ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
According to this article, religious organizations are viewed as a “product” that can only be obtained through time and resources. Attendance and financial contributions can be used as proxies for time and money spent in congregations and denominations to predict membership growth. Because of the wide variation in resource mobilization rates across denominations, those who aren’t familiar with the subject are frequently taken aback when they learn about it. To put it simply, liberal and mainstream denominations have been dwindling for more than two decades, while the growth of conservative denominations has come about because members of these two groups devote vastly different amounts of resources to each. Rites of passage and other ceremonial practices foster and govern the relationship between humans, deities, or other supernatural beings. Spiritual and physical well-being is a priority for most religious organizations; however, some are also involved in promoting specific religious practices such as devotional singing and sermonizing. Religious and non-religious organizationshave many characteristics, including focusing on worship and doctrine. For the duration of this article, we’ll be focusing on both the unique and the generic. The investigation into the hierarchical structure of religion began in one of two ways. An inquiry into religious organizations’ various types and subtypes found that they all shared the same traits. Another paper dealt with the dynamics of religious organisations and the people who belong to them. A significant influence on the polity of religious organizations and leadership roles in religious organizations, local groups in religious organizations, and patterns of recruitment and training in religious organizations comes from the authority of religious leaders. Finally, three questions regarding the future of religious organisations are addressed at the conclusion of the article. Reference Laurence R. Iannaccone, Daniel V.A. Olson, Rodney Stark. 1995. Religions Resources and Church Growth, Social Forces , Volume 74, Issue 2, Pages 705– 731, Web.
Living in the XXI century means entering the realm of globalization, where the so-called “butterfly effect” is especially noticeable; the slightest change caused by a local factor in one of the global companies will inevitably trigger a train of changes within the rest of organizations all over the globe. Although in most cases, these changes can hardly be regarded as crucial ones, in certain cases, the effects can be quite dramatic, leading to a series of financial failures, which, in their turn, will result in another crisis. Because of the unreasonable steps undertaken by the UK government in encouraging the small private bank and retail business, a number of High Street banking and retail chains are being closed, which leads to massive increase in unemployment rates and the downfall of the UK economy. In his article ‘Cable’s fables: High Street not in crisis, insists business secretary Vince Cable’’, Lyons (2013) offers an analysis of his interview with Vince Cable, a business secretary and one of the key authorities on the economical and financial affairs of the UK. Often regarded as something to be avoided at all costs, a crisis is, in fact, an integral part of economical and financial development. There are theories that attempt at stating the exact amount of time, which a crisis normally takes, as well as classify crises according to their length and severity. For instance, there are banking, international financial, wider economic crises and a range of others. Finally, the existing economical theories claim that a crisis leads to not only negative, but also positive outcomes, among which the re-interpretation of the state’s financial and economical values, rethinking the state’s political and financial strategy and redefining the state’s priorities must be mentioned. Moreover, by analyzing the causes of the crisis, as well as its prerequisites and the outcomes, companies can possibly avoid similar experiences in the future. The issue with the High Street crisis is not that simple, however. Despite the numerous pieces of evidence concerning its destructive effects and the anxious entrepreneurs doing everything possible to get the best of the current deals and wrap up the business activities before the effects of the crisis hit them, the very existence of the crisis has been questioned. On the one hand, denying the crisis might mean refusing to accept the obvious truth; on the other hand, however, the crisis can possibly be proven a spoof. As the reports say, authorities, Vince Cable among them, believe that the crisis simply does not exist: “In general – and I do not want to minimise the impact on people losing their jobs which is obviously horrific – I don’t think I would describe it as a crisis” (Lyons, 2013). To Cable’s credit, there are signs that certain retai
