ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Information technology has emerged to be a new discipline in the management of organizations because it predicts the outcome of computer applications in contemporary management systems. Computers have now taken over organizations and totally changed managerial practices to make them more digital; thereby prompting an understanding of experiential computing as a new discipline in management because it is currently part of everyday life. In light of this development, it has become increasingly important that organizations adopt a new approach to information technology with a special emphasis on experiential computing as an emerging discipline in organizational management. In a practical point of view, experiential computing appeals to certain facets of human experience such as time, space, actors, artifacts and the likes (although the experience is virtually experienced in a digital world). This study will borrow from both a design aspect and from a behavioral point of view to determine how organizations can improve their approach to experiential computing. Ultimately, this study will point out that various organizations ought to focus on their roots and emphasize more on the discipline of management in its artificial sense. This is to be accomplished through breaking organizational limits and exploring new domains of research in experiential computing and inculcating this technique into the organizational culture. Conceptual Framework Yoo defines experiential computing as “involving digitally mediated embodied experiences in everyday activities through everyday artifacts that have embedded computing capabilities” [1] . Experiential computing is therefore a deviation from the superficial form of computing to represent a deeper relationship between the world, people and technology (all at the same time) [2] . This kind of relationship is embodied together and represents the manner in which everyday life ought to be perceived. The relationship experienced here (whether social or economic) is not abstract but rather experienced through real life undertakings [3] . Without experiential computing, humans would view the world in a symbolic form; but relating the world with human experience gives a deeper meaning to the relationship because the world is part of life and humans form a perception of it through their interaction with it. In this manner, technology acts as a mediator of human experience with the world. In the same manner also, technology seeks to underscore the importance of physical human interaction with the world and instead, its mediation between humans and the world develops around the core areas of space, time, actors and artifacts. These facets form the experiential framework of computing. Dimensions of Experiential Computing Experiential computing observes that the digital experience takes its first step of development through the human body which exists in space. The human experience cann
Creating a menu for vegetarians, many food services do not think about the specifics of the nutrition of such people. Moreover, a lot of additional factors are to be considered about vegetarians while developing a menu fir them. Much attention should be paid to the reasons people have applied to which choosing their diet. The food services are to understand the psychology of vegetarians to make sure that they have developed the menu for them correctly and to know some particular rules according to which the menu is to be developed. Amir Shani and Robin B. DiPietro in their article “Vegetarians: A typology for foodservice menu development” discuss the problems the food services ace when they are about to develop a menu for vegetarians. Firs of all, the authors state the fact that the research in the sphere is not enough. The food service menu development is the theme which is considered in many journals, however, the problem of vegetarian menu is not usually discussed. Dining is one of the Western activities and vegetarians want to have a perfectly developed meal if it is possible. Therefore, paying much attention to the motivation for being a vegetarian as the main factor food services should refer to while developing a menu, the authors of the article have decided to consider the problem as close as possible. The authors refer to the following difficulties in developing the menu, lack of knowledge about vegetarian food, absence of the notification in the menu that a food is vegetarian, limited variety of choice of the vegetarian food, presence of the hidden meat in the food, such as beef flavoring, etc., and the inability to understand the reasons why people consume vegetarian food which is really important. Dwelling upon the reasons of the little research in the sphere, the authors refer to the problem of boring and unsatisfying attitude to vegetarian food. However, this is not really correct and many cooks begin to pay more attention to vegetarian food in several reasons. First of all, many people become interested in vegetarian food. Second, the demand on such kind of food encourages the cooks create something interesting and the development of the vegetarian menu becomes a new issue for the restaurants. Moreover, the tendency to healthy nutrition increases the number of those who prefer vegetarian food, however, there are people who are vegetarians because of other reasons. Amir Shani and Robin B. DiPietro are sure that the reasons why people have chosen vegetarian diet should be considered while developing the vegetarian menu as to meet the desires of different customers, the restaurant is to try to satisfy the needs of each of the customers. The individual approach is really important as trying to direct attention to each particular customer, the restaurant is going to win in comparison with the food service where the menu is directed for all vegetarians without d
