ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Rousseau’s discourse about the notion of self-love in its two manifestations is an appealing and insightful one. The philosopher differentiates between amour de soi-même (self-love) and amour-propre (vanity), distinct in their virtue. Indeed, on the one hand, self-love as a mere natural feeling of love toward one’s self is opposite to vanity. It might be defined as “a natural sentiment which moves every animal to be vigilant in its preservation and which, directed in man by reason and modified by pity, produces humanity and virtue” (Rousseau, 106). Vanity, or egocentrism, on the other hand, is an opposite sentiment, the one that originates artificially in society due to the coexistence of individuals with others. In particular, the philosopher states that it “moves each individual to value himself more than anyone else, which inspires in men all the evils they cause one another, and which is the true source of honor’ (Rousseau, 106). The two notions are different in the nature of desire, which is natural in the case of self-love, and artificial in the case of vanity. The natural form of self-love is deprived of comparisons to others and exists in the natural world as a mere characteristic of the need of an individual to strive and survive. Such a form of self-love implies that a person does not need anyone else to validate the value of his or her existence. Indeed, “each particular man regards himself as the only spectator who observes him, as the only being in the universe that takes an interest in him, as the only judge of his own merit” (Rousseau, 106). Such a form of love is good since it leads to human happiness, promoting self-efficacy. On the other hand, vanity or egocentrism is a bad type of self-love since it promotes comparison with others in a society, which ultimately leads to atrocities. Due to vanity, people regard others compared to themselves and judge them as weaker, ultimately committing offenses. In the philosopher’s opinion, the cause of inequalities in different spheres of the life of societies is in the adherence to the bad type of self-love. Originally, all human beings belonged to a natural world where all species were equal until a physical transformation in their constitution occurred. It ultimately led to the differences in their physical and psychological state. In particular, “improved or declined and acquired various good or bad qualities which were not inherent in their nature, the others remained longer in their original state” (Rousseau, 33). Over time, with social ties, a moral or psychological inequality emerged due to the differences in property and wealth. The wealthy experienced more power and independence than the poor, which led to social, economic, and political inequality. In his novel 1984 , Orwell unfolds the intrinsic features of a totalitarian society. A totalitarian political regime is a system of state laws and conduct that presuppose one-party rule centered around a singular idea, which is commonly pursued by violent and oppressive means. To force the population to abide by the totalitarian rules, the rulers eliminate any opportunity for individual accomplishment
Running the Meeting Every person wants his or her meeting to succeed. The meeting will be successful “if the planning process is effective” (Burdett 2003, p. 182). To begin with, my team members had the best planning process for the meeting. This process explains why we achieved the targeted goals. I also outlined the best questions, issues, and concerns for the meeting. I also read widely to develop the best skills and strategies. This would make the meeting successful. I also liaised and coordinated with the other team members. It is appropriate for different team members to work closely if their meeting is to be successful. I also created the meeting’s agenda, time-plan, and personal contributions. It was my duty to prepare flyers and minutes for the meeting. I used the documents to communicate with every client and stakeholder. It is also appropriate to have a set of goals and expectations from a given meeting. I outlined the targeted goals and communicated them to every team member. The approach helped the members to focus on the targeted goals. The targeted objective was to come up with new ideas and opinions that could help our organization provide quality services to the clients. The meeting also presented the best information to the targeted stakeholders and clients. My other goal was to make the meeting fruitful. I worked hard to achieve most of the intended goals. The meeting was successful because every individual presented the best ideas. This addressed the issues affecting most of the clients (Smith & Blanck 2002). The meeting examined some of the emerging issues such as recruitment, management, and retention of new talent in the industry. I also gained new ideas and concepts towards the best organizational practices. The meeting was successful because every person was happy with the results. Every member focused on the needs of the clients and stakeholders. However, it would be appropriate to make the next meeting more successful. The first thing is to have a “good time-plan for the meeting” (Smith & Blanck 2002, p. 297). The approach will address every issue affecting the clients. I will also allocate enough time and resources for the next meeting. This will give every member enough time to express his or her views. The other thing is to give every team member a specific role before beginning the meeting (Smith & Blanck 2002). I will also introduce the use of information systems (IS) to ensure the individuals make evidence-based decisions. Every member will have equal participation throughout the meeting. Such amendments will make the next meeting profitable. My Impact As one of the team members, I applied my competencies to make the meeting successful. To begin with, I designed the best plan to ensure the meeting was coordinated in a proper manner (Smith & Blanck 2002). I also encouraged every team member to participate in the agenda. I used personal introductions and questions to explore the needs and expectations of different bus