Introduction Education is the most important asset of a nation since it equips individuals to be productive members of the society. In addition to the skills gained by students through education, character is also developed through education. Education is used to instill ideals in the mind of children and this ideals influence the future character of the individual. Traditionally, the education system in the country derived its values from the Christian religion. However, as the system progressed and the nation developed, a trend in favor of secular education emerged. The secular system differs significantly from the Christian system since while Christian education is based on Christian values secular education avoids any religious ideologies and values and morality are separated from religion. The US educational system is secular in nature and it promotes secular attitudes and values through its curricula. The rationale behind a secular system is that in any Government system catering for the needs of different races and creeds, education should be neutral. Even so, parents have the discretion to choose if they want to provide their children with a Christian education. This can be achieved though enlisting the child in Christian private schools or homeschooling them. This paper will set out to advocate for Christian values in children’s education by demonstrating that a Christian based education is the most beneficial for the child. The paper will highlight the role that parents can play in promoting Christian education in the country and how the church can make an impact in the secular education system. Secular Education and Christian Education Education is a fundamental component for the development and ultimate advancement of the society. The type of education offered matters since it determines the kind of individuals that society produces. Secular education is defined as a system of education where secular values are adopted and all connections between teachings and religion removed (Jackson 250). The American education system is based on the principle of secularism, which calls for a strict separation of church and state. Public schools are therefore institutes where expression is given to republican values and no particular religious convictions are endorsed by the school. Christian education is an education provided with Christian doctrine playing a central role in the education process. The Christian education aims to teach students to think, judge, and act according to strict Christian rules (Sampson 91). These two systems of education have some significant similarities and differences Similarities Both Christian and Secular education hope to develop a moral outlook in the students. The two systems have some common values that they hope to inculcate in the children. Values such as humanity, truthfulness, honesty, tolerance, and selflessness are emphasized by both systems. Sampson declares that Christian
Introduction In any training and development, there are important things that a person has to keep in mind this is because like the training of a president it is the role of a person to ensure that he or she gives the right training that will influence the president that what you are doing will be important in controlling the operations that take place in the country. In training then the president should have well-set questions on the basic areas that he needs to be trained on. Main body Therefore it is important for a trainer to have those to be trained been keen so that they can know the areas that require amendments. In this, I mean that a person should be able to liaise with colleagues to ensure that all materials contain current practices, should be able to manage and undertake the development of training courses and maintain close contact with field trainers. This is very important as in the training department then a president will be in need of knowing the changes that will be required so that they can have changes in the right direction. This will mean that if he will not keep in touch with the trainer then it will not be possible to know what exactly the trainer is talking about. A trainer is required to understand the competency gaps and ensure that the courses that are offered will address training requirements and undertake the delivery of soft skills training; one has to evaluate the training. With these requirements then a trainer will be in a position to ensure that what he or she will provide for training will benefit the concerned person so that they can see the benefit of training. The president therefore should be in a position to ask questions of training that is important so that he can know why things have not been going the way it has been required. In this, I mean that been a trainer then it is your task to ensure that the information that you give to the president is of importance to him so that he can be impressed with the training. In training then development has to be involved in development I mean that after training has been done then one will have to see changes that will show that the training has been of importance. This means that in a training then one will have to know how to manage time so that if they are people top be trained then they know the important point that will lead to success. This training is very important to the president as he should be able to have people who can carry out their actions just in a manner that they will not have to be supervised. Therefore in training this president then he should have a follow up of the importance of time schedule as it will guide others in taking their work with a lot of concern. In this, I mean that in a training then new ideas and knowledge is received as the trainer will have made a research on the areas that the president would like to be trained on. Therefore in training then
