ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Game-based learning has been proven to be an effective approach for student retention of complex topics and skills (Libradilla, Teves, & Teves, 2015). A game-based learning method will be used to help students learn and acquire skills the game is intended to impart (Libradilla et al., 2015). In this paper, digital games will be used with students to focus on the topic of comparing and sorting fractions. This method is efficient for students’ productive education regarding fractions as it engages and motivates them to obtain a specific understanding of the topic (Jabbar & Felicia, 2015). The concepts associated with fractions are often the hardest for teachers to teach and for students to understand (Naiser, Wright, & Capraro, 2004). Research has shown that learning fractions are viewed by students as being irrelevant in terms of their interests and ideas for the future (Naiser et al., 2004). This perception makes the teaching of students more challenging due to their lack of interest. If to combine that with the fact that fractions can be an abstract concept since the concepts of fractions are not commonly used in the daily activities of students, learning fractions appear to be one of the most challenging math skills that young students must learn (Aslan, 2011). As stated in the previous paragraph, students prefer to learn by implementing new knowledge in practice. A sound decision would be to offer children playing an education game to make them interested in what they learn. Unfortunately, many schools disregard this consideration and use old methods that require intensive reading and writing various formulae (Aslan, 2011). This means that students are not required to think laterally or work collaboratively in an attempt to gain understanding regarding the many concepts associated with using fractions (Aslan, 2011). Game-based learning can begin to address students’ inability to grasp the complicated material with fractions through what is called constructivism as it will show them how their knowledge can be used in different life situations. The concepts used in game-based learning stem from constructivism. This learning methodology is based on the idea that students adjust particular knowledge to their needs. In other words, they need to construct the acquired information for situations that they consider to be common in their lives. (Qian & Clark, 2016). Game-based learning allows students to apply the subject matter they need to learn to more authentic situations (Aslan, 2011). By integrating text and visual graphics, students can see material from different angles (Lemke, 1998). Games help students understand complex mathematical concepts (Kebritchi, Hirumi, & Bai, 2010). The methodology with the use of the game about fractions will give children some experience in making correct calculations. The program will also give students an understanding of how the lesson material can be useful for their lives in the future. This learning format allows hands-on and action-focused learning, which is an effective method for teaching compl
Of the genres that have been tackled so far, the novel is the genre that has had the widest impact on me. The novel which is a prose narrative is a very enriching literary genre especially due to the presence of the story and the story teller. The most alluring thing about a novel is that it presents stories in a serial or sequential manner and this is what has made it to be the most prominent form of literature worldwide (McKeon 34). The novel is the best example of what a man can write. There are some characteristics that make the novel to be the most alluring and influential genre of literature. To start with, a novel may be written in a narrative form but it is not narrated, it exists in written form which means it is not an oral account. Secondly, very few novels contain factual accounts and almost all of them are fictional in nature. This differentiates them from myths which are near factual accounts (Readorn 99). The fictional nature of the novels enables the writers to be more creative when they are writing and also ensures that the genre is able to focus on the totality of life and history in an artistic way. This is done through the construction of a plot in a way that a work of fiction appears as reality through the innovations and the creativity of the writer. The artistic merits in a novel are shown by the creative use of language and style to deliver the meaning. The modern novels are even more captivating because they are characterized by landmark elements of style which the old school novels lacked. Looking at the Novel called the stranger by Albert Camus; it is radically different from the works of Dickens and Mary Shelley. This is because the creativity of the modern novelist is higher than that of the medieval or the romantic novelists especially because of the levels of civilization. The novel has since gained reputation as the most authoritative forms of literature, though it di
The book of Acts 1 revealed the instructions given by Jesus Christ to his disciples. He made a promise to send the Holy Spirit to the disciples. Prior to his ascension, he gave them an order not to leave Jerusalem but tarry for some days until they are baptized with the Holy Spirit. One striking phrase from the verse is “you will be my witness in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth” (Coogan, 375). Jesus provided us with a path and gave us the liberty to choose our direction. The way of the Lord leads to eternal life. As witnesses, we are ambassadors of the kingdom and sons of God. The only pathway to divine knowledge is through the Holy Spirit. When Jesus ascended into heaven he left us with the power to receive and the ability to understand the deep things of God. When we study the life of Jesus, we will understand that every miracle came to those who believed. We are custodians of the exemplary power of Jesus Christ. The Holy Spirit will teach us the deep things of God. The Holy Spirit will guide us as we witness to all ends of the earth. The verse revealed the nature of God’s prophecy. John the Baptist fulfilled his part, and the Holy Spirit was sent to us as custodians of the deep things of God. We must believe by faith, by which men shall see God. The faith we have in the word of God will determine our path to success. The disciples gathered themselves and waited upon the lord. At the appointed hour, the disciples spoke in diverse tongues; a confirmation of the promise of Jesus Christ. Works Cited Coogan, Michael. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with Apocrypha: New Revised Standard Version , New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print.
