ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract With the aim to investigate, the economic diversification of Qatar, this paper has looked over the relevant literature review of economic diversification that encouraged and developed the conceptual framework of such economic strategy. By using secondary data, this paper scrutinized the economic diversification of Qatar from three arguments, such as, development of financial sector as diversification efforts, expansion of knowledge-based economy as diversification efforts, progress of other service sectors as diversification efforts by using most recent data. The paper concludes that the progress of economic diversification of Qatar has gained a significant progress, but due to the changing nature of global economy, the authority of Qatar needs to consider the economic diversification as a continuous process to mitigate any further risk. Introduction Qatar is the pioneer of economic diversification among the GCC nations; although the country has been facing different economic obstacles following the impact of global financial crisis and economic downturn, the country uphold a strong record of economic development due to its diversified economic planning and moderate leadership in this region with a balance between oil and non-oil sector. Staring from the independence in 1971, the country has discovered a vast reserve of hydrocarbon resources, but the government of Qatar introduced most dynamic economic planning to reduce its extreme dependency on the oil sector and emphasized to develop the non-oil sector taking into account of domestic needs and international market, along with regional collaboration, technical feasibility, and fiscal challenges. This paper has aimed to investigate the degree of economic diversification of Qatar from the theoretical viewpoint and practical data available from different research in this area with to aim to provide a better understanding in this discipline that would ultimately explore new area for further research. Literature Review of Economic Diversification This literature review of economic diversification of Qatar has organized with the prevailing idea and inspiration of the most prominent economist in the theoretical and institutional field working with sustainable development of the global economy along with their linked data where Qatar is the focal point in this regards wit the aimed to provide greater insights with practical implication. Ahmadov (1) pointed out that the economic diversification is the pathways of gaining economic growth of a country through the different means without providing excessive pressure on the plentiful in natural resources of that country due to the reason that the natural resources are not renewable and the overall stock is limited. Many scholars argued that unaccountable use of natural resources would bring profound deformation in the economy with less industrialization and reducing employment opportunity, less saving and investment that ultimately provide deprived mobility economic activity and economic growth of the country. Klinger and Lederman (11) and Humphreys (3) added that extreme national
What are some of the pitfalls of adopting the newest technologies related to industry partnerships? Partnerships in various industries adopt new technologies with aim of reducing complexities, costs, reduce risks, standardize operations, increasing agility, and improving quality. This is possible because advanced technologies enable running the affairs of firms from any location in the world. Delivery is not limited to the office. New technologies also enhance governance as transparency is improved. However, adopting the technology faces a myriad of challenges that include change management issues from the old system to the new system that emphasize service delivery and the failure of organizations to rationalize the current state and the future. Besides, they fail to bridge between the two extremes thereby failing to get value for the money spent on acquiring the new technology (Ahlstrom & Sjostrom, 2005). Furthermore, lack of enough knowledge on quality, failure to manage change, lack of innovation, and poor standards of measuring success are other pitfalls that partnerships are faced with when adopting modern technologies. Partnerships fail instantly when they start adapting to new technologies in their businesses. This is because they have problems in successfully changing to service delivery. This is the entrance point for change. The challenge stems from a misstep by the management of the partnerships to assess the requirements, design, and process implementation of the technology change. This leads to a failure in incorporating technology into the business (Cheung, Welford, and Hills, 2009). Businesses do not rationalize their IT department. This includes evaluating and comparing costs between purchasing, hiring, and the value of ownership that could result from either of the two options. Partnerships cannot also integrate innovation into the organization’s working culture. Sometimes businesses apply wholesome changes thereby making it difficult to progress. However, they are supposed to apply a process that can initiate IT changes progressively. Partnerships fail to plan strategically to use IT in innovation. By applying that technology in itself can lead to positive changes, partnerships bring about efficiency and as such, they become complacent and fail to put in place a proper framework that could manage the process of technological change. Most partnerships carry out technological changes to satisfy customers and base their performance appraisal on customer satisfaction (Snijders and Bosker, 1999). Although this is good, it is not enough. It can be used to set up standards of success. The metrics that are associated with it include efficiency, which is achieved by sticking to set targets, retaining tacit knowledge, and quality assessment based on the “staff, get it right in their first attempt”. The problem that partnerships in industries do not understand when using customer satisfaction is that customers have different standards of measuring service delivery. Carrying analysis using the methods listed above by picking representative samples would be the right strategy. Most companies do not add quality to their
