ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Odyssey was written at a time when men played a key role in society. During this period of civilization, men controlled society. Women, on the other hand, were identified to hold inferior positions in the community compared to men. Women had no opportunity to comment on the daily activities of the society. It was left for men to dictate what was to be done, and women would follow. However, according to Greek society, women were valued but were not given responsibility roles and could not make decisions. It is on this point that Homer puts women into roles that had not been expected in society. This paper discusses several roles women could take in the Ancient Greek society, as shown in The Odyssey . Seduction The significant role of women in the story is seduction. This can be seen in the episode when Odysseus and his men come to Circe’s Island and get attracted by the goddess’s enchanting voice. Although the goddess was rather dangerous and treacherous, Odysseus and his men lost their prudence and could not resist her when she invited them into the house for a feast. The story shows that the voice of the goddess was sweet and lovely. It attracted men to visit her in her house. Men desired to be with Circe, which allowed the goddess to take advantage of their weakness to keep them under her subjection (Homer 211). She was able to trick the men, and through magical power, she was able to turn them into swine. From this information, Circe has been used to portray the power of women in manipulating men. Men fell for the sweet and lovely voice of the monster. Women, in this epic, play seductive roles, where men are attracted by the singing of a monster which seduces them to admire the goddess (Homer line 221). The singing seduced men to admire the goddess and made them forget about the danger that lay ahead of them. It shows the power of women in influencing men. Although men are shown to be strong in society, a little persuasion from a woman can make him change his mind. The goddess was able to trick men because of her lovely and sweet singing. Odysseus makes the goddess swear that he did not have an evil intention against him. This reflects how an appeal by a woman can make a man lose his dominance in society. Although Odysseus had been warned of the seductive intentions of the goddess on the island, he still fell for her. He remained on the island for a year, forgetting about his home coming. Therefore, the goddess seduced h
Introduction From the case study, Boeing Corporation is amongst the largest universal airplane developing firms. The corporation is supplying diverse products and services to clients in various marketplace sectors. For example, this aircraft organization provides merchandise to consumers in the legislative units, such as the division of security and airliner manufacturing. The products that Boeing Corporation offers consist of the armed forces planes and commercial airlines. Boeing Corporation assumed subcontracting activities to aid in the expansion of its mechanized practices as well as to spearhead the construction of 787-airline. When Boeing outsourced airliner 787 development to other foreign-based companies, both its clients and the company experienced some negative effects. Outsourcing services at first brought about increment in the organizational production expenses and outlays. It equally influenced merchandise provision negatively to consumers and the succeeding aircraft selling. This paper highlights and discusses the risks, benefits, and criticisms that Boeing encountered in the course of operations (Yenne, 2005). Issue: Outsourcing airliner 787 The Boeing Corporation found it rather difficult to manufacture its airliner 787. This corporation then decided to outsource its aircraft development activities to overseas manufacturing corporations. The intention was to minimize the cost of manufacturing Boeing 787. The corporation opted to have a various contractor s to produce and supply different 787 airliner segments. The contractors who were taking part in Boeing 787 aircraft manufacturing were situated differently around the globe. There were contractors situated in Japan, Toronto, and South Carolina. Each contractor had to manufacture and deliver assorted components to the Boeing Corporation to be assembled (Hooper & Newlands, 2009). Onex group manufactured the 787-plane nosepiece in Toronto. One of the South Carolina companies produced the back fuse-large component. Japan produced the Boeing 787 arms while the central fuse big-piece was produced in Italy. The Boeing outsourced the manufacturing of various parts of the 787 aircraft, and this had depressing impacts on the corporation, including setback in releasing Boeing 787 to the marketplace. It emerges that the company management hardly assessed the benefits and costs allied to outsourcing the built-up processes. This resulted in poor manufacturing outcomes (Yenne, 2005). The opportunities of outsourcing Through outsourcing Boeing 787 aircraft parts, the corporation had the chance to improve its manufacturing processes. This could have been realized since Boeing incorporated several overseas-based corporations in developing the 787-aircraft. While this corporation had manufacturing processes outsourcing chances, there were disadvantages and advantag
