ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The British Library project was undertaken by the British Library, which is the biggest and the official national library for the United Kingdom (UK). The library currently holds about 150 million items in form of books, journals, videos and other forms of materials which are sourced globally (Wedgeworth 1993, p. 149). The library is accredited with holding up to 14 million books from various sources and some of them are historic (meaning that they date from 2000 BC) (Wedgeworth 1993, p. 149). Annually, the library is estimated to add up to 3 million items in various modes and collectively, the distance covered is up to 11 kilometers (Wedgeworth 1993, p. 149). The library is currently a non-departmental public entity and most of the projects undertaken by the institution have been under the department of culture, media and sport (in terms of sponsorship and supervision). The Library undertook a failed project that saw it experience delays of up to 5 years and an upsurge of project costs that were in excess of 400 million Euros. There are many reasons advanced for the failure of projects but every project has its own unique characteristics (Walravens 2006, p. 30). This study will focus on the British Library project and account for the delays and shortcomings of the project. Secondly, this study will analyze the role the project managerial team had in causing these delays and the overspill of budgetary cost. Thirdly, this report will evaluate the possible remedies which could have been adopted by the project managers to avert the delays and overspill of project expenditures. Lastly, a conclusion summarizing the above findings will be provided. Delays and Cost Increases Project delays are a common recipe for the failure to meet project deadlines (Sears 2008, p. 1). There are often a number of reasons why various projects fail to meet their deadlines, thereby resulting in delays, but a number of them are unique to the project itself. The British library project resulted in significant delays of up to 5 years. There were a number of reasons voiced by various shareholders but most of them are not unique to the project per se, but projects of similar nature as well. One of the reasons at
World War I left the world in a confusion pertaining not just to the political re-arrangement (or dislocation) but also to the mental faculties of the people. A material disillusionment had set in the minds of the people who were unsure of their priorities. The specter of destruction loomed large on their mind and made them view life in its shortness and extreme vulnerability. Under such circumstances, the only way they could demonstrate their anguish, fear, and frustration was through art and letter. Thus, art and letter channeled into different movements during the inter-war period, acting as avenues for the hopes and frustrations of the people and the intellectuals. One such movement, which made its appearance during this period, was Dadaism. Zurich was the city of birth of this movement. They were not merely an art movement but also included poetry and theater. Important artists of this movement were Tristan Tzara, Francis Picabia, Kurt Schwitters, Max Ernst and Marcel Duchamp. “Dadaism was not exclusively an artistic, literary, musical, political or philosophical movement. Indeed it was all of these and at the same time the opposite: anti-artistic, provocatively literary, playfully musical, radically political but anti-parliamentary, and sometimes simply childish.” (Dietmar Elger 6). Their main intention was to shock people out of their aesthetic veil and face the real world of barbarity and destruction. Dadaism as an art and letter movement left a lasting impression on the artists of the age who could use it later to develop the artistic genre of Expressionism and Surrealism (Dietmar Elger 8). Simultaneously with Dadaism developed another art movement known as the Bauhaus in Weimer, Germany. Th
Monica Taylor, can you please tell me more about the organization and what you do for the organization? I am the Director of Public Relations at Love the children in the USA. And I have worked with the organization for the past 8 years. Who or what is Love the Children USA are? Love the Children is a social movement. When I talk of a social movement, I mean that it’s an organization in which people come together to air their views and complaints, and apprehensions about their rights, welfare, aspirations as they take part in other forms of actions as they command for provision of and or action to be taken by relevant bodies or the government. This definition is also illustrated in Kriesi, Soule, and Snow, 2004. p.3. The peace movement is composed of many segments of the population that want, work for, and promote peace. Nonetheless, numerous organizations aimed at promoting peace and unity, and the development of nations of which Love Our Children USA is one of them. Before we could continue with the interview, she asked us why I chose their organization. I told her that I chose their organization because it gives the public qualitative knowledge about the issue of child protection, speaking out for the kids and adolescences, pleading, or arguing in favor of their well-being, and also passing the children messages to various communities through media enlightenment and also practicing secured and optimistic parenting in every house, educational institution, and within-group of people living in a particular local area across America. It also gets to the origin of the foundation of child violence, thereby terminating the interval during which the recurring sequence of child violence occurs before its commencement ( loveourchildrenusa). Monica Taylor further enlightened me the following That in contrast to civil society/ social capital models, social movement perspectives attributes a central role to political activity and political associations. Tarrow (1998) defined these organizations as communal challenges by people with familiar reasons and commonality in upholding dealings with leaders, challengers, and power. Many social organizations, such as Love Our Children USA, begin as loosely structured, informal groups without any formal legal status. Eventually, many of these formally incorporate as legal entities to raise money and enhance their effectiveness, legitimacy, and sustainability. Implicit in this broad conceptual perspective (with many Variants) are three themes with direct relevance to the government-non-profit relationship. First, non-profit social movements have a deliberately conflictual relationship with the government; indeed, the entire purpose of many social movements is to change government policy. Second, the successful
