ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Nowadays, searching for a job means looking for online job sites. For Canadians, who have graduated from a business school, sites such as Monster.com, Jobinga.ca, or Indeed.com are traditionally viewed as the first choices in terms of locating job opportunities. However, the usability, relevance, and accuracy of the information on these sites may differ significantly depending on the site’s layout, the interface specifics, etc. Although Indeed.com is a very valuable resource, Monster.com seems a much better choice because of a better arrangement of information and the tools suggested for the users to adjust the search process to their needs. Introduction: Internet Job Sites in Canada Locating a job advertisement site is not an easy task. Though most sites of the kind feature enough information, their usability and overall performance is questionable. To identify the quality of the information provided on these sites, Indeed.com and Monster.com have been analyzed. Although Jobinga.ca, Indeed.com, and Monster.com feature rather similar information, the arrangement of data, as well as extra options, display quite clearly that Monster.com is preferable due to its higher level of clarity and better navigation. Key Features of the Sites: Analysis User Interface Design The elements of good design must be easy to use: “They must be executed in a simple yet understandable way” (Marcus, 2015, p. 349); therefore, the number of fonts used must be reasonable. Likewise, the colors used are not to be bright to the point where they induce seizures. However, Monster.com seems to have better zoning, as it marks the necessary areas (i.e., the navigation panel, the list of jobs) more noticeable: Color can control or affect the look and feel of the web site. Adding a few colors can make a boring site exciting, a good site ugly, or can evoke emotional responses. Therefore, designers should have colors to enhance their sites by creating good visual and emotional effects. ( The effect of color in web page design , n. d., p. 3) Indeed.com and Jobinga.ca, in their turn, only use white color as the background for the key information. However, the abundance of fonts that Monster.com features may become an eyesore; as a result, one might give preference to the restrained choice of fonts made by Indeed.com (Arial, 12 pt.). Usability All three sites are also quite easy to use; the navigation panels on each allow for sorting data according to their relevance and date, which is essential for locating the right job (Appendix A). However, Monster.com also offers to find a company that is located near the user. Additionally, unlike Indeed.com and Jobinga.ca (Appendix C), Monster.com also suggests the option of classifying the results based on the salary. Comprehensiveness Indeed.com, Jobinga.ca, and Monster.com allow for adjusting the query of the user so that the latter could view all the options available. The content of the site features an impressive amount of data, which is related to the query. Apart from different job options, the three sites suggest relevant advertisements, as well as embrace the job o
Introduction They describe the past, control the present, and define the future. The 21st century is a time of incredible speed of information transfer as well as that of great forgetfulness. With individuals in-masse preferring easily-digestible information in the form of 10-second soundbites, it is easy to become driven by whatever the media shapes individuals out to be. At the same time, it is an age of the rebirth of public memories. Nowadays, museums are required not only to preserve and collect various rustics and antics of the years gone by, but also to demonstrate the history of people and nations without whitewashing or covering the bad parts. There is a public demand to know all of history, and allow it to shape public identity. It is an arduous and painful process, often met with resistance, as past grudges, pain, and responsibility are brought upon future generations. The first instinct is to let bygones be bygones, but such an approach has inherent and implicit dangers to such. Art is a way to immortalize certain things and events, protect them from oblivion. At the same time, art is subjective, just as the views of individuals that make it. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the relationship between memory and oblivion, private and public recollection of events, and the way these concepts are reflected in the works of Walid Raad, Christo, and Jeanne-Claude, and Felix Gonzalez-Torres. Memory and Oblivion The relationship between memory and oblivion is an intricate one. Memory constitutes the knowledge of the past as experienced by the individual directly or indirectly (Loventhal, 1993). Oblivion, however, refers to the process of forgetting certain parts of it. There are numerous reasons for doing so. The primary function of giving up certain memories to oblivion is to free up space. Nobody can remember every single thing that has happened, especially when there is a choice to make between important and mundane memories (Loventhal 1993). That deemed routine and not worthy of being archived are forgotten to give way to something new. The second reason to condemn memories to oblivion is when it is inconvenient for everyone involved to remember something. Oblivion serves a social memory censorship function, by removing unwanted or unpleasant memories from existence in the scope of an entire society. Such actions usually take place when practices that have been considered valid for a long period suddenly become viewed in a bad light due to a change of a historical and societal paradigm. An example of such would include the discussions of slavery in the US during the 1970s-1980s. During this period and up until the early 2000s, the American society, both on the side of whites and blacks, wished to simply erase the shameful pages in the country’s history (Loventhal, 1993). For whites, it meant being capable of treating the black population the way they deserved from the beginning, and for blacks – to forget the