The contractions of muscles that allow us to move would not appear without the work done by motor units. Sir Charles Sherrington made a great contribution to the study of a human body when he stated that people could move due to the action that occurs between a motor (efferent) neuron and muscle fibers and introduced the concept of a motor unit. The researcher assumed that “each muscle fiber receives innervation from only one motor neuron, and that the muscle fiber faithfully responds to every impulse of the motor neuron” (Floeter 1). As can be seen, their basic structure is rather simple and includes only an efferent neuron and muscle fibers. Motor units can be of different sizes, depending on the type of contraction of the muscles. The smallest ones deal with the smallest neurons and fibers and turn into slow motor units with low myosin ATPase activity. An intermediate size of neuron and diameter of muscle fiber means that the motor unit is fast-oxidative with high myosin ATPase activity. Finally, the largest fast-glycolytic units with high myosin ATPase activity come (“Motor Units” par. 7). As a rule, the muscles include different types of motor units in various proportions depending on the individual’s genetics; the quadriceps, for example, has a relatively equal proportion of slow and fast units. In this way, the extraocular muscles are fast motor units, while postural muscles are slow ones. Of course, it is impossible just to memorize all the information about the motor units in the spare of the moment. Still, its constituents are rather easy to remember, as there are only two of them. The connection between size and types is also clear. If the constitutes are large, the motor unit is also large and fast. The contradiction can provide an example: the eyes and extraocular muscles are small, so the units are fast. If motor neurons and muscle fibers are small, the motor unit is small and slow. The back and postural muscles in it are big, so the units are slow. Dealing with slow and fast motor units, it is critical to remember two opposites, slow-oxidative and fast-glycolytic. The intermediate part will have the characteristics of both of them and can be easily recollected when combining the names of these two: fast (glycolytic) + (slow) oxidative = fast-oxidative. One of the latest researchers connected with this topic focuses on “determining the selectivity of access to large numbers of independent motor units through intrafascicular multielectrode stimulation of the peripheral nerve” (McDonnall, Clark, and Normann 599). In other words, scientists try to investigate the connection between nerves and motor units, influencing them from the outside, which seems to be rather unusual. Motor units play an important role in our lives, as with the help of them, we can control our movements and cope with day-to-day activities. They make our muscles contract and give us the ability to blink, talk, brush hair, etc. Even the simplest movements would be unobtainable for us without motor units. They are the vital components of any action. This topic is extremely important, as it allows us to understand not only the way in which
Introduction Deforestation is the cutting down of trees by human beings and animals either for use or for other reasons. Tropical rainforests are the dense vegetation areas on the earths ground and they stretch from the equator. Most of these forests are found five degrees north and five degrees south of the equator. The tropical rainforests cover 13% of the earth’s surface and they accounted for 50% of the forests in the world. Researchers have found out that 33% of birds, amphibians and mammals on earth live in the tropical rainforests. In the recent past, these tropical rainforests have been disappearing rapidly due to deforestation. The rate at which these tropical rainforests are being destroyed is alarming and effective ways have to be enacted to control this in order to save the current generation and future generations. Control of deforestation will also save animals in the forests and give them places to inhabit. In order to curb this issue perfectly, the causes of deforestation should be highlighted and then each of them solved in the best way possible. As many people clear the forests to settle, governments in the affected countries ought to find better ways of settling their people (Jepma 29). Discussion This study aims at analyzing the causes of deforestation in tropical rainforest, the impacts of the same and the methods of controlling deforestation. The process of cutting trees begins with human beings and animals, brings about the effects that are observed, and thus is the reason a solution ought to be got, as this is a very serious issue in the entire world (Place 16). Causes of deforestation in tropical rainforests Causes of deforestation in tropical rainforests are categorized into two types. These are the immediate causes and the underlying causes. The first immediate cause of deforestation in these forests is logging. Companies associated with logging cut down mature trees to use as timber and as logs for other uses such as electric posts. This cutting down of mature trees confuses many since the loggers argue that seedlings would grow naturally and the forests will regain their initial status in due time. This however is not real because of logging practices and the nature of the forests. As the logs are being transported, roads are created and they lead to further deforestation. In addition, the soil through which the machines pass is compacted and some hard layers form in the soil affecting the regeneration of the forests (Ghazoul and Sheil 86). This cause of deforestation also opens chances for other ways of deforestation. The roads created as the logs are carried away up ways for people to enter the forests and do further destruction. The next immediate
