ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Biofuels are a type of renewable energy resource produced from modern biological processes, through the employment of agriculture as well as anaerobic digestion. Research and development of biofuels are extremely useful because they, along with other renewable sources of energy, such as geothermal, solar, wind, tidal, wave and the others, can be used instead of fossil fuels and other exhaustible energy sources. Not only have biofuels proved themselves as a functioning alternative to the latter, but their creation process creates opportunities for industrial waste recycling and conversion. The focus of this report is the nature and qualities of biofuels. It will study how it is produced, where and how it is used and in what quantities. The efficiency of this type of fuel will be looked at in detail, and compared to other energy sources, both fossil fuels and alternative. Finally, this report will evaluate the pros and cons of biofuel application in the society, what benefits it provides and what difficulties are faced by industries and individuals who employ it. Description of Biofuels It is important to understand that biofuel is not a novel concept, and have been considered for use since the beginning of the 20th century and the development of the first cars. For example, Henry Ford considered using ethanol to power some of his early car models. In the similar vein, diesel engines were originally designed to run on fuel obtained from peanut oil and was seen by its inventor Rudolf Diesel as a way boost the development of agriculture and economies in the countries that would use it ( The History of Biodiesel, n.d.). Diesel’s ideas were ahead of his time, as when he first introduced them the market was reliant on much cheaper petroleum. But nowadays, with the prices on oil and gas steadily rising, biofuel is becoming a much more appealing endeavor. One of the main selling points of biofuel is its seeming near-zero emission lifecycle. Crops like sugarcane, corn, palm oil, or similar, are converted into fuel. The fuel can be used in internal combustion engines, either in a mix with gas or on its own, and the produced carbon dioxide would eventually be absorbed by the same purpose-grown crops. (Carbon Cycle as a Closed Loop, n.d.) Countries around the world are already using biofuel of different kinds as vehicle and transportation fuel. For example, biodiesel made from palm oil is available on demand in countries around Europe, and Brazil, a major sugarcane exporter, makes ethanol out of it and uses it as fuel for modified cars. This is not new since traditional gas often has ethanol added into it ( Biofuels: The Original Car Fuel , n.d.). The type of biofuel produced and used in the country is dependent on the kind of crops grown by its agriculture, as well as the government policies and support. America and Europe focus on biofuel produced from Corn and Soybean; South America – Corn and Sugar Cant; Australia an
Introduction Electricity is a wide topic used to illustrate the actions of electrons and protons. The subsequent flow of the electrons forms the current we use to energize everything around us. It is important to realize that electricity did not just come to be. Many dedicated men committed and sacrificed themselves to bring electricity to the form that we know it today. To many people, electricity is ranked among other basic things like food, water, and breathing air. However, most of us take this important invention for granted. From the powering of radios to refrigerators, electricity brings about many positive things in life. However, these benefits do not come without their own risks. Electricity has the potential of causing instant death if it is not handled in the right manner. Although electricity has become part and parcel of most households, there is risk that the world will not be in a position to produce enough electricity for its population in the near future. This might have serious ramifications in the lives of all those affected. There is need to understand the history of electricity, its present benefits and uses, and its future if we are to appreciate this important invention. (Bocco, 2010) History of Electricity Pre Discovery of Electricity According to Diana Bocco (2010), “The history of electricity goes back more than two th
Introduction The poor and the blacks in New Orleans have experienced racial discrimination for a long time which has mainly been through politicians. The democrats and the republicans have shown racial discrimination by withdrawing social services or restricting them from the poor and the blacks Americans in the New Orleans city. As a result of this racial discrimination, poverty has stricken the black American community, which is reflected by the increased mortality rate of their children, poor education, unemployment, and underemployment has manifested this social problem in the multicultural city of New Orleans. How Hurricane Katrina Exposed Racism in New Orleans The hurricane Katrina that hit New Orleans in America brought into the minds of many residents the truth about their position in the minds of their neighbors. Although many of them were aware of the stand of their neighboring cities over their race, it was not easy to believe that they could still be discriminated against in times of such a disaster, Hurricane Katrina. The aftermath of Katrina, which left thousands of people dead and homeless, could have been controlled to reduce the loss of lives and destruction of property. In their efforts to vacate the flooded city, the people faced it rough. The police officials banned them from crossing the bridge to the city of Gretna; the police officials claimed that these were looters and criminals who needed not be allowed to evacuate the death-smelling city. In fact, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) were so reluctant to their duty by some saying that it was time for the city to be cleaned up of the poor African America and go back to its earlier state when it looked like its residents, the whites. The death of many was not reasonable but was a result of bureaucracy and poor policies. Investigations showed that Katrina was a natural disaster that was not so natural to be controlled, but the fact that the city of New Orleans had many black African Americans made it to be ignored so that they could perish. Racism was shown by military men who were deployed alongside mercenary groups who are believed to have been paid to make sure the evacuation was done discriminatingly. The cases of police brutality to the African American was se
