ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The American government considers small businesses as one of the most crucial economic resources. They play a significant role in promoting national growth. Indeed, a research carried out by the United States Small Business Administration (SAB) proved that 99.7 per cent of the countries’ leading employers come from small businesses (Bottleson, 2011). Moreover, over 39 per cent of technical workers like scientists, computer workers and engineers work in small businesses. Recognizing the significance of small businesses in the US, the legislature and the Executive have come up with contracting policies to assist in growth and sustenance of the small businesses. Currently, through Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR), the American government is working on encouraging small businesses. The government is establishing a network of resources to avail contract opportunities to small businesses (Bottleson, 2011). The main objective of amassing these resources is to provide a level playing ground for small businesses to acquire goods and services with minimal competition from the big corporations. In a bid to encourage small businesses, the government has established some socio-economic policies that it considers when soliciting contracts for small businesses. This paper will look at some of these socio-economic considerations. Besides, the paper will discuss the differences between contract financing through loan guarantees and private financing and their effects on minority vendors. It will also look at the protections available for the intellectual property of contractors. Finally, the paper will compare title policy with license policy. Socio-economic considerations Under the Small Business Act (SBA), numerous contracting programs help small businesses acquire contracts. The programs include HUBZone, WOSB, and SDVOSB. These programs consider different socio-economic factors that help the government decide if a business qualifies for a contract (Croom & Brandon-Jones, 2005). One of the considerations made is if the contracting is to be through a single source or through a reserve award. Moreover, the programs help the government make a decision on whether to conduct a price evaluation on all the small businesses that qualify for the contract. Before coming up with the necessities for setting aside acquisitions, the federal government also considers the dollar value of acquiring the contract. They ensure that the procurement will add value to not only the small business but also the government will also make something out of it (Croom & Brandon-Jones, 2005). The federal government gathers information on the value of contract dollars, and number of contracts every small business gets from the various agencies. This information helps the government identify if the agency is fulfilling its small business objectives. The government has set aside certain contracting procedures to ensure that all parties working in small businesses receive equal consideration. The government has established various categories for the small businesses existing in the country and allocated them some percentage of the contracting goal based on their numbe
Ad Hominem Fallacy A hominem is one of the most common fallacy types that people like to use today. It seems to be easier to choose a character and develop an ad around his/her critique. An attack on a character is a central idea of ad hominem. Its purpose is to distract from the major idea but focus on the shortages of another person. There are no clear arguments in this type of fallacy, just negative thoughts that cause necessary emotions. The Fallacy in the Add In political debates, conflicts and verbal attacks remain the most effective means of communication. In the chosen ad, democrats again demonstrate their negative attitude toward the current political leader (“this administration” means President Donald Trump). The authors ask an important question about the things that people have already lost and developed a good answer, underling the importance of human lives, jobs, and other related opportunities that are destroyed today. Mr. President, as a representative of the Republican Party, has already offered his program, and the Administration works according to his principles and ideals. Democrats, in their turn, do not offer a new plan of government and policies but focus on the mistakes made by the current leader. The example of the ad hominem proves its essence (to hide or omit personal arguments but to focus on someone’s mistakes and failures). It is said that people have lost their jobs and lives, but no statistics or real-life examples are given to prove this position). There is no suggestion on how to change something but the need to face the argument offered by the opponents who are dissatisfied. Red Herring A red herring is a fallacy that is characterized by the use of unrelated information with the purpose of distracting people’s attention. This diversionary tactic method is effective to avoid the existing arguments and to underline the importance of attention and recognition. During the course, this fallacy was associated with foul-smelling arguments that advertisers like to create not to inform but to involve. The Fallacy in the Ad The theme of COVID-19 is popular today, and the world’s population is interested in the methods of treatment for this disease. However, the impact of this unknown virus varies between nations, and many ads are created not to inform but to motivate people. In the chosen ad, much attention is paid to a famous Marvel brand but not to the virus itself. The star is the emblem of Captain America, whose purpose is to protect and save people. The audience sees the image and thinks about the existing passion for this character instead of focusing on a bigger problem of coronavirus and its prevention. The ad supports the idea of staying at home and saving human lives. Still, there is no explanation of why this home priority matters in today’s society. The red herring is used to introduce a side issue (Marvel admiration) that is not relevant to the COVID-19 situation. There are no recommendations except one phrase tha
Psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his teammates prepared an experiment, which examined the outcome of becoming a prison guard or an inmate. The researchers conditioned human lives in order to examine the effects of human behaviors. The researchers placed the participants in a simulated prison area to find out how they respond to such an environment. The researchers developed a prison experiment plant at Stanford University. The researchers selected the participants from a huge group of seventy volunteers (McNamara and Burns, 2009). The participants had neither any criminal records nor psychological issues. The researchers assigned the twenty-four participants to either act as prison guards or inmates. The inmates stayed in a mock prison for 24 hours daily during the study period. The researchers assigned the correctional staffs (prison guards) to work in shifts of each team group operate for eight hours. The researchers used cameras and microphones to assess the behavior of the correctional staffs and inmates. The Stanford prison experiment lasted for six days. The result was that inmates felt anxiety and stress while the prison guards became violent and abusive. The researchers allowed the correctional staffs and inmates to socialize in any manner they needed. Such interactions were unfriendly and inhuman. According to Northern Arizona University Criminal justice Collective (2009), the prison guards behaved abusively and aggressively towards the inmates. The inmates became distressed and inactive (passive). Five inmates eventually felt acute anxiety, crying and negative severe emotions. The researchers therefore had to release the five inmates from the experiment. The Stanford prison experiment shows a substantial contribution on how the conditions pose the impacts on human behavior. Present the significance of cultural diversity as it relates to correctional facilities using your selected case as an example. Cultural diversity is an important factor when considering the effective management of the correctional facility. The correctional facility should employ prison guards from culturally diversified regions. The capability of managing the correctional facility depends on effective communication between the inmates and the prison guards. McNamara and Burns (2009) view that the lack o
Human service workers require a wide range of communication skills in order to properly establish social worker and client relationships (France & Weikel, 2014). It is important to be able to correctly utilize these skills because it leads to an increase in overall understanding and free information flow. The latter is paramount for cooperation and cohesiveness of the interactions, which are critical for fostering positive relationships. The given sets of communication skills can also be used in my personal life, where such intricacies arise and need an effective approach. In the course of social work, influence and change are realized, which is also prevalent in my own personal interactions. In this regard, there is a need to form potential employees’ skills for effective communication with potential clients. One of the conditions for such effective interaction is the establishment of a positive relationship between the social worker and the client. Knowledge about the mechanism for identifying a social worker with a client and ways to form the skills to establish the development of professionals is of particular importance. Self-efficacy, as a socio-psychological phenomenon, is a necessary component of professionalism in the activities of social interactions (France & Weikel, 2014). Utilizing self-efficacy can be useful in my interactions with my peers because it will reduce the overall dependency. Thus, this goal is realized through the ability to establish the optimal level of helping skills. The interaction occurs between social workers with clients, and it is necessary to form these skills during the period of professional training. Communication is a combination of three major components and interconnected elements, such as cognitive, emotional, and behavioral ones (France & Weikel, 2014). Proper communicativeness does not solely depend on the characteristics of temperament, because it also has a strong physiological basis. This is true in my ow
In this book, Horowitz talks about a range of artists who moved to America in the middle of the twentieth century, how they adapted to their new environment and also their influence on the performing arts. These artists migrated as a result of war, mainly the Second World War and other political reasons. The author writes about artists involved in music, stage plays and motion picture. Many critics find the book well-written since it incorporates debates and words are delivered in a rhetorical or impassionate way but at the same time maintaining a poetic tenor. Knowledge of the type of music in that era is will help in the understanding of the book especially the German way of expressing inner motion. The author has done extensive research and held interviews before writing this book as shown by the footnotes, although you can not fail to notice that the author can relate to the events he describes; it has a personal touch. Before these