Executive summary Apple and AT&T, the largest U.S. mobile service provider entered into an agreement that would see both companies introduce the iPhone into the U.S. carrier market of handsets. According to the agreement, AT&T would be the soul service provider for iPhone while the iPhone company would be the sole distributor with the latter holding 10% of iPhone revenue. IPhone as a brand did much better in terms of sales than their previous brand, the iPod reason being that the iPhone encompassed the iPod in a cell phone and in nearly 74 day had sold one million set of the new iPhone, which is the highest number of handsets ever sold by any cell phone company in the history of US mobile handset industry. Although the iPhone had done much better than iPod which had taken two years to sell a similar number, the iPhone faced steep challenges from other smart phone and cell phone providers. Analysis of Facts The new iPhone displayed Apples prowess in developing new application like the user interface (UI) technology. This application allowed iPhone handsets to have a multi-touch wide screen than having a key pad; the screen took most of its surface giving the new handset a unique and catchy shape. The touch screen functionality improved the iPhone video quality and functionality. Problem Statement By apple signing with AT&T mobility meant that phone users in the U.S. had to subscribe with AT&T Mobility. This locked users into a commitment which lasted for two years with the same carrier. AT&T offered GSMs voice network which was in contrast to other network providers who used the CDMA standard, AT&T mobility offered it client’s unlimited access to its Edge network. This limited the iPhone. On top of this, the new iPhone handset faced a lot of pressure from other quarters. Firstly, the handset could not support the 3G network, it was relatively slow to other smart phone handsets that were on the market, according to business this was a raw deal as the phone could not much modern business enabling trends like e-mail and browsing, the iPhone manufacturer could not upgrade the handset because it relayed on the Edge network, which provided only 2G to 2.5G. Also, the plan by iPhone to face out cheaper models of the brand and reduce the price of the 8GB and the 4GB iPhone provided unprecedented challenges especially with its customer. The Solutions of facts The iPnone set to resolve the problems of the handset by Promising to launch a 3G enabled handset by late 2008, but in the meantime advised its customers to migrate and tap into the Wi-Fi technology that was generally faster than the Edge network. The iPhone general manager, Steve Jobs, decided to tackle the problem of facing out cheaper iPhone handsets by mollifying those customers with cheap iPhone handsets with a $100 Apple store credit. The other problem that presented itself with the new iPhone
Introduction Social desirability bias is the trait of personality that makes an individual to be accepted in interpersonal as well as social relationships. This is also having qualities of a leader, becoming popular, being approved, and possessing qualities that make someone desirable as a companion. This leads to a situation where the answers given by the respondent to the questions favours other people. It includes exaggerating when the behaviour is good and failing to report bad behaviour. Many problems arise from filling questionnaires because there is interference with the interpretation of the data. Social desirability bias in postgraduate students When writing reports about personality and the use of drugs, the information given is underestimated most of the time due to the pressure by the beliefs in society. When a question is asked about the use of drugs, the respondent assumes that drug abuse is illegal and ends up denying or rationalizing the use of drugs (Fisher 2000). Social desirability bias should ensure that the assumptions made are clearly stated and the conclusion is according to the information that is provided. The generalization of data should be warranted and the students know the difference between weak arguments and strong arguments. Postgraduate students are affected by bias when giving reports and the information gathered is distorted. The preference in learning involves the way learners perceive and remember learning and the methods of teaching that the students prefer. Improvement in learning is brought about by the methods of teaching being in accordance with what the students expect. It is very important for all students to attend lectures because absenteeism may be because of a lack of interest in learning. Performance is affected by the attendance of classes, which may change the environment of teaching if students rely on materials from websites without attending lectures (Delroy 1991). Postgraduate master students’ academic work Masters program