ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
To begin with, Wal-Mart’s overall business strategy is composed of goals, core activities, and product-market focus (Heizer & Render, 2011). The goals of the company are to dominate markets, utilize low cost systems, promote high growth, and to do it the Wal-Mart way (Krajewski et al., 2009). The core activities of the organization are to integrate logistics, manage them intensely, and to tailor them according to the local situation. The product-market focuses entails provision of branded general merchandise, value oriented customers, develop easier markets first, and to work from regional hubs. All these contribute to the value proposition of the organization (Stevenson, 2008). The supply chain strategy of the organization entails purchasing the goods and materials that the company uses for the lowest prices available in the market to them to retail at customer friendly prices. The organization is known to bypass intermediaries and middle men and to negotiate intensively during purchase of goods, services and materials (Heizer & Render, 2011). The organization is also known to prefer local manufactures as well as preferring the manufacturers that demonstrated transparent cost structures. The organization then establishes long term relationships with these types of manufacturers. The organization’s logistics are among the most efficient in large businesses today (Stevenson, 2008). Distribution centers are served by a fleet of not less than 3000 trucks that are owned by the organization. These are for the purpose of transporting goods to the Wal-Mart outlets twice every week due to the high flow of goods from the organization’s individual stores. These are supervised by a coordinator. The organization employs cross-docking for the purpose of managing the acquisition of goods from their suppliers. In addition, decisions concerning merchandising, pricing, and promotions have been decentralized and left to the market forces; this is managed by stores, distribution centers, and suppliers (Krajewski et al., 2009). The organization has instilled information technology and communication systems to aid their inventory management and set up its own satellite communication system in the 1980’s. The satellite connected the organization’s numerous stores as well as the organization’s suppliers to the organization. This was done for the purpose of enabling the organization to attend to the individual needs of individual stores in a timely manner and to enable the workers to update themselves on all aspects of the inventory in stores, deliveries, and back up merchandise at the organization’s distribution points (Heizer & Render, 2011). The organization’s supply chain enables the organization to meet its goals that have been outlined earlier in this essay (Krajewski et al., 2009). Due to establishment of an ICT system specifically for the organization, the organization has successfully managed to reinforce their relationships with their customers, employees, individual stores, and their suppliers. This has ena
Introduction A wedding is one of the most important rites of passage in various societies across the world. This occasion is often a highly regarded ritual in the Middle East, as people consider taking of nuptials as a show of commitment and love between two people (Burke 218). Over the years, people in the Middle East have carried on the wedding traditions that were introduced during the ancient days. Reports indicate that the traditions have been taught and passed through subsequent generations up to the present one, which continues to uphold them despite the influence of modernization (Pappe 182). It is important to note that the Middle East is comprised of several states, religions, and customary beliefs that have a huge influence on the way some societies handle certain elements of wedding ceremonies (Kaplan-Mayer 110). In some cases, a wedding can divert from the normal traditions depending on certain individual preferences or needs, which might make some elements hard to apply. Some of the main cultures in the region are Jewish, Arabian, and Persian. The Middle East is a Muslim dominated region, thus most of the weddings are done by the religion (Monger, An Encyclopedia of Dating 416). One of the common elements about this rite of passage in the Middle East is the fact that they act as an occasion through which friends and family come together to celebrate love (Burke 221). Discussion To have a wedding, there should be a bride and a groom. Traditionally, young people in the Middle East are not allowed to marry their spouses of choice (Monger, An Encyclopedia of Dating 419). Instead, their families select spouses for them depending on several factors. This responsibility is given to the fathers of both the bride and the groom, who have to agree that their children are good enough to bring up a responsible family (Monger, From Henna to Honeymoons 196). The reason for families choosing spouses for their children got inspiration from the bible when Abraham selected a wife for his son Isaac. According to the customary beliefs in the Middle East, one of the biggest responsibilities of a father is to ensure that all his children are happily married (Monger, From Henna to Honeymoons 196). The culture also encourages young men who feel ready for marriage to ask their family to get them a wife. Some men often mature faster than their age mates (Kaplan-Mayer 113). This makes them ready for marriage sooner than their peers, thus the need to alert their families when they feel ready. When a man gets a spouse, preparations for paying the bride price often begin immediately. As soon as this process is completed successfully, both families start making wedding plans (Monger, An Encyclopedia of Dating 425). During the wedding preparations, a lot of the time is dedicated to the bride who has to look her best. The groom also has to ensure that he looks good with clothes that differentiate him from the guests. During the wedding day, friends and family members pick the b