Accounting practices The main objective and goal of accounting practices are to provide relevant information which is required in making financial and economic decisions. Financial accounting and reporting, therefore, need to work under the supervision and standards set by accounting regulatory bodies, to provide credible accounting information and reports to their clients. This report focuses on a discussion of the following five accounting regulatory bodies. SEC- Securities and Exchange Commission SEC was established through the Americas Securities Act of 1934, aimed at ensuring protection to investors specifically of public companies, efficiency, and integrity within the securities markets. Organizations participating in the trade of securities should tell the fact regarding their businesses, the securities they are engaged in selling, and also the risks associated with investing in securities. Traders such as brokerage organizations will effectively comply with SEC standards by prioritizing investors’ interests above all in the course of securities trading (Glossary, undated.). PCAOB- Public Company Accounting Oversight Board The PCAOB is an independent accounting body that was formed in 2002 by the SOX Act, to regulate the conduct of public companies’ auditors. Its main aim is to give protection to investors’ interests as well as public interests from unfair auditing practices by auditors (Bader, 2005). Organizations that carry out auditing functions comply with PCAOB standards through fair auditing practices and providing audit reports which have a high degree of independence. On the other hand, client organizations will comply by ensuring their auditors adhere fully to the generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS). AICPA- American Institute of Certified Public Accountants The AICPA is an American professional organization that encompasses all the Certified Public Accountants. The body is usually aimed at the provision of information, resources as well as leadership to its members, so that they can provide the best and valuable services, under high professional standards to their employers, clients, and the public (Glossary, n.d.). Accounting organizations comply with AICPA standards through exercising and portraying credible and reliable CPA skills to their clients and the public in general. FASB- Financial Accounting Standards Board The FASB is a private accounting regulatory body whose mandate is to lay down accounting standards and rules to govern the preparation and processing of financial statements, specifically for non-governmental organizations in the USA. The accounting standards are also referred to as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAPs). An organization complies with FASB regulations by following the set rules in accounting practices and activities, specifically in the GAAPs (Glossary, n.d.). IASB- International Accounting Standards Board It is an international accounting standards-setter and regulator, which is indepe
The graduate is a film in which issues of societal alienation, isolation, romance, and generations are depicted. Mike Nichols has effectively applied mise-en-scène, soundtrack, camerawork, and editing techniques to create a successful and mind-blowing film. The director has employed different elements to make the film more captivating while at the same time relay the major themes to the audience. This paper compares the text and the film based on the use of mise-en-scène, soundtrack, editing, and camerawork on the scuba demonstration scene. Sikov (2010) presents a descriptive analysis of filming techniques and guidelines that are useful for stakeholders in the film industry. The Scuba demonstration theme opens with Ben in full swimming gear. He is cheered up as he prepares to dive into a deep pool. The scene has employed cinematic elements, which make it entertaining and breathtaking to both the audience and the protagonist. Ben is in a full diving costume. In his hand, he is holding an equipment, which will enable him to withstand such great depth in the pool, as the commentator believes. In Scuba Demonstration, symbolism, such as glass and water motifs have been effectively used to demonstrate Ben’s entrapment and isolation. The motifs have been effectively applied as barriers to Ben’s social life. The film shows Ben’s isolation through water bodies and comparison with fish, which is a perfect use of figurative language. In the film, Nichols illustrates Ben’s loneliness by veering a camera that catches Ben wading heavily towards the pool. While everyone is having fun, Ben is scared and lonely. The sound of his hefty breathing and relaxedness towards the water illustrate his fears. The director uses sound and illumination to show Ben’s loneliness amidst a cheering audience. The film director has applied several techniques to portray the nature of oppressions Ben faces in his life. At the start, Ben is oppressed visually. As he enters the water his body is obstructed from the camera. A hand is blocking his face and he can see nothing. At this point, the audience share Ben’s frustrations. Sikov analyses the effective use of camera work to produce desired themes, such as oppression illustrated by Nichols. Nichols has employed a great understanding of camera work in the Scuba demonstration. He blurs Ben’s movements and activities as he enters the water. The cinematic method throws the audience back and calls for their attentiveness. The director makes it hard for the audience to understand what was actually taking place as the protagonist enters the pool. Ben, on the other hand, drifts in the water before being revealed, gradually receding to the bottom of the pool. The sound at this point is distorted. Listeners only perceive chocked gurgling of water as Ben struggles to the bottom of the pool. Due to great camerawork, Nichols has been able to develop a smooth plot (Sikov, 27). He has successfully developed a breath-taking scene by incorporating the major filming elements in the story ( The Graduate ). Sound has been effectively used both for the advantage
