ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Mathematics is a field of study which has been very useful in various sorts of analysis leading to business decision making. In this paper, the focus is on applying mathematical tools and techniques to business decision-making. The paper starts with a discussion of PERT and CPM Techniques. Then the use of this technique in project planning is elaborated. Finally, both thee techniques are combined as an application and a business decision is made. Relevant examples are discussed to illustrate the link of PERT/CPM to business decision-making. Graphical modeling of a sample project is done. Critical Path Method (CPM) This method is used to identify the shortest path available. In business, various processes are identified for doing a particular job and the shortest way to finish the job is identified using CPM. Critical Path Method (CPM) charts are similar to PERT charts and are sometimes known as PERT/CPM. In a CPM chart, the critical path is indicated. A critical path has a set of dependent tasks (each dependent on the preceding one) which together take the longest time to complete. Although it is not normally done, a CPM chart can define multiple, equally critical paths. Tasks that fall on the critical path should be noted in some way, so that they may be given special attention. One way is to draw critical path tasks with a double line instead of a single line. Tasks that fall on the critical path should receive special attention from both the project manager and the personnel assigned to them. The critical path for any given method may shift as the project progresses; this can happen when tasks are completed either behind or ahead of schedule, causing other tasks which may still be on schedule to fall on the new critical path. Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Program evaluation and review technique (PERT) charts depict task, duration, and dependency information. Each chart starts with an initiation node from which the first task, or tasks, originates. If multiple tasks begin at the same time, they are all started from the node or branch, or fork out from the starting point. Each task is represented by a line which states its name or another identifier, its duration, the number of people assigned to it, and in some cases the initials of the personnel assigned. The other end of the task line is terminated by another node which identifies the start of another task, or the beginning of any slack time, that is, waiting time between tasks. Each task is connected to its successor tasks in this manner forming a network of nodes and connecting lines. The chart is complete when all final tasks come together at the completion node. When slack time exists between the end of one task and the start of another, the usual method is to draw a broken or dotted line between the end of the first task and the start of the next dependent task. A PERT chart may have multiple parallel or interconnecting networks of tasks. If the scheduled project has milestones, checkpoints, or review points (all of which are highly recommended in any project schedule), the PERT chart will note that all tasks up to that p
Miller’s Tale is a comedic story that strongly resonates with both a medieval audience and culture and a contemporary audience and culture. Many social problems are raised in this story, and they still exist in modern society. The most outstanding issues are unhappy relationships, misusage of religion, and constant competition. All of them are satirically discussed in Miller’s Tale by presenting different life situations, which also happen in the contemporary world. The first issue presented by the author is unhappy relationships. People still consider it hard to find the perfect person to spend life with. Other than that, many people stay with someone they do not love until the end of their lives because they think love is not real. This disbelief in love is also shown in Miller’s tale . “To Alison now wol I tellen al My love-longynge, for yet I shall nat mysse” (Chaucer, 2003). Here Absolon is talking about the feeling of love and doubt that it actually exists. He states that this feeling might be a lie, and everything people need is just physical gratification. This is also the common issue of modern society that thinks that love is confused with lust. The question of love and happy relationships have always existed and is a problem in contemporary society. Misusage of religion is a very controversial topic that was raised in Miller’s Tale . However, the wrong usage of it continues to exist in the modern world in different manifestations. Religion has always been a strong method of power that helps to control people. Moreover, religion is often used as a way to manipulate others. “And al above ther lay a gay sautrie, On which he made a-nyghtes Melodie. So sweetly that all the Chambre rong; And Angelus ad virginem he song” (Chauser, 2003). It is an example of using religion to make other people think Nicholas is praying and feeling pity, which he clearly does not. In modern society, religion is not something completely clear and saint. People continue using it to achieve certain aims, so it remains to be a problem. People have always wanted and still want to compete with each other and prove that they are better. It is part of human nature, and it is needed to make people feel special. This problem is shown throughout the whole story of Miller’s Tale . Characters have made everything be a competition, no matter if it was social status or love matters. “For som folk wol ben wonnen for richesse, And somme for strokes, and somme for gentilesse” (Chaucer, 2003). Here Alisoun shows that for her, the lo
