ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What is the relationship between humor and motivation? Humor is one of the simplest ways to ensure that employees have fun at work. Since the HRM function is charged with the development of motivation in the workplace, humor can be instrumental in the development of a free social environment. The integration of humor at work is difficult because the employees feel like they are obliged to tone it down to attain the required professionalism. In essence, the development of an organizational culture that embraces humor is the key to influencing higher levels of cohesion among the employees. Human resources should not feel pressured to assume a serious face to everyone at work. Have a good laugh in the course of handling a difficult task can relieve stress on the employees. The easiest way to foster humor in the workplace is by developing an organizational culture that allows the human assets to portray their real personalities. The values of the culture assumed by such an organization should limit the nature of the humor to a universally accepted level. According to Michael Kerr, humor at work gives the employees an impression of freedom, and this enhances their willingness to implement innovative ideas in their work (Smith, 2013). Humor at work opens up free communication between the employees and the leaders, and it can easily accommodate multicultural task forces. Eliminating the dull atmosphere in an organization through humor influences motivation among the employees because the internal and external social atmospheres of the employees attain parallelism. This free environment raises their spirits at work. What is the essence of propagating humor in a team? A qualitative study aimed at developing the correlation between humor and level of productivity must look into the effects of humor on a team of employees (Padgett, 2004). The performance of a team in a business depends on the ability of the employees to integrate their personal skills to handle the workflow within the required deadlines. This requirement compels the team members to develop close interpersonal relationships to build cohesion in the group. Humor is one of the feasible channels of developing a good rapport. When a team establishes the personal values of the respective members, it is easy for the members to develop rules on how to incorporate humor into the team. Humor in a team kills the monotony of discussing work-related ideas, and it gives the members a chance to unwind after a hectic day at work. A good laugh during a tea break is as good as a sleeping session because it relaxes the mind. Teams with relaxed members have higher productivity levels because the employees enjoy their work. A good sense-of-humor can be incorporated with team management strategies to enhance positive productivity among the members of the team. Being able to make a joke while working with team members is a good character in team leaders because it loosens the dryness associated with team leadership. Humor has an equivalent level of success in motivating team members as reward systems. Humor fosters self-efficacy for the employees by allowing the rest of the team members to
The Pitt Rivers Museum Think about the historical context of the collections. Are the theoretical motives that Pitt-Rivers based his collection on still recognizable? Pitt Rivers emphasized the need to collect and examine every artifact that could throw light on a certain culture or civilization (Maschner & Chippindale, 2005, p. 82). In his opinion, one should not focus only on the objects that have some aesthetic value. Instead, more attention should be paid to the objects that people could use on a daily basis (Maschner & Chippindale, 2005, p. 82). In this way, archeologists can better understand the technological, economic, or social development of a certain community. This principle is still recognizable because the visitors can see that the exhibited artifacts represent the diversity of material culture that existed in the nineteenth century. For instance, one can see toys, clothing, cooking utensils, or various tools used by artisans. Is archaeological theory represented in any of the museum collections and is this apparent to the public? One can argue that the principles of archeological theory manifest themselves in the collections that are showcased in the museum. Much attention should be paid to cultural archeology. This model is premised on the assumption that the material objects can throw light on the norms established in a community or aesthetic values (Thomas 2000, p. 39). For instance, one can look at the photographs depicting the everyday life of Native Americans in the nineteenth century. The portrayed people tended to make their headwear out of feathers. Furthermore, the pottery is decorated with images of animals or birds. Thus, one can assume that these people attached much importance to wildlife. The use of this archeological theory is apparent to professional historians or students who visit this museum. How are the different interpretations of the past represented if at all? Are different narratives or archaeologies apparent? Overall, this museum contains evidence that can give rise to different interpretations of the past. For example, there are manuscripts and diaries illustrate the experiences of people who lived in the nineteenth century. In particular, one can look at the narratives of people who lived in Australia, America, and Asia. These people could perceive events or social phenomena in different ways. Furthermore, there are objects that were created by different representatives of various cultures. Moreover, these people could often live in the same territory. Do any of the ethnographic collections make you think differently about archaeological sites you know of? Overall, ethnographic collections showcased in this museum prompt me to re-evaluate archeological sites that I know about. For instance, the exhibits illustrate the material culture of Native Americans. They have been discovered on such archeological sites as the Great Serpent Mound, Gunston Hall, or Chaco Canyon. The material objects displayed in the Pitt Rivers Museum suggest that these sites can still be of great value to archeolo
