ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The incentives offered by employers in order to motivate their workers and cause them to be productive are very important for the flouring of any business as in case they are well-thought-of that will, by all means, lead to the effectiveness of the company’s work. In the following paper, particular incentives offered by the company I had an opportunity to work with will be examined. In addition, the paper will present an analysis of possible consequences which could occur if such effective incentives were not offered. Overall, these incentives can be evaluated as rather effective in motivating the company’s staff, and, thus, helping the company in being highly profitable. First of all, the incentives I was offered will be addressed. All of these incentives were related to the system of payment which I found very wise and effective as the most important motivation for any worker is the salary (Karakowsky, Carroll, & Buchholtz 2005). I was offered a payment system based on the flat-rate payment with the elements of the piece-rate system. Within the frameworks of such a payment system, the workers were offered a fixed payment for each day of work combined with the bonus and fine system. If a worker fulfilled more work a day than the standard established one was to receive a bonus, the more work was done the bigger the bonus was. In addition, the bonus rates primarily depended on the quality of work – if the quality controllers stated good results I was rewarded. There was also a completion among the employees held every month. The fields of the competition were the best quality of work and the amount of work done. The best of the employees (or a few best ones) were to receive additional payment. And on the contrary, if the employee fulfilled fewer tasks or had poor quality of work and worse than the standard established one was fined. The fine system was also rotated (similarly to the system of bonuses) – the worst result was the bigger fine was to be imposed. In addition, the longer the worker provided good quality of work the bigger bonus rates were to be presented. Further, with regards to the effectiveness of such an approach by the employer, it should be stated that the results of such a wise approach could be hardly underestimated. In particular, the motivation levels were very high – the employees competed to become the best ones and to get as much money as possible; the levels of quality needed in the process of enterprise operation were evident: to win the bonus the workers were to offer the best work quality; the needs of the partner companies in their receiving high-quality services in faster terms were met at the best way possible; the owner of the company was happy to see his company being run in a highly profitable way as he had a motivated team of great workers who constantly strived to achieve more. In case such wise strategy in b
The Roman Domus is undoubtedly an interesting object for the studies by historians from different periods which is not surprising due to the fact that it is remarkable in several areas when compared with the houses from its coaeval cultures or earlier cultures. The first element of high interest that deserves attention from this point of view is the Roman aqueducts or the system of tubes for water supply that is characterized by its complexity for the given period (Grig 279). Another element that can be taken into focus as regards the distinguishing peculiarities of the Roman Domus is the use of arches and vaults for the construction of spacious buildings. Historians specify that no other cultures of that time had such invention (George 11). Arches and vaults demonstrated Roman’s focus on comfort and luxury. A yet another element of the Roman Domus significant for this observation is a specific organization of the building around one big room called the atrium. This detail demonstrates the tendency of Roman people to socialize (George 15). Analysis of the Roman Domus elements suggests a conclusion that it directly reflects the values of Roman society at large. Roman culture is known for its pursuit of comfort. Such elements as aqueducts and arches and vaults demonstrate the implementation of this value in the construction of the Roman Domus. Another interesting element proving the fact that the Roman Domus reflects the values of Roman society is the atrium. This element provides the basis for the conclusion that socialization is an important part of Roman life because it demonstrates people’s desire to communicate with each other on a regular basis thus establishing the family values of Roman society. To keep order and control social behavior in the Roman people, regulatory devices such as the legal system, corporal punishment, and litigation system were in practice (Bauman 22). Roman legal system pertained to all major areas of law, but its focus was private law and civil procedure. This approach to the legal system organization appeared an effective advancement for the development of society and it was soon copied by other nations and societies (Bauman 43). Roman corporal punishment system was based on the principle of correspondence of the degree and kind of punishment to the degree and kind of offense (Schiavone 9). It included such types of punishment as fines, seizures, enforcement to work in mines, and imprisonment. Roman litigation system became a milestone in the history of legal development in the world because it led to the emergence of the class of professional jurists (Schiavone 14). Roman legal system benefited society in some areas including protection of poor people’s rights, effective management of property and possession rights, and
