ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Scientific innovations and inventions in technology and transport networks has facilitated the growth of international trade; companies’ engaging in international trade benefit from an increased goods and services market but also suffer an increased competition from domestic and international players. Countries and companies trade the through economic policies of absolute and comparative advantage (Hitt, Hoskisson & Ireland, 2003). This paper discusses some of the most important requirements for organizational success in the global business environment. Effective management and leadership Leaders have their major role as designing an effective long-term strategy for their organizations; they are also the think tanks and offers solution to day-to-day issues affecting an organization. When trading in the international arenas, the business environments keeps changing and new ways of doing business keeps emerging. With good leadership, the company will be able to make responsive decisions and initiate competitiveness in then. In times of change, a leader is supposed to pioneer a company to the desired destination, he/she is required to be on the forefront and build confidences and trust from his juniors. By this, he is playing the role of being a captivator and enterprise guardian. A leader has the role of being a strategist, it is through the policies and decision that a leader makes that makes a certain business successful (Richard, 2006). Strong marketing and research teams Advertising and marketing are strategic ways through which an organization creates a market for its good and expand it with time; they are the methods that they communicate to their target market segment about the existence of a certain product in the market. When a product has been introduced to the market, then it follows that there must be ways that the target market segment have to be made aware. When marketing in the international arena, marketers need not only to have basic marketing skills but should also understand some international marketing skills that are not static. To remain in the leadership, managers need to have a robust marketing department that will advise them on the right product, processes and approaches to marketing they should adopt. When doing so, then the company will rejuvenate regularly and remain competitive in the international arenas. Strong international supply and logistics strategy Supply’s and Logistic management is an important strategic management tool where a company ensure that good, services and information is supplied at the right place in the right time; other than materials, the company need to ensure that its final products get to the intended destination when needed. It involves ensuring that good undergo the necessary processes before they are put in use, and no one time that there will be a short fall in supply. Whe
Creating a first impression is a very significant part of life. However, first impression is more automatic and tends to take place without our conscious understanding. This is due to the fact that non-verbal communication and forms of body language form an integral part of detecting first impression. Therefore in order to give a positive first impression one has to examine the non-verbal communication more than the spoken words. This is due to the fact that when making a first impression most of the attention goes to the unconscious communication. As a result people tend to focus more on how you act more than what you say. This is due to the fact that it is very easy to manipulate what you say than what comes out of your non-verbal communication. At the same time, nonverbal communication cannot be manipulated due to a number of reasons. First is the fact that nonverbal communication is part of the unconscious behavior. This kind of behavior represents the true character of a person even beyond his own understanding. Therefore it is possible that what you think you are is contrary to what you really are. The best way to make positive first impression is to understand the inherent person in you. This involves having a clear understanding of who you are. From this point you can try to bring about positive change a bout yourself. This involves strengthening your weaknesses and overcoming the bad habits. This is a difficult task but it is the only sure way of changing first impressions. Non-verbal communication and body language cannot be manipulated. At the same time they cannot be ignored or hidden. Yet these are the most relevant aspects as far as first impression is concerned. Use of Deception The use of deception cannot be totally banned due to a number of reasons. Fist and foremost, deception is an integral part of social psychology experiments. As a result, the ban of deception will be a big blow to the field of social psychology. Deception therefore plays a crucial role in the process of experiments. In fact deception as a concept is not a major problem to the field of social psychology. The major point of contention is the level and manner in which deception is carried out. In essence the solution to the whole problem is finding a way of mitigating the negative effects of deception. When done in an organized manner deception serves a good purpose. This is due to the fact that without deception the subjects of experiments may not conduct themselves in a natural manner. As such, the effectiveness of the experiments will be affected to a great extend.
