ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The issue of providing adequate health care is a major point of concern among major health care institutions in the US. Studies reveal that health care in the US is the best in the world. However, is also true that approximately 100,000 people die in hospitals because of medical mistakes and accidents every year. Moreover, politics have dominated health care institutions in terms of financing. It is also true that the Medicare system in the US will be under extreme strain in years to come. There are various challenges that health care institutions encounter while undertaking their daily operations. These challenges revolve around transparency, regulation, and handling patients’ records in a confidential manner (Niles, 2012). These challenges can only be addressed if an organization remains committed to its objectives. Various nonprofit making organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) stipulate that approximately 530,000 women die each year because of complications that are related to pregnancy. Moreover, about 3 million babies are stillborn and approximately 4 million children die in their first week of life. What is not clear is the effort that medical experts apply to enable them to cope with such challenges (Porter & Teisberg, 2006). There are various medical institutions that have sufficient financial resources, massive time commitments, and adequate talent but they still face challenges while trying to cope with challenges. In this perspective, therefore, the Joint Commission for Accreditation of health Care Organizations set up measures to ensure that medical institutions implement safety measures every year. Approximately one third of America’s leading medical institutions agree to adopt the new six-part plan whose objective is to reduce the number of deaths that take place in hospitals significantly. They hope to achieve this by ensuring that they adopt new management processes that will enable them to be accountable, transparent, manage patient information precisely, and handle resources adequately (Mathis & Jackson, 2010). When medical institutions are involved in any form of mishap, people easily lose confidence in them. It is therefore the duty of health care professionals to ensure that they adopt management processes that are efficient thereby enabling them to remain trustworthy in the eyes of the patients. However, despite the efficiency of most medical institutions in the US, various institutions find themselves at the mercy of a fluctuating economy and changing state regulations. In order for medical institutions to be efficient in their operations, they should ensure that they adopt long-term financial strategies to enable them meet their long term plans (Wolper, 2010). The goal this paper therefore is to conduct a GAP analysis of Mayo Clinic to help demonstrate why the institution has been efficient in its medical practices. Hospital overview Mayo Clinic is one of the highest-ranked institutions in the world. The entire health care field has been known to experience intense challenges in the past few decades. However, Mayo Clinic has been s
Introduction Same sex marriages have been described as many things; an affront to God, an inherent right by all individuals, a desecration of the sanctity of marriage as well as an expression of love between two people of the same sex. There are numerous argument both for and against it with some citing its possible impact on adopted children, the degradation of society as a result of same sex couples, its affect on religious tolerance and the possible ramifications of social harassment due to many believing that the act itself is against the very principles of nature and evolution. What must be understood is that the concept of same sex marriages is relatively new to society with people still adjusting to the widespread proliferation of homosexuals Same sex marriage can be considered a dramatic leap in legitimizing what most consider an abnormal form of behavior yet it must be questioned whether such a practice should actually be condoned. From a religious standpoint gay couples marrying each other is undeniably an affront to God and violates church doctrines which are literally thousands of years old. From a social standpoint same sex marriages create undue social tension which may or may not result in violent repercussions for individuals belonging to the homosexual community. It must also be noted that members of the homosexual community are often thought of as carriers for various forms of sexually transmitted diseases and as such same sex marriages are thus connected to legitimizing a behavior that promotes the spread of STDs. Furthermore, from a community standpoint same sex couples are often thought of as bad influences for their children due to a certain degree of homophobia wherein they believe that exposure to homosexuals may place their own children at risk for sexually deviant behavior. It is based on these various opinions that this paper will explore the various issues related to same sex marriage and will attempt to determine whether this particular type of behavior can be considered either positive or negative. Impact on Adopted Children One of the current prevailing arguments against same sex marriage is the notion that since same sex couples normally adopt children in order to start a family then children adopted by such couples are at risk in developing the same sexual orientation as their parents (SOLODNIKOV and CHKANI
