ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Interview and assessment methods for children may vary remarkably from the techniques implied towards the adults. First, practitioners should always keep in mind, that there are significant links between maternal prenatal distress and child behavioral and cognitive outcomes (O’Connor, Monk, & Fitelson, 2013). It means that before gathering the information about the child, therapists are to know if there had been any potential psychiatric risks for the child during pregnancy, such as mother’s depression, anxiety, or stress. Second, clinicians are to keep the emphasis on the child, as the patient in most cases is the primary source of information about his or her mental health. Self-report instruments, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, along with projective-expressive techniques, such as thematic approaches, drawing, and sentence completion tasks, are to be considered during the assessment (Whitcomb, 2013). Third, therapists would need to gather information about the child from the caregivers such as parents, teachers, family doctors, and schoolteachers. Gathering relevant background information about the cultural and religious aspects of a patient’s life is also crucial. For instance, a child reports that he or she turned vegetarian diet. While in most families this may be considered as a source of conflict with other family members, in most Hindu families, where parents are most likely vegetarians, such child’s decision may become a step to reconciliation with the family. Getting to know whether the patient is religious or not is also essential, as religion is one of the first resources people turn to when faced with an illness (Pargament & Lomax, 2013). The main thing I have learned from the session is that practitioners should always keep in mind the cultural and social aspects while gathering the information from children and their caregivers. As Whitcomb (2013) mentions, today’s “assessment practices have not gone far enough in promoting equity and utility across various ethnocultural groups” (p. 136). In the future, I will not only gather information about not only the child’s socio-cultural environment but also the background of the caregivers, as it may influence the overall psychiatric assessment considerably.
Executive Summary Lenovo is China’s largest personal computer manufacturer, as well as the producer of mobile phone handsets, imaging equipment, desktops, etc; it needs a new corporate strategy that would help it to internationalize. Its range of products is quite wide, which with time might affect the quality of separate products. In order to have good reputation on the market the firm is planning to enter, it is better for it to narrow the range of the manufactured products and to concentrate on the development of a particular product and its quality. Lenovo History Lenovo has emerged in China as a distributor of personal computers, but during the first 20 years of its existence it grew into the leading computer firm in the country. Its first original product, the Legend-Chinese character card, was introduced in 1987; it brought the company 46% of profit and boosted its PC distribution. The growth of the company led to its acquiring a new name, Legend Computer Company, in 1989. The company managed to launch its own brand of PC into the Chinese market and sold 17,000 units of it in a two-year period of time. The company became the fifth-largest manufacturer of motherboards in 1995. Corporate Strategy Scope, Mission, and Intent Lenovo should be involved in the IT business for in this way it will be able to diversify the range of its products or, on the contrary, narrow it and start specializing on a separate one, just like PepsiCo focus only on package foods and beverages once (34). It is better for the company to concentrate on the national market segment for the competition in the global market will be too high for it. Lenovo’s enduring strategic purpose intent is to build international brand and become known outside Asia. Objectives If the company is planning to internationalize further, its business units and employees should focus on such performance dimensions as flexibility and application of standards. They will have to evoke trust in the consumers. The target levels of performance should be the same as the current in the case with application of standards and higher but achievable in case with flexibility. The frame for each target should be no more than two years, because the company will not be able to handle the competition otherwise. Source of Competitive Advantage Human resources form the company’s competitive advantage. China itself is a densely populated country this is why a number of people can be engaged in turning the firm into an international one. Development Strategy To achieve the desired level of growth, the firm has to clearly set objectives and work out a plan of actions to follow. It seems that narrowing the businesses rather than expanding them would help the company enhance its reputation worldwide. Diversification into new businesses will
Introduction The period shortly after World War I marked such a vivid change in the fashion of women, that it indeed shaped the future of the emancipation of femininity. Whether or not fashion is a definable mirror for social change is no better described than in terms of the ‘Flapper’ culture of the 1920’s. In many ways fashion is a mirror of cultural and social change but also of social identity and counter-culture. Exploring fashion from the times of ancient Greek culture to our modern day, we see a number of styles and expressions that recur over time, meaning that in the strictest core of our society, we keep returning to those cultures as ancient and sophisticated as they are. Fashion in the ancient Greeks The ancient Greeks set the scene for what we consider to be fashion today. Clothing had previously performed the duty of warmth and protection, but in Greece it also distinguished class difference and social standing. Fashion was loose fitting and elegant and those that wore tight fitting clothing were considered barbarians (Rymer, 2008). 