Jack London and John Steinbeck are both notable figures in the annals of 20 th- century American literature, but this fact alone is not the only thing they have in common. Their affinity toward literary realism is also a similarity between the two, as are the common themes they sometimes explore in their works. One of such themes is the idea of the inexorable futility of one’s efforts when faced with overwhelming external power. This power can come in the shape of nature or history, as in London’s “To Build a Fire” and “The League of the Old Men,” or social mores, as in Steinbeck’s “The Chrysanthemums.” Yet despite this difference, all three stories have one thing in common in how their protagonists bring this futility upon themselves. By paying insufficient attention to their surroundings, the main characters of all the stories discussed participate in ultimately making their struggles futile. London’s “To Build a Fire” – quite likely the most famous of the author’s short stories – tracks the trail of a lone wanderer in the Yukon Territory at the turn of the 20 th century. The man is traveling to the camp where his associates, only identified as “the boys,” are waiting for him (London, “Build a Fire” 65-66). However, he is not an experienced traveler and survivalist but “a newcomer in the land” and, as such, not prepared all too well to treat the dangers of the frozen land seriously enough. When he loses his footing and gets his feet wet – a certain death sentence with the temperatures that cold – he attempts to build a fire and warm himself up. However, the lack of experience when surviving in the Yukon frustrates all his attempts. First, the fire is extinguished by a massive fall of snow from the tree branches, and then the man’s fingers are too numb to operate matches. In the end, all attempts to warm up prove to be futile, and the protagonist, one sure of his capabilities, falls prey to the Yukon cold. The futility with which the main character tries to build a titular fire is no accident – rather, it is the direct consequence of his own carelessness and insufficient preparation. The harsh nature and the extreme cold of his environment are stressed even further by London’s “infernal rendering of the unforgiving Yukon wasteland” (Hillier 173). The man, however, is unable to appreciate the full seriousness of his situation. His downfall is sure and inevitable because he ignores both “instinct… and racial wisdom” represented by the story’s other characters (Pizer 222). Having more experience surviving in the Yukon would have prevented him from making a fire under the tree branches heavy with snow – or traveling alone at all, come to that matter. Yet
Introduction Walt Disney has transformed tremendously since its inception in 1923. It is recognized all over the world as one of the premier companies that specialized exclusively in recreation and entertainment. This corporation is viewed as an icon of creativity due to its successful forays in TV, radio, magazines, theme parks that continue to entertain funs from all over the world. This company has certainly withstood the test of time. Through the years it has been changing managers and managerial styles therefore forms a good basis for evaluating different managerial styles. In order to understand this company and its management styles over the years, let us critically analyse three questions:   * How have the skills for a successful manager at Disney changed over the decades?   * Why is it critical for Disney to be a learning organisation?   * What important management skills did Michael Eisner bring to Disney? Do you think his skills are still effective in today’s environment? How the skills of a succesful manager have changed Management is dynamic as the prevailing internal and external environments of a firm influence it. A management style that was applicable and effective twenty years ago cannot be as effective in the modern day. Managers have to change by adapting to the changing environments if they are to be successful. Successful corporations such as Disney land are proof that change is inevitable. To understand the importance of change in management, we shall look at the evolution of Disney land’s management styles and skills since its inception in the 1923 up to the successful reign of Michael Eisner. Management skills may be classified broadly as: (Wheten, 1998)   * Interpersonal   * Conceptual   * Diagnostic   * Technical   * Leadership 1923-1966 (Walt and Roy Disney) As their surnames suggest, Walt and Roy Disney are the founding fathers of Disneyland. They led this corporation together from 1923 to 1966, when Walt passed away and Roy was left in charge. We can study the management skills they employed when they were at the helm. It is also possible to study how these skills have changed to date (Cole, 2003). During this period, Roy handled money while Walt handled creativity. This brings about the technical skills of these two managers, as both were able to channel their strengths into a specialized field. This specialization was key to the growth of Disneyland. The success of Mickey Mouse can be attributed to Walt who introduced synchronized sound, a concept that had never been tested before. It is through his innovation and inventiveness that Disney took off to such a great start. During their reign, all employees of Disney felt equally important. There were no titles or anything to show which manager was on top of the other in the corporate ladder. Cooperation and teamwork was only made possible through the great interpersonal skills of Walt (Goldrat, 2002). 1966 – 1984 (Roy Disney) Walt passed on in the year 1966 and Roy was le