Introduction As movie streaming services become more popular and numerous, and new releases are only being delivered to certain ones, users are finding it difficult to choose which ones they want to subscribe to. Thus, the company is proposing a web app to help them monitor the availability of movies and shows on these services. The Angular framework, using TypeScript and the redux design pattern, are proposed as probable choices for the development of the application’s front-end. This report will provide an overview of these elements and evaluate their suitability for the project. Angular as a Solution Applications can be developed and tested for any issues quickly with Angular. It is a popular framework with a large and active community ( Angular, 2021; Community, 2021) . Therefore, developers can obtain ready-made components and templates, then adapt them to the application’s required specifications with relative ease, reducing the need for original development. The same popularity and active support from the framework’s maintainers guarantee reliable support for the application’s development and maintenance in the foreseeable future. Angular was created with mobile interfaces in mind first, but it can be scaled to desktop web applications. Thus, an app created with Angular will natively have the look and feel mobile users will find familiar and easy to learn and use ( Features, 2021) . Furthermore, the framework allows code created for a web app to be reused in a mobile version, reducing the need for maintaining a separate code base for the two platforms. Angular allows different parts of applications to be created as separate components, which can be reused and rearranged as necessary. Furthermore, each component can be encapsulated, which means other components cannot interfere with their function unless explicitly programmed to do so ( What is Angular? 2021 ) . This allows the application’s development tasks to be distributed among as many developers as necessary, each working on his or her components and easily collaborating where necessary. TypeScript TypeScript is a programming language that can be seen as an extension of JavaScript. Although JavaScript is a typed language, meaning that objects and variables in it always belong to a certain type, which determines how they can interact with one another. TypeScript extends this feature to include static typing and interfaces, which makes it a fully-fledged object-oriented programming language ( TypeScript , 2021). However, the syntax for TypeScript is the same as for JavaScript, which means existing JavaScript code can be converted to TypeScript ( TypeScript for JavaScript programmers , 2021). Furthermore, the concepts introduced by TypeScript are generall
Introduction: Design of the Studies A quantitative design is an important component in measuring and rating the behaviors in pre-test and posttest experiments. Both articles under analysis have applied to quantitative research methods evaluate behavioral patterns and define the extent to which a specific invariable component can influence other variables. In this respect, the studies refer to linguistics as the major factor influencing other behavioral patterns, as well as introducing shits to attitude and perception. The articles are based on experimental design because the participants of the study are involved into specifically designed situations for the purpose of defining whether these manipulations can change behavior. However, the research instruments, along with the number of participants, independent and dependent variables, and sampling, differ significantly. At this point, the first article under consideration called Vocabulary Learning in an Automated Graded Reading Program applies to an cluster sampling because of the geographical advantages and it takes a long period of time (twelve weeks) to carry out the study. In contrast, the second research entitled as Self-Identity Changes and English Learning among Chinese Undergraduates provides an overview of a stratified sampling that reveals different patterns of behavior with regard to such variables as sex, major course, and age, which are not presented in the first study. In order to evaluate the relevancy and validity of the methodology, it is purposeful to define the correlation between the research design and the results of the study. Methodology Overview Brief overview of research methods In the study by Huang (2007), the primary emphasis has been placed on the selection of the articles that would fit the requirements of the research. In order to choose the 16 articles, such factors as students’ background and word frequency have been used. Introducing such computerized device as Textgrader , on the one hand, is an effective approach to define the size, the number of new words to be introduced, as well as other parameters related to the topic of the discussion. On the other hand, use of automated analysis does not contribute to a consistent evaluation of human factors, since students can have different levels of word exposure and knowledge background to memorize words and infer them from the context. The problem is especially cri
