ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
New data from the Herschel Space Observatory are broadening our understanding of the physics and evolution of the outer regions of protoplanetary disks in star forming regions. In particular they prove to be useful to identify transitional disk candidates. The goals of this work are to complement the detections of disks and the identification of transitional disk candidates in the Lupus clouds with data from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey. We extracted photometry at 70, 100, 160, 250, 350 and 500 $\mu$m of all spectroscopically confirmed Class II members previously identified in the Lupus regions and analyzed their updated spectral energy distributions. We have detected 34 young disks in Lupus in at least one Herschel band, from an initial sample of 123 known members in the observed fields. Using the criteria defined in Ribas et al. (2013) we have identified five transitional disk candidates in the region. Three of them are new to the literature. Their PACS-70 $\mu$m fluxes are systematically higher than those of normal T Tauri stars in the same associations, as already found in T Cha and in the transitional disks in the Chamaeleon molecular cloud. Herschel efficiently complements mid-infrared surveys for identifying transitional disk candidates and confirms that these objects seem to have substantially different outer disks than the T Tauri stars in the same molecular clouds.
The completely general radiative corrections to lowest order, including the final and initial state radiations, are studied in proton-antiproton annihilation to an electron-positron pair. Numerical estimates have been made in a realistic configuration of the PANDA detector at FAIR for the proton time-like form factors measurements.
We investigate the finite-temperature corrections to scaling in the three-state square-lattice Potts antiferromagnet, close to the critical point at T=0. Numerical diagonalization of the transfer matrix on semi-infinite strips of width $L$ sites, $4 \leq L \leq 14$, yields finite-size estimates of the corresponding scaled gaps, which are extrapolated to $L\to\infty$. Owing to the characteristics of the quantities under study, we argue that the natural variable to consider is $x \equiv L e^{-2\beta}For the extrapolated scaled gaps we show that square-root corrections, in the variable $x$, are present, and provide estimates for the numerical values of the amplitudes of the first-- and second--order correction terms, for both the first and second scaled gaps. We also calculate the third scaled gap of the transfer matrix spectrum at T=0, and find an extrapolated value of the decay-of-correlations exponent, $\eta_3=2.00(1)$. This is at odds with earlier predictions, to the effect that the third relevant operator in the problem would give $\eta_{{\bf P}_{\rm stagg}}=3$, corresponding to the staggered polarization.
Semi-inclusive $J/\psi$ production in electron-proton collisions is a promising process to study gluon transverse momentum distributions (TMDs) at the future Electron-Ion Collider. In this article, we improve on previous studies of the $\cos 2 \phi$ azimuthal asymmetry that arises from the linear polarization of gluons inside unpolarized protons by including TMD evolution. We find that in the TMD regime the asymmetry grows monotonically with increasing transverse momentum of the outgoing $J/\psi$, in contrast to tree level calculations with Gaussian TMDs. Our predictions for the asymmetry at EIC can become very large at larger $x$, $Q$, and transverse momenta, even larger than the positivity bound. This problem stems from the very small $b$ region and implies a range of validity of TMD factorization that is more restricted than usually expected. We also include an estimate of the nonperturbative uncertainty from the large $b$ region and we conclude that it is smaller than the largest source of uncertainty, which stems from the choice of Color Octet Long-Distance Matrix Elements.
In this paper, we investigate the stabilization of a one-dimensional Lorenz piezoelectric (Stretching system) with partial viscous dampings. First, by using Lorenz gauge conditions, we reformulate our system to achieve the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Next, by using General criteria of Arendt-Batty, we prove the strong stability in different cases. Finally, we prove that it is sufficient to control the stretching of the center-line of the beam in x-direction to achieve the exponential stability. Numerical results are also presented to validate our theoretical result.
