ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Hobbies are favorite activities a person does for fun rather than for gain and does so from time to time, not as a regular business. In a way, one may define hobbies as one’s favorite entertainment. Therefore, it is vital to understand the importance of hobbies in people’s lives. Hobbies are not innate passions that are already within one’s personality at birth – on the contrary, their development is a continuous and systematic process. The primary purpose of a hobby is to get joy from it, which is why a part of its definition is that people do not pursue hobbies to make a profit (Kettering University Online, 2019). It is an important way to achieve mental and physical relaxation. While people may choose many ways to speed up their time, not every activity can restore their lost energy and invigorate them. One may argue that a hobby that suits one’s interests, nature, and budget is the best way to spend free time due to having numerous benefits. Stress Relief Hobbies are frequently thought of as activities for people who live a calm and relaxed lifestyle. However, people with a busy and stressful lifestyle require them even more than an average person, and can benefit greatly from having them in their lives. Hobbies provide numerous advantages and are usually well worth the time invested. According to (2019), hobbies provide important psychological relief from the constant work-related responsibility. It is particularly important for those who feel overwhelmed by their work-related activities. For them, it can be challenging to find sufficient time and opportunity and relax from a busy schedule, especially if they perceive hobbies as a waste of time. But engaging in hobbies can be a meaningful break where people are not merely sitting but doing something productive in their free time. As such, a hobby can provide a psychologically useful break during the working week. Apart from that, hobbies are a great source of pleasure for those who are not overly stressed and may be lacking in stimulation. They provide the healthy type of stress-free offer that people require to continue enjoying their lives. When the rest of life is boring and hard to go on with, hobbies can give purpose and firmness, as well as break up monotonous schedules. More importantly, still, they do so without making people feel like they are working (Jachimowicz et al., 2019). Group hobbies are particularly rewarding in this respect – golf rotations, creative writing, and even knitting circles groups are all excellent examples. By bringing people together with others, they can provide much-needed social support. Acquaintances that one gets through hobbies have a considerable potential to become best friends, with all the psychological benefits involved. Positive psychology, which focuses on studying what makes life worthwhile, discovers that joy can be b
Advancement in technology and communication has enabled organizations to engage in international markets; the growth of global market is facilitated by improvement in international relations among nations. With economic globalization, organizations continue trading and exchanging factors of trade across the borders. Trade among nations prevails through the operations of absolute and comparative advantage paradigms of trade; the country with an advantage in production of certain commodities or services becomes the exporter and imports those commodities/services that its trading partner can produce more effectively (East African Community Official Website n. p.). This paper evaluates the effect that improved international relations among countries have on international trade; it will address the topic using the EAC agreement among Uganda, the Republic of Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and Kenya as a sample trade agreement. Explain why two or more countries signed a particular trade agreement A trade agreement is defined as a contact between two or more countries that define the nature and policies of trade that the parties to the contract will adhere to; it offers the framework of trade among the partner countries. The agreements are engaged in order to facilitate business among the partners while creating some preferential treatment of the partner’s goods and services in the efforts of facilitating trade (Timmons and Hite 43-67). The East African Community agreement (EAC) (comprises of Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) is a regional intergovernmental organisation mandated with the role of facilitating trade among the nations, it has its headquarters in Arusha, United republic of Tanzania. The history of EAC Agreement can be traced from the good neighbourhood and trading relations that had existed among Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The three nations had been trading among each other as they were joined by road network, air transport and lake transport routes through Lake Victoria. The EAC agreement was signed in 1977; however, the final implications of the agreement were expected to take effect in 1999. The agreement was established, and finally signed by the countries’ head of states on 30 th November 1999 to take effect from 7 th July 2000 after the completion of its ratification and deposit of the Instruments of Ratification with the Secretary General by all the three Partner States (East African Community Official Website n. p.). The main reasons the signing of EAC Agreement The main reason that triggered the need to have a common trading block in the f
