ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The pedigree problem is generally featured with the necessity to provide the correct connections among the family members in a genetic history chart. A pedigree tracks the inheritance forms of genetic traits in a family’s generations (Kramvis, Kew, & Francois, 2005). A pedigree traces the lineage through which a genetic condition can be traced by doctors through documenting biological relationships in a family of a patient who is suffering from a hereditary disease. Mendel’s law of inheritance may not apply fully to all humans genetic conditions as a pedigree chart shows. Some genes are inherited but do not follow the Mendel law of genotypes transfer as outlined below (Kramvis, Kew, & Francois, 2005). A genotype is said to be a homozygous when two alleles in the diploid or identical e.g AA or aa. Homozygous prototype produces only one type of gamete. Individuals that are homozygous are said to be pure line or true breading. A heterozygous genotype is one that carries different alleles e.g. Aa. Different types of gametes are produced by a heterozygote. Taking a sample of some me of the immediate relatives of a woman (9 in total.) a pedigree is drawn as shown below. Paternal grandfather is affected while paternal grandmother is not affected as they form generation I. The following generation has seven individuals that include 2 paternal uncles and an aunt. One of the uncles is married to an unaffected aunt. At generation III, 9 individuals form the generation III where the subject comes from. At this generation we have 2 females who are free from the Achondroplasia attack while 2 females are affected. 2 males at this generation are affected by the disease while 3 of them are not affected at all. Main body Sex cells are often referred to as gametes whereas alternative forms of a gene are termed as alleles. Whenever one pair of alleles can come to a phenotypic expression only in homozygous genotype, we call those alleles recessive. An allele that expresses itself in the heterozygote as well as in homozygote condition is a dominant allele. A measurable characteristic or distinctive trait is called a phenotype as show on the pedigree chart. Pedigree Chart   * Subject: affected woman   * Subject’s two brothers, unaffected   * Subject’s father affected, mother unaffected   * Subject’s paternal aunt and uncle, unaffected   * Subject’s paternal grandfather affected, grandmother unaffected Autosomal dominant affection in the pedigree may be observed if the heterozygote has a reduced number of functional low density lipoprotein receptors. Hence, the affection in the family may be observed in every parent. Autosomal recessive inheritance means that both genes are defected. Hence, both parents should be affected for making their children affected with the decease. In gener
Linguists have a number of transcription conventions to utilise. Notably, these systems share certain features in common but they are quite different (Mazeland, 2006). In this paper, one of the most conventional transcription systems will be employed, Jefferson’s convention. This system is clear and concise and it enables the transcriber to reveal all major peculiarities of the conversation (utterance). There are not too many symbols, which makes the transcription easy to analyse. The story goes as follows: i guess (.) er <i’ll tell:> about >one episode from my life< which (.) i’m sure (.) is the mO:st remarkable ill:ustration of my character. i hesitate too: much. i was a and er 0.7 there was a hUGe party >one of my classmates was throwing<. hmm. anda: 0.4 friend of mine wa- and i. er. we: were tRYIng to decide whether we SHOULD go there. we had (.) like a dozen ova: (.) er (.) >reasons< to go anda: well: stay home. yea. sO (.) we: couldn’t decide anda (.) we were >quite tired of the process< which had been on fo:r a while. finally 0.7 er (.) >on the day of the party< we- or: even a few HOURS before its start (.) er 0.4 we simply threw a coin. oh (.) hmm (.) we threw it >like< THREE times. <it’s just> we wanted to make SURE we got it right. (.) we went to the party anda: (0.4) we had a lot of fun there. oh. i even met a new friend who: er (.) has had a GREAT impact on my life. SO (.) MY point IS 0.6 i often hesitate anda: i spend tOO much time trying er. well er. >different things<. i should be MORE confident anda: this is what i’m trying to learn now. oh (.) and I can be prOUd as i do and i don’t need YEARS to decide (.) er (.) which t-shirt t
In his essay “Conversation of Races,” Du Bois stresses the importance of a historical and sociological perspective on the discussion of differences between existing races. He identifies race, not by physiological traits, but by traditions, aspirations, and beliefs, in particular, a joint striving “for the accomplishment of certain more or less vividly conceived ideals of life” (“Conversation of Races” 39). Thus, Du Bois argues that despite the obvious presence of external differences, representatives of different races are united by mental and psychological characteristics based on common goals, laws, history, and religion. Each race, therefore, conveys a message to the world, occupying its special place in history. However, the author emphasizes that such a message can be conveyed exclusively by representatives, for which they must be united by a common idea. Thus, black people in America experience a dilemma, as they are unable to assert their identity and “stalwart originality which shall unswervingly follow Negro ideals” (“Conversation of Races” 41). However, they mostly use white dominance as an excuse, not seeking to defend their racial identity while on a historically foreign continent. Such claims