ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Imperialism played a great role in the inception of traveling by European women to various places around the globe. In the early 1800s the number of women travelers increased greatly with many desiring to travel out of their countries of origin. As much as these travels had their own risks these women became more courageous in their pursuit for a new experience. Most of these women were writers and traveled extensively for research and study purposes. However the concept of experience was also great in motivating them to go miles away.These women more often interacted with native women and were moved by the plight of women in the remote regions they voyaged. The number of the men who traveled was equally high though the manner in which they traveled and documented their experiences was different. Women tended to be less domineering and never conquered the places they traveled. At the same time women focused on the social plight of native women and family life. These travel epics gave women many experiences and elevated their thinking patterns to a great extend. Travel experiences As a result of imperialism European elite women increasingly became interested in the activity of traveling around the globe which offered many opportunities. Right from the eighteenth century elite women engaged in epics as a way of advancing their education. This was the case since in the course of the journey they could sharpen their language skills and come in contact with various works especially art and construction (French and Poska, 253). It was also a common belief that going on a journey could help a woman refresh her mind and restore herself. Lots of money was therefore spent on the journeys for these and many other benefits. Women therefore would take travels around the European continent as some traveled to the United States. For instance Gertrude Bells epic to the Middle East is well documented in her works. Her sojourn to the Middle East and other places gave her unique experiences which she could not have had in Britain (French & Poska, 401). This is true since she based one of her works on the journey to the Middles East. This became a bestseller giving a clue at hoe the epic was adventurous. Being a writer her account of the experiences the Middle East were s o captivating that it was well received by the audience. She not only traveled to the Middle East but also went to the Scandinavian and Iceland. Her travel career however ended in the 1857 where she carefully chronicled all her travel experiences which were well received by the European audiences. Expanded Opportunities The advent of traveling by the elite European women during the period when imperialism was at its peak offered various opportunities. Most of this epics were conducted either for adventure, study of therapeutic reasons. However the results were outstanding because the interaction between these women and the native societies gave them new perspectives about reality and life in general. For instance the oppression of the native women in Africa and the family problems of the local people provided avenues where these elite travelers obtained
The 1929 stock market crash was a breakdown of stock prices that led to the worst economic declines in the United States. One of the causes of the event was the speculation on the stock market. Business owners had profits on new technologies and could speculate excess money, changing the Stock Exchange from a securities market into a gaming-house (Schlesinger, 1957). In response to good tariff news, stock prices increased, and those who invested in the stock market became rich (Beaudreau, 2019). From October 23 through October 31, “a total of nearly 70.8 million shares were traded” (Klein, 2001, p. 325). However, people took too many loans to speculate on stock prices, which led to a financial collapse. Other reasons for the stock market crash were low wages, a struggling agricultural sector, and an excess of bank mortgages that could not be liquidated. The Great Wall Street crash contributed to a huge global financial collapse. Banks lost millions of dollars because depositors withdrew all their money simultaneously. Moreover, banks foreclosed on personal loans and businesses, and those who relied on investment returns suffered the most. People were forced to pay back their loans even when they had no money. The Great Depression was another consequence of the stock market crash, although it was not the sole reason. People lost their jobs, and the luckiest ones had their salaries cut (The History Room, n.d.). Many people became homeless and jobless, which led to the soup kitchens and bread lines. Many industries, including the car industry and building construction, fell because there were no buyers. Some business owners committed suicide because their businesses went bankrupt, and some of them died early due to those tragic events (The History Room, n.d.). Wages were low and working hours long, leading people to starvation and exhaustion.
