ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Customer relationship management matures   * Traditional CRM was about conducting promotional activities so as to attract new customers. It relied upon information from a database.   * Modern Customer relationship management has shifted to direct marketing which has necessitated businesses to segment their markets.   * This allows the company to use resources only on those customers they can serve best. Factors that drive the customer relationship management trend The trend in CRM was initially driven by companies but, the modern CRM is customer driven. Customers have expectations from companies, and this has shifted the roles. Factors like increased competition as a result of deregulation, the internet which has made the customers become better informed, innovation which has resulted to more choices for the customer, the shift by companies from mass production to mass customisation and rising promotion costs have all led to roles shifting. Establishing a customer relationship management strategy   * The best approach for CRM strategy is developing a customer data warehouse and delivery channels like customer service applications and campaign management tools. Stages of a customer life cycle relationship Customer relationship begins with identification followed by initialisation and marketing where the company presents opportunities to the customer. The company then presents their offering in terms of products and services which lead to purchase. Utilisation is where the customer reviews the product and the company receives feedback from the customer. The final stage is continued use and modification of the product or service as a result of interaction of supplier and purchaser. Testing the level of customer relationship management Businesses need customers for their survival so they should test their level of customer relationship management. They can do this with questions like the ones below.   * Does the company have as many customers as it wants?   * Are their customers as loyal as they expect them to be?   * Do Are the customers giving the company enough business as it would want?   * Does the company understand their customers?   * Does the company have an information strategy that is interested in what customers are trying to communicate?   * How fast can the organisation respond to the needs of their customers and markets?   * Does the company extend their capabilities to all their locations? Adding social causes to CRM activities   * Social cause related marketing is a way to link a company with a non profit or charitable organisation. Businesses are using it today as a promotional strategy because it adds value to marketing a company’s products and services.   * Companies are adding social causes to customer relationship management to make it more effective so they can combine CRM and social marketing. Social cause related marketing In order to link CRM activities to social marketing, the profit and not for profit organisations identify goals for both groups, embrace a cause, come up with a project, choose a partner, plan the project and finally communicate an
Several academic papers have discussed how to analyze income inequality and its determinants. Most of these literature used different data and various methods to look at the relationships between different impact factors and income inequality. Zhang Guang-sheng and Jiang Jing-qi (2007) examines the regional disparities and its determining factors in rural China by using the 2002 survey data based on one thousand agricultural household. The study employs Gini coefficient and the Theil index. The result of the study shows that although Gini coefficient and Theil index is at normal level, it needs to point out that there exist a risk that without taking adequate policy into account, the income inequality may rise with the misbalanced growth of regional economy. Paas and Schlitte (2004) deal with the development of regional disparities in per capita GDP and convergence processes in the enlarged EU by conducting a study on income disparities and convergence processes at regional level in the EU-25. A total of eight hundred and sixty one regions are examined during the period 1995-2003. First, Theil’s index was applied in order to illustrate the progress within and between region disparities. Second, it conducted a formal ß convergence analysis, taking into consideration the effects of spatial dependence and controlling for national effects. The results of this study depicts that poor countries located in the European border showed faster growth than the comparatively rich countries located in the core of Europe. However, national factors are believed to be the main driving force behind the convergence process. During this process the assessment of new member countries has shown an increment in regional disparities. When one crosses a national border, geographical growth spillovers no longer have any importance. Thus, the small impediments on boarders are still playing a major role in the enhancement of boarder to boarder integration in the European countries which make up the EU. A study dubbed decomposition of European Union’s socio- economic and global inequality was conducted by Novotny (2004) which tried to quantify the socio-economic inequalities in the globe, within the EU and within macro-regions. It tried to conduct this study with major focus on to the Regional Dimensions. The study prefers to use regional categories instead rather than the more predictable but varied group of individual states. The relative inequalities rates are examined so as to allow some cross-regional comparison of inequalities. The study findings depicted that a system’s regional inequality tends to general increase within the kind of geographical scale in which it is located or in which it is observed. The study also found out that there is a very limited but negative association which exists between economic development levels and inequality w
