ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nowadays, we could enjoy numerous benefits and scientific discoveries that make our lives better. We use new more efficient medicines to recovery from various diseases; we use cosmetics to create beautiful images and astonish people; we use credible research data related to ways a particular living being could respond to one or another stressor. However, we do not think about methods that are explored to make all things mentioned above safe and guarantee that no adverse effects will appear. In fact, every new potentially useful discovery rests on thousands of experiments on animals who died to prove the efficiency of a particular drug or, on the contrary, to warn individuals about a dangerous character of a certain solution. Therefore, in the age of humanism, these methods are inappropriate as no living being should suffer. In such a way, the practice of animal testing should be prohibited because of its pernicious impact on their health. By the statistics, only in the USA about 12 million of animals are used in research (“US Statistics”). 93% of these living beings are not counted under the US Animal Welfare Act (“US Statistics”). 38% of them die during severe medical procedures. 100 million animals are killed during biology lessons (” Experiments on Animals: Overview”). The given numbers prove the existence of genocide against animals in the coherent society. The problem is complicated by the tendency towards the further increase in the number of laboratory animals and research works that include testing on them. In this regard, it is critical to alter the situation and stop this genocide. We now stand on the edge as the further deterioration of the situation will result in unprecedented cruelty and the increase in the number of killed animals globally. The fact is that animals should have the same rights humans have. They are not able to file a lawsuit against an offender which means that our duty is to protect them and avoid unnecessary deaths. At the moment, the US law and legal regulation in the majority of other states allow that animals could be burned, brain-damaged, starved, etc. to acquire a needed result and prove the efficiency of a particular measure (“Harm and Suffering”). To improve the situation in the sphere, the legislation should be altered. Moreover, the modern science could destroy traditionally potent argument of the adherers of animals testing stating that numerous life-saving cures and medicines had been discovered due to the use of living beings (“Arguments against animal testing”). However, today researchers acquire an opportunity to study cell cultures in specific laboratories or administer microdoses too small harm human volunteers to avoid unnecessary cruelty and protect thousands of lives (Akhtar 410). This alternative might help to solve the problem. Under these conditions, we now should unite and demonstrate our social position by demanding the government to prohibit using animals for experiments in different spheres. First of all, the legislation related to the sphere should
Introduction Obesity is a condition which is characterized by excess body fats in a human body, resulting to multiple health problems. Obesity has in general reduced people’s life expectation and caused deaths worldwide. Such statistics became the reason for the creation of The Sentinel Site for Obesity Prevention . Founded in Australia, it was formed as cooperation between Deakin University and the local government agency responsible for health and education. The Sentinel Site for Obesity Prevention’ s main goal was to create awareness about the consequences of obesity, mainly among children, as well as help a person avoid or overcome it (Allensworth, 2010, p.50). Their main agenda is to make sure that their site is able to make the community cooperate and work with them. In this case, they can reach out to as many people as possible, by giving evidence of childhood obesity. The government is the main stronghold in the obesity campaign because it gives presiding, which people are to follow. For example, the Australian government has come up with various movements against obesity, in addition to the Sentinel Obesity Site (Barkway, 2009, p.90). As a result, demonstrations against obesity are spreading worldwide (Clendon, 2010, p.80). Discussion According to Ottawa Charter, the main principles of public health create and establish the public policies, nurture supportive atmosphere, motivate community actions, improve personal abilities and focus on health unit services towards health promotion and disease prevention (Gottwald, 2012, p.99). The Sentinel Site for Obesity Prevention meets most of Ottawa Charter’s principles to improve health promotion (Crips, 2012, p.150). They have been able to develop public policies and also develop a supportive environment. To achieve this, they used ANGELO framework (Analysis Grid for Elements Linked to Obesity) as a tool to public policy development and creation of a supportive environment to nurture growth of the policies (Frankim, 2010, p.66). The community actions were also strengthened, which was achieved by means of demonstrations. If a community joined forces against a particular issue, namely, obesity, the effect is largely felt (Dinu, 2008, p.55). Nevertheless, the Sentinel Site has not met all the principles of Ottawa Charter fully, one of them being improvement of personal skills. The site has mainly focused on community effort and impact rather than on an individual level impact (Gauld, 2009, p 63). This could however, greatly improve an obesity prevention in the future if implemented because if a doctor or a nurse are able to acquire more skills in their professions, they are able to display them in the work they perform; in this case they will be able to stop or discourage any methods that may result in childhood obesity (Leona, 2012, p.77
