ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Reading literature is a significant aspect of the educational process since, in addition to studying certain scientific disciplines, it is essential to broaden outlook. Learning to think widely to have an idea of ​​the language richness and the ways of expressing ideas is the trait of an intelligent person. This work is aimed at describing several short stories in the fiction genre, which are desirable readings for the curriculum. Each of the sources has its own aesthetic uniqueness, which reflects the authors’ vision of a particular problem. The writers of different ethnic backgrounds are involved, which is an incentive to pay attention to their works. Social and other issues addressed in these stories are relevant today, and by analyzing the submitted works, it is possible to gain valuable experience, thereby increasing personal learning performance. One of the goals of the college is to encourage students to consider curriculum tasks critically, and the sources cited may help. In general, students should evaluate these fictional stories in order to form individual creative preferences and study the approaches to the presentation of social, moral, and other issues in small literary pieces. List of Stories As one of the first recommendations, the story by Kristen Roupenian “Cat Person” may be proposed since this work, as Lyall argues, presents the classical theme of a love story interpreted in a modern way. The genre of modern realism described with the help of such techniques as youth slang, the use of contemporary household items and the means of communication, and other methods will surely be close to students. Moreover, readers will certainly show interest in other works of a similar genre because the plot of the story in question largely overlaps with classic narratives about love and parting. As Garber notes, the ambiguity that permeates “Cat Person” is one of the most successful techniques used by the author. In general, the resonance with modern society is observed not only from a practical but also ideological point of view, which is an additional incentive to study this work. As a result, a rather vivid and emotiona
Introduction The European financial crisis, which is mostly referred to as the Euro crisis, is an economic term that depicts the economic status of most European countries. The Eurozone crisis started in the year 2009 when most countries in Europe exceeded their spending limits and embarked on borrowing mostly from the European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The most countries affected by the Europe crisis were members of the EU including France, Germany, Italy, and Greece among others. The crisis followed after the introduction of the Euro currency to be used as a common trading currency among members of the European Union that excluded countries like the Great Britain. The Euro crisis was instigated by reducing the bank lending rate meant to steer economic growth, but most of the countries could not repay these loans. The countries defaulted to repay back the loans. Thus, the European Central Bank was left to struggle to keep the economy of Europe in the worst case scenario since 1998 when the global crisis emerged (Arestis 2012). The existence of the European Union was threatened by this crisis as the banking lending rates became very low. This could stall economic growth thereby instigating loss of jobs in Europe when companies are forced to limit their spending just to keep afloat. Stringent measures had to be thought out quickly as it required the intervention of economic giants like the US and Germany. This was meant to help avert the crisis that would lead to another global financial crisis. Countries like Greece were on the verge of defaulting to repay some of the loans lend out by the ECB and IMF. Thus, the intervention of Germany to help in stimulating the economy of Greece to help it repay the loan was crucial ( OECD Economic Surveys: Greece 2011 , 2011). The Solow growth model The Solow growth model is an economic graph that examines economic growth by checking how factors like production, population and capital affect the economy. Factors of production like capital and labour affect production in terms of volume and quality. Consumption of goods forms a part of the equation. In this case, demand and supply forces determine the cost of production. The Solow model is represented by the following equation. Y = c + I, where y represents the production function in an economy, c represents consumption, whereas the I represent investments. The Solow model can be represented by the graph below. From the graph, it is clear that the higher the economy’s output, the greater the amount of investment. In the case of Greece, the government should increase the level of national output to stabilize the economy. In turn, this will increase the level of investment and thus leading to increased production. A country’s level of output is determined by the input factors. These are factors present in the country where capital and labour resources need to be well utilized to increase the level of output. The Solow growth model can indicat