Scientific innovation and invention has lead to the development of a number of computer applications; social networking is taking center stage in young adults’ life as they use them to communicate and share ideas. Youth groups, youth ministries, young movements, and governments are using the sites to empower the young in different contexts (Sasha, 2011). This paper discusses how social networks can be used to empower youth in a society. Literature review The number of young reaching and accessing social networks through the communication networks created by the sites are massive; when youth empowering group want to pass some information, then it can create post in the social network and within some few minutes, a large population will have the message delivered. Such a message may be carrying crucial information that can assist in young empowerment. For example if the government is concerned about the health condition among the youth, it can post a documentary with some attracting feature that explain to the youth on what they need to do not to suffer. Youth in different areas experience different life experiences; it is through social networks that they get a chance to share the experiences and assist each over. With the kind of posts and suggestions that other people offer, the youth in problem can have his way out. For example, it is common to have job adverts or job connection done over the internet; this helps people with a certain experience to get the post and apply for a job (ProCon.org, 2011). The increasing use of the sites has made them good places to train and advertise for various youth programs and activities; ministries of youth have realized the new way of approaching the young and they are using the sites to discuss youth issues. From time to time, the youth are encouraged to talk about a certain issue. When they air out their views and express what they feel, then the policy makers can connect to the ground more easily and know how they can implement youth empowerment programs to the youths. For example, when youth are facilitated to talk on what they think should be done to reduce unemployment, the government may be thinking the best approach is to offer job opportunities in ministries or industries but when they facilitated the dialogue, they find that the youth have the potential and intellectualism to start their own businesses. When such parameters are learnt, then the government is able to implement responsive empowerment programs that will facilitate their development. One reason why young are not empowered is lack of information on various issues of their own interest; they also get misleading information which may end up ruining their lives. When using the sites informed people among the young or from other grouts can exert their authority and train the young on the right path. Experiences shared among the youth ca
Introduction Learning in the nursing profession is a continuous process that equips healthcare workers with additional insights and concepts for transforming their patients’ experiences. Within the contexts of my hospital and community, I have engaged in numerous teaching exercises that have widened my scope of practice and philosophy. The outstanding example was when I was required to educate more individuals in the neighborhood about the dangers, risk factors, and health complications of obesity. The prepared teaching plan guided, sensitized, and informed more beneficiaries about the issues associated with obesity, triggered a positive response from the selected community members, and revealed my strengths in communication, teamwork, and critical thinking skills. Summary of Teaching Plan The selected health issue for the teaching experience was obesity. This medical condition affects over 27 percent of American citizens (Fooladi, 2015). It is a risk factor for various diseases, such as diabetes, stroke, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer (Tremmel et al., 2017). A succinct summary of the developed teaching plan is presented below. Objectives  1. Sensitize community members about obesity and the health complications associated with it.  2. Encourage and guide more beneficiaries to engage in physical exercises and eat healthily. Content Medical experts measure body mass index (BMI) to examine if a patient is obese or overweight. Individuals with a BMI of 25-30 will be overweight while those who are above 30 are obese (Fooladi, 2015). Leading causes of this medical issue include a sedentary lifestyle and intake of foods rich in fats and carbohydrates. A lifestyle change can reduce the chances of developing a medical condition. It is one of the leading causes of cancers, diabetes, and hypertension. Beneficiaries will acquire this information and learn more about the importance of engaging in exercises. Teaching Methods The primary methods will include the use of educational campaigns targeting individuals in different areas. Pamphlet will be essential to provide additional ideas to more people (Tremmel et al., 2017). Members of the community will be encouraged to share their observations and insights with their friends, relatives, and neighbors. Time-frame The teaching exercise is for 2 months. Evaluation The success of the process is to be monitored using journal entries and responses from members of the community. Such an exercise needs to be conducted throughout the selected period. Epidemiological Rationale Obesity is an epidemic that poses a major predicament to the efforts put in place to manage and treat chronic conditions in the United States. Globalization practices, changing life patterns, use of machines, and sedentary lifestyles have become common features of modern societies. Most of the available foods are processed and rich in calories. From an epidemiological perspective, obesity remains a major health condition despite the fact that it is preventable. Over 35 percent of American adults are either obese or overweight (Tremmel et al., 2017). The affected individuals will
