ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The chosen article talks about concluded Kenyan elections that Uhuru Kenyatta and his running mate William Ruto were declared winners. The presidential race was closely contested between Jubilee’s Uhuru Kenyatta and Cord’s Raila Odinga. However, the IEBC (Kenyan electoral body), announced Kenyatta the winner. Raila Odinga protested this decision and he is expected to challenge it in the Supreme Court citing electoral malpractices, especially concerning the tallying process. The article brings out a number of political concepts including democracy, politics, influence, sovereignty, and power. Democracy refers to the political process that respects the rule of law whereby the opinion of each person counts. It refers to the form of government that allows all people to choose their leaders without any influence. In this regard, democracy allows an individual to participate in elections by either voting for the preferred candidate or presenting his or her candidature for selection. In the article, the author notes that the new Kenyan constitution empowers people to participate in electing their leaders freely. At one point, the author notes that the former president interfered with the ideals of democracy during his reign by doing away with multiparty elections. Politics is a concept that is described variously. Some scholars believe that politics is the authoritative allocation of resources. Others view it as an art and science of influencing people as regards to civil matters meaning that it is a relational concept. In the article, the author suggests that the former president is the winner in the recently concluded elections because his political students made it to power. This means that he is still politically relevant. Politics is present in all levels of life including individual level, societal level, family level, and international level. Aristotle was of the view that man is both a political and a social animal meaning that politics is inherent in people. Through politics, an individual is able to influence others. Through politics, Uhuru Kenyatta and his running mate have acquired governmental power since they are the president-elect and deputy president-elect respectively. An individual who has the ability to change other people’s views and perceptions is said to be influential politically. This means that influence is the act of convincing other people to support certain policies. However, for somebody to influence others, he or she must have adequate resources and technical knowledge. For instance, the outgoing Kenyan premier, Raila Odinga, and the country’s deputy president-elect are said to be influential politically while the country’s president-elect, Uhuru Kenyatta, is influential economically since he is one of the richest individuals in the African
Globalization, international trade and good international relations have enabled companies to target international markets. International trade has greatly favored the world footwear industry; players can enlarge their market base to countries other than their country of incorporation. The industry is composed of both new and second-hand footwear. The industry can further be divided into women footwear, men footwear and children footwear. This report takes an external environment analysis of the footwear industry; it will use P.E.S.T.L.E. analysis as the tool of analysis. P.E.S.T.L.E. analysis P.E.S.T.L.E. analyzes the external environment that an industry faces; it interpolated those factors that are beyond the control of an industry. It analyses some factors that a company has no control with but they affect the business. P.E.S.T.L.E. analysis is a management tool that assists in making informed decision about the influence that the company is going to get from the outside environments as the technology and other variables change Political The world political environment is changing to the benefit of the industry however; the stability of the industry is adversely affecting the industry. There is an increased growth in international trade and international cooperation making the industry be able to fetch markets from the international arenas. Footwear industry can takes advantage of the political situation in the world; the world is in the process of employing a free trade policy whereby the market is the one that determines the price in the market as well the products to be supplied. The global financial crisis has a negative impact on economies of the world however; it has compelled countries of the world to relax their trade barriers. The relaxed trade barriers is to the good of companies in the industry since they can expand to other many countries. This will increase the market base. Access to market has been increased and thus the products can be sold in different countries. Political globalization has numerous advantages to the industry and at the same time can pose some threats, it leads to an increased market and consumer choices are enhanced. When dealing with international communities, a company is able to think outside the box in the efforts of effectively competing in the global arena, this lead to the growth o
Executive summary The U.S has been able to develop many policies that are intended to improve the countries energy sector. Some of these policies drafted in the past have had economic, financial, and environmental impacts on the companies implementing them and that is why people fear to implement them fully. It is considered to be disastrous to manufacturing companies especially those using fuel. As a result, fuel prices have continued to rise beyond the limits because of the increase in calls to adopt machines and automobiles that use other forms of energy apart from fuel to reduce dependence on gasoline. The policy also advocates for the use of automobiles that are sensitive and consume less gasoline. The policy developed by the president that has been dealt with in the paper is the one on modernizing and reforming the Corporate Average Fuel Economy-CAFÉ- standards for all automobiles and by extending the current light truck rule which allows for high consumption of fuel. The paper has identified high levels of unemployment, industry crisis, high operation costs, high road fatalities, and consumer benefits as setbacks to the