Introduction The present paper addresses the challenges of the delivery process of the informed process to patients with limited English proficiency in the field of radiation sciences. Limited English proficiency (LEP) is defined as reporting the command of the English language to be less than “very well” for individuals over the age of five (Zong & Batalova, 2015). In the United States, the population with LEP has grown by 80%, from 14 million to 25.1 million between 1990 and 2013 (Zong & Batalova, 2015). Given the current migration tendencies and enhanced global mobility, it is projected that the United States will welcome even more migrants, including those whose English proficiency creates barriers to seeking medical help. It is readily imaginable how seeing a patient with LEP may be frustrating for both the patient and the health worker. The need to communicate clearly and precisely, at times using proper medical terms that require advanced English comprehension, is especially relevant in radiology. Many radiological and radiographic procedures have side effects and health considerations of which patients should be aware. The question arises as to how radiologists and other health workers in this field should handle language discordance when obtaining consent from patients with LEP. Literature Review According to Zong and Batalova (2015), the growth rate in populations with LEP is at 8.5% per annum – a tendency that has the potential to aggravate the situation even further. Yet, literature on the topic is scarce and primarily focuses on the outcomes of the negligence of language discordance. As of now, it is evident that patients with LEP suffer from a lack of expertise in handling bilingual spaces. As stated by Raynor (2015), 62% of LEP patients report not having all their questions answered by their health provider. What is more, half of them were not even sure about the rationale behind their treatment plan or whether they understood the prescriptions correctly. The main reason behind miscommunication was the language barrier. Parsons, Baker, Smith-Gorvie, and Hudak (2014) show that health workers are as frustrated as LEP patients. When researching Canadian hospitals in cities with diverse populations, Parsons (2014) discovered that health workers were more inclined to try to resolve the situation on their own rather than get help. As the study participants admitted, in a clinical setting where time might be the most valuable resource, getting help meant slowing down th
The world has undergone several developments with new inventions coming up each new day. Comparing the world many years ago and presently, it can be deduced that it has changed in various ways. Starting from the very simple invention of fire to the most recent one of computers it is clear that the world has undergone great changes. However, amongst all the inventions and developments, there are those that have had a positive impact and those that have had negative impacts on the world. For instance, the invention of communication technology has been of great help to the entire world because of the convenience and reliability it has come with. There are different opinions on what people think of as being the worst invention that the world would be better off without it. Some of these inventions include, computers, genetically modified organisms, ICT scans, and even motor vehicles just to mention a few. However, before deciding whether the invention was not worth being developed, the pros and cons have to be considered. According to my opinion, the invention of nuclear weapons should be considered as the worst invention to have ever taken place on earth. This is because of the mere fact that this invention has come with many negative effects. For one, nuclear weapons are referred to as weapons of mass destruction since they can kill thousands of people at once (Pike 1). In such a scenario, they end up killing even the innocent people who have not committed any crime. Take for instance the cases of Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings both in Japan where nuclear weapons were used to destroy the two cities. The death toll was about 90,000 to 166,000 people and 60,000 to 80, 0000 people in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Such huge numbers of killings only occur with the use of nuclear weapons and not any other weapons of war. For instance, use of weapons such as guns, pistols, knives, and swords among others cannot be used to kill such numbers of people. In addition to destroying people, nuclear weapons are known to destroy everything found in the place where the nuclear weapons are used. By doing this, it deters development since all the things that will have been established will be destroyed. Nuclear weapons do not only have short-term effects but also have long-terms effects that will be felt in place where they have been used. The most common effect being that of gene mutation whereby, the residues of nuclear weapons on human beings, animals, plants, and the soil lead to changes i
Ethnographic research is an evidence-based practice aimed at understanding the behaviors, practices, and norms of a given culture. The issue of gender forms an integral part of every region or community. A study focusing on this topic can offer meaningful insights for understanding human relations, identifying most of the challenges they face, and offering powerful concepts to empower them. This paper gives a detailed summary and analysis of the information gained after conducting a research focusing on the issue of gender separation in Zayed University. Research Question and Hypothesis Gender separation is a common practice observed in Abu Dhabi whereby sex is used to group people in different learning institutions and workplaces. A study focusing on Zayed University was capable of presenting meaningful information regarding the nature of this issue. A proper research question was considered to support the intended study. Research Question What are the implications of gender separation in Zayed University and how does such an initiative affect the experiences of learners? Hypothesis Although gender separation in Zayed University is a practice informed by the culture of the region, there are positive and negative impacts associated with the experiences, relationships, and outcomes of different students. Background Although gender separation remains a common practice in Abu Dhabi, some issues have emerged that make it impossible for people to achieve their potential. Such an occurrence could also deliver positive outcomes in different societies and make it possible for many citizens to achieve their potential (Baites & Fratkin, 2002). Without