ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The major purpose of this report is to describe and assess mathematical and statistical investigations to single out similar and distinctive patterns. In particular, it is necessary to focus on such aspects as the validity of the proof, arguments, and presentation of quantitative and qualitative data. The first study under discussion is aimed at analyzing the angles between the hands of the clock every time their positions coincide (Henley, 2005, p 13). In turn, a statistical study examines the influence of climate on the harvest of the beans (Stuart, 2006). These works have been chosen because they represent different approaches to mathematical thinking, which can be both numerical and qualitative. In addition to that, they demonstrate that such a concept as mathematical knowledge comprises a great number of components. The assessment of these works should also be connected with several teaching and learning issues, for instance, the main skills which a student should acquire in the course of training, the role of educator, and the methods which the educator should employ to help learners. Overall, we can argue that mathematical activities and the investigation process in these works can be of great assistance to the learners and teachers, at least some of the examples given by the authors. All of these questions will be discussed in the following questions. Evaluation of investigations Mathematical Investigation Overall, this investigation is dedicated to one of the most interesting and complex topics in present-day geometry, namely, the problem of time and the circle geometry, associated with the position of the hands-on clock. It is stated that the hands of the clock coincide several times during the day. While everyone knows that the needles are in the same position at noon and midnight, few mentioned the next time of their coincidence. It is reasonable to suggest that they coincide every hour when the minute handle reaches the same position with the hour needle, nevertheless, the next time, when they coincide will be 01:06. Following Calter (2008, p. 334) the following statement should be emphasized: A general approach to such problems is to consider the rate of change of the angle in degrees per minute. The hour hand of a normal 12-hour analog clock turns 360 degrees in 12 hours. This is equivalent to 360 degrees in 720 minutes or 0.5 degrees per minute. The minute hand turns 360 degrees in 60 minutes or 6 degrees per minute. The same situation is with 11. The hands coincide at 10:54, and then at 0:00 only We can take t to be the time, in minutes, after 1 pm i.e. at 1 pm t = 0. We then take Ө to be the angle, in degrees, through which a hand is rotated (clockwise), measured from the 12 o’clock position. Let us assume that the hands move steadily rather than in discrete jumps. It is then possible to find a linear relationship between t and Ө for each of the hands, the minute hand, and the hour hand. Ө = 6t Ө = 0.5t + 30 Originally, minute and hour hands coincide every hour except the period between 00:00 and 01:06, when the hands do not place the same positions. Originally, the angles between hands are n
As it is known, the Canary pine, Pinus canariensis, is an endemic tree growing mainly on the Canary Islands. This pine is characterized by a rather large height and a large trunk: it is more powerful than the plant’s mainland species. Of all the islands of the archipelago, the greatest concentration of such pines is characteristic of Tenerife. In the context of biogeographical studies, the question of Canary pine distribution in the area of the west coast of Africa is determined by the depth of phylogenetic measurements carried out in conjunction with the analysis of ecological features of this species. Of primary importance is the recognition that Pinus canariensis was part of a single population about 200 million years ago, like all Pine family subspecies. At that time, Gondwana was already separated from Eurasia, and, in all likelihood, pine plants were more characteristic of the northern hemisphere. In the modern appearance of the planet, this is confirmed by Pine plants’ wide distribution predominantly in countries above the equatorial part of the planet. Nevertheless, some portion of the population may have remained in southern Gondwana, resulting in species separation. Volcanic eruptions formed the Canary Islands, so local soils are rich in ash and nutrients for plants to thrive. For this reason, Pinus canariensis has been active in the archipelago, being geographically and reproductively isolated. Nevertheless, the fact that phylogenetic analysis revealed that the plant’s closest relatives were organisms inhabiting India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan (united neighboring territories) may be confusing. The immediate answer is based on the knowledge of Pangea’s geographical division and later Gondwana into separate continents. It can be assumed that the pine populations had a not-so-distant common origin and were separated when the plates were deformed. This assumption can be tested by additional DNA analysis, which should statistically show how long ago the clades’ separation occurred. However, being a part of Pangea, these territories were too distant from each other, so the probability of natural dispersion of trees seems impossible. In this sense, it is logical to assume that human activity related to the agricultural sector and trade may have caused endemic trees’ transport across the continent. Nevertheless, it should be accurately understood that such a speciation mechanism must have strong evidence. In particular, detecting a small age divergence of taxa may be indirect evidence of artificial migration. In addition
