ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Photography philosophy Peter Henry Emerson was a British photographer who dropped his medical career to practice photography. He insisted that science was a core part of art and photography and thus, he endeavored to prove how the two were completely dependent. Emerson’s photography was based on how the human eye worked and he took his photographs considering how the same image would be seen by a human eye. He was of the opinion that art should not be used just as a tool to express your personal intentions but photography should be a reflection of a person as a whole in character, ability and emotions. Frederick H. Evans, another British photographer who practiced pure photography, his art work emanated from processed plain films. He was an anti-pictorialist and he never used any special lenses to manipulate the outcomes of a picture. He aimed to produce pictures that were real both in real life ratios and was against any form of camera tricks or alterations. Aesthetic approach Emerson was interested in the traditional way of life and mostly with people living in rural areas. He was fascinated by these people’s relations to the land. He manipulated tones in his art and tried to see images as the human eye could see it. Evans took an architectural approach to his photography and he focused on the spatial and lighting effects created by buildings and structures. Images that exemplify their vision with regards to landscapes both urban and rural. The photograph below is Emerson’s work depicting a swamp landscape in the Norfolk Broads in rural eastern England. This photograph is the art work of Evans that was solely aimed to capture the magnificent architectural work called “Steps to Charter House: A Sea of Steps, Wells Cathedral”. Social ills in photographic works Dorothea Lange was more of a socialist photographer she regarded art as a vital reflection of the American history. She used art to show the various social ills in existence and used her artwork to point out these moral flaws. She asserted her strong beliefs to ensure social injustices were accorded due action. She was an activist who brought to light the plight of the less privileged. Photographer Walker Evans was keen to details in his photographic work he also had an interest in architectural pictures. He was of the opinion that Americans were keen to commercialize anything so as to earn money. He did not support the use of art in any commercial way and his art work strongly symbolized the course of human life. He used flattened and locale perspective to show the bound to the life of human beings. He also did documentaries by producing a collection of pictures which were captioned to explain what they depicted. Dorothea Lange photographed workers’ protests and also was keen on the welfare of migrant farm workers. The photograph captioned ‘migrant mother’ showed how the farmers’ condition was deplorable. Walker photographed the effects of the depre
Introduction The concepts of soul, mind, and body have been troubling the greatest thinkers and philosophers of all times. The main dilemma that precludes people from identifying the relationship between these concepts, and agreeing upon a unified interpretation thereof, is the theoretical, metaphysical nature of notions discussed. Though the human body is physical, and the majority of its secrets have been unveiled up to date, there are still some uncovered mysteries such as the secret of origination of new life, the afterlife, and the enigma covering the mechanics of brain activity. However, many philosophers have tried to touch upon this topic, and have worked out a set of theories on the relationship of body and soul, their significance, and the role of each of them in the overall human life. Socrates about the Relationship of Body and Mind The study of the relationship of the human body and soul dates back to antiquity. The first philosopher who started to make an inquiry in the metaphysical issues of this relationship is Socrates; he was the first to infer that the human soul is not identical with the body, and it rules it from ‘within’ (McPherran, 1996). Socrates repeatedly noted in his works ( Crito – 47d-48a, Laches – 190b, 185e, 192c, Protagoras – 312c, 313a-314b, 351a-b) that the human soul is a distinct governing agent lodged in the body (McPherran, 1996). Therefore, Socrates has made an overall conclusion that soul represents the locus of what makes life worth living. The morale of the philosopher is that the main human virtue is to value the human soul more than the physical health of an individual. Nevertheless
It is safe to say that the East High School personnel director should not be worried about Tory Bolton filing a lawsuit against the educational organization’s hiring rules. According to Aamodt (2015), any hiring policy “must be narrowly tailored and meet a compelling government interest”; otherwise, it is illegal (p. 105). In this case, affirmative action serves as a compelling government interest. Experts note that it is “an active effort to improve employment or educational opportunities for members of minority groups and for women” (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, n.d., para. 1). This political and socioeconomic approach was initiated by the state more than half a century ago. Therefore, the actions of the personnel director are legal and, given the demographic conditions in the county, should be encouraged. Five criteria help one determine the appropriateness and legality of affirmative action measures. The first question is whether East High School has a history of discrimination (Aamodt. 2015). The answer to this is yes, as employees of Hispanic descent were underrepresented in the school staff. The second one is whether the adopted hiring method is beneficial only to the discriminated Hispanic population (Aamodt. 2015). The answer is also positive here since the hiring policy aims to increase the number of school workers only of Hispanic descent. The next question is about which population was used in goal-setting (Aamodt. 2015). As noted above, they are a qualified workforce, namely Hispanic school employees. The fourth criterion asks whether the affirmative action measures taken violated the rights of non-minorities (Aamodt. 2015). The answer is no since the preferential selection was between two qualified teachers, a minority and a non-minority. The last criterion asks if the current hiring policy has an ultimate goal. The personnel director sees a teaching staff with over 40% of teachers of Hispanic origin as an endpoint, which means it has one.