Introduction Hezbollah is a controversial organization because European countries have refused to classify it as a terrorist group while countries such as the United States (US), Canada, Australia, Egypt and other nations have classified it as a terrorist group. Nonetheless, Hezbollah is essentially a paramilitary group particularly based in Lebanon with its activities extending into social services like the building of schools, hospitals and other social amenity institutions (Deeb, 1986, p. 19). In addition, this group is a proactive political entity in Lebanon with much of the resistance in the Muslim world being attributed to its activities. The Muslim world is interestingly torn right in the middle regarding the activities of Hezbollah, with prominent Muslim nations such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan coming out strongly to condemn the group while other Muslim countries such as Iran and Syria openly supporting the group’s activities (Al-Manar, 2010). Currently, the group which only started as a small militia group to defend Lebanon from Israel invasion currently has some of its members seated at the Lebanese government and their presence being felt across radio stations and satellite televisions in Lebanon. Their programs are majorly steered towards socially developing the poor. Most of Hezbollah’s support comes from the Muslim Shi’a group but extensive support also comes from other groups such as Sunni and Druze (Standwithus, 2010). At present, most of the group’s activities have been centered on the liberation of Lebanon from Israeli influence but the 21 st century has seen an increase in military numbers in order for the group to protect Lebanese interests in lands perceived to be anciently Lebanese. These factors withstanding, this study propose
Monsieur Valmondé picks up Désirée at a stone pillar as an abandoned baby. The Valmondé family then takes her in and adopts her despite the child being black. Against the expectation of many people, Desiree grows up to be a beautiful young lady raised well by a wealthy white family. One day she goes back to the stone pillar where she was picked up wearing fine clothes. In this place, she meets Armand Aubigny, a wealthy plantation owner, who instantly falls in love with her. Armand marries Désirée in a love that would turn bitter because of the color of Désirée’s baby. Armand blames Désirée for the mixed ancestry of the baby, not knowing it is mixed ancestry. Chopin, in this story, uses a lot of symbolism to show her audience the hierarchy of race, social class distinctions that existed in the Antebellum South, and how major themes are portrayed. Stone Pillar Stones are known to be tough, and a pillar made of stone is in no way expected to be destroyed. As used by Chopin, the stone can be interpreted as having mysterious origins and a strong foundation in which the slaves’ ancestry is built. When Monsieur Valmondé discovers Désirée, she is placed in the shadows of a stone pillar. “Monsieur in riding through the gateway of Valmondé had found her lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar” (Chopin 1). The shadow of the stone pillar symbolizes a race so vast and dominant but not recognized. The race in the shadow yet a pillar is the African-American race, which many consider cursed, and most are used as slaves. Using them as slaves only masks their potential and does not in any way deter African-Americans from being great. In addition to overcoming the masked potential, the race cursed as slaves has beaten the challenges of time to emerge again. Armands’ mother is black, but her traits are not present in Armand. Armand is thus referred to as a creole, his father’s race, and a superior race. When Armand Marries Désirée, he expects their offspring to have creole blood so that he can continue his father’s lineage. Instead, his mother’s blood is visible in their child with Désirée, which is the story’s central theme. Désirée’s baby has the genes of African-Americans and not that of Armand’s father, which Armand wants so badly for their child. It would not be a surprise for Armand not to like his mother’s genes given the difficult position they are put in, that of being a cursed race only worthy of being enslaved. Fine Clothes Fine cl
Animal Assisted Therapy Animal assisted therapy, abbreviated as AAT entails the utilization of animals that have been therapy certified to be part of the healing strategy. According to a description by Delta Society, animal assisted therapy is an important component of treatment for different individuals and groups who appear to be cognitively, emotionally, socially or physically challenged. People found in the nursing homes or hospitals particularly the elderly and children normally benefit from the use AAT. Whereas animals namely kittens and stallions having been making exceptional therapy animals, it is clear that dogs are beyond doubt the best and common type of therapy faunae. This might be attributed to the inimitable bond which is shared between humans and canines (Thompson, 2009). Truly, therapy dogs have proved to be making a significant change in the lives of individuals they happen to encounter. The history of Animal Assisted Therapy Even though it looks current and new age, animal assisted therapy or pet therapy can trace back its historical roots to Belgium in the nineteenth century. During this period, farm animals mostly those located