ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Research refers to a systematic study aimed at making new discoveries or arriving at a dependable solution through an accurate gathering, analysis and interpretation of information. Research can be adventurous and fun because a researcher gets to learn so much and interact with new aspects and concepts which are previously unknown. However, researchers face numerous ethical issues whenever they are conducting research and this is the focus of this discussion. Ethical Issues One of the ethical issues that researchers face is getting participants in their research (Babbie, 2008, p.45). There is an ethical principle in social research known as voluntariness. This principle requires that any participant to a research must participate willingly without being coerced, forced or induced. This is especially in cases where researchers would use prisoners or students in learning institutions for their researches. In line with this is a principle, it will no longer be possible for researcher to conduct any kind of research until those participating show willingness to do so without any kind of inducement such as monetary promises. The other ethical issue when it comes to social research is the issue of informed consent. This simply means that social researchers and indeed any researcher must ensure that all their participants have a clear understanding of the kind of activity they are engaging in prior to them participating in the research. All participants should be well aware of the nature of the research and the likely consequences they are likely to face whether positive or negative. The ethics that are applicable in social research also require that researchers take due caution and protect their participants from any potential harm or risk (Babbie, 2010, p.56). The harm in this case refers to both psychological as well as physical. In ensuring that the participants in a research are fully protected, researchers are required to maintain a high level of confidentiality thereby ensuring that the information provided by the participants is not released to nay other person. Further, researchers can only use such information obtained only for the purposes of research only. Social researchers are also required in some cases to ensure that their participants are anonymous. This means that their identity is not known and this is especially because of the nature of research which may involve release of highly confidential information. This ensures that participants in a research study are not later victimized based on the information they provided. Ethical Dilemma While there are well laid down ethical rules and standards which social researchers are required to observe when conducting their research, there are times that the need to e accurate and therefore obtain valid result may require the researcher to overlook some of the ethical standards (Kimmel, 1988, p.55). It is in this case that researchers face an ethical dilemma where one hand, they need to abide by the e
Ralph Ellison is best remembered for his first novel “Invisible Man”, a sensational and emotional book that can shock or sicken the reader. What is undeniable is that Ellison’s “Invisible Man” will surely make an impact. Ralph Ellison was born in Oklahoma and educated at Tuskegee Institute (Prescott, 23) (Butler, 19). He had studied music and sculpture and delivered lectures on Negro culture and James Joyce. He was also a writer who had written several short stories and essays on literary criticism. Ellison worked on Invisible Man for five years and it was published in 1952 and won the National Book Award for fiction (Ellison and Gracer, 2). Invisible Man revolves around the emotional and intellectual hazards faced by the educated Negro in America. The book works at two levels: level of story-telling and level of exaggeration, suggestion, and symbolism. The physical and emotional segregation of American society in early times is the main theme of Invisible man. The book touches upon the dynamics of personal identity and the ways and limits in which people can know each other. The main protagonist of Ralph Ellison’s “Invisible Man”, through a gradual transformation through various experiences along his journey of life and the sudden turn of events in the end realizes his true self-identity. The narrative begins and ends in a small underground room, situated significantly in a “border area.” Between these two points, the main protagonist undergoes many experiences and each experience brings with it lessons for him, causing subtle changes in his beliefs and values. The main protagonist is unnamed because he is invisible in the social context. The book is written as a first-person narrative by the main protagonist, who announces he is an invisible man but also a man of substance “flesh and bone, fiber and liquids”. Once, when the narrator feels that he has been totally ignored by a man, he uses violence to force the man to admit his presence. Still, he remains unseen, as the newspaper reports the incident as mugging, though he had never tried to rob the man. However, the invisible man also notes that there are some advantages in being ignored by white people as he is able to live in a room that is brightly lit with 1369 light bulbs and free electricity drained off from the Monopolated Light & Power Company. The long journey that begins with the help of 1369 light bulbs takes place on many planes: geographical, social, historical, and philosophical. The story of Ellison’s protagonist may be described as a quest for an appropriate identity. The invisible man encounters several figures of authority such as Norton, Bledsoe, and the Brotherhood all of whom give him false names and identities that do not suit him. His experiences show that the act of naming is interlinked with issues of power and control. As long as he tries to live life by the dictates of others, he loses his autonomy and is repeatedly betrayed. He discovers the true meaning of his life only after he takes up responsibility for nami