We present results from a new code for computing gravitational perturbations of the Kerr geometry. This new code carefully maintains high precision to allow us to obtain high-accuracy solutions for the gravitational quasinormal modes of the Kerr space-time. Part of this new code is an implementation of a spectral method for solving the angular Teukolsky equation that, to our knowledge, has not been used before for determining quasinormal modes. We focus our attention on two main areas. First, we explore the behavior of these quasinormal modes in the extreme limit of Kerr, where the frequency of certain modes approaches accumulation points on the real axis. We compare our results with recent analytic predictions of the behavior of these modes near the accumulation points and find good agreement. Second, we explore the behavior of solutions of modes that approach the special frequency $M\omega=-2i$ in the Schwarzschild limit. Our high-accuracy methods allow us to more closely approach the Schwarzschild limit than was possible with previous numerical studies. Unlike previous work, we find excellent agreement with analytic predictions of the behavior near this special frequency. We include a detailed description of our methods, and make use of the theory of confluent Heun differential equations throughout. In particular, we make use of confluent Heun polynomials to help shed some light on the controversy of the existence, or not, of quasinormal and total-transmission modes at certain special frequencies in the Schwarzschild limit.
We report 4 new detections of 21-cm absorption from a systematic search of 21-cm absorption in a sample of 17 strong (Wr(MgII 2796)>1A) intervening MgII absorbers at 0.5<z<1.5. We also present 20-cm milliarcsecond scale maps of 40 quasars having 42 intervening strong MgII absorbers for which we have searched for 21-cm absorption. Combining 21-cm absorption measurements for 50 strong MgII systems from our surveys with the measurements from literature, we obtain a sample of 85 strong MgII absorbers at 0.5<z<1 and 1.1<z<1.5. We present detailed analysis of this sample, taking into account the effect of the varying 21-cm optical depth sensitivity and covering factor associated with the different quasar sight lines. We find that the 21-cm detection rate is higher towards the quasars with flat or inverted spectral index at cm wavelengths. About 70% of 21-cm detections are towards the quasars with linear size, LS<100 pc. The 21-cm absorption lines having velocity widths, DeltaV>100 km/s are mainly seen towards the quasars with extended radio morphology at arcsecond scales. However, we do not find any correlation between the integrated 21-cm optical depth or DeltaV with the LS measured from the milliarcsecond scale images. All this can be understood if the absorbing gas is patchy with a typical correlation length of ~30-100 pc. We show that within the measurement uncertainty, the 21-cm detection rate in strong MgII systems is constant over 0.5<z<1.5, i.e., over ~30% of the total age of universe. We show that the detection rate can be underestimated by up to a factor 2 if 21-cm optical depths are not corrected for the partial coverage estimated using milliarcsecond scale maps. Since stellar feedback processes are expected to diminish the filling factor of cold neutral medium over 0.5<z<1, this lack of evolution in the 21-cm detection rate in strong MgII absorbers is intriguing. [abridged]
The scaling behavior of model C describing the dynamical behaviour of the $n$-component nonconserved order parameter coupled statically to a scalar conserved density is considered in $d$-dimensional space. Conditions for the realization of different types of scaling regimes in the $(n,d)$ plane are studied within the field-theoretical renormalization group approach. Borders separating these regions are calculated on the base of high-order RG functions using $\epsilon$-expansions as well as by fixed dimension $d$ approach with resummation.
A number of new proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem are given based on the observables of the three-qubit Pauli group. Each proof is presented in the form of a diagram from which it is obvious by inspection. Each of our observable-based proofs leads to a system of projectors and bases that generally yields a large number of "parity proofs" of the Kochen-Specker theorem. Some examples of such proofs are given and some of their applications are discussed.
We consider a thermal particle which is diffusing in velocity-space and in a weakly confining potential characterized by the inverse hyperbolic sine function of the particle velocity $v$ and the control parameter $v_c$. The stationary state of the Fokker-Planck equation is shown to be a canonical probability distribution. Furthermore an appropriate re-parametrization relates this stationary state with the $\kappa$-deformed Gaussian.
The transition from order to chaos in atomic nuclei has been studied analytically and numerically using a quadrupole--quadrupole residual interaction. This interaction leads to chaotic behaviour, but the critical energy $E_C\simeq 12.6$ MeV, corresponding to the onset of chaos, is higher than that of the experimental one.