artists came, a form of entertainment which combined musical and comedy acts called vaudeville was very common. It was so common such that it eventually influenced the radio, motion picture production and the television. It happened that the theatre production in Europe was more sophisticated than in America. After a while the European style was introduced by some of the immigrants discussed in this book. Most of these foreign artists especially from Russia like George Balanchine came from poor conditions to America to achieve ‘The American Dream’. Not every one of them was able to achieve the dream for various reasons. For example, after living in America for 14 years, Thomas Mann returned back to Europe during the cold war after he felt that he would never feel at home in America. When these foreign artists came to America, they had to write and perform in English rather than their language. Despite of this, some did manage to make an impact on the art industry. George Balanchine was born in Russia back in 1904 and he is responsible for revolutionising ballet dancing in America. He was well acquainted with the Russian traditional form of dancing style. He fused the Russian style an American dancing style to come up with the now known ballet dancing. Before moving to America he was a ballet master in a company which he had been invited to join by another Russian exile; Diaghilev. In Paris he worked closely with Stravinsky, and they were able to create a whole new form of art by combining the traditional ballet with a touch of Greek methodology. When he moved to America, he opened a ballet school in New York City where he was able to produce around four hundred pieces of work. What made him such a revolutionary choreographer was that he was able to come up with exceptional styles which had such an amazing speed and assail. Kurt Weill was a German born composer who believed in writing music that not only entertained, but had a social function. He fell out of favour with the Nazi’s and was often disapproved and his shows were regularly cancelled. He was forced to move to Paris then London and fi
In four demographic reports (Overview, Trend, Employment, and Population Detail) for zip code 60614, race, gender, age, and class will be the most appropriate way to collapse the data. All the information can easily fit under this category for easy analysis. Additionally, the categorization will make data easy to understand by almost everyone without a lot of struggles in interpreting them. Additionally, the data can easily be presented in statistical tables (Aaker, 2010). However, looking at the data, Hispanic ethnicity and means of transport were unnecessary. Their use will make the information very large for interpretation and analysis. These variables could have been included in the population and race data, and means of transportation to work respectively could have been collapsed into social status (Creswell & John, 2009). Family Status data and marital status data can be put collapse under households. The information given by the two data is similar since they all give details of the household population during the census (Michael, & Earl, 2011). The household population information can then be added to the main categories of race, gender, class. Data on means of transportation can be condensed with travel time data. The mean household travel time can be added as a subcategory of means of transport. Finally, all the races should be put together and adjusted under their race, gender, age, and class. A smaller data category is easier to manage and present using charts and graphs (Bearden, Netemeyer, & Haws, 2011).
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects not only the victim, but also the caregiver and the society. Statistics show that about 1% of the world population is victim of schizophrenia (World Health Organization, 2003). In the United States, nearly 2 million people suffer from schizophrenia. It has been proven that more men are diagnosed with this mental disorder than females (Miller & Mason, 2013). Besides, the age groups that are at higher risk of contracting the disease is between 17 and 35 years (World Health Organization, 2003). However, this does not exclude older and much younger generations from being diagnosed with the disease, though their chances are slightly lower. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of schizophrenia on the victim, caregiver, as well as the society. Literature Review A lot of research has been conducted on schizophrenia as a mental condition. This has resulted in numerous pieces of literature on this condition. The effects of the mental illness are less the same throughout the world. It means that the impacts of schizophrenia in, say America, are the same in Europe, Asia, and Africa, according to (Rastad, Martin, & Asenlöf, 2014), who conducted a study on the effects of schizophrenia to caregivers. In the report, the experiences of the caregivers were less the same across the globe. It implies that the experience of schizophrenia is largely the same worldwide. Victims of schizophrenia go through a devastating experience. Most of them do not even realize that they are suffering from the disease (Tsuang, Faraone, & Glatt, 2011). They come to realize later that something was not right after losing many chances in life. According to Fallahi, Sheikhona, Rahgouy, Rahgozar, and Sodagari (2014), this leaves the patients under conditions of stress and depression, while others might experience social withdrawal symptoms as they feel embarrassed on realizing how much they have lost compared to their peers. Among the major effects of schizophrenia on the victim is the loss of social life (Li, Lambert, & Lambert, 2007). A patient may cause chaos in his family during the initial stages of critical schizophrenia. The patient might as well be disruptive to the younger siblings. In such a case, the family might have to take the patient to a rehabilitation center, which could break the family bond that the patient may require. According to Knapp, Mangalore, and Simon (2004), most of the schizophrenia victim
