ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A quantitative method will be used to study Saudi students’ perceptions about using social media to support their learning at Saudi university and examine the effect of students’ perceptions of ease of use, and perceptions of usefulness, on their intentions to use social media support their learning. The research about students’ perceptions toward using social media to support their learning in Saudi Arabia is very limited. It is expected that this current study will guide to a better understanding of students’ perceptions toward using social media in their education. It will also contribute to the field by providing results for scholars and curriculum developers in this Saudi university who are interested in contemporary educational practices and in improvements to teaching and learning. The present chapter begins with a reiteration of the problem statement and the research questions posed for the study. It will also include a detailed discussion of the selected quantitative research methodology and design, as well as a description of the study population, sample, and selection criteria for participating teachers. Since the study uses a survey as the key data collection method, details on the validity and reliability of the chosen instrument will also be provided in this chapter. Procedures for data collection and analysis will be explained, and ethical considerations will be listed and discussed. Finally, the chapter will explore the limitations of the study. Problem Statement The development of social media technologies affected the process of communication between communities, individuals, and organizations (Tezci & Içen, 2017). The use of social media has become a worldwide trend, thus giving rise to new patterns of communication. This trend has a powerful influence on all aspects of people’s lives, including education (Tezci & Içen, 2017). The government of Saudi Arabia supports the use of social media and understands its possible positive effect on the entire community, including Saudi students. Some Saudi universities have already embraced the use of social media to facilitate content delivery and the learning process. Established in 1957, King Saud University was the first university in Saudi Arabia. Today, the number of students enrolled in this institution is 61,704, making it the biggest university in the country. Because the majority of current students in Saudi Arabia are from generation Z, they rely on the use of modern technologies, such as social media, to exchange knowledge, information, and ideas. According to Turner (2015
Introduction The effort to equalize education opportunities in learning institutions has resulted in the inclusion of a form of affirmative action that seeks to consider disadvantaged groups such as the non-whites and women. However, in the United States, various interest groups have challenged affirmative action regarding it as an effort to reverse discrimination (Affolter, 2013). In this light, this paper examines the claims presented by two students concerning discrimination in the admission criteria at Green Mountain University. The first student is Bob Jones whose admission request was declined on an affirmative basis targeting to attract more African-American students. The other student is Joan Daley whose admission request is accepted because she is an African-American. This policy is meant to encourage diversity of the student body that is currently saturated with students from the Caucasian background. Evaluating the claim Admission policies are a set of guidelines formulated by the university body mandated with the recruitment and admission of students. For an applicant to be considered for admission to a certain program, s/he must attain certain provisions as stipulated in the institution’s policy. However, a valid admission policy should constitute requirements that involve diversity and equality. Admission policies should enhance diversity by ensuring that they consider some aspects such as religion, gender, culture, and race. In this case, students can benefit from the educational aspects of diversity. Besides, institutions that encourage diversity on all grounds enhance integration and assist students in appreciating the beliefs and values of others. Admission policies should target to recruit high performers from disadvantaged societies. The policies should formulate a criterion to ensure that those students who perform well and have financial challenges to access higher education are considered. Considering recruitment from low-income backgrounds might assist the many African-Americans who might have suffered the disadvantages of discrimination. This kind of policy can help bridge the gap between the affluent and the underprivileged in the community. According to Affolter (2013), the future of the United States’ socio-economic and political progress is largely based on women’s empowerment. Thus, based on development interests, admission policies should seek to improve the number of women in their learning institutions. Admission should also be based on merit. Even though performance is a major consideration for a valid admission policy, it should consider that some applicants come from predominantly low-income classes where performance is influenced by poor livelihood (Affolter, 2013). In this case, the admission test and interviews conducted to evaluate competence should be structured to favor applicants from poor backgrounds. Given that some instances such as those of Jones and Delay are highly competitive and do not fall under this policy, it becomes inevitab