implementation of the policy. Introduction The issue of gasoline use in the U.S is one of the subjects that have generated heated debate for the last two to three decades. One of the most pressing issues is that the U.S has no enough oil reserves that can sustain the country for another 100 years or so in addition to its dependence on imported oil from Arab countries. With recent relations between the U.S and the Arab world getting sour, the country will need to adopt policies that will make the country energy-dependent in the future. That is why the Bush administration has been drafting policies that are aimed at making the country a haven of energy reserves in the future. In this paper, therefore, I would like to address the attention of my favorite senator, Senator Barrack Obama of Illinois who has been instrumental in drafting and supporting the energy policies at the senate level. This would serve as a guide for him as he discusses the issue with other senates at the house. In addition, he is also a presidential candidate who wants to lead this country in the next general election thus it would be of great importance if I get his attention on this pressing matter. The paper talks about the Corporate Average Fuel Economy policy that has been adopted and a reformed one by the Senate. It discusses the setbacks and the advantages it has offered to the industry and the country at large. It also examines the behaviors of players in these issues and their impacts on the industry. Finally, it will discuss the probability of success for the proposed legislation. Review of the State of the Union Address, 2007 During his State of the Union Address in January 2007, President Bush outlined his proposals for the country in terms of broad initiatives that include the shift of how fuels are used and their compositio
Today, people’s choices could endanger your health. You may be interested to know that approximately 20% of children are not vaccinated against childhood diseases; therefore, putting others at risk (Offit, 2010, p. ix). Offit’s (2010) study found the following: “In June 2009, a young New York boy traveled to England and caught the mumps. Once he returned home, he attended a summer camp and started a massive epidemic. By October, 200 people had been infected; by November, 500 and by January 1500 individuals had been infected by the mumps. When it was over, mumps was found to have caused pancreatitis, meningitis, deafness or facial paralysis in 65 people and 19 were hospitalized” (p. xvi). To protect communities and individuals, vaccinations need to be mandatory; society needs to be educated about the risks and to understand that there is no evidence between autism and vaccines. One of the main reasons that lead to the discovery of vaccines was the smallpox epidemic over 160 years ago. “Smallpox begins with a fever, nausea, and backache”(Offit, 2010, p.105). These symptoms were not uncommon for an infectious disease. However, soon pus-filled blisters would develop all over the body and burn the skin. Smallpox was very contagious and could spread just by talking to someone (Offit, 2010, p. 105). As a decision-maker for your child to receive vaccines or not, one must understand the history of vaccines and the dangers of non-vaccinated children. “Edward Jenner, a doctor in southern England discovered the vaccine to eliminated smallpox” (Offit, 2010, p. 106). He monitored a milkmaid who had smallpox blisters. Included in her daily chores, she would milk the cows and some of the cows had blisters. The milkmaid appeared to be immunized from the smallpox disease. As Dr. Jenner continued his observation, he determined that a smallpox vaccine could be developed from a cow. “Vaccination” is derived from the Latin word, vaccine, meaning “of the cow” (Offit, 2010, p. 107). Does our current culture understand the suffering caused by childhood diseases? After all, it has been many years since an epidemic has occurred as a result of childhood diseases
Introduction The issue of fetal protection and the safety of pregnant mothers as provided in the Johnsons’ Control fetal policy is one that, not only draws particular attention to the parties that it seeks to address, but also sets into motion a wide variety of views and analysis when it comes to interpretation and application. In this case, however, the focus is on the main plaintiffs, as mentioned. The idea of protection of fertile women from exposure to lead is put in a way that raises both passive and active questions, especially on the part of the plaintiffs. This is also the case when it comes to the effects of the substance (Congress of the United States of America, 2004). The Plaintiffs and Their Claims Employers and manufactures association that deal with such industries as battery manufacture form the core of the defendants; especially since the policy directly points to them and their roles as far as employee protection is concerned. The policy bars the involvement of what could be invaluable resource to their companies in the form of qualified personnel with the excuse of possible risks to their well being, without necessarily considering all the factors that go along with the production requirements. Furthermore, there is a requirement for transfer of pregnant women to safer departments in the organizations without revoking already existing benefits, or cutting their salaries irrespective of the kind of work they do in their new capacities. This is despite the financial implication such a move would have on the company, negative or otherwise according to Congress of the United States of America (2004). This is the case that is presented in this case study. The plaintiffs include the men employees, who are subjected to same reproductive health risks but seem to be left out by the policy. This is an issue when considering gender inequalities, since labor requirements do not segregate but instead direct for equality and strict observation of the same. This may interest gender activists as well. Those mentioned include Mary Craig, Elsie Nason and Donald Penny who filed individual complaints. Plaintiffs not mentioned include employees that may feel aggravated by being termed as ‘infertile’ especially if their condition is medical rather than natural, or when they feel they still are capable of conceiving according to Luban (2001).