Introduction and Background The situation with the graduate labor market in the UK is currently unstable due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, lockdown and other economic problems only contributed to the instability of the graduate labor market, as there had been issues long before the coronavirus. In particular, the “massification” of high education during the last decade led to growing concerns that the supply of graduates would exceed the demand (Green, & Henseke, 2016). Even though the need for high-skilled workers in the UK was growing steadily during the past decade, it was disproportionate with the number of graduates seeking jobs (Green, & Henseke, 2016). This resulted in the growing number of graduates that failed to acquire a job that matched their skills (Green, & Henseke, 2016). Fortunately, over-education did not develop rapidly, as many specialists feared. The COVID-19 outbreak had a significant impact on the UK’s economy in general and on the graduate labor market in particular. Experts believe that the direct health-related economic impact of the epidemic is at least £40 billion in 2020, which is 1.73% of GDP (Keogh-Brown, Jensen, Edmunds, & Smith, 2020). The overall losses for UK’s economy associated with coronavirus were estimated to be at least £308 billion (13.5% of GDP), among which £66 billion is attributed to labor lost (Keogh-Brown et al., 2020). In the graduate labor market, the level of vacancies is currently at a 50% level of normal rates (Ball, 2020). Even though the number is climbing, it will be long before the demand catches up with the supply level. Therefore, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the graduate labor market will face many challenges. However, it will also provide opportunities for Business School graduates to help rebuild the economy. The present paper assesses the challenges and opportunities for the graduate labor market associated with the epidemic. Assessment of Challenges The challenges for the graduate labor market associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are evident. The epidemic had a direct impact on both students and university graduates. For students, the collapse in retail and service jobs will result in the inability of students with less advantageous backgrounds to support themselves in the university (Ball, 2020). In other words, even though the graduate jobs are usually high-skilled, the lack of low-skilled job offers will be crucial for some students. Additionally, the moral and mental health of students was damaged significantly, which will impact their ability to graduate from the university (Universities UK, 2020). Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to reduce the number of graduates by affecting the students’ financial, mental, and emotional wellbeing. Therefore, the graduate job market will experience a slight decrease in supply. The central problem, however, is that the demand for graduate workers will decrease significantly due to an overall fall in job offers. Even though the key employment sectors of the graduate labor market, including health, social care, IT, and finance, will be affected mildly, there will still be a downturn in job o
To contribute to the country’s further economic and social progress, it is important to pay attention to the youth’s development today. That is why the support of educational and developmental projects for young people and the focus on the possibilities of the National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Awards are important to stimulate the young persons’ development as personalities and citizens in the USA. All the successful projects which are oriented toward completing the long-term goals and tasks to promote the young people’s creativity and academic growth require additional funding. Thus, despite the controversial economic situation in the United States today, the additional spendings associated with the National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Awards are necessary to support the most effective educational organizations and developed programs because the contribution to the young people’s development is the contribution to the potential progress (Swift, 2012). According to the National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Awards, only the most effective projects and innovative approaches to learning and education as well as to the personality’s development receive the recognition and can be awarded. As a result, the necessary funding to provide the organization’s development and communications support is given to the best projects which can contribute to the changes of situation in the sphere. Moreover, the projects which were not honored can be improved to participate in the program later. Furthermore, the underserved communities are in focus, and the awards are the chance to change the situation for the better ( NAHYPA, 2013).
