ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many research works have been carried out on armed robbers who have already transformed from their law breaking activities. Researchers are often reluctant to carry out their research work in the prisons. The reason behind this has been explained by Richard Wright and Scott Decker in their book, “ Armed Robbers in Action Stickups and Street Culture” . They attribute this to the fact that most people engage in criminal activities due to the temptations in the streets and the pressures from life’s challenges (Richard and Decker 4). Such pressures, for example financial constraints do not exist in the prison. In addition to that, prisoners always hope that their cases would be reevaluated and their jail terms reduced. Exposing their past criminal experiences would reduce any chance of their jail terms being reduced (Macdonald 77). In the prisons, it is difficult to get enough people to confess their criminal activities. Reports have shown that most of the armed robbers are young, black and poor men. As explained by Richard and Decker, young blacks often lack job opportunities as compared to young white people. This can be attributed to the fact that the young blacks often lack proper skills and educations to enable them compete for more lucrative job opportunities. However, the young blacks have to pay bills and finance daily activities in life. Thus, engaging in criminal activities such as armed robbery becomes a quick means to earn cash. They the need for cash can be viewed by many as the primary reason for a person to engage in criminal activities. Armed robbers spend the money they get only to satisfy their daily need for cash but not to improve their future lives. They also engage in law breaking activities when their cash reserves are very low (Richard and Decker 35). Another reason why armed robbers engage in their criminal activities as outlined in Richard and Scott’s book is to finance their extravagant lifestyles. Most criminals party excessively. They spend a lot of money to engage in activities like gambling, excessive drinking, prostitution and drug abuse.Engaging in criminal activities make someone to be feared and rejected by the community. It also makes someone feel guilty. Excessive partying reduces the time one spends in thinking about his or her mysteries (Richard and Decker 37).
The Revolt of “Mother” by Mary E. Wilkins tells the story of a woman who defies tradition and rebels against her husband. The protagonist Sarah Penn decides to take action and provide a new house for her family after waiting for forty years for her husband to do so without success. She does this by moving her family into the new barn her husband had made for his cows and a new horse. When he returns home and finds his family in the new barn, he complies and agrees to make it a proper house. The author of the story, Mary E.Wilkins lived during a time in history when patriarchy was so strong and the women submitted to their domineering husbands silently. The author seems to have been highlighting the struggles of women in a male dominated society. Through her works, she shows that women could overcome the dominance if only they took decisive action. Thus, Wilkinson and the female protagonists in her stories fight against patriarchy. For instance, Elrod (1997) urges that Wilkinson’s story reveal the odds that women had to contend with in New England’s religion and the possibilities of emancipation. The women being patient bring about the possibility of freedom and Sarah Penn had to wait for forty years before she got a new house (Tritt, 2004). The woman in her story goes against the tradition of the time and triumphs by challenging it and gaining a new self-identity. Thus, Wilkins was a domestic writer who was willing to critic the tradition in her society that clearly oppressed the women. Wilkins lived in an era, which considered religion very important. She underwent many teachings in religion and thus she uses her knowledge of religion to speak to her audience using biblical illusions. In the story, Sara Penn alludes to the biblical Sara, the wife of Abraham. Sara was a woman to reckon with because she spoke her mind out to her husband for instance telling him to lie with her maid Hagai to bear him a son, as she was barren at that time. Later she tells him to send Hagai and her son away after God and been merciful to her and she gave birth to Isaac. These actions changed the lives of the next generations just as Sarah Penn’s did. Sarah Penn changed her family’s living conditions as well as her son’s view of women. For example when Adoniram her husband returned from his trip, his son Sammy tells him that they had moved into the barn to live there. His attitude seems to have changed from the Sammy we met earlier who was so similar to his father that he could not tell his mother or sister about the plan to build a new barn yet he had known for three months. Therefore, through Sarah Penn, Wilkins shows us a woman who confronts male dominance head on and through an unorthodox behavior and achieves independence (Westbrook, 1988). The author uses this story to address the issue of women oppression that was rife at her time (Brand, 1977). The men oppressed the women by silencing them or failing to communicate with them like Adoniram did with his
