ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A rhetorical analysis is “a form of close reading that uses principles of communication, and it is aimed at evaluating” how an author engages an audience using a text (Johnstone, 2008, p. 23). A rhetorical analysis can be prepared for many kinds of texts, shows, movies, and other forms of communicative media with the goal of making statements to the targeted audience. This paper presents a rhetorical analysis of Barack Obama’s March 18 speech. The ” Barack Obama’s March 18 speech is one of the most important speeches ” that focused on race (Clark, 2008, para. 1). It is interesting to learn that the orator has been willing to say things in public regarding race. Thus, the thesis statement of the speech revolved around making the US a better nation by fighting racism and promoting co-existence of people from different races. The context of the speech was reassuring white voters that they did not stand a chance to lose anything based on a statement of a renown Black American Pastor. At the time the speech was presented to the audience, America was preparing to hold presidential elections. Obama was keen on being elected, but he felt that the statement of the Rev. Wright could negatively impact his election bid. The address could not have come at a better time, bearing in mind that there was a heated debate on electing the first Black American to the presidency. It is worth to note that the current president of the US is known for his excellent communication skills. As mentioned above, Obama focused on addressing white voters so that they could be sure that they could not be segregated from Black Americans when Obama could be elected. He achieved his objective by combining various communication principles, which were selected and applied to the address in an efficient manner. One of the best rhetorical patterns used by Obama was an allusion, which he used throughout the speech. For example, he started the address with “We the people” to create a union with the audience (Clark, 2008, para. 7). It is notable that he used quotes from the US Constitution, which showed that he understood and respected the American Constitution. Another form of allusion is demonstrated in how he mentioned the word “democracy” that implied that he acknowledged the importance of upholding democracy in the nation. The pattern of parallelism is also evident in the speech. It has been “argued by some scholars that the pattern of communication” helps orators to make different messages memorable (Johnstone, 2008, p. 87). In this context, equal terms are applied to communicate similar ideas. In one instance, Obama used “five parallel phases in a collectio
Book Review The book by Chiew Kin Quah is entitled “Translation and Technology” and, as the title implies, devoted to the utilization of computerized tools in translation. The author acknowledges the development of English as the universal language of business and, simultaneously, the globalization that requires boundary-spanning all over the world. As a consequence, the author addresses the issues of technology usage and enlists occupation-related issues in translation to provide a full informative overview of contemporary trends in the field. The book is, thus, primarily oriented for students since it mainly discusses the development processes of CAT tools. The book omits extensive formulae, which makes it comprehensive for those non-professionally interested in the field. The author has gathered and analyzed an extensive body of data to complete the work, although it is by no means confined to machine translation as such. Rather, the book deploys a multi-perspective approach analyzing machine-aided human translation and the same process in reverse. The book consists of six chapters that are quite concise in length. The first chapter provides a discussion of terms to most optimally classify the tools used on the field. The second one
Introduction Racism is deeply rooted in the history of the United States, provoking numerous severe conflicts, confrontations, and even the prolonged American Civil War. Until now, this problem has taken place in different forms, disturbing the public and attracting the intensified interest of many experts and scholars who strive to examine its causes, effects, and possible solutions. In the book White Privilege , Blakemore provides insight into the core historical forces conditioning the disadvantage of people of color and their impact on all social realms, including private life, politics, education, and media. Thus, this book review aims at describing the most appealing ideas delivered by the author, their implications, and contentious suggestions. The Most Appealing Ideas The first interesting thought is related to Blakemore’s criticizing position on the concept of white supremacy, indicating its adverse aftermath. This idea implies the natural superiority of the white race over other ethnical minorities, thereby justifying white privilege and power. White supremacist groups believe that their race should reside in a distinct, whites-only society to prevent white extinction and maintain their peculiar culture. In this regard, the author explains the connection of this ideology with other radical belief systems, such as neo-Nazism, ultra-nationalism, and fascism, that have already shown their atrocious features. Furthermore, the book specifies that white supremacism is guilt at most of the social disturbances in the USA, retarding the comprehensive national development and causing thousands of innocent deaths. The second thought-provoking idea is linked to education, to which Blakemore gives special attention, regarding it as the essential institution that immensely influences the social atmosphere and related concerns. Despite noticeable achievements in the law field, the author indicates that racism is highly prevalent in many states’ educational entities, especially schools. Specifically, school funding