ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The National Intelligence Program (NIP) covers a wide range of activities, projects, and budgets that support the goals and decisions of the Intelligence Community (IC). Currently, the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) manages thirteen key NIP programs. The present arrangement is that budgetary allocations for non-NPI intelligence are controlled and monitored separately using a process called planning, programming, budgeting, and execution (PPBE). According to Mamandi and Yari (2014), such a framework results in a complementary budgetary procedure that is incapable of supporting or improving the effectiveness of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The outstanding weakness is that the DNI and the Under Secretary of Homeland Security should collaborate to ensure that both military and national intelligence programs complement each other. Although this strategy supports the targeted security objectives, a number of challenges continue to affect the objectives pursued by the IC. The proposed idea is that funding for non-NIP intelligence projects within the DHS should be transferred to the NIP (Irons & Lallie, 2014). This decision will empower the DNI to manage such activities and combine them with the current NIP programs, including Justice NIP, Consolidated Cryptologic Program (CCP), Central Intelligence Agency Program (CIAP), Special Reconnaissance Program (SRP), and General Defense Intelligence Program (GDIP). Since the major intelligence activities pursued by the Department of Homeland Security are not funded by the NIP, it becomes impossible to have a common procedure for prioritizing, pursuing, or completing specific programs depending on their projected benefits. This is also the same case with the missions undertaken by local and state governments across the United States. Marion, Cronin, and Oliver (2015) believe that the existing gap makes it impossible for those involved to make superior decisions that can support the nation’s security goals. The management of DOD NIP programs is undertaken in such a way that positive results are recorded within a short time. The presented recommendation will ensure that funding procedures for both NPI and non-NPI intelligence activities are combined to mitigate potential weaknesses. Such a move is also expected to have a bifurcating effect, thereby streamlining the management authority over all components of DHS. This change will also ensure that a seamless budgetary procedure is available or utilized for every activity pursued within the DHS. The DNI will be in a better position to manage all programs’ budget using the Intelligence Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Evaluation System (IPPBE) intended for all IC components. The projected bifurcating effect will support every DHS agenda and eventu
What motivates Baby Boomers? Baby Boomers can be motivated by several non-financial rewards. For example, they often speak about the ability to control their work. In many cases, they want to tailor their schedule. Secondly, they strive for new experiences. In other words, they want to work on the tasks that help them expand their outlooks. Moreover, they look for challenging tasks that can assist them in acquiring or developing new skills. This opportunity is vital for professional growth. They also want to work in businesses that take part in charitable and volunteering activities. Finally, they emphasize the significance of teamwork, which is also important for professional fulfillment and self-esteem. What motivates Gen Y? According to the findings of researchers, the representatives of Generation Y display similar attitudes. Thus, one can argue that different age groups may have the same priorities. Overall, one can speak about the internal needs of a person, such as professional fulfillment and growth. Researchers argue that by meeting these needs, business administrators can better motivate workers (Nelson & Quick, 2012, p.163). In turn, financial incentives are not always sufficient for these people. This is one of the details that should be considered by managers. What motivates Gen X? Why? In turn, people who are called Generation X, have a different set of priorities. They attach more importance to financial compensation (Nelson & Quick, 2012, p. 141). Certainly, they recognize the significance of altruism and flexibility. Nevertheless, the amount of compensation is the main criteria that they focus on when they think about their professional career. Therefore, in this case, external motivation is more effective (Harris, 1998, p. 76). In other words, these people tend to concentrate on the tangible benefits that a company can offer to them. This information should not be overlooked by business administrators. How is Gen X different? These differences can be explained by the economic needs of Generation X. For example, many of these people have to repay their mortgages. Moreover, they must ensure that their children can get access to education. Similarly, many of them can be adversely affected by a financial crisis. So, economic concern affects their attitudes towards work and employment. It is also possible to refer to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which can be a useful tool for analyzing people’s behavior (Nelson & Quick, 2012, p. 167). According to this model, a person is not likely to think about creativity and self-esteem if his/her safety needs are not fully satisfied. In turn, representatives of Generation X concentrate more on their safety concerns, such as economic self-sufficiency. Are there any differences with different ethnic groups across generations? There are some ethnic differences that manifest themselves in workplace behavior. In particular, one can speak about communication style. For example, Asian employees prefer communication via e-mail. In contrast, African Ameri