Malthusian theory There is increase in number of children as income grows but the number remains higher after growth rate in income has already gone down. This theory does not put into consideration the progress in technology that increases returns to scale. In this theory, return to conditions of subsistence level occurs due to increase in birth rates that outpaces agricultural production. Limited supply of resources limit enrollment ratio of children in school because of people’s belief in important of prosperity and rising trends in consumption. According to Malthusian theory, education system increase income inequalities because increase in enrollment ration into education system require a lot of money to maintain children in school and the amount of income available increase at a lower rate resulting to financial deficit. This financial deficit brings about increase in income inequalities because; the amount of income available will not be able to take care of the increasing enrollment into education. Qualitative and quantitative expansion in education influence domestic inequality and economic growth. Education in less developed countries consumes a lot of public revenue due to belief that, education help farmers to be more productive and responsive to technology in Agriculture.(Gray, 2004 pp 24-27). Micro-economic household theory of poverty Children in less developed countries are taken to be very special consumption good and as investment. Fertility is an economic response to demand of consumers to have many children compared to other goods. Malnutrition does not come as a result of lack of food because; many individuals’ and households remain malnourished even if income and supply of food are adequate. The programs and policy of nutrition is based on sound knowledge of behavior patterns of households. The focus of microeconomic theory of households is on how decisions are made concerning scarce food resources which is based on the family size where large family bring about income inequalities due to demand for huge amount of money for purchasing food, purchasing power of the family because, a family that is financially unstable will not be able to purchase eno
Learning is a characteristic inherent in people because survival depends on it. Children endeavor to understand their environment; therefore, learning is a quality natural to people. Children learn consciously and unconsciously except for qualities inherent in human beings such as compassion, curiosity, intelligence, and love. However, learning can enhance or inhibit these traits, for example, the environment affects intelligence and a person’s ability to love depends on past experience. Through learning, people adapt to their environment and acquire skills necessary for survival. Learning enables people to change behavior temporarily or permanently (Cherry, 2012, para. 2). The concept of verbal learning involves the ability of an individual to memorize, understand and interpret verbal cues by repetition or observation (Wyer & Srull, 1994). People learn how to conduct themselves through observation, and infants learn to speak by listening. In addition, they can figure out their environment observing, and through experience. Although schools play a vital role by facilitating learning, children obtain knowledge through familiarity, scrutiny and listening (O’Grady, 2012). Children hear words and understand them through by listening and repeating; this is how infants learn to talk. Learning involves children making sense of words and cues; they can make sense of words and cues even when adults think they do not (Education.com 2012). Verbal learning plays a critical role as a testing method; verbal learning enables teachers to instruct children at the kindergarten level. When a child responds to a verbal cue, it becomes ideal to instruct that child orally, and teachers determine verbal learning as one process of instruction. Sims (2012) states “Serial learning depicts a situation in which participants must replicate a list of words, in a designated sequence or order” (para, 4). This process of learning requires learners to memorize various items and the associated subjects. Experiments carried out to test serial learning confirms the assertion that children in early childhood education learn memorize faster with this method (Sims, 2012). This method requires a learner to memorize numbers or alphabets, and associate them to the subject. Learners memorize numbers or alphabets in the order provided; they associate the numbers to the subject, and later recall the stimuli in the order in which they memorized. Learners studying music use this method in the initial stages to understand and memorize notes. In addition, people learning a foreign language use serial learning to memorize and understand the alphabet; once they memorize they can reproduce to make meaning in a conventional way (Willig & Stainton-Rogers, 2008). This method allows the instructor to determine the information students must memorize. Paired associate learning refers to learning where a student pairs two unrelated items and memorize them together. In this case, a student must respond to stimulus with an appro
Introduction Any organization employs a large number of people with each person having definite responsibilities. As a rule, an employee is engaged in the activities for which he/she is qualified and which cannot be performed by any other person in the company. It is seldom the case that a person has to perform the functions without special qualification. However, the financial department can be regarded as an exception from this rule. An example of such a rule-breaking is changing of the role (and correspondingly functions and responsibilities) of a controller. These days, the role of a controller is closer to the CFO’s assistant. The obligations of a CFO in any organization are to “ensure the timely and accurate execution of all enterprise accounting functions [including] understanding and consolidating financial, internal and external (SEC and shareholder) reporting, inventory credit, accounts payable, fixed assets, and payroll activities” (Killmeyer & Tudor, 2006). Some of these obligations have been recently overtaken by the controller. In addition, the controller’s