Nurses are professionals who provide care for people who are incapacitated. The incapability could be due to sickness, aging, disability or general bodily discomfort. The work of a nurse can be very demanding and challenging. The line of work entails numerous tasks and the training is critical. The caretakers have a big role to play in medical service provision. They are usually the first in line to meet patients. Therefore, they need to be compassionate to the patients who tend to be vulnerable and need attention. In provision of healthcare, nurses play a central role of nurturing the people. The healthcare system is an integral part of the community that ought to be provided. A society that is healthy and vibrant grows to be industrious and beneficial. As healthcare providers, nurses should be well trained and favorable working conditions offered. The United States has advocated for the provision of universal healthcare for its citizens. In his pact, President Obama has drawn three fundamental necessities for authentic healthcare improvement. Top among this is condensed expenditure; the increase in healthcare expenses is overwhelming finances in homes, workplaces, persons and nations and this must be put under management. Second is definite alternative; citizens should have the liberty to maintain the physician and healthcare plan they use or to select a new one if they desire. Third is to guarantee reasonably priced care services for every one; every American should have excellent and inexpensive healthcare. These outlines give the healthcare a more universal and manageable approach. Nurses are the professionals in the face column of the Obama healthcare reorganization. They will participate in a comprehensive part as crucial contributors. Be it in coping with deadly disease or sharp scarcity of general practitioners, nurse run health hubs is perceived as a vital answer to healthcare emergency. The nurses are to be used in treating the citizens who presently do not have health care cover and are not fully handled by the current scheme. This plan looks to work more with the nurse as they are plenty in number and closer to the people. A restart to the way America delivers its healthcare services should be employed. A modern provision form of principal and precautionary concern particularly for small revenue and susceptible residents ought to enlarge considerably to boost the ability of the nations overwhelmed provision scheme. A drive connecting practitioners and establishments countrywide is designed to harness the power of nurses and other healthcare providers to facilitate the provision of healthcare, physical condition encouragement and illness avoidance. This will be done through disorderly resolution such as society support concern. The objectives of a countrywide movement of nurse run health hubs is constant with the presidents call to multiply the number of community health care hubs. This call will enable a health care jump start in the American way of delivering health care to its people. The idea gets
Pressure ulcers are quite severe injuries to underlying tissue and the skin that are caused by prolonged pressure. Generally, they happen to people who sit in a wheelchair or are confined to bed for an extended period of time (4). It is a serious problem that medics try to address by various methods. Considering PICO and FINER criteria is essential and helpful for developing a specific research question. In this research, the Population of interest is non-ambulatory adult patients, and the Intervention is a comprehensive approach in all medical settings. The Control is a comparison intervention treatment: trying to deal with the problem by turning the patient or using pressure mattresses, and the Outcome of interest is the treatment process facilitating and the reduction of pressure ulcers risk. Therefore, the research question is: in non-ambulatory adult patients, does a multidisciplinary approach instead of turning them will help to make the process of treatment easier and reduce the risk of bedsores? The FINER criteria may add some aspects to this question. It is Feasible since there are many people with pressure ulcers, and conducting the research and finding enough participants is possible. It is Interesting because bedsores are the problem faced by most non-ambulatory patients, and both clients and medical workers need this question to be answered to reduce the risks of this injury. Novel: this study will expand and improve previously conducted experiments. Ethical: indeed, this research will be performed without psychological and physical harm, and patients will not feel any discomfort. Finally, this experiment is Relevant as it is likely to change the medical practice and prove the positive effect of the team in reducing and managing pressure ulcer. The main reason why conducting this research is interesting for me is that bedsores prevention is one of nursing quality indicators and a crucially important aspect of the patients’ safety (3). Since “the development of PUs is based on multifactorial causes,” the optimal management for patients “requires a comprehensive approach in all medical settings” (2). Hospitals need to treat people quickly and without spending more resources at addressing additional issues that were possible to prevent (1). The greater good that this study may satisfy is the decrease of non-ambulatory patients with pressure ulcers and the ability of hospitals to spend resources on more severe needs. Therefore, significantly reducing hospitalization and various complications, as well as improving patients’ safety is the best motivation for me.