Abstract The Clovis culture is an ancient Native American society which, according to archeological documentation of North America, initially emerged about 13,000 years ago, during the last part of ice age (kennely, 2005). The culture’s name originated from works of arts found around Clovis in New Mexico where the initial clues were found in 1932. Most studies have failed to establish the origin and the reason for disappearance of this culture. Most of existing analyses are based only on the assumptions, although there are some discoveries of their remains in some regions of North America and Mexico. Some archeologists believe that their disappearances were brought about by over-hunting of huge animals like mammoths. There are still debates if the pre-Clovis people and culture really existed, and some consider that if they lived, then they were poorly organized since there are no enough discoveries of their tools found during excavations in Northern America or Asia. Most of the information in this paper was found in books and studies which are available at the internet. This paper will dwell on the pre-Clovis people, their culture, origin, settlement, lifestyles and finally their disappearance. Introduction The first evidence, the mammoth bones with a spear-point stuck in the rips, was found in Folsom, New Mexico, in 1926 and since then, various related sites have been found all over the North America as well as Central America and Mexico (Deloria, 2010). Paleo-Indians is another name used to describe the Clovis people who are commonly considered as the first people to reside in North America. Moreover, they are believed to be ancestors of the natives living in South and North America (McManamon & Cordell, 2009, p. 215). Nevertheless, this consideration has been lately opposed by several archeological results which argued that they are much older. Another contentious issue there concerns what place should be regarded as a place of origin of the Clovis people in North America and Mexico. However, the greatest evidence proposes that this community of hunters and gatherers, identified as the Clovis people, initially lived in Southwest sometime earlier than 9,000 B.C. The Clovis people were named after Clovis town in New Mexico, a place where the initial discovery of the evidence of life of these people was made in 1932 (Deloria, 2010). Origin and Settlements The Clovis people came and settled in wide areas of North America; and nowadays, there are various studies, questions, and debates which concern the uncertain period they existed and their influence on the cultures of Northern America and Mexico. Studies have speculated that the Clovis people settled in North America around 11,500 – 10,800 years ago (Kennely, 2005). Some theories state that the Clovis ancestors migrated to the Southern part of Alaska to continue hunting the mammoths and other huge wild animals. However, archeologists have not discovered the Clovis sites found in the regions of Alaska or Canada. Similarly, there are no existen
Introduction The role of women in advertising has remained a contentious issue in the contemporary society. For many years, advertisers have used women as advertising objects thus triggering debates and research interest to unravel the unknown truth behind women and advertising. With most adverts carrying the image of women, it is clear that they usually have an impact on viewers in terms of perception towards self-image. Needless to mention, all media channels like television, magazines and even the internet are full of adverts carrying the image of a woman (Ohio State University, 2011). Even though this is never a concern to advertisers and marketers, it has been found that women usually get affected by such media images and influence their perception towards self-esteem. In this regard, this paper explores the relationship between advertising and body image satisfaction. Literature review The concept of body image and how women are portrayed in the media has continuously drawn the attention of people from all walks of life, including authors, scholars and researchers. In understanding this concept, they have dedicated their time and resources in documenting their findings in form of books, journals and internet articles for future reference and academic edification. This segment synthesizes findings from an array of reputable authors who have broadly covered the topic of advertising and body image satisfaction in women. What is body image? From a psychological point of view, body image refers to one’s attitude towards own body with regard to sexual attractiveness and aesthetics. (Festinger, 1957). The phrase was first coined in 1935 by a neurologist from Australia in an article which he described the image and appearance of the human body and how it is viewed by the society. Although the society has always placed a lot of emphasis on beauty, individual’s perception over their bodies may not necessarily match the standards of the society. Body image is therefore thought to be a product of several aspects, which define human identity (Clay, Vignoles & Dittmar, 2005). These aspects include but not limited to personalities, individual experiences and other forces, which could either be cultural or social. As a result, the sense of physical appearance usually can transform body image in relation to other people or the ideal image recognized by the society (Manasia, 2011). It therefore follows that an individual’s perception may not necessarily reflect other people’s point of view. The ultimate impact of this scenario is either a case of satisfaction or dissatisfaction depending on an individual’s body rating. Due to high value attached to body image and sexua