Drug and substance abuse is a critical problem in the United States. The consumption of alcohol and drugs in the United States is often influenced by underlying sociodemographic conditions of individuals (Barkan, 2017). Such use is also justified by the innate psychological, physiological, and social effects of drug use. Historically, some of the most notorious substances, including marijuana, cocaine, and opium, have been linked to multiple societal issues, leading to their regulations and ban (Barkan, 2017). The dependency on mind-altering constituents has been an endearing practice for ages, with alcohol consumption remaining one of the United States’ dominant traditions. For example, rum and beer have been consumed for centuries, dating back to colonial New England (Barkan, 2017). Importantly, alcohol was the most consumed psychoactive substance in the United States until the nineteenth century. Today, alcoholism is increasingly prevalent in the country, requiring proactive and more effective countermeasures. As a consequence, modern society faces adverse effects associated with such consumption. One of the ways increased drug use occurs today is through the advancement of medical technology. Prescription drugs like antidepressants are widely manufactured and misused across the country (Barkan, 2017). The pervasiveness of this use is fueled, in part, by the lack of clarity in distinguishing legal and non-legal drugs. Nonetheless, the negative impact of drugs and alcohol rises annually, given that certain legal drugs pose multiple societal threats. Notably, the gallons of ethanol per capita consumption rate has risen by 4 percent in the last decade (Elflein, 2021), signaling an influx of alcohol abuse, especially among young people. This data indicates a negative correlation between the well-documented health risks associated with excessive chemical addiction.
The connection between money and happiness is an eternal issue which has raised enormous discussions and debates. Through the years people have tried to find out and to prove if money buys or not happiness. This issue became one of the most important issues in a world where the money was gaining more and more power day by day. The term of materialism became very popular among people and gaining money turned into an essential challenge. People become seeking money desperately. All the occurrences through years lead us to think that money really brings happiness. This is only what can we see from the first view because the reality may be really different. The question about money and happiness is not so easy to be answered and there has never been a unique universal answer about it. It is possible to give the right to the ones who think that money can buy happiness. It is proved that people want to take revenues from their activities as more possible. The economists explain that this thought leads only to a logical conclusion. This conclusion is that the more money you have, the happier you must be. This conclusion is not accepted by psychologists who think that wealth brings the happiness only in the moment when it helps the people to pass the poverty but it can do much after that phase. Another argument about this statement is that the growth through the years, especially after the World War II, of the gross domestic products in many states has not always provided happiness to its citizens. Surveys conduced in United States, Japan and Western Europe show clearly that the people who live in these states are not happy although they are supposed to have more money that they had before the war. The best things in life are a good health, a loving family and peace of mind. Many people may have a large house with all the commodities, but they may lack love and harmony within it. Many others may be poor but may have harmony in their homes which makes them see the life more beautiful than it is. Another think very interested to be asked is that why money does not bring happiness. People’s happiness is directly connected with their health, their success in marriage and of course with the well-being of their children. The happiness consists in elements like that. It does not come from nothing. If we have money but we do not have all that, it is very likely for us to be unhappy. Thinking about earning money people forgets doing other activities from which they acquire pleasure. They are likely to spend more time working and as a result they do not pay attention to other things very important in life. They forget thinking about love and affection. A greater income is the only think that concerns them. People who think like use to spend a lot of time in passive leisure such as TV or simply relax meanwhile they forget active leisure such as exercise. If one’s life
Education greatly depends on the changes made in social structures, economy and technology. Educational programs are focused on developing skills that enable students to successfully cope with these changes. Consequently, one could not but notice improvements in K-12 and adult learning programs. Learning on the ground of K-12 adult education is based on lifelong learning program. The program goal is to educate learners who could fit in the flexible global standards. For example, in heutagogy, a student develops learning competencies and capabilities that will enable him/her to adapt him/herself to the constantly changing world economy of knowledge. In achieving this goal, students have been exposed to independent learning system. Adult learners are able to cope with heutagogy following andragogy programs. In andragogy, learning environment is controlled by a facilitator or instructor. It is the work of the instructor to provide learning resources and guidelines to the student. The instructors fully develop learning path and determine how various learning areas will be covered and assessed. This environment creates an avenue for heutology learning, since it forms the