Synthesis is a process that is often used both in a person’s daily life and highly specific spheres, like art, music or architecture. As a concept, synthesis involves using particular use of existing elements to form a whole. However, a notable difference comes in what is defined as an element. In synthesis, each element of a new whole is a whole in and of itself. This means, that, each separate part of a created object can be examined or understood as its own entity. For example, a person making figures out of different vegetables can be examined. Every single vegetable carved out for the purposes of art, put into its intended place or altered remains being itself, a distinct whole that is used to comprise a bigger whole. A creation made out of vegetables would be considered a piece of art, but each of its individual part remains an object someone can understand. The process of synthesis also includes other specific steps, such as choosing and grouping the elements according to specific criteria. Similar process of synthesis is used in many avenues of human life, even those that one may consider mundane. I, personally, engage with the concept of synthesis every day, using different objects to create new and unique meaning for myself or others. The image above is the result of me using the process of synthesis. Cooking, as a whole, can be one of the most prime examples of creating something from existing parts. As can be seen in the image, each ingredient can be considered a separate entity, but their combination with each other, the particular choice of foods and their positioning transforms the meaning from “food items” to a “dish”. All ingredients were also selected in accordance with particular criteria – taste and availability in this case.
The fact that science and religion are two mutually excluding concepts has been clearly illustrated, throughout the history. After Christianity became an official religion in Rome, the ancient ideals of beauty and perfection, embodied in classical Greek and Roman sculptures, yielded to midgets, hunchbacks, lunatics and impotents. The same thing happened in the intellectual domain, as well. Ancient science, which was a veritable science, in most of its notions, was replaced by so many pseudo-sciences, that their brief survey would represent an encyclopaedic task. It was very difficult for the science to break out of Christian imprisonment – intellectuals were burned at stake for suggesting that Earth revolves around the Sun, for pointing out at logical inconsistencies, found in “good book” and even for studying human anatomy. Even the translation of Bible from Latin into secular languages was considered to be the major sin, simply because “holy fathers” were not interested in people gaining an independent knowledge about surrounding reality, as it would eventually cause these people to recognize Christian religious dogma for what it really is – a suicidal nonsense. Therefore, it is quite explainable why Bible thumpers consider evolutionary theory, formulated by Charles Darwin; as such, that represents clear danger to the parasitic existence of Christian clergy. Evolutionary theory explains the “intelligent design” of living organisms as the result of natural selection over millions and millions of years. The organic life on this planet was not created – it evolved out of set of non-organic elements, and it took millions and millions of years, before the most perfected product of evolution, homo sapiens , was able to realise this fact for the first time. As Richard Dawkins in his book “The Selfish Gene” suggests: “Intelligent life on a planet comes of age when it first works out the reason for its own existence. If superior creatures from space ever visit earth, the first question they will ask, in order to assess the level of our civilization, is: ‘Have they discovered evolution yet?’ Living organisms had existed on earth, without ever knowing why, for over three thousand million years before the truth finally dawned on one of them. His name was Charles Darwin” (Dawkins, p. 3). Once people become aware of the fact that there is no God, in traditional sense of this word, they will be less willing to open up their wallets, while being approached by the “lambs of God”, who demand monetary donations for a variety of “good causes”, such as “helping needy children of Somalia”. This is the reason why evolutionary theory and religion cannot coexist by definition, despite numerous attempts to reconcile science with religious ignorance. Homo Sapiens is the specie in the state of continuous evolutionary transition. Therefore, within a context of evolutionary theory, religion is being viewed as simply the part of evolving humans striving to attain a