Introduction Online education has recently taken its place in modern society and no one could deny that it is a rather important part of any educational system of today. Nevertheless, the use of online study still arises a lot of controversial points of view because some people support the method of online education and give their arguments, while other people oppose this method and give their own arguments that are not less trustworthy. Our aim here is to consider both points of view in order to find out the answer to the following questions: “Can the online education provide the same level of knowledge that usual college education provides?” and “What are the main points that evidence for and against online education?” In order to answer these questions, we going to consider the arguments of both sides of the issue and make the essay more specific with the help of certain examples to support both points of view. Main body The supporters of online education, which is also widely known as distance learning, support their point of view by saying that online education allows a larger number of people to get a higher education degree. Besides, they say that a person does not always need a teacher to learn something, i. e. one can not be taught, he or she can only teach themselves. Concerning the first argument of the supporters of online education, it is quite trustful. For example, this method of studying allows people who are employed or have families to study in higher educational establishments. They do not need to be physically present at all classes and study full-time. With the help of online education, they can plan their study themselves, taking into consideration their working schedule, family needs, and amount of spare time. As for the second argument of this side, it is also good because people study themselves depending only upon their wish, and no teacher can make them study (Deane, 2005, pp. 34 – 54). On the contrary, the opponents of distance learning, state that every student needs a teacher who would guide his or her studying process. They say that a person can learn the material her/himself but there is no guarantee that he or she learn it correctly. That is why a teacher is necessary to check the knowledge of a student and guide them in the right direction. Another argument that the opponents of online education put forward is that it is accessible not to all people. They exemplify their point of view saying that poor people do not always have access to the Internet and that makes it difficult for them to take up distance education. What is more important is that people with ph
Conflict is a phenomenon that plays a special role in the mental life of people, their development, self-realization, relationships with other people, and finally, in the life of society as a whole. Conflict, as one of the significant phenomena of the mental life of a person, is directly related to the problem of psychological well-being – a fundamental problem of psychological science. Although the research of the conflict turned out to be somewhat “divided” between different psychological disciplines – primarily, general psychology, personality psychology, social psychology – the concept of conflict belongs to all psychological science and refers to its fundamental foundations. To carry out conflict resolution activities, it is necessary to understand the main determinants and laws of conflict behavior and activities, while they are not as simple and obvious as it may seem. Much in the conflicts is hidden, far from always being declared is consistent with reality; the image of the conflict is often not quite the same as its essence, so the conflict should be considered as a very complex social and psychological phenomenon. One of the most pressing issues today is the search for conflict resolution mechanisms in the organizational environment of the conflict, since the conflict has a critical impact on the organizational behavior of any organization – from commercial companies to the police, healthcare institutions, etc. Psychology of Conflict Behavior Conflicts, regardless of their degree, their complexity, type and content, differ in that the vast majority of their participants perceive this phenomenon as a very negative phenomenon associated with strong negative emotions, stresses, feelings, disappointments and losses. Those who are involved in conflict confrontation, as a rule, are in complex mental states, which is why it is quite rightly believed that conflicts have a very high psychological “price.” The goals and motives of the conflict confrontation displace all others and become the most important. All information, people and their relationships begin to be considered solely on the basis of their usefulness for ‘victory’ in a conflict. The conflicting parties, regardless of the type of conflict, the number of its participants and their intellectual status, operate almost according to the same patterns, use the same tactics and techniques of conflict confrontation, and, most interestingly, in a strictly defined sequence. This is due to the fact that the negative mental states dominating among the participants in the conflict (mainly, severe stresses) specifically “unidirectionally” affect the course
