ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Insurance is generally regarded as a form of risk management where in it is used to get around against the risk of a conditional loss. It is definite that insurance is a form of an equitable transfer of the risk of a loss. There have been a lot of companies who sell insurance. The insurance rate though is vital for the determination of the amount which is called as the premium which has to be changed for a particular amount of an insurance coverage. The practice of considering and controlling the risk has progressed as a distinct field of study and practice as a risk management (Lynch, 1992). In some cases, insurance can be visible in a synchronized manner with the appearance of human society. In a particular economy and community such as Japan, it can be seen that insurance largely helps people. As such, Sompo Japan Insurance Incorporation is one of the Japanese’s insurance companies. It ranks second as the largest property insurance company in Japan. Its name, Sompo, depicts the literal meaning of ‘property insurance’. The company though offers a set of financial services that includes life insurance, securities, management of the assets and venture capital business. Discussion In retrospect, the first insurance company of Japan in 1887. The company had worked hard in order to establish an awareness of fire insurance and develop offices on the same year that the company was put up. Apparently, as years past by, Sompo Japan acquired the evolution of Taisei Fire and Marine insurance in the year 2002. Insurance in the modern times such as the insurance in a present money economy where in insurance is part of the financial area; the techniques that are used in distributing risk prevailed in Asia, Chinese in particular. This is apparent to the recognition of other countries over the years of evolution and modernism. Accordingly, the international operations of Japan comprise of its offices and subsidiaries in almost 28 countries giving an insurance services and risk management proficiency. The company has opened different offices at various Asia Pacific locations such as in China, Australia, Malaysia and India. In Europe, the company has served the clients coming from the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Italy (Lynch, 1992). In Untied States, this insurance company has been operating at different locations though its main office is located in New York City. It conducts property and casualty insurance operations in both United States and Canada. Basically, the insurance companies relates to United States most especially through the health care sense. It had been known that Japan embraced a huge success for
One of the most significant problems in the field of feminism is that of gender. The role of gender in society has always been in the scope of interest of different researchers, who developed certain feminist theories. Judith Butler is an American philosopher and a representative of post-cultural feminist theory. This essay is focused on one of her articles. The aim of the paper is to reveal the peculiarity of Butler’s theory through discussion of her phenomenological article about gender. Summary of the article According to the report, Butler follows the phenomenological tradition and Simone de Beauvoir’s statement “one is not born, but, rather, becomes a woman” (Butler, 1988, 2). From a phenomenological point of view, gender is a stable identity that is realized through the repetition of certain acts. Basing on this gender concept, she develops her theory about the different constitution of gender and wants to prove that “gender identity is a performative accomplishment compelled by social sanction and taboo” (Butler, 1988, 3). The researcher argues that a series of repetitive acts (with a lapse of time) create gender. In other words, using this experience, individuality creates its gender. Gender is not a concrete “social fiction,” it is moving, shifting and reproducing; for this reason, gender is the flux of new activities that repeat themselves again and again (Butler, 1988, 12). Gender is realized in actions that may be considered as its embodiment. It is impossible to examine gender out of the context of acts performed by it. Also, she believes that gender is not a set of various identities, but a body that reproduces itself over and over. In a social context, it reproduces itself differently. Gender has a performative nature, but it expresses itself through it’s internal “I.” This way, the internal is directed to the external, as human gender can be expressed only within society. Thus, gender is an essential part of each identity. However, using act repetition, a body creates an illusion of social “script” and concrete identities (Butler, 1988, 15). According to Butler, this is a starting point in female and male relationships. Besides, she pays attention to the essence of language context. Social expectations and social norms are integrative parts of any gender. The researcher states that gender is neither a given fact nor the cultural meanings imposed upon a body. Reproduction of gendered identities is realized through act performance and certain relationships. In this context, she pays much attention to the binary nature of heterosexual relationships. Developing her feminist theory, Butler thinks that feminist theories were rather successful because they try “to rewrite the history of culture in terms which acknowledge the presence, the influence, and t