An addictive disorder is related to a mixed group of diseases and can cause considerable disability and discomfort not only to the person but also his or her family (Sudhir, 2018). As Haller et al. (2016) report, more than half of Afghanistan and Iraq war veterans who suffer from drug or alcohol disorders are also diagnosed with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, PTSD heightens the risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD) four times. The paper offers an overview of a client with AUD and the assessment of therapeutic measures to provide personalized treatment for him. Episode 1 The client (Mr. Levy) does not admit having a problem with alcohol; he believes he is ill. The man becomes antagonistic and annoyed whenever his wife starts talking about his conduct. By directing his rage at his wife, Mr. Levy hopes to avoid discussing his drinking issue. By reminding his wife that she said “for better or worse,” he is trying to find sympathy. Meanwhile, Mrs. Levy reports that her husband is depressed and enraged, and he consumes alcohol every evening while watching TV. She is worried about her family and tells her husband that she wants “things to go back the way they were.” It is typical of alcoholics to neglect their work and family duties, manifest affection and aggression inconsistently, and sometimes abuse others either verbally or physically. The client has treated his wife with anger and hostility. However, research indicates that such behavior can affect children as well (Haverfield et al., 2016). Specifically, they can become aggressive or avoid communicating with their parents. Episode 2 Mr. Levy’s social worker anticipates the meeting with her client quite enthusiastically. She has come up with such suggestions as meditation, art therapy, and yoga as anxiety-reducing approaches. In my opinion, these interventions are appropriate since they are recommended by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (n.d.). PTSD can trigger many harmful symptoms, such as sleeping disorders, flashbacks, anxiety, and depression (Fiore et al., 2014). These can affect an individual’s wellbeing adversely and often lead to a low coping level. Research findings by Fiore et al. (2014) indicate that meditation and yoga interventions for veterans have the potential to reduce anxiety and stress levels, as well as other PTSD symptoms. Hence, the social worker’s decision regarding treatment measures is correct. The questions given by the supervisor were useful since he was eager for the social worker to realize the client’s problem prior to creating the plan of treatment. Episode 3 The therapist encouraged Mr. Levy to speak about his experience in Iraq, being empathetic and reacting properly. At some points, she stopped the client to eliminate his emotional distress and explained some breathing techniques to eliminate his anxiety. The approach was highly effective since the deep breathing (DB) practice is known to promote anger and stress reduction. Scotland-Coogan and Davis (2016) define DB as “intentional control of the breath, consciously inhaling, retaining, and exha
Introduction Created solely for governmental purposes in the 60s (Nagesh, 2012), the Internet seems to have become an integral part of people’s lives in the 21 st century. The realm of the virtual reality, despite being in existence for a while, still remains rather mysterious when it comes to viewing it through legal lens; because of the specifics of cyberspace, a range of laws are hardly applicable to it. As a result, a range of problems ensue; as a rule, most of these problems can be related to the Net Neutrality concept. Consequently, not only have little to no boundaries been set in the realm of virtual reality, but also a comparatively loose control has been established over the actions of the Internet users. Despite the fact that the principles of net neutrality are quite reasonable and adequate, they are hardly applicable to the Internet and its users, since these regulations have been designed with the concept of real-life communication process in mind, whereas the internet domains are self-controlled and self-regulated; moreover, government intrusion into the Internet leads to major economic issues, and it may infringe the users’ right to security and anonymity hence, the intrusion of government into the realm of the Internet will disrupt the work of the later instead of providing additional security. When Regulation Is Needed At the first glance, the reasons for regulating the Internet environment in accordance with the Net Neutrality principle are rather obvious. According to the existing evidence, the principle of network neutralities essential to the present-day virtual environment, since it creates the premises for handling the problem of law breach in the IT field. Reinforcement of the Basic Human Rights Apart from the concerns about the Internet users’ privacy and security breach as the possible outcome of the adoption of the net regulation principles, the issue regarding the state economy must be brought up. There is no secret that, by opening broadband for users to share data with each other, one promotes the evolution of economy and, therefore, reduces the possibility for the state to regress into the economic recession stage. Consequently, the integration of the state government power to control the realm of the virtual environment may trigger a rapid demise of the state economic and financial position (Zittrain, 2008). The solution designed by FCC obviously hinders the autonomy of online users by cutting down the connection speed (Nagesh, 2014). In fact, the FCC has already admitted that the idea of restricting the amount of traffic consumed by users can hardly be seen as constitutional and needs to be addressed: “In April 2014, the FCC indicated that it would allow companies such as Netflix to pay Internet service providers (ISPs) to