There is no doubt that the crisis of 2008 has shaped the existing economical landscape a lot. Leading to the bankruptcy of a number of companies, it made the U. S. entrepreneurships reconsider their policies and established only-the-strong-survive principle as the key strategy for the America companies in 2008. Although the U. S. Fed could have given a second chance to the famous Lehman Brothers Company by bailing the firm out, the chances were never taken. Hence, the Lehman Brothers have gone completely bankrupt. In a retrospective, however, the Lehman Brothers could have hardly been able to fight the financial crisis in 2008 efficiently even with the help of Federal Reserve, which means that in the case the company would have stayed afloat, they would have not been able to offer people sufficient help anyway, being almost broke themselves. Taking a closer look at the financial situation in which the Lehman Brothers was in 2007, one must admit that the company was not doing well, according to what MacEwan and Miller say. Therefore, it is rather questionable that a loan from a bank could save the day; rather, it would serve as the means to keep the company afloat for a while, yet it would not make Lehman Brothers prosperous again. As MacEwan and Miller explain, Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, Citibank, and others all held large amounts of these assets on their books. So, as the housing bubble burst, as many homeowners failed to meet their mortgage payments, and as the value of CDOs and credit default swaps fell, many banks (including some of the largest banks) saw a sharp decline in the overall value of their assets. (MacEwan and Miller, 107) Hence, it can be considered that there was hardly any chance for the company to survive the crisis. The main problem of the Lehman Brothers was that the bank depended on the Fed much more than it was required. In its turn, the Federal Reserve followed the policy of the housing bubble (Fox), which can be defined as a run-up in the prices for housing enhanced by the certainty in future stability. Resulting in the rapid decline of the Federal Reserve’s progress, the given policy must have been considered the only legitimate course of actions in the situation when the economics was gripped by crisis. On the one hand, the given approach seems rather reasonable, given the fact that creating the housing bubble helps spread the belief in strong economic system among the population. On the other hand, the downside of the give strategy is that, while people believe that the crisis will not last long, the poor state of economics and the rapid increase in price for housing will finally lead to a financial collapse. According to what Friedman, Moseley and Sturr claim, The housing bubble was in part generated by the Federal Reserve maintaining low interest rates. Easy money meant readily obtainable loans and, at least in the short run, low monthly payments. Also, Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan denied the housing bubble’s existence — not fraud exactly, but deception that kept the bubble going. (Friedman,
Introduction There are two different views which concern the issue of banning cigarette smoking in public places. These two views are held by the two separate parties that are involved. One group is composed of the smokers who are against the idea of banning smoking in public places. The other is composed of those who do not smoke and are in fear of the health hazards that the smokers expose them to. Those who smoke are not for the idea. This is because they feel that their freedom is being infringed. The truth remains that cigarette smoking is dangerous both to the smoker and to the people around and something has to be done to minimize the risk. The report is going to cover the different opinions that are held by the two groups and the reasons behind their arguments. Argument Against the Banning of Smoking Those who argue against the idea of banning the smoking are of the opinion that some of them opt to smoke due to the stress that they acquire at their work places. They therefore opt to smock so as to relieve themselves of the stress. The argument is a fallacy of inadequate reason falling under the category of ‘False cause (Inch & Warnick, 2010). It is also argued that just like other people smokers also have their own rights. They hold the opinion that provided they follow all the rules concerning smoking while at the workplace then there is no reason whatsoever to interfere in their smoking affairs as they do no harm to others and that they are responsible for their own health. They say that heavy smokers are already in addiction and are unlikely to stop the habit. This argument is questionable because smoking has been proved to cause more harm to those around even more than the smoker because the other people take in the unfiltered smock hence putting them at a higher risk. They also argue that the ban will only increase the possibility of smokers taking more cigarettes while at their homes and hence increase the risk of the children around them being prone to the dangers of smoking. It is also perceived that the ban will make many bars, clubs and pubs to run out of business as the smokers will no longer visit the places and less money would be earned from the tobacco sales and hence cause many people to lose their sources of livelihoods. This is a good example of a hasty conclusion (Inch & Warnick, 2010). This argument is questionable as there are many other viable businesses that could be done in the place of selling cigarettes. The main assumption under the above argument is that many people solely depend on the income from cigarette sells and that any law meant to upset this state will render most of these people jobless and with no source of income as well. This could as well fall under the appeal to pity as the smokers expect to be favored on this account. It is also argued that defaulters will always get away with it as at will be hard for the police to man all the public places and even employees won’t betray each other over smoking. This portrays the fallacy of inadequate reason under the category of two wrongs making a right (Damer, 2009). The arguments against