Introduction This paper reports about the cultural differences between Germany and the United Kingdom (U.K) instead of an attempt by a UK-based hotel (Greenway Hotel Group) to venture into the German hospitality industry. The case study highlights different cultural issues related to the hotel’s global expansion strategy, including the language differences that exist between the two European countries, the implications of the cultural differences for the hotel, and the recommendations that the hotel could consider to minimize the negative impact of cultural diversity or maximize the hotel’s potential in harnessing the same. This report uses Hall’s theory of high-context and low-context cultural frameworks and Hofstede’s cultural dimension theory to explain these differences. Cultural Differences between the U.K and Germany The U.K and Germany have unique cultural differences that may affect Greenway’s expansion plans on the German market. Hall’s theory of high and low context cultures helps us to understand these differences because it provides a framework for understanding the cultural extremes of different societies (Liu 20). Hall’s theory Hall presents cultural differences between different groups as either being high-context or low-context (Liu 20). He uses people’s closeness within different cultural orientations to explain these differences (Djursaa 140). High-context cultures often emerge in societies where people share close relationships with their neighbors or acquaintances. Such types of cultures often cater to the needs of in-groups. People who subscribe to them base their business relationships on the same social relationships (Liu 20). Similarly, in these types of cultures, businesspersons often share information and knowledge among acquaintances and prefer to do business with people who are part of these groups (Djursaa 140). Comparatively, low-context cultures cater to the needs of out-groups. Such cultures are prevalent in highly in
Specific Learning Model One of the efficient instruments which enable teachers to assist students in creating their knowledge networks is a theory developed by Merlin Wittrock, known as Generative Learning Model. Fiorella and Mayer believe that learning is a generative activity. 1 Learning involves the generation of knowledge from the integration of the information which has to be learned and the knowledge obtained earlier. It allows students not only to study new material but also to learn how to apply it in other situations. Finally, the way of presenting information is not decisive in generative learning. For this model, the interpretation and making sense of the material by learners is more important. Concept/Topic/Unit For the pre-kindergarten level, the generative learning model can be applied, for example, while studying shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle. Exploration Phase Discovery activities in the exploration phase include the exercises which help young learners to explore shapes. For example, children find different shapes in the pictures. Another step of this phase can be the search for the objects which are of circle, square, rectangle, or triangle shape in the classroom. It is the use of natural learning situation which is efficient for fostering early mathematical competences. 2 Term Introduction Phase During this phase, students try to figure out the differences between the shapes under consideration. A matching activity can be useful during this phase. Learners match shapes and everyday objects which are similar and try to explain their choice. It stimulates both memory and thinking processes and teaches students to apply associative thinking. Application Phase The application phase is the most significant in the implementation of any model. When it comes to generative learning, various types of tasks can be used. For example, it is possible to apply learning by drawing which is both interesting and useful for young learners. 3 Drawing allows creating the shapes and training students to distinguish between them. This activity can develop from following a pattern to independent drawing. Another activity applicable to this topic is team-work. Students are divided into teams, each of which is responsible for one shape. Their task is to find as many subjects as possible of a suitable shape. The topic of shapes also has a real-life application. The knowledge of the issue helps children distinguish between the road signs which are the topic of another class and thus this knowledge is relevant to students. Connections The generative learning model creates a cycle of students’ knowledge development. First of all, students receive some knowledge. Later, they get more new information which is integrated with the previously obtained and results
The manner of writing can reveal numerous details about the storyteller, including particular character traits, perception of the world, and even the gender of a person who wrote a story. It is what I will try to do in this paper – guess the gender of the speaker analyzing the texts they have written. The first way to determine the sex by studying the text is to search the details that might prompt the answer, for example, personal and possessive pronouns, etc. It helped me in defining that the author of the love story with a black woman was a man. In fact, this decision was obvious because the author highlighted his gender throughout the story. First, he told me about his childhood experience, noting that, as a little boy, he was not ready for the intimacy of the first kiss. Second, he wrote about joining the Navy that is generally a male experience. Finally, he shared a story of creating a family with a black woman. So, everything points to the fact that a writer is a man. The same approach can be applied to the story of a person depressed because of the divorce and a mate having an affair. The passage was written by a female, and it is understood by the obvious