Amongst the first remarks made by Guru Nanak upon his enlightenment as a Sikh, is that ‘there is no Hindu, there is no Musalman’ (Singh 134). Guru Nanak, the religious founder of Hindu Sikhism, used this remark to address the long standing relationship between Sikh and the Muslim. Nanak implied that all human beings are equal and that any profiling of people on the basis of their religion, skin colour, gender or any other form of stereotypical description is founded on ignorance. Nanak also added that racial profiling of people does not have any sense of truth since all people are created equally by one creator. As such people from all backgrounds ought to live in peace and harmony, love and kindness towards each other as brothers and sisters from the same creator. Despite Guru Nanak’s philosophy of peace and love towards each other, the conflict between Hindu Sikhs, of which Nanak was one and the Muslim has had along history. The Sikh-Muslim conflict has evolved over long period of time but many philosophers, analysts and scholars tend to focus on the negative nature of this special relationship forgetting the more positive aspects. Suffice to say that, other than the strong personal relationship between Guru Nanak and other Muslim leaders of the time, it has also been recorded that some Muslim solders served in Guru Nanak’s Hindu army. Despite the positive relationship the Sikh-Muslim conflict has at times been so strained t
Looking back into the history of mankind, one can say that Kant was a genius of a man. Or was he insane? He created four proofs to the fact that God does not exist – and then he created the fifth one, proving the opposite. He turned human nature upside down to see if there is something hidden within it. He was the most outrageous philosopher of ancient times, and there has been no one to compare to him since then. However, the things that are of the greatest interest for modern philosophers, modern people, and their modern problems are one of the contradictions of a human’s life. They are not numerous, Kant himself counted four of them. He called them moments , as if to emphasize the frailty of a man’s life and its being rather an existence than a life. Combined together, they create a philosophic pattern of a human’s life and show that some things exist beyond the reach of our imagination and understanding. The first one is the moment of disinterested interest. The ancient sorcerer was good at making oxymorons. What underlay the concept was the idea of the man longing for beauty even without the desire to own the beautiful thing. Kant practically explained a man’s urge for arts and artworks, creating them and observing them, indulging in “tasting” the beauty and appreciating it. As he put it in his book, One must not be in the least prepossessed in favour of the real existence of the thing, but must preserve complete indifference in this respect, in order to play the part of judge in matters of taste. (33) Speaking about the second notion that the philosopher suggests, the moment of free necessity, I would like to say that the philosopher meant basically a habit. There are certain things that we do without asking ourselves whether we want it or not because such a question does not even occur to us because the answer seems obvious. Actually, we are free to do this particular thing, because we are willing and we know this is right, but this is an obligatory thing as well, a kind of a law that is in our blood. Kant’s example of this phenomenon sounds like that: However, this necessity is of a special kind. It is not a theoretically objective necessity – such as would let us cognize a priori that everyone will feel this delight in the object that is called beautiful by me. Not yet is it a practical necessity, in which case, thanks to concepts of pure rational will in which free agents are supplied with a rule, this delight is the necessary consequence of an objective law… (61) Thus, the unnecessary necessity is the idea of the subjective perception of reality and subjective measure of beauty. The next moment I would like to dwell upon is the moment of the subjective universality. The moment of subjective universality shows that a man is subdued to a feeling that his idea of beauty is the only right one, and that everyone should think the way this person does and admire the same things. The egoistic feeling can be explained psychologically, and that is what Kant doing when stating the following: …This is the case
The standard model of studying particle physics is surrounded with several issues in the wake of the anticipated entry of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Particle physicists are not sure whether LHC will challenge or add to the standard model used to study particle physics presently. Moreover, LHC might explain the some controversial macrocosmic issues like dark matter in the universe. Moreover, the Higgs hypothesis of massive W and Z bosons appearing the same way as massless photons might also get answer. Nevertheless, these postulations are surrounded by numerous questions, ambiguity, and assumptions and this is what John Ellis tackles in his paper Beyond the Standard Model with the LHC. To date, physicists have only managed to define matter using the standard model of particle analysis, which raises many questions but answers few