Living Room Ethnography For the living room ethnography assignment, I have chosen an Indian culture. I interviewed a typical Indian person let us call him Manish. Manish is a pseudonym, as it is a common Indian name, and it is associated with individuals of Indian identity. He is a typical Indian, who has been living in Canada for several years. It has to be mentioned that I visited the living room in-person to explore all the details myself and have a sufficient conversation. Another important aspect is the fact that other members of the household were not present during my visit. This essay describes the living room with the help of quotes and pictures and analyzes it. In the end, the conclusions are drawn. Figure 1. Overview of Manish living room. This part focuses on my description of the living room acquired with the help of the interview with Manish and personal observations. Figure 1 provides a general overview of the room. It could be noticed that design is rather simple and modern at the same time. “I like an authentic taste of simplicity in my interior design, maybe, my job as an architect had a certain impact on the outlook of my living room”, Manish says (personal communication, August 29, 2015). The attractive shape of chairs and a wide variety of books cannot go unnoticed, as an impressive bookshelf occupies a significant space in the room. The dominating colors are rather calm. However, red accents are also present in the form of pillows. Figure 2. Important details in Manish’s interior design. Moreover, a considerable amount of attention has to be paid to the precise details, as it helps discover the inner personality of the individual. A primary focus of Figure 2 is concentrating on small objects, which add charm to the interior. “As for my hobbies, I am interested in running and absolutely in love with music. You have probably noticed it”, Manish claims (personal communication, August 29, 2015). Manish’s passion for music cannot be unnoticed as it can be seen from Figure 2 that he has an impressive collection of DCs. “I also fond of running, watching movies, reading, and listening to music”, Manish says (personal communicati
Harlem is possibly the most well-known poem in the collection, Montage of a Dream Deferred (1951), by Langston Hughes. It talks about the social situation in Harlem in the 1950s and it was prophetic of the later years when unrest erupted into outright violence. The poem is his interpretation of the African-American dream gone awry in Harlem. Hughes wrote very sensually. That is, he wrote what he discerned by his senses, and he used sensory images to convey his meaning, which was not really in the words, but in the readers reaction to the words, as happens with most poetry which uses concrete imagery. Nothing in the poem contains any emotional phrases at all. It is simply a question using imagery that evokes the desired response. This technique of using imagery makes the poems powerful, yet not maudlin. It is likely that Hughes was well-read, and even more likely that he kept up with current black writing, so he would have seen the description by Mary Ross, a New York Times reporter writing about Harlem in 1925: Harlem is the proud capital of [the black] race—something entirely new on the face of the earth—a modern negro metropolis, a city of movement, gayety and color, singing, dancing, boisterous laughter and loud talk.” 1 So her description leads into the meaning of Hughes poem, just as his line a raisin in the sun leads into the name of the play by Hansberry (1959). Harlem was founded in 1658 by Dutch settlers. It was named Nieuw Haarlem after a city in Holland until British immigrants were renamed. It was 90% non-black until about 1930, by which time the black population was over 200,000 and it had become a power center for African-Americans and a locus for art, jazz, and blues. However, by 1951, when this poem was written, it had begun to fade. It was becoming a black slum. In fact, riots did not break out until after the death of Martin Luther King in 1968, fully a year after the death of Langston Hughes. (History of Harlem 2010) The poem is short, but it is as long as it needs to be. We have a question about what happens to a dream deferred, and then it is followed by the images of a dried-up grape (raisin in the sun), a festering runny sore, rotting meat, a sagging heavy load, or an explosion. All of these are powerful and they build from the least to the most powerful. None of them is pretty. While we like raisins, the process by which the grape becomes a raisin is not terribly pleasant if we contemplate going that same process ourselves. A slow drying process shrivels the grape until it becomes a sweet raisin. This image is no mistake. The drying concentrates the sweetness in a smaller package. The power of this image lies in the dual nature of the image: a long and painful process of drying and an eventual concentration of the sweetness. The next image gets stronger, a festering runny sore. This one plays upon the idea that a problem ignored festers and
