ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Panera Bread is a company that has a chain of caterings all over the USA. The executive chairman of the board, Ron Shaich, has decided to open a nonprofit restaurant in St. Louis that declares “Take what you need, leave your fair share”. The restaurant offers bakery products and customers pay the price they consider appropriate, or, those who can’t pay, are able to get food by donating their time. One of the main ideas of this restaurant is to sell day-old baked goods other restaurants of the chain produce (Panera: Pay what you can afford, 2010). Sharing experience is one of the main problems the organization faces. Dwelling upon the main idea of this nonprofit restaurant, it is important to state that it offers people bakery products which are not paid to the cashiers as in usual restaurants. Cashiers offer only the information about their cost and receive credit cards. When people have selected what they want, they are not offered to pay their bill, they are asked to donate. Those who have no money have an opportunity to donate their time, to work in the restaurant. Money donated by the visitors is delivered to different communities which need support. Volunteer work is extremely important as it allows the company not to pay salaries and deliver more money to those who really need it (Horovitz, 2010). Sharing experience and knowledge is considered to be one of the main problems the community of practice faces, and the following steps should be considered to solve it. First of all, the community of practice should identify the goals, objects and the scope of work to do. Considering the case under consideration, it is necessary to identify the organizations in the area which want to have the same practice. According to the number of objects, a group of people should be created which should be aware of the main principles of this kind of business. The volunteers who participated in the restaurant business may be considered as the best candidates. Secondly, it is necessary to create a plan according to which the information is going to be shared. Specific meetings, Internet forums or leaflets with the specific data are the central means of sharing the information among those who are interested in the affair. The managers of the restaurant should always be ready to answer the questions asked by those who are interested in running this kind of business. Panera Bread is not the first company which has decided to run this kind of business, so the information from other companies may be interesting. The Internet is a great opportunity to get it. The policy of actions in the relation to the sharing of knowledge and experience in running donation business is created on the basis of the community of practice. It does not have any financial basis as this organization is nonprofit. The community of practice is “made up of individuals who are informally bounded to one another through exposure to a similar set of problems and a common pursuit of solutions” (Daft & Lane, 2008, p. 216). Keeping in mind this specific definition, it is possible to create a set of nonprofit organizations which are aimed at helping foundations which need specific assistanc
The emergence of trade routes marked a major development in the history of humankind. Observably, the rise and fall of most classical empires played a crucial role in these historical developments. Indicatively, the sociopolitical and economic elements provided the greatest center stage for these historical advancements. In addition, the economic and religious factors also had remarkable levels of manipulation. These were observable within different geographical destinations within the globe. Evidently, the major trade routes of the post-classical world helped in the emergence and establishment of an empire. A classical example is the initiation of the famous Roman Empire. Notably, all empires sprouted within or along major trade routes. The availability of currency influenced the capacity to initiate taxation policy. Taxation and levies formed the fundamental backbone for most ancient empires (Rodriguez 1). For instance, Ceaser levied taxes on the traders within the territories of the kingdom. Religious concerns contributed immensely to the establishment of trade routes and empires. The failure of Han Empire in China led to many changes. For example, Buddhism emerged in China because the Confucian administration lacked effective decentralization. When the Roman Empire collapsed, other small and fragmented regional authorities rose. It is imperative that these kingdoms were created along the major trade routes. Political influences had significant impacts on these developments. These patterns of events were notable in India after the collapse of the famous Gupta Empire. It is evident that the practice of Hinduism led to the establishment of trade lines within the region. Consequently, other small kingdoms emerged along these important trade lines. The period also marks the rise of the powerful Indian Ocean trade route. There was an obvious transfer and shift in the focal of power from the western Rome and China. To some extent, historians argue that these developments could have also occurred due to favorable foreign policies. The major occurrences after 600 were purely influenced by religious groups and trade routes (Rodriguez 1). However, it is important to note that the religious formations catapulted the foundation of various dynasties and empires. These occurrences and formations can be traced in major parts of Africa, the western nations and the great Southwest Asia. The influence of geopolitics and social orientations in these processes cannot be underestimated. A classic example is the Umayyad Caliphate of the 6661 C.E. This clan managed to initiate their own hereditary system of monarchy in Damascus. During the process of initiation, they conquered major destinations. The major trade routes acted as the basic guide toward