Abstract The increasing innovation in the field of tourism has had a major impact on the industry. The world is increasingly becoming globalized and stakeholders in the tour and travel sector are forced to embrace the emerging technologies to achieve sustainability in their operations. In this paper, the researcher wanted to determine the impact of increasing innovations on the tour and travel industry. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources: primary data was collected from participants who were sampled to take part in the study; secondary data was collected from books, journal articles, and other relevant data sources. The primary data were analyzed using both descriptive and mathematical methods. The findings of the study concluded that although some stakeholders still fear change, innovation has had a positive impact overall on the tour and travel industry. Introduction The United Arab Emirates’ economy is increasingly becoming diversified as the government tries to reduce overreliance on oil and gas. According to Weeden (2016), one of the specific areas of the economy that has achieved massive growth over the recent past is tourism. The government has made significant investments to improve infrastructure and to create amenities to attract tourists from all over the world. Currently, the city of Dubai is one of the top global tourists’ destinations because of these developments. Dubai is home to the tallest building on earth, Burj Kkalifa, as well as the largest man-made island, Palm Island. Both these creations have contributed to making Dubai one of the preferred cities for tourists in the modern era. The trend that has been witnessed in this city, and various parts of the UAE, is driven by creativity and innovation. The government has invested heavily in emerging technologies to transform tourism in the country. It is through this creativity and innovation that both Palm Island and Burj Khalifa was created. According to Morpeth and Hongliang (2015), other innovative structures also make Dubai a desirable city for tourists. Its roads and rail systems were designed and developed in very innovative ways, moving within the city reliable, time-efficient, and cheap. Tourism is currently one of the biggest pillars of the economy of the United Arab Emirates. Increasing innovation is redefining the tour and travel industry and stakeholders in this industry are constantly coming up with new products that they can offer to both local and in
Introduction Shakespeare’s plays have inspired many outstanding writers, who have produced numerous fantastic works. One of such works is Shakespeare’s Universality: Here’s Fine Revolution by Kiernan Ryan. The author claims that Shakespeare’s plays can be interpreted from the egalitarian standpoint, i.e. such promoting the recognition of fundamental human equality from birth to death. However, he views Timon of Athens is best fitting for understanding the Shakespearean vision of his time and reality, which, in fact, was prophetic. Nevertheless, this essay will try to persuade you that it is The Tempest that best expresses “an egalitarian standpoint that is still in advance of our time” (Ryan 32). The essay will set the scene for investigating the primary themes raised by Shakespeare in The Tempest. Its primary idea is to prove that it is the theme of judging colonialism that can be deployed for understanding egalitarianism. Moreover, additional attention will be paid to the relationships between parents and children and emotions as the essential condition of humanity in order to highlight that all people, in fact, are the same. That said, the paper will pay specific attention to political, social, and spiritual egalitarianism and draw the connection with Shakespeare’s play. Finally, this essay will try to persuade that the startling uniqueness of mind highlighted in the struggle to find the balance between “utopian possibility and dystopian reality” (Ryan 61) is what made it possible to render the uncertainties of our world in The Tempest and turned the play into a prognostic masterpiece. Even though it is one of the strangest plays written by Shakespeare, it is still relevant and up-to-the-minute. “ Your tale, sir, would cure deafness” (Shakespeare 13) Reading Shakespeare is always a special experience because we do not see a separately taken person put in his or her time and environment. Instead, we see the unique condition of common humanity, which can be as well interpreted in the spiritual sphere, the field of emotions, which highlights that people are all the same (Mousley 173). They have the same fears. They feel the same emotions. They go down the same path of change and development throughout their lives. These things never alter. The only condition that changes is the picture on the background and the day on the calendar. Nowadays, egalitarianism, the promotion of fundamental equality of people without regard to race, gender or religion, is a popular trend. Its traces can be seen everywhere because the society operates under constantly drawing the lines between equalities and inequalities (Bristol 56). The states’ policies and the news headings are clamoring about equal rights. However, reality is always different from what is written on the paper. Here is when we might want to recall Shakespeare and his The Tempest, a beautiful combination of mystical knowledge, the origins of colonization, and the principles of social justice and freedom. The justification for mentioning it is that the work represents the foundations of egalitarianis