We present neutrino capture cross sections on 13C at supernova neutrino energies, up to 50 MeV. For both charged-current and neutral-current reactions partial cross sections are calculated using statistical Hauser-Feschbach method. Coherent elastic neutrino scattering cross section for a 13C target is also provided.
\textit{Dessins d'enfants} (hypermaps) are useful to describe algebraic properties of the Riemann surfaces they are embedded in. In general, it is not easy to describe algebraic properties of the surface of the embedding starting from the combinatorial properties of an embedded dessin. However, this task becomes easier if the dessin has a large automorphism group.   In this paper we consider a special type of dessins, so-called \textit{Wada dessins}. Their underlying graph illustrates the incidence structure of finite projective spaces $\PR{m}{n}$. Usually, the automorphism group of these dessins is a cyclic \textit{Singer group} $\Sigma_\ell$ permuting transitively the vertices. However, in some cases, a second group of automorphisms $\Phi_f$ exists. It is a cyclic group generated by the \textit{Frobenius automorphism}. We show under what conditions $\Phi_f$ is a group of automorphisms acting freely on the edges of the considered dessins.
The gamma-ray binary 1FGL J1018.6-5856 consists of an O6V((f)) type star and an unknown compact object, and shows orbitally modulated emission from radio to very high energy gamma rays. The X-ray light curve shows a maximum around the same phase as the GeV emission, but also a secondary maximum between phases $\phi=0.2 - 0.6$. A clear solution to the binary system is important for understanding the emission mechanisms occurring within the system. In order to improve on the existing binary solution, we undertook radial velocity measurements of the optical companion using the Southern African Large Telescope, as well as analysed publicly available X-ray and GeV gamma-ray data. A search for periodicity in Fermi-LAT data found an orbital period of $P=16.5507\pm0.0004$ d. The best fit solution to the radial velocities, held at this new period, finds the system to be more eccentric than previous observations, $e=0.531 \pm 0.033$ with a longitude of periastron of $151.2 \pm 5.1^\circ$, and a larger mass function $f = 0.00432\pm 0.00077$ M$_\odot$. We propose that the peaks in the X-ray and gamma-ray light curves around phase 0 are due to the observation of the confined shock formed between the pulsar and stellar wind pointing towards the observer. The secondary increase or strong rapid variations of the X-ray flux at phases 0.25-0.75 is due to the interaction of multiple randomly oriented stellar wind clumps/pulsar wind interactions around apastron.
The entropy of an ordinary (photon) laser and an atom laser (Bose condensate) is calculated. In particular, the nonzero entropy of a single mode laser or maser operating near threshold is obtained. This result is to be compared with the statement frequently made in the study of the maser heat engine to the effect that: "because maser radiation is in a pure state, its entropy is zero." Similarly, the entropy of the ground state of a Bose-Einstein condensate (a.k.a. the atom laser) is also calculated for the first time. This is to be compared with the textbook wisdom which holds that: "The condensed particles ... are condensed in momentum space, a set of stationary particles ... having zero energy and zero entropy."
The current evidence for morphologically peculiar galaxy populations at high-redshifts is outlined. After describing various techniques which can be used to quantify the importance of ``morphological K-corrections'', and to objectively classify galaxy morphology in the presence of these biases, it is concluded that observational biases are not sufficient to explain the increase in the fraction of peculiar galaxies on deep HST images. A new technique is then described which models the spatially resolved internal colors of high redshift galaxies, as a probe of the processes driving galaxy evolution. This ``morphophotometric'' approach investigates directly the evolutionary history of stellar populations, and is a sensitive test of the mechanisms through which galaxies build up and evolve in the field. As a case study, we analyse several ``chain galaxies'' in the Hubble Deep Field. These chain galaxies are shown to be protogalaxies undergoing their first significant episodes of star-formation, and not simply distant edge-on spirals.
