ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is essential to mention the fact that cultural anthropology explores the features of human communication and culture. In particular, it investigates the cultural institutions, customs, traditions, way of living, language, and socialization features in different cultures, and problems associated with these aspects of people’s lives. In addition, this sub-science, which is quite often combined with social disciplines, describes and explains social and cultural similarities and differences. There are many opinions and debates as to whether cultural anthropology refers to the humanities or natural science. Some scientists first identified themselves with one category and then changed their minds. The purpose of this paper is to consider two given points of view and to provide arguments for their justification. Insights The cultural branch of anthropology examines not only the results of field research and data but also the domains based on cross-cultural comparisons. Thus, based on peripheral data, cultural anthropology studies the huge reservoir of scientific knowledge. In addition, it is erroneous to claim that it deals with racial differences and biological evolution; it examines and reflects the realities regarding the cultural differences and the development of human society as a whole (Welsch and Vivanco 7). This discipline studies group behavior, social norms, religion, the mechanisms of authority, as well as the roots of technology. Nonethel
Introduction One of the major beneficiaries of technological advances that have been made by man over the cause of the last century has been the entertainment industry which as grown exponentially through the years. The trend exhibited by the industry has been a constant state of evolution with each innovation moving towards giving a more natural and life-like visual experience for the viewer. One technology which proposes to bring the entertainment industry closer to its ultimate goal of a life-like visual experience is 3 dimension (3D) technologies. While 3D is not a new technology, there has been resurgence in the interest of 3D with old techniques being radically improved and new ones developed. This has resulted in a marked increase in the use of 3D technology in theatres and at home. With the widespread acceptance of 3D in theatres, there has been a move towards making consumer-based 3D products. 3D television broadcasting is believed to be the next logical step in developing a more enhanced visual home entertainment experience and many huge such as LG Electronics and Mitsubishi Electric have come up with products that are meant for the home use following the recognition of the strong market possibilities for 3D home entertainment. Considering the overwhelming success of 3D at the box office, it can be reasonably assumed that 3D technology in the entertainment industry is here to stay and its use can only be expected to grow. This paper shall therefore set out to analyze the growing use of 3D in theatres and at home. To achieve this, a historical overview of 3D shall be given followed by a concise yet informative discussion of the prevalent 3D technologies in use. The impact that 3D is having in film and consumer electronics will also be accessed and the various safety concerns articulated. The reasons that have continued to hamper the successful introduction of 3D TV so far will also be discussed and the technological innovations that proposed to offset this highlighted. Historical Overview of 3D Contrary to popular believe that 3D is a new in the market, the technology has been around for over 60 years. The first major “3D wave” in the movie industry occurred in 1950s when Hollywood turned to 3D productions as the next big thing in the film industry. The major attraction of 3D for theater owners back then was that it did not require any major refits to the theater since existing cameras and lenses could be used to display the 3D content. In terms of generating the 3D content by producers, all that the technology required was the usage of two cameras per scene (to give illusion of depth). The viewers were required to wear the trademark cyan and red glasses that (Gerrold, 2010). Fehn (2005) notes that the motivation for this early 3D explosion was mostly monetary since the 3D craze attracted crow
Organizational theory is a vital aspect that constitutes various patterns and structures applicable in solving problems, increasing efficiency, and maximizing productivity in corporations. In essence, it adopts these designs to formulate multiple approaches to help companies function best (Uzzi, 1996, p. 674). Therefore, some theories such as classical theory, human relations model, decision approach, and systems framework are imperative in explaining how different corporate structures contribute to operational efficiency and profitability. Another significant aspect of management is corporate entrepreneurship which allows businesses to improve their innovation strategies. For example, the world’s renowned technology company, Apple, is recognized as a leader in novelty and ground-breaking ideas due to its adoption and use of corporate entrepreneurship (Danko et al. , 2019, p. 1850). This paper discusses the relevant academic literature pertaining to organization structure theory and explains how Apple has established an entrepreneurial organization. Academic Literature Pertaining to Organization Structure Theory Organizational theory is a tool which allows managers to study the characteristics of different structures which constitute the functions of a company. In