functions have changed due to the technological development and the resulting inability of the CEO to cope with all the activities of the company which acquired more complex environment. This is why the monitoring function of the CEO started to be resting with the controller who is now expected to keep “the CEO apprised of the performance of all departments, product sales, costs and profits, control issues in a variety of transaction processing systems, and the impact of new government taxes and other regulations on the conduct of the business” (Roehl-Anderson & Bragg, 2005). This paper traces the development of the controller’s role throughout past several decades giving an overview of the traditional and the contemporary roles of the controller, his/her functions, and the areas for which the controller is responsible; the paper also outlines main differences and similarities between the traditional and the new roles of the controller and presents pros and cons of changing the role of this person. The Traditional Role of the Controller The position of the controller has existed from those times when the first companies started their functioning. The most drastic change in the controller’s functions occurred in the 1930s. Back then, “the preponderating importance of the appointment was shifted from a passive accounting role of the controller
Introduction Several researchers, namely Thomas, Beirman, Thompson, and Powers (2008), conducted comprehensive research on “Double jeopardy: Child and school characteristics that predict aggressive-disruptive behavior in first grade.” The chosen study uses a qualitative research model. The primary objective of the research was to determine the relationship between different and combined child susceptibilities and the school context in early elementary. The study went further to examine how that said relationship can lead to the development of forceful and violent student behavior in the ﬁrst grade. The significance of the study has been well documented. The authors explain that the study will help better manage at-risk children. The authors expect that findings would help in modeling proper policies to ensure such children have an equal opportunity at education as other children. The question, Hypothesis, and Purpose The study chosen adheres to all requirements of scholarly research. The authors explain their hypothesis well, give reasons on the importance of the research, and present their findings fully. Thomas et al. (2008) came up with a hypothesis that high rates of forceful and violent behavior exhibited by children in early elementary classes went hand in hand with behavioral adjustment problems when said students reached first grade. The behavioral adjustment problems were linked to both the pupil’s relationship and interaction with his/her teachers and also with his/her peers. The research is also engaging and uses scholarly citations to back up the different arguments presented. As stated, the research was conducted in two different schools in an attempt to validate the study hypothesis. The researchers were, therefore, able to validate the study and the results they presented. The purpose of the research has been clearly indicated in the abstract and introduction sections. The authors go a step further and justify the need for the research study. Review of the Literature Thomas et al. (2008) used and cited other people’s prior research in their qualitative work to not only set precedence for their chosen field of study but also to justify their findings. The literature review is very comprehensive and has used mainly peer-reviewed sources. All new terms and keywords have also been described in detail. Despite the many studies cited, Thomas et al. (2008) agree that there is still a need for more research to be done on the subject. Additionally, the scholars appear to have only used previous studies that coincided with their school of thought. There is very little criticism of some of the approaches and arguments used in the paper. Methodology and Results The researchers used FAST Track to pick out 755 children who participated in the study. Thus, the sample was universal and not selective. The methodology chosen fit the study well as the study needed a random selection of at-risk students in sele
Type of Product An example of incremental innovation, Oreo Thins have introduced to the U.S. alimentary product market five years ago as a thinner version of traditional Oreo cookies (Lennerts, Schulze, & Tomczak, 2020; Mondeléz International, 2020). The product has a range of flavors, including traditional chocolate taste, chocolate-free Oreo Thins Golden, lemon, pistachio, coconut, and mint (Mondeléz International, 2020). The type and category of the selected object for analysis can be defined as follows: food product – Oreo – cookies. Target Audience Compared to traditional Oreos, Oreo Thins have more variety in flavors. Also, they are thinner, which probably makes them more convenient to eat and contain less fat and sugar (Mondeléz International, 2020; Tuder, 2015). The reduced number of calories, however, does not make Oreo Thins suitable for those keeping to a healthy diet daily. Based on this, the following target audiences can be suggested:   * College/university students/some office employees (variability of flavors, easy to take as a snack);   * People that watch TV series or dramas regularly (Oreo cookies are supposed to be eaten with milk, which makes them a good home snack idea);   * Adults/young adults that have an active lifestyle but do not keep to strict diets (easy to take as a snack). Promotion The first area to advertise the product includes popular TV channels, especially those specializing in entertainment content, and popular video streaming services that use ads, including YouTube and other