1 Both men and women wore loose fitting sleeveless tunics and the distinguishing factor was that women wore these tunics to their ankles and men wore shorter versions. The wealthier you were the more colourful the tunic was, as the ‘common’ folk wore plain colours. Winter saw the introduction of heavy woolen cloaks over this (Ibid.). Women wore their hair long and curled, or braided, but slave women had their hair shorn short (Ibid.). Already with this information we are able to see how fashion distinguished class and social structures in ancient times. Hence the idea of the ‘urchin’ haircut that became popular in the 1920’s as a counter-revolutionary approach to the social norms that dictated what a woman should look like. In one sense this narrowed the gap between the rich and the poor, making it possible to have whatever style you choose regardless of what side of the food chain you were on. However, if it is considered that today the cost of hairstyling and colouring, it can be presumed thus that at times the wealthier people are still able to afford more expensive styling. Restrictive clothing The restrictive clothing of the previous years, counting up to the ‘Flapper’ era, had been a mark of the suppression of women and was shrouded in societal myth and sexual restraint but became a lesser concern after the war. When the war began, women were forced to run their countries as the men had done, working in factories, making ammunition, earning a living and looking after the home and children. Fashion changed drastically in this period partly as a practical measure and partly as a freedom expression. “In fashion history terms time never stands still. In the Edwardian era, new influences and a changing society in a young century began to challenge the stiff formality that prevailed. In the years between 1905 and 1918 clothing styles emerged that were evolutionary in bridging the gap between t
Feminization of Male Prisoners and Public Torture The photographs of tortures against Iraqi prisoners organized by American soldiers at Abu Ghraib shocked the public and provoked debates regarding the nature of demonstrated barbarity. According to researchers and experts, soldiers made prisoners stand on a box and hold electrodes to prevent any movement, wear women’s panties on their heads, walk naked wearing hoods, or walk on a leash.[1] Some of these tortures can be discussed from the perspective of feminization as an approach to dehumanizing prisoners and depriving them of their masculinity. Thus, it is important to discuss these acts of cruelty from two important theoretical perspectives: Simone de Beauvoir’s feminist approach and Michel Foucault’s views on punishment and panopticism. The issue of gender received much attention in the discussion of the situation at Abu Ghraib by researchers, and the role of changing prisoners’ gender roles as a punishment should be discussed from Beauvoir’s perspective. According to the theorist, men and women are traditionally perceived differently because males are associated with power and authority, and females can be referred to as “Other.” [2] This difference in views is imposed by social and historical conditions, and it is expected in a society that women and men play rather opposite gender roles.[3] The nakedness of Iraqi prisoners, the sexualized nature of torture, the use of women’s underpants was utilized for abusing males with the help of gender manipulation that can be discussed as a specific type of punishment. Moreover, these tortures were intended to become public with the help of demonstrations at Abu Ghraib and taking photographs that accentuated the loss of prisoners’ masculine power.[4] According to Foucault’s views, public torture is an effective means of control and demonstrating supremacy that is often used in prison.[5] In the case of Abu Ghraib, public torture became the tool for feminization and humiliation of Iraqi prisoners. Certain punitive methods and the apparatus of power can form individuals’ behaviors and control their actions through supervision, punishment, and tension. Following the assumptions of Foucault, social institutions such as prisons are considered as punitive, repressive bodies that suppress human freedom and free will.[6]
The Question of Man In the novel, ‘Apology of Mrs. Pamela Andrews’ Fielding writes about Mrs. Andrews showing that she was a wicked woman who tricked her husband into marrying her (Fieldings 123).   * Many philosophers have done research to determine if man is really good or bad.   * However, there is still no clear answer as to whether man is really good or bad.   * Man is believed to have the power to conquer evil but the questions come in because there is more evil in the world than good (Thomdike 7). There has not been a man who has been perfect in being good. Man mainly decides whether to be good or bad because he has the ability to control himself. Some extrinsic factors in the world can also lead man into doing evil in order to survive. In the novel Pamela became a conniving woman because she wanted to get married to her boss who was rich and good (Fieldings 123).   * When asked, most people believe that they are good even when others believe they are not.   * When children are taught to do good, they strive to do their best to do their best to please their parents. This shows that man is also good. Man sometimes does bad things in order to benefit himself (Thomdike 8). A man can make an action that can be perceived by different people differently. Other people may see it as a good thing while others may take it to be a bad thing (Thomdike 8). Conclusion In conclusion it has been seen that man has both the capabilities of being bad and being good. This therefore means that an evil man can change to be good and a good man can also change to do bad. Works Cited Fieldings, Henry. An apology for the life of Mrs. Pamela Andrews. University of Michigan : Garland publishers, 1974, pp. 123. Thomdike, Edward, Educational psychology: The original nature of man . Teachers college Columbia University, 1913.