by Du Bois are related to his reasoning in the essay “Of Our Spiritual Strivings”, where the author examines the problem of black people’s lives in the United States. He characterizes the state of modern African Americans as “double-consciousness” (“Of Our Spiritual Strivings” 39). The idea is that black people in America do not live like Africans, but they are not fully American either. They are a mixture of two cultures that cannot coexist peacefully. African Americans are separated from whites by a veil, which they do not seek to eliminate (“Of Our Spiritual Strivings” 38). Thus, Du Bois criticizes the American government for establishing a distinction that should be a stigma for black people throughout their lives. Both essays combined emphasize that Du Bois claims the need to realize the shared ideals of a racial group, otherwise, it will not be able to actualize itself in the world. Black people in America live in a constant dilemma of being unable to both emancipate and assimilate into American society. The first is the result of the inability of blacks themselves to assert their values and culture through the establishment of authority, which is discussed in “Conversation of Races”. The second stems from the discrimination and separation of African Americans by a particular color line which is considered in “Of Our Spiritual Strivings”. Charles Mills, in his essay “The Racial Contract,” discusses a similar issue, analyzing the moral and ethical views of white people about other rac
McDonalds and Customer Relations The McDonalds Corporation is the world’s largest company in the field of hamburger fast food. The corporation started in the USA in 1940 has grown to a global presence of over 119 countries. Its customer base is 70 million daily. McDonalds started as a restaurant selling barbecues. In 1955, business mogul Ray Kroc joined the restaurant as a franchises agent. He acquired the restaurant and employed a production line marketing concept to grow it to its current global presence. McDonalds’ development has come from realising franchisees and affiliates to run it. The corporation runs only 15% of its operations. This ownership model allows for versatility in marketing. McDonalds employs different franchise models in different regions. The company made a profit of $5.7 billion in 2012 and revenue of $28 billion (Baines, Fill & Page 2008). The corporation’s global presence has led economists to coin the world “McDonaldinazation” in reference to its widespread global presence. In the USA alone, one in every eight employees has worked for McDonalds at one point in time (Thomas & Earl 1995). The company under consideration sells different products to its global customers. The predominant products are hamburgers and chicken sandwiches in addition to soft drinks, salads, and French fries. Other products include breakfast foods and vegetarian food items. The company allows local franchise to incorporate local tastes and flavours. In Asia, for instance, McDonald’s franchisees are selling soup. In Germany, they trade in sell beer while those in New Zealand deal in meat pies. This diversity has allowed the company to expand to over 35,000 restaurants globally. It should also be mentioned that McDonalds employs several marketing strategies. Through advertisements, the company creates awareness about its products. Its billboards are common in Europe and America together to its TV and radio advertisements to market the products. The company has devised many slogans for its brands. The McDonald Corporation has established and retained long-term relationships with its customers. This has been the main driver of its growth to the status of the world’s largest hamburger fast food restaurant. A good relationship with customers is vital for growth of any corporation. McDonalds enjoys a cordial relationship with customers and franchisees (Jones and Sasser 1995). Establishing long-term relationships with clients builds loyalty and sustains growth. A corporation as old as McDonald has systems that guide its relationship with clientele. These systems guide the relationship towards achieving the corporation’s goals and objectives. In the recent times, McDonalds has
Toyota and Rolls Royce are two different leading car-manufacturing industries. Toyota is a Japanese company and has a wide range of car varieties such as Toyota Corolla, which is one of the popular cars since 1966. Since 1997, Toyota has sold many brands of corolla cars all over the world (Corolland, 2011). The models have undergone more redesigns. Rolls Royce on the other hand is a British brand founded in 1906. It also has a wide range of car varieties, including Rolls Royce Phantom and Extended wheelbase (Rolls-Royce, 2011). The makers of Toyota Corolla have redesigned the car from first generation to the tenth generation. The first generation corolla includes Corolla E10 or the sprinter while the tenth generation includes Corolla Altis and Axio (Corolland, 2011). Customers consider Toyota Corolla as an economy car since it is small, less expensive, and consistent. Many Americans buy the Corollas since they are dependable in transportation because the cars do not consume a lot of fuel. Toyota Corolla has a selection of body styles such as sedan, hatchback and wagon. The Sedan type has three categories: base, Sedan base and LE. The design of the Sedan is similar to other sporty cars with features like alloy wheels, body kit and back spoiler. All Toyota Corolla car models come with four-cylinder engine which has a 132-horse power and can hold up to 1.8 liters. It has a five speed manual program which controls the front wheels. Thus, an average consumer mostly buys Toyota corolla; its travel quality is smooth and efficient. The Corolla Altis, which is the new model of Toyota Corolla 2012, has more advanced qualities. It has a wood finish for the dashboard and it looks more luxuriant. It comes with two selections of diesel or petrol (Corolland, 2011). Rolls-Royce on the other hand has evolved with different designs. The Rolls-Royce Phantom is almost similar to Toyota corolla and has unique quality of waftability. Users achieve waftability through effortless acceleration, smoothnes
