ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The integration of regional economies through trade was generally seen as a unifying factor due to the reduction of international trade barriers. The objective was to increase material wealth of the people improving the economies of the nations through good global relations, competition and specialization. According to Clark (1998, p.482), globalization refers to the process driven by political, socio-cultural, economical, technological and biological factors with an aim of creating free trade within the nations of the world. Economist and social scientists speculated a growth in almost all the sectors of economy such as finance, agriculture, information and technology, politics and governance, medical and educational sectors with respect to human rights and biodiversity. However, these projected benefits of globalization were later watered by critics who argued that it is a movement aimed at, not only lowering people’s standard of living through ethnic conflicts, urban decay and poor health, but also one leading to criminal violence, terrorism, illegal trade, environmental degradation and economic meltdown (Fiss, & Hirsch, 2005, p.30). However, as the paper tables, though globalization has its strengths that cannot be compromised, it is also worth highlighting how it has significantly affected the financial management of the US in several ways during the recent witnessed recession. Effects of Globalization During the recent witnessed recession in the US, globalization came in as a disaster that significantly favored the recession. The disastrous financial and economic problems in the USA and widespread protest against the World Trade Organization (WTO) and consumer boycotts in the developing countries were due the hazards of globalization whose concepts were regarded positive. While globalization has its own merits, the paper tables the many ways, both positive and negative, that it affected the aforementioned issue of recession in the US. Globalization has created a different situation in USA according to a poll conducted for Wall Street Journal and NBC news in, 2008. Its impact has been so great on jobs and career in the financial sector such as banking, finance, insurance industries and their intermediaries in addition to securities, commodities and other investments. Thus mutual distrust amongst major financial institutions in the global market for inter-bank loans created credit crisis in the US, which made it difficult for the banks to receive loans (Pascal, & Bob, 1993, p. 25). Financial service sectors were consolidated and restructured in an attempt to improve and increase their productivity and the capacity to compete on regional and global markets thus increases employment in the other sectors. This extensive merging of firms displaces several workers with some remaining jobless. Therefore, the act of seeking economies of scale by financial service sector adversely influences the ambition and wish of Americans who were eying the sector. For instance, prior to recession employment in the insurance branch was estimated to rise by about seven percent between 2006 and 2016, but this was constrain
Socialization is one of the central factors needed for the successful development of any person. Individuals belong to various communities, and interaction with their members is one of the core components of everyday life and evolution. The importance of this process is evidenced by the fact that since his/her childhood, a person learns how to communicate and acquires specific language skills needed to engage in cooperation with surrounding people. In such a way, language becomes a leading tool that is used to learn, collaborate, and socialize at different levels. Unfortunately, some problems might introduce barriers to mastering needed communication skills and become a member of social discourse. One of the causes for the appearance of these issues is an inborn disability that might presuppose the need for specific methods to educate a child and guarantee a chance for integration with society. The paper is devoted to the description of autism spectrum disorder, its basic elements, language skills peculiar to children with this disease, and challenges they have to overcome to socialize. Characteristics Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) belongs to complex and complicated neurodevelopment diseases that are characterized by the existence of specific behavioral patterns. These include repetitive models, difficulties with communication with peers, problematic interaction, and inability to make a compromise (Reed, p. 236). Usually, symptoms appear in early childhood and affect all spheres of a person’s life. Today, the term ASD also includes various conditions that were previously treated as separate ones, which include autism, childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger’s syndrome (Adamson, Bakeman, Suma, & Robins, 2019). The form of the disease affects the ability to perform activities of daily living or introduces the need for substantial support (Urbano, Raffaele, Kreiser, Flaherty, & Hartmann, 2019). There are no critical differences in incidence rates among various ethnic groups or socioeconomic levels as representatives of multiple populations might acquire this disorder. However, statistics also show that boys belong to the risk group as they are more likely to develop ASD if compare with girls (Urbano et al., 2019). Speaking about the etiology of the disease, there are unified perspectives on the primary causes of ASD. The complexity of the given state, differences in symptoms, and various behavioral patterns support the idea that there can be many causes for the evolution of the given illness. However, the modern perspective assumes that genetics plays a critical role as for some of the children, there are also corresponding genetic disorders and mutations increasing the risk of acquiring ASD (Reed, p. 239). Some of these might be inherited, while others appear spontaneously and cannot be predicted. Additionally, there are research projects aimed at the investigation of such factor
