ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Team A team of two individuals will undertake the project. Each individual will play a particular role depending on the schedule, capabilities, and specialization. Moza and Latifa are team members. However, at this stage, Moza is the one responsible for formulating and providing a detailed explanation of the research topic. In other words, Moza will provide reasons why the topic needs to be studied. Besides, the discussion will focus on the problem of the study area. Also, Moza will formulate questions of the proposed topic that the study will seek to answer. Finally, Moza will provide a detailed schedule for the study and state-specific expected results of each scheduled activity. In the schedule, Moza will also provide estimated costs that each activity is expected to incur. On the other hand, Latifa’s main responsibility is to discuss the methodologies that are to be used in the study. In other words, Latifa will provide a detailed description of the research methodology including qualitative and quantitative techniques that are to be applied in the study. In the methodology, primary and secondary research methods will be discussed including details on how the data will be collected. Besides, Latifa will explain how both primary and secondary sources of data are accessed, analyzed, and presented. Essentially, Latifa will focus on the proposed study methodology and provide a detailed explanation of the primary and secondary sources of data, type of data to be collected, how the data are accessed, and reasons why such data are critical for the study. The Problem Area Whether corporate social responsibilities undertaken by the firm have an impact on customers or not remains a major concern to most managers of various organizations. It represents an area that needs to be studied. In this study, the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the firms’ clients will be examined. The main objective of the study is to scrutinize the impact of corporate social responsibilities on the organization’s clients. Both qualitative and empirical studies techniques will be applied to study changes in the behaviors of clientele due to the implementation of corporate social responsibilities. Existing literature indicates the positive effects of corporate social responsibility on increased customer satisfaction (Gray et al., 2007). Therefore, this study is hypothesized according to the previous findings of various studies. As such, the findings of this study should authenticate this strong belief that CSR practices have positive impacts on customers’ satisfaction. Further, this study intends to examine empirically the influence of corporate social responsibility on customers’ attitudes. Much of the earlier studies have focused on the impact of corporate social responsibility on the employee’s outcomes. However, the study is distinct and original since the effects of corporate social responsibility on clients will b
Introduction Every individual aspiring to pursue a medical career must choose from a wide range of medical specialties. According to the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) (2), the most common choices in the medical discipline are cardiology, neurology, dermatology, plastic surgery, pediatrics, gynecology/obstetrics, endocrinology, and orthopedic surgery (American Medical Association para. 4; ABMS para. 8). Nevertheless, I will examine the specialties of my choice. Cardiology This medical specialty deals with the diagnosis and cure of heart disorders (Commonwealth of Australia para. 5). An expert in this medical specialty is called a cardiologist (Department of health and aging para. 4). His/her roles involve examination of patients with suspected heart disorder by conducting a careful, extensive review of the patient’s condition history, coupled with a wholesome physical assessment (Matthews para. 4). According to the Hallmark of Health (para. 5), cardiology deals with the care of patients suffering from heart disorders. For instance, pediatric cardiologists are concerned with heart disease afflicting infants, children, and teenagers. These professionals associate with grown-up cardiologists in matters about congenital heart disease. Neurology A neurologist deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders linked to the central nervous system (CNS-brain and spinal cord); the peripheral nerve system (PNS); autonomic nervous system (ANS); muscles and vascular system associated with nerves (Bwow 696; Gaebel Zielasek and Cleveland 37). The subspecialties of neurology are described in the proceeding paragraphs. Firstly, clinical neurophysiology is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of CNS, PNS, and ANS disorders using electroencephalography (EEG), nerve conduction system (NCS), and electromyography (EMG) techniques (Holloway 243). Secondly, hospice and palliative medicine are concerned with prognosis and alleviation of suffering by patients afflicted with lethal disease (Department of Health para. 6). Thirdly, a neurodevelopmental disability is concerned with the diagnosis and management of chronic ailments targeting developing and mature neurological systems; including cerebral palsy, chronic behavioral syndrome, and mental retardation (Kelly and Feeney 344). Moreover, neuromuscular medicine deals with diagnostics and management of neurons, muscles, or neuromuscular synapses (Healthcare Commission para. 6). Pain medicine is concerned with the provision of consultation or quality primary care services for acute, chronic, or cancer