A new version of nonsymmetric gravitational theory is presented. The field equations are expanded about the Minkowski metric, giving in lowest order the linear Einstein field equations and massive Proca field equations for the antisymmetric field $g_{[\mu\nu]}$. An expansion about an arbitrary Einstein background metric yields massive Proca field equations with couplings to only physical modes. It follows that the new version of NGT is free of ghost poles, tachyons and higher-order poles and there are no problems with asymptotic boundary conditions. A static spherically symmetric solution of the field equations in the short-range approximation is everywhere regular and does not contain a black hole event horizon.
We report the realization of STM-based lithography with silicon layers removal on the chlorinated Si(100)-2x1 surface at 77 K. In contrast to other STM lithography studies, we were able to remove locally both chlorine and silicon atoms. Most of the etched pits have a lateral size of 10-20 A and a depth of 1-5 A. In the pits in which the STM image with atomic resolution is obtained, the bottom is mainly covered with chlorine. Some pits contain chlorine vacancies. Mechanisms of STM-induced removal of silicon and chlorine atoms on Si(100)-2x1-Cl are discussed and compared with the well-studied case of STM-induced hydrogen desorption on Si(100)-2x1-H. The results open up new possibilities of the three-dimensional local etching with STM lithography.
Let M_{7,n} be the (coarse) moduli space of smooth curves of genus 7 with n marked points defined over the complex field. We denote by M^1_{7,n;4} the locus of points inside M_{7,n} representing curves carrying a g^1_4. It is classically known that M^1_{7,n;4} is irreducible of dimension 17+n. We prove in this paper that M^1_{7,n;4} is rational for 0<= n <= 11.
We calculate the third order nonlinear optical response in the Hubbard model within the spin density wave (SDW) mean field ansatz in which the gap is due to onsite Coulomb repulsion. We obtain closed-form analytical results in one dimension (1D) and two dimension (2D), which show that nonlinear optical response in SDW insulators in 2D is stronger than both 3D and 1D. We also calculate the two photon absorption (TPA) arising from the stress tensor term. We show that in the SDW, the contribution from stress tensor term to the low-energy peak corresponding to two photon absorption becomes identically zero if we consider the gauge invariant current properly.
We consider the fractional Burgers' equation on $\R^N$ with the critical dissipation term. We follow the parabolic De-Giorgi's method of Caffarelli and Vasseur \cite{Driftdiffusion} and show existence of smooth solutions given any initial datum in $L^2(\R^N)$.
Let $n$ be an integer such that $n = 5$ or $n \geq 7$. In this article, we introduce a recipe for a certain infinite family of non-singular plane curves of degree $n$ which violate the local-global principle. Moreover, each family contains infinitely many members which are not geometrically isomorphic to each other. Our construction is based on two arithmetic objects; that is, prime numbers of the form $X^{3}+NY^{3}$ due to Heath-Brown and Moroz and the Fermat type equation of the form $x^{3}+Ny^{3} = Lz^{n}$, where $N$ and $L$ are suitably chosen integers. In this sense, our construction is an extension of the family of odd degree $n$ which was previously found by Shimizu and the author. The previous construction works only if the given degree $n$ has a prime divisor which satisfies a certain indivisibility conjecture of Ankeny-Artin-Chowla-Mordell type. In this time, we focus on the complementary cases, namely the cases of even degrees and exceptional odd degrees. Consequently, our recipe works well as a whole. This means that we can unconditionally obtain infinitely many non-singular plane curves of every degree $n = 5$ or $n \geq 7$ which violate the local-global principle. This gives a conclusion of the classical story of searching explicit ternary forms violating the local-global principle, which was originated by Selmer (1951) and extended by Fujiwara (1972) and others.
We present new calculations of the $\alpha$-particle which are based on the most modern nucleon-nucleon interactions alone and combined with the Tucson-Melbourne or the Urbana IX three-nucleon interaction. Results for the binding energies and some properties of the wavefunction are given. On that phenomenological level little room is left for the action of a possible four-nucleon force.