Abstract In the following work the social aspect of the problem of alcoholism is discussed. The fact of its great importance and influence on society is stated. The study of some academical sources connected with this issue is given. Their main ideas serve to prove the fact of the pernicious influence of this addiction. The risk groups are also outlined. The data and methods of the researches are studied. The results of the discussion coincide with the given statement and in conclusion the necessity of the further investigation of this issue is given. Main Body Great tension of modern world, its great speed and rivalry often have bad influence on people. Living under constant pressure they begin to feel overwhelming tiredness which is very uneasy to overcome. Some people try to struggle with it. However, there is the category of people which give up and try to hide from the world and problems using all remedies which are at their disposal. Alcohol is one of them. Giving a slight feeling of relief it however does not help and just make people addictive to it. It became the great social problem as our society consists of personalities and when someone is addictive he cannot be the representative of it. Moreover it threatens the further development of society as “alcohol use is associated with the leading causes of death among youth” (Herciu, Laxer, Cole, & Leatherdale, 2014, p. 172). Sociology as the since of social behavior and its development cannot ignore this problem. Sociological imagination, the term which means the ability to see things socially and their interaction, suggests the understanding of alcoholism as the great social problem. Society loses its future and alcoholism becomes the great sociological problem of modern age which is narrowly studied, however a possible way out has not been found. There is a great number of works devoted to this issue. They try to study it from different points if view using different methods and collecting data. For example in the article A Cross-sectional Study Examining Factors Associated with Youth Binge Drinking in the COMPASS Study: Year 1 Data the authors suggest deep research of the problem of alcoholism among the youth basing on “data from 17,497 grade 9 to 12 students participating in the COMPASS Study (Year 1)” (Herciu, Laxer, Cole, & Leatherdale, 2014, p. 173). The authors show statistics of using alcohol by students. The conclusion of the work is not satisfying. The authors admit the great disposition of the youth to alcoholism. Another work Addiction and Autism: A Remarkable Comorbidity? reveals the idea of interdependence of being alcohol addict and some distortions in the work of brain and how environment can influence the development of these factors. The authors use the study of the state of 118 patients in order to prove their point. In conclusion the article says that “Autism spectrum disorders and addiction can both be perceived as developmental disorders” (Wijngaarden-Cremers, Brink, & Gaag, 2014, p. 170) and that there are some men that have aptitude to alcohol addiction and this category of people shou
Introduction Prejudice and stereotyping are phenomena that have probably been a part of human existence throughout the ages. Both phenomena arise from social categorization, which is a basic process in human interaction that has and most likely will remain a part of human existence (Stangor, 2000). Stereotypes are often the result of generalization or incorrect perception of a certain group of people, and more often than not, they are not based on fact. Though generalization is a part of daily activity, the history of the effects of prejudice should warrant communities to work hand in hand to bring an end to this trend. One major hurdle encountered in bringing an end to stereotyping and prejudice is that these concepts are formed early in life. This is not surprising as stereotypes are often a part of the culture, and children acquire them through childhood experiences. The main source of information for stereotyping arises from the observation of individuals and their interactions within a community (Stangor, 2000). In this report, the experience will be narrated to illustrate the effects of stereotyping and prejudice on the self. The Experience The experience brought out the effect of prejudice and stereotyping arose through a process of orientation upon registration in a college abroad. The trip to a foreign country and the prospects of meeting new friends and experiencing new things were all very exciting, and soon as we arrived, the group we traveled with was raring to go. After quickly unpacking essential luggage, we began to explore the campus that would be our new home. Fortunately, there were a handful of students from the same country that had been on campus throughout the holidays. This group of students have received news of our arrival and were seated in a group outside their accommodation quarters. As we continued our exploration of our new environment, we bumped into each other, and after the introductions, our orientation began. Preconceived Notions Having come from a culture where people are very warm and welcoming towards guests, the cool reception that was characteristic of the local student population was something we felt was a sign we were not welcome. As earlier stated, stereotypes are based largely on observation, and due to this fact, we quickly developed a notion that we were unwelcome (Stangor, 2000). This notion, as we later came to realize, had no truth to it and was merely an illusion created in our minds. The prevailing culture was, in fact, very welcoming and harbored a strong belief in speaking only when necessary to allow the visitor to feel at home. After the initial realization that the locals were not very social, a further notion began to grow among members of our group that the reason behind the lukewarm welcome was probably racial prejudice. This notion was extremely embarrassing in days that would follow, especially since it was backed by the absence of fact. According to Allport, prejudice is irrational as it constitutes passing judgment without sufficient warrant (Stangor