Several Australian businesses have managed to achieve an edge in e-commerce. These businesses success has had an impact in the international market and affected other Australian businesses. Liquid animation, Long Tall Clothing, Hot Bods Creatures, and Computer design marine are some of the business entities that have managed a significant recognition in e-commerce, resulting to an inevitable impact on other Australian businesses. The four business enterprises have explored new areas that no other business has endeavoured to venture (Blackey 2004, p.552). The internet plays a crucial role in the popularisation of these businesses. E-commerce seems to be a powerful tool that has placed the particular businesses and their associates in the limelight. Moreover, most of the new business ventures have aided the progress of other business disciplines. However, some businesses such as the Liquid animation benefit foreign companies and are a disadvantage to the local businesses with whom they competed for the liquid animation customers (Lan & Unhelkar 2006, p.68). Although the Liquid exchange contributes to the economy by earning foreign exchange for the country, its negative impact on Australian businesses is more prominent. The company deals with exporting animated video products for international television and entertainment video producers. In this regard, the Australians are selling their talent to other international businesses while suppressing the domestic entertainment industry. The domestic entertainment industries can compete with the local Australian businesses in the provision of graphic animation products. When the Liquid Animation lends its Australian products to international businesses at an affordable price, these companies can compete with the Australian entertainment industry appropriately. It is therefore fair to conclude that the success of the Liquid animation in business is detrimental to other Australian international businesses’ performance. The Long Tall clothing company, in Melbourne, markets Australian clothing through the internet. It has recently made progress in marketing Australian garments. This company’s activities ultimately increase the Australian clothing demand. This is because clothing tends to identify with the country or region of origin. Furthermore, the company deals wi
The political, social, and cultural life in the USA during the 1960s was characterized by the focus on people’s freedoms and rights. All the forms of people’s liberties were taken into consideration. As a result, a range of right movements was developed. Thus, socially active citizens organized the Free Speech Movement, women reactivated the Feminist movement, African Americans declared their equal rights, and the youth accentuated the ideals of freedom and free love. Moreover, the anti-war movement against the aggression of the USA in Vietnam was supported by thousands of people. These political and social events influenced the consciousness of the public; significantly, the impact was strengthened with the help of rock music and psychoactive drugs. From this point, the young people of the 1960s who were the post-war boom babies believed that it was possible to change the current social and political situation and improve the lives of many people with the focus on their real rights and freedoms. Thus, the counterculture of the 1960s should be discussed as the product of the people’s search for utopia in the form of equality and liberty as well as the realization of the American dream for all the population. In spite of the fact, all the movements associated with the counterculture of the 1960s were developed quickly and actively, attracting a lot of people, all the proclaimed ideals were rather utopian and far from the reality. It was impossible to stop the war in Vietnam, to provide women with new rights and African Americans with equal opportunities immediately. However, the hippie and psychedelic culture, rock music, psychoactive drugs, and sexual revolution present people the feeling that the changes for the new free world are possible (Goines 204-205). Love and peace became the main concepts and ideas of that period. The representatives of the hippie culture tried to live a life free from pain and suffering, but full of love and peace. Thus, the mind-changing substances became their way to avoid reality and seek for the utopian life. According to Leary, thousands of young people tried to realize “the quest for internal freedom, for the elixir of life, for the draught of immortal revelation” as it was typical for heroes (Leary 343). From this point, hippies lived basing on their hopes and dreams, vivid pictures of the changed mind, and psychedelic sounds of rock music. The counterculture of the 1960s can be discussed as the way for millions of people to escape from the unstable reality. Hippies, sexually active and free persons, and fans
Hypothesis testing has now been regarded as one of the most widespread means of conducting scholarly research in the sphere of health care. The phenomenon of a hypothesis concerns scholars’ ability to present a verbalized concept they are willing to investigate throughout the research (Shreffler & Huecker, 2021). Later, the hypothesis is either justified or rejected with the help of analyzing empirical sampling data and inference of the sample study results. A similar approach to the data analysis in health care is the notion of a confidence interval. The latter stands for a quantitative range of mean values relevant to an outlined sample (Lock et al., 2021). The most commonly accepted confidence interval (CI) value constitutes 95%, which means that the researchers may be 95% sure that the true value for the population lies within the interval presented. When speaking of the procedures’ application to health care, it is crucial to account for the presence of hypothesized value in the research hypothesis. For example, when evaluating the disease incidence rate based on a single criterion such as reposting cases of a heart attack in the past, medical researchers may use CI as a single means to identify the probability of a certain health complication within the population with previous heart attack experience when compared to the general population (Lock et al., 2021). However, once the outlined hypothesis secures more details to the population parameter, such as age group (sample participants should not be older than 30 years old), hypothesis testing should be conducted. In the case of clinicians, it is crucial to combine both CI and hypothesis testing in order to prove the significance of an outlined assumption, as there is currently no vivid indication that one of the two approaches is more empirically significant to the medical practice (Shreffler & Huecker, 2021). When speaking of personal experience and statistical testing, the most common example would concern the evaluation of drug efficacy. Thus, the CI would concern the probability of the drug’s successful intake when compared to other medications of the same group, whereas the hypothesis testing would include the p-values indicating the difference between the successful use among smaller groups with different hypothesized values such as age or gender and social affiliation.