Rembrandt was a Dutch painter considered one of the most famous and greatest painters in history. Rembrandt, for all his influence and following in art, stands alone like every other genius. Rembrandt is a greater technical wonder in the Brunswick Family Group than in the Saskia or Coppenol at Cassel. The more artists study his pictures, the greater he becomes (Schama 70). Rembrandt marked a new era of Renaissance painting, transforming and improving techniques and methods used by previous painters. At first, Rembrandt was a little precise in drawing, a little cool in color, and rather broad (for him) in light distribution. That was his “gray period” marked by hardship and life grievances. Later on, from about 1635 to 1645, he developed a warmer scheme of colors and a looser drawing and handling. He brushed freely but flatly and with great certainty in drawing and texture (Schama 72). That was his “golden period.” His flat handling continued and was emphasized as he grew older and advanced in art. No doubt he often used a palette knife or his thumb, but he continued to get effects, not by kneading and pitting the surface, but by the flat layer of pigment dragged or plated into place (Bomford et al. 54). An excellent illustration of it is the Jan Six portrait at Amsterdam (Illustration 1) then which is a more beautiful piece of painting that was never done in any school. This was about 1654. In 1658 he continued with this flat brushing in the large portrait of himself in the Frick Collection (Bomford et al. 54). The Five Syndics of 1661 (Illustration 3) and his own portrait (in the Carstanjen Collection) of 1668 show it again. Still, all three of these pictures also indicate that Rembrandt was not wholly satisfied with the flat stroke and evidently believed that more forceful results could be obtained by kneading, pitting, modeling the surface (Berger 43). His method marks his latest canvases and produced what has been called his faltering old-age style. But nothing could be more erroneous than that idea. Toward the end, like Titian and Velasquez, he saw things in larger masses, in wider relations, and merely enlarged his handling to match his seeing. His latest pictures are the final development of the largest seeing and the most effective rendering ever known in the Dutch School (Schama 79). The Jewish Bride and the Brunswick Family Group form the Rembrandt climax, not only mentally and emotionally but technically. It is difficult to say exactly how they were produced, for they are loaded, dragged, kneaded, thumbed in a dozen different ways to produce different effects in the subjects portrayed (Bomford et al. 59). His greatest limitation was undoubtedly his handling of light. He has been called its master, and so he was when he used it as a means of modeling a head, but when he used it as illumination for a large picture, it soon became apparent that he was the slave of his method (Schama 92). The strength of that method lay in the sharp juxtaposition of blacks and whites. The lights were enforced by strong contrast with the shadows. That was very effective in the case of a portrait head where a
Introduction Censorship is a dominant feature of the society today. Every society in the world today has some form of censorship regardless of how progressed or civilized it is. What differs is the level and extent of censorship, together with degree of enforcement. In some societies, it is overtly practiced, while in others, it is covert, subtle and indiscernible, but present nonetheless. 1 There are several definitions of this phenomenon of censorship. It can be conceptualized as the utilization of state or group power to exert control over the citizens’ freedom of expression. 2 In contemporary society, this phenomenon can be conceptualized as efforts by the state organs to suppress dissemination of information 3 , expression of views or other modes of expression like art and literature. 4 When the word censorship is mentioned, many people associate it with gagging of the media by the state and other agencies in power. While this may be the most prevalent form of censorship in contemporary society, it is important to note that there are several other forms of censorship that exist in the society. 5 For example, there may be censorship in a dictatorial regime where human rights’ activists and other pro-democracy campaigners are arrested and executed summarily to suppress the permeation of democracy in the state. Censorship can also take the form of religious persecution. This is especially so when the government or a dominant religious denomination in a country is of the view that the proliferation of a certain religious dogma threatens the stability of the country or the grip of the rulers in the society. A case in point is the infamous censorship of religious materials by the early Roman Catholic Church. 6 These are just but a few of the forms of censorships that exist in contemporary society. Whichever form the censorship assumes, it is important to note that it is erroneous to assume it is a new phenomenon in the society. 7 Censorship is as old as human civilization. It is noted that this form of state control can be traced back as early as 300 A.D. 8 This was in China, a country that is closely associated with many forms of censorship in today’s society. Censorship has been a part of Chinese society for a long time now. 9 Successive governments, from the early dynasties to the current ruling party in the country, have used censorship in one form or the other. A wide range of justifications was used by these administrations to legitimize their use of power to control and censor several attributes of the Chinese society. 10 This thesis is going to look at censorship in China. Given the fact that the author is a history student, this thesis will look at censorship in China from a historical perspective. The researcher will look at censorship in the history of this country. This means that the researcher will look at how different regimes in this country employed this form of