Introduction Tim Robbins stars as Andy Dufresne, a triumphant young banker who is verdicted to life custody for the killing of his wife and her lover. Andy is sent to Shawshank jail, a dour and miserable place where viciousness from both guards and other convicts is ordinary. Andy makes pals with Ellis Boyd “Red” Redding, a lifer who has already lived many years in the jail. Red is an expert in smuggling things and objects into the prison for the others. Red soon realizes that Andy is a most curious prisoner, though at first it seems to do him not very good – he is abused by other imprisoned He starts getting both other captives and guards on his side when he proposes his help to one of the most disreputable guards with a tax matter in swap for bottles of chilled beer for everybody in his work party. From then on, Andy constantly seems to be running on one thing or another. He advances the prison’s small library, and assists those prisoners who wish to study. Over the years, he increases the respect of most of the other jailbirds and guards. More prominently, he never drops expectation of the future – a hope he attempts to bypass on to the other convicts. He never stops trusting in life’s opportunities, but to make the most of them he requires to be free. Egoism The matters of Egoism are revealed in the movie in lots of episodes, if not throughout the whole movie, as the circumstances of a state jail presupposes, that people end up to be humans, and start chasing only their personal aims. This may be observed in the character of Byron Hadley, who under the coverage of prisoners’ work made his dirty tricks with finances, and even retorts to murder in order to save his wealth “embodied” in Andy Dufresne’s skills. In this context, moral theory is absolutely neglected, as Hadley, being a strong believer on the one hand chooses the way of sin in his life. Utilitarianism As it has been stated above, the circumstances of the jail presuppose the egoistic environment. The same is with utilitarianism and pragmatism. Everyone chases his own aims, and cares just to survive and not to become crazy. According to Kant and Aristotle, the utilitarianism is a matter, in no way leading to the overall happiness, and t fact is that, jail has never been a place, where someone became happy. But inspite of all the reveals of pragmatism, imprisoned try to stay humans, and cooperate to survive, and get accustomed to the life in restraint. From the viewpoint of Kantianism ethics are deontological, revolving entirely around duty rather than emotional feelings or end goals. All actions are performed in conformity with some fundamental principles; it is this that the moral worth of an action is judged in accordance to. Kant’s ethics make accent then only on the principle that underlies achievements and regards these to be good or bad exclusively on how they match to motive. Taking all these ideas into explanation, it is significant to mention, that Andy and Red were the most faithful friends, and all their actions can be regarded as highl
Introduction Obesity has become a widespread problem in the United States, causing a considerable amount of concern in the public health sector. The current public health report on the prevalence of this lifestyle condition shows that 32.2 percent of men and 35.5 percent of women suffer from obesity (DeBono, Ross and Berrang-Ford 747). This prevalence raises a lot of concern because obesity underlies other serious health conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, sleep apnea, stroke, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, obesity compromises the quality of the sufferers’ lives such as the reduced socialization and segregation from socioeconomic opportunities. Similarly, the trend of obesity in childhood as a source of public health concern cannot be overlooked. According to Singh et al. (682), the rates of childhood obesity in the United States have increased threefolds over the past three decades. This is an issue of public health concern that needs to be addressed before it explodes. This paper evaluates the position of two articles authored by Zinczenko and Balko respectively. In his article “Don’t Blame the Eater”, Zinczenko exonerates the public from the blame for the high prevalence rate of obesity in the United States. He argues that the public should not be restricted on their right to choice of food. The second author, Balko, wrote an article titled: “What you eat is your business”. He places the responsibility for the increased rate of obesity on the public’s irresponsible eating behaviors. While the increasing rate of obesity and the risks it poses to the public continues to dominate the media, it is not known precisely who takes the major blame for this trend. However, the USDA’s Food Stamp Program appears to be responsible for this crisis as it fails to develop and implement policies that limit access to fast foods as they are the primary cause of obesity. The summary of “Don’t Blame the Eater” by David Zinczenko This article written by David Zinczenko appeared in the New York Times magazine on November 3, 2002. The author has blamed the government’s slackness in implementing policies to regulate the fast food industry as the main cause of the high rates of obesity. Zinczenko has also pointed at a declined social system as the other cause of the rise in obesity. With regard to the latter cause, he reflects how he had a poor health choice while growing up in the mid-1980s: ”Lunch and dinner, for me, was a daily choice between McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken or Pizza Hut” (391). The article has also outlined that the lack of harsh polici
