ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Dear Mr. Mayer, I am Karl Heinrich Marx and I’m drawn by your song ‘Waiting on the world to change’.The time has come for you to abandon the back seat and embrace the pragmatic mode of life. You have all in means within you to change the world, let nobody tell you “otherwise”. Also, don’t think otherwise, a deed done is far much useful than a deed thought. The greatest means at your disposal is your simple act of defiance to the system, break away from the mundane lifestyle and chart a new path of equality, liberation, and empowerment. It may be a lonely path but it is certainly worth it for the betterment of humanity. Others will tell you that time is not right, but time is never right, that is why you have to make it right. The upper class owns the television stations we are all glued to. They keep away from us the hard-hitting societal issues like poverty, social inequity, economic and political ideologies. Switch off the TV and start thinking. An informed society is one that thinks and discusses its issues rather than sitting and accepting issues. Time is also running out, the act of waiting without putting any actions is futile. The world has been waiting too long for a change in ideology. Remember, in times of need, silence is betrayal. Inform your neighbors and let them inform other neighbors that it is their collective action that will stamp out the master-slave economic mentality and mode of life. Beware that the people who own the means to production will not like this, so tread with care. Our society can only change if we make a transition from a class society to a classless society where every person is equal and the means of production are owned by the state. We are in a constant struggle between the bourgeoisie and the laborers. This tension is only quelled by the transient silence but one day it will rupture and you need to have a stand when that day comes. Take charge, capitalism will not last long; the society is getting fed up with a system that benefits a few and is controlled by a few, though unfortunately, revolutions are inevitable. The modern working class is the most progressive force for revolution. Familiarize yourself with them and spread the word. If we stick only to our philosophical selves, we will have the same position, because ideas need to be implemented for being able to bring any good. We posses our actual and potential selves, don’t alienate the potential self. I don’t doubt the human capacity to transform the world. I’m concerned with the willingness. Giving up on this course is tantamount to alienating yourself from nature. The group that owns the means to the production of commodities also owns the production of ideas. So don’t be surprised if your fellow musicians hold ideas that are contrary to their interests. We live in an unequal society and the balance needs to be titled in favor of the masses. The accumulation of wealth reshapes the social system. You have opposing interests with the people who own the means of livelihood. They want to maximize wealth, and we want to maximize our ability to decide on our destiny.
Research Questions One of the most recent surveys by the U.S Department of State indicates that approximately 50% of the American population is actively involved in social networking. However, existing data is inconclusive on the extent to which social networking, especially twitter, has an influence on social perception (Ridout 2013, p.48). This research therefore seeks to quantify the influence of Twitter as a perception driver by evaluating the use of Twitter as a source of information and sentiment. In particular, this research will focus on the 2012 U.S. presidential election campaigns and seek to explore the impact of the tweets disseminated by Barrack Obama and Mitt Romney Twitter accounts on their supporters and on swing voters (Ridout 2013, p.46). It is hypothesized that Twitter played a major role in consolidating votes by underscoring the agenda of the candidates and this proposal therefore seeks to answer the following questions:  1. To what extent did Twitter influence the results of the 2012 presidential election?  2. Which presidential candidate benefited the most from using Twitter?  3. To what extent is the effect of Twitter to particular demographic such as age, gender, ethnicity, race and religion?  4. How far has Twitter as a campaign device penetrated society with regard message segmentation as compared to previous campaign years? Topic Description In America today two thirds of all social network users are now using twitter which is now not only limited to the youths but has also being adopted by older people as a social network tool. Recent statistics show that 35% of Americans who are 65 years old and above use twitter (Krugman 2009, p.212). There is a change in the age bracket of Twitter users which was initially composed of individuals aged between age 30 and 40 but in the recent years, the population is now composed of young people in their 20’s and teens. It is true that the 2012 elections campaigns were greatly discussed on Twitter, however not everyone who is on Twitter is interested in political campaigns (Ridout 2013, p.51). Most of them indulge in socializing with friends thus reducing the percentage of those engaging in political discourse via Twitter to 39%. Nonetheless, despite the low percentage of Twitter users who engage in politics, this group is able to indulge their friends who are not interested in politics into discussions and even argues their views increasing the total percentage to those interested in political talk by 16% (Giuliani 2007, p.20). There has been a positive move towards effective use of Twitter as campaign handle but sadly 18% of Twitter users have dropped their accounts as a result of friends who tweet too much politics and/or do not agree with the users’ point of view. The research on the effects of Twitter as a campaign strategy has been put under observation since 2000 (Tocqueville 2000, p.95). In the past years the use of internet to campaign was ignored and other channels like television and radio were prioritized but in the year 2008 th