Introduction Business leadership skills are largely influenced by culture because a leader often reflects the people he or she is leading. While personal leadership traits are important in shaping leadership skills, a favorable culture is equally important. A counterproductive culture affects a leader’s ability to get things done. This assignment will demonstrate how cultural differences that are founded on geographic locality can affect leadership skills. The paper will be written from the perspective of a manager of a company’s branch that is located in the Midwest United States. The company plans to transfer the manager to head an overseas division in China. Before embarking on this mission, it will be important to understand what Chinese workers expect of a leader. This awareness is important because it influences an individual’s leadership effectiveness. While the manager has successfully guided workers in the Midwest branch for five years, it would be erroneous to assume that his or her experience with Chinese employees will be a mere reflection of the Midwest. This paper will illustrate the cultural expectations of Chinese workers by taking into account what they consider successful leadership traits in their managers. In addition, the paper will examine cultural norms that shape managerial behavior and then describe how the manager’s American managerial style differs from Chinese expectations. Expectations of Chinese Workers for their Leaders American business leaders have experienced stiff opposition from Chinese workers because they fail to relate to the existing leadership culture in the country. Paine (2010) observes that expatriate managers to China often lack the repertoire of skills required to work in the country. One of the important traits that executives who wish to work in China must master is the ability to relate to workers at a personal level (Feldman, 2014). Paine (2010) asserts that workers in China value a personable approach, for instance, when the executive displays a caring attitude. Chinese workers appreciate when managers show interest in their personal l
There is a great number of people on over planet. Every human being is a unique creature that has its own traditions and beliefs. That is why there is a great number of different religions which try to satisfy peoples need in God. Buddhism is one of them. He is mainly spread on the East of our planet, that is why it is not surprising that it is one of the most popular and recognized religions all over the world, as the majority of people live in heavily populated areas on the East. Moreover, it is one of the most ancient religions, which can be traced to Ancient India. Buddhism is a very peaceful religion that respects life in all of its aspects. First of all, Buddhism is famous for its unique understanding of life and nature. According to this teaching life and existence, “both animate and inanimate, is in a dynamic state of flux” (“Buddhism. A Way of Life” para. 4 ). There is an eternal cycle that consists of all aspects of our life. They are birth, growth, death. Every living being, including human, is a part of its cycle. Moreover, every creature on our planet has its own soul, which is immortal. Buddhists attitude to nature and life is determined by such notion as karma, which means that all actions determine the further fate of a person, his joy, and suffering. Even the next embodiment of a man also depends on karma. That is why Buddhists spend much time meditating “in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom” (“What is Buddhism?” para.1). For a better understanding of Buddhist philosophy it is vital to understand the sense of Three Marks of Existence, which are the key point in this religion, meaning the essence of things and their real nature. First of all, it is impermanence. Everything is changeable, impermanent, starting from a tiny insect and ending with the universe. That is why it is so important to meditate, trying to understand the smallest change in this world, and change yourself according to it. The second mark means not-self . “The Buddhist teachings of not-self ask us to explore the reality of objects and ourselves in-depth like no other teaching” (Nourish para. 4). In other words, nothing can exist as a separate, independent thing. Everything is interdependent, and the slightest change of some tiny notion cal lead to a great change in the universe. That is why it is so important to be very wise and judicious and control each action. The third one is suffering. The sense of this mark lies in the idea that the existence of any living being is suffering. There is nothing in the physical world that can bring satisfaction. One of the main issues of other religions is the idea of reducing suffering, making them easier, and helping people to avoid them. Buddhism is absolutely different in this question. There is no use trying to avoid one of integral parts of this wor
