ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive summary This paper analysis the relationship between the cost of magazines and the number of audience, when the price of a magazine is high then the level of audience is usually high. In this analysis we hope to use econometric models based on economic theories and available literature which will enable us to specify the relationship between the dependent (audience) and the independent variable (cost per page). In these analysis we shall also estimate and analyze the signs and magnitude of the parameters which usually have direct policy implications for a firm, organization or a government for whichever purpose they would use the data for, we have assumed that the only variable that will influence the outcome which is audience is the price per page since the percentage of males and females is just a statistical measure that is significant in this analysis since it only gives the gender differentiation as audience. Objective The objective of this data analysis is to establish whether there is a relationship between the cost per page and the audience, we expect to find that the higher the cost per page then the higher the level of audience, therefore our dependent variable will be audience and the independent variable will be cost per page. We expect the relationship of these variables since hypothetically we believe that if the cost per page is high and people are willing to pay for it then there must be a high audience since people expect this to a piece of quality work and thus they are ready to pay more for quality magazines that meet their expectations. Methods We will use the classical linear regression model to establish the regression model that will give us the relationship that exist between this two variables, we will use excel spreadsheet to do all the calculations, after getting our estimated parameters we will perform the statistical inference to determine the nature and the significance of the estimated parameters. The other important statistical inference is the correlation coefficient that will help us determine the nature of the relationship between the two variables. Procedure Model specification or formulation of hypothesis We will specify our model assuming that the price per page is the only determining factor of the audience level, the audience therefore will be the dependent variable and the cost per page will be the independent variable. We expect a linear relationship whereby the two variables will have a positive relationship. The model Y = α + B X Where Y is the dependent variable or the audience, α is the autonomous value, B is the slope of the model and X is the
For any company to be successful in business, its leaders are obliged to offer a good motivating environment for its workers. This is because motivated employees are more productive, jovial, and are not likely to quit the company soon. One of the essential duties that leaders of companies undertake is having their employees motivated all the time. As much as the amount of profit that a company makes is vital for its success, however, it is not the most vital. Currently, the changing market has developed the attitude that a company staff is the stanchion that decides its future life. Motivation has become an essential aspect of an organization operation management since it increases the efficiency of the employees and makes the company to be attractive to other experienced workers. This paper discusses the ways and the importance of having a motivated workforce. In any organization, motivation is an essential ingredient for advancement of performance. At the Semco Group of Sao Paulo, Brazil, the company rests on a potential problem if it still uses the traditional ways of motivating its 3000 employees. As much as the company’s CEO, Ricardo Semler, embraces participative management approach in leadership, the employees of the company are likely not to be motivated in the long run. The employees at the company know its objectives and they decide for themselves on the ways of accomplishing these objectives. However, this strategy is less likely to motivate the employees. It is always said that you can take a cow to the river to drink, but it is impossible to compel it to drink; it will drink the water only when it is feeling thirsty. The same thing can be applied to people. Research has indicated that most people will not effectively accomplish a task unless they are driven to do it, either by themselves or through some external stimulus (Kleinbeck & Forschungsgemeinschaft, 1990, p.3). The concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation methods have been suggested as some of the ways of fostering a motivated work environment within a company. The difference between the two motivation concepts is derived from the source of the motivation. Some researchers have argued that intrinsic rewards are able to keep the employees motivated in the place of work (Bonduras, 1977). Intrinsic motivation implies that workers are encouraged to accomplish a certain duty when they are driven from within. The workers accomplish the duties due to the pleasure or the contentment they derive from completing the duty itself. This is to say that intrinsic motivation does not rely on extrinsic rewards, for example, money and increase in benefits, but relies on internal factors, for example, recognition, responsibility, growth and advancement. A company staff that tends to be intrinsically motivated im