Introduction The kidnapping of Jaycee Lee Dugard was a case of child kidnapping that happened when an 11-year old girl was abducted near South Lake Tahoe in California. Although the event occurred in 1991, the case of the kidnapping of Jaycee Dugard remained unsolved until 2009. In addition, the crime received a wave of attention recently when Jaycee Lee Dugard published her memoir in 2011. It is important to point out that it was, of course, a case of formal deviance or crime because the abductor intermediately violated the laws. A man called Phillip Garrido, who later turned out to be a convicted sex offender, abducted the girl in the street as she was walking home after school. However, the man was later spotted in the street when Garrido was walking with two children, to whom Jaycee Dugard gave birth in captivity. The reason for attention to him that gave a lead to the police investigation was the girl’s anxious behavior. It is notable to specify that Dugard spent 18 years in captivity, where she experienced abuse and rape. Overall, Dugard later wrote in her memoir that she suffered every second of her life while she was kidnapped (Dugard 44). After Phillip Garrido and his wife were arrested, Jaycee Dugard “made her first public statement, read in court by her mother, as the Californian couple was sentenced for kidnapping and rape” (“Jaycee Dugard Kidnap: Victim Rues ‘Stolen Life’” par. 2). Eventually, Phillip Garrido and his wife pleaded guilty, which is why both Dugard and her children did not have to appear in court. Comparison with various sociological perspectives The case of the kidnapping of Jaycee Lee Dugard can be observed from a number of different sociological perspectives and interpreted in terms of diverse paradigms. Among functionalist approaches to deviance, violence, and social control, this case is an illustration of Emile Durkheim’s interpretation of social cohesion (Conley 188). In particular, there are certain patterns that regulate the way people establish social bonds. It is important to underline the fact that Durkheim describes the reason for such bonds as mechanical solidarity, meaning that many relationships between people are base on merely some social mechanics when a bond appears between people from the same social background, rather than on willing decision. In other words, since for Dugard, when she was a teenager, her abuser became a party to her only relationships, it was mechanically predetermined that she would start to relate to him at some point. The case of Dugard and her abuser is complex because the period of captivity took place during Dugard’s teenage years that were a formative time for her, there is also a possibility of organic solidarity involved (Conley 189). This variation of Durkheim’s vision of social cohesion involves the interdependence of different parts of society or individuals. In this case, Dugard needed social contacts because the victim was still undergoing the process of socialization. In other words, she did not have a fully formed personality yet,
The modern world has brought about many changes in the way gender roles are viewed by the society. The media portrays women through songs and music videos in a provocative and objectified way, and even some artists themselves seem to support the discriminatory cycle. Most recently, the media, music videos and movies have become much more open minded and uncensored. Women are shown to play the role of sexual objects. Unfortunately, some female artists have no problem appearing as a male possession and not a separate individual. A clear example is Katy Perry’s song titled “Dressing Up”. The lyrics explicitly mention that the woman is ready to “dress up” as anyone in the male’s fantasy. She openly says that she enjoys playing different roles and the general tone of the song is rather pervasive (Perry 2010). From one perspective it might be seen as a hypothetical situation and carry no harm, but the fact that the matter is so private, makes it inappropriate for the greater society. There are no benefits from this sort of content, only the negative image that is majorly supported in the main stream media. The division between genders has been evident for a long time, with history to support this fact. Women have been fighting for equality rights and fair treatment and it has almost been achieved. In the present times, sexuality and gender play a differential role in society and communication between genders. The traditional beliefs, norms and separation of gender roles have been always prevalent. For a long time, there has been a gender difference between men and women in life and social environment. Even though there were times when women were an instrumental part of the world and family, they were still oppressed. Through the degrading and sexual nature of the modern media, the feminist movement is diminished, as women of the present world have not felt the harshest differential treatment and cannot fully relate to women who have devoted their lives to the fight for equality and justice. Not only has there been a gender difference between men and women in life and social environment, but extreme discrimination and external conditions of the world and governmental ruling added to the role division. The despair and helplessness are very obvious, as women were constantly oppressed and deprived of any rights. The factors could be seen in the community itself, as well as environmental factors, discrimination, segregation and economical position of the society. In a book titled “Imaginary Bodies: Ethics, Power & Corporeality”, Moira Gatens talks about the social make-up and how people distinctively draw the line between femin