Executive Summary Public health programs are essential since they present new opportunities to individuals in need of specified services. In the United States, persons with learning, developmental, and intellectual disabilities have continued to encounter diverse challenges in their daily lives. The existing program is designed in such a way that it focuses on the experiences of all people living in different communities. The U.S. has implemented a generalized approach to the issues many people with learning disabilities face. The government has been keen to present specific resources and support systems that can support the educational and career goals of these individuals. However, there are specific gaps that make it impossible for these citizens to lead high-quality lives. This proposal presents specific guidelines, procedures, and technologies that can transform the current program and ensure that more Americans with learning and developmental disabilities overcome their challenges and become more empowered. Introduction The American Constitution supports a scenario whereby the government promotes the welfare, outcomes, and rights of all citizens without prejudice or discrimination. People with various learning difficulties require timely support and services if they are to realize their potential. Unfortunately, most of the existing systems and programs aimed at meeting the demands of these people are inadequate. This proposal presents a new idea that can address the gaps in the current program to ensure that more beneficiaries realize their aims. Background Information Community members expect the government to provide high-quality services and support systems that can meet their demands. In 2016, the United States had around 6.2 million citizens with various learning or developmental disabilities (American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2016). The majority of them were living in their respective care centers and homes. Others were indifferent apartments. While some have access to helpers, support systems, and resources, a large proportion lives in segregated regions without adequate opportunities. Heller (2019) indicates that modern technologies and models can empower more people with these disabilities to lead high-quality lives and achieve their potential. This aim is attainable if they receive timely support, education, and career opportunities. Without these programs and resources in place, more people will encounter diverse challenges and increase the level of dependency. Failures and Successes The
Which concept or concepts related to marketing this company is following, justify your answer The close analysis of how Procter & Gamble addresses the task of ensuring a high commercial appeal of its line of products in the Arabian FMCG market, allows us to define the Company subdivision’s (Procter & Gamble Gulf FZE) approach to marketing, as such that draws on the ‘societal marketing’ concept of what this activity it ought to be about. According to this concept, the realities of contemporary living presuppose that nowadays, the best way for just about any corporate vendor of goods and services to go about solidifying/expanding its share of the targeted market is adjusting the offered goods/services to be thoroughly consistent with this market’s continually fluctuating demands. The concept’s another crucial provision is that, while trying to remain thoroughly competitive, companies must pay close attention to the ethics-related societal effects of their functioning. As Laczniak and Murphy noted: “Firms have an unwavering ethical obligation to attend to the claims of affected parties (e.g., employees, customers, suppliers, the host community), insofar as the company negatively influenced or benefited from actions affecting those stakeholders” (287). The ideal state of affairs, in this respect, would be when a company can ensure both: that the chosen marketing strategy does help it to ‘saturate’ the targeted segment of the market, and that the process of this company becoming ever more commercially efficient does have a positive long-term effect on the affiliated society. In light of the above-stated, Procter & Gamble Gulf can be referred to as the actual example that it indeed proves beneficial for a transnational corporation to invest in paying genuine interest to what accounts for the targeted consumers’ lifestyles, on one hand, and in embracing the spirit of corporate social responsibility (CSR), on the other. The suggestion that Procter & Gamble Gulf is indeed affiliated with the specifically the societal paradigm of marketing can be illustrated, in regards to the following:  1. While operating in the Gulf Region, Procter & Gamble never ceased being observant of the cultural and religious specifics of the area’s business environment, which in turn helped the Company to strengthen the integrity of its reputation, as a socially responsible commercial enterprise. To illustrate the validity of this statement, we can refer to the fact that Procter & Gamble Gulf has always been known for its willingness to adjust the advertisement campaigns of the marketed FMCGs to be consistent with the ethical conventions of Islam. For example, according to Bankhar: “Procter and Gamble a multinational company wanted to promote one of their well-known brands, Buitoni Pasta. After its (company’s) acknowledgement of the Saudi conservative culture, it decided to advertise the product using an image of the pasta and catchy slogan, instead of using a woman model” (11). Thus, the Company’s managers do recognize the importance of marketing FMCGs in the m