Introduction Various movements within Islam may differ in their interpretations of the Quran. In this case, much attention should be paid to the way in which they distinguish formal and semantic elements that can be used to understand the ethical messages incorporated in this book. This paper is aimed at examining the approach taken by the representatives of Ismailism. It should be mentioned that it is a very important branch of Shia Islam. Overall, their interpretation is based on such a notion as i’jaz or inimitability of the Quaran in terms of its meaning as well as style. As a rule, they focus primarily on the content and implied meaning of this text, rather than its formal elements; in their view, meaning can appeal to every individual regardless of his/her ethnicity, language, or cultural background. Therefore, Ismaili scholars attach importance to the esoteric interpretation which is supposed to uncover the hidden messages that can be included in the Quran. Under such circumstances, the critical role is played by imams who have the authority to examine and uncover the semantic aspects of the text. This is the main thesis that should be examined more closely. Two approaches to the interpretations of the Quran It should be noted that Islamic scholars distinguish two important aspects of the Quran. At first, they mention such a notion as zahr or outer elements of the text, but they also distinguish batn or inner meaning of the same textual passage (Ayoub, 2013, p. 36). Thus, some of them may prefer the exoteric interpretation which focuses on the outer elements of the text; nevertheless, other scholars may adopt esoteric approach that is supposed to uncover the main message which may not be clearly articulated. Very often, such messages are not apparent (Ayoub, 2013). Each of these methods has certain advantages and disadvantages. For instance, exoteric approach can be useful for explaining how word choices, syntax, or structure influence the meaning of the text. However, this approach can be too narrow because a person may be able to apply the text of the Quran only to specific situations. In turn, esoteric method can be useful for finding allegorical meaning. However, this method can be too subjective. The knowledge of these distinctions is important for showing of how Ismailis can interpret the messages articulated by the Prophet Muhammad. The origins of Ismaili approach to interpretation The debates about the interpretation of the Quran arose because it was necessary to show that this text was the divine revelation. In order to highlight this idea, some Muslims prefer to focus on such an aspect as style which includes such elements as eloquence, diction, rhyme, and so forth. Nevertheless, the representatives of Ismailism do not fully accept this approach because in this case, only the speakers of the Arabic language can appreciate the beauty of this text (Poonawala, 1988, p. 382). In turn, the translation of the Quran into any foreign language may deprive the text of its beauty. This issue became particularly important at the time, when Islam was e
The purpose of Jonathan Swift’s essay is to satirize the solutions to poverty issues in eighteenth-century Ireland. The text begins with the description of the realities of society living in the time of famine. Families with starving children are a common sight on the streets. As parents do not have the resources to feed their children, they live in poverty. Mothers are forced into begging, while children resort to stealing and other crimes. The narrator reasons that the abundance of offsprings who have to be fed, yet do not produce any products and services themselves, is a burden to the kingdom. Since small children are not capable of work, they only constitute the source of expenditures to families and the country. The narrator mentions other public issues, such as abortions and deliberate child injuries. He believes that despite the children’s age, lack of skills, and continuous drain of resources, they still can be useful. The narrator calculates that until a child reaches the age of one, they are relatively cheap to feed since they only rely on their mother’s milk. Breastfeeding on a regular basis makes children healthy and increases their body mass. The narrator suggests that a proportion of the infant population can be sold to wealthy people as food. He reasons that his solution may resolve the abortion problem because all children will bring benefit to society, as well as end the famine as they can be served as meals. The narrator adds that the remaining number of children will be sufficient for breeding future generations. Overall, the essay is a satire meant to bring the mistreatment of poor people to public attention.