Introduction Biotechnology entails using “living organisms or their products to modify human health and human environment” 1 . Although biotechnology dates to several millenniums ago when wine was fermented and bread was baked, the current advancements in the 20 th and the 21 st centuries are a hallmark in the field of medicine. The discovery of recombinant DNA technology opened a new chapter in biotechnology with new techniques in understanding human biology being unearthed. Among the technologies in biotechnology that gained popularity from the late 20 th century is tissue engineering biotechnology. The technology is utilizing cell characteristics, like the ability to grow cells in vitro , to bring benefits to man specifically in repairing damaged and worn-out tissues and organs. Tissue regeneration is also the same as tissue engineering whereby scaffolds are used to make new tissues and other biomaterials that are used to replace diseased or worn-out tissues or organs. A scaffold is a porous and biodegradable material derived from natural body proteins such as collagen and fibrin or they are synthetically produced from polymers such as polylactide or polyglycolide. A scaffold can also be synthetically derived by polymerizing polylactide with polyglycolide 2 . Parveen and colleagues 3 explain that a scaffold can vary in a structure such that there are spongy sheets and fabrics as well as gels. It is also possible to have scaffolds that are of higher complexity. Essentially, scaffolds are made such that they mimic the extracellular matrix chemically and physically such that the in-vitro environment is similar to the in-vivo environment. The scaffolds usually contain donor cells that can differentiate such that they differentiate into the desired tissue once they are introduced into the body. Once a scaffold is introduced into the body for replacement of the worn-out or diseased tissue, the scaffold (which is biodegradable) undergoes resorption and healthy host tissues replace it 4 . Tissue regeneration has come to solve an array of problems associated with organ and tissue transplants since the tissues are autologous. Tissue regeneration finds use in treating wounds from burns, hernias, in plastic surgery, and colorectal surgery among other applications 5 . Tissue-engineered products have also been used to engineer skin, cartilage, and bone implantation. The biotechnology field of tissue reconstruction as spearheaded by tissue engineering utilizes techniques such as nanotechnology to yield medical benefits. Nanotechnology in tissue regeneration, therefore, forms the next section of this work. Nanotechnology in Tissue Regeneration Nanotechnology is “the creation of objects or surfaces whose unique functions are a direct result of their nanoscale dimensions and/or organization” 6 . A nanoscale dimension
Introduction The Web represents the future of journalism, and mainstream media houses have realised this point. The Web is a relatively cost-effective means of distributing information than the traditional printing press and physical deliveries. This is reporting of news on real-time through the Internet. Therefore, the Web site for online journalism must meet some quality standards of a good Web site. This is a short report about four international news Web sites and one local Egyptian news Web site. It looks at the contents and types of news (sport, business, and politics), the accuracy, the design of the Web site. Aljazeera Aljazeera is an international news Web site that presents round-the-clock news to visitors on the site. The site provides news from various parts of the global like Africa, America, Asia-Pacific, Central and South Asia, Europe, and Middle East. The Web site presents news on current affairs, opinions, business, sports, weather, in-depth analysis, human right issues, and other scheduled programmes. Aljazeera Web site has a great amount of illustration. At least every news item has a graphical presentation because such graphical presentations can have a significant impact of the audience. The Web page has a good colour in the background that makes texts easy to read. Moreover, the background is not crowded. The texts are not too small and crowded, but are evenly distributed within the page to explain the image. The Web site displays latest news in capital letters. Every title in the page has a link. However, the audience must put a mouse on the heading in order to know that the link works, i.e., there is no “click to read more” sign. However, a click on the title may lead to the main story to take the reader further to ‘sub-stories’, which relate to the main story (this is the case with most of the contents in the in-depth section). The site does not have any dead links, unclear navigation, orphan pages, and unwanted scroll bars. The page graphical presentations are easy to load, are useful to the site, and fit within the screen. This site does not use animations. However, the section marked as ‘IN PICTURES’ has running images through, but they look professional. Generally, the Web site has a good design. The site provides various ways of contacting the organisation. However, it has social media integration (Twitter and Facebook). It also has a mobile version because smart devices and tablets are responsible for the growing Web traffic. The site lacks any security icon. BBC The BBC has been the benchmark for international journalism. From the BBC Web site, the audience can listen, watch, and read news. Moreover, there are also constant updates. The site provides science, sports, documentary, society, blog, and other categories. It has abundant resources for the audience. The news items are current and accurate. The background is clear to allow for readability of the texts. Texts appear in clear blue and light grey colour against a white background. Thus, readers can easily read them. The BBC Web si
