ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Craft never completed his PhD program which might as well granted him the title of being a doctor. However without any feeling of pity he decided against all moral ethics to apply for the advertised position as a PhD holder. Though well known for his good works on his area of specialization, he do not deserve to be called a doctor since according to educational rules and regulations he has to fully complete his doctorate program. Some people like Craft see ethics as personal ideal not knowing that the same ideals are required for business to function effectively. On the other hand Connie has to show ethical leadership since it takes the moral character of the committee to keep the company in better position (Power, 2008). Work place ethics shows that when Craft is considered for the position, he might as employee become less ethical since he will be forced to adapt corporate values that do not stand for integrity at work place. Compromise reached by Connie and the committee on this issue will mean that the employees are prone to lose the same ethical standards with time. The functionality of the team will only be raised based on the standards they stand for. Business ethics focus on making right choices which may not seem to suit the individual at that particular time. In this case the ethics on the side of Connie will stand as a good example irrespective of fame or gain that might accompany it (Power, 2008). The values of honesty and fairness stand out in this case. Connie has been honest in restricting herself to the qualifications required, and would want to give others who meet the qualifications a chance to do the job. Connie’s whistle blowing is protected under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and her action would not in any way jeopardize her work. Reporting fraudulent activities is a show of social responsibility to the organization and stakeholders; it also serves for accountability purposes whereby anything that may seem harmful to the company’s reputation is reported immediately (Power, 2008). The action of Craft towards Connie and her company revealed a harsh picture of how an individual can misuse his influence to violate ethical standards. This action of imposing a scandal is not expected of him who holds a doctorate degree. This will not in any way improve or create a good feeling within the job environment if allowed to happen. Using the gut feeling can never be a substitute for doing right. Connie should make a final decision that contributes to the comeback of ethics within the places of employment. The committee should
To improve the population’s health and provide additional medical protection for vulnerable community participants, several measures are required, during the implementation of which all state structures will be involved. First of all, it is necessary to create a centralized plan and describe a number of possible measures for the formation, preservation, and strengthening of the health of society, which is necessary for an active industrial, social and personal life. It is required to change the attitude of citizens to their health, form a fashion for a healthy lifestyle, and increase the prestige of sports. Public health awareness campaigns are organized efforts to raise awareness of a health issue through advertising, news, and social media (Paul & Dredze, 2017). These measures should improve the quality of life, form a healthy society as a whole, and increase herd immunity by improving the situation with viral diseases. The result of the measures taken can be an increase in the duration and quality of life and an improvement in the demographic situation. The most obvious steps to improve the general health level of the community are the following:  1. Appealing to local public organizations with a request to form a conviction among the population in the prestige of a healthy lifestyle and the desire for a conscious rejection of self-destructive behavior.  2. Appealing to local authorities with an initiative to improve the health of the population in order to receive state financial support for the construction of new stadiums for the organization of free classes, lectures, and training.  3. Holding a meeting of the initiative committee with the participation of representatives of the responsible services involved in implementing the plan.  4. Ensuring simple interaction between state authorities, other state organizations, local executive, administrative bodies, and other organizations to implement the project.  5. Ensuring intermediate control over the project’s progress and analyzing the effectiveness of activities.  6. Starting the implementation of the project with an analysis of the main indicators of public health over the past year.  7. Analysing the prevalence of the main behavioral and biological risk factors: non-communicable diseases, including the prevalence of smoking the use of alcoholic beverages, taking into account the obtained indicators.  8. Contacting the local media with a request to ensure that citizens are informed about the progress of the project, the importance of a healthy lifestyle, and the rejection of bad habits when this information becomes clear.  9. Ensuring the broadcast of social advertising about a healthy lifestyle, prevention of drug addiction, socially significant diseases on video monitors of institutions, enterprises, and organizations. 10. Having enlisted the support of the media, organizing and conducting presentations of medical workers on healthy lifestyles, prevention of bad habits, socially significant diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV infection, malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, mental and behavior