Introduction The official goals of the US government foreign policy have been described by the US department of state as “to create a more secure, democratic and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community” (Evera, 2006, p. 1). However, the approach towards foreign relations which the US government has adopted has become controversial both locally and at the international level. The enduring values and interest of the American foreign policy are identified as peace, prosperity, stability, democracy and defense (Evera, 2006). American foreign relations policy came into existence first with the Olive Branch Policy. This was as a result of the attempts by the newly reformed US to reconcile with the Great Britain. This was during the Era of America Revolution. US strengthened its economic and political relations with other nations. This was the beginning of foreign relations of the US. There are various other defining moments that followed in the US diplomatic history. Today, only seven nations are known to have no foreign relations with the US. This has made US to be the largest diplomatic nation in the world (Evera, 2006). America and the Bay of Pigs Debacle On the 17 th day of April, 1961, 1400 US trained and equipped Cuban exiles went to the beach head of the Bay of Pigs, Cuba. Their objective was to incite rebellion amongst the Cuban people against the communist Leader-Fidel Castro. The US government feared to face vengeance from the Soviets; they therefore took the measure to hide their participation in the organized invasion. However, the ill-planned CIA plan became more dangerous with their exiles facing defeat immediately after invasion. All the blame was shifted on the shoulders of President John Kennedy, who had just taken the US president seat. He accepted the responsibility of his action claiming “there is an old saying that victory has hundreds fathers and defeat is an orphan; I am responsible for Officer of government” (Kornbluh, 1998, p. 1). From the invasion, sixty eight Cuban exiles were left dead at the Bay of Pigs Debacle; 1209 are said to have been captured. The US government paid greatly for the Bay of Pigs whose effect is still felt up to date. The invasion destroyed US government’s relation with the Cuba government. The cold war still remained even after trying to resolve the matter. This even deteriorated the US relation with the Soviet Union. Even today, the cold war is still evident. The US government still refuses to acknowledge Cuba as state. The huge irony about the Cuban debacle is that the tailors of the plan overlooked the many loop holes and intervened to establish the same relations as before (Kornbluh, 1998). The outcome of the Bay of Pigs was a big lesson. It is arguably the most humiliating event in the history of the US. It is said to be the most stupid or ridiculous and psychologically incomprehensible by the world. The long term consequences of the failed invasions were increased damage to the US security and relations with the other nations. This was evident by the relation between Cuba and Soviets become deeper thus putting US
Introduction Deciding the right feeding plan (between breastfeeding and formula-feeding) for babies is one of the critical resolutions expectant mothers can make. Presently, many health organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Dietetic Association (ADA) advocate for breastfeeding of babies up to (but not limited to) six months (Dare & O’Donovan, 2002). Breastfeeding aids in boosting the immune system, protecting against infections, averting allergies, and building body defenses against several chronic illnesses. This paper analyzes the nutritional requirements and looks at feeding options for an infant aged below one year. Nutritional requirements of infants During the first few years of infancy, children have precise nutritional requirements to ensure healthy growth and bone formation. They require fats, proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, and minerals. Human (breast) milk and infant formula contain all the nutritional requirements of a baby during the first six months of infancy. Breast milk comprises supplementary elements such as antibodies that aid in immune defense, which cannot be
It is very hard to get used to life in the country where you were not born and to live among people with different beliefs and cultural values. It is even more difficult to become a successful person in this country and to find understanding in a relationship with parents analyzing someone’s music. However, there is an inspiring story of a man who is able to find his identity and to become independent with the help of a famous American rock musician Bruce Springsteen. The man’s name is Sarfraz Manzoor, and in his memoir Greetings From Bury Park, he describes how music revolutionizes his world outlook and consequently, helps him to find peace in relationship with his father. Music plays an important role throughout Manzoor’s life. The author’s passion for Springsteen’s music is a starting point of his personal growth. Manzoor’s desperate desire to live in the USA obviously comes from his devotion to Springsteen. Therefore, Manzoor dedicates the biggest part of his memoir to the musician’s influence on his personal life to show how deep the influence of Springsteen is. The main reason why the author pays so much attention to the musician is an inexplicable bond to Springsteen. Safraz finds clues to the most profound questions about various issues that concern him. Life, love, career and relationship with his family are among them. According to Safraz, a rock musician Bruce Springsteen is the only passion he has ever had in his life. However, before he understands Springsteen’s music, he has many wrong prejudices about life in the country of his dreams. Manzoor obviously