mainly depends on property taxes; that is, schools situated in poor areas, mostly populated by people of color, gain lower financing than those located in higher-income districts. Besides, Blakemore states that as much research demonstrated, in higher education, faculty, especially in private institutions, more favor white men than other categories of enrollees. Finally, the book infers that racially biased education significantly contributes to the formation of specific social, behavioral patterns and disadvantages racial minorities. The book also contains suggestive insights into other critical fields of human activity, including politics and media. For example, public opinion outlets are inclined to depict white families as prosperous and stable while black families as problematic, dysfunctional, and such that often connected with the criminal world. Moreover, African Americans with lighter skin or more European traits possess a higher opportunity to work in the media space. Concerning politics, many state legislators tend to be less responsive to African-American constituents,
Introduction One of the great challenges of the new millennium is to ensure that all States are strong enough to meet the many challenges they face. If States are fragile, the peoples of the world will not enjoy the security, development and justice that are their right (Meisler 156). There has never been a universal definition of the concept ‘fragile state’ but one of the most referred to definition of a fragile state is that by Zartman who conceptualizes state failure as “the basic functions of the state are no longer performing” (OECD/DAC 1). The widely accepted and used definition of a fragile state is ‘‘those where the state power is unable and/or unwilling to deliver core functions to the majority of its people: security, protection of property, basic public services and essential infrastructure’’ (OECD/DAC 1). A state is classified as failed due to several factors. These factors range from the inability of government to provide essential services to the poor handling of calamities like international crime, insecurity and environmental degradation. It concerns states fragility and weaknesses (Cojanu and Popescu 19). Rwanda is ranked as number 41 according to the fragile state index of 2010 with a score of 88.7. This was an improvement from the similar index of 2009 where it was ranked in number 45. Despite this index, the country is still categorized as in critical state. Compilation of the foreign state index is based on various factors including how the country performs in the areas such as demographic pressures, human flight, group governance, refugees/ IDPs, uneven development, economic development, de-legitimization of the state, uneven development, public service, human rights, security apparatus, external intervention and factionalized elites (FP 1). This thesis seeks to consider the possibility of Rwanda being a fragile state. It is imperative therefore that under these topic we should look at the following three main aspects  1. What are the characteristics of a fragile state?  2. What are the indicators of a fragile state?  3. Is Rwanda a failed or prospective fragile state?  4. What are the effects of a fragile state on international relations? Characteristics of a fragile state While the main aim of the thesis is to analyze the possibility of Rwanda being a fragile state and furthermore justifying that indeed it is a fragile state, it is important to first examine the characteristics of a failed state and arrive at a conclusion on whether these characteristics are evident in the state of Rwanda on not. The characteristics of a fragile state can be analyzed along the following four dimensions that include “…. the physical security, political institutions, economic management and social welfare” (Cojanu and Popescu 10). Many countries experience critical gaps in any of the four dimensions. In terms of physical security, a fragile state is that which struggles to maintain monopoly on the use of force and often struggle to maintain public order. They are also unable to maintain their border
Introduction Canada has over the past few decades become committed to globalization through formulation of policies aimed at enhancing internationalization. This has been achieved through entering into Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with a number of countries. As a result, Canada has entered into a number of multilateral and bilateral trade relationships (Daniel 161). The reason behind increased commitment of Canadian government to free trade is to enable it enhance its public policy. This has resulted into an expansion of the country’s access to foreign markets. Free trade refers to a trading policy which allows the parties involved in trade to conduct their transaction without any form of government interference. For instance, Canada entered into a trade agreement with US which formed the basis for formation of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (Atik 113). There are various reasons that necessitated Canada’s entry into free trade agreement with US. According to Meltz, some of these include elimination of trade barriers, facilitate fair competition with member states, and enhance foreign investment and achievement of effective dispute resolution mechanisms (115). The effect of the free trade agreement has been an increment in the level of investment and volume of trade thus enhancing the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In addition, the country’s level of investment was also greatly expanded (Fairbrother 1). Due to increase in the country’s GDP, there have been increased proposals for Canada to enhance its exchanges with US. By entering into free trade through formation of NAFTA, Canada has improved on its relationship with other countries (1). Despite Canada’s increased effort to enhance ‘free trade’ in pursuit for improving its public policy, a number of concerns have been raised in relation to increased free trade. This is due to the fact that increased free trade is undermining the Canada’s role. This paper involves a critical analysis of Canada’s pursuit for free trade. The paper seeks to answer the question ‘Has the pursuit of ‘free trade’ as a matter of public policy undermined the role of the Canadian state? Ways in which free trade has undermined Canada’s role Increased unemployment It is the role of the government to improve on its citizens living standards. This can be achieved through creation of more job opportunities. By entering into free trade agreement through NAFTA, Canadian government had the objective of increasing the country’s level of employment through creation of new jobs (Campbell Para. 3). This is due to the fact that the economic integration would result into opening up of the e
