ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Tang dynasty started ruling China from 618 up to 907. Besides establishing stable government emperors, the Tang dynasty promoted religious beliefs among the Chinese people. Among the successful religion was Buddhism where different factors underscore the prosperity of this religion during the Tang Dynasty. First, the Tang Empire established policies that encouraged religious people to assimilate non-religious ones. Secondly, the emperors exempted the Buddhist monks from taxation, which promoted the flourishing of the religion by more people joining the monasteries. Additionally, Empress Wu fought other religions except Buddhism and as citizens moved towards national unity, the success of Buddhism soared. However, when the number of monks increased, emperor Tang Wu Zong destroyed their temples forcing the monks to start laboring and this phenomenon underlines the rapid lasting decline of Buddhism at that time. The leaders of Yuan Dynasty used wars to conquer all the ethnic tribes in China by enforcing the dynasty’s governance; for instance, Emperor Shinzu used military services and possessed all the territories in China. The Yuan leaders used force to combine both Chinese and Mongol ruling system to establish social caste system, which gave the ruling class powers. As a result, the Chinese people possessed the lowest classes. The major strength of the combined system was the ability of the leaders to unite all the ethnic groups and acquisition of efficient military services. However, the rulers promoted corruption and social discrimination, which led to the fall of the Yuan dynasty.
There is no doubt that leadership behaviors play a significant role in creating healthy work environments. On the one hand, this Module’s readings prove this claim. Broome and Marshall (2021) state that influential leaders “use compassionate sensitivity to the human condition” (p. 14). They also explain that empowerment of colleagues, engagement of stakeholders, and support provision are “most important to the transformational leader in clinical practice” (Broome & Marshall, 2021, p. 183). Duggan et al. (2015) admit that managers should provide their staff members with direction and support. On the other hand, two outside sources also support the significance of behaviors under analysis. Backman et al. (2017) stipulate that leadership strategies include experimenting with ideas, relying on subordinates, handling conflicts, and others. Furthermore, healthy work environments are established when managers invest in staff motivation (Sfantou et al., 2017). This information denotes that leaders can affect their subordinates with the help of multiple behaviors. This paragraph will present a situation when a registered nurse (RN) followed the behaviors that have been mentioned in the outside sources above. It refers to a conflict between two nursing assistants, and the RN took specific actions to solve this problem. The healthcare professional met with the two subordinates, made them express their concerns, and took a leading role in settling the dispute. After then, the RN talked to the nursing assistants to ensure that their motivation was at a decent level. One should admit that staff morale increases when they feel that their opinions are respected. Consequently, it is possible to mention that the RN followed specific behaviors to create a healthy work environment. It is so because handling a conflict and increasing staff’s motivation ensured that the nursing assistants did not have barriers that could prevent them from providing adequate care to patients.
The Late Phase of HIV type 1 replication involves the assembly of Gag proteins with the plasma membrane of hematopoietic cells. The binding is enhanced by the matrix domain of Gag. The matrix domain is also involved in cleaving Gag into the matrix, capsid, and nucleoplasm particles. The assembly of Gag proteins and plasma membrane takes place at lipid rafts to form immature virions. However, Phosphotidylinoistol 4,5-biphosphate has been found to carry out the same role played by matrix. Pl(4,5)Pz can trigger myristyl switch. In addition to it enhancing membrane anchoring, it also plays a crucial role in suggesting appropriate ways for Gag to membrane rafts. Pl(4,5)P2 contains two long-chain fatty acids that play the role of promoting micelle formation. Cellular form of Pl(4,5)P2 also contains stearate at position 1 and arachidonate at position 2 of glycerol group. Substoichiometric addition of amounts of Pl(4,5)P2 species in myristoylated MA and myristoylated MA lead to stern broadening in the 1H-14N (HSQC) NMR spectra. It also led to the signals for NH groups to broaden beyond detection (Bhardwaj, 56). Myristyl is very crucial in the replication process of Late phase HIV type 1, however, the mutation process can hamper with myristoylation process leading to inhibition of membrane binding in vitro. This can result in Gag targeting cytoplasm and other intercellular membranes instead of the plasma membrane. Occasionally, Gag molecules are known to assemble and bud from the plasma membrane via indirect routing (Bhardwaj, 81). On the other hand, in primary macrophages budding was found to be occurring in multivesicular bodies. According to the research carried out, localization of Gag molecules in virus assembly depends on Pl(4,5)Pz. Pl(4,5)Pz also plays a significant