ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The market principles are very complicated, but there are always rules according to which different generic marketing principles are formed. Pricing is one of the market principles, which is impossible to control absolutely (if it is not an absolute monopoly market) as there are always a lot of factors which influence the price construction. Samsung is one of the world famous brands, which offers its products according to the pricing policy which exists. The prices of the products are influenced by a lot of different factors, starting with direct and indirect costs and finishing with customer’s preferences and brand name. Theoretical Foundations In general, there are two main methods of pricing, which are used by all companies according to the basic article by Avlonitis and Indounas (2005). These methods of pricing are the cost-plus method and the pricing according to the market’s average prices. The names tell for themselves and these methods are the most convenient on the market price. Research Findings Samsung is the company which is famous for its electronic products, more over it is world brand, but the pricing policy of Samsung Company is influenced by other companies and the Samsung prices also influence the prices of other companies, as they are in constant interconnection. The example is the interconnection of Samsung and Sony prices may be suitable here. Samsung places the price of $150 for some item. Sony changes its price for $130 per unite. When Samsung changes its price, Sony will also make it higher. This is called the concept of maximization of profit (Jagpal & Jagpal, 2008, p. 377). The other method, which is used by the Samsung Company, is the brand name usage. People mostly buy products of the companies with the brand name rather than the products of other unknown companies, especially in the field of electronics. People’s consideration is that brand companies can be trusted and the quality of them is higher. So, it may be said that brand name is one of the methods of companies’ pricing (McNeilly, 2008). The customers’ likes and dislikes may also influence the pricing of Samsung Company as the named customer is customer led and the wishes and desires of the customers are followed. The customer interest in this or that model may be the factor whether to higher or lower the price, as well as to keep the price unchangeable (Kotler, 2006). The main pricing method which is used by many companies, and Samsung Company is not the exception, is the quality characteristic products (Liegey & Shepler, 2000). The company takes into consideration the level o
Abstract Lucy Parsons was a woman who stood up for social justice. She fought against the government for equal rights and urged people to think and be educated. She was a believer in anarchism and thought that it was the means to liberty and freedom. She advocated women’s rights and as long as there is a person who fights for humanity today, Lucy Parsons will always be alive in the spirit. Thinking She was dubbed more dangerous than a thousand rioters by the Chicago Police department. She was a truly remarkable woman and full of revolutionary ideas. She believed that education was necessary in every person’s life and only then they could make proper decisions about the world. She was against campaigning for elections because she thought that people should earn their votes through their ideas and their standing and not by begging people. She was against racial discrimination and carried out protests that focused on social justice. Her main idea was that a government oppressed the monitory and that anarchism was the way to fight back. The government back in the day was not as democratic as it is today because it did not include everyone in the right of passage called The Constitution of the United States. If we observe up till now the original documents with words such as “man and his liberty…” and “all men created equal..” are still unchanged in major documents. The Equal Rights Amendment has been to congress several times and never passed. Her basis of anarchism was that people should think for themselves before following a superficial and unjust law. She believed that people should research and prove the wrongs right otherwise there would be no human development. Anarchism Lucy Parsons believes that people are “governed best when [they] are governed least.” She believes that anarchism is liberty that allows human progress. She believes that in anarchism a person has complete freedom to think, to progress, and to investigate matters. Unlike democracy or any form of government where the majority rules, anarchism is for everyone and not just the majority. Nothing is set in stone; everything can be investigated and proved false with the right evidence. Her principles of anarchism are a way to guarantee human progression and not be bound by laws that are unfavorable and biased. Her idea of a government was false because it bound people to the majority’s decision – a majority that would often crush the lives of the minority. She criticized laws and legal documents such as the constitution because they were accepted by everyone without any objections. The constitution at the time was not in favor of African Americans or women. The only person that the constitution looked out for was the white male. She thought this kind of business was a threat to human d
Whenever individuals come to the United States, they have many expectations. I will inform my friend on how to live a decent life while here. First, it is advisable to embrace the cross-cultural adaptation aspects. Whereby, one has to learn how different cultures coexist in this country, especially in school. This enables individuals to relate well to their peers. For instance, Americans value their privacy so much (Lanier & Davis, 20). Most importantly, one should retain his own culture while at the same time acclimatize to his new setting. It is advisable not to feel frustrated and threatened in any way, in fact, learning and understanding American English facilitates better communication. Furthermore, for one to pursue his education comfortably he should adhere to college bureaucracies. While in America, one should make new friends and avoid self-isolation. Moreover, maintaining regular communication with family and friends back home is extremely imperative. The U.S has many career opportunities; thus, individuals should get involved in extracurricular activities. This is because they may find additional or alternative careers to pursue (Hawkinson & Clark, 45). Works Cited Hawkinson, Ani. & Clark, Raymond. Living in the United States . Vermont, VT: Pro Lingua Associates, 2006. Print. Lanier, Alison. & Davis, Jeff. Living in the U.S.A . Maine, ME: Intercultural Press. 2005. Print.