Introduction This paper will analyze classroom review protocol as an assessment tool for high school counselors. Assessment is an important activity that helps implementers of any given program to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the strategies used in implementation. A proper assessment process must follow predefined steps to test the level of achievement. High school counselors use a number of tools to assess student’s needs as well as the impact of the counseling to their clients. There is a number of qualitative tools school counselors use to measure the level of student achievement. The tools include; “classroom observation protocols, anecdotal reports, questionnaires and open-ended rated scales Whiston” (2009). In this paper, the writer examines assessment by the tool developers and its reviews by other scholars regarding effectiveness and application to different populations. The relevance of the tool in guiding one on making an informed ethical judgment when using the tool to different groups of clients will also be examined. Classroom Observation Protocols Educational policy makers influence huge investments towards the improvement of education. Such investments in the modern days have been more in equipping schools with computers and ensuring internet connection to schools. To justify the huge investments in this sector, there is need to evaluate the impact realized in education as a result of the investment. Classroom observation protocols have largely been used as a tool to evaluate the impact of the various classroom practices. The tool is carried out through different approaches; Anastasi & Urbina (1997) suggest that “checklists, open minded questions, holistic ratings, rubrics, models and conceptual grids” can be used to carry out classroom observation protocols. As an assessment tool, classroom observation finds wider application in other subjects such as mathematics and sciences. School counselors significantly use the tool to assist students find solutions to both academic and social problems. Anastasi & Urbina (1997) indicate that in applying classroom observation protocols, counselors examine the student’s general behavior such as; body language, communication skills and skills to cooperate with peers. Eye contact is the most important aspect in regard to body language. Other body language aspects include; facial expressions, gestures and
Statement of the Problem The growing rates of urbanization represent a significant problem for the worldwide community due to the increasing prevalence of obesity among children. This particular problem is outlined as a definite major health crisis across the globe since developed and transitional societies are having trouble with curbing the increase in the number of obese individuals (Datar, 2017). The problem of children with obesity is not new for many countries across the globe, which makes it an essential task for care providers to address it before the number of obese children worldwide exceeds every acceptable limit. AlBlooshi et al. (2016) mentioned a linear increase in terms of childhood obesity, with the most extreme upsurge witnessed in children aged from 3 to 12 (2.36% per annum). Even though similar rates were identified during the 2013-2014 season, the current state of affairs is somewhat worse, especially with a 30% higher rate of obesity in boys compared to that of girls. The peaking values were found in children aged from 11 to 14, as 21.6% of that UAE population cohort were found to be extremely obese (AlBlooshi et al., 2016). Considering the statistics presented above, it may be claimed that the issue is going to develop further, so immediate action is required. The issue of childhood obesity may also be considered important due to the lack of an international consensus on how to approach the problem and create a positive environment for altered health behaviors. The thesis that further research is intended to validate is that educational programs for parents and their children could help slow down the spreading of the issue of childhood obesity and provide stakeholders with additional insights regarding worldwide health trends. The current paper includes a section where relevant literature is reviewed. Also, empirical evidence is mentioned to strengthen the argument developed throughout the literature review. Ultimately, the researcher presents their findings in a concise format and provides relevant recommendations for responsible stakeholders intended to reduce the number of obese children across the United Arab Emirates. Review of Relevant Literature Bailey-Davis et al. (2017) claim that the effectiveness of school-based reports paired with parent education could lead care providers to more positive health outcomes throughout several school years. Weight status should be perceived as one of the essential contributors to one’s wellbeing as well. According to Williams et al. (2018), parents’ perceptions make quite a difference, as protective behaviors can be rarely found in the existing educational interventions. Therefore, instruments such as SBMIS or PEACH could hel