Business is one of the most popular enterprises practiced by people in the world. The reason for this is because of the conducive environment given to people practicing these enterprises. It is believed that setting up a business does not require many facilities and no minimum amount is required to start it. It is also believed that no qualification is required in setting up a business. All these among others have caused the growth of businesses in many places across the world. (Biz/ed, n.d.) Due to the growth of businesses without qualifications, many challenges have caused businesses to fail. Researchers show that most businesses that are set up do not last for more than five years. For businesses to run well, there is a need to discern the reasons that cause a business to fail. Some strong factors are known to cause businesses to fail. One of these is poor business planning. If a business is started without proper planning, there is a high chance for it to fail. For any business to remain strong, proper planning should be adhered to at its initial stages. There is also the need for experts to provide insight on how to set up businesses in a way that will enable them to remain running. Since poor planning wrecks a business, it is important to ensure that great care is applied in business planning. (Loveureyes, 2009) Another cause of business failure is management deficiency. It is said that when supervision falls short, a business has a high chance of failing. Management is important in a business that needs a sensible supervision system. When the management is poor, it is hard for the business to grow successfully. Another problem that has been a leading contributor to business failure is fixed budgets. When a budget is tight, the business will have a high chance of running short of money. As an effect, this causes a business to fail. (Zopounidis,& Dimitras,1998,p.125) Erroneous location is also another cause of failures in business. It is said that if the business is located in places where there are n
History Established in 1902 under Goodfellow Dry Goods name. Targets Corporation is the leading American retailer that operates a network of large stores across the United States. The enterprise was founded by George Draper Dayton and opened its first retail store in 1962 under Target brand name. Few years later it expanded the operation and established collaboration with several other retailers to create a huge network. The company gained huge success with the total revenue reaching $1 billion by the end of 1970’s. It resulted in diversification of state’s economy “with such commercial giants as Target and the St. Paul Companies” (Risjord 51). The corporation. Those were good times for the brand with the first Target Greatland store opened in Minnesota. The main idea as to offer a wider array of products in comparison with company’s conventional store. Such approach resulted in the grand opening of SuperTarget featuring many additional facilities including dining zones, photo studio and more. Industry Targets Corporation deals with many exclusive fields. It establishes collaboration with leading brands in all possible niches. They include popular international wear labels such as Converse and Fiorucci. The company cooperates with world’s famous designers, architects, IT companies and more. The first designer line was released in 1999. It included items related to housewares and decoration. The company was the first to sing some big names of the fashion and design world. The main rivals including such huge networks as Walmart later followed that example. The idea was to create an exclusive product line and gain a reputation for all Target stores. However, there still were some mistakes. “In 2002, The Target Corporation discovered it was selling caps and clothing marked with Fascist symbol 88” (Fischer 109). The entire collection was immediately removed from stores. The company deals with several popular food networks highlighting some famous chefs and food & drink vendors. Moreover, DVDs, iPods and other branded goods can be found on the shelves of network’s stores. Key Competitors Target Corporation has to meet rather tough competition in the face of its main rivals. Walmart is among the main competitors in the US trading arena. The company seems to take the challenge. It has already implemented various successful marketing strategies. However, the key to success is the fact all target stores are different from their rivals. The strategy of differentiating corporation’s stores appeared to be rather thoughtful. All parts of the huge network are trend-oriented. The idea is to sell high-quality goods at the most affordable price. The company proved to be an innovator in the trading field when traditional selling concept was out of the question. Marketing analysis depicts that Target attracts more young buyers in comparison with Walmart customers. The average age of all corporation’s customers is 41. It is the youngest age among all retailers operating in the US market. In 2015, the corporation has stores in more than 1 000 locations across the country. The year 2013 has c
Love is a complex term that has numerous definitions owing to its great variety of meanings and uses as well as the intricacy of the associated feelings. The concept of love thus has many definitions. To mention three definitions, love may be defined as general pleasure. On the other hand, the concept may refer to stronger personal attraction. In its abstract sense, love normally implies strong, indescribable sentiments of affectionately caring for someone else. A close examination of the aforementioned three definitions discloses that love is always characterized by pleasure. In effect, love, kin all its definitions, has the aspect of pleasure whereby the loving party senses happiness regarding the object of their love. To begin with, regarding its meaning of general pleasure, love is a broad concept that denotes joy. In this regard, the concept of love may be employed in relation both inanimate and animate entities. People’s reactions, feelings, and vies of the entities thus makes them (the people) have a sense of happiness. As an illustration, a diner may reflectively and happily remark that they loved, say, a meal that they had before. Through this statement, the speaker demonstrates that the said meal brought them joy and happiness. Regarding my personal life, I can recall several incidences in which a pizza I ate invoked a sense of joy in me a due to its excellent taste. Love in this case thus indicates general happiness. In addition, love may imply a strong personal attraction that one has towards either an inanimate or animate entity. This kind of attraction is thus related to one’s emotional state. For example, a young person may experience this kind of attraction towards the object of their love to an extent that the loving party finds it hard to function normally. One may even lose their appetite because of their intense attraction to some other entity. I once had this kind of feeling whereby I could not study properly due to the intensity of the love that I had for a certain lady. I thus recorded failing grades in one term of my studies. Love in this case thus denotes a debilitating emotional attraction that makes the loving party very vulnerable and which gives them pleasure. Thirdly, love may suggest deep sense of tender care for someone else other than the loving party. This kind of feeling is somewhat related to logic because it strives to benefit both the lover and the loved. The mind if the loving party is thus incorporated into this mental and emotional feeling. By knowing that they tend to the needs of the object of their love, the loving party thus assumes a happy disposition. In conclusion, though love is a complex concept to define, it has the universal characteristic of happiness. The loving party derives pleasure by exhibiting love to various adored entities. For example, by be wing emotionally attached to their love object, persons feel happy. Moreover, loving parties sense general pleasure when they show tender care for their love objects.