Introduction Philosophers describe conflict as the disagreement of authority. According to these philosophers, power can take on different forms depending on the person at the helm. While some form of power might be humane and manipulative, another might as well be coercive and physical. While some people in power might choose to lead in an assertive and bargaining way, others decide to do so in an inductive and rational manner. Due to the variations in the forms of power, there is usually the likelihood of manifestation of conflict. In this light, social conflict therefore addresses the confrontation of social powers. Ideally, all social theorists seek to address power or conflict based on social powers and their dialectics. (Cattell, 1957, p. 23)This essay seeks to examine the status of social conflict in the work of both Karl Marx and Max Weber. Karl Marx According to Marx, the society encompasses an existing balance of opposing forces that give rise to social change by their constant tension and struggle. In presenting his theory, Marx based his vision on an evolutionary point, which was contrary to the theories existing at that time. For him, tension and struggle rather than passive development was the driving force of progress. Marx considered strife the father of all good things and social conflict the center of chronological progression. This philosophy presented by Marx deviated from earlier versions but corresponded with the 19 th century view of society. According to Marx, the need for adequate food and drink, of housing and for clothing were man’s chief goals at the beginning of the race, and these needs are still fundamental when efforts are made to scrutinize the intricate structure of contemporary society. However, man’s strive against nature does not stop once these pursuits are attained. If translated literally, this statement means that meeting one need gives rise to a host of others and this becomes a sort of a vicious cycle. (Giddens, 1983, p. 101) In their bid to gratify both the principal and inferior needs, men engage in aggressive cooperation immediately they leave the primeval, shared period of development. According to Marx, specialization brings with it opposition of ideas from the different classes. In his hypotheses, Marx claimed that all social relations between men, as well as the existing systems of ideas are exclusively rooted in the past. He also maintained that, although class strives, had marked all history, the competitors in the struggle had changed in the course of time. Although there was obviously a similarity between the travelers of the middle ages who fought against guild masters and today’s industrial workers who take on capitalists, the contestants were merely the same characters placed in different situations. (Blau, 1964, p. 23) For Marx, the analysis of social class, class organizations and modifications are crucial to understanding capitalism and other social structures or means of production. In his theory, work and labor, and ownership of property with the means of production were the only ways that could
Analyzing a piece of art in its relationship to another one is not a very easy task but rather interesting one, especially when the matter concerns the comparison of a poem and a picture. Dealing with such an assignment involves some understanding of symbols hidden in this or that work of art and the ability to understand these symbols and interpret them. Usually, when a painting follows some literary work, it widens the picture that we could only imagine while reading the poem, it gives some additional impressions and enriches the picturesqueness of a certain work of art. In the opposite case, we can speak of the same process but carried out by other means. That is, if in the first case the visual image reveals details of the literary work, in the second case the literary piece of art explains verbally all the underlying meanings of the painting that one could see but had difficulties with its understanding. The poem and painting chosen for the analysis in this paper belong to the works of the second group, that is the picture came to existence much earlier than the poem which, in its turn, tried to expand the plot of the picture. For the comparison I have chosen the painting “Hunters in the snow” by the famous Netherlandish artist of the Renaissance epoch Peter Bruegel and the poem with the same title by the 19th century talented American poetry and prose author William Carlos Williams. The author of the painting was famous for his pictures from the peasants’ life and the work under consideration is a nice illustration of his painting manner. William Carlos Williams, in his turn, was known as a skillful modernist and imagist,w hich he proved by the poem dedicated to the Bruegel’s picture.So, let us try to trace some similarities, as well as differences, between the two masterpieces of art. The first, and the most important, difference between the works lies in the fact that they belong to absolutely different periods of the art history. The picture refers to the Renaissance epoch and reflects all basic features of the time – concentration on the figure of a human, depiction his life in all its aspects. When we take a look at the Bruegel’s painting we get the impression of presence at the setting of the picture in the middle