ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The functions of various departments in an organization may at times prove conflicting. The functions of a department may be set in such a way that they conflict with those of the other departments. For instance, the functions of the information technology (IT) department in any organization are normally to ensure effective data storage, management, and maintenance. On the other hand, the operations department is mandated with planning the operations of the organizations while using and giving data from the IT department. The determination of how user data thus fall within the jurisdiction of the operations department. This can potentially lead to a conflict between the operations department and the IT department. This problem is solved by the Information Lifecycle Management (ILM). Information Lifecycle Management is an approach used in data management that ensures that there is a sustainable balance between the cost of keeping and managing data and the value of the data to the organization. Like any other management philosophy, this strategy is partly new but its use in solving IT-related problems within organizations is of amazing effectiveness (StorageTek.com, 2005, p. 2). The Information Lifecycle Management process includes the following: accurate determination of the information storage requirements of the organization, comparison, and reconciliation of information storage requirements with the space available for storage, and ensuring accountability of data by developing organization-wide data rules. These steps are primarily meant to preserve data but they perform several other functions as well. The most commendable additional function they perform is the safeguarding of the relationship between departments (Arnold, 2009, p. 1). The contribution of Information Lifecycle Management to the maintenance of interdepartmental relationships is dependent on rules for ensuring accountability of data. These rules, touching on both data storage and data use, are an integral part of the ILM and they are formulated within the organization for their appropriateness in achieving an effective ILM. As stated above, the choice of these rules forms a thin line between the presence and absence of conflict among department managers of the organization. It is thus of essence that data use and management rules involve details of interdepartmental communication and cooperation. Information Lifecycl
Ethical egoism is a normative theory that advocates that a person’s own good is consistent with the concept of morality. Ethical egoism also does not require moral agents to prejudice the interests and well-being of others by making their moral choices. Thus, ethical egoism claims that actions whose consequences benefit the performer of these actions are ethical. A possible moral choice in the situation can also be interpreted from the point of view of the theory of existentialism and hedonism. Point of View of the Theory of Ethical Egoism On the one hand, it seems that Nora’s impulse to copy off a friend’s report is consistent with the basic concepts of ethical egoism because she will benefit from this action. However, the concept of ethical egoism does not necessarily entail that, in pursuit of one’s interests, people should always do what they want if the fulfillment of momentary desires can negatively affect a person in the future. A thoughtlessly written off report entails quite tangible consequences, and getting a poor mark is only one of them. If it is possible to choose a good variant without harming others, then it is the right choice. Setting up a friend in this way will not lead to a good outcome for Nora: she will lose her trust and ruin her reputation. Thus, from the point of view of ethical egoism, Nora must weigh the risks and make a choice in favor of the minimum negative consequences for herself, taking into account the possibility of a damaged relationship with the friend, loss of reputation, a poor mark, as well as possible shame for what she did. Point of View of Other Ethical Theories One of the most advantageous theories applicable to the whole situation is the ethical theory of existentialism. Evaluation of Nora’s moral choice is impossible from the point of view of theories based on the result obtained during the analysis since it is unpredictable in this situation. If Nora writes off the work, she and her friend will be in danger of being punished. However, everything can go well, and no one will notice the decommissioned work. There is another option: if Nora honestly tells the teacher that she does not have enough time to finish the work, the punishment can be mitigated. Nora can also ask her classmate for help; perhaps together, they will have enough time to do something before the deadline. From the existential point of view, the very fact of having a free choice makes a person exist, which means that it is not so important whether the choice is good or bad. On the other hand, the concept of hedonism puts the pleasure of the individual above anything else; the attempt to avoid punishment and the possible benefit, as well as the pleasure of resolving the situation, can be worth deception. Ethical Issues of Using Drones In the 2010s, the US administration adopted a drone program; over several years, five hundred and sixty-three drone strikes were carried out in Pakistan, Somalia, and Yemen, killing more than 800 civilians. Naturally, questions about the ethics of using such weapons quickly arose in