basics of reflection and problem solving (Shton & Elliot, 2007). Consequently, self-reflection and single-loop knowledge acquisition in andragogy gives way to the double loop in the heutagogy. Heutagogy exposes students to problem solving; assists them to reflect and come up with the appropriate solution for the outcomes. The goal is to model students so that they are able to overcome word challenges. Ways of developing solution methods are originally inherited from andragogy, which exposes the student to similar situations with the help of instructor. K-12 adult learning commonly tests the student’s assumptions and values as central factors influencing learning environment. Andragogy prepares the student for independency (Merriam, Caffarella & Baumgartner, 2006). Capability among the students in heutagogy programs has been instilled through ensuring they develop learning knowledge and reflect upon their courses through instructor guidance in andragogy. The pillars of heutagogy are communication and teamwork skills. The student develop these skills in the andragogy under instructor’s guidance. The students are taught in andragogy classes to be cr
Some insects, commonly known as water striders, can move on the surface of the water without using a flight or floatation mechanism or sinking. The capacity is only observed in insects, although specific other living creatures can imitate the same result through a different method. The primary mechanic responsible for making the traversal possible is known as surface tension. This report details the particulars of the phenomenon and notes other methods used by animals to propel themselves across the water. Surface tension is a phenomenon in which the outer layer of a liquid is more cohesive than the rest. According to “Surface Tension,” the interaction is caused by molecular forces, which are more focused due to the presence of fewer adjacent molecules. Then the hydrophobic legs of water striders resist submersion, and the gravity affecting the insect is insufficient to overcome the tension’s resistance and sink it (Suter). Larger animals cannot copy the approach because their mass increases faster than their surface area, but Konkel notes that some of them can use surface tension to traverse short distances on the water by repeatedly slapping it. The method is highly energy-intensive, and only water striders can stay on top of the water for extended periods of time. The ability of water striders to stay on the surface is explained by their small weight, water-repellent limbs, and the surface tension of water. The resistance of the water to the disruption that would be caused by the insect’s sinking is greater than the gravity pushing it down. Other animals are unable to replicate the phenomenon due to their higher ratio of mass to the surface, but they can use different approaches to traverse water. Ultimately, only water striders can stay on top of the water and live there throughout their lives. Works Cited Konkel, Lindsey. “ How Do Animals Walk on Water? ” LiveScience . 2010. Web. “ Surface Tension. ” Georgia State University. Web. Suter, Robert B. “ How Is It Possible for Insects and Spiders to Walk on Water or Walls? ” Scientific American. Web.
The accounting summary report for the Lemonade stand business is focused on the first six business days. The accounting summary report will discuss the journal, income statement and balance sheet, three key documents that a business has to have in order to perform its operations. Journal The journal for the Lemonade stand business is generated from the data from the first six days of operations. The journal shows the summary of all the transactions conducted by the business and shows the ending balances of all the accounts held by the business. The first transaction is the investment of capital by the owners on the first day, which increases owners’ equity by $50 and increases cash by the same margin. The purchase of equipment by on credit increases the accounts payable by 413.75, and increases inventory by the same amount. The other transaction that appears dominant in the journal is the sale of lemonade, which increases cash and reduces the inventory held. The reduction in inventory is transferred to an expense account by debiting the cost of goods sold account and crediting the inventories so that the inventories reduce and the relevant expenses are charged in the relevant accounting period. After all the transactions have been recorded in the journal, the transactions are transferred to a general ledger, T-accounts, which record the transactions in the independent records for each account. Balance sheet The balance sheet for the Lemonade stand business is got from the data in the journal and the general ledger; and is a summary of the final figures for the account held by the Lemonade stand business. The balance sheet data shows that the final cash account has a balance of $185.90, which is a figure got after adding all the revenues that come from the business and subtracting the cash outflows; expenses and purchases. The other item in the balance sheet is the inventory, which shows a final figure of $10.05, which is the final figure after all sales, purchases and replacement of inventory has been done. After cash and inventory have been added up, the fixed assets are added to the balance sheet, which, in this case study, are the assets that the stand has. The equipment for the lemonade stand is valued at $9.00, a figure that is found after adding up all purchases of equipment that the stand possesses. Liabilities that the lemonade stand has are accounts payable, which are realized when the lemonade stand makes purchases on credit. The liabilities are than added to the owners’ equity, which is in itself a summation of the owner capital and retained earnings (Brownfield, 2007). The owners’ equity is a total of $165.95, which, when added to the liabilities worth $39.00, come up to a total of $204.95, which is equal to the total assets held by the firm. Income statement The income statement for the Lemonade stand business is made up of two figures, the revenues from sales and expenses relating to the cost of inventory used by the firm (Brownfield, 2007). The net income from the income statement is realized after subtracting the expenses from the revenues, and for the lemonade stand business, the revenues are $185.90 and expe