Introduction The concept of positive psychology is fairly a new concept that was formulated in 1998 by psychology scholars. The founders believed that human beings could reason positively leading to logical explanation of facts. This would help individuals, families and the entire community to coexist peacefully. Positive psychology seeks to establish and nurture genius as well as talent in individuals. This makes normal life more appealing, unlike looking for ways of curing mental problems. In other words, positive psychology aims at augmenting traditional psychology rather than abolishing it. Other than understanding why things go wrong, the field utilizes scientific techniques in determining how mistakes occur (Wierzbicka 37). The field evaluates things such as happiness, morals and intrinsic worth. Positive psychology traces its roots in the humanistic theory, which focuses so much on pleasure and realization. The Chinese have one of the most complex cultures in the world. Most important values are derived from Confucianism and Taoism. In business for instance, the Chinese respect the laid down rules that guide their day-to-day activities in trade. This paper tries to link Chinese culture with positive psychology. The paper situates the Chinese culture within the context of positive psychology. It further observes existing similarities and difference between Chinese culture and the new field of psychology. Views on Good Life and Happiness In the western world, happiness means pleasure or satisfaction implying that an individual is gratified through some things. In the Chinese sense, happiness means something different. This suggests that the word happiness is understood within cultural context because meanings and concepts are shaped by traditions. Chinese culture presents a completely different perspective as regards to happiness. Through collective meanings and principles, cultural beliefs penetrate through human subsistence. Human beings are therefore linked to their culture professionally and socially. People come up with conclusions in life based on cultural framework. Ancient Chinese philosophers did not explore the concept of happiness in their studies. Happiness is a new concept in the Chinese culture that traces its roots to the days of civilization. Chinese happiness tends to comprise of material profusion, physical fitness, righteous and peaceful life and relief from death nervousness. The Kings and other rulers made values associated with happiness mandatory for each person in the territory. The works of great scholars influenced Chinese culture and its perception. Confucius talked about Li ritual, which is more valuable than ordinary happiness. The scholar insisted that a good ruler must always be virtuous and grant citizens their rights. According to Confucius, Virtue and ritual enables people to appreciate diversity as a way of life. The Chinese society borrowed from Confucius writings
Innovation is increasingly becoming a fundamental aspect in the development of the modern world. Apart from development of services and products for purposes of improving quality, innovation also involves new business systems, processes and methods of management, all of which present a very significant impact on business productivity and development. As it would be observed, innovation is arguably the most powerful force for transformations and developments in almost every sector of the global economy. For this reason, many developed and developing countries have started to embrace the insurmountable opportunities presented by this upcoming trend to increase and sustain their economies. Today, every organization in the world is experiencing the impact of current global issues such as globalization, technological revolutions, and uncertain weather patterns, among other turbulences. There is no better way we can address these challenges, but through the considerable effort of innovation. This assignment examines the case of Brazil as a country seeking to bring out significant changes in its growing society, through a greater focus on innovation in its organizations and institutions. Brazil is ranked the fifth-largest country globally, with a population rate of about 185 million people. Attempts to foster innovation have been among the major challenges the country continues to face, as a nation striving to get recognition in the global economy (Sennes 46). This dream, however, seems to come true following the country’s recent plans to adopt policies that would boost innovation as a key driving force for regional integration and economical developments. This intervention would see Brazil adopt a number of effective laws and policies targeted on innovation, over the years, as one way of addressing the many challenges facing the global population today. These laws are intended to promote the country’s social and economical developments, through a strategic plan that will take place within a system of innovation. Following is a summary showing the Brazilian laws on innovations and how they affect business development for both local and foreign organizations in the country. The Intellectual Property Law was enacted in the year 1996 to protect the right of original work in the country. This regulation would contribute to increased number of patent in the following years, owing to the regulation of intangible right about ideas. More importantly, this law has continued to play a key role in encouraging innovative practices in the country. In the year 1999, the Brazilian government would introduce ‘the Sectoral Funds for Science & Technology’ to ensure stable financial support and resources to projects stimulating knowledge, as one way of encouraging innovation. Brazil closed the millennium with a proposal of two government entities which placed