the presence of clear facts or aspects regarding this practice, I was convinced that a study focusing on gender separation in Zayed University could present superior insights for proposing new superior ideas to the government. The successful completion of the research could also become a new opportunity for transforming sex relations in this country. The fact that there was a need for men and women to coexist in different environments and pursue their respective gender roles drew me to this topic. The formulated question was also right and capable of presenting positive insights for addressing this issue. This was the case since the research could present superior ideas regarding the reasons for implementing the idea of gender separation and the major issues associated with it (Baites & Fratkin, 2002). After the successful completion of the study, this topic came out: how can learning institutions consider a new model to overcome the challenges gender separation causes? Study Analysis As a citizen of this country, I believe that the intended study was relevant and capable of presenting useful insights that can empower and make it easier for me to achieve my potential. This is true since the issue of gender separation affects all individuals across the region and it is in accordance with the existing culture (Baites & Fratkin, 2002). The study was conducted in a professional manner and without any form of bias. I al
Gifted education refers to the special measures, theories, and practices that are used to educate students that are brilliant in special ways. It is a way of educating students that are gifted in special talents. To educate these students the differentiation is applied where the curriculum is modified to meet the special need of a gifted student. The teacher modifies the content and the process of learning in order to get the product. The content should be organized according to student’s interests and it should motivate critical thinking. The content can be enriched depending on the students’ rate of understanding. Gifted students can also be put in heterogeneous group to allow them mix with students with different talents. This encourages them to appreciate each others talent. They can also be grouped depending on their talent. This means students with the same talent grouped together. This allows them to receive all instructions during class time and they can learn from the students with the same talent in order to furnish their talent (Rogers and Karen, 2002). This paper will show how I can create a differentiated curriculum to meet the needs of students with diverse socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. The barriers that can be encountered in teaching gifted students include some students not being interested in other learning activities or they may not respond properly to differential curriculum. In such case the individualization program should be applied to educate students specifically on their talents. Socioeconomics and cultural background of a student can also affect implementation of differentiated curriculum (Rogers and Karen, 2002). Socioeconomic and cultural issues greatly affect differentiation of a curriculum for gifted students. Some of cultural issues include diverse concepts carried from the culture of the student. Some of the gifted students’ economics backgrounds are very poor. The aim of differentiating the curriculum is to offer an appropriate chance for gifted and talented learners. In a differentiated curriculum tutors present varied models to what pupils learn, what the pupils have learnt and how the pupils put to practice what they have learnt. During preparation of curriculum it is vital to have a demo to establish what is already known to the learners and their level of their skill attainment. The demo offers important information about individual variance in capabilities within class. Pre-testing can also be used to delete the outcomes that have already been achieved if students show they have already mastered them. I would develop a curriculum that would discourage dismal performance so that it should challenge and enhance students accordingly. The differentiated curriculum should be able to make students develop critical and creative thinking (Sriraman and Dahl, 2007). I would add new content
Introduction Numerous changes have been introduced in the education system over the last few decades. One of the recent changes is the introduction of new legislation such as the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), which has had a significant influence on the quality of education in schools. Some of people who are the most affected by this legislation are the teachers. In this literature review, some pertinent questions about the act and its effect on teachers and their experience will be investigated through an analysis of relevant literature on the same. Do teachers feel that NCLB affects their abilities to infuse creative and engaging strategies in their classroom? In what way does AYP ranking affect teachers’ instructional practices? The other question that will be answered in the literature review and the study is whether (and in what ways) the teachers’ instructional practices have been affected by NCLB accountability policies. Do teachers feel NCLB affects their abilities to infuse creative and engaging strategies in their classroom? Many studies have been conducted on the effects of NCLB on operations in schools and the effects on students and their achievements. However, few of these researches investigate the effects that the teachers have experienced because of the same. In most of the researches that are done on the effect of NCLB, some of the findings depict positive effects on the achievements by the students, with the most significant being in math (Dee & Jacob, 2011). Despite these findings, it is unlikely that the laws affect the students only. Rather, they also have significant effects on their learning environment, especially their teachers. For sure, the accountability logic in the law suggests that schools find ways of improving students’ performance including the changing of how teachers approach teaching (Manna, 2011). In support of the above postulations, some researchers have concluded that the NCLB has led to teachers spending more of their class time in teaching the major subjects such as math and/or looking for improved instructional strategies, but with reduced productivity (Kinniburgh, & Shaw, 2009). The changes in the teaching practices, though meant to introduce positive productivity in the system, have also had some other effects on