Introduction   * Hypothalamus and pituitary gland.   * Metabolism and reproduction.   * Child growth deficiency.   * Other conditions. Growth hormone (GH) is produced in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. This hormone plays an essential role in metabolism and reproduction (Robinson & Shaw, 2015). Children diagnosed with growth deficiency require GH-based treatment. Adults can also develop growth hormone deficiency due to pituitary gland damage, injury, infection, and radiation therapy. Some other conditions are also treated with the help of this hormone. For instance, such genetic disorders as Turner’s, Prader-Willi, and Noonan syndromes are effectively addressed with the help of GH. Pharmacodynamics   * What is GH?   * GH’s effects.   * GH and hyperglycemia.   * Synthesized GH.   * Synthesized GH’s effects. Growth hormone is a single-chain polypeptide that passes through cell membranes and is produced in the pituitary gland (Robinson & Shaw, 2015). GH improves such processes as fat breakdown, protein synthesis, and tissue growth. Since GH decreases cell’s usage of glucose, it tends to cause hyperglycemia. Recombinant DNA technology advances enabled researchers to synthesize GH. The effects of the synthesized GH are similar to the effects of natural growth hormones. The synthesized GH causes decreased lipolysis and increased uptake of amino acids and glucose. These drugs can also lead to skeletal and organ growth, as well as cellular protein synthesis increase. Pharmacokinetics   * Quick absorption.   * Localized in kidneys and liver.   * 36-hour persistence of active blood levels.   * Patients with renal and hepatitis dysfunction. Synthesized GH is quickly absorbed, and its effects do not depend on the administration method (Robinson & Shaw, 2015). GH is mainly localized in kidneys and liver. Due to its 36-hour persistence in the blood level, GH is commonly used on the every-other-day basis. In some cases, daily usage is also possible. Patients diagnosed with renal and hepatitis dysfunction may have hormone clearance impairment. Pharmacotherapeutics   * Patients diagnosed with active tumor growth or closed epiphyses, adrenocorticotropic deficiency.   * Diabetic patients.   * Rare negative reactions.   * Medication interaction. GH should be used cautiously if such conditions as active tumor growth, closed epiphyses, adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency, and thyroid disorders are apparent. Diabetes and glucose intolerance are conditions making the use of GH undesirable since the hormone induces insulin resistance. The development of persistent antibodies occurs in up to 40% of patients receiving GH (Robinson & Shaw, 2015). These people have reduced response to the medication. Rare negative reactions are hyperglycemia, edema, hypothyroidism, pain at the place of injection, or even death. As far as GH interaction with other drugs, insulin tends to be less effective. Serious side effects of anticonvulsants have been reported. Estrogens also reduce the effectiveness of GH. Pharmacotherapeutics: Clinical Use   * People with growth
Thesis and support to the argument Penetrated men represent masculinity that lacks power. Contrary to expectations, this is a threat to the social and psychic chaos. As far as gender among the adolescent boys in America is concerned, penetrated masculinity acts as the regulatory mechanism. The repeated denial of the fag identity among the American adolescent boys results in their masculinity. It is worth pointing out that the fag insult does not only have multiple meanings but is also raced and sexualized. Symbolic interaction theory in racialized and gendered homophobia The fact that a majority of the participants found the words gay or fag appropriate for girls as opposed to boys is not stringently homophobia. On the contrary, this is gendered homophobia since it is only connected to the male and female gender. This is a part of the adolescent masculinity and has nothing to do with adolescent femininity. The male consider female lesbians to be good, which is attributable to the place they hold in the heterosexual male fantasy. At River High, girls were only recorded three timesusing the term fag. It is used eight times more compared to the term slut. Although the words fag and gay shared similar sexual origins, gay was commonly used at River High, meaning mean stupid (Teegen, Doh and Vachani 2004). The difference between the African-Americans’ and white boys’ dancing and clothing brings about the racialized homophobia perspective. The dress code used by the African-American boys is a reflection of the hip-hop culture. According to Richard Majors, this is a cool pose that comprises of exceptional, noticeable, and sensitive styles. All these were created by the African-American men as a symbol that reacted to institutionalized racism. White boys who possess characteristics of the African-Americans such as giving keen care and attention to clothing are identified as fags. The argument given is that only fags are attentive to their appearance and clothes and white boys should not care t