Executive Summary Mercy Hospital is coming up with a new strategy of offering products to its customers through an ambitious online strategy. In this project, Mercy Hospital will come up with a website that has a capacity to offer a lot more service that it currently does. This new strategy will offer customers ability to book for the services of this firm from any part of this country. This new strategy will also offer this hospital an ability to offer some of the services online, such as consultation. This project comes with a number of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and strengths. The project comes at a cost, but in the long run, the firm stands to benefit from increased sales. Introduction Healthcare is one of the most important aspects of the social life of a human being. Mercy Hospital in Riyadh offers a product that is considered a basic need in lives of people who live around this place, and visitors coming from other parts of the world. Given the fact that the hospital is owned by private institutions, it is expected to serve various clients, some of whom may come from regions outside Riyadh. Healthcare is very important and various facilities offering this product have come out strongly to improve their services to customers. This product is very sensitive because any little mistake done by the doctor or nurse in charge may be fatal. It is therefore, important that the concerned individuals use appropriate equipments that will ensure that they deliver quality services to their clients. This firm has a website that helps it reach out for clients both within Riyadh and abroad. This websites helps in communicating with the clients to understand the status of the firm. The website must reflect the current condition of the firm. It will be illogical for the firm to advance without showing the advancement on their website. It is therefore, a basic necessity for the management to ensure that their website is changed regularly to reflect the current status of the firm. Going online has its pros and cons. When a firm makes the decision to go online, there will be extra charges that the firm will have to meet in order to be successful in managing online business. The cost of hosting and maintaining a website is an extra cost that would have been used elsewhere if this option were not considered. Cyber crimes are other challenges that Mercy Hospital must be ready to deal with. Cyber criminals are increasingly getting sophisticated (Holden & Gulbrandsen, 2009). They use advanced technology to crack into sensitive information about their target firms. This can result into massive distortion of the information of the firm. They can also add or delete some information on the website of a firm, leading to miscommunication between the firm and the targeted audience. Depending on the magnitude of the distortion, the impact will vary, and this may injure the image of the firm in the corporate world. The firm will be tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that the website is protected from intruders. Despite these challenges, online business has become increasingly important to firms, especially in developed c
Due to the development of modern technology, humanity is presented with new inventions capable of facilitating everyday life almost every year. Nowadays, people have a variety of technological solutions to use. Sophisticated gadgets, new opportunities for instant communication, and other things are meant to improve people’s experiences with daily tasks. Despite the benefits of new technology, it can affect people by causing cognitive problems or issues related to inappropriate content, and such concerns require common users’ active participation to be reduced. Background The use of modern technology is increasing rapidly, and it can have both positive and negative consequences. According to Farmer and Lafond (2016), even though technological progress is “a driver of economic growth,” this process should be highly predictable and historically trackable to avoid economic collapses and other issues (p. 647). It means that sometimes, rapid technological growth and digitalization can present a problem since the rates of technological advancement can be incompatible with social conditions. First of all, modern technology can become dangerous when it is overused, or the resources needed for its implementation are more significant than its actual benefits. Apart from that, there are numerous concerns related to modern technology’s supposed impact on people’s health. Discussion The Role of Technology People use modern technology daily, but its effects and the perceived benefits may vary depending on its type. For instance, numerous food production technologies have been improved recently. All individuals who do not produce alimentary products on their own present a party that receives benefits in this regard. The same is true when it comes to new technology in construction, healthcare, and many other fields of activity. The field typically associated with the most obvious growth of impact on people’s daily lives is information and communications technology. According to Given et al. (2016), in 2010, more than 90% of teenagers from the United States had an opportunity to access the Internet. The increasing access to technologies for data sharing and communication impacts millions of people, encouraging them to become faster at data searching, which is particularly important for educational purposes. Therefore, in general, modern technology heavily impacts people’s lives, removing the necessity of tiring housework activities and facilitating communication. Advantages The advantages of technological growth are numerous, and they strictly relate to specific fields. For example, in ITC, technological advancement leads to faster exchange of information, which has positive implications to awareness of disastrous events, people’s overall area of thought, and access to new knowledge. To some extent, new opportunities in ITC are