Abstract This analytical essay presents a comparison between the educational systems of the United States and Colombia. The Works Cited page appends two sources in MLA format. Introduction Education in the United States is basically provided by the government with control and funds coming in from three levels: federal, state, and local. School attendance is necessary and nearly universal at the elementary and high school levels. Locally elected school boards with jurisdiction over school districts set the school curriculum, funds, teaching as well as other policies at this level. Local jurisdictions and school districts are usually separate, with independent officials and budgets. Educational standards and standardized testing decisions are usually made by state governments. The exceptional quality of Colombia’s educational system is the composition of public and private enrollments at the diverse levels of education. Where most primary (81 percent) and secondary (72 percent) students go to public institutions, 70 percent of students attend private higher education institutions. This dissimilarity has to do with higher education institutions’ role as comparatively good businesses and public institutions having their intensification limited due to fiscal restraint. The educational system is inclusive of kindergartens (preschool facilities), primary schools, secondary schools, and other educational facilities that present training in the industry, domestic science, veterinary science, business, nursing, theology, and art. The preponderance of the country’s universities is located in the capital city, even though there are colleges in other main cities such as Medellín, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Popayán, and Cali (Colombia Education, p.1). Comparison and Personal Opinion Concerning the age of entry to school education in the U.S., it is different, according to the state, between 5 and 7 years of age, 6 being the most common; and the age of leaving differs between 16 and 18 years of age, the most common being 16. The extent of primary education differs from four to seven years. According to its length, it is followed by three years of middle school education. Secondary education occurs in grades 7-12, depending upon the rules and policies of states and local school districts. No national structure, curriculum, or governing law is present. There is no national structure, curriculum, or governing law; all laws and policies are laid down and imposed by the 50 state governments and the over 14,000 local school districts. The twelfth grade has been set as the completion of secondary school, and the widespread name for the secondary graduation qualification is the High School Diploma. This diploma name covers a diversity of awards for a variety of curricula and standards. There are Honors/Regents, academic/college introductory, professional, and general/basic high school diploma tracks. There is a state-wide minimum course obligation and other graduation requirements in each State which more often than not corresponds to the general/basic track. Vocational and academic/colleg
Introduction A variety of factors influenced the success of our team. Leading in a Big Way had a vision to complete its weekly assignments in time and score the best grades. The team began its operation by setting goals and planning how to meet them. The team is composed of seven members. Each of the members had responsibilities. Michael was the Facilitator, Laurie the Editor, Laura the Time Keeper, Amanda the Note Taker, Randy the Compiler, and Ryan the Team Leader. Team Objectives The team set three objectives. The first one was to maintain open lines of communication throughout the four-week process. The team leader, Ryan, used motivational strategies to encourage all members to take part in teamwork. The leader also constantly reminded the members to use communication channels such as emails and phone calls to remain in touch and beat the competition. All the members were quick to buy into the vision. The team adopted the name “Leading in a Big Way” consequential to the success of the efforts of the leadership to motivate all members to own the process. Because of the motivation, the members accepted willingly to maintain open lines of communication until the end of the project. The next goal was to follow the formatted “Weekly Assignments” through completion. Our team successfully achieved this objective. Having developed and adopted effective modes of communication, the team faced no major obstacles on its way to following the formatted assignment. All members had responsibilities to ensure we achieved this goal, being the core business of the group. The Facilitator Michael and Team Time Keeper Amanda performed their duties well prompting the agenda of the team. They kept the members updated on the schedule. In addition, the team leader offered sufficient oversight service creating conducive learning atmosphere. Efficient communication made it easy to understand weakness in our system. The group adopted teamwork, which ensured that the absence of a team member never affected our progress negatively. Whenever some of our members had issues to sort out and could not turn up for our weekly discussions, they passed across the information and the team often accommodated their interests. As a result, we lost no time due to lateness enabling us to follow the formatted “Weekly Assignments” through completion. The third objective that we also met was to achieve the score of at least one on each topic on the Group Evaluation Document. The team, “Leading in a Big Way,” had leadership structures that promoted participation making achieving group goals incredibly feasible. The structure of the team gave each member the responsibility of improving the scope of the team to meet its objectives. The structure designated crucial procedural responsibilities for each member and motivated every individual to own our project. Motivati