contrast, corporate structures are the configurations which give a firm its formal means of arranging other tasks and departments in an attempt to facilitate dissemination of information and minimize workload (Joseph and Gaba, 2020, p. 267). Therefore, different theories have been used to explain the concept of organizational structures, such as the classical management model, decision theory school, human relations principle, and open systems approach. Classical Management Model This approach provides a well-define description of how employees operate in a corporate structure. Therefore, classical management theorists are a group of individuals who view businesses as machines and human beings as components of the machinery (Glückler, 2005, p. 1727). Consequently, they hold the belief that the efficiency of a firm enhances the employees’ effectiveness. For example, two famous individuals who developed the concept above are Henri Fayol and Frederick Winslow Taylor (Grant, 1996, p. 61). While the latter focused on explaining how to increase the productivity of the shop by using time and motion, Fayol was interested in examining management as an entity (Granovetter, 1985, p. 481). He and his colleagues accentuated the need to set a well-defined corporate objective and make comprehensive specifications of the functions to be performed. Therefore, they expected performance to be at its peak by organizing activities into various departments, delegating control, and establishing formal relationships among the staff workers. Moreover, Fayol and his peers supported strict upper limits on the senior management’s span of control (Sigfusson and Chetty, 2013, p. 260). In essence, this theory primarily focused on explaining the relationship
There are numerous diseases that affect human beings which are transmitted by non human agents. Such diseases are referred to as zoonotic disease. Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that is caused by a protozoon of the genus Leishmania which is transmitted by sand fly through bites. In most cases, the female phlebotomine sand flies are the agent of transmission of the disease. The parasite in some cases could come from humans or animals (Croft 95). The fly during feeding injects the metacyclic promastigotes which is one of the infective stages of the Leishmania parasite into the human host. Once inside the human host, the promastigotes transform into amastigotes as they are phagocytosed by macrophages. These amastigotes multiply and rapidly infect the involved tissues around the bite wound. These amastigotes are taken in by sand flies during feeding and can then be transferred to another host. Once in the fly’s gut, these amastigotes differentiate into promastigotes. Here, the parasites are known to multiply and transform into metacyclic promastigotes and they later move to the proboscis ready to be expelled from the fly during feeding. In many instances, affected are people living in the tropical and subtropical regions. This disease usually affect people living in Central and South America. Sand flies are prone mainly in the tropical rain forest and the Amazon in south and Central America. This causes a large number of cases of Leishmaniasis of different types experienced in these regions. In preventing leishmaniasis, protecting the individuals from sand fly bites offers immediate and ultimate prevention from leishmaniasis (Magill, 67). This can be done by using insecticide treated nets around bed during the night. Such nets do not only shield the individuals from the flies but also repel them from getting near the bed. The other strategy that can be used in prevention of the disease is netting the windows. This ensures that the flies do not find their way into the house. Also, use of insect repellant creams is also an important strategy that might be considered in an attempt to prevent people from leishmaniasis. On the top of this, it will also be considered as important to wear protective clothing that will protect an individual from the sand fly bites. It is important to understand that human beings as a secondly host for the leishmania parasites play a role in the propagation of the life cycle of the parasite. In this regard, if eliminating the disease is a concern, human beings can gap the cycle by delimiting their contact with the sand flies. This in essence will ensure that the infective stage of the parasite lacks an immediate host and ther
Introduction Staff retention remains a matter of great concern to healthcare leaders. The constant need for patient care in addition to staffing problems, long working hours, poor worker-leader relationship, and family-work balance, among other issues, can often lead several healthcare workers into reconsidering their careers. Some employees may resort to quitting their jobs due to these influences. This paper seeks to examine the retention issue by interviewing a selected healthcare leader. The paper will also review an existing theoretical model applicable in this scenario to address the problem. Methodology Design The qualitative study will be performed by conducting a semi-structured interview with Dr. Hillary, a senior healthcare supervisor at New Life Hospital (NLH) in Cincinnati. Initially, the interviewer and the leader had agreed on staff retention as the issue addressed by the research. The following questions will guide the protocol of holding the interview: Results The interview was conducted in 2021 at Dr. Hillary’s office in a meeting that lasted three hours. The supervisor’s responses to the questions have been reported below: Details about staff retention The