Introduction Globalization has increased business competiveness. Presently, most corporations recognize the need to utilize comprehensive feasibility studies (Peebles & Wilson 2002, p. 34). This concept is also applicable in various global tourist destinations. French cuisine restaurants are important facilities in the hospitality industry. This report presents a feasibility study for companies with interests in establishing French cuisine restaurants. The proposed location is Singapore. It is focused on a comprehensive strategic destination risk analysis. Its objective is to provide critical advice to the potential investors on the feasibility to venture in French cuisine restaurants. French cuisines provide critical services including meals and cocktails among several others. The report contains a brief analysis of the proposed location, the business type and concept. A detailed environmental description is also provided. Furthermore, there is an analysis of the market size, the target clientele and other notable competitive factors. Lastly, a strategic analysis of business factors, conclusions as well as recommendations is provided within this report. Location and Company Profile Location Profile Singapore is a small but highly advanced nation with a stable government. Singapore harbors an approximate population of five million people. Although Singapore is predominantly multicultural, English is extensively spoken. Despite its relatively small size, the country has emerged as an economic monster. Its strategic location has enabled easy access by international tourists. As a result, the country experiences high levels of international visits. Perhaps, this explains the huge presence of contemporary tourist facilities within the country. Notably, for a long time, Singapore has emanated as the Southeast Asia’s highly contemporary and advanced city (Abeysinghe & Choy 2007, p. 19). Its business investment potential within the hospitality industry is overwhelming. Amongst some of its unique factors include the blend of different cultures. This distinct racial tapestry provides the tourists with an extensive alternative for sightseeing. Generally, the city provides many culinary opportunities for tourist attraction. These factors contribute to Singapore’s cultural appeal. The capacity of the city to provide luxury suits, hotels and delectable cuisines cannot be overlooked. The island is located within the South of Asia. The major island is bordered with other several small islands. Agreeable, political stability and peace are basic factors that promote fair development within the hospitality sector (Arthur 2001). Observably, Singapore has gradually excelled in business and tourism over the past years. The outlined factors have made Singapore to be recognized as a potential model. Particularly, this is applicable to most emergent states. Indeed, Singapore is a potential global hospitality destination. Company Profile and Concept French Cuisine restaurant offers a variety of hospitalit
Introduction Japanese art can be acclaimed as having its unique style and special spirit inspired by its sophistication and fineness which can be hardly confused with anything else in the world. Japan is especially known for its unique art movements and styles including Mono-ha, Yamato-e, Sumi-e, and ukiyo-e. These movements and styles developed as a result of a special vision of the world common for Japanese people who are known for their devotion and tender affection to nature and its beauty, and the desire to understand their place in the universe along with their relationship with the surrounding space; in addition, the art of Japan is remarkable for its originality which is so different from any other art conceptions in the world. In the following paper, such an important art movement of the twentieth century as Mono-ha will be examined in terms of its main tendencies and the influence on the modern art of Japan. Generally, it appears that the Mono-ha style’s main concept can be characterized as a sophisticated outlook on space along with seeing interdependent relationships with natural “things” including such simple and daily seen materials like wood, steel, or cement; the other important concept of this style of art is in helping the audience to develop the awareness of their position in the open space and their relation to everything surrounding them. The Definition of Mono-Ha Speaking about mono-ha style, its development, and its main peculiarities, it should be mentioned that it is the style peculiar for Japanese nature admiring the way of thinking developed by Japanese artisans themselves without any other influence from behind (Monroe 261). The word Mono-ha in itself can be explained as “the art school of things”. The artworks of this style are distinguished by their abundance of themes from the surrounding world and the daily life of common Japanese people including nature and rural scenes with their pleasures and joys. The artists and artisans of this movement became especially active in the late sixties to early seventies of the twentieth century. Mono-ha style has its indicative feature of being accomplished in wood, steel, or cement without processing to express and discover new modernism or abstract reality (Mono-ha and the Search for Fundamentals 84). The artworks from the Mono-ha style reveal a lot of interesting details about the Japanese way of thinking, a