within the Belgium town were considered to be an imperative component of therapy for the disabled home-based people. This implies that animals particularly the dogs have incessantly assisted human beings to recover from various mental illnesses since time in memorial. In fact, dogs have lifted human beings spirits, offered them companionship and helped them in working (Thompson, 2009). Nevertheless, in the twentieth century, animals became legitimately acknowledged for their respective therapeutic aptitudes. Elaine Smith in the fiscal 1976 was the first person to establish the initial therapy dogs’ registry in the US called Therapy Dogs international. A year later, the currently known Delta Society was formed under the name Delta Foundation. This foundation was mandated to investigate the impacts that animals had on individuals’ lives (Prothman, Bienert & Ettrich, 2006). Currently, the two groups together with various others have assisted in the provision of therapy animals to individuals who require animal assisted therapy. Legal and ethical issues in AAT Therapy dogs are often selected as puppies founded on their training receptiveness and disposition testing. The breed of dog selected should suit the work it is envisioned to accomplish implying that therapy dogs should contentedly fit into the life of a therapist. If a dog is deemed a fabulous pet it is not true that it will definitely be an op
Introduction In both economies, the European Union and the United States, transportation services immeasurably contribute to the economy. With manufacturing and service sectors relying on transportation, network efficiency assumes a critical role in achieving optimal value. Intermodal transportation brings competitiveness by playing a significant role in how the E.U. and the U.S. promote attractiveness in their production. The impact attributed to the legal environment associated with intermodal transportation networks resonates in other sectors of the economy. The case study focuses on both the positive and negative impact of regulation or deregulation in the E.U. and the U.S. on intermodal transportation growth. Regulation The impact of intermodal transportation regulation has varied in the U.S. and several E.U. countries. To some extent, regulation has limited competition in intermodal transportation. The transport sector has encountered massive public expenditure based on limited competition. Growth has been stalled at national levels, in both regions, due to the inefficiencies attributed to public entities. For example, in the United Kingdom, the bus industry encountered heavy resource waste in the years leading to 1980, resulting from high-level government engagement in the transport sector. Nonetheless, the U.K. government saw the need to control waste and passed the 1980 and 1985 Transportation Acts to monitor the role of the government in the transportation industry (Tudorica & Banacu, 2017). However, t
Socrates argued that naturally all human beings pursue happiness and content. His second argument was that all human beings do not want to suffer and, therefore, try to avoid sufferings at any costs. As a result, the wrongdoings of various people have to be viewed as the actions directed to the pursuit of happiness and other desired goods. For instance, according to Socrates’ reasoning, an individual who has stolen someone else’s money or property definitely has done an evil deed. However, this evil is unintended as the real purpose of the theft was positive, namely, the maximization of personal happiness and financial security. Such reasoning is logical and makes sense just like the statement that altruistic deeds do not exist because in the long run everything a person does has one goal – to bring some kind of benefit for the doer. That is why, none of the deeds are selfless, but also none of them are intended as evil. The point of view of Socrates is clear, but in my opinion, it has one significant limitation – it is rather one-sided. In other words, Socrates evaluates the nature of all deeds based on the perspective of the doer. An action is regarded as good when it brings good to the actor. I believe that in this reference it is important to review the statement of Socrates carefully and notice that the philosopher maintained that “no person knowingly does evil”. The conclusion Socrates makes (that “all evil is ignorance”) is based on the key word “knowingly”. The statement means that in all the evil deeds the doer is unaware of the negative effect they create. At the same time, one may identify a multitude of demonstrations of people committing wrongdoings with full awareness of all the negative effects. For example, when a state leader decides to declare war on their neighboring state, the leader is fully of all the negative consequences. I disagree with the statement of Socrates. Besides, many of us sometimes commit wrongdoing just because out benefit is comprised by the sufferings of others, and in such cases the wrongdoing is neither ignorant nor has it a good purpose. In the modern society evil as an outcome of ignorance is a complex issue from the legal point of view. For instance, the American legal system distinguishes between two types of unlawful killings – those resulting from lawful actions and happening accidentally, and those resulting from unlawful actions but also unintended as murder. The former scenario is excusable as involuntary manslaughter, and the second one is prosecutable as a homicid