Executive Summary Ken and Mary did not have the appropriate work experience needed to handle a business operation. They cannot make appropriate decisions when it comes to the ownership of a Second Cup franchise. As a result, they made faulty assumptions, and it made them believe that they had the resources to operate a coffee shop. They relied on information that was given to them by Second Cup. The document that they received provided information on the annual operating expense for the enterprise. It also contained the projected earnings in the next twelve months of operation. However, careful scrutiny of the data revealed that Ken and Mary did not have the correct information to ensure that cash flow problems will not crop up in the first few months of operation. They needed to talk to the representatives of the Second Cup to obtain a more detailed breakdown of the expenses and projected earnings. After collating the pertinent information regarding the franchise, they must decide if they will need a bigger loan. They must make the necessary adjustments to prevent cash shortages in the near future. Introduction Due to the lack of management experience, Ken and Mary made assumptions that were not consistent with the facts of the case. The $20,000.00 in savings was only enough to pay the franchise fee. However, they needed more funds to pay other types of expenses. Second Cup gave them the assurance that it is relatively easy to secure a $200,000.00 bank loan on account of their being a franchisee of the company. However, a careful examination of the annual operating expenses and projected revenue revealed the absence of key information that they needed to make the appropriate decisions for their new venture. They need this information to avoid cash shortages in the first few months of the business operation. They need to reconsider the business proposal of the Second Cup. They need to dig out more franchise-related information. Problem Statement Ken and Mary needed to acquire and collate pertinent information in order to make effective decisions on acquiring a franchise from Second Cup. Analysis The financial information from Second Cup requires further analysis, especially when it comes to the cash flow problems of the business. It is important to point out that Ken and Mary Hatch cannot afford to run out of cash while operating the said coffee shop business. However, Ken and Mary are struggling when it comes to their cash reserves. They made the disclosure that they could only afford to pay the $20,000.00 franchise fee. It is important to find out if they have access to other funds. It is not practical for them to invest everything in a single business deal. Therefore, it is also imperative to figure out th
Introduction   * The world is about to enter a massive change in demographics.   * Improvements in the quality of life.   * Increases in the average lifespan.   * 20% of the US population will be 65 years or older by 2050.   * Increased pressure on the healthcare sector. The elderly have always been one of the primary recipients of healthcare services around the world. Old age is associated with higher vulnerability to diseases, increased chances of trauma, and other related healthcare issues. Naturally, they make up for the majority of hospital treatments and long-term hospitalizations. However, this situation is soon to change. Number of older adults worldwide would double from 900 million to 1.6 billion by 2030, and grow further to reach the 2 billion mark by 2050 (WHO, n.d.). This represents a major challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. The USA will face the issue of demographic changes as well, as 20% of the US population will be 65 year or older by 2050 (WHO, n.d.). The purpose of this presentation is to analyze the impact of demographic changes on healthcare in the US through the lens of organizational development. US Population Growth Rate   * Birth rate in the US is 1.84 children per woman.   * The percentage increase in population for the past 3 years is roughly 0.71%.   * Marginal growth is achieved due to net immigration and reduced mortality rates.   * Potential increase in patient-per-nurse ratio. According to statistical research, the US population has been growing steadily for the past 50 years o
Introduction The first quarter of the 21 st century is almost elapsing and our prognostications about the coming days are being recognized. Nowhere in history, have people’s forecasts been more positive than in our deliberations of international competitiveness. Competitiveness is by characterization, intricately connected to globalization, since it is appraised for nations in an international framework. While the yardstick for nationalized gung ho lead would be other nations, firm-level competitiveness is appraised in the framework of competitors in an international industry. (Hitt 36) Indeed, our firm (Eagle Communications) has taken in to consideration this aspect in its bid to produce micro cameras that will revolutionize the way security is perceived in the world. When the idea of Eagle Communications was conceived a few months ago, we were concerned about the high price of producing and purchasing a micro camera in the market. Moved by