Introduction The choice of the field of study is a responsible step in everyone’s life. This choice predetermines the future development of personality, opportunities, and ways of their achievement. Everything is possible until the particular decision is made. All roads are open and not investigated. Unfortunately, it is impossible to study and know everything at the same time. The mastery can be achieved only via hard work, devoted studying and years of practice. In the following paper, I will introduce information about my choice of major, future expectations, and plans to become successful. Reasons for choice I have already mentioned that people cannot know everything. One has to make definite choices and move in the particular direction. My choice of the major was rather a challenging task for me. I am a person who is eager to know a lot of things in various fields of study. I am curious about ways of functioning of different types of occupation and business. That is why it was difficult for me to make a final decision. I did not want to become involved in the investigation of the subject that was not connected to something else. In my opinion, business administration is the best opportunity for me. Business administration is a study of the proper ways of management of different types of organization. Consequently, it is necessary to be aware of the peculiarities of the particular company and its activity. This choice allows me to continue to develop in various fields. I understand that I will not work for different companies at the same time. However, I need to develop a general understanding of important processes that are typical for most organizations. Besides, business administration is closely connected with management processes, such as goal setting or decision-making. An individual has to develop critical thinking, be able to evaluate any situation from different angles. Also, a person who conducts business administration activities should possess leadership skills and abilities. The necessity to develop a versatile professional talent fascinates me and makes me excited about potential opportunities. Potential careers The choice of business administration as a major provides career opportunities in several fields. Thus, one who has a bachelor of business administration may work in such spheres as finances, operations, marketing, human resources, international business, information technology, or even health care. This diversity demonstrates that a person who has received this education has to possess a profound knowledge in many spheres. I would like to describe exact positions that may be obtained by a person who studies business administration. The most widespread occupation is a manager. One can work as a manager of the particular department or as a manager of the whole company. Managers are needed in small businesses and large corporations. Thus, the scope of practice for managers is wide. Managers are required to lead teams, organize the working process, a
Why Do We Plan There are myriad range of reasons why planning should be exercised in the society. The reasons can range from protection of public interest, regulation of private development to facilitation of public and private development in the society. There is a general agreement that planning is the best tool that a society can use to eliminate problems that stem from social inequalities and problems in the physical environment (Hammond & Raiffa1999).The purpose of planning also depends on the planning contexts. Planning should promote social unity, economic growth, and ensure development of the infrastructure. Moreover, planning should enable the government and the citizens to ensure effective utilization of resources and proper design of buildings and locations. Planning should also aim at protecting the public interest and promote private development through effective control measures (Taylor 1998). The interplay between planning and politics indicates that planning requires some element of power to ensure control and promotion of individual and group interests (Hooghe & Gary 2000). The relationship also promotes sustainable development which is the main purpose of the current government. However, this position is not fully in tandem with the view held by different planning theories. For instance, the scientific planning approach views planning as an enterprise where emphasis should be placed on issues such as environmental modeling, assessment of the impacts of the transportation system, and cost benefit analysis of different planning operations. T
The article by Walker et al. (2017) titled “Active-Duty Military Service Members’ Visual Representations of PTSD and TBI in Masks” describes the study aimed to identify potential mental disorders in the active-duty military. As a research problem, the development of PTSD and other mood issues is proposed to be evaluated as the consequences of mission-related TBI. The intervention implies involving the target group of 370 participants and organizing a mask-making session. The researchers state that such work allows determining the individual traits of each member of the study and analyzing the characteristic features of created masks in conjunction with documented therapeutic data (Walker et al., 2017). The study has made it possible to determine what motives drive the active-duty military when making masks. The findings related to the issues of culture, self-identity, self-awareness, and other personal aspects have helped identify the participants’ individual traits and develop potentially effective interventions aimed to assist military personnel in adapting to life. The article under consideration offers a unique method of interacting with the target audience and can be valuable from a practical perspective in addressing the problems of military personnel with mental disorders. Applying a grounded theory as a basic approach to research is a convenient and correct solution since intera