Why Counseling Program is Necessary in our School   * Our school is multinational and multicultural.   * This program will help to understand students’ needs.   * It will be possible to meet different students’ desires while curriculum creation.   * Educational and individual excellence will be attained via helping students acquire skills that cover personal, academic and professional domains. Advantages of the School Counseling Program   * More positive environment will be created.   * It will support student personal and career development.   * Students will understand who they are.   * It will be explained that others come from diverse social settings.   * The program will help to relate educational success with career success and development. Barriers on the Way to School Counseling Program Creation   * School staff has not been trained to provide counseling sessions.   * Discipline problems.   * Great differences in students’ cultural environment (Brown & Trusty, 2005). Possible Ways to Overcome The Barriers on the Way to School Counseling Program Creation   * Step 1: Create a group that will be responsible for school counseling program creation.   * Step 2: Collect information on the basis of surveys, observations, and quantitative data.   * Step 3: To analyze the data received and use it while overcoming the barriers on the way of counseling program creation. Reference List Brown, D., & Trusty, J. G. (2005). Designing and leading comprehensive school counseling programs: Promoting student competence and meeting student needs . Belmont: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
Introduction Regional plans for the development of any particular region should be framed with a vision for the future, taking into account the need of the time and the future requirements. Developmental plans should be comprehensive and there should be provisions for all sorts of development by which all sects of people could benefit. Plans that tend to be one-sided often undermine other major areas of concern and would result in imbalanced development. Critically analyzing the three Graphic Regional Plans, one is convinced of the fact that the first had its emphasis on industrial enterprises; the second tried to supplement the first by emphasizing the areas that were not represented in the first and the third seemed to be having more of a comprehensive nature. Plan of 1929 The Graphic Regional Plan of 1929 proposed a highly developmental plan for the development of New York City. The proposed plan emphasized new industrial enterprises for the city as it believed that developmental plans should suit the changing need of the time. The plan aimed at making the city the center of all economical activities. The plan rightly evaluates the major developmental factors that are already prevalent in the selected region for the past thirty years and envisages several effective proposals based on future needs. The plan proposed to construct several regional highways and coordinate them under a complete system, made provisions for port and transportation facilities, create effective air transportation and landing facilities, and develop a considerable number of industrial sites throughout the region. The plan is proposed from a realistic point of view and it aims to conceive “the smaller things that can be done than in dreaming of things that cannot be done” (p. 563). The second Regional Plan (1968) looks forward to a more comprehensive plan as it tries to address many of the developmental factors that were not represented in the first one. As the first plan was more focused on industrial growth, it did not represent the developmental needs of the middle class and the poor blacks who were racially segregated and did not have remarkable opportunities to develop themselves. Consequently, the plan concentrated more on providing job training and ensured that there are provisions for more public employees to address poverty. The plan also realized the importance of maintaining the ecological equilibrium as a one-sided development based on industrial enterprises would result in imbalance. The Third Regional Plan The Third Regional Plan for New York had a larger perspective as it emphasized the need for the development of Equity, Environment, and Economy. It took into account the diverse nature of the people and saw that developmental projects assisted all sects of