The main purpose of the Armed Forces consists of defending and protecting any part of the world. The military is expected to act in a good way to be perceived well by others. This is why the military should be an ethically-based organization since if they are not guided by an overarching sense of doing the right thing, then both the nation and the military itself are on their dangerous ways. Military ethics can be defined as a set of philosophies and practices that guide armed forces members to act consistently with standards and values set by military tradition. Some of the major ethical issues that are established by the military in a country are gender equality, race, the justification for the use of force, age discrimination and political influence (Matthew 102). Before a military person decides to act, he/she should ensure that his or her actions are ethical and loyal to both the country and the citizens. The main reason why military ethics exists is to accelerate and develop professional character in individuals in the Armed Forces. The following illustrates some of my ethical experience in the military. Every person serving in the military including me has to accept the principle of civilian control of the military whereby this acceptance is sealed with an oath that has to be taken by everyone. We pledge to defend and support the United States Constitution against all the foreigners, as well as domestic enemies. This means that we owe our loyalty to the ideals that are outlined in the Constitution and not to an individual. Military in other nations usually swears an allegiance to the military leader or the King which means that they owe their loyalty to an individual but not the Constitution (Matthew 112). We as military in the United States, are committed to the entire Nation meaning that dealing with civilian leaders is a tough thing. Giving the best military advice on particular issues is what we owe to civilian leaders. The military also owes the civilian leaders for support when they make any decision presuming that the order is lawfully right. If I find myself in a state whereby I cannot conduct a lawful order in good faith, I will be forced to oblige by resigning my position. This means that the military cannot exist without the major concept of owing. Knowing why we owe particular persons, or the Constitution enables us to recognize our responsibility, duty, and obligation which is what gives rise to ethical reasoning and moral thinking in the military. It also enables us to cut off from distortion and deception, fr
Introduction Racism can be defined as favor of one culture, race and color by undermining other people’s cultures, races, and color. Historically racial discrimination was perceived to be committed primarily by whites especially towards the black population living in the United States and other European countries. The emergence of civil activists like Martin Luther and Malcolm X was because of the increased racial concerns. In order to give an explicit reasoning about racism with respect to the words of Thomas Jackson, it is imperative to understand both the current and the past historical issues concerning racism; this will give a clear and unbiased argument about racism based on my own understanding. My perception of Thomas Jackson racism I personally agree and at the same time disagree with the argument presented by Thomas Jackson about racism. To commence my argument about this issue, I will first point out what I personally believe that Thomas Jackson missed abo
Introduction Cloud computing has started to move beyond hype and into the fabric of businesses today. Small and Medium Businesses have discovered by utilizing cloud services, they can gain significant benefits including access to novel business application and state of the art infrastructure resources. Although Enterprise Organizations are gaining valuable insight into the potential benefits of cloud, IT directors still have concerns about the security of their corporate data in the cloud. There are three major security issues inherent in cloud computing that make implementation in Enterprise Organizations a challenge. These issues are:  1. Loss of control over data and  2. Dependence on the Cloud Service Provider (CSP)  3. Spying These three issues can lead to a number of legal and security concerns related to infrastructure, identity management, access control, risk management, regulatory and legislative compliance, auditing and logging, integrity control as well as Cloud Computing provider dependent risks (CEPIS, 2011). This paper will set out to show that while there are significant security threats that an enterprise faces when it migrates to the cloud, there are solutions that can be implemented to mitigate these threats and ensure that the enterprise is able to benefit from the numerous advantages of the cloud without exposing itself to unnecessary risks. Defining Cloud Computing The concepts behind cloud computing have been applied for over two decades (CEPIS, 2011). However, the widespread implementation of cloud computing services has only become prevalent over the last 7 years. The National Institute of Standards and Technology defines cloud computing as “a model for enabling ubiquitous,