England was involved in a number of wars during the 17th and the 18th centuries. Some of the wars, which England fought with Spain or France, were mainly based on conflicts over borders, power, or colonial territories. Other wars include King William’s war, the war of the league of Augsburg in Europe, the war of Spanish successor, and King George’s War. However, in the late 18th century, England was involved in another war with the Mi’kmaq and the Acadian people. This war was a colonial battle over the land of Mi’maki and the Acadian communities. Father Rale’s war and Father Le-loutres war are some of the wars between England and Mi’kmaq cthe ommunity. Hence, this essay examines the causes of wars and raids between the Mi’kmaq and England as well as the treaties signed to stop the war. The Mi’kmaq community is native to Canada as it has lived in regions like Cape of Peninsula and the maritime province of Canada, a region known as Mi’kmaki. Presently, Mi’kmaki people are found in a new found land region as well as the northeastern Maine. Wars between England and Mi’kmaq started when the Mi’kmaq people learned that the French and the British had claimed part of their ancestral land. Paul (2006) states that, “the land of the Mi’kmaq was exempted from being seized because the people were Christians” (p. 21). Therefore, the exemption made the Mi’kmaqs and the Acadians to employ military force when resisting British settlements. Mi’kmaqs and the Acadians undertook several military raids in regions such as Dartmouth, Lawrence town, and Halifax. Some of the wars fought by the Acadians and the Mi’kmaq people were Father Rale’s war in1724 and the Acadian expulsion in 1758. In 1725 Mi’kmaq and England decided to bring the war to an end. Therefore, they signed a peace treaty that was meant to end attacks and wars between England and Mi’kmaq community. The treaty was signed on the 15th of December 1725 in Boston and became the first official treaty between England and Mi’kmaq. Paul (2006) describes the agreement as a friendship treaty. According to the agreement, England promised to stop interfering with Mi’kmaq hunters while the community of Mi’kmaq promised to stop the attacks. Furthermore, the treaty was signed with the aim of ending wars between England and Mi’kmaq especially attacks on fishermen from both countries. The treaty was signed after its submission to the delegates of the treaty during the early part of the 16th century. However, the treaty did not have any impact as fighting started shortly after the treaty had been signed, in 1756, Governor Lawrence
Clinical psychology intends to cater for the positive features of human functioning as well as behavior. It further takes the human maladaptive deeds into consideration. These interventions can be used instead of the traditional ones which were employed to relieve pain and suffering. Therefore, it is commendable as it positively improves the health of human beings as well as boosts their living standards. Research carried out by scientists shows that this type of psychology brings about character strength, happiness and good moral behaviors. These aspects are devoted to this field as they play a great role in defining the progress of an individual (Plante, 2010). These features, happiness, character strength and moral behavior are mostly utilized in a social and scientific way to come up with conclusions that are long lasting and effective. They mainly target constructive emotion, character as well as positive institutions. Drawing on techniques that are effectively utilized to progress the science of mental disarray, the studying of mental health and its well-being has proven to be very essential. Rather than dealing with a particular intervention that targets a given condition, social psychology is significant in matters that concern the mindset, purpose, and consciousness of the therapeutic practitioner. No matter how much technique an individual possesses, if he/she is not aware of judgment and feelings, or an unconscious intolerance is present, the therapist will not be efficient as a therapeutic force for the customer. The nature of how influential an objective as a force on the body as well as the mind is very essential (Plante, 2010). Human consciousness is exploited to stimulate the body to memorize its coherence and bring back health. In addition, focused feelings can manipulate the thoughts of others and lend a hand in taking care of psychological grievances. Research investigating the influence of the mind examined the consequences of mindful and unconscious thoughts. It was discovered that protuberances of the mind could effect objects of communication, be they inorganic or organic matters. Behavioral psychoanalysis for social fear and free speaking panic refers to a range of systems that can be supplied individually or in amalgamation. The essential principle underlying the psychoanalysis approach is that feelings, manner and behaviors are inter-related. As a result, changing one of these can assist to alleviate predicaments in another. For instance, by altering thoughts with regard to fears of unconstructive valuations may lead to a lesser amount of anxiety. From a cognitive standpoint, the extreme panic in social and presentation state is contemplated to be preserved by unenthusiastic attitudes about the possibility and appalling nature of discomforting oneself and performing ineffectually. Furthermore, the prospect and
New York is saturated with traffic, which causes many issues for both people and authorities. The latter tends to solve the problem by constructing more roads and junctions. However, the more infrastructure is built for cars, the more cars appear on city streets. Central Europe faced a similar problem in the 70s and 80s – investments in infrastructure development led to even greater traffic jams. To find a solution in Europe, the demand for travel by cars was regulated; for example, the street was narrowed, and the car lanes were taken away. In parallel with this, alternative modes of transport were developed. To solve the problem of congestion in this vein, it is necessary to organize a larger release of public transport vehicles to shorten the intervals between their flights. It is also possible to develop a progressive master plan based on the principles of the compact city and the mixed-use of transport. So that a person can satisfy all the needs within walking distance: go to work, shop, get treatment, relax, study, play sports. Another reason for traffic jams in New York is the unpopularity of bicycles. The solution here may be to change the urban environment through short-term, low-cost projects – bollards, and bike paths. They will help free up a safe place for cyclists and light vehicles – scooters, electric unicycles, rollers. Sustainable transport can also be developed, such as adapting public transport for cyclists. Connecting different types of transportation, when, for example, a bicycle can be transported in buses conveniently, is one of the simplest and most effective ways to relieve the road. Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that the issue of traffic can be expediently resolved only by joint efforts of townspeople and authorities.
