ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction One of the main tasks of financial management is to control the targeted expenditure of financial resources. Of particular importance is the creation of a mechanism for effective cost management, the improvement and planning of the cost system, the search for ways to reduce them, and the achievement of transparency in financial results. In a crisis, this issue is highly relevant when each enterprise develops its anti-crisis measures, for example: reducing the level of production costs, forced vacations, declaring downtime, reducing employees, and more. In addition, one of the conditions for increasing the company’s profitability is the determination of an economically reasonable level of cost in terms of variables and constants, as well as the maintenance of a unified methodological approach to accounting, formation, planning, and analysis of the level of income and expenses. The transportation costs are highly dependent on the current state of three main factors, which are agency costs, usage costs, and community costs. Agency Cost/Operators Facility Costs Capital Costs Capital costs are among the primary factors influencing transportation costs through agency expenditures. Budgeting in a transport company is one of the priority areas of company management and is the leading technology of financial cost planning. Cost management is the main tool in organizing the production activities of any transport company (Okdinawati, Simatupang, & Sunitiyoso, 2017). The costs of the provision of transport services form its capital cost. They are reimbursed in each production cycle from the proceeds received. At constant prices and different fees for the provision of services, under similarly equal conditions, the size of the profit of the transport company and the level of profitability depends. A prerequisite should be the repayment of expenses. The cost of the final service is affected by the loss of acquiring materials, depreciation of fixed assets, labor costs, expansion and modernization of the enterprise, social programs, and many other needs due to the income received from the sale of services and other activities. Moreover, profitability is a prerequisite for the sustainable existence of a transport company. Fixed Facility/Operating Costs Regular operating costs are another key element of agency costs. All actions taken by the management of the company should be carried out with the awareness of the risk they have suffered, in which the accuracy of the calculations is strategic. Making a profit, the transport company has the opportunity to pay for its obligations, expand the list, improve the quality of services provided. Enterprises that are strictly guided by the implemented cost accounting system are profitable and successful in modern market conditions. All operating costs incurred are reflected in the cost of the services provided. The management of the transport company should keep abreast and measure the amount of cost and profit received from the sale of services (Sinha & Labi, 2011). After conducting such a comparative analysis, the picture is clear: either the company chose the right e
Introduction Temperature chamber may be used for numerous aims, as the micro-climatic sets and kits are demanded in various research spheres. Medicine aims involve the creation of incubators for prematurely born children, storing pharmaceuticals or donor organs. Physicists need temperature chambers for creating the required experimental environment, while chemists require them for storing particular chemicals that are too demanding for the storing conditions. Temperature chambers are required even in everyday life for storing products and keeping them fresh. In general, the temperature chamber creation analysis of similar projects, development of creation and projection scheme, as well as performing necessary researches associated with defining the temperature curve, work of the heating or cooling equipment, as well as the controlling electronics and temperature sensors. The aim of this paper is to provide the necessary basics for projecting and creation the temperature chamber associated with programming, calibration, and testing the programmed hardware. Furthermore, after the calibration is done, the project will require performing and analyzing the test stage, aimed at searching for possible mistakes and calculation errors. Additionally, the research results of the team members should be compared, as this comparison will be helpful for finding mistakes. As for the implementation stage, the report is focused on analyzing the results of the research and calibration as well as assessing the technical parameters of the chamber, such as the output channels and their parameters, the front panel of the chamber, for evaluating the comfort of performing the necessary researches, as well as representing the blocking scheme for explaining the key work principles of the project. Report The project is intended for implementation within two days. The research and programming parts of the project research and implementation are intended for 3 hours daily. Hence, 6 hours will be spent on the entire project. Considering the Gantt chart of the project implementation (Appendix A), the 6 stages of the project performance will suffice for creating the simplest automatic temperature chamber. However, the timeframes are taken for the perfect circumstances, when everything is performed in time, and no obstacles are present. Hence, the project scope may involve unexpected moments. Additionally, the possibility of calculation errors is not included when recalculation and recheck will be required. The sequence of the activities required is offered in Appendix B. These are the actions required for proper analysis and check of the results:   * Setting up the program for calibration is required for analyzing the temperature regimes of the chamber achieved, and creation of the required temperature regularity for further including it into the program. Hence, this stage will require the establishment of temperature sensors for the adequate assessment of the temperature regimes.   * Obtaining the results is required for creating the curve and further use of the obtained results in the program.   * Calibrati
Executive summary In the modern world, manufacture and distribution of Mobile phone technology are increasingly becoming a major area of competition. Major manufacturers are attempting to apply their technological prowess to outdo each other in the world mobile phone market. With a prevailing over-competition and market flooding of exporters in the developed world, African nations are increasingly becoming the most potential and promising market for mobile technologies (Rao, 2012). The economies of these nations are further growing by double-digits. Modern studies provide a strong indication that these nations have a brighter economic future. Moreover, the success of mobile banking and money transfer in these nations has shown a strong indication of potentials for massive opportunities for mobile phone corporations involved in investments (Rao, 2012). AfriTech Corporation is a start-up business that seeks to take the advantage of mobile market opportunities in East Africa. The company will primarily be an importer, distributor and wholesaler of Apple iPhone technology in the region. Apple products are widely accepted in various parts of the world. There is no doubt, therefore, that these products, especially the iPhone, have a great demand in Africa. However, there have been few corporations willing to introduce such products in the target region. AfriTech will therefore leverage on these aspects of low