify the language foci that would be significantly emphasized in a second language lesson. The target learners are Chinese Freshman students studying in the University of Twain. The essay starts off by looking at the literature review, method (introduction, description of the target learners, data, data analysis and findings), and discussion of findings, conclusion, references and finally the appendices. Literature review In the analysis of a text, the genre and register are vital aspects of learning the structure of a text in terms of its function (Eggins, 1994) and context involved “context sets the stage where particular meanings unfold” (Yunick, 1997).Therefore, for learners to understand easily the lexicogrammar in a text, they must be able to identify the kind of environment created in the text and the function of the text. The form and function of a text is described in the genre analysis and this helps the L2 learners to understand the purpose of a particular text (Yunick, 1997). To achieve this, in the teaching and learning process, the teacher should identify the significant language foci that are relevant to the proficiency level of the learners (Butt et al., 2009). This helps in the motivation of learners since they become conversant with what they are able to handle, and it applies to all L2 learners anywhere in the world. At any level of proficiency, learners should be made to understand that text writers “make grammatical choices that depend on contextual features” (Schmitt, 2002). Halliday, (1989) In his theory of context for analyzing the lexicogrammar patterns of texts, t
Education can be listed among the key factors that impact people’s quality of life and are equally important to various social and ethnic groups. With the emergence of new methods of teaching that help people to acquire necessary skills, competition in the global job market tends to increase. Thus, without proper education, even a gifted person faces the risks of not meeting competition and being unable to make the most of his or her talents. Recognizing education as a human right, it is pivotal to focus on the problem of racial integration in educational institutions. This essay argues that ethnically mixed schools can be helpful in reducing unequal access to the right to education, thus strengthening relationships between dissimilar ethnic groups. Even though the status of education as one of the basic rights is widely recognized, young people’s opportunities to gain high-quality knowledge often depend on their race and their families’ socio-economic position. In her essay titled “The next kind of integration,” Bazelon (2013) discusses the success of desegregation strategy used in Louisville and based on making every school “between 15 and 50 percent African-American” (p. 211). The equal distribution of non-white and white students in Kentucky and similar strategies implemented in other states have a variety of benefits at the confluence of cross-cultural communication and helpful social links. As for specific examples, when children from dissimilar racial groups become friends, financially disadvantaged students manage to build connections with wealthier people, which can impact their future career opportunities. The creation of ethnically mixed schools supports the minorities’ right for education and can make dissimilar groups more united, positively impacting social cohesion. Apart from better career opportunities for minority students that rise from cross-cultural friendships, ethnically mixed education can help the representatives of racial majorities to cope with race-based prejudice. In particular, racial segregation in education reduces people’s opportunity to communicate with culturally diverse populations. Despite the mixed views on Louisville’s desegregation strategy, there is evidence proving that the lack of efforts maintaining racial diversity levels and reducing education privilege results in the growth of “the race gap in school outcomes” (Bazelon, 2013; Mickelson, 2015, p. 657). As a result, the links between students belonging to the ethnic majority and different minority groups become weaker. It has negative consequences for both groups and contributes to the growth of social tensions. For instance, white students in schools that are predominantly white can make conclusions about other racial groups mistaking some people’s personality traits for characteristics peculiar to the group in general. Ethnically diverse schools are an important measure helping to meet the needs of different racial groups and solve issues with the current balance of power. In the essay titled “Two cheers for Brown v. Board of Education,” Carson (2013) discusses the leg
Introduction Within the academic, government policy, and the popular press circles, the issue of corporate governance has gradually become an issue of rising importance. There is a wide range of reasons that have been offered to explain the heightened attention towards corporate governance. One of the main reasons expressed towards this end is the financial scandals that have shrouded the corporate world. Financial scandals affecting major firms such as Arthur Andersen, WorldCom, as well as Enron Corporation resulted in the loss of confidence by investors in the stock market leading to the declining share prices (Fields & Keys, 2003, p.2). Substantial financial losses would not be avoided given the magnitude of the scandals running into billions of dollars. Typically, corporate governance incorporates the manner in which an organization is managed, overseen, and headed. It takes into consideration the organizational stakeholders including the shareholders, governmental participants, board of directors and the company management (Leblanc, 2005). Additional participants may include partners, workforce, dealers, professional organizations, clients as well as the society where the corporation functions. Often, the board of directors is impacted on by the operations of an organization. According to the study literature, the impact can be attributed to the significant control over the operations and running of the organization (Bryer, 1993). When something positive is reported by the organization, all the stakeholders are recognized. However, when something negative emerges regarding the same organization, the board of directors receives considerable blame irrespective of its non-participation in the outcome. This study critically explores the element of the independence of the board of directors with regard to running organizations in the decision-making structures. The paper highlights and discusses the domain of corporate governance and within it the role of boards. The subsequent section then critically reviews the concept of board independence and its theoretical derivation. Besides, a review of the empirical literature on board independence, including a summary of findings regarding the impact of board independence on firm performance is also offered. The paper finally concludes with a conclusion in which recommendations are offered on how board independence can be achieved. Corporate Governance State corporation laws and regulations in the 1800s assisted in creating corporate boards. These boards could govern without the unanimous consent of the shareholders, much like the congresses of most states. Inherent, the running of corporations became more efficient. As the concept developed, the boards gathered more power especially with the inception of huge mutual funds and other cash-building entities (Bryer, 1993). This placed another organizational lay