a desire to produce and market a product that would not only be affordable but environmentally friendly, our technical team embarked on a mission to come up with a model that was both unique and affordable. (Shaker)After six months of research, our technical team came up with a model that is unique in its own way. In order to reduce the price of producing the device, we used recycled materials, which virtually reduced the production cost by almost half. This is bound to reduce the price of the device in the market thus making it more available. Unlike the micro cameras currently available in the market, our model has an alarm code that can be used to send a quick SOS message. This means that unlike in the past, one does not need to hire an all around the clock professional to monitor the cameras transmissions. Currently, the price of producing a minute camera is about $1
Australia is one of the most diverse societies in the world. Multiculturalism is one of the characteristic features of this country as its history began with mass immigration that has never ended (Nicolacopoulos & Vassilacopoulos 2012). Australia was the place where people from Europe started immigrating in the 18 th century. Soon, individuals from different parts of the world (especially from Asian countries) came to Australia due to variety of reasons. Thousands of refugees have escaped from wars, political, social and economic unrest. The country developed different policies to respond to the challenges associated with immigration. The policies ranged from highly restrictive to very liberal and now the Australian government is aimed at developing a truly multicultural society. However, numerous conflicts among ethnic groups poses certain threats to this process, as many Australians argue that it is essential to establish specific monitoring systems to regulate relationships among different ethnic groups, especially in places where immigrants and refugees settle. Nonetheless, there are numerous agencies focusing on the issue and additional systems will be cost-ineffective and even harmful as they may lead to increase of tension in the society. Up to the 1970s, the White Australia Policy was in the place and numerous obstacles for the people of non-European heritage immigration appeared, and the traces of the policies are still apparent in A
A primary goal of the article Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship by Porter and Linde displays the fact that the compliance with environmental regulations is a primary driver for success and innovation (Porter and Linde 97). In this case, it is necessary to pay vehement attention to the environmental policies since they contribute to the efficient utilization and minimization of waste, sufficient distribution of the company’s resources, the motivation of the progress and innovation, necessary additional information, higher revenues, and sustainability on the market. In other words, it is evident that the environmental regulations should focus on all the possible outcomes, which are described above, and not only on the technological improvement. I completely agree with the statement, which is presented in this article, as its central claim is coherent and clear. It could be said that the article is interesting and logical and is worth to be profoundly analyzed, as the authors present the clear arguments and counterarguments to support their position. Moreover, the authors actively employ the case studies to present the arguments. For example, the recycling regulation boosted Robbins’ Company’s revenues (Porter and Linde 103). I completely agree that the elimination of waste is beneficial from environmental and economic perspectives. Nowadays, recycling economy is understood as the primary contributor to achieving the sustainable development not only on the micro and macro-levels but also in the global arena (Lia 95). Additionally, Porter and Linde state that pollution is a sign of insufficient distribution of the resources (105). I entirely agree with this statement since the contamination is a cause of inability to eliminate waste from the production. Moreover, the waste reduction and green policies are the drivers for company’s success, as more customer niches are generated (“Green Economy Drives” A31). Moreover, Porter and Linde present “Green Lights Program” and emphasize that the primary outcome is the fact that the companies received a return on investment in less than two years (99). It is apparent that the attention has to be paid not only to the technological development but also to the other outcomes of the environmental regulations. In this case, the environmental policies also influence the sustainability of the company, its mission, vision and managerial style (Jing, Ann and Ofori 89)