supervisor acknowledged that the retention issue had been a problem in the organization, and deliberate efforts are being made to address it. In the past, they have laid off some workers on competency grounds, and others had chosen to quit their jobs, citing various reasons. Most of those left were hired in other medical facilities in the city, while a few changed careers. Dr. Hillary was more concerned with those who deliberately resigned and joined other organizations, which implies that they were not comfortable at NLH. When the leader noticed the retention problem According to Dr. Hillary, two doctors and four nurses have left on their own in the past two years. It started when there was a management reshuffling which meant some workers would work under new managers and supervisors. Furthermore, policies such as mentoring institutionalized in the organization further exacerbated the relationship problem between the workers and the NLH administration. The new guidelines were introduced last year when a new managing director was hired. How retention affects medical practice With the increased need for patient care, staff retention is key to achieving organizational objectives. It is very costly to hire, orient, and train new staff, and hence healthcare organizations usually strive to retain their workers. Maintaining a highly-skilled team can also ease the succession planning process as vacant positions can be filled with existing employees. Therefore, the leadership should make deliberate efforts to maintain their skill set. Expected outcomes after addressing the issue Dr. Hillary expected that addressing this scenario will ultimately help the organization retain its staff. He also hoped that they would strategize on how to b
Introduction Definitions and a short discussion Job satisfaction is a significant part of social well-being (Cakmur 1). An evaluation of job quality offers a good interpreter of future labor-market performance. As such, job satisfaction influences employees’ decisions with respect to working hours, job selection, and turnover (Han 84). Three of the definitions used in the article are illustrated below:   * Job satisfaction refers to the level of gratification workers attach to their labor.   * Subjective well-being is used in reference to how individuals acknowledge the value of their existence. It and comprises of both thoughtful responses and mental decisions.   * Organizational citizenship behavior refers to a theory that defines an individual’s voluntary obligation in a firm that is not a portion of his or her prescribed responsibilities. Literature review One study indicates that employees in OECD countries believe that financial recompenses are prioritized after other features of a job such as employment security, job interest, promotion prospects, and independence (Clark 4). Another research noted that organizational commitment deserves further attention in the workplace because there was a robust academic support for its influence on organizational citizenship behavior (Williams 601). A third study focused on subjective well-being (Diener 71). The research noted that three components of subjective wellbeing existed. They are positive effect, negative effect, and life satisfaction. Hypotheses The first hypothesis for the study suggests that employees in UAE are more likely to feel job difficulty compared to workers in OECD countries. The second hypothesis claims that hours of work and remunerations influence job satisfaction. On the other hand, the third hypothesis suggests that there are many aspects of quality of job that affect job satisfaction other than the above mentioned two features. Method Subjects The study utilized 265 participants. The table below illustrates the percentages of our subjects: Subjects         Percentages Males            29%         Females          71%         BA degree        54%         Master’s degree  6%          Married          45%         Expatriate       42%          Fig 1: A summary of the seven items Questionnaires used and reliability of analysis result The research utilized three articles to come up with good questioners. They are Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship, and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. The questionnaire develo
The University of Zan has made a great stride in commissioning the construction of the new stadium facility. Such a move will certainly enhance sports activities in the institution as it will accord the students an opportunity to venture into various sporting fields and explore their sports talents. Among the types of sports that will benefit directly from the construction of the new stadium are track and field, hockey, as well as soccer. Such a move is poised to greatly enhance the capacity of the institution as far as its ability to effectively compete with other institutions in sports activities is concerned; what is more, the stadium facility will be devoid of an athletic training facility. This decision has been made due to the fact that the institution already had a satellite athletic training facility at its disposal. Therefore, there was no need for one to be incorporated within the stadium. I do believe that this decision is wrong because of some of the benefits that will be accrued by having the athletics training facility incorporated within the given stadium. First and foremost, the current athletics training facility is located away from the proposed stadium, which will be the institution’s main sporting facility. This implies that for athletes to train conveniently, they will have to spend a considerable amount