Introduction At present, safe and cheap payment systems have become a primary concern of many companies because online purchases are gaining more and more popularity. In the case of Google Corporation, the shopping service is among those which need improvement. Customers complain of its low efficiency. One of the possible advances in this respect can be the implementation of blockchain technology which can reduce the cost of transactions, simplify the record-keeping, and provide data privacy (Nair & Sebastian, 2017). Bitcoin is one of the famous blockchain projects which is a transparent and accountable crypto-currency. However, blockchain has some more possible applications (Jstevenperry, 2017) Implementation Plan Implementation of any technology should start with the careful analysis of existing problems and the ways the technology can be helpful to improve the situation. Thus, the implementation plan of blockchain technology for Google should consider the following aspects. Work Breakdown Structure The most general breakdown structure includes five stages, as it is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Work Breakdown Structure. As it is shown in Table 1, every stage consists of elements that should be completed. They need to be carefully planned and be implemented in a logical order. Table 1. Elements of Work Breakdown Structure.               * Evaluation of the suggestion and recommendations      Initiation    * Project charter development                                         * Project charter review                                              * Project charter approval                                            * Project team formation                                              * Project team meeting                                  Planning      * Project plan development                                            * Project plan analysis                                               * Project plan approval                                               * Project design development                                          * Hardware purchase                                     Execution     * Software development                                                * Installation                                                        * Testing                                                             * Launch                                                              * Project management                                                  * Risk assessment
Introduction The media plays a crucial role in creating social norms. This is because, in the current culture, various forms of media such as television, film, advertisements, and books among others are present everywhere. Among all types of information and misinformation presented in the media, the issue of gender roles is the most damaging of all. The media portrays gender stereotypes which ultimately have a subtle effect on society’s perception of gender roles. Moreover, the development of gender identity among children commences when they are two years of age. Therefore, at this stage, they will begin absorbing the gender roles they visualize in the media. This paper aims to discuss how gender is depicted in different forms of media and its impact on the beliefs of children on gender roles. How gender is depicted in the media Extensive exposure to television and other sources of media impacts the understanding and knowledge of the expected behavioral patterns and the typical traits associated with gender. According to the media, women are portrayed as nurturing, gentle, dependent on men, and emotional. This mirrors Wollstonecraft’s argument regarding the absorption of gender stereotypes into the mind of individuals while they are young. She points out that “…the seeds of false refinement as are pushed upon women at an early age, which keeps them from understanding that such social ideals are an imposition to a woman to attain anything other than becoming a momentary item of interest” (Wollstonecraft, p. 66). However, in recent years, there has been a public outcry in the television sector which led to some producers creating animated films independent of gender stereotypes. A good example is Frozen which was released in 2014 (Garabedian, p. 23). Frozen is an animated movie that shares a new perspective, yet a unique theme of a Disney movie. Unlike other Disney movies that talk about the suitor’s love saving the kingdom, this movie is centered on a sisterhood relationship. Moreover, Frozen brought to light the fact that a princess does not always need a prince or a male hero for survival. Women are independent and powerful in their element and do not need the support of a man to achieve success. Secondly, the film violates the social norm that refers to women as inferior to men. Therefore, many end up hiding their potential and abilities in fear of being rejected by society. Wollstonecraft also argues that “With this masculinization of intellectual women, women fear being thought of as masculine and, in a world where they must depend upon men for their livelihood, women fear rejection of future mates” (p. 67). In Frozen , Elsa was forced to perceive her potentialities and powers as weaknesses, and she went into iso