Fight Club: disturbing and controversial film David Fincher’s Fight Club is often referred to as a disturbing and controversial film. Maslin seems to agree with such an assumption (n.p.). The review in question focuses on Fincher’s style and performance of the three actors, Norton, Pitt, and Carter. However, the author mentions the original story by Palahniuk only once. This is a drawback of the review as films based on books should be reviewed in quite a specific way as the original source should also be considered. However, it is necessary to note that this is the only shortcoming of the review. The author provides a brief analysis of this work by Fincher. She states that the movie is quite disturbing, but it should not be perceived as propaganda of anti-social ideas. The author notes that the story is only a specific presentation of ideas and trends that exist in contemporary society. I agree with the author, as I also think that the movie is a set of ideas and opinions that are still in the air. I also agree with the author’s ideas concerning the actors’ performance, which is one of the factors that contribute to the film’s popularity. The characters created by Norton, Pitt, and Carter are eccentric, lively, and appealing. It is possible to state that the created characters embody the ideas and trends, and even certain groups of people at the same time. Thus, it is possible to note that the review in question provides a proper analysis of the movie. Great adaptation of the book David Fincher managed to make a really great adaptation of one of the most disturbing books of the 1990s. Fincher revealed the atmosphere of the book and managed to properly articulate the ideas mentioned in the original source. Of course, the movie contains quite disturbing scenes (violence, nudity, etc.). However, these scenes are integral parts of the movie. Without these scenes, the movie would be incomplete. The story is all about life and the specific perception of a particular individual. Therefore, the film should contain specific visual sequences that the protagonist might experience. As for me, the film wins due to these disturbing scenes. Of course, this does not mean that viewers under 18 should watch the film. Importantly, it is not because of the scenes that the film may be inappropriate for the young viewers; it is all about ideas articulated. Thus, the disturbing scenes cannot be regarded as a drawback of the movie as these scenes are important parts of the story. I would also like to mention the movie’s ending. Fincher changed it quite considerably. This ending can be regarded as a more definite ending of the book and the beginning of the news story. The book ends in the scene with the Narrator, who understands that the organization still exists and his people are ready to act. Fincher could think that the Narrator could not but lead the
Evaluating and Referral Khans are a family of three: Bahnam Khan, aged 7, his sister Hamdiya aged 4, and their father, Aarash. Recently, Mary Smith, a welfare officer at the local primary school, noticed that Bahnam has few friends and looks unkempt. Mary also discovered that Bahnam did not show significant academic success and suggested that he may be neglected. Therefore, she has referred Aarash to Chisholm Family Services. During the conversation, Aarash revealed that he is aware of Bahnam’s academic problems. Aarash explained that this is due to frequent moves, as he cannot always pay the rent if the landlord raises the price. Aarash is diabetic and constantly tired; now, he lives on a Disability Pension. Hamdiya is also diabetic, and Aarash tries to find quality food for her, even when he does not pay for it himself. He explained that Hamdiya spends most of her time at home and has little contact with other children. Aarash would like her to attend Pre-school, but it is too expensive for him. He also explained Bahnam’s untidiness since the machine broke down; he does washing with his hands and has no iron. Aarash said that children are his highest priority, and during the consultation, children and Aarash showed strong bonds, mutual affection, and respectful communication. Susan, Bahman’s and Hamdiya’s mother, died in a car accident 18 months ago; she was a primary carer. Arash has relatives in Australia but has not seen them in a long time. Aarash cares full time for both children and wants to be a good father, but he feels he needs advice on parenting. He is open to receiving help and agrees that additional services would benefit their family. Therefore, Aarash is referred to receive support from services that can meet the family’s needs. Aarash shows a great responsibility for his daughter, who has diabetes. He finds ways to provide her with healthy and high-quality food, which is very important for her future health. However, his disability pension is sometimes not enough to buy everything his children need. Aarash said that children’s well-being is his priority and mentioned that the family needs proper food for Hamdiya and a washing machine and iron to ensure the children look neat. Aarash also wants Hamdiya to visit a Pre-school and thinks that the constant changing of places impacts Bahman’s success in school. Aarash can benefit from a program that prepares children for primary school and from a food service program. Foodbank Australia provides food to charitable organizations and schools that distribute food to the community. NSW Foodbank Australia delivers food and grocery items to 660 charities and schools (“Get help from FoodBank,” 2021). Foodbank Australia is supplying food that is appropriate for children, who need different diets than adults. Aarash can receive support from Foodbank Australia through one of the charities that could deliver the food to his home. Aarash was advised and informed about the food charity organizations and agrees that Foodbank Australia can provide appropriate nutrition for Hamdiya.