Introduction Health-related issues are a common matter of concern among all domestic animals, and dogs are not an exception to this rule. In most cases, genetic modifications resulting in new breeds cannot help to overcome the challenge of diseases. Instead, it is essential to point to the fact that most purebred dogs are exposed to higher risks of diseases, including inherited ones, compared to non-purebred. Still, some diseases are not associated with a breed but are common for all dogs regardless of their size and age. Therefore, the paper at hand aims at investigating two common canine diseases – hip dysplasia and canine parvovirus. Hip Dysplasia Hip dysplasia is a common health issue among dogs. It is commonly connected to the high costs of treatment and the impaired welfare of an animal. This disease is not one particular breed that is prone to developing, which means that all dogs are exposed to this risk. Still, larger dogs are more susceptible to it compared to smaller ones because of common abnormalities in the growth of joints and bones. Hip dysplasia varies from mild to severe forms of the disease that stand for diverse influences on animal’s health, comfort, and the ability to move ( Oberbauer et al. 2 ). Causes Hip dysplasia is a complex disorder. It can be either inhabited in its nature or caused by some environmental factors. In the case of the inhabited hip dysplasia, the disease is related to genetic changes (Oberbauer et al. 2). As for the environmental factors leading to the concern, they include but are not limited to injuries, ligament raptures, overweight conditions, and even neutering dogs regardless of their sex (Oberbauer et al. 17). In most cases, it is the combination of two causes that leads to hip dysplasia. It means that in case of avoiding some environmental factors or activities, genetic changes alone do not entail severe health-related consequences. At the same time, hip dysplasia can be caused by some specificities of a puppy’s development. For instance, the excess of some vitamins (calcium and vitamin C) leads to rapid growth that, in turn, entails unforeseen changes in joints. The same is true about over-nutrition (Oberbauer et al. 2). Clinical Signs Hip dysplasia is characterized by hip joint laxity that results in abnormal joint activity. This condition commonly leads to the deformation of the femur head or acetabulum (see Figure 1). In some cases, there are deformations of the two (Sánchez-Molano 134). Therefore, dog’s movements become even more anomalous that leads to more severe changes in joints and health-related consequences (Sánchez-Molano 135). Figure 1. Hip dysplasia (Kremer). Commonly, symptoms progress in young dogs (before 18 months). However, in the case of mild forms, hip dysplasia remains asymptomatic. It means that signs a
Introduction The workplace today is in a condition of metamorphosis of workers’ motivation, customers’ satisfaction, human-resource development and customer relation management with a global mindset of penetrating every aspect of the organization. Effective workforce is a pillar in an organization as it is a great player in accomplishing the firms’ objectives and service delivery. According to Aspatore Books, human-resource management is the organizational function that enables efficiency, innovation, creativity and flexibility of the workforce to transform them into productive assets. 1 Therefore, many institutions have emphasized on the need to consider (HRM) human-resource management as a course. However, it is also important to note that it is one of the demanding knowledge, especially in a workplace. 2 An orderly managed well-organized human-resource department assists the organizations to attain the desired goals and competitiveness in the industry. Background of the study In the present century, the human-resource management departments are facing unlimited challenges. As paradigms have changed in various dimensions and the factors affecting human-resource management are not exceptional. The human-resource management must re-examine the organizational structure and functions in order to cope with relevance, new trends and challenges in the contemporary business setting. In the current business context, the most affecting and challenging issue to an informed man is time’s nature of setting things in order and in place in the best and most effective way 3 . Advanced technology, through the use of computer and smart phones, assist man to deal situations in the most effective and efficient manner. The state of human-resource management is a system that attracts strengths, encourages, and maintain
Looking Forward The path of spiritual development is complex and paved with multiple challenges, yet there is an evident possibility to attain a higher level of spirituality after finishing the course. It seems that, after the studying is complete, one can develop a more insightful perspective into the meaning of Christlikeness and the ideas that it strives to convey. Specifically, it is expected to become evident that the importance of unity among Christians should take the main priority as the goal that the Christian community has to attain. With the focus on bringing people of the Christian faith together and the promotion of Christian values and virtues, the course will shed a lot of light on the role of a leader and the strategies that can be used to convince people to accept the essential principles of the Christian faith. The course is also expected to provide the platform for research and profound contemplations regarding the selection of wording used in the Bible and the impact that it has on its readers. An analysis of Biblical texts and their contextualization will reveal how