Introduction Listening to Russian classical music is always an unpredictable and interesting activity that can provoke new discussions and emotions. In this paper, attention will be paid to the concert devoted to Russian composers and their contributions to the growth of Russian art, music, and history. The choice of this performance is explained by the possibility not only to listen and enjoy the quality of music but also to learn something from Russian history, combine the heard pieces into one story, and be inspired for new evaluations. There are several strong pieces with their unique elements in the program. This report will contain the analysis of four Russian compositions, including Cortege Solennel by Alexander Glazunov, A Song of India, and Russian Easter Overture by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Russian Sailor’s Dance by Reinhold Glière. The goal is to focus on each of the pieces, discuss the origins of composers, and investigate the major music elements and instrumental colors in the orchestra performance. Chosen Pieces and Their Composers In the program, there are four pieces and three composers for analysis. Cortege Solennel is a work created by Alexander Glazunov in 1894. It was performed in D major for orchestra, including such instruments as a piccolo, several flutes, oboes, clarinets, trumpets, trombones, and other drums and strings. Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov is an author of the two pieces from the program – The Russian Easter Overture and The Song of India . The Song is a piece from a well-known Russian opera, Sadko , that was first performed in 1986. The sound of a flute, as well as several types of strings and the instruments from a woodwind, introduces a sweet and peaceful melody. Another work, the Overture , is an example of a Romantic orchestra where flutes, oboes, horns, and trumpets performed the main role. This piece was created in 1888 and introduced as one of the best parts of many Russian symphony concerts. The last but never least piece was the Russian Sailor’s Dance, created by Reinhold Glière in 1927. It was a part of the Red Poppy ballet that properly depicted the nature of Russian people, their traditions, and lifestyles. The presence of violins, a contrabass, and percussion promoted a strong piece of classical music and dance movements with a perfect arrangement of strings. Although it was not a final composition in the program, it was able to underline the nature of Russia and identify where its traditions ended, and a new era of orchestra music began. Origins of Composers All three composers originated from Russia, but each of them had its own history and impact on the development of Russian music. It can be said that Rimsky-Korsakov was one of the brightest representatives of Russian orchestra music and became a good teacher for his followers like Glazunov and Glière. All of them worked during the same period of time – at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It was a romantic period where the strongest development of th
Introduction When we refer to mechanical properties of materials, whatever crosses the mind is the stress-strain curve. Ideally, both shear stress (σ) and strain (ε) testing are inevitable when it comes to material testing. While shear stress testing correlates an elongation force to the cross sectional area of a material, tensile testing subjects a material sample to a controlled tensional force until the yield point where the material fails. The essence of performing these tests is that they aid in quality control, selection of a material meant for a specific application, and gives a glimpse of how a material would behave under varied forces. Importantly, the parameters obtained directly as a result of these tests are maximum elongation, definitive tensile strength and reduced cross-section area. In a nutshell, from aforementioned parameters one is in a better position to determine the Poisons ratio, Young’s modulus (Ε), strain-hardening, and yield strength characteristics. Ideally, some of the parameters can easily be obtained from the graph of stress versus strain (stress-strain curve) graph as shown in the figure 1 below. In simple terms, stress is the ratio of the elongation force to that of the cross sectional area whiles the stress is the ration of extension to that of the original length. From the graph (Fig. 1), one can obtain the Young modulus from the linear section of the curve by finding the gradient of the section (between 1 and 2). Analyzing the graph in details, it is important to note that point 1 is the true elastic limit which coincides with the minimum stress that emanates from dislocations due to material movements (Egarmo, Black, & Kohser 2003). However, this parameter is hardly used in material science; nonetheless, it reflects a material’s chemical properties. Between points 1 and 2, the material obeys the Hook’s Law. Between points 2 and 3, the material experiences elastic deformation. Finally, beyond point 3, the material is described as plastic since it has undergone permanent deformation and it rapture at point 5. It is worth noting that there are some other materials that have irregular linear sections. As such, an offset yield strength (point 4), 0.2% of the origin is plotted for the sake of material comparisons. Other parameters that can be obtained from the graph are shown in the figure 2 and 3 below: Basically, the tensile strength is the maximum stress while fracture stress is th