Introduction As the process of globalization continues to shape the contemporary multicultural world, numerous moral issues arise when different cultures collide (Demuijnck 818). This paper aims to discuss the viability of such ethical theory as relativism in the context of the mentioned issues. Main Body First of all, it is essential to distinguish between moral and cultural relativism. Moral relativism refers to the perception of morality as a subjective matter to every individual (West 202; Midgley 70). Cultural relativism holds the idea that people from one culture do not have rights to judge actions and norms of people from another culture (Dickman et al. 325). This paper focuses on the latter variety of relativist theory. As an example of the theory’s application, one could mention child marriages which are widespread in Asia and Africa (Eriksen 1147). Children are taken from their families; they are sometimes raped and mutilated (“Too Young to Wed: The Secret World of Child Brides”). From the relativist standpoint, such practice is the expression of the different cultural norm which should not be judged. However, child marriages happen not only in Asia and Africa since there are examples of such unions in the United States. Even though some people are not aware, there are numerous occasions of underage marriages which are not banned by the government (Kristof). Therefore, the moral aspect of the issue is explicitly addressed because it is evident that those marriages do not happen in some other culture but American. The experiences of underage marriage are vastly destructive for the children involved in it, and the consequences, including the detachment from education, are immense (Kristof). Conclusion In conclusion, one could say that cultural relativism is wrong moral standpoint. This theory suggests that norms of other cultures should not be judged from the perspective of different culture. However, in the globalizing multicultural world, such morality leads to the interosculation of highly adverse practices. Works Cited Demuijnck, Geert. “Universal Values and Virtues in Management Versus Cross-cultural Moral Relativism: An Educational Strategy to Clear the Ground for Business Ethics.” Journal of Business Ethics , vol. 128, no. 4, 2015, pp. 817-835. Dickman, Amy, et al. “The Moral Basis for Conservation: How Is It Affected by Culture?” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , vol. 13, no. 6, 2015, pp. 325-331. Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. “Global Citizenship and the Challenge from Cultural Relativism.” Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology , vol. 12, no. 4, 2014, pp. 1141-1151. Kristof, Nicholas. “11 Years Old, a Mom, and Pushed to Marry Her Rapist in Florida.” The New York Times. 2017. Web. Midgley, Mary. “Trying Out One’s New Sword.” Heart and Mind: The Varieties of Moral Experience . New York: St Martin’s Press, 1981. “ Too Young to Wed: The Secret World of Child Brides. ” YouTube . 2011. Web. West, Andrew. “Applying Metaethical and Normative Claims of Moral Relativism to (Shareholder and Stakeholder) Models o
Introduction Quality improvement organizations are not-for-profit organizations whose members are: qualified physicians, technicians, nurses, statisticians, and other professionals in the field of health care. Every state in the USA has a quality improvement organization that is contracted for a maximum of three years to help in the improvement of the standards of the health care provided to people. They are contracted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services and they advise the Medicare trust on which health care products to pay for. They are usually quasi-governmental organization. This means that they are treated by state laws and regulations though they are separate and autonomous. They are funded by the government through centers for Medicare services. The core function of quality health care organizations is to ensure that Medicare beneficiaries receive quality and efficient health care. This paper will describe the quality improvement organizations, their functions, and the stakeholders affected by the organizations.. (Michael, 2006) Functions of quality improvement organizations The functions of the quality improvement organizations are summarized underutilization functions and review functions. Quality improvement organizations are supposed to review the services offered by health care professionals, doctors, providers of health care facilities, and suppliers of health care products. In its review, the QIO must determine the following.. (Michael, 2006) Whether the services provided were the appropriate ones for the diagnosis and the treatment of the sickness for which the patient sought the services. They should determine whether the patient was given the right care in case of a terminal illness and whether the right vaccination was given in case of prevention of illness. They determine whether the health care provided by the health care providers meet the standards of health care stipulated in the codes.. (Kambic, 2006). They review the economic aspect of the care. For example, they have to review whether outpatient care was more economical than inpatient care given to a patient. For a patient to be admitted, he or she must have an illness that can be treated only in an acute care facility. This implies that the patient should only be admitted if he is in a critical condition.