Introduction Outsourcing can be traced from earlier years of the Roman Empire when collection of taxes started (Duffy 30). With the dynamics and changing times, firms are exposed to different business environments both nationally and internationally. The business environment greatly impacts on its profitability, operational costs, production cost and internal structuring. With improvement of faster internet, ubiquity has been reinforced thus shrinking of business distance (UNCTAD 3). This has consequently allowed for outsourcing of various crucial operations like labour. While labour constitutes one of the integral parts for success or failure, it also significantly constitutes part of the recurrent expenditure for firms that should be minimized while ensuring maximum output. In the event of fulfilling this, a company is able to enjoy increased profitability. This paper examines the economics of outsourcing. The Theory of Outsourcing According to UNCTAD, business outsourcing entails relinquishing certain services that were usually performed in house to third parties either off shore or onshore (5). The growth of outsourcing can be traced back from the location of Mexican export assembly plants next to US so as to offer cheap labour. But in recent years, the growth has been phenomenal due to high speed low cost internet making a number of corporate functions to be mobile. Large companies from US and Europe- mainly UK are the main users accounting for 60% & 30 % respectively with US & UK having the bulk share at 70% while India being the main recipient. The business outsourcing is expected to grow in bounds and leaps as by 2002 it was estimated to worth US $ 32 TO 35 Billion which was just a mere 1 % of the market for business functions that could be performed remotely at US $ 3 trillion. Figure 1 below represents the overall outsourcing decision. Figure1: Overall outsourcing decision. Source: Phelps & Fleischer (12). According to Keränen, Kaushik, & Sharan, figures regarding outsourcing are fairly similar in Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Denmark (33). The graph below represents outsourcing R&D services among Finnish SME’s. Source: Keränen, Kaushik, & Sharan (13). Lastly the phenomenal growth of outsourcing will continue as indicated with trends like unexpected sources and sophistication of the process (UNCTAD 25). The business process outsourcing trend has been supported by many management theories and methodologies as an approach to reducing costs, improving quality and speed time to market. Duffy notes that the 3 key drivers of outsourcing is lower process cost, reduce risk and increase process quality and flexibility with most respondents at 87% saying quality is the main drive (9). The services that can be outsourced includes; customer interaction centres, data entry and conversion services, finance and accounting services, translation services, press and digital pre media services, geographic information systems, human resource services, distance learning services
Introduction Cancer treatment and management are one of the main challenges facing the healthcare industry in the UK. According to Fawcett and McQueen (2011), “there are more than 200 types of cancer originating from different causes, presenting with different symptoms and requiring different forms of treatment or management” (p. 2). Change in lifestyle with specific reference to eating habits is one of the risk factors increasing cases of cancer (Fawcett & McQueen 2011). A report released in 2010 by Cancer Research UK (2010) shows that 324, 579 people were diagnosed with various forms of cancer in 2010. The report further asserts that 28% of all deaths in the UK are as a result of cancer. In 2010, 157,250 cancers related to deaths were recorded in the UK. According to MacMillan Cancer Support (2012), there were approximately 1.7 million people living with cancer in the UK. This figure is expected to double by 2030 ( MacMillan Cancer Support 2012). The above trend underscores the importance of effective cancer treatment plans. According to Hubbard (2010), healthcare professionals are required to make complex decisions on cancer treatment and prevention. One of the reasons that explain the complexity of cancer treatment is the high degree of uncertainty. Additionally, the lack of adequate clinical trials to prove the efficacy of a particular cancer treatment increases the complexity of treatment (Hubbard 2010). According to Nutt and Wilson (2010), organizations in different economic sectors are increasingly incorporating the concept of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) in an effort to deal with complex situations. The healthcare industry in the UK has integrated the concept of MDT in an effort to lower the rate of mortality as a result of cancer. The decision to incorporate the concept of MDT in cancer treatment is informed by the heterogeneous nature of the disease. Consequently, it is imperative for multiple interventions to be undertaken in order to deal with the disease more effectively. Problem statement There has been a marked increase in the relevance of MDTs in the operation of firms within the healthcare industry (Blazeby & Wilson 2006). Cancer treatment decisions are mostly made within the context of MDTs. These sentiments are echoed by Nutt and Wilson (2010) who assert that MDTs are “double edged swords” with regard to solving complex problems. Their effectiveness emanates from the fact that they are comprised of different professionals who possess diverse and exceptional skills and knowledge on various healthcare issues. The heterogeneous nature of the team enhances its creativity in solving complex problems as a result of information pooling (Nut
Soviet films ridiculed the American enemy through gender discourse. The films created images of the U.S. enemy using cinematic illustrations of American masculinity and femininity. The representations also varied with race, class, and political beliefs. USSR used sex to describe the American enemy to the audiences and validate the superiority of the Soviet lifestyle. Hence, no similar cinematic figures of U.S. femininity and masculinity existed. The Soviet’s perception of the world inferred the class principle’s precedence over the national one highlighting battles and contradictions within capitalist communities. The preferences created a demand for symbolic representations of bad and good Americans resembling archetypal images of the Soviet people. Cinema was the main threat of a cultural Cold War between America and the USSR. The postwar conflicts between the United States and USSR were a significant aspect of the world because of culture’s great role. Cinema was no exception as it combined narration, visual images, and sounds as essential forms of propaganda. Hence, they served as an essential tool in ideological confrontation. Thus, the target of laugh was the American enemy because of cultural and ideological fights with USSR. Theatre was used as a permanent negotiation with the U.S. counterpart, and any deviations could create serious consequences for a filmmaker. Authorities controlled film with support from state parties to reinforce implementation. A moral decline constituted a major cause of the Soviet propaganda in the Western world, leading to the creation of images to illustrate an aberrant gender order in U.S. The original Cold War disunion of the world into two created a Manichean depiction of the globe where each superpower was considered a major enemy of the other.