Introduction Financial system is dependent on numerous external factors, and the recent events in Japanese economy may be regarded as one of the brightest instances of such a dependence. The aggregate demand and supply parameters are the clear indicators of the short- and long-run processes in the economy, therefore, they may be used as the analysis background for forecasting the further tendencies and processes in economy. Aggregate Demand and Supply Analysis Aggregate demand and supply volumes in Japan has been subjected to essential changes. Therefore, as it is emphasized by McCallum (2011), aggregate supply has fallen since the start of the disaster, while aggregate demand of the State stays comparatively on the same level. Therefore, the third largest economy experiences decrease in GDP, and the growth rate is -0.3% (Worldbank.org, 2011) Figure 1. Japan GDP Growth Rate. CPI level has been subjected to zero inflation, and the short term forecasts on the GDP and CPI levels are: -0.3 to -0.5%, and 0 to -0.3% correspondingly. The long term forecasts are too vague, however, the average indicators are: 0.8 to 1.2% for the GDP, and 0.1% inflation for CPI rates. Figure 2. Aggregate supply and demand Changes. From the perspective of this figure, the AD level is affected by consumption levels (domestic household), investment, net exports and money supply. Yen / Dollar Changes The currency exchange rate for the recent 60 days is given on figure 2 Figure 3. Exchange Rate (USD / JPY). The period taken for the analysis is from Feb, 3 2011 to April 3, 2011. The lowers exchange rate was observed on March 18, and it totaled 78.90. The highest rate was observed on April, 3 – 84.06. Regardless of the fact that the largest industries in the Japanese economic system experience crisis, and lowering of the manufacturing powers, the exchange rate stays on the comparatively high level, as some manufacturing powers are outsourced, and this is the key insurance measure that helped to preserve the power of JPY. Bond and Stock Market Forecasts These forecasts are mainly based on previous instances of earthquakes in Japan, and tempos of Japanese economy restoration. Hence, it is forecasted that the decease of the trade volumes will be changed with the immense growth, and restoration of the trade volumes within the next 5-7 months. Therefore, it is forecasted that the situation on the stock market will not worsen essentially, and the following year will be featured with the cyclic growth of stocks. All the losses caused by tsunami are short-term, and analysis hope that the $ 100 billion losses will be compensated soon by the rapid growth caused by intensive tempos of after-disaster restoration. The same is on the matters of bond market. Catastrophic failure is not expected, however, the growth is not forecasted. He estima
The main thesis of Guns, Germs, and Steel Venkatachalam, in his review, says that the reason behind why some people possess an advantage over others has to do with ultimate causes. In his review, Venkatachalam writes about Diamond’s level ground, where it all started, and which after some time became unequal due to some ultimate causes, such as rapid domestication of plants and animals in some areas, and the presence of geographical obstacles that hindered the spread of emerging innovations to some continents (Diamond 1998). A Summary of Venkatachalam’s main thesis Venkatachalam’s review describes Diamond’s research, which began at the end of the ice age when man started to engage in hunting and gathering. At this stage, none of the continents had an unfair advantage. It is from this equal ground, Venkatachalam writes of how the author launches a discussion on how the unequal distribution of wealth and power on earth came to be (Venkatachalam, 2001). According to him, one of the factors that led to inequality was the rise and spread of food production. Food security led to an upsurge in population growth, a factor, which resulted in the emergence of social stratification and the rise of the political elite. Unfortunately, some continents were left behind while others flourished. Venkatachalam writes about how Diamond links to what he calls ultimate causes and what other researchers have called proximate causes, which are Guns, Germs, and Steel. In the review, Venkatachalam writes about how Diamond explores the way diseases, writing, social organization, and metal technology helped in the determination of the disparate distribution of power and wealth. The weaknesses and strengths of Venkatachalam’s book review Venkatachalam’s review has both its strengths and also weaknesses. For instance, the reviewer gives a glowing account of not only Jared Diamond’s book but also of other authors who have talked about Diamond’s work. The author incorporates the views of other authors to make his work stronger and better. This shows that Venkatachalam has a thorough knowledge of not just Diamond’s book, but also of the issues raised by other authors on Diamond’s work. It is well known that a good researcher needs to write even
As cases of obesity among children and young people increase throughout the world, a focus has turned on the need to reduce the amount of junk foods available in the market. One way of doing this is to ensure that marketers reduce the amount of junk foods in the market, especially products targeting children in various nations. Another important method adopted by various governments across the world involves prohibiting direct advertisements that attract children’s attention. However, none of these strategies has shown evidence of reducing cases of obesity by a significant margin. On the other hand, global fast food marketers have faced accusations for their contribution to the obesity problem. In fact, reports indicate that more than 1 billion people are overweight with more than 400 million considered obese (Cateora, Philip, Gilly and Graham 425). Despite the campaigns to reduce the amount of junk foods in the market and discourage people from taking such foods, the trend is increasing. Reports show that the rate of obesity is on the rise. Mcdonald’s, the global marketer of fast foods, has become the major subject of discussion in reference to the rising cases of obesity. The company’s massive and aggressive advertisement, multiple locations in the world and food content have attracted massive debate. In many parts of the world, governments have established measures to control the problem of obesity, but in most cases, McDonald’s seems to be the prime target. Does the company need to change its marketing models, branding, food content and advertisement to fit with the modern health demands? In Europe, McDonald’s and other companies in the fast food industry face an uphill task in convincing the market to continue taking their food products. While the companies are increasing their presence in almost every city and town, governments, medical and health bodies, as well as other enthusiasts, are increasingly targeting McDonald’s and similar corporations. In Europe, for example, various governments have attempted to ban advertisement of junk food, especially those that target children (Cateora, Philip, Gilly and Graham 427). Others have forced such companies as