Making an ATM Money Withdrawal Figure 1. ATM Money Withdrawal. The process of money withdrawal from an ATM can be viewed as a rather basic procedure. As Figure 1 shows, the bank customer needs to insert the card and provide the pin code. However, the above-mentioned scenario may have certain variations. Mainly, the code provided may turn out incorrect. In case of the specified error, the bank customer will have their card returned by the ATM and possibly blocked by the bank. Afterwards, the type of the account, from which funds are to be withdrawn, needs to be specified. Traditionally, a bank client needs to choose between the current account and the savings. In both cases, the next step will require detailing the amount of money to be withdrawn from the ATM. Afterwards, the question regarding the receipt will be asked. Answering “yes,” the bank client will receive one prior to retrieving the money, whereas answering “No” means that no receipt will be provided. If the sum of money stated in the corresponding field exceeds the one that the card was loaded with, the notification concerning the insufficient funds will appear on the screen of the ATM. If the amount of money to be withdrawn from the ATM is legitimate, the ATM will dispense the cash, possibly the receipt and the credit card ( Seven easy steps to withdraw with your debit (ATM) card , n. d.). Making an Account Deposit Figure 2. Account Deposit. As the picture provided above shows, the process of making an account deposit is rather basic. Also involving the use of an ATM, it repeats the first two steps. As soon as the card is inserted, and the pin is provided, one must select the “Deposits” option and then choose “Savings.” As soon as the specified steps are carried out, a window for entering the amount of money to be deposited will emerge. Using the keys of the ATM, one must state the sum to be deposited from the account. The above-mentioned step may lead to two key outcomes. In case the sum has been entered correctly, the customer proceeds to the next step of the transaction. However, in case the sum was entered incorrectly (particularly, in case the amount of money requested is larger than the sum of money that the customer is going to deposit) a notification regarding insufficient funds will arrive. The latter scenario presupposes that the ATM suggests performing a different transaction. In this case, one should press “yes” and retrieve the card. In the former case, the bank client should choose the option of carrying out a different transaction and repeat the steps mentioned above. After confirming the operation by pressin
American Civil War: Book Review In this chapter (14), we review the American Civil War. Deloria acknowledges that the American Civil War happened during Abraham Lincoln’s era from 1860 to 1865 when he was assassinated. Lincoln, the first Republican president, assumed the presidency after receiving 180 out of possible 303 votes. His victory is owed to his stand against slavery. His ascendancy to power sparked series of secessions in the very year, having started with the State of South Carolina and then having followed by 10 other southern states to form the Confederate States. Authors note that the American Civil War had officially started in 1861, having followed the Confederate’s attack on Fort Sumter. This prompted Lincoln to issue a “Proclamation of Blockade against Southern ports” (Deloria, Limerick, Rakove, and Burner 421). This was vital in starving the rural South from accessing industrial raw materials from a relatively developed North. Importantly, the Confederates sustained more attacks on the Union forces of the North, and in July 1861, under the command of General Thomas J. Jackson, the Confederates overcame the Union troops at the Bull Run. This is when Lincoln realized that the war was much tasking. Later, the war spiraled over, drawing the interest of the international community (British, in particular) after Lincoln seizes Confederates who were headed for Britain. Britain, as one of the ten superpowers, threatened Lincoln who later on gave up, having released the captives. As such, he remarked that he would have dealt with “one war at a time” (Deloria, Limerick, Rakove, and Burner 430). This prompted Lincoln to lodge an attack on the Confederates, with General Ulysses Grant leading the invasion, which resulted in the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson. The Confederate’s retaliatory attack in Shiloh in April 1862 was fetal as it led to deaths and causalities of 23,000 troops. 13,000 of the dead were the Union forces. From that time to September, the nature of attacks was intermittent, with the Antietam War recording the worst death toll of all times (26,000 dead men). On January 1, 1963, President Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclamation of slaves following the defeat of Confederates at Fredericksburg in Virgin. Again the Confederates came out stronger, but that was a short-lived victory as they succumbed to defeat at Gettysburg. Subsequent aggressions by the Union forces on the Confederates were more coordinated attacks than they had been before, and they culminated in the destruction of the Confederates’ railway network and warehouses on November 15, 1964. Later, at the beginning of the following year, Congress “approved the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, to abolish slavery” (Deloria, Limerick, Rakove and Burner 442). A peace conference four days later backfired, and as such the war continued. Meanwhile, the battalions of the South that were still fighting the North were in Petersburg and North Carolina, under the command of Generals Lee and Johnson respectively. Against this backdrop, Lincoln got re-elected on March 4, 1865, and vowed to finish what he had started. Lee’s final attack on