takes two years within which nine courses are studied. The courses, which are related to the program are half the total and are compulsory to all students. There is a challenge when giving tests to the students because the questions given are in the form of an essay. Some of the courses are optional where students choose subjects according to their interests and ability. The classes of postgraduate masters students per week are few and fewer complexes and they attend seminars in their respective departments. During the study, it is required that every student should maintain a grade B on average; the lower grade will result in failure. Masters students are involved in public speaking in the form of teaching in a classroom, attending seminars, or joining a journalism club. They also assist in teaching during the semester depending on the course and its requirements and may take a lot of time. The students have a laboratory, which they use when doing a thesis. When
The St. Peter’s Basilica is a catholic church which has been revived with the influence of classical models present between 14 th and 16 th centuries (McCurry, 58). Contrary to what many people believe, the church is not a cathedral. The basilica has been the recipient of many Christian worshipers from all over the world since 4 th century. Pilgrims have traveled from countries like Japan and Greenland to worship there (McCurry, 60). Others have just come to adore the architectural expertise evident from the building which has immense history. It is located right in the middle of the Vatican City in Italy. The Vatican City is the smallest country in the world and has been dedicated to catholic worship. Its interior is larger than any other Christian church in the world, and most Catholics regard the church as the holiest place on earth. Others believe that the church is special in the eyes of God. Catholics view it as the supreme church or the father of all churches. According to history, the church was initially intended to be the burial site for saints with the name Peter. Therefore, Peter (the Jesus’ disciple and the first pope) is believed to have been buried at a place which the basilica was built. It is believed that his burial place is just beneath the altar in the church although the exact location has never been proven yet. Afterwards, popes have been buried in this church since the era of pioneering Christians (McCurry, 80). The church is an outstanding piece of architectural work and even some regard it as the greatest structure in the modern history. It has a dome centrally placed on top of it which forms a prominent part of the city’s skyline. The dome is one of the largest in the world and is placed at the center of the basilica; therefore, it occupies a lot of space. The basilica is shaped in the form of a Latin cross which has one elongated side. The initial building was still in form of a cross but all the sides were equal. The interior is enormous decorated with limestone, thin covering of gold, sculptures and designs standing out from the wall surfaces. There are various tombs belonging to popes, but the major attraction is the ceremonial canopy over the altar which was designed by Michelangelo (McCurry, 81). The initial St. Peter’s Basilica was built in the middle years of the 4 th century by the Emperor Constantine; who was trying to convert the whole Roman Empire citizens to Christians. The church had a basic cross shape
Religion is one of the most significant elements for immigrant groups. Religious beliefs and rituals unite people with common roots in the United States. The religion of the Jamaica West Indies people is the chosen cultural element to consider. The Jamaica West Indies, according to the interviewee, practice Methodist and Anglican traditions which are branches of Christianity ( Methodist vs Anglican , n.d). These two directions are connected with each other more than with other religious Christian traditions. Methodism is more common as it offers a greater focus on spiritual practices, as the Anglican Church is more formal. Jamaica West Indies immigrants additionally bring features of their culture into the Christian religious traditions, which is reflected in the integration of music into worship, which is not characteristic of the original branches. In the home country of the interviewee, the Methodist and Anglican traditions are extremely common. It is noted that in the country more than 60% of the population professes the Christian religion, while the rest practice local directions, including Rastafarianism ( Faith , n.d). The historical roots of the Christian faith in Jamaica come from Europe and, along with the Methodist and Anglican churches, there are “Roman Catholic, Baptist, Presbyterian, Pentecostal, Seventh Day Adventist, Moravian” ( Faith , n.d). It is also important that the island has more churches per square kilometer than any other country. This fact emphasizes how important the Christian faith in its various traditions is for the local population ( Faith , n.d). Moreover, several educational institutions in Jamaica, as well as charit