role in marking membranes of specific cellular proteins. Depletion of Pl(4,5)Pz hampers virus assembly and results in piling of Gag molecules at membranes of late endosomes and MVBs (21). On the other hand, induction of Pl(4,5)Pz filled with endosomes redirects Gag into targeting endosomes or MVBs. Induction also stimulates intravesical budding. The replacement of MA with membrane-binding N end Fyn kinase results in a reduction of virus sensitivity in assembling to Pl(4,5)P2 that results in manipulation. In the study of the structure of di-C4-Pl(4,5)P2:myrMA Complex, it was observed that myrMA was absent. The binding of di-c4-Pl(4,5)P2 was found to be because of the elimination of the myristyl group. Exposure of myristate was found to be induced by an allosteric mechanism. This was shown by the binding that took place between di-c4-Pl(4,5)P2 and myrMA (Bhardwaj, 77). The binding of di-c4-Pl(4,5)P2 and myrMA resulted in structural changes of more. From the structural changes observed on myrMA, it was deduced that myristate exposure was triggered by an allosteric mechanism. In the process, Pl(4,5)P2 binding st
The successful implementation of the proposed project depends on the stakeholders’ ability to be involved and focus on the anticipated short-term and long-term goals. The manager in charge will focus on the best practices to monitor and coordinate operations (Torralbas-Fernández & Calcerrada-Gutiérrez, 2016). The logic model presented below outlines the major aspects, strengths, and barriers that all participants will need to consider to ensure that positive results and recorded, thereby maximizing the experiences of more victims of domestic violence in Memphis, Tennessee. Simplified Logic Model Inputs/Resources                Activities                                 Outputs                                                  Short-term Outcomes                                 Intermediate Outcomes                                                                 Long-term Outcomes                                                          People: Project coordinator.    Structure construction.                    Building is finished successfully.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Overall manager.                Training of human services professionals.  50 beneficiaries are attracted.                          NGO becomes functional in a year.                   Organization starts to operate optimally.                                             NGO continues to serve more victims of abuse for the longest time possible. Human services professionals.   Targeting potential beneficiaries.         Workers and subordinate staff are trained successfully.  Agency attracts the right number of beneficiaries.  New training programs for possible beneficiaries and other members of the community.  NGO streamlines and makes its operational model sustainable.                $400,000 financial assistance.
Demand, in general, determines the way of consumer behavior. Demand does not mean the customers’ desire to have something, it only includes the variables that describe the consumers’ wish together with the ability to purchase (Megiste 2011). In modern society, experts need to analyze the demand for medical care because it helps to identify the factors that are responsible for a person’s consumption of medical services. This kind of analysis is applied to determine the factors that influence the person’s willingness to consume and the individual ability to fulfill this desire. The factors that impact a person’s ability and desire to utilize medical services and care are multiple. Among the most influential individual factors that influence demand are income, education, marital status, healthy child development, culture (Health Economics Information Resources: A Self-Study Course 2013). The changes in people’s levels of income significantly impact the rates of medical services consumption. Increasing income always causes the increase of demand for medical care because the consumer has an ability and willingness to pay more for the services (The Demand for Medical Care. Factors that Determine the Demand for Health Care n. d.). Education influences the demand because health literacy depends directly on the level of a person’s education about the health risks they are exposed to. Married people have lower demand for medical care because in case of a sickness a spouse can take care of them. Child development is a very important factor that determines a person’s state of health in adult life, according to the upstream approach, and general quality of health is a determinant that makes people consume more or less medical services. Finally, various cultural groups of people are known to share the same lifestyle and diseases. For example, the female population of Hispanic people living in the USA and Canada has a high risk of getting HPV, besides their level of health literacy and low English proficiency negatively affect their demand for medical care they require (Kobetz et al. 2010). The situation with the population of Hispanics and the high rates of risks of cervical cancer due to the spreading of HPV presents an example of a case when the consumers have incomplete information about the productivity of health care and their health status. The researchers noted that the awareness and knowledge about HPV are very low among the population of Hispanic men and women living in the United States and Canada. The patients and people that are potentially exposed to the virus are not educated about the dangers this sickness brings, its direct connection with the development of cervical cancer, and various ways of treatment or prevention that are available today due to the development of medical care services. The principal role in this situation falls on the state Ministry of Health which is responsible for the health care policies and approaches towards this particular ethnic group and fulfilling its needs. The social group needs education and know