On December 3, 2015, a new exhibition opened at the Mount Saint Vincent University Art Gallery (“Robert Tombs” n. pag.). The exhibition bears the name “Robert Tombs: Index. Graphic Works 1985–2015.” As it is apparent from the name, it shows the works of Robert Tombs, a famous contemporary Canadian artist, and designer. The exhibition allows the viewers to personally experience the works of the artist and lets them build a rather clear picture of his artistic activity. The exhibition presents a collection of works by Robert Tombs. It is noteworthy that the pieces of art created by the artist mainly consist of photography, installations, as well as of works of graphic design. The exhibition is comprised of more than a hundred of exhibits; it is worth pointing out that not only the mentioned types of art are demonstrated but also the books of Robert Tombs, his posters, sketches (which include drawing, offset printing, and xerographic images), as well as catalogs of his other works of art. The curator of this exhibition at the MSVU Art Gallery is Ingrid Jenkner, who is also the Director of this gallery. It is noted that Ms. Jenkner has rather much experience of collaborating with Robert Tombs; she did so since the mid-1990s. According to her own confession, this mutual work provided the current MSVU Art Gallery Director with a number of insights regarding the modernist art (Jenkner par. 4). Today, Ingrid Jenkner had the opportunity to exhibit the artist’s works in the gallery that she is the head of. It should be apparent that
Introduction The Affordable Care Act changed many aspects of US health insurance and the healthcare system. One of the most significant changes was the Medicaid expansion because it allowed many Americans to receive benefits and afford insurance. Consequently, the abolition of the ACA will take away this opportunity from many people, which will significantly reduce the demand and supply for health insurance and affect the purchasing power of citizens and the labor market. Impact on the Health Insurance Market The first most significant and predictable impact of the ACA’s potential repeal is reducing the demand for health insurance. Popken (2017) notes that ASA has created 20 million new insured clients, which is a significant number of clients for insurance companies and healthcare providers. Since there is no other plan today that could replace the ACA, its cancellation is likely to result in the same insurance conditions that were in 2010. This fact means that most Americans who cannot afford insurance due to low income will refuse to buy it. At the same time, the consequences of quarantine and the pandemic are the loss of jobs by many employees, which only increases the number of people who cannot afford insurance. Consequently, the repeal of the ACE will cause a sharp drop in demand and affect both the work of insurance companies and healthcare facilities. A decrease in demand will also lead to a reduction in supply because it will not be profitable for companies to offer a variety of insurance plans for people who cannot afford them. In addition, the ACA also had clauses on the compulsory services that insurance must cover and the elimination of discrimination against people with illnesses; thus, its cancellation could also reduce the offers for individual private insurance (Guo et al., 2017). In other words, if these requirements do not work, companies can reduce the number of insurance plans to a minimum but increase costs to cover the shortage due to low demand. Thus, health insurance can become even less affordable for the population. Effect on the Labor Market Moreover, the lack of insurance for most people means the unavailability o
Introduction With the modern uncertainty in information and physical safety, even computer programmers who understand the inner technical operations for software admit that there is no single way to eliminate computer security threats. However, software developers struggle so hard to improve the security levels of existing software. As a result, the constant improvement allows more users to enjoy new software functionalities, as well as the security benefits that come with the new deals. According to relevant sources, software risks will always exist as long as various systems within the computer system are working, as well as allow people to access emails, social networks, and e-commerce. In addition, programs with malware and hackers are always present and in search for confidential information. The major source of software vulnerability can be attributed to coding errors. While coding errors affect some languages such as C and C more than other languages like Java, coding is a problem that is likely to affect all languages (Foremanm, 2009). Solutions to Part A: Asset Vulnerability In many ways, modern technology seems to offer solutions to almost every single problem. While software vulnerability has been a key problem for the computer programs, technology has come up with solutions to curb this evil. This part of the project presents ways through which computer security has become uncomplicated. It has become easy to identify software weaknesses and vulnerabilities identified in phase I as well as give means to fix the vulnerabilities to the original state. With the sophistication of computer security systems, it is continually getting easy to create software that provides protective measures against hackers. Some of these security systems include windows firewall, antivirus, and antispyware that are designed to prevent the software from several security threats (Wright, 2009). It has become clear that in the society today, there is no way to avoid computer security vulnerability; hence, it is worth to understand the ways of preventing the software protection from being compromised. In an effort to the plot and explain the answer to this vulnerability, the study has identified the solutions to preventing this destruction. Identifying the area where the computer software is vulnerable is a challenging task, which must be conducted so as to prevent the computer from being vulnerable. Fortunately, te