Gilgamesh is considered to be one of the oldest pieces of art in the literary world. The story of Gilgamesh is a wonderful opportunity to go back for more than five thousands years ago and learn past cultures, interests, demands, and beliefs. This story may serve as one of the most powerful examples of how recorded human thoughts influenced the current state of affairs and how the secret of immortality became the cherished dreams for human beings. The vast majority of people are still eager to participate in the hunt for immortality, this is why this source becomes more valuable where the results of such hunts are perfectly described. The significance of Gilgamesh is evident indeed due to the variety of factors: this work is still regarded as one of the earliest literary works that are known to the reader, this is a captivating source about the events of the Great Flood and human beliefs, and finally, this story shows the reader the way of how life, death, and people’s realization have to be united. General facts about Gilgamesh story. Gilgamesh was a famous king of Uruk in the middle of 2700 B.C. He made a wonderful attempt to build a wall in order to protect his people against the enemies, envy, and other sources of evil. The actions of this kind attracted the attention of many readers. The oldest civilization tried to take leading positions and prove their rights to existence. The Great Flood, the ideas of immortality, the grounds of friendship, and eternal memory – all these are the crucial points in the story. Gilgamesh and his friend Enkidu united their powers and skills in order to participate in numerous adventures and achieve success; however, everything that Gilgamesh was able to achieve was memories and recognition but never immortality. Gilgamesh as an epic poem and the oldest literary work. To comprehend why the poem about Gilgamesh is still of such great importance, it is necessary to clear up what makes it epic, what characteristics of an epic poem are inherent to the story first of all, and what the impact of this story is for the rest literary works. An epic poem is a kind of a work that is written in elevated language and devoted to the actions of one traditional hero. The characteristics of any epic poem that have to be mentioned are the following: a clearly defined story; a hero that is supported by people; hero’s searching for love, a friend, a relative, immortality, or treasure; gods, who are able to influence the development of the events and human lives; and, finally, a historical message that helps the reader to grasp his/her own place in this world and his/her possible heritage. Gilgamesh is one of the examples that have all the above-mentioned characteristics. Some people may argue that the text of Gilgamesh is usually presented in prose; however, we should admit that this story is too old, and the original text that was written in the form of epic poem is hard to find. “The history of the epic itself begins
Types of Cost Analysis: Comparison Type of Analysis             Measurement of Consequences                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Cost-minimization analysis   It is used to assess the differences in costs between similar interventions. This tool provides a partial economic analysis because it does not take into account the consequences of interventions. However, in terms of calculating the initial expenditures, cost-minimization analysis can become a useful part of the decision-making process as it helps identify the cheapest option (World Health Organization [WHO], 2017).                                                                                                                                                           Cost-effectiveness analysis  It is meant to analyze several interventions/projects that have the same goal (e.g., reduced blood pressure in patients, lower mortality rates, etc.). A distinctive feature of this method is that the expected results are expressed in unified natural units. The economic effects of an intervention increase when the cost-effectiveness ratio decreases and the coefficient “effect per unit of costs” increases (WHO, 2017).                                                                                                                                                            Cost-utility analysis        The tool helps measure intervention consequences in a monetary form. By using this method, it is possible to directly compare incremental costs with incremental intervention results, which are expressed in any type of financial units, e.g., US dollars. Moreover, it is possible to analyze interventions aimed at achieving qualitatively different results. For example, one may evaluate projects aimed at reducing mortality from the disease, improving the quality of life, increasing the percentage of successful surgical operations, etc. (Jakubiak-Lasocka & Jakubczyk, 2014). Cost-benefit analysis        Within the given framework, the results are evaluated in quality-adjusted life years (QALY) and/or disability-adjusted life years (DALY). This analytical tool can be regarded as a special form of cost-effectiveness analysis. However, compared to it, the cost-utility analysis provides opportunities to examine different projects aimed to increase the quality of life and longevity. This advantage is especially important when it is necessary to choose one of several alternatives due to financial constraints (WHO, 2017).                                                       Cost Minimization vs. Cost-Effectiveness Analyse