Delta airlines The aviation sector is one of the performing industries in the world markets. Several firms have ventured into the business to provide transportation services across the globe. Delta Airlines is an American corporation that operates a large number of aircraft for both passengers and cargo carriers domestically and internationally. The business organization is based in Atlanta, Georgia, where most of its flight activities are undertaken. Rapid globalization and technological changes have greatly influenced the performance of Delta Airlines by impacting the overall business processes in air travel. Globalization Globalization integrates both local and international economies, people, and cultures through trade, communication, and transportation. The rapid growth of national markets has increased the interest of many corporations to venture and offer their services in such places. The performance of international markets has prompted the increasing process of globalization. The process has impacted companies positively and negatively in different ways (Hitt et al., 1, p.8). For instance, globalization has made Delta Airlines explore and establish its operations in many countries worldwide. The expansion is essential since it allows the firm to access many passengers who use its services, thus increasing its revenue. Similarly, the rapid growth of international and domestic economies has created the need for transport services. People have to travel from one country to another to conduct business operations; this creates a market gap for the airline to offer the transportation of the commodities involved. Individuals interested in the globalized markets search for suppliers operating globally to transact businesses leading to an increase in air travel because of the continuous supply of commodities and investment in different locations. Globalization has also impacted Delta Airlines through increased global competition. The integration of many economies contributes to many players in the aviation industry. Many airline companies have also taken advantage of the process to expand their operations in different places resulting in high competition in the industry. For instance, Southern Airlines Corporation is one of the biggest firms that provide transportation services across the globe, thus making the market to be competitive, thus making Delta strategize its operations. The rivalry makes the firms receive reduced profit or improve their services to have a competitive advantage over the opponents. Delta Airlines is affected by the political atmosphere in some countries, making the business organization reduce or cancel flights to most war-prone nations. The increased threat of terrorist attacks has made the company invest in training crew members on how to handle similar situations, thus increasing the organization’s expenditure. There is a decline i
This essay is about discrimination as a common phenomenon during the recruitment process in organizations. The recruitment stage is the point at which employers evaluate candidates and make decisions on the acceptability of the individual in the labor market. Organizational culture is an organization’s values and beliefs generated from controllable shared experiences. First, it is important to examine the recruitment process because people execute their duties on the basis of their drawn understanding and personalized meaning of the task. The meanings are embedded in unique cultures that influence the management’s decision-making capacity. Many preferred work values and behaviors are derived from group preferences on what upholds the interests of the organization. This brings into focus occupational culture that incorporates elements external to the management and is resistant to change. The study will bring out my argument by discussing the proposition of Almeida et al. (2011) in revealing the screening: organizational factors that influence the recruitment of immigrant professionals. The second argument will be drawn from Townley (1989, p. 149), selection and appraisal, which focuses on the importance of selection and appraisal procedures in the productivity of an organization. The third argument and the conclusion are drawn from Booth, Leigh, and Varganova (2010), racial and ethnic discrimination across minority groups. Research on employment outcomes for immigrants points out the policies, professional associations, and personalized considerations that obstruct the recognition of qualified immigrants in Australia (Jackson & Carter 2007, p. 72). Employers play a big role in defining the procedures to be used in the recruitment process in their organizations. The employer’s decision to utilize locally groomed professionals have adverse effects on human resource management. For instance, in Australia, many organizations prefer the local workforce because of the experience and minimum costs in training and maintenance of the staff. However, underutilization of certain skills that are available in the market can have detrimental effects on the productivity of the organization (O’Doherty 2007, p. 61). According to Almeida, Fernando, and Sheridan (2011, p. 81), formal migrant programs have led to the movement of skilled immigrants into Australia in a bid to solve the shortage of skilled labor in Australia. Immigration policies require the immigrants to meet the stipulated competency framework and job specificat