Chin portrays a 12-year-old boy who possesses all the possibilities to subjugate and enhance the means of self-hate. This is elucidated at the start of the novel by the notion that Donald Duk hates his name because of being Chinese. Being Chinese American, Duk questions his identity to remain on the American side of the culture. Chin not only mentions throughout his novel that the boy hates his name for being ‘Chinese-American,’ but also the way the dominant white society perceives him in contempt of the ‘original’ American. This is elaborated by the following words Chin writes about Donald, “Donald hates to see his friend pretend to be so nice to Chinese with stupid names like Duk” (Chin, 1997, p. 12). Chin’s honorary departure from the proper name not only depot ambivalent political results but often make him suffer at the hands of scorn and ridicule. While considering himself, a modified version of the Disney character not only challenges the boundaries of American culture, leaving no room for the Chinese American boy. But also indicates the white society’s reluctance to envision this boy in the paradigm of cultural screening. This way, society ratifies Donald Duk and excludes him from seeing in American disguise. Critical evaluation of deformative reiteration suggests that Donald Duk, by turbulent symbolic norms, is in a continuous state of chaos. It is his own psychic stability and state of confusion that is threatened whenever he, as well as other Chinese, avoids him. He is comfortable adopting racial segregation where he himself is detached from the Chinese mainstream popular culture. What Chin wants to evaluate from his novel is the idea of self-rejection and disintegration at the expense of racialized subjectivity. Chin has portrayed Donald as a symbol of psychic self-hatred that demonstrates a lack of racial self-respect, evident from the fact that all his relationships and loved ones are affected by his self-build frustration. Such an attitude elucidates that race and ethnicity have remained a significant issue that enables those requirements that students to learn while seeking new information and insights to which the American experience has not kept pace. Most students like Donald are unable to explain why they consider race as a logically valid concept, especially when they themselves think differently about racial hatred. Such limited access that helps maintain racial hierarchy induces internalized racism, which is evident in Donald’s character, for many students like him are often unaware of the hidden ways in which self-hatred is packaged as normal. The analysis of Donald for being a Chinese American student is uncomfortable for him because of many reasons. One reason is that he is being thought of as a ‘role minority,’ for which he feels frustrated and cheated. The critical aspect of the novel is that Donald resists believing in the Chinese history and truth that is often understood and learned generation after generation. This indicates what Chin has tried to present in the form of popular cul
Sustainable Development “Sustainability is refers to the indefinite use of available natural resources without ever causing depletion of the energy or material sources on which man depends; while, development is the continued improvement of living standards as a result of economic growth” (Dahir, 2010). “Therefore, sustainable development refers to the development that meets the needs of the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Dahir, 2010). There are three main approaches that are used to categorise sustainable development: These include; the economic, ecological; and socio-cultural approaches. Figure 1.0 shows the interrelation between the social, environmental and economic aspects of sustainability and how they bring about a sustainable development. Figure 1.0: “Scheme of Sustainable Development at the confluence of three constituent parts”. Source: – Wikipedia (2006). Economic Approach From this approach, the idea of sustainability is that future living standards should not be prevented from further improvement or maintenance by current decisions. Therefore, the economic systems should allow for transition into the future without depletion of earlier investments and savings. Ecological Approach This approach holds that sustainable development involves ensuring that the following are achieved:   * Genetic diversity is preserved.   * Life support systems and essential ecological processes are maintained.   * Ecosystems and species are utilized in an efficient manner. Socio-cultural Approach This approach characterizes sustainable development in relation to developing and developed countries as a deep and profound change in the following:   * Political, Social, Economic;   * Institutional;   * And technological order. The following are elements that can be used to measure achievement of a sustainable development:   * Living Standards: Access to clean drinking water which promotes healthy living.   * Proper Sanitation: Attributed to good drainage systems, clean latrines and toilets, and efficient waste management practices.   * Improved Infrastructure: The existence of good communication and transport systems helps in promoting tourism and reducing accidents.   * Political Stability: Allows for equitable distribution of resources.   * Population Numbers: There is a controlled growth rate which reduces overexploitation of resources like land, water and forests.   * High Literacy: High levels of literacy improve knowledge and impacts ability to utilize available resources in a sustainable manner. Relevance of Sustainable Development Humans as a Threat Generally, man is considered as the greatest threat to realization of a sustainable environment.   * The rate at which man uses resources is higher than the rate of replacement of such resources (Accor, 2008).   * Globally, there is a heavy dependence