one can shape people’s attitudes toward the issue of Christian unity and the ideas that allow brining the community together, particularly, the perception of specific signifiers of Christian faith. Thus, during the course, the choice of framing Biblical events and narratives as the means of shaping people’s beliefs and ideas is believed to be studied. Furthermore, opportunities for inspiring Christians and introducing them to a coherent and consistent dialogue regarding the essentials of faith will been discovered. Overall, it is assumed that the course will familiarize its participants with the principles of spiritual formation. The latter might seem as a rather obscure term, yet it, in fact, embraces several very clear notions such as personal perception of Christian values, the development of spiritual insight, and the ability to mature emotionally as a Christian believer. Although the described interpretation of spiritual formation seems comprehensive enough, it could still use significant improvements. Therefore, it is expected that the course in question will offer more extensive knowledge of the concept of spiritual formation and the strategies that can encourage spiritual growth. Moreover, since a Christian leader also has to focus on promoting spiritual development in others, the notion of spiritual formation as a community process will need to be explored. Similarly, the role of a leader in shaping people’s perception of Christian values and philosophy will have to be analyzed to determine the critical aspects of increasing spirituality and emotional maturity within a specific cultural setting. Defining Spiritual Formation Gaining spiritual insight is a multifaceted process that involves several stages, education being one of them. Representing one’s growth and maturity as a Christian, the notion of spiritual formation incorporates several aspects of personal development that have to be explored in order to reach a new stage of spirituality. At the same time, the phenomenon under analysis may contain several
The existence and further development of society rest on how people interact with each other as the success of this process predetermines the evolution of communities and their beneficial development. Under these conditions, language becomes the central tool that is needed to engage in meaningful cooperation and achieve the desired goal via the discussion of particular features and creating the plan of action. Regarding the complexity of tasks people face in their everyday life and differences in mentalities, language acquires multiple sophisticated aspects that are demanded to achieve mutual understanding and negotiate about various issues. That is why humanity has always tried to consider the basic peculiarities of this tool with the primary aim to outline fundamental mechanisms of its functioning along with the ways how it can be improved. For instance, the way certain information is presented impacts people’s perception and attitude to described facts. That is why the concept of deixis acquires the top priority as one of the methods to convey information and achieve a particular reaction from other individuals. Thus, proxima
The question regarding safety is urgent in all spheres of human activity, and educational settings are not the exception. Students should be provided with safe and secure plays to study for them to get appropriate knowledge and acquire skills. Every university is responsible for providing students, teachers, and guests of the campus with safety. In the modern world, violence and aggressiveness are not new phenomena; however, the possible risks of threat should be reduced to the minimum. Every college should try to become the safest place. The primary purpose of the paper is to evaluate possible ways on how to improve safety in educational establishments. What is safety? This term is always connected with some limitations. Safety is impossible without restrictions. The society has already developed such norms that secure people, among them are the following ones, namely prohibition to carry the weapon, take drugs, and offense any person (Belasco and Reider 224). Every stated aspect is condemned. These rules were developed for every person to have a safe space and living. Without limitations, people are divided into two groups, the dominants who violate the law or rule, and a victim that suffers from it. The fundamental value is equality and finding a consensus. Society has to create limitations and safe conditions for living to provide the maximum number of individuals with freedom, personal space, and feeling of security. As for the students, for young people, this question becomes even more urgent as they acquire new skills and go out of their comfort zone. Without safety, they will have no chances for self-development. The second aspect of making college a better and safer place is surveillance cameras. They will provide the student with better security. Moreover, cameras are the sources of the evidence, in case the crime occurred. The installation of hidden cameras contributes to the feeling of proper control. According to the experts, it is one of the most economical ways to improve safety conditions, as this solution does not require hiring people (Belasco and Reider 224). Although surveillance cameras may violate the right for personal space, it is worth highlighting that without this limitation, colleges will not guarantee the public peace. If cameras save the life even of one person, then the saved life justifies all the limitations of the majority of people. Nevertheless, it should be stressed that surveillance cameras should not be installed in bathrooms and locker rooms. The only authorized body will have access to the cameras, and that is, the information will be secure and confidential. For the improvement of security in college, people need to be an integral part of the safety process. Students should be provided with lectures that aim to offer information regarding the ways of protection and what can be done to increase safety. In case someone violates rules, the person should be criticized. The person who breaks the rules has to feel the pressure of public opinion. The information concerning o