details, such as mentioning that it was a husband who cheated on the author. Later, another detail is revealed – the fact that the author was left a home-stay mom that only proves that the writer was a female. These stories, except for direct pointing out to the gender of the storyteller, have a little difference – the mood of writing. It is believed that men and women write stories in a differing manner. For example, women use shorter sentences and are emotional, while men formulate their thoughts in longer sentences and mention facts and arguments (Jones & Myhill, 2007). True, if we look closer at them, the first story is a set of arguments (acceptance of children by other women or forcing the parents to accept son’s choice if they love him) while the second one is more emotional and includes many short sentences that prove that the writer was in a depressive mood and did not know what to do next. Sometimes it is complicated to determine the gender of the storyteller. For example, it was in the case of the story about a person who had six half-brothers and sisters left by their biological father. At first, it seemed to me that the author was a man because of recollecting the fact about joining the military, but the last paragraph reveals the truth about the narrator, who was married before and now has a husband. Moreover, the author is described as having a ‘daddy’s girl complex,’ so the conclusion is obvious – the teller is a woman. What can also be used for determining the gender of a storyteller is the female perspective of the events and drawing the line between the
Although much attention is paid today to the problems of developing the democratic and just society in the USA, it is almost impossible to reject the fact that racial inequality is in a constant progress in the country, and it can appear in different forms. In his work Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality , Patrick Sharkey provides facts to support the idea that the obvious racial inequality exists, especially in the urban neighborhoods, leading to the unstopped development of the phenomenon. Thus, Sharkey focuses on the importance of places in the development of racial inequality and on the impact of urban neighborhoods on several generations growing at these territories. Focusing on the reliable arguments provided by the author, the reader can agree that effective durable urban policies are necessary in order to break the chain and reduce the negative impact of the neighborhoods on generations. However, the author’s argument can be discussed as rather controversial. Sharkey states that the era of the civil rights movements ended with doubtful positive results because the situation of segregation and inequality continued to intensify, and African Americans were legally isolated in the urban neighborhoods having less social and economic opportunities in comparison with the white population of the country (S
Why was the movie Triumph of the Will such an effective piece of propaganda? What techniques did the director use to convey her message? Propaganda is a communication act aimed at influencing the audience to adopt a certain point of view. The word has acquired a negative connotation given that it could amount to lying by omitting some details or truth even though it initially had a neutral connotation. The movie starts with some texts on the screen showing that Germany had been at war for quite a long period than it had been at peace. This is partly true because the period between WWI and WWII was too short. Apart from the world wars, Germany also had its own internal problems. Everyone in the movie, however, has a feeling that things will soon be alright given the kind of a leader they have in place. Clouds are shown moving above the people in the city waiting for Hitler and other dignitaries to arrive (YouTube Episode I). It is a spectacular view and Hitler soon arrives in a plane. Not many people at that time could travel in a plane. This gives the people the message that they have a powerful leader and that everything will be fine. This, however, is just propaganda because Hitler is not telling them the truth of what they were to expect in the future, especially WWII. Later in the evening Hitler goes and sleeps in a hotel. The following morning, he officially and formally launches the congress party. The launch is attended by many people and Hitler gives a lengthy speech (YouTube Episode II). Hitler, to be specific, gives re-assuring speech that he would bring peace, food and power- both economic and military- to Germany. He then congratulates the German labor force for their good work of rebuilding the country. This is propaganda because
Summary/executive summary Businesses operating across international borders are exposed to more risks relative to those operating within the border limits of a single country. However, globalization has resulted in more businesses operating in more than one country. It is of paramount importance for multinationals to carry out country risk analyses before making trading or investment decisions outside their countries of origin. Nestle is a multinational company that produces bottled water, among other products. Nestle wishes to expand its portfolio in emerging markets by expanding sales and manufacturing processes of bottled water. This report makes a PESTLE analysis of UAE country risks. The analysis is aimed at informing Nestle’s decision on the manufacturing and sale of its bottled water product in the UAE. Firm-specific risks Nestle’s firm is less likely to be involved in any goal conflicts with the UAE government. As such, firm-specific risks are minimal. Country-specific risks Islam religion predominantly influences the UAE’s culture. Additionally, there are minimal institutional risks that are likely to affect Nestle. Global specific risks The geographical location of the UAE exposes it to heightened terrorism risks. Additiona