The success of the various initiatives taken to deal with the subject of student disengagement with schools is dependent on a number of factors. Some of the factors that work both for and against the Aboriginal Policies are as follows:  1. Encouraging the community members in the decision-making regarding Aboriginal education. Although, the community members can provide valuable inputs regarding the community, they may lack the necessary experience and expertise in administrative, educational and pedagogical issues to help in the effective decision-making process (Sara 2003, 2).  2. Employing indigenous teachers and indigenous staff in the schools. Involving indigenous teachers and teacher aides in the school proceedings is important as they have a better understanding of the children and the community at large. However, it has been seen that in most of the cases, they have little or no say in the functioning or strategic directions of the school (Sara 2003, 10).  3. Creating a positive school culture. This is important in developing the self-identity of Aboriginal children and eradicating any negative perceptions they have about themselves. However, for the Aboriginal children, there is no continuity between the culture at school and the culture they have at home or in the community. The challenge lies in deciding whether the culture of the school should be aligned with that of the community (Sara 2003, 7).  4. Selecting the appropriate medium of instruction. This gives rise to a possible dilemma. The various policies emphasize on the need of using both the Aboriginal language as well as English as mediums of instruction. In case of using an Aboriginal language as the medium of instruction, the challenge lies in finding Aboriginal teachers who have a strong command over the language (Sara 2003, 10).  5. Incorporating relevant and stimulating curriculum
Emily Dickinson continues to fascinate poetry lovers for numerous reasons. The reclusive spinster lived the life of the devoted artist, spending her short years composing over 1700 poems. Her powerful intellect and gifted use of language was so far ahead of its time, despite her minimal formal education, that less than 12 of her poems were published during her lifetime. Posthumously, Dickinson has ironically achieved the immortality that she so often wrote about in her work. This essay studies three of Dickinson’s poems that deal exclusively with the theme of death: “Because I Could Not Stop for Death,” “I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died” and “My Life Closed Twice Before Its Close.” Death represents a major theme in Emily Dickinson’s poems, and through arresting imagery the poet explores the idea of death, specifically in regards to its effects upon the living. In “Because I Could Not Stop for Death” Dickinson begins the poem with the lines “Because I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me” (Meyer n.p.). In these lines the poet articulates the universal struggle that humans have with death – the inevitability of it – the understanding that death cannot be avoided by anyone, no matter how busy or important they are. Death’s intractable nature often offends the human being’s sense of importance. The haunting voice of Dickinson’s “Because I Could Not Stop for Death” observes that the nature of time has changed since her death. “Since then – ’tis Centuries – and yet, Feels shorter than the Day, I first surmised the Horses’ Heads, Were toward Eternity” (Meyer n.p.). Interestingly, the poem supports many interpretations of the poet’s thematic message. Critics assert that the voice recalls her death from beyond the grave, or that Gentleman Death has placed her in purgatory, or that she wishes to die, and the poem expresses her death wish, or that the speaker notes the difference between the finite state of life and the infinite state of death (Joyner 1). Dickinson’s haunting poem, her most oft quoted, perfectly enunciates “the human’s lot of the realization of death to be so overwhelming that it makes time stand still” (Joyner 1). “I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died” details the last moments of a dying woman, witnessed by the lowliest of insects, the common house fly. Dickinson’s lines “with blue, uncertain, stumbling buzz, between the light and me; And then the windows failed, and then, I could not see to see” create a close kinship between the reader and the speaker as she details her passage from life into death (Meyer n.p.). Dickinson gives the voice of the poem to a speaker who in the midst of traversing “the border between life and death,” and as such “the association of dying with the noise of a common insect is all the more jarring coming from such an unusual authority” (Zarlengo 2). Dickinson’s thematic message here appears to be that at the moment of death, the human desire to live is ignited, and the senses
Joint ventures enable a firm to make its products more available to consumers in new markets. As a result, a firm is able to use a convenient distribution format that provides goods to customers more effectively. Therefore customers obtain products promptly in different retail outlets; an approach that allows a firm to penetrate the foreign market easily. A firm is able to satisfy the needs of its customers because it improves the quality of service it offers to consumers of its products. As a result, the firm gets more positive customer feedback because it consistently meets their needs (Hisrich, 2010, p. 29). A joint venture enables an international firm to utilise a pre-existing market structure to minimise risks associated with foreign. A joint venture may make a foreign firm incur higher expenses to set up operations in a foreign country. Some countries have a lot of regulations that bar foreign firms from entering their markets to take advantage of available opportunities. An ineffective management structure is also one of the key problems a joint venture is likely to face. This slows down decision making processes in the joint venture because all parties have to agree before a specific decision is enforced. Poor financial performance may also have a negative effect on a joint venture. Some local firms may use their favoured market position to make foreign firms pay more money to set up joint ventures. It is necessary for all business firms to assess all risks involved before agreeing to become part of a joint venture (Hisrich, 2010, p. 36). A joint venture offers business firms an opportunity to expand their operations and I believe that it is an effective way through which a firm can make an impact in foreign markets. A joint venture between a design firm in the US and another partner in Germany has several benefits. The joint venture will enable the US firm to rely on the existing structure of the German firm to market its products. It also allows the US firm to overcome regulatory hurdles in the German market which comply with strict EU economic policies. However, the firm may need to modify some its designs to ensure they comply with German specifications. The firm is likely to incur additional product development costs (Gaspar, 2011, p. 78). The ownership structure may also slow down decision making in the firm due to differences between managers from the two entities.