Introduction According to conventions, in a commercial organization, the decisions about all the processes and other important things are generally taken by the higher authority and the management. Some times the decisions are influenced by the shareholders of the company. As a manager, it is essential to finalized an advance directive and determine the minimal level of autonomy that is necessary to be allowed for finalizing that form. Minimal level(s) of autonomy As a manager, taking an advanced directive is a lot of responsibility in the respect of a company. Sometimes these decisions can influence the whole working procedure of a company. There are three very important aspects of a decision making process, and they are independence, competence and authenticity. But the most important factor in the case is the moral judgment of the person who is taking the decision. As per the theory of Normative Ethics, any type of process that is clearly associated with any wrong has to be deducted from the process. If a person has given the clearance to take decisions on the behalf of a company, he must be true to his conscience before taking any decision. After taking the decision, he will have to think that what will be the immediate and long term effects of the decision on the organization and will it help the organization’s growth in any aspect. The decision maker has to be authentic in his decision making prowess and has to make the organization understand that what can be the possible benefits from his decision (Burnor & Raley, 2010). Permission to finalize an AD Taking an advanced directive is a very important aspect with respect of a company. And it is very important that the most competent persons will have the authority to take advance directives. And it does not concern with seniority or any other things. The company has to select those persons who have clear mind and decision making prowess and most importantly responsible in their approach towards their work and the company. So the company has to be very strict before giving out an advance directive power to an employee only for the benefit of the company. Group identified There will be a lot of people who do not fall under the group, which is not allowed to take an advanced decision. It does not mean that these people will be kept out of the decision-making process. A company can work in harmony when all the departments of the company work simultaneously to achieve one result. And in the process all the employees have to take a whole hearted part in the process. So it is preferred that before taking any decision the decision makers should carry out an internal discussion process where all the employees can express their views about the impending decisions, if it is possible. It is obvious that in case of an emergency this will not be possible. According to researchers and the people who work on the philosophy of employees always prefer the idea of engaging the employees in a decision makin
The world is undergoing various transformations directly and indirectly affecting its inhabitants. One characteristic of all living things is irritability. Irritability refers to the ability of living things to react to the environment as a result of change in natural or manmade stimuli. This means that living things are very cautious of the environments within which they live. Any change in climatic pattern of the earth will affect one particular group of living things negatively and another particular group positively or in the same way. One major environmental problem that is witnessed on earth since human beings became cautious of it is global warming. Global warming has been a menace to the peaceful existence of man and to the natural functioning of the environment. Rising global temperatures, flooding, and rise in the water level are some of the effects linked with global warming. This predicament has been highlighted in various forums and round table meetings in an effort to find a lasting solution to its cause. However, despite several efforts to eliminate it, debates about its causes has for reason not reached an agreement in summits. One side points to human beings as the cause whereas the other points to nature as the cause. The question as to whether human beings are responsible for global warming or not and its agreeable rates can be answered well if the myths existing on the subject can be countered well with scientific facts. According to orld Almanac Books (25), the 21 st century has been received by environmental challenges of global warming believed to have been inherited from manmade activities of the past generations and the present ones. Ever since the start of 20 th century, the temperature
Introduction Meatpacking refers to the process by which goats, cattle, sheep, and hogs are slaughtered and packing them for transportation and sale. The meat industry in the United States is the largest agricultural-based industry and produces about 40 billion pounds of meat every year. The methods used to preserve meat are usually refrigeration, canning, and also smoking. The change in consumer habits for meat is the main determinant of the future of this industry. Meat Consumption in the United States and the World Meat is the most consumed food worldwide, but its consumption has been affected over the times in the U.S and the world market in general. The fear of the E.coli bacteria and hysteria, which caused several deaths and heavy losses in the meatpacking industry, led to the retrenchment of several employees in the meatpacking industries following the closure of many small, poor functioning meatpacking industries in the United States. The meatpacking industries in the U.S employ a lot of people, most of them being illegal immigrants from Bosnia, Vietnam, and even Sudan