Today, developing new approaches to the practice of teaching, we should take into account a growing level of the population of children whose first language is not English. Therefore, Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs indicates the importance of early Preschool education services for the better perception and learning process among children. There are three types of learning programs used for the different classes such as first-language classroom, bilingual classrooms, and English-language classrooms. In my paper, I explore the developmental importance of second-language acquisition in the Preschool period. I selected this section as the most important period of children’s development that is supposed to be between ages three and five. During early childhood, children can get more experiences that surely will affect their later lives including the performance in school. Mostly, optimal development is the result of a wide range of specific factors such as the use of the most effective learning venues. In this period, teachers suppose to emphasize the value of literacy development as an approach to getting children a chance to interact with each other. In my paper, I indicate that every young individual goes through five phases of literacy development such as:  1. Responsiveness and exploration  2. Trial on reading and also writing  3. The conception of early reading and also writing  4. Intermediary reading and writing  5. Conventional reading and writing Those steps demonstrate the incapability of the children from the families of different communities to struggle over many cases within the communicational and social process. According to Dr. Tabor’s article, the second-language-learning process doesn’t happen in the first, second, and third month in the preschool class, children have to attend it at least for five months (1998, p.20). Only after this period, the learning process can be effective. My paper is based on experience as a teacher of 13 children who seem to come from different communities. However, I realized that, first of all, they are personalities who have a strong will to cope with a task individually. I notice the significance of the computer area that can be considered as a personal space that brings the children closer to each other on a social basis. Children from different backgrounds may face social isolation and linguistic barriers in the classroom. My role as a teacher was to prevent this problem. Considering my practicum of experience, in my paper I try to find the answer to such questions as:  1. Does the size and structure of the learning facility and equipment affect children?  2. Is there any indication of the different approaches of the children within the learning process? Considering the multiply experiences, I found that an environment plays a key role in the learning process. The classroom should completely help children to be open to communication that includes the use of their skills and knowledge. The computer area as a form of personal space is a way of improving social and in
This essay would be based on the significant achievements that were made by the Islamic civilization form the time of Muhammad to the Abbasid dynasty itself. This religion came into existence in the Arabian Peninsula and then spread to different regions ranging from Africa to Southeast Asia. The extent of the speed with which this faith spread was certainly staggering but the sort of values that it propagated and the way it inculcated local values with the Islamic values resulted in some of the biggest civilization mergers to ever have taken place. (Bentley H. J, Ziegler 346) During the earlier period of this faith, what was clearly apparent was the impact of the Christian and the Judaism faith but as this religion became more wide-spread its influences started increasing and hence, the integration of the Persian, Indian and the Arabic traditions. (Bentley H. J, Ziegler 346)The sort of political and trade framework that came into existence after the advent of this religion resulted in the provision of a legal order that the Arabs had no former experience of and hence, the very base of a reformed society was created through the Islamic civilization. (Bentley H. J, Ziegler 351) The source of the Islamic doctrine and Islamic thoughts consisting of the social and the legal regulations; Quran, was in itself one of the greatest books to come into existence as it provided the framework for the way a society should be operated and the beautiful poetry itself was an inspiration for all. (Bentley H. J, Ziegler 348) The social and legal code that was initiated by Mohammed after he his expulsion from Mecca, he created a comprehensive social and legal code for the community and the sort of order that came into practice including the five times prayer was a new beginning for many Arabs who had lived the life of nomads until the advent of Islam. (Bentley H. J, Ziegler 351) The sort of economic value creation activities that came into play after the advent of Islam included the business of economic exchanges via caravans, commercial ventures which was a great achievement for a civilization which had been bound a code which consisted of theft and robbery. Also, the sort of protectionist policies that came into existence as per the rules laid down by Muhammad for women; widows, charitable activities for the poor and lastly, the giving of alms resulted in some of the most ignored social segments being provided with their overdue recognition and introduction to a society which had never perceived them as equals. The creation of the five pillars of Islam resulted in one of the most powerful frameworks to have come into existence as it resulted in a set practice and code of life which was a true accomplishment as of now; most civilizations were unaware of such occurrences. The sort of military expansion that was seen was in a ways a learning experience for all those who were conquered as it taught valuable lesion in terms of military tactics and use of strategies.( Bentley H. J, Ziegler 351) The way Islamic values and ideas spread across continents exemplified the extraordinary nature of this incredible civilization. Reference Bentley H. J, Ziegler F. H. The Expa