Born in Seville in 1094, Ibn Zuhr is one of the most renowned physicians and surgeons of his time. He was born in an elite family which had produced generations of professionals such as physicians, juries and poets (Abdel-Halim, 133). Later in his early 40s, he fled to Marrakesh where he was jailed for seven years. However, after the city of Seville was conquered by another dynasty in the year 1147, he returned there and devoted his life to practicing medicine (Bachour, 44). His legacy in medical practice did not end with his death since his daughter and his granddaughter also emerged as great physicians in Spain. This way, they continued to propagate their family legacy in medical practice (Glick, Livesey and Wallis, 26). His contributions are incalculable. In fact, although he was a renowned physician and surgeon, his prowess in writing and philosophy overshadowed all this (Abdel-Halim, 138). He wrote books that described his surgical operations, simplifying them for the benefit of the common men who could not understand medical jargons (Azar, 74). He clearly described major therapies in sequential basic steps, which would enable a man to undertake therapy without any help of a medical practitioner. Thus, his series of books were translated into different languages to aid other medical professionals in learning his techniques and procedures (Abdel-Halim, 135). This has made his contributions to the field of medicine popular and useful up to date with many generations learning and practicing them. Thus, Ibn Zuhr was a man of many achievements. The contributions made by Ibn Zuhr to the field of medicine are numerous. However, the most famous of his contribution is the development of controversial surgical procedures (Glick, Livesey and Wallis, 32). Most notable is animal testing, where he emerged as the first person to ever test surgical procedures in animals before practicing the same on people (Abdel-Halim, 140). He is famous for disliking and publicly opposing medical speculation (Azar, 80). Therefore, he insisted on practicality and precision. He first tested tracheotomy operation with a goat to verify whether breathing through the trachea is possible. Following the success of this experiment, he treated a girl who had cut her throat in an attempted murder (Bachour, 49). He later published this information in a book that served as the basis for the development of tracheotomy surgery (Abdel-Halim, 145). Another contribution made consists in patient feeding. In the early days, it was difficult to feed patients who could not use their mouths. Therefore, it was very difficult to treat patients who could not receive food through normal feeding. Due to this, Ibn Zuhr tested whether direct feeding could be undertaken through the gullet. This way, he paved a way for feeding patients who could not receive food through their mouths (Azar, 77). Therefore, Ibn Zuhr goes down in history as the person who invented an alternative feeding method for humans. Further, Ibn Zuhr developed proficiency in the treatment of bladder stone, where he performed surgical operations to remove it (Glick, Livesey and Wallis, 54). However, he later experimente
Introduction A contingency plan is an essential tool in the preparation of a retirement plan and an estate management plan. The goal of this contingency plan is guarantee the maximum possible use of existing and anticipated financial resources by coordinating all of the assets, liabilities, and other sources of income of an individual. In the process of developing a contingency plan, it is assumed that and individual has the willingness and capability to undertake necessary cash and investment commitments. Furthermore, there is also the need to be uniquely identified in order to come up with appropriate recommendations. This will ensure that the plan is realistic, effective, and efficient. Discussion In the current setting, the level of risk tolerance is moderate. Therefore, the willingness to take on risks is similar to the capacity to assume risks. Given that existing income requirements for the portfolio are minimal, there has to be a total return methodology on the continuing capital gains rather than the creation of current income. However, existing liquid assets are adequate to offer cash reserves during any emergency (Kapoor, Dlabay, & Hughes, 2012). Since the wish is to retire after 32 years of active employment, the key objective is to have a balanced portfolio in order to have sufficient retirement income. In such a case, it is important to manage the financial assets by having a portfolio comprising both taxable accounts as well as two IRAs. The calculations for this plan are based on average annual inflation being at four percent with the social security inclusion being at fifty percent. The bond mutual funds are at 4% with the equities giving a return of between 5-10%. On the other hand, annuities amount to around 5% with social security COLA rates being at 3%. The personal residence and property growth rates are at 2%. The inflation of the college expenses stands at 7%. The family assets, cash-value life- insurance, as well as liabilities are defined at present market value (Kapoor, Dlabay, & Hughes, 2012). The key strategy is to join an investment club and then to manage a portfolio of nearly eight to ten minor capitalization of stocks. Furthermore, investments will be done on mutual funds that are well managed due to their high-quality complements towards the personal stock holdings. Consequently, investments will be done in the other partner’s IRA but in a fund that focuses on high quality large capitalization companies. The smaller IRA can be invested in an aggressive expansion small cap fund while the other taxable assets will be invested in the equity income fund, a money market fund, a global fund and finally, to a short-term bond fund. Given the existing uncertainty regarding the market’s outlook, portfolio diversification