who provide ready cheap labor under poor working conditions and poor payment. This raises negative publicity from the local and foreign consumers over the hygiene and safety of the meat, which in turn affects the market and meat consumption as well. Future of the Meatpacking Industries in the U.S Since the Meatpacking industries in the U.S offers the greatest number of employment, about 520000 people, there is a need to improve the quality of production as well as the volume to cater to the available ready market; the United States is the major meat exporter in the world with the main Importers being Canada, Japan, and Mexico. The government should give grants to these industries in order to be able to increase production and meet the demand. Meatpacking and food processing industries are very sensitive to the health of the people and therefore should ensure high standards of hygiene. The government should give grants to these industries so that they can employ highly skilled personnel. The meatpacking industries need improved meat inspection methods that were introduced in 2000, which are capable of detecting even invisible pathogens. They also require money to advertise, package meat well, and carry out consumer education programs aimed at promoting safe meat handling practices to reduce cases of E.coli bacteria, which is a great threat to the meatpacking industries in the United States. The meatpacking industries in the U.S operate under thin margins because they are expected to keep low costs and still maintain a high volume of production. The government should help in finding them to be able to meet these targets. Conclusion The meatpacking industry deserves a million-dollar grant to be able to overcome all the challenges facing it. By taking care of its financial problems, there is no doubt that this industry will give
Introduction There are many challenges related to reentry from correctional facilities. These challenges are not only momentous in scale but also complex to handle. Reentry refers to the process of transiting from prison into the community in this context and throughout the entire paper. In the US alone, correctional facilities admit and release over twelve million people annually. Of particular interest are the barriers that fathers encounter when they make reentrance from jail. Statistics show that fathers encounter uphill tasks of rebuilding their lives after incarceration (Albanes, 2012). Some of the challenges that they encounter include inability to secure employment opportunities and mental health illnesses. This paper seeks to explain the barriers that fathers encounter upon their release. It also seeks to explore various ways that correctional facilities can reduce the barriers especially for fathers. This is in lieu of the fact that fathers are in most cases the breadwinners of their households. To that end, the paper will provide recommendations that will enable correctional facilities to come up with programs aimed at minimizing these apparent challenges. The rationale is that correctional systems have become responsive to the needs of people released from jails. Overview and Description of Research Problem At the outset, it is imperative to recognize that majority of incarcerated people are men. In the US, over 69 percent of the jailed people are men. Of these, 76 percent are fathers. Undoubtedly, fathers play a significant role in the society and in their households. According to Weiman (2007), the society has defined gender roles in a way that men are always considered the breadwinners. Not only is their presence important in their families but also in the society. As such, families and societies risk losing productive members to jails. Being in jail threaten to breakup families especially when the father was the major breadwinner. In fact, statistics show that households whose fathers are in jail have an 85 percent chance of breaking up (Weiman, 2007). To this end, it is vital to pinpoint that many fathers risk a reentry into broken homes that may cause even more distress and agony. This is not only disturbing for them but also detrimental for their chances of making a positive reentrance into the society. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that like all prisoners, fathers experience mental related illnesses, drug and substance abuse and recidivism. This is among many other challenges that fathers face when attempting to rebuild their lives after incarceration. While it is almost true to suppose that many fathers had households prior to their incarceration, it is e
Making business deals is not an easy task; the knowledge of the business processes and procedures, as well as the basic theoretical background concerning the issues in question is not enough. Quite often, a negotiation situation depends not on the profound knowledge of the business issue, but on the types of personality which both sides а the deal have, as well as the communicational strategies and approaches which both sides resort to. In my own recent experiment with a business deal, I created a simulation of a situation in which I was making a bank loan to start a business venture. It was considered that with the help of communication skills and the specific features of my personality, I would win over the insurance agent and he will entrust me with a bank loan which I was looking forward to. Indeed, in the course of negotiation with the insurance agent, it turned out that the role of communication and personality in negotiation was crucial and could be used either for creating a perfect image of a loan person, or, on the contrary, to destroy the trustworthy image with a single careless phrase. To start with, I visited the local bank with a project of my supposed company and a plan on how the given company is going to work, as well as when and what amount of revenues it will supposedly produce. At