Introduction During the 4-day hospital stay for delivering, a patient may interact with different employees of the health care setting. These employees include physicians, nurses, technicians, and others. Effective clinical practice demands accurate communication of critical information among healthcare employees. Team collaboration is an essential factor in quality service delivery. When there is a lack of effective communication among healthcare professionals, there is a heightened risk of patient safety. Lack of critical information, misinterpretation of information, and overlooked changes in status are some of the issues that may affect the quality of service delivery in any healthcare setting. The risk growth tends to be more in the case of services connected with labor and delivery processes. The complaints raised by the nurse on various issues should be considered from the perspective of a piece of information passed on in a normal communication process (Daniel & Rosenstein). As the charge nurse, it becomes my duty to check the truth behind every complaint of the nurse and to find the solution to solve, if there exists a real problem. Adequate Training for Labor and Delivery Nurses Labor and delivery nurses are expected to provide care for pregnant women in a number of different situations. The nursing care in such situations will be in addition to the actual birth process. From the situation of complications during pregnancy until the stage of postpartum care, there are different exciting and frightening situations, in a woman’s life where the nurses have important roles to play (eHow.com). Therefore, there is an absolute necessity that the nurses should be provided adequate training to handle these situations. As the charge nurse, I will personally check the training level of all nurses forming part of my team to verify the statement of the nurse. No
People as well as organizations are motivated to move from one status to another. This urge for advancement is the internal constrain that catalyzes human behaviours and growth. Trigger on human behaviours depends on the workplace inspirations. There is various motivation theories concern with interpreting how human beings behave at the workplace. Arguably there is need to understand the constraints affecting modern work-life and stress at the workplace. The motivational theories may not be universally acceptable but they are important in studies concerning individual and organizational behaviour in modern workplaces. This paper addresses the effects of modernization at the workplace and its outcomes on individuals and organizations. How can the motivation be important on implementation of organization’s goals and addressing individuals’ needs especially in the twenty first century? Introduction Today’s business world requires employees who are ready to share knowledge. This has emerged as an urgent business need and a measure of maintaining high-level role of intelligence. The biggest challenge to the individual is the need brings about the individual obligation to be equipped with the latest technological sophistication. Most work environments today are technologically oriented. There is however very little indication that majority of the companies or organizations are working to meet employee’s needs to motive them to achieve the organizations’ goals through assessing their behaviours. The firms expect employees to workout any newly implemented systems at their own peril and struggle. Most managers are result oriented who lack consideration for their achievement. This leaves the employees with the task of figuring out how the new technology should workout. Effects of Motivation Theories at the work place The personal view of the workplace determines individuals’ behaviours during the process of undertaking a task. According to McGregor, the human elevation of entrepreneurship indicates that, some people have an inherent dislike of specific jobs or tasks and they literally try to avoid various chores, which seem stressful to them. As a result, this is a major impact on the organization’s social, cultural and economical growth. Another major impact of this notion is the effect of the individuals’ need to overcome or control the situation at hand. An average human being would prefer guidance to making individual decisions rather that being responsible over bad decisions at the work place. Responsibility comes with the need to be ambitious other than rely on job security. This is not only an effect on the individual who lacks career and economical growth but also the organization. The organization run by low-minded individuals lack chances for economical growth. The assump