This assignment explores the drivers of market revolution in the first half of the 19 th century. The period of the Market Revolution was marked between 1793 and 1909 in the US. The major changes were related to labor. Improvements in the production of goods through changes in forms of labor were the first notable drivers of the Market Revolution. These changes rendered the traditional model of commerce archaic as new forms of communication and transportation emerged. The notable changes reinvented the idea of commercialism. The growth of industries also facilitated the Market Revolution. The Industrial Revolution created stronger economies in North America. They wanted to promote free labor markets and spread their influences to other cities. On this note, the government of the time focused on the development of infrastructure to promote mobility of people and goods. Consequently, there were notable construction of roads, waterways, wide canal systems to support navigation of large ships and later the construction of long railroads throughout the nation (Carnes and Garraty 3-25). After the 1812 War, the nation changed its economic model. The American economy, for instance, was transformed from import dependent to a more internal-based driven by commerce and manufacturing. That is, the US focused on domestic production rather than relying on imports from Europe (Sellers 74). The leadership changed during the Market Revolution era. James Monroe became the President in 1817 and focused on promoting the Republicans’ policies of economic growth. The change in administration brought about a new generation of leaders with clear vision on government involvements in developments and creation of large-scale local production systems. The new leadership promoted the Market Revolution. Notwithstanding these developments, the Market Revolution experienced some challenges. For instance, cheap labor from slaves faced resistance, the relations with native Indians resulted in conflicts, squalor in some urban areas and activities of speculators challenged the revolution. There was massive acquisition of land and notable population growth. The demand for statehood by some of the regions projected the tough question about slavery. During this period, a financial crisis also took place in the nation. As a result, some forms of regional specialization emerged by 1820s. For instance, in the s
Introduction During the course of managerial economics, we have learned to understand the choices that leaders and managers of organizations make in terms of economy. In this paper, I want to focus on two topics we have discussed in class. Those are the five forces model and the so-called principal-agent problem. For a better understanding of the concepts and showing how those can be applied in the real world, two news articles will be discussed in the essay. Porter’s Five Forces and Profitability Key Points of the Topic The five forces framework is aimed to analyze the level of competition within a particular industry in order to draw conclusions about the profitability of this industry and, consequently, the profitability of organizations that operate in it. Although the model analyzes the industry as a whole rather than some organization, it is still very useful for particular companies, both new entrants and already existing ones. The framework was firstly introduced by Michael Porter in his book Competitive Strategy . Five forces he talks about are the entry, the power of input suppliers, the power of buyers, industry rivalry, and substitutes and complements. A Brief Summary of the Article: eBay Through The Lens Of Porter’s Five Forces The article published on the Forbes site tells about the current position of eBay within the global e-commerce market. A multinational corporation enjoys worldwide popularity, and even though now it is “facing headwinds”, its success is changeless (Trefis Team par. 1). Moreover, the organization continues to expand, which is why its revenue increases. In the previous year, eBay’s net total payment volume increased by more than 30 percent during only nine months. Nevertheless, the analysis of the industry in which eBay operates according to the five forces model shows that the corporation has many obstacles to overcome. According to the evaluation, the primary risks for eBay are the industry rivalry, new entrants, and the power of buyers. Thus, three Porter’s forces out of five pose a threat to the organization’s success and profitability. The results of the five forces model application are presented in the table below. Porter’s Five Forces