Nursing is one of the various healthcare professions, and it is mostly concerned with patient/client care. Professional nurses are charged with the responsibilities of caring for communities, families, and individuals. Nursing itself is often defined as “the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations” (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Some examples of fields within the nursing profession include pediatrics, psychiatrists, and geriatrics, among others. A career in nursing requires a substantial level of education and enhanced professional skills. This essay explores the specialties in the nursing profession, among other requirements. Pediatric nurses are examples of some of the professionals who are found within the nursing profession. A pediatric nurse focuses on childcare from infancy until the children are on their late teens. In order for an individual to become a pediatric nurse, he/she has to complete an advanced training course in pediatrics on top of being a registered nurse. The requirements of a registered nurse (RN) are “a Bachelor of Science in Nursing at an accredited four-year college, or an associates’ degree or diploma after which one must pass a national licensing exam called the NCLEX-RN” (American Dental Education Association 1). Individuals specializing in the pediatrics field have to collaborate with other healthcare professionals who deal with children. Pediatric nurses have the ability to perform basic nursing duties, such as performing physical examinations and taking medical samples from patients. The extra skills that are required in a pediatric nurse include the ability to develop connections with children. A pediatric nurse spends between four and six years in training and earns an average salary of fifty-eight thousand dollars a year, depending on his/her level of expertise (Randle 396). The opportunities that are available to a pediatric nurse include the possibility of attaining specialist status and the ability to accumulate earnings that are commensurate with levels of experience. Pediatric nurses can be found in clinics, surgical centers, doctors’ offices, and hospitals. Geriatric nurses focus their careers in caring for the elderly. Geriatric professionals take up most of the human resources in the nursing profession due to the high level of demand in geriatrics. A geriatric nurse has to enjoy working with elderly patients on top of having qualified as a registered nurse. The skills that are pertinent to geriatric nursing are excellent communication skills, a deep understanding of a patient’s individual needs, and resourcefulness. Geriatric nurses are found in nursing homes, hospitals, rehabilitation facilities, retirement communities, and senior centers. A geriatric nurse earns an average
Introduction This essay is about unsafe environmental conditions caused by oil spills and nuclear accidents. There are three examples taken from the literature: the BP oil spill at the Gulf of Mexico, the Chernobyl nuclear accident and the Exxon Trans-Alaska pipeline spill. There is one common denominator over these three accidents – human error. We gathered that accidents sometimes cannot be avoided but they are aggravated by human laxity and error. Preparedness and contingencies are important to avoid acquiring greater damage and casualties. In the case of the BP oil spill, which is believed the worst environmental disaster in history, human error is the primary cause. Contingency measures were also not taken seriously. The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred primarily because the builders of the nuclear plant wanted low cost in the completion of the project. Finally, the Exxon Trans-Alaska pipeline did not have proper maintenance – the pipes had rusted with years of use. These accidents could have been prevented, minimized or contained with preparation and care from the operators and stakeholders. The BP Oil Spill A giant semi-submersible oil rig named Deepwater Horizon belonging to BP Oil exploded one cold night on April 10, 2010 at the Gulf of Mexico. The fire lasted for more than a day, 36 hours to be exact, before the rig went down in the deep causing the worst environmental disaster man has ever seen. Eleven people were killed, several others wounded while millions of barrels of oil were discharged into the open sea and to hundreds of miles of coastline of several states. Marine and wildlife habitats at the Gulf of Mexico were destroyed. It caused billions of dollars; the oil rig alone costed $560 million. The cause of the accident was technical in nature. According to internal investigation conducted by BP, the pressure in the well got out of control when a specialized valve which was supposed to act in case the well had a blowout, failed to function. This valve known as the blowout preventer was supposed to seal the well but it failed to do its job, causing the leak. A series of investigations were conducted. BP conducted its own internal investigation, employing more than 50 technical experts from its pool of talents and from the industry. Another group of experts, the Deepwater Horizon Joint Investigation, combined the expertise of various US government agencies including the Coast Guard Marine Board of Inquiry. Another g