Trade is an important aspect of any economy. With the advent of globalisation, many countries have established trade relations with their international partners. Such relations have been found to increase the stakeholders’ profitability based on the diverse products and services they have been able to share. Although conflicts between different countries have barred them from forming trade ties, it is crucial to note, as the paper presents, that formulation of trade policies can help much in minimising conflicts among nations. The European Union (EU) and the United States in particular are two blocs that have significant trade relations. According to Pollack, the EU accounted for approximately 23% of the merchandise trade in goods and services in the year 2009 (2010, p. 78). This relationship extends further in the direct investments between the two blocs, with each having companies investing in the other’s territory. As Pollack observes, “European companies accounted for $1.5trillion, or 63%, of total foreign direct investment in the United States…its companies accounted for $1.7 trillion, or about 50%, of total foreign investment in Europe in 2009” (2010, p. 78). This revelation also means that the companies from both sides of the Atlantic employ millions of workers in the respective countries through their relevant subsidiary companies. The investment connection between the two is also considered the biggest around the globe. Because of the sheer size, it is also of significant importance in the global economy (Pollack 2010, p. 79). Due to the above listed characteristic of the transatlantic economy that is created by the trade between the two, it is important to assess the role played in the global economy and the nature of trade relations. Some of the important factors that will be discussed include the potential impacts of the free trade agreement that is likely to arise between the two trade part
Comparative politics reflects cognizant comparisons in assessment of political practices, institutions, behavior, and processes of systems of a government in a more thorough way. Additionally, it also focuses on other agencies, organizations, and individuals outside governments, but have the capacity to influence the formal governmental organs. In this case, collective action sets in since such bodies use it to seek significant socioeconomic or political changes to the status quo (Orvis and Drogus 355). The purpose of this essay is to address the problems of collective action in comparative politics. According to the theorist, Elinor Ostrom, the concept of collective action is the main subject of political science and its problem is deeply rooted in a social dilemma equated to the game theory terms of a prisoner’s dilemma (Boix and Stokes 186). A social dilemma is a situation in which a person must select an option from an interdependent manner. That is, individuals may opt to choose an option with optimal short-term benefits, which definitely yields less than the socially maximized results. In this sense, even rational individuals who seek optimal gains are most likely not to cooperate even if it was the right strategy and in their best interest to do so. Ostrom asks how people in social dilemmas can avoid that challenge of collective action and maximize outcomes (Boix and Stokes 187). It is imperative to understand aspects of structural conditions, such as various actors, expected benefits, sim
Synopsis of the Case In 2005 Wilfred Livingston became the president of Crosby Manufacturing. During that time, the company’s revenue from the manufacturing of electronic components was $250 million per year (Kerzner, 2009, p.494). But Livingston was not satisfied. He believed that he could increase the profitability of the company by securing large government contracts. He reorganized the company and turned it into a modified matrix structure. Livingston also initiated a project to update their current MCCS reporting procedures. An advanced model requires the design, development, and implementation of a much improved and computerized MCCS. Livingston decided to appoint Tim Emary, a skilled planner, to head the project. Livingston’s decision to make Emery project manager can be unproductive for the company. Appointment of Emary as Project Manager It was an ill-advised decision, to appointment Tim Emary as the project manager. The fundamental error in this decision is the assumption that the project is easy to accomplish. In this regard, it can be argued that Livingston’s decision did not come from the lack of information but due to the fact that he was given inaccurate information. If one would review the discussion made by the MIS manager and the EDP manager, one can make the conjecture that they were trying very hard to impress their boss. The MIS manager failed to provide an accurate assessment with regards to the difficulty of preparing a detailed plan to design, develop and implement a new MCCS. When asked regarding the requirements, the MIS manager simply provided an overview of the project. He then pointed to the EDP manager to supply the other missing pieces of information. When the EDP manager was asked with regards to the requirements of the project, he also did not provide a realistic assessment of the difficulty of the undertaking. On the contrary, the EDP manager said that he was optimistic that they could complete the project sooner than their initial estimates. It is true that
