ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Southwest Airlines’ environment industry-specific and firm-specific factors can be analyzed from the context of rivalry in the industry entry threats, threats of substitutes, threats of complements, buyers’ bargaining powers, and suppliers’ bargaining power (Porter 2008, p.56). The degree of competition in any business industry determines the general productivity of firms operating in the production. One of the factors that influence rivalry in the airline industry is the degree of market concentration of each of the firms operating in the environment. For Southwest Airlines’ operational environment, no individual airlines dominated the market as at 1989. Nevertheless, the first eight leading airlines controlled 92 percent of the market. Southwest Airlines being one of the eight airlines encountered high degrees of rivalry from other companies in terms of route, hubs, and airports. To survive in such an industry, airline companies must focus on gaining competitive advantage in the hubs, which are highly profitable. Such hubs are the ones, which possess the highest air travel demand. In the effort to counter rivalry to gain income in these hubs, Southwest Airlines resorted to providing flights, which are time elastic for a number of landing points. Other industry-specific environment factors that determine the degree of rivalry are fixed costs, price wars, availability of mean of price comparisons, the degree of the carrier capacity of the airlines operating in the industry, the degree of differentiation of the organization’s products and services, and the capacity to maintain fuel costs low. The manner in which an organization organizes these factors determines the degree to which it gains a competitive advantage in comparison to its competitor. In the 10-year period of efforts to reduce government’s control of activities, a large number of new partners into the airline sector was experienced. In the Southwest industry market, “22 new airlines had been formed with another 43 entering by1982” (Desai, Patel & Quach 2012, p.3). This wave suggests that the airline industry had low and weak economies of scale in 1980s so that the industry could support many airlines. However, by 1993, many of these airlines were merged and consolidated to form eight major carriers indicating that the equation for economies of scale had changed so that the threat of new entrants into the airline market by small airlines became narrowed. As Desai, Patel, and Quach (2012, p.3) point out, “Substitutes for air travel include cars, trains, and buses”. Over time, the substitute of buses and cars as an alternative mode of travel to air travel has substantially dwindled. Nevertheless, the introduction of high-speed trains has resorted to immense amplification of threats of trains as a substitute to air travel. However, this challenge is not big since Southwest Airlines capitalizes on the low-cost strategy to drive her competitive advantage. Whe
Introduction The human mind and character always seem to be stimulated by various events and actions, therefore, leading to the adaptations of the different analogies in life. These aspects in life are applied in art and design to furnish and give relevant imaginative direction, so that someone might see the piece of work. Works of art and design do possess their own virtue and properties, which may be given different interpretations by people as each do portray various form of descriptions with essentially unchanging qualities, but they are subject to substantial number of ‘true’, authoritative and ‘irrefutable’ opinions. It also states that it can mean what any one wants it to be by giving it no decisive independence or veracity as art can be derived from, dance, painting, photography, sculpture, architecture, music, cinema, drawing, theater, literature and printmaking (Sporre, 2009). The different disciplines of art can also be used to define humanity with religion and history being a factor, with science and technology embracing the entirety of the human nature and hindering its raw creativity blossoming, an insistence for us to depart from this enslavement and instead use it to complement humanities as Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo did. In this regard, we are going to look at the origin of some two historical art periods and the impact they have made to the world of art (Janaro and Altshuler, 2009). Firstly, we are going to look at Renaissance, which is a French word that means ‘rebirth’ and is regarded to be the beginning of modern history as it commenced around 14 th to the 17 th century. Its impact was felt in most of the Northern Italian cities with the passion for art flourishing and its knowledge being spread to the greater Europe and Middle East. This trade not only led to the exchange of goods, but also to the preservation of writings of the ancient Greeks by the Arab scholars. Together with the ideas exchanged, it served as the basis of the Renaissance as many Christian scholars were leaving Greece for Italy with the fall of the Byzantine empire to the Muslim Turks in 1453. Although the association of Renaissance to Italy is of great importance, it has eclipsed the enhancement of new ideas in northern Europe, the Iberian Peninsula, the Islamic world, Southeast Asia, and Africa as Renaissance was a remarkably international, fluid and mobile incidence (Brotton, 2006). The Renaissance period saw the Graeco-Roman culture transforming art, politics and the society at large as now Art was acknowledged therefore inspiring human inventions and defining the modern world. Renaissance has also been used to define a point of time in history that Europe was asserting its power and authority in most of the continents. The 15 th and 16 th centuries saw the use and development of perception from an experimental technique to play a role in the daily life of every artist’s education with the rise and demand of architectural developments. The arches of Gothic cathedrals became a landscape with its paintings and buildings with virgin of the rocks by da Vinci and other medieval paintings such as the Wilton Diptych bo