Introduction The police officers are the representatives of the legal system, as they ensure the order in the society (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). Despite the obligations, one cannot underestimate the existence of corruption and misconduct of people in this profession. Consequently, the primary goal of this paper is to discuss the issue of corruption and other forms of misconduct in the police. The Code of Ethics In the first place, according to the Code of Ethics, the police officer has to be a representative of the law enforcement system and “protect the constitutional safeguards” (Dempsey & Forst, 2016, p. 231). It focuses on the appropriate actions of police and their compliance with the law system. Following these principles helps avoid misunderstandings and ethical issues in the future. At the same time, it ensures the order in the society and helps minimize crime levels. In this case, there several factors, which assist in assessing the ethical standards. For instance, the actions of the police have to correspond to the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics and internal systems (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). Apart from the official entities mentioned above, the ethical standards have to comply with the Bill of Rights and the Constitution of the United States of America (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). Using multiple approaches assures that a low percentage of police officers are involved in misconduct and ethical issues. As for me, discovering the Code of Ethics in detail helps to see the principles of law enforcement systems from the inside. It is critical for me, as I plan to pursue my career in the field of criminal justice. Consequently, understanding these ethical standards helps me discover the potential lawsuits from different angles and highlight whether the actions of a police officer are ethical. Police Corruption Despite the importance of the Code of Ethics, police corruption is present in various forms. Taking advantage of the position and committing various crimes might be one of the cases. For instance, the officers of the Los Angeles Police Department were convicted of organized crimes with the intention to free the city from the murders and gangs (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). The reasons for their actions were taking advantage of their professional position, lack of control of the law enforcement system, positive social environment for corruption, disorganization of the community related to a substantial gap between low and high-income levels, and police structural features. A combination of these social, political, economic, and personal factors have a positive impact on the development of corruption among police officers. In turn, corruption might be represented in the form of getting various services and products for free, bribery, theft, and burglary (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). Simultaneously, corruption can be internally organized when the officers work together as a group to gain financial benefits. Furthermore, the officers can perform their actions solely without any additional parties involved in the process. Furthermore, noble cause corruption implies that police officer migh
The major agents in the case – patients, medical personnel and others. Patient: Mr. Rondell It was stated in the problem, that Rondell was adopted and hence, it is impossible to know about his biological family background. However, he has a rare tissue type that makes it impossible to find an apt donor for kidney transplant. In this advanced age of medical science, the facts are not corroborative one and it is easy to find a donor by doing clinical lab research and to find an apt donor that will match his kidney cell and DNA. However, the real issue is that to find a donor who could have identical blood, tissue culture as donors are limited in number and also it is very difficult in obtaining cadaver organs due to present laws affecting donors. Medical Professional Serious ethical issues are raised against the way in which organ is allocated for transplant from cadaver sources by hospitals in the world. There is general accusation that medical centers are allocating organs on priority basis to wealthy and rich people rather than to those who are in really danger situation and at the terminal end of their life. According to Sumner, it is troublesome to demand health care practitioners to offer services that wound their moral principles. (p.266). In Canada, a physician may refuse to perform an abortion to a patient and likewise, a physician cannot compel a patient to undergo abortion. There exists a moral value in safeguarding the moral autonomy of both health care providers and patients. When there is a divergence of opinion arises as regards to morality of abortion, the quality of non-dogmatic reliability is particularly significant. 1In this case, surgeon’s opinion that replacement of fetus kidney is viable is to be ridiculed. Medical world has not yet known such type of invention as of date. Therapies for kidney replacement and dialysis witness acute impediments like immune-related issues and donor shortage. As such, a viable substitute for treatment of kidney failure is the need of the hour. One such viable alterative for kidney failure is the transplantation of fetal kidney and it is still in research stage. One of the research study performed by Sang –Soo Kim et al tried to prove transplantation of fetus kidney cells which would restructure functional kidney tissue