Considering the problem of homelessness, I can refer to several norms that support my belief in the obligations of churches to initiate changes that are targeted at dealing with the problem of homelessness. First of all, it should be considered that home as a residence is a basic human need according to Scripture. According to it, it is a norm for all people to have an appropriate home where they can be safe. Home is also a community that accepts individuals and cares for them. This is an ethical norm that also has biblical roots. As stated by Luke, a home includes family and other people within a particular physical location, church community. Theological sources, such as Psalm, discuss it as a place of belonging and security. Home can be even a county that is one’s native land, with which many positive things are associated. Finally, it is considered to be an ethical norm that deals with social justice and equality. There is no legislation that can make others provide a vulnerable population with home, but it seems to be a moral obligation to all people in the nature of God. These norms look rather reasonable to me due to the information I have discovered from the articles. Many people do not have any residence, which makes them live in the conditions that are not appropriate for the human beings nowadays 1 . As a result, they are very vulnerable and have no place to hide in a case of harass. It is critical to provide people with a kind of a shelter that can keep them safe even while sleeping. They were given a precious life, and it would be wrong to lose it because of no opportunity for protection. The contemporary social structure shows that homeless people are strangers to the general public even though they were born within the society, which proves that they should take their place back 2 . In some cases, authorities tend to abuse their power and take homes from people 3 . They are able to dishouse a person if they need this territory or even expatriate one with no permission to go back to the native land that was a home of previous generations and holds history. Except for that, the government today actively emphasizes the rights of various populations, claiming that they should not be deprived. It tries to create a caring community with shared views and beliefs 4 . Considering everything mentioned above, I think I can create an argument, which states that Atlan
Introduction Friday Night Lights was a movie released in 2004, based on a novel by H. G. Bissinger by the name of Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream (1990). It aims to document the true story of a high school football team and their coach, residents of the Texas city of Odessa, where the entire city comprises avid followers of the team and the game. Hence, this captivating story recounts the 1988 football season of the Permian High School Team, delving into the unique personalities of the characters, their dynamics, and their pursuit of the championship title. Similarities between the book and the movie There are certain ways in which the movie and book are similar. Both profile the economically depressed town of Odessa and the craziness for sports that is prevalent there. When the Permian Panthers play football every Friday night, people forget their miseries and troubles, and this West Texas town becomes a place alive with hopes and dreams, as the tagline aptly puts it, “Hope comes alive on Friday nights.” The deep involvement of the residents with the team and the winning-is-everything attitude is a theme common to the book and movie. The tragic story of Boobie Miles, the team’s star running back who was recruited by all major programs but loses his big chance due to a scrimmage is also focused on in detail in the book as well as the movie. The overall sports hysteria is shared by the book and the movie, but beyond football, both versions of the story also pay attention to the consequences of people’s actions, their choices, and the inevitable ramifications. Since the movie is based on the book which is a real-life account, it is shot in a semi-documentary way which gives it an authentic feel, as the characters or the sport is not overly dramatized, or blown out of proportion for the sake of a big-screen audience. Due to this, both the book and movie succeed in bringing to life the good and bad sides of life and the obsession related to sports. Differences between the book and the movie However, several ways differentiate the movie from the book. In the book, Bissinger had bravely tackled several societal issues which were important to truly give a realistic feel of the town. For example, racial conflict, economic problems, and the income and social inequalities between the wealthy citizens as compared to the blue-collar citizens were all discussed in great detail in the book. These things are omitted from the movie. The book had a definite sociological theme as it did not shy away from racial issues, failure, futility, hypocrisy, and displaced priorities where education ranked at the bottom. These concepts are very briefly touched upon in the movie, if at all. For example, racial sl