Introduction During the global financial crisis, companies experienced huge financial losses. This necessitated the companies to take strategic decisions that would ensure their survival in the unpredictable market environment. Governments provided bailouts to companies that were critical in the economy. Yamakawa cannot receive US government bailout since the company is a 100% foreign owned company (Peng, 2011). The head of the US operations may either cut jobs or cut the salaries of the employees. Cutting jobs or cutting salaries are the two horns of a dilemma that the head of US operations faces. Each option may have adverse effects on the company. Benefits of Across-The-Board Pay Cuts Various American HRM experts vehemently oppose cutting salaries of employees. According to the HRM experts, cutting salaries would reduce the morale of employees (Jackson, Schuler & Werner, 2011). However, during the global financial crisis, various companies had across-the-board pay cuts of its employees. These companies included the New York Times, FedEx, and Hewlett- Packard (Peng, 2011). Pay cuts may increase the productivity of employees. Pay cuts may improve the cohesiveness of employees of an organization. This is because pay cuts eliminate the need to sack employees. This would show that employees are willing to make sacrifices to ensure that their colleagues do not lose their jobs. Improved cohesiveness of employees increases their productivity. In addition, salary is not the only factor that motivates employees. Employees may be willing to take pay cuts if the cuts will lead to the greater good of the company. This may improve the motivation of the employees. The executives of the company should receive higher pay cuts than other employees. This would show that the management is willing to take higher sacrifices on behalf of the company. This would reduce the resistance of the employees towards the pay cuts. In addition, the company should inform the employees about the pay cuts a long time in advance (Davis & Coffland, 2010). Benefits of Mass Lay Offs Layoffs would be more advantageous than pay cuts if the salaries of employees in a certain industry are on an upward trend. This is because pay cuts may lead to the loss of valuable employees of a company (Messmer, 2011). The individualistic nature of the American society may make it difficult for employees to make personal sacrifices to avoid layoff of other employees. This may make a company lose its competitive edge. However, layoffs enable a company to choose the employees it wishes to lay off. This enables a company to maintain its most valuable employees. Wage cuts usually reduce the motivation of employees. On the other hand, mass layoffs may increase the motivation of employees. Employees who fear losing their jobs may work harder in order to avoid losing their jobs (Messmer, 2011). Despite the fact that this is wrong, the fear of losing the job may im
Introduction Intercultural dialogue or cultural diversity is a global area of concern, especially now that there are too many immigrants to other countries. The following is a critical review of three articles on cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue entitled Iris Plus, IFACCA d’art report no 39 and Intercultural dialogue. Iris Plus by McGonagle In Iris plus, McGonagle introduces the article with a description of how people and international organizations perceive culture. He explains that although preamble provisions of treaties often state the goal of promoting culture, they are short of an appropriate description of the terms culture and cultural rights. This is evident from the explanations that follow. He then introduces the aim of the article, which is to study what cultural diversity involves, clarify the need to promote it and evaluate the significant role of new media technologies in promoting that goal (McGonagle 2). McGonagle explains that international instruments seldom seek to describe the culture since it is a vague notion. However, he notes that the UNESCO, through the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, attempts to describe culture (2). Attempting to define culture is vital because these definitions can act as a foundation for defining the range of cultural rights. McGonagle repeats the elucidations on how cultural rights experience relative neglect, hence impacting their progress. He attributes neglect to several factors, all of which relate to perceptions about the position of cultural rights. McGonagle explains that the deliberation on whether to categorize cultural rights as an entity or collective rights is still on the air. He also mentions that some people regard cultural rights as minority rights. However, this may not always be true as leading societal groups also have extremely valid and vested interests in upholding their cultures. McGonagle gives other common international human rights Instruments, other than UNESCO, which have occasional references to assorted rights that have an association with the gratification of culture, but without endeavoring to offer a broad definition of the notion. Examples of these include Article 27(1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). As mentioned earlier, it could be beneficial if all these organizations can try to define this concept of cultural diversity as these definitions can act as a foundation for defining the range of cultural rights. McGonagle explains the need to recognize cultural rights as a group of rights that include diverse cultural rights, in addition to applying cultural dimensions to a variety of other human rights for existing functions. He describes cultural heritage