about pertinent issues like mass differences between matter and antimatter among other cosmological issues. LHC is expected to offer answers to some of these questions; however, physicists agree that for theoretical calculations at lower-energy accelerators to yield meaningful results that agree with the standard model, there has to be an unknown ingredient that is yet to be observed – the Higgs boson. Therefore, the greatest question here is, can physicists find the Higgs boson? The chances of finding the Higgs boson particle are high. This elementary cum composite particle is thought to have mass of 114 GeV. In the standard model, symmetry is already broken into vacuum, the lowest energy state. Physicists argue that just the same way a quantum particle associates with electromagnetic field, a photon in this vacuum has a particle that associates with it (the Higgs boson) whereby the photon gives masses to others and remain massless itself. If the postulated weight of this Higgs boson is 114 GeV, then the LHC will establish it provided its weight be below 200 GeV. Nevertheless, there raises the question of whether, the Higgs boson particle is elementary or composite. This leads to the hierarchy problem in which some physicists believe there is other physics beyond the standard model. The answer to this question seems to favour a composite Higgs boson. Two arguments support this postulation viz. the supersymmetric solution and possibility of extra dimensions. In supersymmetric postulation, fermions like leptons and quacks pair up to form ordinary matter with bosons like W and Z or gluons, which carry forces between the matter particles that could be the Higgs boson thus making it a composite particle. On the other side, the possibility of extra dimensions of space not the conventional three dimensions is high. There is a probability that there are other small dimensions, which are curled up but too minute to be seen. Nevertheless, the LHC is expect
Introduction In Achebe’s Things Fall Apart , Okonkwo is a wrestling champion who also acts as a leader in Umuofia, a village occupied by the Igbo ethnic entity. He is portrayed as a servant of the tribal dictates who is ready to do everything, even to kill, for the sake of his tribe, its laws, customs and traditions. The book focuses on how Okonkwo treats his children and three wives and how the Christian missionaries impact on the Igbo ethnic community in the late 19th century. Okonkwo is not a reckless man who cannot show any weakness or reveal his true feelings. He is revered in the entire village for his courage and power. This prompts the village elders to put Ikemefuna, a boy taken as a prisoner for purposes of peace settlement, into his custody. Ikemefuna’s father, who hails from another village, has killed an Umuofian, that is why Ikemefuna is to be given away to the people of Umuofia to make peace between the two tribes. Ikemefuna grows in Okonkwo’s household, and Okonkwo becomes very fond of him (Achebe, pp. 28). However, when the oracle instructs that Ikemefuna is to be killed, Okonkwo severs his head with a machete even despite the fact that he is warned by the elder that he did not need to deal with this case, the murder of the boy, because it could be hard for him as he should consider Ikemefuna as his son. Okonkwo does not pay attention to this permission because he thinks that it could make him feminine and weak. Things begin to ‘fall apart’ for Okonkwo after the murder of Ikemefuna when he is exiled for seven years for accidental killing of a man when his gun explodes. While Okonkwo is in exile, European colonizers come to Umuofia and try to convert the villagers to Christianity. Soon, a new government is introduced. Achebe’s literary work espouses many cultural issues about Igbo’s way of life that are raised in the late 19 th century. This essay seeks to highlight the cultural peculiarities that Achebe exhibits carefully in the book. A Patriarchal Society Dominated by Men Many pundits consider the Igbo a patriarchal society because men literally dominate every aspect of the tribal life. Achebe particularly wrote Things Fall Apart to counter Joyce Carry’s Mister Johnson that tried to portray the Africans as people without motives, forethought, and knowledge on other issues apart from environments where they live. The colonialists have a perception that the African population are uncontrollable, chaotic, unattainable, and evil. Achebe wants to prove the incorrectness of such an image by portraying the Igbo as an ethnic group with definitive and intricate social systems, values, and traditions (Carry, pp. 1). Achebe depicts the Igbo, or better to say, the Umuofians, as an ancient civilization when he reveals some forms of governance and law that exist in that society. Okonkwo is shown as a traditional hero who would do anything to achieve his goals. He contributes to his own downfall, thus the white men cannot be blamed. While he is in exile, the Whites’ religion and rule are introduced. This literary piece is written in English, the language of the white men who came to colonize Umuofia. However, this does not dete
