Introduction All cognitive processes occur in an individual’s mind. People’s minds work under various contexts in terms of cultures, religion, ethnicity, and environments among others. Therefore, effective understanding of thought processes require a thorough comprehension of culture and evolution within a given domain like religion, cultural transmission, language and thought, self and identity, and social kind among others. Cognition is intricate, but has high-levels of functional organisation. In this context, scholars have proposed the evolution theory to account for complex cognitive processes. Developmental processes have effects on an individual’s cognitive development. This implies that evolution also affects cognitive developments of individuals. In this context, we can conclude that evolutionary and development processes have effects on cognition development of an individual. Therefore, the best approach of understanding cognitive processes should involve several areas of studies like comparative studies, ecological aspects, religious accounts, and other development studies (Heyes, 2012). It is crucial to understand the role of evolution in the production of creatures with developed minds. Current studies on these issues reflect new thinking based evidenced-based theory with reference to new modes of cognition that have evolved with human beings. In this context, the role of evolutionary psychology also is paramount. Evolutionary psychology has shown us the need to “ integrate cognitive science with evolutionary biology in order to explain not only how brains and behaviour have evolved, but also the evolution of the ‘middle man’—the cognitive processes, often characterized as computational software, which are instantiated by the brain and control behaviour” (Heyes, 2012). Based on such observations, this essay concurs with the statement that cognition is constrained and directed by both evolutionary and cultural processes with references to the domain of religion and cultural transmission. Religion Based on the cognitive scientific argument, religion has many technical orders of behaviours, which engage emotions, learning, and memory. We have to understand that religion has various components from various cultures. Religious aspects are subject to environmental inputs, which influence cultural outcomes. It is also important to recognise that religion relies on memory as it emerges within the context of evolution with the basis of social connections (Boyer, 2001). Scientists have investigated religious aspects from laboratories by using drugs and other scientific experiments to gauge changes within the body when an individual engages in prayer, mediation, or trance. Currently, researchers have embarked on brain scanning techniques in order to identify a specific part of the brain that bears religious experiences (Persinger, 1987). Still, science has also explored cognitive representation and propagation of supernatural conceptions. The main area of concentration has been on ideas of spirits and gods. The supposed counter-intuitive agents depend on different elements of human minds for conceptualisation. Evolution plays significant roles in conceptualisation of counter-intuitive agents. In this process, we look at the agent of the