In the short story Roman Fever , women characters are depicted as loving and sympathetic mothers, but Edith Wharton criticizes their traditional social roles unveiling low morals and desire to gain public recognition at any price. Roman Fever depicts that role of women in society is limited by public opinion and traditions which force women to lose their moral values and human dignity to gain recognition and high social appraisal. Thesis Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley belong to a high social class and are faced with similar life challenges, but possess different moral values and ethical principles. Mrs. Ansley and Mrs. Slade grew up in Manhattan, New York, and are influenced by the social morals and values of their social class. Wharton comments: “The similarity of their lot had again drawn them together, lending itself to mild jokes” (Wharton n.d). Both women are widows of the same age with grown-up daughters, Jenny and Barbara. The theme of widowhood helps Wharton to unmask contradiction arisen in the society and criticize the dependence of women upon their husbands. Wharton vividly portrays that women mean nothing as social members without their husbands. “In living up to such a husband all her faculties had been engaged; now she had only her daughter to live up to” (Wharton). In reality, both women find themselves defeated by the social norms they have. Wharton unveils that their society had been solid and secure up to the moment their husbands were alive. To some extent, this short story shows a parody of the happy ending when women are faced with the realities of life after the death of their husbands. The main difference is found in appearance and moral values possessed by Mrs. Ansley and Mrs. Slade. Mrs. Ansley is more attractive and cleverer than Mrs. Slade. When they were young ladies, they fell in love with the same man, Delphin. Many years ago Mrs. Slade betrayed her to secure her marriage which meant a high social position. Mrs. Slade recollects: “And I remember laughing to myself all that evening at the idea that you were waiting around there in the dark” (Wharton). Wharton criticizes that only marriage can preserve the vital social values of stability, continuity, and propriety. Through the character of Mrs. Slade, Wharton depicts that a high social position and a famous husband cannot guarantee high moral standards and self-respect, because the woman becomes obsessed with a fear of loose everything she has. The low morals of Mrs. Slade are a direct result of her social role which is limited by motherhood and domesticity. Mrs. Slade is depicted as a selfish and dishonorable woman who betrayed her best friend. It is possible to say that passion and romance, heated by envy, forced Mrs. Slade to betray her friend to gain a high social position. “After all, I had everything; I had him for
Introduction One of the most significant burdens transgender people experience is the recognition of their identity. The lack of accurate documents among transgender individuals can affect various spheres of their lives, including such vital areas as emergency housing. With the help of proper ID, it is easier to obtain official recognition in legal and social settings (Levasseur, 2015). Also, accurate IDs help to minimize discrimination, violence, and harassment. Without identification, transgender people cannot travel, register for important facilities, or access public services. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the situation with transgender individuals’ access to gaining documents. Various obstacles to such a process exist, the major one being the demand of some states to produce evidence of medical transition. The problem is that many transgender people do not want to undergo such a transformation. Thus, requiring this of them is the deprivation of their rights. Another difficulty is that the operation is extremely expensive, and many people cannot afford it even if they want to have it done. Another difficulty for ID transition may be the fee for processing new documents, which is time-consuming and costly. While the US had made some attempts to simplify the process of changing identity for transgender people, there are still many unresolved issues. For instance, Levasseur (2015) notes that the rules for changing gender-marker designations are complicated. In many cases, one can only change the gender marker on some IDs, such as passport or driver’s license. Meanwhile, other documents, including a birth certificate or a Medicaid card, remain unchanged (Levasseur, 2015). It is highly crucial to draw legislators’ attention to this problem since transgender people should have the right to change their identity if that makes them feel more secure and confident. Main body Although some attempt
If asking any person who is suffering from alcoholism whether it is a disease or not, mostly, the immediate answer that will follow is going to be no. The same question asked to a person who is receiving treatment from alcoholism will result in a positive answer. Considering alcoholism a disease has been a hot issue for debates in America since the 18 th century (Hobbs) and continues up to the present time. The discussion is still going on due to the fact that, alcoholism does not fit under the conventional “standards” of a disease, where the general opinion is deeming it as an addictive behavior. In that sense, alcoholism is denied the status of the disease despite being accepted by scientists and medical commissions as a chronic, progressing, and even fatal illness, which as in any disease has a particular course and symptoms. In that regard, this paper analyzes the different opinions regarding this issue, being a subject that draws continuous debates. How Does the Second Party Try to Tell the Public That Alcoholism Isn’t A Disease? Hector Colchado doesn’t consider Alcoholism a disease. In his argument, he starts by mentioning the definition of a disease, where according to him, a disease is “a medical condition, a specific disorder and a considered problem in society, which is based on the general view from a political and medical