CSC is facing a certain kind of decline and the company is selling its facilities to gain some revenue. The company is selling one of its units in Australia, Paxus, to Adcorp a service company (South Africa). 1 It is possible to note that one of the major issues CSC is facing now is emergence of new competitors. 2 Many new businesses are entering the market (including quite large corporations that were not the company’s competitors previously, e.g. Microsoft, Amazon, etc.). The company has to come up with new strategies to overcome one of the most burning issues, i.e. significant competition. Notably, competition is an inevitable part of the business world. However, it is quite a serious issue for CSC. Competitors offer more services at lower prices and many of the company’s clients cease to work with CSC. This issue has another impact. The company can lose many professionals as they can be offered higher salaries One of the major causes of the serious issue is that the company has long used a strategy of avoidance. CSC has tended to avoid competition by moving to other niches. 3 Therefore, the company has no experience in operating in a competitive environment. The company has not worked out specific strategies to keep clients loyal to the company. The company’s attitude towards human resources development is also quite hazardous as they tend to invest in development of few professionals who have already made a considerable contribution. 4 This can make many employees less motivated to work for the company. These employees can leave CSC and started working for competitors. Some claim that the company can focus on providing services to vertical industries and “move away from the commodity market”. 5 It can help the company meet short-term goals as this will help them to find their clients in other niches. However, this solution can be quite hazardous in terms of long-term goals. Leaving some niches in the market, the company will lose its clients. Besides, when the company enters new niches, it will face competition there, sooner or later. The company may end up losing all possible niches in the market. A better solution is to change the very strategy of the company that focused on niches where competition was low. The company should focus on development of new strategies to remain competitive in the changing environment. 6 This will help CSC remain in the market as well as keep its customers and/or gain new clients, which is the major goal of any company. This will also help the company be focused on further development, rather than looking for other niches and possible ways to escape from competition. With this major goal in mind, the company can make certain steps to pursue the aim. CSC should continue developing relations with existing clients. The major advantage of the company is its being a global and diversified business. CSC has already developed a reputation of a reliable company. Therefore, it is important to emphasize these advantages. Bibliography “ Computer Sciences Corporation: CSC Agrees to Sell Au
Introduction Settler colonialism is a type of colonialism, which aims to conquer and develop new territory by means of replacing the existing population with colonizers. This is an important issue for understanding the chain of situations that happened to Indigenous peoples in Canada. As a country, Canada was established through the colonization process. Indigenous Canadians, or Aboriginal Canadians, or First Peoples, were assimilated, abused, and subjected to genocide. This is evidenced by the interview of the Anishinabek (group of people related to the Indigenous) woman who calls herself Matilda Martin or Ogimaamaashiik. With the help of her recorded interview, it is possible to suggest that understanding Indigenous history in Canada starts with the notion of colonialism. Indigenous People’s History Ogimaamaashiik told about her educational experience; she attended a school located across the Ontario border. Her school’s policy was turned to the residential school, which meant that Indigenous pupils would be separated from their families. She claimed that settlers tried to “civilize” the Indigenous and to “wash out the ways of Indigenous life”. It was reported about “physical, emotional, and sexual violence that reinforced the broader violence of Indigenous disempowerment in Canada” by Hope MacLean, who conducted an aboriginal experiment in Methodist schools of Upper Canada. 1 One of the most significant personas, a key figure in the fight for the independence of the Indigenous race, was Gabriel Dumont. The political freedom of Indigenous Metis people became a concern of Dumont, Metis chief who led the North-West Resistance in 1885. He was elected as “hunt chief of the Saskatchewan Metis” because he notified the population about declining buffalo herds in the country. When the number of migrants from Ontario increased rapidly, the Canadian government decided to build a railroad through Saskatchewan and to hand the nearby lands out to migrants and colonists. On March 24th, 1884, it was decided by the group of Metis to approach Louis Riel who was considered to be an adept “in dealing with Canada”. Finally, Riel and Dumont established a friendship based on a common aim – to protect the lands, rights, and freedoms of the Indigenous. Metis organized a self-made temporary government where Dumont was elected as a leader. His enemies had to admit his high-level leadership skills of Dumont. Finally, insurrectionists were defeated in the last fight, which occurred in Batoche in 1885. Gabriel Dumont left for the United States later. It is also vital to take into consideration Treaty No. 6 which was signed in 1876 at Fort Pitt, Saskatchewan. The document promised to protect Indians’ self-government and to preserve their cultural, religious, agricultural, and social values. In addition, this treaty stated the necessity of a medicine chest in every house. However, the treaty was misunderstood by some percentage of the populat