Introduction The maritime industry has become one of the most lucrative industries by contributing greatly to national development and international trade. Over the years, our company has successfully shipped cargo across the nation and ensured that the various businesses that depend on our delivery of goods work efficiently through the provision of reliable service delivery and maintenance of the quality of their goods during transportation. Therefore, it is safe to derive that the success of the maritime industry, and particularly our company, greatly influences the wellbeing of other industries such as the textile, automotive, and food industries that rely on us, thus placing significant pressure in the consistency of optimal performance of our company. In the past, the company has successfully fulfilled its duties to its clients by ensuring the arrival of their goods on schedule. However, over the past twelve months, our ships have been involved in three separate incidents, thus resulting in concern over several matters, with key among them being the adequacy of the current safety culture at the company. Historically, incidents and accidents involving vessels such as ours have created risks of damage to the vessels, cargo, and the environment, thus endangering the lives of employees (Alisadeh & Nomikos 2009). Such accidents have also created strenuous relationships between companies and host governments and in some instances foreign governments within which shipping companies conduct business. For instance, in November 2002, the Prestige, which is a heavy fuel oil tanker, sprung a leak on the Galician coast, thus creating a potential hazard to the environment. Initially, the vessel master had refused assistance from a tugboat citing financial costs for such refusal. However, the situation deteriorated, and thus resulted in a rescue attempt by four tugboats, which failed as the Spanish government refused to accord the vessel permission to dock in its ports. The vessel stayed at sea where it broke into two and sank six days later on November 19 the same year ( The Guardian 2002). The incident raised questions such as whether there was the implementation of all necessary precautions at the time and the extent to which such loss was avoidable. The most significant factor in this case, as with most other maritime accident cases, was the human factor. According to the Accident Database Review of Human-Element Concerns Report by the American Bureau of Shipping, human error causes approximately eighty to eighty-five percent of maritime accidents (Baker 2005). One of the most recent examples of similar incide
Some of the subscribing members of Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility declared that some of its members who owned stocks in Texaco Inc. and Standard oil Company were going to introduce resolutions in the shareholders meeting. These resolutions could see the two companies end their operations in South Africa. This essay will analyze the moral issues concerning this decision. In addition, the essay will include arguments for or against the resolutions, while at the same time presenting a view of the responsibilities of the management regarding the resolutions. The benefits of building the plant in 1977 were less important than the violations of moral rights involved in the project. Although investing in South Africa benefited the company in that there were high returns from the investment, the violation of human rights present in South Africa had far-reaching negative consequences on majority of the population. The Caltex Company had to operate within the laws enacted by the government of South Africa. This meant that the Company was limited in carrying out its operations and as a result, there was violation of the basic fundamental human rights. Though South Africa was a profitable zone to operate from, the access to employment opportunities kept out some races and favored some; for example, Blacks were discriminated and not equally remunerated (Velasquez, 2006). Caltex was part of “Sullivan principles” that required that companies practice fair employment practices. While operating in South Africa, the living conditions of the company’s black employees were poor, and it was impossible for them to get jobs as managers and administrators. Even though South Africa was a strategic location for the plant, this racial discrimination could negatively affect the company. These racial disparities were cause of the resolutions passed by the stockholders who were members of the interfaith center. Caltex was obliged to follow the code of conduct that laid down in Sullivan principles. Failure to adhere to the code meant that the company would face opposition from some of its members. Thus, the building of the plant was not beneficial than the violation of moral rights (Velasquez, 2006). As a stockholder of the company, I would vote for there solution to terminate the operations of the Company in South Africa. This is because the continued existence of the company in South Africa threatened its image globally. Owing to the fact that South African laws were prohibitive to the blacks, the company would face criticism, and this was very detrimental, as many of its world clients would lose hope in it. The resolution not to sell the petroleum products to the military or police was against the laws of South Africa; thus, a stockholder I could not have voted in favor of such a resol