this point, the right communication technique meant a lot, since it was the project which the manager was focused on. It was important that I tried to keep my speech to the minimum, so that my vis-à-vis would not lose the track of the conversation. According to Bercovitch and Jackson, “In negotiation process, the role of personality traits such as charisma, cognitive complexity, or persuasiveness is important, but the idea that ‘great negotiations are born not made’ is incorrect” (Bercovitch & Jackson, 2009, 26). I have to admit that at the given stage, the bank manager displayed rather impressive communicational skills. With the help of the emphasis on the non-verbal elements of communication, such as demonstration of openness and readiness to talk, the manager succeeded in creating a relaxing atmosphere. Mr. Johnson, the manager, avoided folding his hands and leaned towards me in order to make the situation less strained. The given manner of conduct was rather relaxing and quite soothing; however, it is worth mentioning that the given manner also signified that a surprise attack was approaching. In addition, Mr. Johnson tended to hold rather still, which meant that he was getting prepared to offer his counterarguments. As Uribe (2003) explained, “According to certain research, people who are masking true thoughts tend to gesture less and move their legs and arms less than people who say the truth” (Uribe, 2010, 21). Therefore, the communication manner which Mr. Johnson chose helped indicate that he did not trust my project. Speaking of the communication strategy which I used to persuade the manager that I could be trusted was using wide open gestures. According to Uribe, “In the context of day
Heroism has always been the force for many actions. People want to be brave and to perform rather risky actions searching for excitements, fame and pursuing other particular purposes. Heroism is widely discussed in world literature. Many authors used heroism as the central ideas for discussion making the actions conducted by the heroes the central force for other activities and thinking processes. Reading Medea by Euripides, Othello by William Shakespeare, and The Epic of Gilgamesh it becomes obvious that the driving force of plot is heroism, however, the nature of that heroism is different that may be explained by the diversity of the objectives which may force people for brave actions. Medea by Euripides tells a story about a woman who is supposed to help people just because she wants to be useful. However, in many cases the reasons for her heroism are not the desire to be useful or famous among others, she wants to get more. Falling in love with Jason, Medea does the actions which seem to be crazy, however heroic (Euripides 25). At the same time, Medea is able to perform awful actions which seem heroic due to their risky nature. Heroism is mostly defined as the desire to perform a courageous action, but people do not usually pay attention to the nature and consequences of those actions which may be devil. Reading Othello , it is possible to contradict that heroism is the driving force for the plot. Of course, jealousy and the desire to protect a daughter from the marriage with Othello make Brabantio think about some particular actions which might be rather provocative. But Iago is a person who wants to be a hero in the eyes of his master and makes all possible to satisfy the desire of Brabantio to help him get rid of Othello (Shakespeare 97). However, Iago is too timid to act open and does everything with the help of Roderigo whom he kills when he believes everything is done. The heroism of Iago in this case is based on the desire to be the first but using the hands of other people. Gilgamesh wants to be immortal, therefore all his actions are based on the desire to find the way to remain alive. He does many actions, comes through battles, etc., but he is unable to reach the set goal (“The epic of Gilgamesh” 210). Being a hero, Gilgamesh remains unsatisfied with his actions as he cannot become immortal. At the end of the play Gilgamesh has to accept the situation. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that heroism is the part of each of the story and people ar
Executive Summary This paper evaluates Etisalat’s success in the UAE. Some of the issues evaluated in the paper relates to how the firm has managed to attain an efficient market position in UAE. Currently, the firm is the leader within the UAE telecommunication industry. An analysis of the firm is conducted through incorporation of the SWOT model. Through this model, Etisalat’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are identified and evaluated. Additionally, the paper illustrates how Etisalat has incorporated various marketing concepts and strategies. For example, the concept of market targeting and segmentation is used to illustrate how Etisalat has organized its target market. Additionally, Etisalat’s marketing strategies are evaluated by incorporating the concept of marketing mix. The main strategies analyzed include the product, pricing, promotion and distsribution strategies. With regard to organization, the paper illustrates the organization structure adopted by Etisalat in its operation in UAE. Additionally, an evaluation criteria together with values incorporated in the firm’s operations are illustrated. Introduction Emirates Telecommunications (Etisalat) is a public limited company which operates within the telecommunication industry in the United Arabs Emirates. The firm was founded in 1976. As a result of the regulatory and control powers awarded to Etisalat UAE over other firms by the UAE government, Etisalat was able to operate as a monopoly. Over the years it has been in operation, the firm has managed to venture into the international market. Its headquarters are based at Abu Dhabi. Etisalat has managed to establish itself as one