Complexity is now not what it used to be in the past; problems of today cannot be solved using the old ways of thinking. People who solve problems in face lots of challenges when it comes to decision making having to go through a large amount of information that they need to look at. Words are the most commonly used form of communication. They are used to express ideas and it’s important for people who have information to understand the internal processes and mental models which shape the communication process and the ideas thereof. Ideas pass through several phases before they are fully conceptualized. At first, they are fuzzy or vague and are difficult to visualize at this stage, graphic tools which use six simple shapes can be used to bring the idea to life. There are several graphical languages and notation systems in use with examples such as international travel signage and symbols for currencies of different countries. It can be argued that words are not the only form of communication and they can be highly ambiguous leaving interpretation to context and to the receiver’s prerogative. Graphical communication begins early in life with babies and children using gestures, sounds and images to communicate right up until they have developed their vocabulary in school. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniack’s use of icons and graphics in the Macintosh were the first to bring functional graphic which have become an integral part of computers and computing generally. We constantly face an information overload with more information than our minds can process. Because this information comes to us in words which are organized linearly, it’s difficult for us to grasp all the information we come across. However these words that are representative of ideas and concepts can be stored in the mind and displayed in the form of word maps as our brains are able to discern that there is something useful in what we perceive to be only clutter, disorder and chaos. It has been demonstrated that for ideas or concepts must be made visible as opposed to just being verbalized in words for them to produce detectable and visible patterns whose meanings we can understand. Information overload which occurs to all people at different times can indeed be very stressful probably because we don’t know how to organize and categorize the information and ideas in ways that we can use it to help us solve our day to day problems. Graphics aid in all manner of applications where computer systems developers can use different shapes i.e. circles, squares, rectangles during the model building process to better manage the flow of information and to offer a much better cognitive response that by the use of verbal communication. To manage the complexity, disorder and information overload we experience, the way we do th
This report consists of data collected in two reading interest surveys conducted in various schools and at different levels (elementary school grade 1 to 3 and primary level grade 6 to 8). The problem of reading among the student population was documented through these surveys and teachers observations. The data compiled indicated that most students were selective in their reading patterns due to low self esteem, negative attitude towards learning and reading, lack of parental intervention and interest in the reading patterns of the students and low motivational factors towards reading. The survey questionnaires consisted of specific questions which aimed at establishing the reading interests of the student as regarding to the type of literature, motivational factors, access to books and the students attitude towards reading. They were also inclusive of the parents comment and contribution to the reading patterns of their children. Introduction Getting an education is by far the most important aspect in human lives. A good education guarantees a brighter future and a chance to succeed through the various challenges that we may come across as we try to fulfill our career objectives and goals. As such, various scholars and researchers have over the years tried to understand the motivational factors that influence our reading interests as well as our attitudes towards reading. Reading interest surveys have as a result been developed with an aim of assisting the teachers and parents understand the strengths and weaknesses of the students in regards to their reading behaviors and preferences. The aim of such surveys is often to equip the teachers and parents with the necessary knowledge on how best they can assist these students to work through their challenges and capitalize on their strengths (Reif & Heimburge, 2007). This paper shall review two such surveys carried out in elementary and primary school levels. The data shall be analyzed in a bid to understand the difference in reading perceptions among the students as well as the reasons behind the reading choices that these students make. A summary of each survey shall be compiled in relation to reading likes and dislikes, reading habits and attitudes of the students, the parent’s attitudes towards reading, motivational factors and finally, the student’s perception to e-learning (digital readings). Survey review (A Study of Reading Motivation Techniques with Primary Elementary School Students) Data report According to Burlew, Gordon & Holst (2000) the main aim of their survey was to address the general lack of interest in reading for enjoyment exhibited by children in the first, second and third grade classes. Data collected in this survey indicated that the lack of reading motivation was as a result of the students allocating very little time for reading during their free times. In addition to this, Burlew, Gordon & Holst (2000) states that motivated