The value of Having a Mentor Nursing is a professional area of practice which deals with provision of health services to patients in a hospital setting. It is considered as a helping profession because nurses usually empathize with patients during treatment. By being empathetic, the nurses imagine themselves in the situation of the patients and as a result, they are able to effectively understand what the patients go through and offer the necessary support. The training of nurses is considered as one of the most stressful experiences for the learners. The reason is that it involves attending to patients with various illnesses, chronic conditions, and victims of fatal accidents. The learners are also faced with horrible experiences, which if not properly managed may lead to burnout or in some extreme cases; the experiences may scare the learners from the nursing profession. As a result, there is need for the learners to identify a clinical expert to walk with them hand in hand in their learning journey. The expert provides guidance and acts as a role model to the learners. Through their interaction with the mentor, the learners become motivated to learn new experiences. The learners also get the courage to overcome the feelings of burnout or the temptations to quit the profession and as a result, they aspire to achieve their learning objectives using the expert as an example (Kinnell & Hughes, 2010). Selecting a Mentor Before learners embark on the process of selecting a mentor, they should first understand the characteristics of a good mentor. A good mentor should be able to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the learners and help them deal with their weaknesses. The mentor should also be conversant with the topic and the emerging issues related to the topic. This kind of understanding is important because it enables the mentor to guide the learners in an appropriate way. The mentor should also be able to enhance the ability of the learners to make wise decisions and empower them with crucial resources for reference purposes (Grossman, 2013). After understanding these characteristics, the leaners should look for a person whom they personally admire. The reason is that mentorship should be guided by the principles of friendship, understanding, and interest to help each other to achieve certain objectives. Once these requirements are fulfilled, the learners should proceed to establishing rapport with the mentor by discussing their learning objectives. The sharing enables the mentor to contextualize the learners’ objectives so as to know how best to help them (Grossman, 2013). Working with a Mentor After identifying the mentor and establishing rapport, the learners should have regular meetings with the mentor. Before any practical activity or lesson, the leaners should
Climate change is a direct threat to biodiversity for several reasons. First, the global temperature rise may lead to a sea-level rise of 4-6 meters (How does climate change affect biodiversity?”). Such change will lead to a loss of habitat of millions of species that will not be able to adapt to the new reality. The disappearance of species may also be provoked by disturbance of the air’s chemical composition and a growing number of natural disasters (“How Climate Change Affects Biodiversity”). In Africa, the population of some animals may decrease by 50% by the end of the century, while 90% of coral reefs in the Pacific Ocean may disappear by 2050 (Harvey). In short, climate change is a problem that must be addressed to prevent the extinction of animals and insects. Decreased biodiversity is a threat to humanity’s survival since it can distort the delicate balance in which our planet exists. For instance, bees in Europe and all over the world are dying due to climate change (“UN Biodiversity Report”). Since bees pollen most of the crops, such an event may lead to food insecurity and more deaths from starvation. Additionally, the extinction of certain plants may mean the rise of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere provoking further global temperature increase (Hoffman). If the Earth becomes too hot, people may fail to adapt to the new climate. Despite all the negative
Introduction The two sites, namely, Cosmopolitan (www.cosmopolitan.com) and Maxim (www.maxim.com), present some ideas about the gender-specific activities of men and women. Both of them bear certain similarities regarding their views on sexuality and their concept of the probable ways of men and women react to and have expectations from each other. These concepts can be discussed under certain categories as follows. Message in the Sites Both the sites concerned have conveyed certain messages about the way a man or a woman should look, act or think. Though there is a basic difference in the way a man and woman should behave with each other or even individually, the main aim of both of them is to attract and continue getting each other’s attention. How are women supposed to look, act or think? The woman portrayed in these sites is supposed to look ‘hot’ and sexy in order to be attractive to a man. Women are supposed to dress up in a way that boosts up their sex appeals. Women have also been advised to keep watch on their men apart from being desirable themselves as they might be playing with them. Women also need to pamper their relationship with men and not irritate them by repeatedly mentioning their ex-loves and harping on the wires that men do not like. A woman in these sites actually has been portrayed as a quite pampered gender, but unfortunately, she has a lot of chances to be wronged as well (Cosmopolitan 1). How are men supposed to look, act or think? A man by looks is similarly supp