Theatre or play dates back to the medieval year during the time when playwrights like Sophocles, Aristophanes, and Aeschylus among others did their works. Analyzing the difference between the medieval playwriting and the Elizabethan, as well as Restoration plays, is pertinent in understanding the history of theatre. Playwriting has undergone some changes. There are some noticeable differences. Plays including Meneachmi (Plautus and Riley 27), Phaedra, Tartuffe, and Henry V have remarkable changes. Their main structure is significantly influenced by medieval plays like Antigone (Sophocles 605) and Bacchae (Euripides 6). Aristotle, studying ancient plays, proposed some characteristics of these plays to help understand how they affect recent works. Plot: Aristotle assigned huge importance to the plot. Ancient plays were mainly on myths but with a historical fact. For instance, Phaedra is the queen of Athens in the play Phaedra (Racine 3) while King Henry is the King of England in Henry V (Shakespeare 86). The plot develops from the chorus in ancient plays -Antigone (Sophocles 605) while in recent plays like Henry V; it is built from the character’s speech. Thought: ancient plays (Antigone, Lysistrata, and Bacchae) communicated certain believes like a confrontation between gods, or gods and humans or humans against humans but with the influence of gods (Aristophanes 12). Recent plays like Henry V and Phaedra communicate political, societal, and religious messages even though some medieval ones do the same. Their messages were not the core themes of the play (Shakespeare 87; Racine 12). Character: in Antigone, King Creon refuses to grant Antigone’s brother a decent burial (Sophocles 635). Phaedra falls in love with Hippolytus, the son of her husband. Antigone gives her life for the love of her brother while Phaedra threatens to kill herself when repulsed by Hippolytus, she offers him the kingdom later (Racine 32). These plays portray a psychoanalytical interpretation of issues. Diction and Spectacle: the language used by plays in the medieval and Elizabethan eras is social, formal, and argumentative while some are more expressive and classicist (Aeschylus 3). Songs appear at varying levels in both ancient and recent plays. Works Cited Aeschylus. Agamemnon . Oxford: Clarendone press, 1881. Print. Aristophanes. Lysistrata . New York: Theater 61 press, 1992. Print. Euripides. Bacchae . Translated Ian Johnston of Malaspina University-College . Arlington: Richer Resources publications, 2008. Print. Plautus, Bob, and Riley, Thomas. Menaechmi ; Or, the Twin-Brothers. Stillwell: Digireads.com Publishing, 1987. Print. Racine, Jean. Phaedra . Kila, MT: Kissinger Publishing, 2004. Print. Shakespeare, William. King Henry V . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Print. Sophocles. Antigone . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice, 2002. Print.
Abstract The ethics, legality and politics surrounding armed intervention for humanitarian purposes have proved to be among the key theoretical and practical controversies facing governments in the past few decades. At the end of the twentieth century, a number of names: Rwanda, Somalia, Bosnia and Kosovo were catchy words in the international milieu of diplomacy. In the millennium, the problem is far from abating. This research is an in-depth analysis of the latest controversies in the international scene regarding international relations and humanitarian interventions with reference to the Libyan unrest. The research starts with an exploration of the situation on the ground as of March 19. Thereafter, realism theory of international relations is explained as the most appropriate theory that applies to the Libyan case. Later, humanitarian intervention is discussed, especially concerning its legality. Finally, a conclusion, which is a recap of the thesis developed in the paper, is restated. Introduction Political change in neighboring Tunisia and Egypt aided in bringing ensuing Libya reform debates to a climax in January and early February 2011. In the preceding years, leading Libyans had staked out a wide array of positions about the needed extent and pace of reform. The moves were facilitated by competition for influence and opportunity under the observant eye of the hard-liners affiliated to the enigmatic leader of Libya’s 1969 revolution, Muammar al Qadhafi. Qhadafi has, for a long time insisted that he holds no official government position (Blanchard, 2011). However, by all means, he maintained his hold on critical authority until of late as the ‘reference point’ for Libya’s multifaceted political structure. In contrast, that system cited ‘popular authority’, as its fundamental principle and organizing concept while at the same denying Libyans the most crucial political rights. Tribal relations and political dynamics especially eastern regional resentments also influenced Libyan politics. Through an in-depth review on a number of literatures on international relations theory and humanitarian intervention, this research paper finds that Qadhafi and the opposition groups were justified in their attacks to further their individual interest. At the same time, the paper also holds t
A voluntary help for those who are addicted to some habit which is detrimental to them is intervention. This habit may contain abnormal and destructive behaviors in different respects. Many techniques are there for intervention like motivational interviewing, pre-treatment intervention, or brief interventions. Drug addiction or alcoholism kinds of dependences are normally treated with family intervention. Sometimes all the techniques fail to get person out his addiction. Intervention method is proved to make addicted person understand the value of life and that their alcoholism needs help so that he or she can get out of the destructive behavior leading to death. By intervention person can be given cure by his loved ones who are concerned about his addiction problems and dependencies. Those loved ones whose opinions have some importance in front of the alcoholic are chosen for applying family intervention process on them. Patient realizes the denials associated with his addiction and starts to seek help in this regard (Intervention-Get Your Loved One Into Treatment, 2008). Drug or alcohol abusers have the greatest problem that they are not aware of being