The film Symphony of Science – Our Biggest Challenge (Climate Change Music Video), illustrated that climate refers to the average weather pattern of a planet or region over time. Its key components are temperature and precipitation. Furthermore, climate of any particular location is affected by latitude, terrain, surface cover, and ocean temperatures. The climate system as a whole is driven primarily by gradients in solar radiation. The resulting temperature gradient creates a pole-ward transfer of energy, via wind and ocean currents, and shapes the global climate (Melodysheep 2012). As per the film, the mechanism works like this: Intense sunlight warms the air above the equator, making the air molecules move faster and causing the air mass to expand. As a result, the air over the equator becomes less dense and exerts less pressure on the air columns that surrounds it. air moves from areas of high to low pressure, the pressure gradient associated with the differential heating of the Earth leads to horizontal movements of air. This air movement, called atmospheric circulation, carries heat energy from the tropics to the poles and is a primary component of global climate (Melodysheep 2012). The film illustrated that atmospheric circulation also helps drive circulation of the oceans. Together the atmospheric circulation and the oceans help determine temperature, precipitation patterns, and wind variability, which make up what we experience as the weather. However, changes in average temperature alter these basic cycles, causing weather patterns to change. Global climate is also determined by the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is the mechanism by which heat energy from the sun is trapped by the Earth’s gaseous atmosphere. Short-wave radiation from the sun is trapped by the Earth’s gaseous atmosphere. Short-wave radiation from the sun easily penetrates the Earth’s atmosphere, warming the planet. Long-wave radiation emitted by the warmed Earth, however, is unable to pass back through the atmosphere. This trapped radiation warms the Earth’s climate, making it roughly 33 o C warmer than it would be without the atmosphere. The presence of certain trace gases in the Earth’s atmosphere produces the greenhouse effect. Molecules of these “greenhouse gases” gain kinetic energy when they absorb long wave radiation. This additional kinetic energy is then passed on to other molecules, inducing a broad heating of the air. Water vapor (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) are the most plentiful greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are present in very small quantities in the atmosphere. The film further illustrated that elemental carbon is a fundamental building block of life on Earth. It is an essential element in all living thing
Hamlet is without a doubt the best theatrical character ever produced. From the moment we encounter the humble prince we are entrapped by his graceful power. He meets the death of his father with rage and indignation yet he shows no emotion for the people that he kills. He uses the frail and naïve Ophelia as an avenue to vent his anger towards the queen, and cannot understand that his own bitter words have made her insane. Hamlet’s character is filled with faults. By closely examining his faults, one is quick to notice that the faults are inborn. Throughout the play, Hamlet seems to carry in him a burden that is too big for him. Despite his attempt at bravery, he is weak willed and unable to make some important decisions. When Hamlet learns in a dream that he is supposed to revenge the death of his father, he promises to do so “with wings as swift as meditation or the thoughts of love, may sweep to my revenge.” To Hamlet, even his life’s dreams and destiny cannot be compared to this new pursuit. Immediately after this discovery, Hamlet is at a loss as to why he has to be the one chosen to exert this revenge. This is the first indication we get that Hamlet has a weakness in his character. Instead of seeking for ways to kill the person who murdered his father, Hamlet begins to wonder why a sane person can commit such an act. To a careful eye, this is something meant to procrastinate his revenge mission. This is something that even Hamlet cannot seem to comprehend. Upon realizing that he is dreading carrying out his mission, he comforts himself by saying that he is no coward. Hamlet postpones this mission further by seeking to verify the words of the ghost. However, the trap that he sets to confirm this soon ‘snaps’ but he still cannot make a meaningful decision. Even though Hamlet learns that his mother was an accomplice in his father’s death, she dissuades him from killing her. Although we might all conclude that Hamlet is overtaken by love for his mother, this is something that does not befit a hero. A true hero should not let emotions come in the way of his assignment. Upon learning of his mother’s role in the death of his father, he knows that he has to punish the perpetrators regardless of their identity. When he gets this opportunity to “drink hot blood, and do such bitter business as the day”, he fails to master the courage needed to achieve this. At this moment, his mind seems to be a battlefield. On one hand, he knows that he has to avenge the death of his father while on the other he has no courage to do it. Hamlet promises to be “cruel, not unnatural and to speak daggers at his mother but act none.” This is a sign of cowardice on Hamlets part. In order to hide his true feelings from his mother, he decides to pretend that he is insane. Immediately after the episode at his mother’s house, another opportunity presents itself for revenge. This time, it is only Hamlet and the king in an enclosed temple where there is no route for escape. Coincidentally, Hamlet goes behind the king and draws his sword