Executive Summary There has been a significant increase in the demand for notebooks in the Indian market during the past year and we want to get a bigger chunk of the market. To do this, we are launching the Acer Extensa model. We are confident we can compete with the other leaders in the industry because our product combines competitive features with affordable prices. We are targeting specific segments of the market, and taking advantage of the opportunities brought about by the demand for affordable quality notebooks. The primary marketing objective of this plan is for Extensa to be the highest-selling notebook of its class in the Indian market, thus duplicating its success in the US market during the first year of its release. The primary financial objectives are first-year sales of $66.5 million or ten percent (121,000 units) of total market share with first-year losses at not more than half, and break-even in the second year. The ultimate objective is to capture Hewlett-Packard’s 37 percent market share or an annual average sale of more or less half a million units. Table 1: India PC Shipments (million units)ю Form Factor  Total 2006  3Q 2007  January to September 2007 Desktops     4.42        1.29     3.60                      Notebooks    0.98        0.51     1.21                      Total        5.40        1.80     4.81                       Situation Analysis Taiwan’s Acer, Inc., one of the top three computer vendors in the world next to Hewlett-Packard and Dell (Acer, 2007; IT Voir, 2008), is planning to sell affordable notebooks in India following a strong reception for notebooks in the market. India is among the top three evolving economies in the world that have been predicted to be most buoyant in 2008. In 2007, total notebook sales in this market increased to 59 percent; whereas, just four years ago, notebooks accounted for less than 3 percent of the PC market. (IT Voir Network, 2008). It is projected that the demand for notebooks will continue for years (Josie, 2006). Like China, India has the largest population in the world and can be explored for its market potential for notebooks. To gain a bigger market share in India, Acer must focus on targeting carefully chosen specific market segments, including small to medium businesses. A study by the New York-based Access Markets International (AMI) Partners, small businesses in India invested $4 Billion in a notebook in 2007 (AMI Partners, 2007). Market Summary The Acer market consists of busy consumers who need to work, communicate and exchange information on the go, and corporations who want to help their middle-level executives to be able to work, communicate, and have access to vital information while being mobile. Segments to be targeted include professionals, students, corporations, and entrepreneurs. Exhibit 1. Needs and corresponding features/benefits. Targeted Segment   Customer Need                                     Corresponding Feature/Benefit                                                                                                                                                                                      * Stay in touch while on the go
Executive Summary Management is a concept that is dependent on a host of things most of which are core to the success of the approach that is taken to ensure its success. Two of these elements are planning and leading as functions of management. Their importance in managing large workforces is the centre of interest for many theorists since it is acceptably considered that when they are properly balanced and utilized, management of personnel and productivity are returns that can be clearly anticipated; this is the central aim that this paper seeks to discuss. Introduction There are many capacities that Management functions that accords managers when it comes to managing large workforces. It is a concept that is at the centre of human resource management which is critically becoming central to the corporate management in these current modern times when it comes to corporate leadership and investment (Bergman, Stagg & Coulter, 2008). These functions are intrinsically intertwined within business concepts of planning and leadership and it is on these premises that the functions are considered either successful or inadequate depending on how they have been used and applied by managers and persons in responsibility in give organizations. With properly instituted management functions of planning and leading, managers can have an ostensibly easy time in their pursuit of managing large workforces in their organizations which would directly lead to greater profitability (Eisenhardt & Sull, 2001). To discuss this topic, the report will take a case study of the Australia’s high end department store chain: David Jones Limited. AIM The aim of this report is to identify, discuss and evaluate how the management functions of planning and leading can be used by managers to manager a diverse workforce in their organizations. Scope The scope of this report covers the entire human resource department of David Jones Limited of Australia which is a large department of this Multi-National Corporation that is charged with the responsibility of catering for all employee-related needs of the corporation. The report also contained data collected from 150 respondents from this department which is did not cover all the employees in the department (Bergman, Stagg & Coulter, 2008). The data was covered in a period of three weeks. Finally the discussion was done based on the theory of Management heavily dependent on Robins as the main study book used and this may equally create limitation in liberalism that is may be observed with other non-conservative authorities in the field of management. Assumptions And Limitations There were a number of assumptions that were made for this report regarding the data collected and this regarded the state of the respondents. It was assumed that the size of the respondents taken was a fair and true representation of the true feelings and realities of t