uncontrollable. Seeing the other abusers they feel they are alright. An honest criticism would help their behavior to set up an objective for themselves. Intervention lets a person realize the profoundness of his problem. At any stage of addiction a trained professional is the one who can persuade the addict towards recovery as it is a systematic, non-judgmental and non-critical process. However it is the greatest task to force an abuser to endure any treatment and on the other hand another major issue is to keep the abuser from getting worse by any minor mistake. Proper strategy and timing must be taken to persuade a defensive addict who grows sterner and insecure from the world around him as intervention conduction is a subtle and obscure issue (Drug and Alcohol Abuse Intervention, Inc., 2008). A technique of Family Intervention needs the concern, care and supremacy of love to penetrate the denial and start the treatment. By structuring friends and family members in a way, an impossible thing becomes possible. Jeff Jay and Debra Jay say in their book Love first that family intervention is probably the most effectual way to begin patient’s recovery procedure. Misapprehensions about Family intervention are very common that this is just an emotional ensnare but the fact is that this approach uses a lot of careful planning established on the foundation of pure love and honesty. Facing addiction is a tough process and engaging the strength of love of the family can make its treatment possible (LoveFirst Intervention and Recovery Services, 2008). Proper planning, preparation before getting started and foolproof technique is the key to successfully perform interve
Introduction The modern world can be characterized by the dominance of humanistic values, which are viewed as the basis for future evolution. For this reason, the global community is focused on eliminating all cases of inequality and providing people in different regions with similar opportunities. Education is one of the issues of concern as it is vital today. High-quality education enhances the expertise and skills needed in the job market. It gives both the rich and the poor equal opportunities in society. However, in Africa, the standard of education is a subject that has elicited debates over the years, hence warranting the need for further discussions. The main concern is the measures that need to be taken to ensure quality education in Africa, as at the moment, there are severe problems with high rates of adolescents out of school, poor quality, and inaccessibility. Exclusion Education exclusion is one of the leading social problems in Africa. It results in the establishment of private schools for elites or looking for education abroad to ensure a better quality of knowledge (World Bank Group, 2018). These facts show that there are multiple unresolved problems in Africa deteriorating the functioning of educational establishments of all levels. The central issues include lack of schools, poor working environment, barriers to education, and lack of governmental support (Hakura et al., 2016). These problems deprive a significant part of the population of a chance to get the desired education, find a job and succeed. For this reason, it is vital to introduce measures that will help to promote positive change and increase the accessibility of education. Out of School Rates The high number of children out of school remains a central challenge in Africa. In accordance with the report provided by UNESCO (2019), 5 million children in Northern Africa and 32.2 million in Sub-Saharan Africa did not attend school in 2018. Specifically, 20% of Africans aged 6 to 11 years and 33% aged 12 to 14 were out of school in 2019 (Tchamyou, 2020). Moreover, there is a significant gender divide as girls are more likely to be out of school. UNESCO (2019) shows that in Sub-Saharan Africa, the number of out-of-school boys is 14.1 million, while 18.1 million females did not attend any educational establishment in 2018. It becomes a serious problem threatening the future development of the region and limiting people
Background Lickity Inc. is one of the foods producing companies in Malaysia dealing with supply of variety cakes. The company was founded in the year 1990 and operated a number of franchised stores within Kuala Lumpur. The stores were strategically located near major tourist shopping market segments in Kuala Lumpur. Lickity attracted a number of investors in the 1990s who desired to acquire franchise store with the company since the brand dominated food market (Wood et al 26). Description of the Company The company’s supply chain management ensured incorporation of limited product line for the purposes of reducing unnecessary wastes during manufacturing and marketing processes. Their product cakes were recognized for high quality ingredients sold at affordable proportions depending on consumer need. The cakes were full of cream and served all social classes and considered fit for all occasions including birthday parties. Lickity’s product portfolio comprised of twenty variety cakes including portable three-slice-cake served and eaten instantly since the pack contained required cutlery. Traditional moon cake was prepared specially for patrons who preferred enjoying in store eating within various shopping centres. The company experienced financial problems owing to increased rates in operational activities. Such expenses included rent payments across all stores as well as increase in cost of raw materials and other resources required due to high level of taxes (Wood et al 26). Lickity did not apply modernized system within their international market communication mix. They relied on traditional means of using retailers as the only means through which they reach customers. They heavily depended on distributions through franchised stores to generate revenue. Another problem was on the composition of labour force where even students were considered