Introduction Children have a lot to learn, and when at the right age, they are taken to kindergarten school, where they start to pursue education. Today, parents in the United States introduce their children to pre-schooling before kindergarten admission to have the upper hand in class. The pre-exposure to schooling makes the students conversant with learning; thus, while the newly admitted students who have no pre-schooling start from scratch, the other schooled students are way ahead in classwork. The decision to pre-school children by other parents led to the writing of this action research proposal. Is it beneficial for students to have prior schooling before entering kindergarten at public schools? PPR Competency Pre-school is beneficial to students learning and academic achievements; however, most parents do not know about it. I asked my friends if their families implemented pre-schooling on their homestead, and only a few were familiar with this practice. Despite its benefits, I am convinced that pre-schooling is not practiced because of a lack of awareness. The teachers who tutor the children should be able to relate well and understand how to maximize the benefits of pre-schooling. Competency 001 of “Pedagogy and Professional Responsibilities” states that a teacher should acknowledge the stages of human development and apply them to plan instructions and assessments that are respective to their developmental needs, characteristics, and student motivation. Teachers need to understand the development stage of a child to maximize pre-schooling. Description of the Problem The problem that needs addressing is whether it is beneficial to have pre-schooling before entering kindergarten in public schools. Some students are beneficiaries of this early schooling, while others have suffered late admission into kindergarten. When the child starts to talk and understand words, the child can learn. Early introduction to learning enhances the development of the child as a thinker. Children who start learning early before others are better positioned to communicate and comprehend information quickly. Pre-schooling makes children exposed to new ideas and concepts, thus becoming familiar with and starting to apply them, such as counting numbers and greetings. The familiarity allows the student to understand and use, thus becoming more active in the classroom. Pre schooling makes students confident in themselves compared to those who start schooling in kindergarten. The students who had no pre-school tend to be shy as they are afraid to make mistakes. The concern is on the instructional strategies as the educators get the opportun
The claim that will be investigated in the present paper is “If someone confesses to a crime, they must definitely have committed that crime.” This topic is both interesting and important for specialists working in the field of psychology and criminology. The issue is compelling because the majority of people agree with the claim. Thus, it will be curious to analyze the evidence and find out whether those agreeing with the claim are right. The topic is highly significant since, in case the claim is inaccurate, the fairness of many individuals’ imprisonment could be doubted. Summary of Articles The articles selected for the analysis were located with the help of search phrases “coercive confession,” “criminal suspect,” and “interrogation technique.” The search was limited in time by the last five years. Also, the methodology “empirical study” was chosen to receive the most relevant results. The articles are trustworthy and reliable since they come from peer-reviewed journals. A detailed analysis of sources is provided below. Article 1 The first source under consideration is focused on the role of demeanor in criminal suspects’ evaluation (Douglass, Ray, Hasel, & Donnelly, 2016). There is no indication of the study’s funding, but it is possible to assume that it was promoted by educational establishments in which the authors who conducted experiments work. The publication was peer-reviewed. Additionally, two of four authors performed the function of scientific advisors to the other two. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the study was reviewed at internal and external levels. In their study, Douglass et al. (2016) conducted two experiments. There were 60 participants in experiment 1 and 147 participants in experiment 2. No data on contributors’ gender or race were offered. What concerns age, it is possible to assume that they were between 18 and 25 years old since it was mentioned that all of them were college and university students. The participants were recruited by their professors in exchange for partial course credit. In the first experiment, before watching the video, participants read a scenario of a case. There were two versions of the scenario, and it was expected that students’ reactions would be manipulated by the differences in scenarios. The two options were flat and emotional demeanor expectations. Then, participants watched a video and answered the questions “Is the suspect guilty?” and “Should the investigator pursue the suspect?” In the second experiment, students were randomly allocated for reading one of six versions of a court case summary. Then, they answered the question, “I