Introduction It should be noted that food insecurity is one of the most pressing issues faced by the contemporary world. Such organizations as the World Health Organization or United Nations make efforts to address this problem by distributing food to those areas where people have poor access to it. It is crucial to stress that the core of the issue lies not in the amounts of goods available to nations but in the way food is distributed across different regions of the world. The purpose of this whitepaper is to discuss the topic of food insecurity in the world and Kenya in particular and propose potential technological solutions to the problem. Food Insecurity and Population Growth Food insecurity is the condition under which people experience physical inaccessibility to food. Food should be made available on the territory of the country in the necessary amount, and its supply should be uninterrupted (Yen, 1, p. 2). The achievement of this condition is ensured by state control over external and internal supplies. Another aspect of food insecurity is the inaccessibility of food. Every resident of Kenya, regardless of their age and social or economic background, should have an adequate level of income to purchase a minimum set of foods. Meeting this requirement is provided both by maintaining a sufficient level of income of the population and by monitoring the price levels for goods. Another factor is the insecurity of goods and products in which the quality of food does not meet the established requirements. During food intake, a person should receive the entire complex of substances necessary for the adequate development of the body, and they should be offered only those products that are safe. Population growth plays a major role in increasing food insecurity. The population grows rapidly, which inevitably increases pressure on global food supplies. The government and respective bodies face the challenge of distributing food to people across different regions (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2, p. 73). Moreover, when the population grows fast, its nutritional needs increase dramatically, and the government needs to implement initiatives that would allow distributing food more effectively. Therefore, the core of the issue lies in the fact that population growth and food insecurity are linked directly, and the problem is associated with the need to make food available to people. The flow of Food in Kenya Kenya is a country where several important factors interrupt the flow of food. First, poor infrastructure is a fundamental aspect due to which different population groups experience food insecurity (Hoffmann, 3, p. 36). In some parts of the country, the roads are in bad condition, and it is difficult to transport food to people. Some areas of the country are almost unreachable due to potholes. This issue particularly affects goods that
Introduction to Tourism in Mauritius Tourism is regarded as one of the most important foreign exchange earners in Mauritius. The IMF (2012) reports that tourism is slightly over 8 percent of the country’s GDP, making it an important aspect of the island’s economy. The growth in the tourism sector over the past 3 decades has contributed to the overall growth of the Mauritian economy. The IMF (2012) reveals that tourism has served as a large engine of job creation in the country. The performance of Mauritius’s tourism sector has been impressive with the country experiencing a remarkable increase from having some 18,000 visitors a year in 1970 to some 400,000 visitors in 1994 and an impressive 960,000 visitors to the island in 2012. The tourism sector in Mauritius is largely homegrown. There are a number of major luxury hotel chains owned and operated by Mauritian entrepreneurs. In addition to this, the Mauritius business community has reinvested part of the proceeds from the sector into the Mauritius economy thereby fostering the country’s economy. Profile of Mauritian Tourists Mauritius is marketed as a high-class destination and targeted at up-market tourists. As an expensive tourist destination, the island is out of reach for the standard tourist. Bulcke and Verbeke (2009) reveal that the inflated airfares are an important factor in making the destination inaccessible. Graham and Forsyth (2012) observe that more than 90% of the total number of visitors to Mauritius go to the country for leisure purposes. The national carrier, Air Mauritius, enjoys almost a monopoly as the main passenger carrier to the island. A key attribute of the airline is that it charges high prices, which help to uphold the high-class destination image that the island has and continues to project. The limited competition faced by Air Mauritius allows the airline to implement price discrimination based on nationality and the origin of the travel. This discrimination ensures that foreigners are charged significantly more than the Mauritius residents are. Since chartered flights are not allowed into the country, reaching Mauritius at a favourable rate proves to be impossible for many. European high-spenders make up the vast majority of Mauritius’ foreign tourists. The largest number of tourists to Mauritius is from France and the French island of Reunion located in the Indian Ocean. These two countries combined account for about 41% of the total number of foreign tourists visiting the country annually. The popularity of Mauritius among the French travellers can be attributed to the island’s long history with France. The island was held as a F
Introduction The art and science of hiring employees for diversity requires a perfect balance into the interplay between professional issues, job demands, and the diversity paradigms, policies, and initiatives as set out by the organization. In equal measure, it is now known that to remain competitive in today’s ever changing and continuously more complex global business environment, it is important for all stakeholders involved to make a conscious effort towards attracting, hiring, and retaining highly qualified employees from diverse backgrounds, who will have the necessary strength, independence, and innovativeness to enable organizations scale new heights as they consolidate the gains made so far (Arthur, 1998). Analysis & Summary The introductory remarks, in my view, inform the decision to hire the second applicant – a recently divorced professional woman with no family attachments at the moment. The vacant position that necessitated the interviewing of the four applicants should be guided, in principle, by four critical points, namely: high professional qualifications; need to implement diversity initiatives; independence of movement by virtue of its global outreach, and; a penchant for results. It therefore follows that applicants with school-going children and other binding family commitments, though qualified to the wire, may find the position unrewarding since it involves a lot of travelling at a global level. Such a job orientation, in my view, will definitely affect their productivity and morale, implying that the organization will be unable to achieve its growth targets – both short-term and long-term. In summary, the decision to hire the professional woman divorcee for this plum position is informed by two critical factors – preservation of diversity initiatives as underlined in the organization’s policies and the need to have an independent person fill