The work of a 3D printer is based on the principle of additive manufacturing. This is a technique by which objects are made by adding layer after layer until the final product takes shape (Petronzio 2013). The use of this device involves three stages; modeling, printing, and finishing. It is important to note that a computer is required during the modeling stage of 3D printing. These are the main aspects that can be distinguished. The first step is the creation of a 3D model. This task can be done with the help of computer-aided design (CAD) software. This software is used to create original design that will be divided into digital cross-sections (Petronzio 2013). The users, who have not learned to use this software, can purchase ready-made designs from websites like Thingiverse, Sculpteo or Shapeways (Petronzio, 2013). Clients can also order customized designs from these websites. The finished model is then sent to the printer. The digital file that contains this model has to have the extension .STL, which stands for Standard Tessellation Language. While processing the image, the printer slices it into three-dimensional polygons. When this task is done, the printing stage begins. Once the 3D file has been processed, the material and printer resolution are chosen. When these parameters are set, a gear rolls the plastic material into the print head. The material is the string-like strand of plastic coiled in the back of the printer. This material could be either polylactic acid (PLA) or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). While in the print head, the plastic passes through a heated tube, where is melted and deposited through the nozzle to the print head. The print bed has to be warmed up when using ABS plastic to prevent the base structure from bending or coiling. On the other hand, PLA can work on any platform. This is the main advantage of this material. The print head can move horizontally in any direction because it is supported by the X and Y axis rods. The print bed also moves along the Z axis to give the machine vertical movement. Both the print head and the print bed have stepper motors, receive signals from the processor. The signals tell the motors the amount of rotation required to achieve a certain degree of movement. In turn, the movement of the print head is directed by the 3D file sent to the printer. The head moves horizontally above the bed laying plastic while the print bed moves vertically after each layer is complete. This process continues until a solid object emerges. It has to correspond to the parameters which are included in the 3D file. When the printing stage is complete, the object is given a few minutes to cool down. Post-processing may also be required to remove the unwanted parts from the final product. For instance, the rough edges can be polished. Caution should be exercised because some parts may still be weak due to slow cooling. The printed object is ready for use once proper cooling is done and the finishing touches have been applied. It should be mentioned 3D printers can be used to produce various types of products such as food or clothes. On the whole, the
Definite paths to terrorism are pathways to Muslim radicalization. They are used by diverse governmental organizations to research on ways of curbing terrorism. However, the ignorance of these pathways has led to an exceeding rise in terrorism trends across the world (law 2009, p.10). This has led to an increasing interest to study and research on these Muslim radicalization methods, and systems. This report is composed to expound more on these systems of radicalization. In addition to this, methods of identifying these systems will also be discussed. On the other hand, challenges such as civil rights, and liberties have posed a great challenge in this research. It is a world standard that everyone should have the freedom of worship and association. This has posed a greater challenge in proving that these systems’ aim is a destruction. Despite many scientific researches aimed at coming up with a definite meaning of the phrase radicalisation, the definite meaning of radicalisation has not been found. Radicalisation, however, can take different forms of definition in relation to our terrorism context. First, radicalization can be termed as assimilation to a certain belief which describes a new world order. This assimilation is enforced by the use of violence to instil discipline and loyalty in the participants (McCauley 1999, p.15). Radicalization can also be a pursuit which is extremely active and may be driven by a strong urge of vengeance. Two systems of Muslim radicalization have been found out. However, this does not mean that there might be no other possible systems of radicalization. These systems are ‘top-down process’ and ‘bottom-up process’. The top-down process This process has been used by the Danish intelligence services. It shows how an individual undergoes different stages. These stages consist of different methodologies, whereby, the participant gets deeply entrenched in the radicalization with advancement in every stage simultaneously. In the first phase, the participant is engaged in forums where a ‘radicaliser’ is introduced. A ‘radicaliser’ is a well known Muslim imam whose duty is to introduce radical ideas to the participant and show the importance of these ideas (Vertigans 2008, p.25). In the second phase, there is a behavioural change in the participant. The participant changes in religious behaviours and communication habits. In the third phase, the participant associates with the people whom they share the same ideas with. The participant also avoids family ties, and has few friends. In the fourth and final phase, the participant goes through moral and social hardening. The bottom-up process This system has been developed by the NYPD, and it also contains four distinct phases. In the first phase, participants are individuals who engage in ordinary jobs and most of them have no criminal hist