Identified need and the mission statement EACF operates a medical service and client case management services program that is offered to residents of Central Florida. The aim is to promote awareness of disability and epilepsy victims through education and prevention programs. The need for this program is as a result of the fact that epilepsy is highly misunderstood, despite being the oldest recognized neurological disorder. Epilepsy is a devastating condition that affects more people than cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, or even active cancer patients when pooled together. EACF is dedicated to “improving the quality of life of persons affected by epilepsy/seizure disorders” (Carmen, 2011, p. 3). “EACF identifies, defines and advocates the needs of persons with epilepsy/seizure disorders, and plan and implement its strategies to meet those needs” (Carmen, 2011, p. 3). In order to increase the community’s response and the needs of persons with epilepsy, the program aims at educating and providing information to employers, educators, the medical community, the general public and the families of the victims. The agency ensures that epilepsy persons acquire diagnosis, treatments, and rehabilitation services as well as timely and accurate information with the aim of ensuring that they maintain their productive roles in the society. EACF’s proposal directly tackles the agency mission by “improving the quality of life of persons with epilepsy, client advocacy, meeting the needs of persons with epilepsy, and informing/educating the community of these needs, along with disability awareness” (Carmen, 2011, p. 4). Project Description The community based skill training and work assignment will be carried out by the agency’s trained employment controller. The training program is aimed at enhancing self-sufficiency. The extended program is slated to commence from July 16, 2012 so as to give ample time for completion of additional training and sourcing of funds. “EACF currently has programs addressing epilepsy education, medical care, social service counseling, and pre-GED and GED training. The proposed program extension would work in conjunction, complement and enhance existing EACF programs” (Carmen, 2011, p. 6). EACF programs includes but not limited to “Community Based Employment, Life Skills Training and Basic Financial Planning with Employment Placement for Continued Success for Persons with Epilepsy and Disabilities” (Carmen, 2011, p. 56). The following services will be offered to the clients in the following year:  1. Disability /epilepsy and the indispensable obligations of the job.  2. Disability /epilepsy disclosure.  3. Making out the work values and setting professional goals.  4. Fundamental financial planning/budgeting skills training and personal financial needs.  5. Interrogation, follow-up and what employers would like.  6. Transportation to training and transportation to work.  7. Resources for pointing out job skills training, employers and C.V writing. In addition, this program will involve the area human resource directors in successful community peers, participant’s presenta
The two movies, Metropolis and Modern Times relate the consumption of a city to its rate of production and ability to satisfy its citizens. The movies illustrate how individuals struggle to fit into a society that is industrialized and highly developed beyond their imagination. The city’s pace of production and development is so fast that they have almost exceeded their consumption rate. More so, in Metropolis the production process is vigorous as the city is based on an advanced platform for a modern city. The movie is full of authoritarianism scenes depicted when Maria addresses her workers in the course of production. Thus, this supports the scenery of consumption in the city of Metropolis since the growth rate and development of the city is so fast and in the process supports the scenery of production. Furthermore, the city’s fast growth rate is proof that there is enough consumption to support production scenery depicted with advanced machines and tools. The scenes of production in Modern Times are depicted by Chaplin and show the major difference between the scenery of consumption and production. Chaplin, who works in a factory, is overworked with the pace at which machines are used in the assembly line (Flom 23). Chaplin is poor and cannot even afford basic necessities even the ones that he takes part in their production. This same theme is present in Metropolis where there is a division between the poor and the rich among the people involved in the consumption scenery and those involved in the production scenery. The relationship suggested from these two movies is that the people involved in production and those involved in consumption are two classes apart, especially when it comes to their way of living. In the two cities depicted in the movies, there are two separate classes of individuals; those involved in production and those in consumption. The people who take part in production are not the same people who consume the products they produce. It is a harsh world in these cities since the consumers are the rich and they misuse the poor to help produce goods without enough remuneration. The poor involved in production occupy the low social class while the rich who are the consumers occupy the rich social class. Thus, it is from the scenery of production and consumption that lead to the development of two social classes; the poor and the rich. The members of the poor social class work hard. Maria’s workers in Metropolis are overburdened while Chaplin in Modern Times is driven nuts by the fast pace of the work process which he cannot handle (Flom 45). Apart from that, he is poor and even those people he associates with are depicted as poor and unable to afford even a loaf of bread, such as the girl running away from the police because she has stolen bread. On the other hand, Metropolis shows how the rich live their life idling during their free time. T
Recent investigations upon the sources of health disparities focus on the issue through lenses different from a genetic one. Notably, a link between the so-called zip code and well-being has been discovered. Zip code stands for a place where an individual lives, not purely as a physical location, but primarily as a sociocultural environment. This umbrella term comprises a considerable range of factors that have proved to influence a human being’s physical and mental health. One of the health determinants is diet, which depends directly on the climate a person lives in and the scope of food products they can afford. The more favorable climatic conditions are, the more diverse nutrition, in theory, is, although practically not all products are commonly available, which means that social groups with a higher income are potentially healthier. However, virtually everyone, notwithstanding their financial status, is exposed to various kinds of noise and pollution that are significant drivers of health as well (Tulane University, 2020). Considering that, city dwellers may have a lower chance for appropriate quality of life. Another essential contributor is the level of education as it determines health literacy, which, in turn, is critical for health-related decision. A one who does not have an idea about the mechanism of their body concerning symptoms and the possible consequences of untimely treatment or self-treatment will not stay healthy. Along with that, access to health care facilities is no less critical but currently still unstable, if any, in the vast majority of developing and undeveloped countries. Finally, social and community context is a health domain and interpersonal violence and discrimination (Tulane University, 2020). Regular outrage increases the likelihood of psychical disorders and, in some cases, suicide, which makes it unacceptable in terms of both individual and public health. Reference Tulane University. (2020). Health inequality: Examining public health disparities by ZIP code . Tulane University. Web.