of time getting to it. Timing is an important aspect when it comes to sports training. If the athletes are forced to sacrifice their time in accessing the athletic training facility, this implies that they will have less time available for their training. Such a reduced training time will definitely affect their sports achievements and might also impact significantly their performance on the track (Pfeiffer & Mangus, 2010). In addition to reducing the amount of time available for training, a satellite athletic training facility located away from the stadium might interfere with the morale of the athletes and students who might wish to take up some types of sports. A lot of time wasted on accessing the athletics training facility and the other facilities might cause lack of motivation. Consequently, a lot of people might end up engaging in other sporting activities as opposed to athletics. Another important aspect that illustrates the importance of integrating the athletics training facility in the main stadium is the promotion of cohesion among students. This will be promoted through sporting activities. In addition to promoting physical fitness and exposing students to various sports activities, th
Yayoi Kusama: Japanese Woman behind Dots Nowadays, it became a commonplace practice among art critics to refer to the art of Yayoi Kusama as such that has a strongly defined ‘psychedelic’ quality to it. Kusama’s art is often regarded as reflective of the artist’s mental inadequacy with the famous ‘polka dot’ motif being considered essentially neurological. Such a point of view is, of course, is fully legitimate – especially given the unconventional aesthetic subtleties of Kusama’s artistic installations, the long history of psychosis, on the author’s part, and the fact that she never hesitated to admit of having been not altogether adequate, in the psychiatric sense of this word. As it appears now, the recurrent strikes of psychosis/depression served Kusama as the sources of artistic inspiration, “I often suffered episodes of severe neurosis. I would cover a canvas with nets, then continue painting them on the table, on the floor and finally on my own body”. 1 Nevertheless, the close discursive analysis of most Kusama’s works will reveal that being sublimation of the “oriental” workings of one’s psyche, her art pieces are not quite as eccentric and whacky as many people assume it to be the case. Even the most eccentric-looking of them are best discussed within the cause-effect (or rational) reasoning framework. In my paper, I will explore the validity of this suggestion at length while promoting the idea that Kusama’s art is consistent with the cognitive specifics of the “oriental” way of life, as a whole. 2 Yayoi Kusama has always been known as an utterly prolific artist who never experienced any emotional discomfort while experimenting with different artistic styles, as well as the actual mediums for conveying an aesthetic message. In this respect, we can mention that Kusama excelled in the domains of painting, street-performing, writing, etc. She also succeeded in establishing herself as a political activist, committed to the leftist liberal cause. Nevertheless, it was specifically Kusama’s artistic installations that brought her fame (although very late in her life) of the 20 th century’s most controversial Japanese female artist. Probably the most memorable of them was the room-sized installation Infinity Mirror Room – Phalli’s Field exhibited for the first time in New York in 1965. (Exhibit 1). The installation came in the form of “The mirrored room, specially constructed for the show… The four walls were lined with mirrored panels from top to bottom … The room was covered with a carpet of several hundred soft fabric protuberances that Kusama had made by stitching together sections of polka dot-printed cotton fabric”. 3 Once inside the room, visitors were exposed to the mirrored images of themselves with the dotted red and white pattern of the featured ‘phallic field’ serving as a background. It is now assumed that there were many feminist overtones to the artistic creation in question. As Muller noted, “Visitors can stand or lie or sit in the installation where the m
Introduction Muqarnas is known as a traditional structural element of Islamic Architecture. This vault-like structure slightly resembles stalactite formations, and its utilization is ubiquitous in mosques and mausoleums belonging to Muslim culture. It is possible to describe muqarnas as descending vaults with flat plates and facets designed in the form of a complicated set of adjacent cells. It is applied in domes, facades, entrance portals, arches, and wall niches and serves both as decoration and structural features. Muqarnas constructions were built from various materials depending on the region. It is difficult to detect the place where this architectural element was first used. The early sample of muqarnas is the plate found in Takht-i Sulayman palace in Iran. This plate became the basis of several studies resulting in different interpretations of erection methods and geometry of muqarnas. Analysis of various monuments of Islamic architecture proved that the main functions of muqarnas are to provide a smooth transition from the rectangular form to a circular dome or domical element and to decorate a building imparting specific cultural meaning to the ornaments. Literature Review It is generally recognized that spatial transition from a square base to a dome is highly problematic. The solution was suggested by Islamic architects as a segue between two different shapes. Some researchers state