Special education refers to the education offered to individuals with exceptional needs with the aim of meeting their personal requirements. It entails the use of specially designed and systematically supervised system of teaching. It also involves the use of resources, modified devices as well as accessible teaching environment to enable the learners with unique needs to realize self-reliance and achievement at school and in their society. For this reason, special education is meant to offer extra support, programs and a distinctive educational setting to meet the needs of the special students. More often than not, the support of the special programs is offered by both the government and non-governmental organizations. This essay focuses on special education, and critically analyzes the various cases of special students, the appropriate instruction strategies and the challenges facing special education today. The paper seeks to identify the best practices of handling students with special needs (Jorgensen, 1998). The History of Special Education The concern of special education dates back from World War II with the rise of parent-organized groups which advocated for it. Among the pioneer unions advocating for education for the disadvantaged was the American Association on Mental Deficiency. This organization convened its first conference in 1947. Several other parental unions had cropped up by 1950. These organizations were mostly supported by civil rights organizations such as Muscular Dystrophy Association, The Panel on Mental Retardation by John F. Kennedy and the United Cerebral Palsy Association. At the beginning of 1960, several schools offering special education had been established both at the local and state levels. The current history of special education in USA can be attributed to the intensive public awareness at that time. It started with the Congressional endorsement of the ‘Education for All Handicapped Children Act’ in 1975. This act was meant to support local as well as the states to shield the rights of all the children with disabilities together with their relatives (Jerry, 2010). The adoption of this law in 1977, turned out to be the legal basis for finan
Transmission and Pathophysiology For this reason, TB is an airborne disease; it is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing the pathogens to the environment. Transmission occurs when these infected droplets are inhaled by a healthy person who consequently contracts the infection. When inhaled, the Tubercle bacilli are carried to the alveolar, where they cause infection. They are proliferated in the alveolar macrophages and eventually kill the cells. If proliferation is not controlled, the tubercle becomes larger, forcing bacilli to enter local lymph nodes, causing lymphadenopathy. If the body fails to produce a cell-mediated immune response, bacilli replication continues increasing damage to the lungs. A tuberculosis lesion due to necrosis may be formed at this stage (Adigun & Singh, 2021). If bacteria are allowed to continue replicating, the hematogenous spread of bacilli may be induced, leading to disseminated TB. Tubercle bacilli may also cause erosion along the lung airway rendering the patient infectious. The process above occurs in people who develop the primary and active phases of the disease. Other people develop a latent tuberculosis infection when infected and are therefore asymptomatic. In this group of people, only 5-10% evolve into the primary condition (Adigun & Singh, 2021). LTBI patients do not manifest any symptoms and are unable to spread the infection. The immune system is triggered for these persons, and macrophages kill or encapsulate the bacilli forming granuloma. They are therefore not considered to have tuberculosis disease (Adigun & Singh, 2021). Some patients may experience reactivation of the disease years later in cases of immunosuppression. It affects mainly the lymph nodes and causes lesions at the lung apices. However, it should be noted that a successfully controlled latent TB infection can confer protection against tuberculosis exposure. Clinical Manifestations TB is characterized by:   * Three-week long persistent and non-remitting coughs   * Purulent cough with a hemoptysis characteristic   * Breathlessness as a result of lung damage   * Pleuritic chest pains   * Night sweats   * weight loss   * Fever   * Fatigue   * Malaise The primary identified medical concerns for Maria were night sweats, fever, and a persistent cough. Further examination showed cervical and axial lymphadenopathy and abnormal lung sounds in her upper lobes. The patient’s sputum was cultured and tested and was found to have Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Regarding medical, psychosocial concerns, the patient identified as an immigrant, which made her hesitant to seek treatment. She also spoke of the loss of her grandmother, whom she had lived with in Peru. Maria believed that she had succumbed to tuberculosis; this proved that she had been in contact with a TB-positive person in her recent past. Maria even developed stress since the knowledge of her condition and its persistent nature. Implications of the Treatment Regimen The treatment of tuberculosis generally involves drug therapy for many months, up to