Introduction Exxon Mobil Corporation is a multinational corporation that deals with oil and gas production. Having its headquarters located in Irving, Texas, Exxon Mobil Corporation has its shares enlisted in the New York Stock Exchange. The company as well trades its shares in Dow Jones and S&P 500 Component. The company reserves an average of 70 billion oil barrels every year. Exxon Mobil Corporation has about 40 oil refineries brances in about 20 countries in the world. Having been formed in 1870, the company has emerged as one of the largest refiner in the world. Averagely, Exxon Mobil produces about 3.9 million barrels of oil. Exxon Mobil Corporation majorly markets its products through the brands of Mobil, Esso and Exxon (Casper & Matraves 2003, p. 112). Global operating divisions The company has a range of divisions, which helps the firm to carry out its activities effectively. The first category is upstream, which majorly deals with oil exploration, wholesale operations, shipping of diverse oil products as well as extraction. The upstream division is located in Houston, Texas. The downstream division is located in Fairfax, Virginia and chiefly deals with retail operations, refining and marketing. The chemical division is as well located in Houston, Texas and mainly deals with a range of chemicals produced by the company for different purposes (Peteraf 1993, p. 7). African National Oil Corporation African National Oil Corporation is amongst the largest oil companies, which dominates the large part of Sub-Saharan desert. The company is based in Tripoli, Libya and merely deals with upstream and downstream products. Founded in 1970, the company has grown to own several subsidiaries in the continent such as Zawia Refining, RASCO, Brega, North African Geophysical Exploration Company and National Oil Fields among others. Although the company is state-owned, its chairperson Nuri Berruien and Abdulrahman Ben Yezza have enabled the company emerge as one of the very competitive oil companies in the world. African National Oil Corporation output accounts for over 70% in Libya (Wittner 2003, p. 12). Indeed, Libya is said to have the largest oil reserve in Africa. Other countries that have almost equal reserves include Nigeria and Algeria. As is the case with other countries in Africa, Libya is a member of OPEC (organization of petroleum exporting countries). The Sirte Basin province was ranked 13 th amongst other provinces in the world as having high-level of petroleum. The province is chiefly known to have reserves of 37.8 trillion cubic feet of gas and 0.1 Gbbl of natural gas in liquid form. Libya has managed to bring its economy into control through manipulation of the oil resources policies. It has been estimated that oil products generates about 95% of the total export earnings and contributes about 50% of the GDP computed to stand at about $50.2 billion in the year 2006. Onshore gas field After exploring and carrying out an appraisal program in a potential oil field, which is about 200km south of the Mediterranean Sea, it was confirmed that the field needs about 150 wells, although the field will also need pipelines. The pipeline
Climatic change and especially the pertinent issue of global warming is one thing that has refused to go away. Many concerted efforts to combat climatic change have been implemented but nothing seems to offer a long lasting solution to this stalemate. Nevertheless, Senator Lieberman’s bill that sought to implement the so-called ‘cap and trade’ program stands out clearly in the climate debate around the United States of America. Cap and trade approach would, “control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants” (Lieberman 5). This would be achieved by issuing companies with credits for emission reduction; those who want to increase their emissions would purchase extra credits from those who emitting less. The “Cap and Trade” legislation was passed by the United States House of Representatives last year and now is being considered in the U.S. Senate. President Obama favors the legislation conceptually; he would like to sign a version of this legislation into law. Nevertheless, the negatives of this move outweigh the positives. The Cons of this Legislation As aforementioned, the cons of this legislation outweigh the pros. There are many issues surrounding the validity of such legislation both at national and international level. While global warming is a disaster in waiting if not addressed now, such legislation would create more disasters especially in the energy sector. Energy costs are already inflated and this move would worsen the situation. Economically, the United States of America would ‘sink’. Due to the uncertainties surrounding the economic future of America if such a move is made, the American Council for Capital Formation (ACCF) ordered state-to-state assessment to establish how this move would affect America in general. The results were alarming and supporters of such legislation should look at it before making any ‘informed’ decision. The following results are from Texas alone. Texas would lose “as many as 23,000 jobs in 2020 and nearly 50,000 jobs in 2030” (Thorning & Cebi Para. 1). Energy prices would increase with lower industrial output. Moreover, the cost of keeping the required emission standards would also be high adding another problem to already delicate industrial sector. Many industries have not recovered fully from the recent financial meltdown and implementing such a move would practically cripple them economically. What supporters of this legislation are not factoring in is the fact that most international companies in other countries would not be affected by this move. This implies that they would have competitive advantage over their counterparts in the United States of America. More imports from these international companies operating outside the United States of America would cripple many domestic companies. Consumers have a tendency of consuming ‘cheaper’ products and