Social Media Marketing   * Social Media Marketing (SMM) refers to the use of social media channels as marketing tools for social change.   * The aim is to attract consumers to a company product, service, website or brand.   * Expected consumer actions include subscription to an online service, product purchase and access to a newsletter.   * Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Wikipedia and Myspace are the popular online marketing sites. In social media marketing (SMM), companies integrate social media in their marketing strategies. They advertise their products/brands or services through social medial channels to influence users to buy company products or subscribe to an online service (Groeger, 2011). Most SMM marketing plans involve the following steps; engagement, content (viral output), and recognition/reward. These are the plans that firms entering SMM employ to be successful in SMM. Social Media Landscape 2011. Marketing Through Social Media   * People use social media platforms to:       + Share, discuss, network/connect, play games.   * SMM differs from traditional marketing approaches in:       + Interactivity/accessibility;       + Addressability;       + Connectivity;       + Control.   * Importance of social media presence:       + Brand promotion;       + Customer Relations Management (CRM);       + Enhancing investor confidence;       + Sales growth;       + Reduce marketing costs. Social media enables marketers to build fruitful customer relationships, expand to new markets previously unreached by the traditional media channels, and offer content that is market-specific. Effective SMM involves use of multiple social media channels to interact with the customers. Furthermore, SMM has the potential of giving a company a competitive edge over its rivals. Advantages of SMM Pros   * It helps businesses to:       + Expand to new markets/increase global presence.       + Build reputation through user-ratings.       + Develop relevant content for a target market.       + Increase brand awareness/customer royalty.       + Cut marketing costs and increase profit.       + Share information between:           o Marketers.           o Customers.           o Suppliers. One important benefit of social media marketing is that it facilitates sharing of information and interaction between the consumers and the company marketing team as well as interaction between the company management and the suppliers (Martinez, 2011). It also helps marketers enhance brand awareness and build the c
Introduction In their works, Martin Luther King and Gloria Anzaldua describe experience of racial minorities and segregation caused by their color of skin and cultural beliefs. Both works portrays racial community and their social relations with the state and whites. King and Anzaldua portray their values and political beliefs. Both authors prove a view of America as a paradoxical, new world, and black society. The theme of racism and ethnocentrism helps both authors to create images of racial minorities and develop their unique identities and profiles. Thesis Martin Luther King and Gloria Anzaldua describe problems faced by black people and Indian minorities but propose readers similar understanding of prejudices and a threat of racism for modern society. Racism and Ethnocentrism In “I Have a Dream”” Martin Luther King creates n image of an African-American who is culturally part white. King states: I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character” (King, 293). The concept of black culture is certainly at times difficult to protect socially in a state in which racial politics has seldom been as multifaceted as its cultural identity. Through the images and identities Kin
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is the disease which is caused by the specific coronavirus, and the development of the disease as the epidemic or pandemic is closely associated with the environmental factors. The problem is in the fact that the connection of the SARS with the environmental issues can be discussed as the interdependence because researchers discuss the changes in the environmental temperature which can cause the increase or decline of the virus activity, and the SARS itself can affect the public health and contribute to the development of epidemics resulting in infecting environments and many deaths. Furthermore, the SARS is dangerous because of the possibilities of cross-infection. The measures to prevent the SARS pandemic should be discussed not only by epidemiologists but also by the representatives of the environment protection departments. Thus, the complex measures to prevent the recurrence of the SARS cases and SARS pandemic are based on the activities and control of the epidemiologists and environment protection departments. Overcoming the outbreak of the SARS in 2003, epidemiologists and representatives of the environment protection department concentrated on the ways to prevent the possible epidemics in the future because the pathogenesis of the disease is not studied in detail, and it is almost impossible to determine the specific symptoms to distinguish the SARS among the other respiratory diseases immediately. Moreover, the coronavirus can mutate (Tan and Mu 187). Thus, the threats of the future SARS epidemics are still urgent. Today, the discussion of the SARS, its causes and effects from the point of its impact on the environment develops because there are no vaccine and effective treatment to prevent the epidemics with the help of medical resources. The typical methods to prevent the development of th