Introduction The present case focuses on evaluation of potential ergonomic hazards at 3 eyeglass manufacturing plants. Managers of the company addressed researchers and asked them to analyze potential hazards in surfacing and finishing departments of the three facilities. The researchers evaluated risk factors for developing Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorder (WMSD) in employees. Since the managers were interested in finishing and surfacing departments, the researchers paid special attention to surfacing and finishing tasks. According to the report, there are a lot of risk factors and hazards which have to be addressed (Ramsey & Tapp, 2012). The researchers also stress that some employees have health problems including WMSDs. The researchers also compare the rate of injuries and illnesses in the three facilities and the rest of eyeglass manufacturing plants. Notably, the researchers provide specific recommendations which can help address the issue. The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the report in question. Methods The researchers used a number of evaluation criteria to assess the hazards. First of all, the researchers focused on WMSDs symptoms. The researchers obtained the data through observations and videotaping. As has been mentioned above, the researchers concentrated on finishing and surfacing tasks. Apart from this, the researchers interviewed employees personally. The researchers focused on employees’ knowledge of ergonomics and safety measures as well as employees’ physical states and health-related complaints. The researchers also analyzed medical records of employees. Finally, the researchers analyzed records concerning injuries and accidents at the three facilities. Results The researchers report that employees are exposed to a number of hazards at the department in question. At this point, it is necessary to note that the researchers claim that the rate of illnesses at the facilities has decreased recently. Nonetheless, the rate is very high. The most common hazards are associated with “awkward postures, forceful exertions, and repetitive motion tasks”, twisting and bending (Ramsey & Tapp, 2012, p. 9). The researchers stress that such conditions increased employees’ risk of developing “shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, hand, and finger WMSDs” (Ramsey & Tapp, 2012, p. iii). The researchers also note that employees often have lower back disorders
The playwright Tennessee Williams has been described as a genius playwright for capturing the ideas of his society in his lifetime effectively through his works of arts. In this paper the focus will lead to a discussion of the significance of the glass figurines and their symbolic value to the whole play as representation of the most central symbol uniting and supporting the riding themes of impossible escape from reality and the difficulties of accepting reality as guided by the question. The play Glass Menagerie is a memory play, which is given form by the narrator’s surrounding events and environment. From the play we learn that the narrator who is also an actor works in the shoe warehouse to support his windowed mother, Amanda and fatherless sister, Laura. The depiction of life by William in the play is that of daily desire to have the best, an indication of unsatisfied life full of despair, disappointment and disillusion. Tom, the main protagonist is a disillusioned character who in the family takes up the role of the male figure hence we connect with his source of sorrow and pain (Sparknotes 293). The Play As indicated in the play, Tom is most interested in drinking, movies and literature, thus he irks her mother that they keep on quarrelling. On the other hand her mother is a character who lives by thriving on her old memories. We get it from her speech that she was brought up in a good family, where life was good and thus she continues to brag that she had quite a number of suitors which is a complete contrast to her daughter’s, Laura situation. She is supposed to lead the family out of the current abyss but the playwright portrays her as a far illusion to hope and betterment rather than a reality. In this stance, we can see the results in that her family is almost at the verge of breaking up. Tom is no better than Laura though he is capable of running away just like his father as foreshadowed in the play. Laura in her character traits is depicted as a personality who has no desires of her own thus driven by the will of others and their means plus mechanisms. She is not free to pursue what would be hers rightfully probably as a result of poor upbringing and shyness. In that connection she ends up hopeless as her supposed suito