Being an affiliate of one religion or worldview instead of another is, in most cases, a matter of the case of the person’s birth, their cultural and societal background, or the family from which the person comes from. Additionally, the particular attitudes that the person has with regards to the religion that they belong to are continuously but gradually absorbed into their mental psyche, becoming a part of the person as the particular languages that they speak as well as the particular tastes that they may harbor- something with which they eternally have a feeling of “home” and towards which they always have some form of deep affection and loyalty. Furthermore, oftentimes, these people might want to extend the manner in which they believe in their religion towards their normal life, committing their religion and world views towards the embracement of their life and ideas of “righteous” living. For most of these religious people, friendship and marriage are a necessity for normal living, with love being the cornerstone of the religious family. Religion is thus the highest form of human friendship, acting as a means of setting the goals and challenges as well as being the perfect candidate for human beings to practice their relationships with one another and the particular deity to which they pray (Wolfe et al. 87). Family and children are stressed as being very important to these marriages, with the pattern of responsibility of the various family members being different from one religion to the other. Before the advent of the theories of “safe sex” for most religions, most of the more traditional beliefs frown on the occurrence of sex before marriage, often having stern and severe consequences towards the woman, in terms of her damaged reputation, financial security, and emotional stability (Wolfe et al. 47). Sex for most of these religions is used for procreation and bringing couples together rather than today’s means of enjoyment and physical pleasure. Though seen as a means of acquiring skills and a means of getting jobs and financial security, education to most of these religions is just a means of passing knowledge fr
Introduction With the growing global population and demand for food, negative impacts on the environment and people’s health become evident. The scientific research tries to study various links between food consumption, healthy lifestyles and climate change (Sanchez-Sabate and Sabaté, 2019). Both the responses of consumers and manufacturers’ approaches to production are constantly changing. Among the vivid examples, one may mention the lower red meat eating after the studies confirming that it promotes cancer, heart diseases and diabetes (Verbeke, Sans and Van Loo, 2015). On the one hand, many consumers are more likely to avoid meat or significantly limit its consumption, understanding that their decisions impact not only their health but also the environment. On the other hand, people remain reluctant to changing their eating patterns, which is caused by several reasons, such as unawareness, a lack of availability and cultural issues. The statistics show that agriculture and unconscious food consumption make an imprint on the land, water, species and air. O’Keefe et al. (2016) state that “the average British adult consuming 79.1 kg of meat” annually, according to the 2012 National Diet and Nutrition Survey (p. 413). In comparison, the global meat consumption is estimated at 38 kg per person every year, which means a dramatic influence on the environment. For example, Scherhaufer et al. (2018) report that food waste is attributed to 15-16% of environmental pollution in Europe. More than 88 tonnes of food waste is produced, while agriculture uses 70% of freshwater (Figure 1). More to the point, agriculture produces 78% of waterways pollution, and the number of crop yields increased significantly, which threatens 24,000 species (Ritchie and Roser, 2020). Transportation of food is another concern that not only ensures export and import but also pollutes the air. For instance, the shipment of one kg avocados from Mexico to the UK generates 0.21kg CO2eq in transport emissions (Ritchie and Roser, 2020). Nevertheless, this amount of emissions is much lesser compared to the production of animal foods. Figure 1. Environmental impacts of food and agriculture The urgent need for accommodating contemporary food consumption patterns is recognised by global organisations. The UN Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 declares that the target set for 2030 is to halve the extent of food waste by focusing on avoidable waste (Scherhaufer et al. , 2018). According to the Climate Change Act, to decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050, it is critical to reduce the current rate of food consumption (O’Keefe et al. , 2016). While this agenda is clearly stated across the countries, the perceptions of consumers seem to be resistant to eating healthy and contributing to environmental sustainability. Raphaely (2015) states that the advances in agriculture created a threat to the environment, and it is important to study this situation in an in-depth manner. The reduction of m