Introduction Smoking cigarette has proved to be a fatal practice not only for active smokers but most importantly, for the passive ones. Passive smokers inhale the smoke that is exhaled by others as they smoke or through tobacco ignition. Smoking bans are guidelines and regulations which limit smoking in public areas. May public places are therefore marked as ‘Smoke-free Zone’ which emphasize on environmental and health hazards that smoking poses even with limited exposure. However, individuals have a right to either choose whether or not to smoke cigarette but it is not fair if they do it at the expense of others, who become passive smokers and are at a similar risk as a direct smoker. It is the role of governments and health institutions to safeguard public’s health by regulating drug use and abuse cases such as tobacco smoking. Safety measures are considered to enhance public heath of passive and active smokers. For instance, some nations have taken to consideration the aspect of personal freedom and have chosen to segregate specific ventilated areas designated for smokers while others have gone to the extreme of being abolitionists by imposing a total ban on cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is not only implicated with public health due to their carcinogenic nature and chemical additives but also, has proven to be costly and degrading to societal values hence, should be banned. Smoking cigarette proves to cause many deaths in the world as a result of health related issues such as e.g. coronary impairment, obesity, emphysema infant defects, lung cancer and respiratory illnesses. In the United States alone, the Environmental Protection Agency assert that secondhand smoking leads to over three thousand fatalities from lung cancer and thirty seven thousand deaths as a result of heart ailments (Koop, 2004). Cigarettes smoking as a cause of illnesses and premature deaths become the first preventable cause to be controlled through imposing bans (Congress, 2005). Cigarettes have nicotine which is responsible for addiction and is attributed to coronary illnesses and nerve impairment hence, declining people’s life expectancy. Cigarettes contain various chemical substances that are toxic and carcinogenic. Regular smoking predisposes an individual to twenty times chances of acquiring lung cancer. In addition, it triggers production of stomach acid which causes and individual to acquire ulcers and other stomach illnesses such as cancer. It is notable that smoking destroys blood vessels and vital organs such as the hearth which predisposes smokers to stroke and cardiac illnesses (Booth et al, 1999). Besides, the World Health Organization points out that use of tobacco cause health problems, addiction ,deaths and most importantly, accelerates impoverishment particularly in African countries where great expenses are incurred in the management and treatment of these health issues. W.H.O therefore, ensures that the availability of tobacco is restricted through reducing its demand and supply. In addition cigarette smoking has proven to be to be expensive to individuals who have to pay high taxes to
Introduction Bernard Madoff (2009) is accused of engaging in a multi-billion securities scandal that involved managing a scheme called Ponzi, which caused global investors billions of dollars. The penalty for such criminal offence is a maximum prison sentence of 20 years. According to a criminal complainant, Madoff’s Ponzi scheme brought a great loss in investment of $50 billion. Harry Markopolos, a private financial fraud detective who tried to expose Madoff’s fraud by sending several warning signals to the Securities and Exchange Commission that was the authoritarian agency which was charged with the mandate of supervising money markets was unqualified and they were scared of handling complicated cases that involved large firms. Markopolos (2009) exposed Madoff through sending blue prints and detailed information that would help investigators to track down the illegal scheme, however his efforts were not taken into account as the SEC was very afraid of Madoff and as a result, no extensive investigation was conducted. Instead the SEC engaged in other cases that they regarded important than the Ponzi scheme. A former New York Enforcement Staff Attorney, said that Mr. Avellino and Mr. Bines and other two firms were involved in selling unregistered securities to people and this was in violation to section 5(a) of the securities Act of 1933, this was a similar case to that of Madoff’s Ponzi scheme (Randal, 1992). Markopolos further tries to show a society that was money minded