Becker, J. C., Kraus, M. W., & Rheinschmidt-Same, M. (2017). Cultural expressions of social class and their implications for group-related beliefs and behaviors. Journal of Social Issues, 73(1), 158-174. With the Great Recession, the increasing inequality amplified social-class inequalities amongst individuals in the social order. This study examines how the variations in social class define the inimitable forms of cultural expression and how cultural expressions encourage in-group philosophies. Two studies were conducted to answer the research question. The first study included a sample size of 113 individuals and confirmed that cultural expressions of social class on virtual platforms indicate the social class of targets. This means that the traditional doings of people observed in uploaded Facebook images suggest that people portray their social class in a way that can be observed by strangers that are beyond coincidental security. In the second study, there is evidence that people express their in-group space grounded on social class. As a final point, this study offers evidence that suggests that cultural expression derived from social class has the power to create and establish social boundaries within people. Lower social classes showed the inclination to remain politically inactive. The suggestions of results to theory and practices are that: psychological reactions are linked to social class. Conceição, S. C., Samuel, A., & Yelich Biniecki, S. M. (2017). Using concept mapping as a tool for conducting research: An analysis of three approaches. Cogent Social Sciences, 3(1), 1-18. Researchers in different disciplines practice creative methods to study areas of investigation. Thus, the literature review studies the use of concept maps as a research instrument. The study also includes an all-encompassing definition of “concept mapping.” The study employed three key methodologies to research the use of concept maps. These leading methods include cluster, relational, and word frequency. The approaches are useful in that they are used in various stages of the research process, like data analysis, gathering, and presentation. Each of the three approaches discussed some of the strengths and weaknesses that researchers have to take into consideration. Davies, M. (2011). Concept mapping, mind mapping and argument mapping: What are the differences and do they matter?. Higher Education, 62(3), 279-301. In current years, educators and scholars have employed use of software mapping tools for educational purposes. The tools are to impact analytical and critical skills to scholars, thus enabling them to see the association between concepts and the alternative assessment methods. This paper provides a framework of the various tools, together with their benefits and drawbacks. The main argument is that the choice of mapping is dependent on the purpose or objective for which the tools are used. The only limitation is that the tools may be converging to offer instructors and scholars unrealistic and complementary functions. Destin, M., Rheinschmidt-Same, M., & Richeson, J. A. (2017). Status-based identity: A conceptual approach integrating the social p
Introduction The aim of the research is to understand how staff turnover can be reduced in the face-to-face marketing business and why new employees leave the company early. Employees’ motivation is considered one of the main influences on their job performance (Lazaroiu 99). The target of the research (Appco Group) experiences high turnover rates but the causes of this issue remain unclear, and the problem is not addressed adequately. The unregulated position of employees, their neglected needs, unacceptable behaviour of supervisors can be the causes of high turnover rates. Summary of Progress Several important milestones were achieved. I was able to contact two employees from the company to interview them using the prepared questionnaire. The interviews provided me with an in-depth inquiry into the company’s current issues with employees and human resource management. The interviews also helped me understand what weaknesses my questionnaires had (e.g. unclear questions, non-relevance to the subject, etc.). I rewrote some of them to ensure that they could become more relevant to the research objectives and questions. I decided to use structured interviews as a basis for my research inquiry, but I ensured that interviewees were able to express their opinion even if it seemed off-topic at first. This was done to understand what thoughts and associations their work at Appco Group evokes and whether they can be regarded as factors that influence motivation and the intention to leave of other employees. According to Federici and Skaalvik, self-efficacy of employees relates positively to job satisfaction and negatively to burnout (296). Issues and Challenges Faced One of the main challenges that negatively influenced my research project was employees’ unwillingness or inability to take part in the interview. Despite the scheduled interviews, one of the employees at Appco Group did not attend it without any prior warning. I believe that such behaviour can also mirror organizational culture, although it can be explained by personal circumstances as well (Bello 229). The next issue was the high turnover rate. While I prepared questionnaires for completion, some of the Appco employees left the company, thus directly affecting my ability to collect insights and information. I had to reschedule some of the appointments due to canceled interviews, which adversely influenced my project schedule. Nevertheless, I aim to adj