What is Sociology of Religion? Sociology is concerned with people’s interaction in groups and interactions of different groups of people. Admittedly, religion can be regarded as a social phenomenon, a set of beliefs and doctrines that unite people in certain groups. Notably, in the majority of countries religion and state are divided, though in some countries these two entities are combined into one. Therefore, it is possible to state that religion plays crucial role in people’s lives in some countries. More so, there are lots of people who claim they do not relate themselves to any religious groups. Nonetheless, every individual is affected by certain religious beliefs. For instance, the western world is based on principles of Christianity which shape behavior of many nations. Furthermore, there are a lot of religious groups which interact with each other. These religious groups also influence (or try to influence) other people, e.g. those who are not members of the group. There have been many examples when religious groups tried to make other people adopt their principles. For instance, indigenous people of Americas, Africa, Australia, etc. were turned into Christianity. Therefore, religion is also concerned with people’s interaction in groups. It is but natural that Sociology of Religion is a very important branch of sociology. In the first place, it is necessary to define this branch of Sociology of Religion. It is a non-evaluative and empirical study of interactions between people in different religious groups and interactions between different religious groups. Importantly, sociology of religion is based on empirical data. This means that it operates specific data and draws conclusions based on facts rather than assumptions. Any theory is carefully checked by anthropologists and sociologists. It is also important to add that sociology of religion is not concerned with assessment and evaluation of religions. This study does not answer the questions concerning the best religion or best religious practices. Moreover, sociologists try to remain as unbiased as possible. Though, everyone understands that researchers can hardly be totally unbiased as they are raised in terms of specific cultural conventions. However, scientific approach helps sociologists be quite unbiased. This branch of sociology explores origins of religions, peculiarities of beliefs and rituals and it also determines the extent to which these beliefs and rituals affect people. Why Is This Subject Important? As has been mentioned above, religion is still an important part of people’s life. It has shaped people’s behavioral patterns within certain communities. Thus, the study exploring peculiarities of this phenomenon is very important as it helps understand to what extent religion shapes people’s behavior. Sociologists can also help understand the reasons why religion is so important for people. This study can help foresee the future of religion as well as humanity. In other words, researchers will be able to understand what makes people develop certain beliefs and ritual
Interests The situation in the case refers to diverse types of interests among the involved parties: shared, differing, and conflicting. Harborco shares the economic and developmental interests with Fujairah Department of Economic Development and Federal Agency of Coastal Resources. At the same time, the primary interests of the UAE Environmental League profoundly differ from those held by the organization. Lastly, the interests of other ports in the UAE enter into the conflict with Harborco’s interests as they want the same things. As stated by Patton (2005), identical interests often become the source of the most intense conflicts. Thus, during the negotiation, Harborco should pay significant attention to the ports’ concerns regarding the maintenance of financial profitability as this area is the most challenging to deal with in the given case. The parties should consider as many potential solutions to the given problems as possible in order to create a win-to-win situation. To do so, both possible negative and positive circumstances of the conflict (e.g., the effects of partnerships or their lack of financial performance) must be taken into account. Legitimacy Patton (2005) states that often the need for legitimacy and fair treatment is “the main driver in a dispute” (p. 281). As in the case of conflicting interests, the parties that claim fair treatment and have different views on the legitimacy of a solution may have the same interests as their counterparts. In the case, Harborco considers that it is reasonable to establish a new deep-water port, while other UAE ports may consider the realization of the proposed project as an unfair decision because it may be detrimental to their performance. However, the opposing views of legitimacy may be supported by differing interests as well. For instance, from the perspective of the UAE Environmental League, the provision of freedom to develop any industry mix to Harborco would be unfair. To come to a well-crafted agreement, researchers suggest the involved parties seek the understanding of opposing views as the combination of different stories helps generate new insights (Weiss, 2013). Relationship Relationships among parties constitute a core of the negotiation process. Patton (2005) notes that “having a fond or trusting relationship may make dispute resolution easier, while hostile feelings can make it much harder” (p. 282). There are several ways in which Harborco’s relationships with other parties may go wrong. The major threat, however, is hidden in the fact that the organization needs to reach the agreement with only four of the five parties. In the given situation, Harborco may decide to prioritize relationships with those stakeholders that have less differing interests with it while neglecting the party with the major opposing views (i.e., the UAE ports). Nevertheless, such a decision may be considered unethical and, moreover, by disrupting relationships with one of the stakeholder groups, the company may influence its performance in a negative way. To avoid unfavorable outcomes, Harborco should treat other ports as potential business