To defy all odds, an effective leader must possess the qualities of leadership. These qualities enhance friendly relations, and hence make leaders likable to their followers. No leader would want his or her social life to be characterized as a business that needs to be managed. Leaders who develop good relationships with their employees are likely to perform better than those that do not. There are several techniques of leadership that are of great help to a leader’s social life. When it comes to people’s judgment about who qualifies to be regarded as a leader, and who is not, a trait perspective is of the essence. However, as Northouse (2013) puts it, the description of leadership as a process is quite distinct, when described as a trait. As a process, leadership ends up accommodating more people, other than those that seem to have certain specific traits. As a trait, it is viewed as a situation in which one person seems to have influence over an individual group, to achieve a common goal. With his great influence on the reforms of Kimberly Clark, Darwin E. Smith is a leader of great quality. A good example of leadership as a process is affirmed by Smith. This leader developed the company he was working for from a small company to one of the best companies in the industry. His blend of professional will and humility helped him to exercise leadership to its best core. He described his management style as an eccentric one. This shows that Smith had a unique way of leading, as he appeared to be self-driven, candid, as well as smart. He broke boundaries, challenged a status-quo, and was innovative and passionate. He was also a bold leader, who saw risks whenever one attempted to present them. He bred success and knew exactly what was expected of him. This drew his followers close to him. Leadership is a process, which develops over time. Despite the board’s doubts on the leadership qualities that Smith possessed, he emerged as the best leader of all times. He developed a winning culture and imparted it to his employees. Smith was also a determined person, who influenced the lives of many people. Having come from a humble background, Smith had learnt to give more credit, as opposed to taking it all for himself. He recognized the good things that happened to his followers, and gave positive compliments. For instance, he helped his employees grow further, by praising and motivating them, whenever they did a nice job. To him, the growth of employees insinuated the growth of the company. Through this, Smith was able to achieve greatness, which enabled him to influence people to emulate him as a leader. All these make him a good leader. Smith was determined in such a way that he could take a step to lead from behind, when great things happened to the organization. Additionally, he used to cover his staff from the front in times of danger. He also helped the organization cross a bridge during bad times. When leadership is viewed as both a p
Introduction Presenting a public presentation has been known to be an act that most people fear. This is true whether the presentation involves acting, singing, playing an instrument and even dancing (Carlson, n.d.). According to Burgis, based on a survey conducted in 2005 indicated that stage fright is the most highly rated fear among Americans. The results of this study indicate 15% of employed people are afraid of oral communication within the organization (2010). The fear triggers physical reactions that cause the heart rate to increase, sweaty palms and/or tension in the muscles (Carlson, n.d.). Although some individuals have the natural ability to speak in public with minimal strain, the majority of individuals face considerable difficulty when making a public oral presentation (Burgis, 2010). Given that successfully making a public presentation is very crucial this paper will highlight some tips that may be of use in alleviating the tension associated with getting the messages across effectively with minimal strain. Useful Strategies/Techniques to cope with Stage Fright One essential tip in improving presentation skills and reducing stage fright is practice. Stage fright is based on a fear of how the audience will judge the presentation or even the individual making the presentation (Burgis, 2010). It has been reported that practicing alone a few minutes at a time can help the presenter gain confidence while on stage. It may also be necessary to memorize portions such as the opening and closing statements of the presentation. Another essential tip in combating stage fright is visualization. This requires the speaker to use their imagination and picture the presentation the being carried out without any problems. In addition to this it may help to imagine how the positive feedback after the presentation will feel, e.g. the feeling of getting the promotion or the customer account, etc. The presenter may want to try and keep imagining this experience from the time they learn that they are expected to make the presentation up to just moments before the actual event (Burgis, 2010). Given that fear is associated with the mind some author’s indicate that it may be useful in addition to imagination to be familiar with the venue where possible (Carlson, n.d.). A last minute hitch like a faulty microphone or laptop projector may be all it takes to get you unhinged. Arriving a few moments early to make sure all you require is in place and working is useful in alleviating mental stress associated with stage fright. It is also essential to know the material and focus on a few key points to make an effective presentation (Burgis, 2010) (Widener, 2000). It has been reported that audience often want to get a few key points from the speaker and mountains of facts may ultimately work against you rather than for you. In this regard it helps to know a little about your audience so as to focus on what will be important to them. It will also help the speaker to answer questions because the presentation will have limited the scope. In addition to that the speaker may want to use the tension to their advantage and avoid focusing on n