tries to compare his father – son relationship with those of Bruce Springsteen and his father Douglas. The musician and his father were both raised in America, and though they also had constant conflicts, their arguments were not based on cultural and religious issues as it was in Manzoor’s case. Moreover, unlike Springsteen’s family, Safraz and his father had different upbringings and were raised in different countries. The clash of cultures is the main reason why Manzoor and his father cannot find peace in their relationship: being young, rebellious and influenced by ‘early’ Springsteen’s songs, Manzoor wants to spend summer in the USA. Unlike his father, Safraz thinks that this country will live up to all his expectations and will accept him better than Great Britain. However, his Pakistani- raised father appears to be against Manzoor’s urge to visit this country. Muhammed does not understand his son’s desire and asks him once: “Why do you want to go to America anyway? Americans ar
One of the most crucial missions of the World Bank is poverty alleviation among the developing economies. The World Bank has since focused on six strategic themes to support their missions, in so doing, they have offered financial, technical and other forms of assistance in promoting economic growth in the developing economies. The themes of the World Bank squarely focus on the middle income, fragile and countries affected by post-conflict consequences. In addition, the bank has heavily invested in the production of global public goods, education, and agriculture in promoting economic growth in potential and promising economies. This paper highlights the methods I deem effective in promoting economic growth and development among the newly industrialized nations such as Hong Kong and Singapore in response to the request by the World Bank to provide appropriate advice. Methods currently being used for Economic Growth To begin with, Hong Kong and Singapore served as potential and newly industrialized nations by the early 80s because of their economic measurement scales compared to the rest of the world. The current methods applicable in promoting economic growth for typical firms in both Singapore and Hong Kong include the division of labor system where the prices of commodities were determined by the market forces in achieving industrial stability. In addition, the two countries have formulated a taxation system that makes trade possible for small firms to penetrate into the global scene. More importantly, the use of modern technology in the production processes offers the most effective method of production because it enables typical firms in both countries to increase their productivity while minimizing costs. Secondly, the current taxation systems in both countries allow for capital accumulation because they promote direct foreign investments in both countries. Consequently, low taxes encourage savings and investments among the firms, increased productive capacity, creation of more employment opportunities, and improved purchasing power (Collier, Dollar, & World Bank, 2002). Finally, the establishment of property rights by both governments has encouraged innovation, efficient stock market operation, and monetary freedoms in
Strategies to attain growth The core objective every business growth strategy in a firm is to increase its sales revenue and the level of profitability within a particular time frame. Over the years it has been in operation Tod has continuously utilized traditional method of creating awareness regarding its new products. One of the ways through which the firm achieves this is by having the shoe being endorsed by Diego Della Valle, the chairman of the firm by wearing it. In an effort to enhance the firm’s growth, the firm can adopt a number of growth strategies as discussed herein. Market penetration The traditional method of assessing whether its new style of shoe is successful in the market is not effective. This has greatly hindered the firm’s ability to increase its profitability. This arises from the fact that the traditional method adopted is limited with regard to its market coverage. The resultant effect is that the firm’s ability to penetrate the market is has been hindered. To improve its sales revenue, it is paramount for the firm to adopt market penetration strategies. For example, the firm should improve on its marketing efforts in a number of ways. One of these ways relates to creating awareness regarding its new shoes. Under the direction of the chairman, the firm should incorporate the concept of integrated marketing communication in its effort to create market awareness. To be successful the firm has to incorporate traditional and emerging market communication methods. Some of the tactical actions which the firm should adopt include advertising, public relations and sales promotion. In its advertising strategy, the firm should integrate different mediums such as the print media, the television and radio. Additionally, the firm should also consider increasing its sales revenue by incorporating electronic marketing through integration of the internet technology. Considering the fact that Tod is a multinational firm, electronic marketing would enable information about the firm’s product to reach a large number of customers. This is due to the fact that a large number of individuals access the internet on a daily basis. For internet marketing to be successful, there are a number of tools which a firm can use. Some of these tools include the social networking tools for example Facebook and You Tube. For example, through these social networking tools, the firm can post photos of its shoes being worn by famous individuals such as Princess Stéphanie of Monaco and Gwyneth Paltrow and its handbags being wielded by Hillary Rodham Clinton. This will act as an endorsement of the firm’s products hence attracting a large number of customers. The resultant effect is that the firm will be able to increase its sales revenue hence attaining growth objective. In its market penetration strategy, it is vital for the firm’s management team to consider undertaking process improvement. In order to achieve this, the firm should consider producing its shoes and handbags in markets which are cost effective. For example, the f