Introduction It should be noted that the movie Before Sunset displays not only a romantic adventure of the two people who are in love, but it is also a film that vividly reveals the way the scenery and the particular city setting might influence people’s lives and decisions. The main heroes walking through the Parisian quarters and gazing at the views of the town experience a range of different emotions that emerge in the modern city of love (Mennel 62). It can be assumed that it was mostly the place itself and the intensive physical designs that we’re able to support and even encourage the new and unrevealed sensations in the two people. Therefore, it should be stated that the contemporary urban planning is not only the conditions in which people live and function but also an important part of everyday life as well that either supports or disrupts people and their perspectives. Analysis As stated by Barbara Mennel, the movie depicts the city and portrays the characters in such a way to reveal the way the setting and its planning contribute to the emergence of an intrigue (Mennel 62). According to the author, it was Paris that provoked the two idlers to enjoy themselves in the city of love and to dive into this encounter after the long nine years of separation when each of them had a life in different countries (Chiasson par. 1). The city setting provokes the leisurely walks and the spontaneous exploration of what this urban center has to offer to its residents and visitors. Thus, the place is simply a platform for adventures. Importantly, none of that would be possible if the main characters met in another city. Paris’s planning includes pedestrian-friendly city structure, allowing and encouraging long walks. Additionally, Paris offers open space for the idlers to reach new experiences. Needless to say that Paris is indeed beautiful in all four seasons. From the very beginning, the city offers the main heroes such small streets and quarters in which the idlers can either marvel at the beauties of Paris with its sights and architecture or concentrate on each other in an atmosphere of privacy and romance. The two lovers walk down the pedestrian street, and no car or any other distraction could interrupt their talk (Rosenthal par. 2). The buildings are close to each other by allowing pedestrian street life and offering such enclosed spaces that ensure intimacy. Therefore, it can be concluded that the interchanging open public spaces and private ones create such conditions in which people can enjoy both the city and themselves. As the two lovers continue their walk, they encounter a street that is well controlled and planned. It has man-made gardens and paths for pedestrians, which create the space that is solely recreational. In such a setting, the residents can s
The Book of Daniel is found in the Old Testament. The Book of Daniel was written in both Hebrew and Aramaic and is constructed of six chapters of narrative and four chapters each focusing on an apocalyptic vision that Daniel has. The first six chapters are told in the third person and the last four are from Daniel’s perspective as he reflects on the meaning of his interpretations of the king’s dreams. The book takes place in Babylon where the Jews were exiled, during a period called the Babylonian Captivity. The Jews of the Kingdom of Judah were deported to Babylon during the sixth century BC. Nebuchadnezzar was the king of Babylon at the time and Daniel’s story is about his time as an advisor to Nebuchadnezzar. The book includes renditions of times when the royal court-tested Daniel’s religious loyalty as well as, most notably, Daniel’s interpretation of the king’s dreams. The Book of Daniel has many implications in Christianity and the lives of Christians. In the Catholic mass, the Song of the Three Children which is included in the Book of Daniel is used, as is the prayer of Azariah. In mainstream Christian culture and Christian literature, the two main elements of the Book of Daniel that hold significance are that of Daniel’s supposedly historically accurate prophecies and the reference to resurrection and judgment. There are some historical discrepancies in the story of Daniel, among them the appearance of King Darius as ruler of Babylon who does not appear in any other historical source from or concerning the sixth century. Also, although Christians believe that the book was written by Daniel himself during the sixth century Babylonian Captivity, it is widely held by most biblical scholars today that this is not true. Still, the apocalyptic visions that Daniel has are the foundation of much of Christian literature. Christians consider the visions Daniel described as being deemed by Jesus as signs that the apocalypse is truly coming. There are many reiterations of the book of Daniel in the book of Mark which, in the Christian religion, prove that Daniel’s revelations had, and would continue, to come true. Because of this verification by Jesus, Christia