The most relevant case law that deals with civil forfeiture is United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins. It describes the civil forfeiture in admiralty law that is connected with the stop and search of the King Diamond II by the Navy ship while it was in the international waters, during which a number of the shark fins was extracted, as their presence and the attempt to buy more were considered as a violation of the Shark Finning Prohibition Act of 2000 (“United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins”). In this case, the court paid much attention to the Shark Finning Prohibition Act with the attempt to find out if its regulations are applicable or not. The representatives of the King Diamond II insisted on the fact that they were not working for the benefit of the foreign vessels, and that the simple fact of purchase is not discussed under the in the statute, which meant that there were no reasons for forfeiture (“Shark Finning Prohibition Act” 4). The court supported such claim held that the forfeiture was illegal after the activities of the King Diamond II were considered to be different from those a fishing vessel conducts (Ninth Circuit Review). Thus, it was standing firmly on the legal ground, and the seizure could not be considered rightful. Current civil forfeiture laws in the USA have a long and controversial past. The idea of applying due process to an item was adopted in American systems (Weld 18). Ships involved in piracy were subject to seizure for piracy, smuggling, and the crew’s involvement, deemed to be treason. This practice was formalized in 1966 in the Supplemental Rules for Certain Admiralty and Maritime Claims and became the basis for modern civil forfeiture practices. This legislation allowed government agencies to seize properties owned by felons convicted of drug related crimes (Pilon 313). Today, any type of property can be seized, of whatever form the asset takes, provided that authorities have sufficient grounds for concluding that they are the proceeds of illicit activity, irrespective of whether a suspect is charged (“18 U.S. Code § 981”). Despite the obvious positive outcomes of such legislative approach to the process of limiting potential criminals in their actions, the Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act does not take into account the excessive power it factually provides police officers with and the negative consequences of the impact of such power on the innocent people. Discussion Civil forfeiture appears to give an advantage to government agencies in the war on crime. It also poses significant threats to basic civil rights and can increase corruption. According to Sibilla, the case of Torrell Wallace is not the only instance of excessive use of civil forfeiture law by the police (“Criminal Cases against Police”). There are many other examples where police officers abused their authority for personal gain (Bates; Ingraham; Walberg). Professionals tend to underline that increasing numbers are filing lawsuits based on similar, alleged, a
The Republic of Chad is the largest landlocked country in Africa. It owes its name to the fourth largest lake in Africa – “Chad” in the language of the Kanuri people means “big water.” The flat territory of the Republic of Chad covers part of the Sahara Desert, the Tibesti Highlands, the Erdi and Enedi plateaus, and the Vadai massif. Elephants, buffaloes, antelopes, giraffes are found in the savannahs; almost no one lives in the desert zone. The vegetation here is extremely sparse, and in some places, completely absent. This country is impoverished, despite the existing oil fields. At the same time, Chad is among the three youngest countries in Africa. Most of the population is engaged in agriculture, the main branch of which is cotton growing. Along with poverty, the country faces the problem of international terrorism. In Chad, human trafficking, illegal arrests, and violence are commonplace, and the Government takes almost no measures to stop it. Internal conflicts and protests are still taking place in the country. Most recently, the opposition opposed the election of the president for the sixth time. The protesters demonstrated a call for changes, for an end to social and economic injustice. People showed their dissatisfaction in every possible way, which caused cruel and inappropriate treatment. Some protesters were wrongfully arrested, despite every citizen’s exceptional opportunities and rights, freedom of expression (Human Rights Watch, 2021). Members of the security forces beat protesters, killed innocent residents, and even tortured some with electric current. They used tear gas on peaceful demonstrators to disperse the gathering that was beginning. In Chad, there are police officers’ inappropriate behavior, violation of people’s rights, lack of freedom of expression, and restriction of peaceful assemblies. Works Cited Amnesty International. (2021). Chad: Opposition members and human rights activists banned from freely protesting ahead of election. Amnesty International. Braunstein, Adam. (2017). Human rights in Chad . The Borgen Project. Happi, C. (2021). Chad conflict insights. The Africa Portal . Human Rights Watch. (2021). Chad: pre-election crackdown on opponents . Human Rights Watch . Remadji, G. G. (2020). Chad and its conflicts with neighboring countries. Ifriqiya, 5 (1). Shriner, D., & Rotimi, C. N. (2018). Genetic history of Chad. American journal of physical anthropology, 167 (4), pp. 804-812. United States Department of State. (2018). Trafficking in Persons Report – Chad. UNHCR. U.S. Embassy in Chad. (2019). Chad makes progress combating trafficking in persons. U.S. Embassy in Chad .