We present the first weak-lensing-based scaling relation between galaxy cluster mass, M_wl, and integrated Compton parameter Y_sph. Observations of 18 galaxy clusters at z~0.2 were obtained with the Subaru 8.2-m telescope and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array. The M_wl-Y_sph scaling relations, measured at Delta=500, 1000, and 2500 rho_c, are consistent in slope and normalization with previous results derived under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium (HSE). We find an intrinsic scatter in M_wl at fixed Y_sph of 20%, larger than both previous measurements of M_HSE-Y_sph scatter as well as the scatter in true mass at fixed Y_sph found in simulations. Moreover, the scatter in our lensing-based scaling relations is morphology dependent, with 30-40% larger M_wl for undisturbed compared to disturbed clusters at the same Y_sph at r_500. Further examination suggests that the segregation may be explained by the inability of our spherical lens models to faithfully describe the three-dimensional structure of the clusters, in particular, the structure along the line-of-sight. We find that the ellipticity of the brightest cluster galaxy, a proxy for halo orientation, correlates well with the offset in mass from the mean scaling relation, which supports this picture. This provides empirical evidence that line-of-sight projection effects are an important systematic uncertainty in lensing-based scaling relations.
Molecular junctions and similar devices described by an energy dependent transmission coefficient can have a high linear response thermoelectric figure of merit. Since such devices are inherently non-linear, the full thermodynamic efficiency valid for any temperature and chemical potential difference across the leads is calculated. The general features in the energy dependence of the tranmission function that lead to high efficiency and also high power output are determined. It is shown that the device with the highest efficiency does not necessarily lead to large power output. To illustrate this, we use a model called the t-stub model representing tunneling through an energy level connected to another energy level. Within this model both high efficiency and high power output are achievable. Futhermore, by connecting many nanodevices it is shown to be possible to scale up the power output without compromising efficiency in an (exactly solvable) n-channel model even with tunneling between the devices.
The $\Lambda\Lambda$ interaction resulting from the SU(3) rotation of the S-wave component of the Nijmegen OBE potential $D$ is used to calculate the binding energy of $^{ 6}_{\Lambda\Lambda}$He as a $\Lambda\Lambda\alpha$ three-body system, and the neutron differential energy spectrum for the reaction $\Xi^- + d \to n + \Lambda + \Lambda$.
We investigate the performance of Gaussianmodulated coherent-state QKD protocols in the presence of canonical attacks, which are collective Gaussian attacks resulting in Gaussian channels described by one of the possible canonical forms. We present asymptotic key rates and then we extend the results to the finite-size regime using a recently-developed toolbox for composable security.
We study the vacuum distribution, under an appropriate scaling, of a family of partial sums of nonsymmetric position operators on weakly monotone and monotone Fock spaces, respectively. We preliminary treat the case of weakly monotone Fock space, and show that any single operator has the vacuum law belonging to the free Meixner class. After establishing some relations between the combinatorics of Motzkin and Riordan paths, we give a recursive formula for the vacuum moments of the law of any finite sum. Since the operators are monotone independent, the distribution is the monotone convolution of the free Meixner law above. We also investigate the asymptotic measure for these sums, which can be seen as "Poisson type" limit law. It turns out to belong to the free Meixner class, with an atomic and an absolutely continuous part (w.r.t. the Lebesgue measure). Finally, we briefly apply analogous considerations to the case of monotone Fock space.
This paper is devoted to investigating the Freidlin-Wentzell's large deviation principle for a class of McKean-Vlasov quasilinear SPDEs perturbed by small multiplicative noise. We adopt the variational framework and the modified weak convergence criteria to prove the Laplace principle for McKean-Vlasov type SPDEs, which is equivalent to the large deviation principle. Moreover, we do not assume any compactness condition of embedding in the Gelfand triple to handle both the cases of bounded and unbounded domains in applications. The main results can be applied to various McKean-Vlasov type SPDEs such as distribution dependent stochastic porous media type equations and stochastic p-Laplace type equations.