Course Signature Assignment Grade level: 11 th Grade Adopted Program in English/Language Arts: Prentice Hall Literature, Prentice Hall Writing, and Grammar. Unit of Study: Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre : A Woman’s Position during the Victorian Era. Common Core Standards Addressed: “1. Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text; 2. Analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone; 3. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience; 4. Conduct short research projects to answer a question; 5. Plan and present an argument” ( California Common Core State Standards , 2013). Objectives or Student Outcomes: Students will know:   * The role of word choices in conveying the idea.   * The resources available to research biographical information.   * The aspects of women’s positions during the Victorian Era. Understand:   * In order to improve the knowledge, it is necessary to research much. Be able to do:   * Determine the main themes in work.   * Analyze the development of themes in the novel.   * Identify the features associated with the Victorian woman.   * Produce written arguments on the main topics discussed in the novel.   * Make oral presentations on the topics. Assessment: Pre-assessment: Journal entries on Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre. Formative assessments: tests, quizzes, research projects, writing assignments. Summative assessments: final writing assignments, oral presentations. Instructional Strategies Used:   * Brainstorming.   * Graphic organizers.   * Concept attainment.   * Independent research.   * Cooperative learning. Lesson               Whole-Class Activity                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Differentiated Components                                                                                            Specific Learning Disabilities                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Communication Disorders                                                                          Emotional/
With the focus on patients’ needs and the necessity to address health concerns immediately and effectively, the idea of continuous improvement is intrinsic to the realm of nursing. Herein lies the purpose of the 2008 campaign launched by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2016). However, promoting change and advancing healthcare practice requires substantial alterations in the very foundations of the nursing philosophy, particularly, the integration of non-incremental innovations as the platform for addressing public health concerns. Although the impact that the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) and the IOM have had on the quality of nursing services has been positive, a shift in the philosophy of nursing is needed to advance the idea of continuous development among nurses and the enhancement of patient education. While the integration of patient safety principles is critical to the quality of nursing care at present, one should also consider the problem of quality management in nursing on a grander scale by altering the principles of managing innovative ideas in the target environment. In turn, the proposed change will demand consistent training and greater engagement levels among nurses, which, given the current problem of high turnover rates, may lead to workplace burnouts (Stomski et al., 2018). Therefore, the redesign in the
Introduction The scenario selected for analysis and which has the potential of affecting my life or career in the future is the current megatrend of miniaturization. According to Huber (2001), “miniaturization is defined as the creation of ever-smaller scales for mechanical, optical, and electronic products and devices”. This process involves continuous development and innovations that allow developers save more space and come up with smaller devices. The main aim of miniaturization is to save space and develop less bulky products. Such innovations save the businesses a lot of time and money by reducing warehousing costs and allowing businesses to transport more products in a shorter period of time. Miniaturization is widely applicable in the development of mobile phones, nanotechnology and science fiction. Though it has enormous benefits for business, it posses certain threats and challenges to businesses and individuals. Moreover, the aspect of “shaping components of devices that are made up of complex geometry in very minute scale as well as maintaining very high dimensional accuracy will always need the use of very specific as well as physical-chemical processes” (Center for Responsible Nanotechnology, 2011, p. 1). It is also notable that the nature of the miniaturized product’s small sizes also leads to the creation of numerous problems during the process of assembling, packaging as well as testing them. Further processes of miniaturization leading to smaller devices of the nanometer scales pose other bigger challenges in their design as well as manufacture. A large number of the design principles derivation are usually based on the basis of the continuum theories which require a continuous process of substantial modifications so as to be in a position to accommodate the required principles that are closely associated with the quantum mechanics and quantum physics (Huber, 2001, pg. 11). Therefore, in order to manufacture nano-scaled components and devices there is need to pay specific attention to the process of isolating, transporting and re-assembling all the required components, including relevant molecules and atoms. Therefore I agree with Shelley (2006) who explains that the technology of “nanomachining” involves not only physical-chemical processes,but also integration and application of the molecular biology principles”. Areas where the technology could affect my life, career and future   * Ubiquitous surveillance: miniaturization has brought about a big debate regarding privacy. One of its benefits has turned out to be a threat to those opposing government scrutinies of people lives. According to Shelley (2006, p. 13), “miniaturization will all