The role of humor concerning needs and emotions illustrates a society as a powerful teacher in the construction of the social self-reinforcing of which emotions are acceptable. Humor refers to the art of emotional maturation which entails the process of developing awareness of needs that require communication with other individuals and contact with society. When painted, sculptured, or installed, humor gives credit to the artist to experience the wit and discover various dimensions of eternal pleasure within the process of self-learning. Art has given the privilege of humor to observe the situation and include it in creative works (Freshwater & Robertson 2002, p. 67). However, humor has also been a subject of neglect for centuries, this is the reason why we don’t see many artists who have portrayed humor in their artwork. This paper would be an analysis to what extent contemporary artists like Gordon Hookey, Fiona Foley, and Martin Sharp have been successful in embedding humor into their magnum opus. The reason for admitting these drawings into the category of humor art lies simply enough in their sensuous quality. As the humor strategies turn these pages the viewer found his delight in the paintings expressed in wondering evocations of the names of modern artists. The viewer finds an element of spaciousness in such comparisons that these artists have been influenced by various types of primitive art and it is, therefore, no wonder that we find echoes of such eclecticism in these newly discovered prototypes. But the artistic application in this statement underlines that the Australian drawings have something in common with already known types of primitive art. Therefore, it is to such similarities and possible dissimilarities among the art that they deploy to explore Australian Aboriginal realities to direct the viewer’s attention. In the end, we analyze the area of their strengths in comparison with each other and determine how much they have remained capable to achieve their success? Gordon Hookey Native Australian artist Gordon Hookey’s colorful paintings are a representation of Australian feminism and cultural issues that focus on contemporary working-class humor. Dedicated to the content of Aboriginal natives, though Hookey has worked not much on Aboriginals still he presents a detonation of raw emotion and frustration that was influenced by the Pop Art movement. Hookey’s paintings when put in exhibitions illustrate a flair fo
Child Development Web ( http://www.childdevelopmentweb.com ) This website presents a lot of important information for those who are expecting a baby or have certain questions about the practices that are necessary to be used in order to make their daughters and sons happy, recognize and develop their talents. The information on the discussed website is devoted to the most common problems, and it is organized in a way that allows the users to find everything they need faster. What is more, the information presented touches upon the topics that are the most significant for parents: the stages of development of a child and signs that may indicate various problems related to the mental and physical health of the child. To continue, the website provides the users with information on a range of health services available in different parts of the United States. I suppose that this information can be important both for future specialists studying developmental psychology and for common people who would like to extend their knowledge in order to become more responsible when it comes to taking care of their children. As for students who are interested in developmental psychology, they can retrieve a lot of significant information on the stages of development of a child and disorders that may cause difficulties for children. Although there are no visual materials on the website, the information presented is still sensitive. As for strengths and limitations related to the discussed website, I suppose that the former is much more significant. To begin with, I suppose that the information is organized in a way that makes it easier to search for something specific. What is more, if we speak about the sections with information for parents, the actions that are to be taken in case of various disorders are described in detail. As for weaknesses, I believe that it would be better if different pictures and schemes were used. At the same time, I cannot consider it as a real weakness because this website fulfills its main function even without such materials. ThinkersBox ( http://www.thinkersbox.com ) There is a lot of important information presented on this website. In general, the website is devoted to special programs for children that are implemented in Singapore. Although this source focuses more on describing the services proposed by the specialists from this development center, there is also a lot of theoretical information in their blog. For instance, there are many posts about methods of education that were used in the past and the reasons why they cannot be regarded as effective. What is more, there are many materials devoted to problems of children with arrested development. The latter can be very helpful for the parents of such children who would like to understand the differences between their child and his or her peers. The website is also helpful for those parents who want to know whether they make certain mistakes while helping their children to develop essential skills. Also, it is necessary to notice that there are different types of content such a