Total Revenue and Total Cost Curves Any firm aims at maximizing the quantity of profits made from any business deal. However, amount of profits that a firm can get from production of commodities is determined by the difference between total revenue and total costs. The higher the difference between total revenue and total costs, the higher the amount of profits. In this regard, total revenue and total cost curves are very crucial in determining the quantity of commodities to be produced (Talent, 2010d). Total revenue curve plots the total revenue that can be earned by any given quantity of production while total cost curve plots the average total costs for producing any given quantity. As it can be seen from the graph above, quantity Q’ is the breakeven quantity. At this point, the firm makes neither loss nor profit. This is the point where the total cost curve and the total revenue curve meet. However, producing quantities higher than Q’ increases profit while producing quantities fewer that Q’ reduces profits (Talent, 2010d). Nevertheless, increase in production can only increase profits as long as marginal revenue is greater that marginal cost. Increase in marginal costs is responsible for the eventual increase in total costs. Sunk Costs Sunk costs are the costs, both monetary and otherwise, that are incurred when one is setting up an investment and which cannot be retrieved in the future. It is important to note that sunk costs cannot be shifted from one commodity or investment opportunity to another. When making business decisions, sunk costs should not be considered. This is because sunk costs will not in any way increase or decrease current or future output (Talent, 2010c). On the contrary, sunk costs were only necessary in the past and nothing can be done to save them. For example, having unproductive employees in a firm is a costly venture because a firm will continue incurring costs on the employees yet they do not perform. The costs that have been used in training the employees as well as their salaries cannot be claimed from them. In this regard, these costs should be considered as sunk costs and decision made to fire the employees and hire others who will be productive. The same case will apply for a piece of machinery that is not up to expectation though it was expensive to acquire (Talent, 2010c). In a nutshell, any decisions made should not take sunk costs into consideration. Production Possibility Curves There are very many production alternatives available to choose from. Given the scarcity of resources available, allocation of resources in production of a particular commodity means that there are fewer resources available for production of other
Executive Summary Many experts in the field of security acknowledge that the United States’ power grid supports all aspects of the country’s economy. The electric power system carries high voltages from central generators to millions of consumers, factories, and industries in different cities and rural areas across this nation. The system is characterized by numerous transmission lines spanning thousands of miles. Unfortunately, the electric grid is currently unguarded against any form of terrorist attack or threat. The lessons gained from the 2000 US Northeast Blackout catalyzed various strategies to protect the country’s power grid from potential disruption. Some of the measures introduced focused on physical protection and automation systems. The government has employed competent engineers and professionals to protect the country’s power grid from attacks. However, this paper acknowledges that most of the initiatives put in place do not provide superior safeguards against potential threats from terrorists and criminals. The presented recommendations include the introduction of superior physical measures and the implementation of advanced cybersecurity systems. The paper also supports the importance of human resources since it can ensure that there are competent engineers and programmers to protect the country’s power grid. The government should, therefore, consider the presented insights and ideas to safeguard the integrity and efficiency of this critical infrastructure. Introduction Every country has vital resources and systems that support economic development and the welfare of its citizens. These are known as “critical infrastructures,” and every government should safeguard them against any form of attack or damage. Some of the potential sources of threats include natural disasters, cyber threats, and terrorist activities. In countries such as the United States, security agencies focus on the highest standards to maximize preparedness, recovery, response, and protection. Due to the changes experienced in different parts of the world, most of the critical infrastructures have become connected than ever before. This new structure has catalyzed numerous security challenges. This research paper examines and presents numerous ideas that all responsible critical infrastructure organizations should consider to protect the United States’ power grid from different threats, including terrorism. Background Information The concept of national security currently focuses on various initiatives and practices many government agencies undertake to protect lives and safeguard critical infrastructures from potential threats. Goel, Hong, Papakonstantinou, and Kloza (2015) define “critical infrastructure” as any form of system or asset that supports the functions and operations of a given nation and its economy. The destruction or damage of a given crit