Do you want to be board going extra hours to school, when you could be doing fun things? All the sports that you want to do will be ruined if you do homework club. Students should not have after school homework club because you won't have time to spent with family members, students are not going to have time to play there favorite sports, and they won't be able to play their favorite sport.  First of all, students won't spend time with their family. If youre in after school club and your parents are planning to go eat dinner, you are not going to make it. For example, Generic_Name is at school and the day is over but, he needs to go to after school club. Generic_Name call his mother and told her " Mom i need to stay after school today" but, his mother told him "we were going to your favorite restaurant Red Lobster." Generic_Name upset that we wont be able to go to his favorite restaurant because of after school club. This proves that after school can affect on family time. Generic_Name missed his favorite restaurant  just because school.  Secondly, students won't be able to play sports. If you are in after school club and in a sport your most likely going to be late for your favorite sport. For example, Generic_Name  plays Basketball but he goes to an after school club for English class. On Wednesday Generic_Name needs to go to the after school club, also he has Basketball practice after the club. Generic_Name goes to practice and he is five minutes late the coach tells him that is strike one. PROPER_NAME tried to convince the coach that he was at a club for school, the coach told Generic_Name ""Is either school or Basketball Generic_Name." Generic_Name got kicked form the team because he got to strike three. This proves that after school club can affect the sport that you play. Generic_Name got kicked from the sport that he loved, and the sport that he though that was going to be his career.  Finally, if you like video games their is only video games  on the weekend if take this cl
Some schools are considering the idea to offer distance learning for students to attend classes from home. Many students can benefit by considering this new idea for students to take classes from home by the way of online or videos. Although, many other students would not be agree with this idea.  In my opinion, I am not agree with the idea for students to attend classes from home. First, if the students are in their houses they would have more distraction, for example; they can get distracted by the food, many time food is a big distraction for students to concentrate in classes. They can also get distract because of the television, they can see something interesting in the TV and they would quickly get distracted. Also one of the biggest distraction for everyone is the cellphone. If a student is taking classes at home; no one would be responsible to tell him/she not to use their cellphones. Second, they would not take it seriously. They would feel free because they are in their houses. Sometimes they might take the classes; and sometimes they would not take them because no one would be telling them to do it. They would feel allow to do whatever they want because they would not have the rules like in a classroom. If the student is in a classroom; he/she receive more information, more examples, more attention, and more help. Every teacher has rules in their classrooms; rules that help students to be successful. And third  They would not be able to learn as much as they would in a classroom. They would not be able to ask questions and get the answer they would need. They would not receive as much attention as they need.  However, many students support the idea for students to attend classes from home. It can be considered a good idea for many students; because they would not be traveling from one place to another; it would safe them time. Also many times when there is a bad weather outside; many schools cancel classes; because they can't travel. And by considering this idea for students for students to attend classes from home would help them; because even if is raining or snowing, they will not cancel their classes. Therefore, many students agree with this idea because is not only going to safe them time; it would also help many students. Many students do not have transport. Sometime they have to walk or even pay so that they can go to school and attend to class. using the online program would give them a big support.  In conclusion, considering the idea for students to attend classes from home by the way of online or video can be a good or a bad idea for many students. I do not support this idea. Students should not attend to classes online or video. Students can get distracted easily by anything or anyone in their house. Many time studying at
I dont like becuase the student forget all information of the year in the vacations. Teachers or educators feel that the summer because students do not retain information.  I thick when the student have a spring breack or summer vacation we need study in vacatio for not forget all information, we take in the year of the school. Is necessary to be ready to next year. we need take care for not fall the clases.  The teacher well be ready to very year cause sometime the students well be ready for start the year. I think the students they need prepare every year after the summer or other vacation.  Is not bad have vacation in the year because all time study is no good, because the maind no have a relax, the maind need to distract in other thing.  I am not good student but a try to get one is so dificult for me cuse I'm not speak englihs good, but this is not scuse for not study in spring break or in summer, this is for every day to bad studen to good student. nothing is impossible to go better to better.