Introduction The invention of the computer and the subsequent birth of the internet have been seen as the most significant advances of the 20th century. Over the course of the past few decades, there has been a remarkable rise in the use of computers and the internet. Sahay asserts that the ability of computing technologies to traverse geographical and social barriers has resulted in the creation of a closer knit global community (36). In addition to this, the unprecedented high adoption rate of the internet has resulted in it being a necessity in the running of our day to day lives. However, there have been concerns due to the fact that these life transforming technologies are disparately available to people in the society. People in the high-income bracket have been seen to have a higher access to computer and the internet. This paper argues that the digital divide does exist and sets out to provide a better understanding of the causes of the same. Solutions to this problem are also addressed by this paper. What is the Digital Divide? The term divide is mostly used to refer to the economic gap that exists between the poor and richer members of the society. In relation to technology, the OECD defines digital divide as ” the gap between individuals, households, businesses and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels with regard both to their opportunities to access information and communication technologies (ICTs) and to their use of the Internet for a wide variety of activities.” (5). As such, the digital divide refers to the disparities in access of communication technology experienced by people. Causes of the Digital divide While the respective costs of computers and internet access have reduced drastically over the years, these costs still remain significantly expensive for some people in the population. As a result of this, household income is still a large determinant of whether internet access is available at a home. Income is especially a large factor in developing countries where most people still find the cost of owning a PC prohibitive. However, income as a factor leading to the digital divide is not only confined t
Let’s start our fascinating trip. The first point of our destination is Dinas Powys hill fort. This place amazes with its history and age. This hill fort is dated to the British Iron Age. This site was excavated by the team of archeologists with Leslie Alcock at the head from 1954 to 1958. Leslie Alcock decided to name this place of interest in favor of the neighborhood village, he said: “it therefore seemed appropriate by a kind of back-formation to restore the village name to” the fortifications (Alcock 1963, p. 1). This site was firstly marked on the Ordnance Survey’s one inch map as Beili Castell. Alcock considered this name “to have no real justification” (Alcock 1963, p. 6). The first archeologist who was interested in this place of interest was Mortimer Wheeler who produced a plan of excavating of the hill fort for the National Museum of Wales. Archaeologists Dr. V. E. Nash-Williams, Sir Cyril Fox and Dr. H. N. Savoy chose the best place for training the students studied at the department of archeology of University College, Cardiff and this suitable place for training was the Dinas Powys (Addyman 1966). The archeologists decided to leave some areas unexcavated explaining this fact that “Sufficient areas have been left unexcavated for future workers to have some chance of testing both the observation of facts and the hypotheses presented” (Alcock 1963, p. 15). Since those excavations, Dynas Powys hill fort has become the most visited place of interest in Wales. The next place of interest in Wales is Chepstow Castle. This castle is considered to be the oldest stone fortification in Britain belonging to Post-Roman period. This fortification is dated to 1067 when William the Conquer was in power. There is also a presupposition that William l commissioned the great tower of Chepstow Castle during his visit in 1081. The unaltered castle was passed to William Marshal in 1189 who started to remodel it with revolutionary designs. The construction of Chepstow Gateway, a brand new tower, the lower and middle bailey defences were his achievements in the remodeling of Chepstow Castle. Later