Introduction The most interesting topic in the book ‘ The Essence of Anthropology ’ by Haviland, Prins, Walrath, and McBride can be found in Chapter 2 named ‘ Biology and Evolution ’. The chapter is based on Charles Darwin’s theory of random variations and how scientists in the contemporary scenario have build up on that to divulge how diversity comes up from alterations in the DNA and how it leads to the complexity in creature or perhaps even cultures. It is extremely important in the context anthropology and science because it enumerates the fundamentals of evolution theories and scientific evaluation of evolution, the single most important aspect of life on earth. The chapter clarifies the process of evolution with the statement, “ Evolution, the major organizing principle of the biological sciences, also accounts for the diversity of life on earth. Theories of evolution provide mechanisms for change and explanations for how the variety of organisms, both in past and today, came into being ” (Haviland, Prins, Walrath and McBride, 29). Thus, it is clear that this is the most interesting chapter of the book and the most essential element in the study of anthropology. Background Darwin suggested that all living organisms had descended from a single or perhaps a few unique types. He proposed that, organisms gradually start altering and diversifying and this was a very natural course. The species, which possessed trait variants, which were conducive in the surroundings it lived in, would produce, continue to exist in a more flourishing manner as compared to the species with inappropriate variants. Thus, these beneficial traits would accrue eventually by an anticipated practice of “natural selection.” The article points out that his theory met with huge appreciation but at the same time was subject to some criticism too. Analysis Particularly interesting in the chapter is the explanation of how the discovery of DNA helped reveal the theory of variation. Darwin endorsed the concept of blending inheritance that put forward the scheme in which the progeny exhibit intermediary attributes of their parents. However, Darwin acknowledged that the assumption had a drawback for the reason that if traits actually blended, then all uncommon new variant would be gradually diluted generation by generation. James D. Watson and Francis Crick came up with a structure for the DNA molecule, which had dramatic repercussions on the understanding of heredity and variation. They proposed that DNA, a two-stranded helix, had a backbone comprised of recurring chains of sugar and phosphate. The two strands of the polymer were joined by the balanced combination of four probable chemical bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine (A, C, G, T), which form the base of the geneti
Song of Myself: Part I The title of this poem is “Song of Myself” and it raises several queries concerning the poet’s intentions. I was expecting this poem to have strong rhythmic elements but this was not the case. Therefore, I did additional research and found that the original title of the poem has changed a few times since 1855. Initially, the poem was known as “Poem of Walt Whitman” and then “Walt Whitman” before it eventually acquired its current title in 1881. The insistence on ‘self’ and Walt Whitman indicates that the poem is very personal to the author. In addition, I reckon that Whitman is very insistent on expressing his true self through “Song of Myself”. The first half of Whitman’s poem tracks the element of ‘self’ in a number of ways. First, the poet is quick to signify the start of his journey in the poem’s opening. Consequently, the “I” in the poem is most likely the voice of the poet who is speaking to “you” or the reader. The “I” is introduced in the first line of the poem as the overall voice of the poem while the “you” follows in the second line. This strategy also places both the poet and the reader on the same platform. Consequently, the poet has the ability to take the reader through his journey of birth and self-discovery. The poet begins his journey of self-discovery by “observing a spear of summer grass and inviting his soul” (Whitman 1). The poet promises the reader to look inwards when seeking answers to some of life’s quagmires. In the “Song of Myself”, the poet has a good idea of what it takes to access oneself. According to the poet, in order to seek himself the n
Creating a Health Campaign Slogan for Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by an infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli. It is manifested through fever and small lesions in the lungs, as well as other parts of the body (Whitman, 2000). Effective management of tuberculosis entails creating awareness about various factors that typify its transmission. One of the most effective ways of doing this is through a health campaign. Health care experts argue that there is an urgent need to develop effective strategies that will end the tuberculosis epidemic around the world (Serlin, 2010). The most important element of a health campaign developed to increase awareness about the disease is the slogan. This is the phrase that introduces the subject matter of a cause. The slogan should be short, simple, specific, and easy to remember. This is crucial in ensuring the continuity of a campaign message (Whitman, 2000). A good example of an effective campaign slogan for tuberculosis is, Be Aware because Tuberculosis is Out There . Studies have established that health campaigns for infectious diseases have a different dimension compared to that of sexually transmitted diseases. There are a number of factors that should be considered in creating a health campaign for tuberculosis. First, it is important to consider ways through which it is spread. Unlike sexually transmitted diseases that are spread through intercourse, tuberculosis is airborne. The fact that the virus can spread through sneezing and coughing it means that more people are vulnerable (Serlin, 2010). People have less control over their chances of contracting tuberculosis because there is no need for physical contact. Second, it is important to consider the level of awareness in society (Serlin, 2010). A health campaign slogan for tuberculosis should be developed in a manner that attracts the attention of people vulnerable to its numerous risks, which are hard to identify and manage. The level of awareness about sexually transmitted diseases among people is higher compared to that of tuberculosis, owing to the fact the risk factors of the latter are hard to identify (Whitman, 2000). Third, it is important to consider the various ways that people can protect themselves from contracting the disease. Options for prevention against tuberculosis are very limited compared to those of sexually transmitted diseases (Serlin, 2010). The fact that people interact with each other all the time, the chances of contracting tuberculosis are very high. This is common in places with high population density (Whitman, 2000). The case of sexually transmitted diseases is different because people have numerous options for protecting themselves. They include abstaining from sex and using contraceptives such as condoms. An effective slogan for a tuberculosis health campaign should focus on encouraging people to undertake regular health checkups, as this is one of the few options that can reduce the chance