for employment. Such strategy was used for the purposes of reducing cost of production. The company did not invest much in training and development of its staff and therefore experienced poor management strategies within the food and beverage market. Due to lowered costs of production and quality products, their brand was well positioned in the market attracting multitude of customers. However, the profit levels decreased since the year 2000, this was due to stagnation experienced within various segments of the supply chain (Wood et al 26). Their products were based on unique qualities such as distinctive taste and shape of which sufficiently attracted customers. However, the stated objectives and mission statement are capable of driving any company when applied and implemented appropriately. This should have enabled Lickity revive company’s marketing strategies based on global brand management within the segments it had experienced worst performances (Wood et al 26). Review of main ingredients should have been done on a monthly basis, the same to use of modern equipment and application of computerized technology in monitoring of supply chain. This should have been preceded by careful evaluation on market size, consumer behaviour towards
Market features OFT is the organization which is aimed at creating the circumstances where the customers are satisfied with the services and the business is fair and competitive (Office of Fair Trading 2010a). Considering the features of the oil market in the world and especially in the United Kingdom, it should be mentioned that the competition in the market is increasing. To reduce this competition within the market, GB Oil Limited has decided to merge with Brogan Holdings Limited. The increase of the competition was not very profitable for the GB Oils Limited which wanted to monopolize the market. The Brogan Holdings Limited acquisition is one of the ways to reduce the competition and make the oil market more predictable (Completed acquisition by GB Oils Limited of Brogan Holdings Limited 2002). Possible market failure issues The completed acquisition of Brogan Holdings Limited by GB Oils Limited has affected the market greatly, especially heating oils and transport fuels markets (Completed acquisition by GB Oils Limited of Brogan Holdings Limited 2002). Moreover, considering the situation from the point of view of Office of Fair Trading, the acquisition resulted in failure “to be referred to Competition Commission” (Office of Fair Trading 2010b). The current merge could lead to the monopoly in the industry which is considered to be the main market failure (Bagheri 2000, p. 16). A number of actions had been provided to eliminate that failure. One of those is the Highland Fuels purchase of Western Isles business which belongs to Brogan Holdings Limited. Hus, such actions may help reduce the market failure created by the virtual market monopoly and leave the competition in the industry. Whether the market has failed in any significant way If to consider the situation without the case where Highland Fuels purchases Western Isles, the market would not be competitive any more. The merge of the greatest oil companies in the country may lead to the market monopolization which will negatively affect the industry. There is already an idea that “the oil market is one for the gambler” (Moore 2010) in the world. Moreover, the market could fail in a number of other fields different from monopoly, such as imperfect information, political and economic interests, and externalities (Bagheri 2000, pp. 17-21). Whether there has been or could be a proportionate and effective intervention Considering the oil industry in the UK, it may be competed that there are a number of different companies which could conduct the same intervention on the market by means of buying other companies. Still, that intervention could not be the same as the oil industry companies’ potentials are rather different. For example, the acquisition of Brogan Holdings Limited by GB Oils Limited cannot be compared and contrasted with the acquisition of Dana Petroleum plc by the Korea National Oil Corporation in the UK (Office of Fair Trading, 2010c).
Unemployment is a significant social and economic problem. Not always positive aspects of enterprise development contribute to a decrease in the percentage of unemployed. The negative impact may be cumulative along with phenomena such as inflation external factors, including the pandemic. Difficulties in obtaining an education for low-income families only widen the gap between the rich and the poor, which in America is already the largest in the world (Telford, 2019). Consequently, the leading causes of unemployment are inflation, advanced technology, and lack of education or skills for employment. Inflation drives up prices in the economy. Naturally, the price of both products and the materials they have produced increases. Employers seek to recoup the costs of inflation by constantly increasing the financial performance of sales. One of these methods is to increase the gross profit ratio by reducing the cost of production. As a result, the company seeks to optimize costs by reducing wages and saving on various employee benefits. This unfair practice leads to layoffs. One of the vectors of technology development, which is now the most crucial unemployment, is automation. The replacement of human labor brings the company to eliminate the human error factor, the ability to operate robots around the clock, reducing jobs. From an economic point of view, many of yesterday’s professionals consider their position obsolete and remain without skilled work. A possible way out of this situation is to retrain as a consultant to maintain such machines. The lack of skills can be caused by several reasons, from income inequality that limits access to education to the narrow specialization of a company that requires training. On-the-job training requires, i