Advantages and Disadvantages of VPN Advantages of VPN  1. Hiding identity. People may find it increasingly essential to protect their privacy in different circumstances. VPN helps to protect personal information from hackers or government surveillance by encrypting traffic and hiding user IPs.  2. Bypassing geo-blocks. Some websites restrict users from viewing content from certain geographical locations. Users can bypass the restriction by using a VPN with an IP address from the white-listed countries.  3. Securing connection. Public and home networks may be vulnerable to attacks of cybercriminals. VPN can help to protect logins, passwords, and credit card details.  4. Secure torrenting. When a user downloads a torrent, the IP address becomes available to all people who download it. Using a VPN can help to hide the real information from open access. Disadvantages of VPN  1. Decreased speed. In certain cases, VPNs can decrease the speed of the internet connection. The speed usually depends on the type of the VPN server, encryption power, and VPN protocol.  2. Privacy Concerns. Some VPN providers may expose the users to malware or steal private information.  3. VPN costs money. Good VPNs will cost the user between $50 and $100 a year, which may be significant for some users.  4. Not all devices support VPN. Some devices, such as ones based on Linux, do not support VPN, which makes its use limited. Advantages of Zero Trust  1. Faster access. The increased use of VPN and cloud computing complicated the security landscape, as often traffic generated by cloud computing is processed through the local data center and then passed on via VPN creating latency issues. Zero Trust security helps to avoid such latency.  2. Reduce the effectiveness of phishing attacks. VPN assumes that the user and device on the other end are secure. However, due to numerous attacks, this assumption may no longer be true. Zero Trust security assumes that no user can be trusted, which is crucial for improving security.
The qualitative research process is a multifaceted sequence of scientific decision-making that predetermines the overall approach to the issue under investigation and the outcomes of a study. The choice of epistemological, ontological, and methodological paradigms significantly influences and often limits the scope of possible tools for conducting research according to the planned aims and goals. Therefore, unlike in quantitative research, in qualitative inquiry, a researcher’s preference for particular approaches might hinder the objectivity of the findings and impose a higher risk for bias. However, the awareness of such characteristic features of the qualitative research process and the influential role of the researcher’s positionality allows for predicting the bias and addressing it effectively for more reliability and credibility of the research. In this researcher lense paper, I will introduce the epistemological and ontological paradigms I prefer to use in my qualitative research and the anticipated ways the alignment with them might affect the issues under investigation and research findings. Within the perspective of epistemological paradigm choices, a researcher is commonly inclined to one way of assuming knowledge or another. According to Walliman (2011), epistemology is “the theory of knowledge, especially about its validation and the methods used” (p. 16). Among the options available among the epistemological paradigms, I am most aligned with constructivism since it provides an opportunity for integrating one’s experience into the research. As defined by Dezin and Lincoln (2013), constructivism falls under the category of relativist ontological paradigm and subjectivist epistemological paradigm, which address “local and specific constructed and co-constructed realities” as well as “created findings” (p. 202). Therefore, constructivism is a paradigm that relies on individual constructions when defining the nature of knowledge, which particularly resonates with my vision of proper conducting of qualitative research. In particular, the choice of constructivist grounded theory as a preferred theoretical perspective aligns with my research lens. Since constructivism is inductive and necessitates an individual’s active participation in interpreting the investigated phenomena, the grounded theory complements the methodological opportunities and allows for researching the changes in a phenomenon under the influence of the altered conditions. Overall, as stated by Willis (2007), qualitative research is particularly dependent on the inquirer’s perspective because one is “devoted to a particular research method, it is often because that method is an expression of their paradigm” (p. 147). Thus, my preference for constructivist grounded theory is the expression of my paradigm. Within the context of researcher positionality, constructivism sets a basis for possible subjectivity and bias due to a high level of