Introduction Prostate cancer is the most prevalent non-skin cancer that affects men. As the name suggests, the condition attacks the prostate, which is a gland found in the male reproductive system. The majority of prostate cancers take time to develop. Nonetheless, others grow rapidly. The cancer cells may affect other parts of the body including lymph nodes and bones (James et al., 2017). The symptoms of prostate cancer are hard to detect, and the condition may show no signs in the early stages. Doctors use prostate-specific antigens (PSA) to diagnose the disease (James et al., 2017). The use of this diagnostic procedure has contributed to an increase in the number of people found to be suffering from the condition. Nonetheless, the process remains contentious because of contradicting outcomes from the latest randomized control experiments. The disease is age-related and affects mainly men aged above 50 (James et al., 2017). It does not imply that prostate cancer cannot affect young men. The fact that prostate cancer does not exhibit apparent symptoms at an early stage makes it difficult to diagnose. This article is important as it will enable people to understand the various risk factors that subject men to the danger of contracting the disease. Worldwide, prostate cancer is the second most prevalent form of cancer and one of the principal causes of fatality in men. Currently, the disease affects over 1.1 million men and kills at least 300,000 males annually (James et al., 2017). The reason for choosing this ailment is to identify its risk factors and create public awareness. It will go a long way towards enhancing people’s health. It will change the misperception that prostate cancer is a disease of the elderly. Understanding the pathophysiology of the disease will enable people to institute precautionary measures. The study will enable the country and society at large to cut down on the cost attributed to treating and caring for prostate cancer patients. People will avoid risk factors that expose them to the danger of contracting the disease. Background The first case of prostate cancer was reported in 1853 at the London Hospital by J. Adams. The surgeon detected the ailment via histological assessment (Mustafa et al., 2016). He noted that the condition was a “rather strange disease”. Decades later, the disease has become an important health issue among men. In the United States, prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer type among men. The country reports over 180,000 new cases of the disease and
The Romantic era/ Romanticism The Romantic era of art and literature is a movement which started in Europe at the end of the 18 th century, peaking around the time between 1800 and 1840. Its main proponents were keen on showing that emotion was a fundamental origin of all beauty, and in this regard, deep-seated feelings such as awe and apprehension were given new importance. Because of this link with emotion, the era saw tradition and custom got regarded as noble and also made individuals interested in the artistic and literary fields of the time value spontaneity. The movement’s roots were in German but later spread to the rest of Europe in a bid to give prominence to emotion over enlightenment. The Romantic era was mainly characterized by the room for free expression, which was permitted to artists of the time. For all works of literature and art that defined the movement, creators drew inspiration from imagination, and were not required to shape their works around conventional rules set about the production of such material. During this period, originality was highly-rated and any works that borrowed ideas from the creations of other artists were shunned by the adherents of the movement. In literature, the Romantic era was characterized by thematic revolution that revolved around criticizing the past. This movement held satire in low esteem terming it undeserving of critical attention. Some of the most renowned authors of the time were Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, whose main works centered around the occult. Thomas Chatterton was the first poet to have his English works gain appreciation during the movement. Other notable authors of the period were James Macpherson, Walter Scott, Mary Shelley and Horace Walpole. Mary Shelley and Frankenstein Mary Shelley was born on August 30 th 1797 to philosophers William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft. Her mother passed away eleven days after her birth, leaving Shelley and her two siblings under the care of her father and Mary Jane Clairnmont, her stepmother. Godwin, being rooted in political philosophy, made it a point to take all his children through an informal education system that emphasized on his liberal political theories. Aged 17, Mary entered into a relationship with Percy Bysshe Shelley, a keen follower of her father’s ideologies who was also married. The two got married two years later after Percy’s first wife Harriet killed herself. In the same year, while spending her summer break in Switzerland, Mary came up with an idea for the novel Frankenstein . Percy supported h