Book Report Victimization is the aspect of exploiting someone through the use of various approaches (Geberth, 2004). A victimization is a form of crime that causes much pain to the victim and the people around him or her. The victimization that is narrated in the book involves a young adult who was kidnapped at the age of 14 years (Smart, 2013). The victim was an ordinary student at that time and her kidnapping raised many concerns about insecurity in her neighborhood. The ordeal took place in the early morning of June 3, 2003. She was sleeping in the same bedroom with her younger sister when the kidnapper, Brain Mitchell, went to their room and threatened to kill her using a knife (Smart, 2013). The kidnapper led the victim out of the house and they walked for several hours until they met the kidnapper’s wife, Wanda Barzee, who was waiting for them in the forest. The victim was raped, starved and subjected to all kinds of bad things by her kidnapper for nine months. Thus, the patterns of abuse that followed the kidnapping could be summarized as neglect, physical abuse and mental abuse. Finally, she was rescued and joined her family (Smart, 2013). There are about four theories that have been used to describe the various reasons for victimization. The victim precipitation theory argues that it is the victim who initiates victimization either actively or passively. Passive precipitation occurs when the victim shows attributes that encourage the attacker (Geberth, 2004). With regard to the victimization in the book, it can be argued that the victim exhibited behaviors that led the attacker to identify and follow her so that he could kidnap her. In fact, kidnappers may take quite some time before they identify their targets. For example, they need to ascertain where their targets could be living, going to school and/or attending social events, among others (Smart, 2013). The successes of the young lady in the book could have motivated Mitchell to kidnap her. Smart was successful at an early age. In fact, it is stated that she used to perform at weddings, an act that could have made her so popular. Also, she was very bright in school. To illustrate this, the author contends that, the day before the attack, the victim had received several gifts at school due to her excellent academic performance. Therefore, her successes could have made her a target for the attacker. On the other hand, active precipitation occurs when the victim threatens the attacker. This type of precipitation occurs with regard to raping of women. For example, if women dress provocatively, then they increase the chances of being targeted by rapists. Also, they could attract rapists by acting in some ways that suggest intimacy. With regard to
Introduction iPhone has revolutionized the cell phone technology elevating it to a whole new level. It has set the standards so high that other mobile phone companies have no choice but to upgrade their products in order to survive in the dynamic and ever changing technological age. It utilizes internet protocol to perform its tasks most of which are time and space consuming in their operations (Krugler 19). iPhone success has been proven by its popularity and performance in the mobile phone market. Apple has made a remarkable gain from the sale of the iPhone since its first release. Since its introduction into the market, iPhone has dominated over the cell phone market and maintained its demand by continuously upgrading its models. It is also designed such that it is possible to run the operating systems of the new models into the older models. This enables its users to enjoy upgraded systems on their phones without having to purchase a new model phone. Apple offers a free utility referred to as the iPhone configuration utility which lets you create and install configuration profiles and provisioning profiles (Landau 139). This utility has general trouble shooting related features that are important even to the non-enterprise population. Its unique software and hardware also allows you to create an application that enables the users to perform tasks that may not be possible with a laptop computer (Goldstein 12). However, this is not to mean that it can entirely replace the personal computer. The iPhone applications generally allow for internet access. Its operating system and hardware allows you to determine the device location through GPS and also has tracking and motion detectors that can register its movement. The iPhone also support
Image 1. Free Trade and Protection (“Free Trade and Protection”). The selected image describes the difference between free trade and the politics of protectionism. It was first created and published by Currier & Ives. in 1888 in New York (“Free Trade and Protection”). The creator’s viewpoint on free trade is negative, and its represented in the picture. In the first part, the husband comes home with no food, money and poorly dressed as there are no opportunities to earn due to the dominance of free trade. However, the second part represents a man sharing money and food with the family as a protective tariff provide him with employment opportunities and changes to support all his close people. In such a way, the given image with created with the primary goal to show the negative impact of free trade on local workers and manufacturers. Because of the absence of governmental regulations and protection, people might suffer from the influx of other actors and lose all chances to sell their products or work. For this reason, households might suffer and experience the lack of products needed to support their living. However, the image demonstrates the outdated and irrelevant view on free trade and tries to ensure that protectionism is the only option to ensure stability. It can be viewed as a false assumption as it also might destroy rivalry and equal access to markets. Image 2. Trade War Victims (Luojie). The second selected media is a cartoon depicting the main victims of trade wars. It is created by the artist Luojie to outline the current reality and show the real effects of barriers that are created by the government. The creator’s view point is evident as he wants to show that trade wars mainly hurt common people, farmers, and companies, who are used as shells for the war machine. They will all suffer from sanctions and additional penalties as the cohort most dependent on them. The given idea is very close to reality as, in most cases, limits introduced by the government strike its people who are not interested in them. All trade wars affect not only the parties that should be punished, but they might also hurt companies and consumers requiring certain goods that are now prohibited from being exported. Under these conditions, trade wars become a two-edged sword hitting all agents and depriving states of a chance to help their citizens. Free Trade and Protectionism Altogether, free trade has both benefits and disadvantages that should be mentioned. First of all, it promotes economic growth due to the emergence of new products and materials that can be used by various actors (Irwin 56). Second, it creates more opportunities for direct foreign investment as the elimination of barriers for coope
Introduction The increasing inflow of refugees and asylum seekers has become one of the major concerns for Australian policy-makers, journalists, human rights activists, and tax-payers. In particular, it is necessary to reconcile two needs. At first, the Australian government must ensure that people, who are at the risk of torture, persecution, or discrimination, can find shelter and appropriate assistance. Additionally, they should consider economic constraints that limit the resources of policy-makers. According to a widespread opinion, the country should limit the inflow of asylum seekers into the country. Overall, it is possible to argue that asylum seekers should not be perceived as the economic or cultural threat to the Australian society. As a rule, these people are extremely vulnerable because they have to struggle with economic and administrative difficulties. Moreover, they can be treated in a prejudiced or biased way (Crock 2010). Therefore, the government should make sure people seeking shelter can receive the necessary protection; moreover, they should receive adequate services; for instance, the children of asylum seekers should get access to education and healthcare as soon as possible. So, the government should comply with the international agreements regarding the status of these people. Nevertheless, Australia has a right to control its borders, even with the help of such measures as Operation Sovereign Borders, provided that this policy does not infringe on the sovereignty of other states. Conceptions of national interests In this case, the conception of national interest relies on the defensive neo-realism. This framework implies that the country has a right as well as duty to protect the interests of the citizens of the state. In turn, there are no rules requiring national policy-makers to work on the g
Google Inc., which is a company offering a range of products including emails, social networking, software products, video services, advertising, and online mapping, has had many partnerships with various companies, some of which have been deadlocked either by their own incompetence or complains by other stakeholders fearing unfair play. An example is a partnership entered between them and Yahoo Inc where Google would sell some of their displayed ads on Yahoo’s site, which sparked an argument that it would stamp further their dominance in the advertising industry, increase the cost of online advertising and reduce the options for the advertisers to placing online ads. This was a warning given by the Association of National Advertisers in their letter to the officials of the US Justice Department. (Tessler, 2008). Google has also been accused of violating copyright during the offer of its services, for example, by The New York Times on caching their content during a web crawl and also redirecting users to other websites by secretive search formulas for its own benefit (Olsen, 2003). It was also accused of non-authoritatively copying and scanning of books by the Authors Guild on 20 September 2005. An innovative Search within search which allowed users to search what they want within a given website was criticized by some online publishers and retailers that some users would be “siphoned away” since Google used brands-prominence to sell ads typically to competing companies and also has been accused of diminishing the role of the web publisher to assist users in finding potential information in this innovated service. (Bob, 2008). There is a criticism of their product Google Analytics which is the company’s online traffic analyzing services. Although many people rushed to sign up for it, it has been criticized for collecting inaccurate data and the complexity which would be involved in correcting such a mess. One of the failures that have been termed as the biggest for the company involves its product Google Analytics. The product code to Google Analytics is written in the JavaScript language, which means that Google Analytics will not recognize those using browsers that do not support JavaScript or have been disabled or blocked by such utilities as NoScript. The Analytics has been blamed for inaccessibility or lack of popularity since it uses Macromedia Flash, yet many people like those among Solaris, GNU/Linux, *BSD do not have or don’t want the Flash Player. New sign-ups have also been restricted, and also the creation of a new account by the existing users barred on Google Analytics ( Matzan, 2005 ). Wh