Introduction In the growing debate over globalisation and free trade, it is difficult to focus on real policies under discussion. There are varied issues that focus on environmental destruction, markets, and exploitation among others, but one must relate globalisation to free trade in order to understand global trade policies. Globalisation reflects the adoption of free trade policies for international markets by liberalisation of policies (Bhagwati, 2004). On this regard, countries liberalise their trade policies with other countries through elimination of policies that could deter trade or act as trade barriers. Some elements of trade barriers include “tariffs (high taxes on imported goods, which make them expensive) and subsidies from governments to domestic firms” (Spruiell, 2006). Both policies inhibit foreign firms from selling their products and services in local markets because of high prices (Friedman, 2000). The concept of trade policy is easy to grasp. That is, it reflects subsidies or tariffs, which governments adopt to protect foreign firms from selling in their countries. There are also other approaches to trade barriers, such as expensive trade license for foreigners, quotas, and a total ban on foreign goods among others. Protectionism refers to policy agendas, which aim to increase the number of tariffs and subsidies that governments use to prevent or minimise trades or exploitation that result from free trade in the international market. This essay focuses on protectionist measures, major arguments used by countries to justify protectionist measures, and challenges and opportunities protectionism presents to companies that wish to expand to foreign markets. Major arguments used by countries to justify protectionist measures Governments use several arguments to justify their protectionist policies. First, infant industries require government subsidies and strong protectionist laws to protect them from fierce competition from well-established firms in the global market (Bhagwati, 1988). Such budding firms may not be strong enough to endure challenges posed by competitors. Therefore, by protecting such domestic firms from external competition, the government allows them to thrive in the domestic market. Second, dumping also has facilitated the increment in protectionist laws. Dumping takes place when imported goods have significantly lower prices in foreign markets than the normal price in the country of origin. Antidumping policies protect domestic market prices by ensuring that imports do not have ‘too low’ pr
Introduction A fluent reader has automatic word recognition, which promotes phrasing and intonation. Automatic word recognition enhances smooth, fast and expressive reading. Consequently, a student will develop silent reading skills, which is a fast reading method compared to oral reading. Good reading approach requires comprehensive gradual learning steps. This paper outlines a three-day fluent teaching and reading plan. Reading Lesson day 1 The objective of this lesson is to enhanced students’ word recognition capacity. Additionally, the lesson is structured to build reading speed. The lesson is designed to meet the needs of children with poor word recognition and slow in readers. Lesson Activity A teacher selects a passage, which the students will read in class. The passage should be between 100-200 words. Additionally, the selected passage should be taken from a book of slight higher language level than the students. The teacher then has each student read in turn. While a student reads, the teacher time and record all mispronounced words. A teacher should have a normal reading standard time and expected number of word pronunciation errors. The teacher may apply different coloured pencils to mark time and errors. After a student is through with passage reading, the teacher help the student identify his/her errors and make him or her repeat the words. The student is taken to the passage again. The process of timing and marking errors is repeated. The teacher then evaluates the student’s performance through a table as shown below. He/she is made to repeat the passage as a teacher corrects him/her until the whole passage is read successfully. Reading Evaluation Table Reading Rationality Repeated reading has shown a lot of success in promoting reading fluency. Mather and Goldstein say, “Through repeated reading, fluency can be improved as long as students are provided with specific instructions and procedures are used to monitor their progress” (Mather & Goldstein, 2001, P.236). Repeated reading technique also allow a teacher to monitor each and every student’s performance. Finally, it is an effective method in wide peer tutoring program (Gunning, 2010). Reading Lesson day 2 This reading’s objective is to develop student’s reading fluency through audio-learning devices. The student will be able to learn through listening to tapes and later repeating the same passages. Audio learning enables students to develop their fluency through practicing to imitate the voice while following their passage. Lesson Activity A tutor picks up an appropriate passage and voice records. While recording, a tutor should ensure that the voice prompt starts and ends with the passage, without lapse times. Voices should be recorded about 7 inches away from the microphone. While recording, a teacher will show a lot of interest in the passage to capture students’ interest. After recording, a teacher plays the voice repeatedly. Consequently, the student is made to follow the passage silently. The student is then made to read t