The author presents the theme through the character of Jerry. Jerry has three siblings, Armand his eldest brother and Yvette and Yolande who are his sisters. Their parents take care of them, although Armand and Jerry work part time to supplement their father’s income (p 1). As the story begins, Jerry does not understand the importance of the family when compared to material possessions. He saves money meant for his fare to the movies so that he can buy chewing gums and get the picture of Ken Maynard. His hard work and savings earn him thirty five cents which he intends to spend on the purchase of the chewing gums. At the same time, his father’s birthday is near, and they are to contribute a small amount so that they can buy their father a gift. The other siblings contribute a dime each, but Jerry is stubborn and obsessed with the pictures, he contributes a nickel. This is not enough and thus, after much pressure from Armand, he contributes a dime but still retains the extra twenty cents (p 2). Jerry describes his elder brother has a stranger because he always makes his own rules and regulations and even sides with both mum and dad in decision making. Jerry proceeds to purchase the chewing gum but finds out that the company will no longer manufacture them. Disappointed, he hurries back home and finds his brother and sisters have already gone uptown to purchase a gift for their father. He peddles his bike fast, but he is still late and finds they have already bought their father a tie for a present. Jerry feels naked and exposed since he has betrayed his brother and father. Armand is dignified when talking to him. He tells him that at least he has learnt a lesson (p 3). The lesson he learns is valuing his family more than material possessions. The same way their dad paid and took his sisters for piano lessons even though, it was during the depression. Jerry becomes more caring and considerate to his family. He even begins to understand his elder brother whom he had earlier referred to as a stranger. Jerry changes both in character and emotionally; character wise he becomes determined to find the complete set of the presidents’ picture, and he is willing to cycle to a new town to find the pictures missing in his set, emotionally he understands his brother’s feelings of love after finding the letter addressed to Sally and wonders why people actually fall in love. Although he is young, he argues that love is just a folly, and he hates it as it makes someone depressed (p 4). Different family
Introduction Thousands of soldiers serve, protecting their country from all types of threats, and ensuring its security. Unfortunately, not all people value such care, and instead of showing respect, they are prejudiced. The purpose of this essay is to study the impact of the problem of insufficient respect for military families on society and individuals and to find solutions to this issue. Main body Although military men are strong personalities, their relatives are often affected by many factors. In addition to high army demands and trials, the family has to cope with common everyday problems, such as financial ones (Trail et al. 2132). People do not show respect to military households for many reasons, one of which is a banal lack of knowledge about the army. Other people do not respect military families, believing that they are in a privileged position. All this translates into prejudices about such families, which only increase the complexity of life for the defenders of the country. Soldiers should be in the most comfortable conditions to fulfill their duty as efficiently as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the number of negative factors affecting them. This problem can be solved, first of all, by increasing the education of people and disseminating accurate information about military families. It is necessary to raise the prestige of the army, forming the image of heroic defenders. Advertising campaigns should be conducted that tell about the hardships of life for the military and their families to attract public attention to this problem. As an alternative method, this difficulty can also be solved by providing support to military relations from the state. At the moment, there are many diverse programs to support military families. However, many of them require improvement and a more focused approach, which at the moment cannot be achieved due to a lack of data (Trail et al. 2130). Hence, by supporting households and eliminating weaknesses, the state can make military families more durable, which will also help improve their image in society. Conclusion Thus, in the modern community, there is a problem of disrespect for military families. It can be solved in several ways: either by social or state methods. However, regardless of the program, this issue should be addressed and resolved as soon as possible, since its negative impact affects not only the military itself but also indirectly affect the whole country. Work Cited Trail, Thomas, et al. “Patterns of vulnerabilities and resources in US military families.” Journal of Family Issues, vol. 38, no. 15, 2017, pp. 2128-2149.