Among the recent scientific discoveries, one of the most fascinating is a presence of liquid lake on Mars. The scientists found liquid water under the ice caps on the planet. It might be a sign that Mars can have some living organisms after all. Despite the previous reports about water on the planet, it is the largest discovery which is supported by undeniable evidence (Chang & Overbye, 2018). The article describes how exactly scientists were able to obtain the data about water. They used the radar measurement to find a 12-mile-wide lake. The ice caps protect water from dust, radiation, and temperatures which are destructive for living organisms (Chang & Overbye, 2018). Hence, the lake and ice create a comfortable environment for microbes and other organisms to exist. A topic of planetary exploration seems very exciting, especially, considering the Mars mission which will be completed in several years from now. As a matter of fact, it is also an interesting article because it revolves around the probability of having a new form of life in the Solar System outside the Earth. Therefore, if there are living organisms in the lake on Mars, there can be even more of them on other planets (Chang & Overbye, 2018). The space exploration overall seems a very positive field of science as it keeps looking for new opportunities for humankind to learn about the universe, its laws, and potential ways of development. Additionally, the article is not speculation, but a reliable description of discovery which is based on accurate data. I fully support the discovery and the scientific activity focused on space research. First of all, it helps to understand the general development of planets, systems, and galaxies. Even though this type of analysis can take years and even decades, still the results are significant for entire humankind (Chang, 2015). Secondly, the space exploration slowly but steadily creates opportunities for people to populate other space objects or to find alternative sources of energy. The field might seem a part of the science-fiction universe; however, it has substantial progress which pushes the boundaries of modern technologies, knowledge, and capabilities of humanity. The authors of the article provide the reference to an original scientific study. However, the article is an interpretation of scientific findings, it can be even called an adaptation. The original article includes complex diagrams and graphs with the numbers of the radar measurement. At the same time, there are no references which might prove or reject the information. Even though the article might seem to contain unverified information, the status of The New York Times establishes a certain extent of credibility. Typically, such media companies do not want to risk their image to discuss scientific discoveries and they do not publish unverifiable information. Hence, I am sure that the data is reliable and can be used as a credible source. I need to see some evidence to believe the inform
Introduction In the event that the company is restructuring and expanding, and I am provided with an opportunity for choosing the position that suits me best, I would prefer being the company’s manager. Possessing the ability to define my role implies that I will be extremely effective in benefitting the company, as well becoming successful as an employee. A Manager’s Role in a Company Being the manager at the company means that I will be the company’s building block. Basically, my roles will be regulatory, guidance, staffing, strategizing, and planning. Moreover, I will be responsible for the company’s resources and should, therefore, be able to utilize them effectively (Yukl, 2006). It is easy to achieve this through organized human efforts. So as to achieve the objectives at the company, I will be responsible for aligning individual and company objectives. This will help in achieving long- term goals. In carrying out these roles, I will employ the charismatic leadership style. Leadership Style Model By using this leadership style, I will be able to inspire enthusiasm in the team and make them extremely energetic to motivate each other, and move forward. It is extremely important to earn dedication and excitement from the company’s team (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Weaknesses and Strengths of the Leadership Style Through the charismatic leadership style, the company’s team is extremely energetic and motivates each other. This ensures more commitment and dedication. Charismatic leaders often focus on themselves more, and do not welcome transformations. Leaders believe in themselves more, as opposed to their dreams. Because of this, there is a high likelihood that a project or the company might collapse in case the leader leaves. Moreover, the leader believes more in the path he is taking, irrespective of any warnings given. Consequently, this invincibility feeling may eventually destroy the company. The team associates success with the charismatic leader. Hence, this type of leadership calls for immense responsibility and there is need for long- term dedication (Mintzberg et al, 2003). Comparison and Contrast of Three Leadership Theories Situational Leadership, transformational, and charismatic leadership The leader takes the best action based on situational factors. Similar to charismatic leadership, the capability and motivation of the employees is extremely vital. This is because they influence the decisions made. Therefore, the relationship between the employees and manager is principal as it influences decision making in the company. Similar to charismatic leadership, the manager should keep the employees motivated so as to ensure their dedication and loyalty. The transformational leadership style is founded on the assumption that employees are more dedicated and loyal to leaders who inspire them. The second assumption is that leaders who possess passion and vision have higher chances of greater achievements (Mind Tools, 2013). Finally, to achieve the great achieve