Opposing Cost-Benefit Analysis Tool Public policy is what the government officials and the public decide to approve or not approve regarding public problems. Public problems are what the public perceives as unacceptable, including environmental degradation, health care services, and consumer safety (Kraft & Scott, 2018). Unfortunately, public policy-making faces challenges between two alternatives, and the government has to make difficult choices. As a result, the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) tool was introduced to help decision-makers to evaluate the benefits and the costs expected from a regulatory option. However, the CBA tool is not an effective tool as it fails to recognize more complex, unquantifiable factors that affect the objectivity of the decision made. This paper argues that the CBA tool is an inefficient public policy tool. First, CBA requires a translation of the value of all proposals into economic terms. However, certain inputs cannot be translated into economic value such as security and safety, and the effects of new scientific innovations and their omissions invalidate the analysis (Blum et al., 1980). For example, the Environmental Protection Agency announced a new regulation to limit mercury emissions from coal-burning industries. After a Cost-benefit analysis was done, the cost of the coal industry was $750 million, compared to the public health benefit valued at $ 50 million per annum. After several criticisms, EPA authorized a second CBA to be done by the Harvard Centre for Risk analysis. Their study showed that the industry’s $750 million would affect the public from neurological, and cardiac damage from mercury poisoning that would lead to losses worth $50 billion (Caruso, 2008). These differences resulted from EPA’s original CBA analysis only focused on the effects of reducing mercury levels in freshwater only and failed to consider underlying factors. Whereas the Harvard report included the effects of mercury levels on fish and with tuna being the fish that most Americans take, which would increase mercury exposure in the US. Also, EPA failed to recognize the cost of cardiac damage, which affected the overall analysis. Therefore, this example shows the damage that could arise from valuing data in economic terms only (The Regulatory Review, 2016). Finally, this shows that using CBA to determine the value of new regulations is not working, therefore, there is a need for a better approach. Secondly, the Office of Management and Budget whose administrators are mandated to collect and evaluate regulator’s cost-benefit analysis also decides which data the regulators can gather to support their analysis. This double standard makes getting information for cost-benefit analysis difficult, which affects the overall result. Moreover, if the data needed is denied and the information left out, the data provided may be inaccurate. For instance, in Michigan v. EPA, the Supreme Court found that the EPA had made a mistake by not including costs when regulating the hazardous air pollutant emissions from power plants (The Regulatory Review, 2016). Moreover, when a company is granted the rights to request
ADCO’s Terms and Conditions Introduction ADCO’s procurement and supply contract involve making promises to pay suppliers a specific amount of money for supplying the required materials, tools, and services within the recommended quality levels and the set timeframe. The specifications are provided in the company’s contractual terms and conditions. This section addresses these terms and conditions. ADCO’s Terms and Conditions The company’s contracts are guided by a set of terms and conditions that regulate the conduct of parties that are involved in the contract. At ADCO, particularly in the Supply Chain Management section, different terms and conditions are critical in ensuring that the firm manages the risks of poor quality, an extension of time, increased operations costs, and unethical practices. Article 4 (contract administration) of the company’s terms and conditions provide a recourse for managing the risks of poor quality in the procurement and purchase contracts. Indeed, sections 4.2 and 4.3 set out the roles of ADCO and consultant representatives. According to Section 4.2, the company should appoint ADCO’s agent who shall have the power to stand for ADCO in all consultancy issues. The issues include “performance of the Services, acceptance of the Services by ADCO, and the right to require the correction of faults and deficiencies in any part or all of the Services which is not based on the requirements of a contract” (ADCO 13). These terms give ADCO the moral authority to guarantee compliance with the procured items and materials to the established specifications depending on the intended use of the items and the materials. Where lack of compliance is noted, the second party that is herein termed as the CONSULTANT or the supplier in case of the purchasing and procurement processes has to abide by the requirements to correct the condition of