Studies show that the threat for a woman to be subjected to physical abuse is in inverse proportion to her social and economic well-being. For instance, a recent study by Panda (2014) suggests that the introduction of the strategy based on micro-financing should be viewed as the tool for preventing the cases of physical abuse against women. The research conducted among 1,960 women and based on the principles of a simple random sampling has shown, however, that poverty, in its general sense, is not the primary reason behind the violence that they are forced to suffer. Particularly, a dowry was proven to be the driving factor behind the aggressive behavior of significant others and family members toward women, as the study results outlined (Panda, 2014). Much to the author’s credit, the strategy suggested as the solution to the problem of violence against women in poor households has been tested extensively. Furthermore, the results turned out to be surprisingly positive. According to the outcomes of the research, the levels of family violence against women were reduced by 63% among the target audience after the introduction of the micro-finance framework (specifically, micro-loans were used as the essential tool). It should be noted, though, that the study has its limitations, the cultural specifics, and a comparatively small number of households tested being the key one. Arguably, the solution represented above can only be viewed as temporary, though, since the issue of violence against women in impoverished families is predisposed by not only the economic and financial factors but also by the cultural ones to a considerable extent. Another study on the subject matter used a cross-sectional analysis among the members of urban Christian families with traditional values in order to determine the relationships between the essential variables and included the use of descriptive statistics and x 2 -tests as the foundation for the data analysis. The research has shown that the strategy implying suffering from the abuse without providing any rational response to it was what the majority of women chose as their coping strategy (Montgomery et al., 2015). Therefore, it can be assumed that the propensity to endure physical violence and verbal abuse observed among the participants of the research should be attributed to the sociocultural principles and philosophy on which these women base their decisions. In other words, the study points quite graphically to the fact that there is a need to change the current social justice system in order to handle the issue of violence against women in impoverished areas, as the research by Riley et al. (2014) also shows. Despite the obvious limitations associated with the choice of the methods used to determine the relationships between the variables, the research still provides important information. F
Introduction Rapid environmental modifies are simple to see nowadays when we request into the authorities of tourism which engage person behavior on a large level, such as transport, somewhere to live, food armed forces, and retail behavior. In other words, tourism can also injure or advantage the natural surroundings. However, usual conditions are the foundation for the majority of forms of tourism and its collisions may also alter the good-looking skin of a site. In an utterance, good excellence of usual surroundings is an advantage to tourism, but might be damaged by unsuitable tourist behavior. In this paper, I will demonstrate the shut relationship flanked by both by using a number of cases of facts and popular action as a picture of the unenthusiastic and optimistic impacts of together sides on every other. The Positive Impact Of Environment On Tourist Industry If we analyze then we come to know that the usual environment, which is a significant magnetism for tourists, offers valuable resources with their optimistic belongings on tourism. In the case of Hawaii, for instance, there are lively volcanoes, lava flows, steamy rain forests, good-looking beaches, darling bamboo fields, pineapple plantations and significant sites. These usual resources draw about 7 million tourists every year. Moreover, it was accounted that Maui, Kaua’i, and the Big Island ranked in the middle of the pinnacle ten “World’s Best” Islands in Travel+Leisure periodicals “World’s Best” Readers Poll for 2005. One more example is seashore in the UK. Researchers as of eight European countries who exhausted three years approximation the crash of extreme type of weather alter forecasted that Britain might turn out to be the seashore festival assets of Europe by 2025 at the end of the G8 peak. A review of water excellence complete by the Marine Conservation Civilization in mid-period 2005 showed that ninety-four percent of five hundred and fifty-five formally chosen bathing beaches in the UK got the score of ‘outstanding’. The information on top of shows that an accepting environment with its good excellence is an significant constituent of tourism endorsement. Tourist Industry Makes Contributions To Natural Environment Protection And Improvement. The ‘green tourism’ or ‘ecotourism’ which is responsive to natural world is a rising separation of the tourist manufacturing. It is supported by a number of protection organizations, such as English Nature, an administration organization. It offers opportunities for the populace to visit and be grateful for wildlife sites and physical features. In 2004, the organization possesses and managed extra than 200 National Nature Reserves (NNRs) across England, which paying notice around 13 million visits every year. Like English Nature, protection organizations are dedicated to contributing in order about the natural world and humanizing tourists in arrange to enhance t