competition to build a market niche for Apple Inc’s iPhone. Situational Analysis As a start-up company, AfriTech will initially market its products from its market base in Nairobi, Kenya, but under control from its headquarters in San Jose, California. Currently, the company has furnished its offices, outlets and is involving regional and local partners. The company understands that market is all about recognition of the product’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Understanding the target market and its needs will be a major task in marketing the product. Market summary AfriTech will focus on marketing the products through own outlets in addition to partnerships with local supermarkets, hypermarkets and other retailers. This implies that the role of retailing will largely be left on the hands of the local partners. These retailers are more than willing to be among the first companies to introduce high tech products, but importers are generally lacking. Market demographics The most important features of the target market are a fast growing general population, a fast growing population of middle-class earners, and a fast expanding population of business people, young investors and urban dwellers. Within the three nations targeted, AfriTech anticipates that there is a population of 10 million people joining the upper and middle class as well as the business and service sectors every year. Moreover, a growing nee
Epilogue As a young boy of eleven, Joshua was intrigued by sea travel. He even wanted to pursue a career in shipping. Most preferably, he wanted to become a ship captain. Throughout his school years, the young boy read numerous stories about the wondrous sites, experiences, and regions that had been discovered by many sea voyagers. Every single night, Joshua’s dreams revealed to him most of the wonders associated with the oceans. He could see big creatures, sharks, giant ships, and uninhabited islands in his dreams. The thoughts of the seas continued to fascinate him throughout his childhood and early adulthood. In 1756, Joshua landed a new job. He was to become a messenger for a giant mining firm in Europe. The company mined and exported coal to different parts of North America and Europe. The major transportation systems used during the time included railroads and seaways. This new job as a messenger did not seem to fulfill his childhood dreams. However, he was proud of the job because it gave him the opportunity to interact with more people, learn new ideas, and see the world from different perspectives. On top of that, Joshua’s dream of visiting different foreign lands and exploring the unknown world would come true. Love, Survival, and Cannibalism It was an opportune moment for Joshua when his employer decided to send him on a mission to North America. The purpose of this mission was to visit different clients in North America and gather useful information about their expectations. This information, according to Joshua’s relatives and friends, would be vital towards improving the corporation’s coal production processes. The company would use the acquired information to improve its practices and eventually become a global player in the coal mining industry. However, the most thrilling thing was the fact that Joshua was going to embark on his first sea voyage. He said to himself that the journey would be something to remember. The most astounding fact is that Joshua’s voyage has always been narrated from one generation to the next. The journey started a few minutes before daybreak. The members of the crew began the journey with much hope. The eight men believed strongly that the voyage would be successful. Seven of the crew members were on a routine mission of delivering coal to North America. They knew that the journey would take them several weeks across before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. The ship named Libra had ferried coal to different parts of the globe for over ten years. The ship’s captain was named Jackson. The captain was conversant with the seaway. Members of the crew used to call him “Sweet Jack.” Under his command, the team had always managed to a
The hospitality industry is one of the most crucial industries in France as well as in the whole world. It touches upon the relations between a host and a guest of a city, and the quality of such type of relations in Burgundy, France, deserves a special attention. In fact, Burgundy is a unique combination of space, romance, beauty, traditions, style, simplicity, and wine, of course. When people come to this place, they usually expect to find a piece of comfort, understanding, and pleasure at the same time. Hospitality management (the development and promotion of hotels and restaurants) should be properly organized and improved in accordance with the current progress and tourists’ expectations. Current proposal aims at proving the importance of studying the Burgundian hospitality industry, its hotels and restaurants peculiarities, and the role of people, who are going to work in the city. The Burgundian hospitality industry is attractive for many management workers as it is a good chance to unite tourism, the quality of food, and wine diversity, learn something new almost every day, and follow the traditions that fulfil the region. The Burgundians define their region as the land where wine and food are regarded as an amazing form of art. It is the place, where both, hosts and tourists, honour history and traditions. The investigation of the hospitality industry and top-new and old hotels and restaurants, that make people choose Burgundy as the region to stay for a while, and the evaluation of new achievements and possibilities are in demand all the time. Hospitality management students, as well as other experts in the same sphere, should find the chosen project interesting and important as Burgundy is the French city that will never be boring or not attractive to many tourists. Reference List About Burgundy . Web.
Abstract Background Microorganisms especially bacteria have occupied a top position in the ecological niche in terms of their distribution. They are reported to be present every where and hence they are better regarded as ubiquitous in nature. The growth inducing properties of these special microbes have been a considerable research interest in laboratories since many years. However, it is unknown whether bacteria are perfectly ‘ubiquitous’ and whether available techniques could address the issues related to contamination, maintenance of cultures, and growth of desirous bacteria. Methods A total of three bacteria were included in the study and they are Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. Techniques such as petri plate exposure to air, swab / swab rinse method ,aseptic and non aseptic technique, aseptic inoculation of solid agar media by streak plate technique, serial dilution, isolation of pure culture from mixed population and pour plate and sread plate techniques , colonu enumeration were used to determine the growth parameters that might otherwise reflect the ubiquitous nature of bacteria under study. Results The aseptic techniques have very well contributed to the growth of bacteria. The nutrient agar growth media was found to be well suited to the bacteria. The characteristic features of all bacteria such as size, shape, color, margin and texture were proper to the bacteria. Inoculation of broth, slopes and plates has equally contributed to the growth patterns of repective bacteria. Test tubes with 10 -4 and 10 -5 have contributed to more number of E.coli colonies on spread plate compared to pour plate. Conclusion: Bacteria like B.subtilis, E.coli, K.pneumoniae have become well adapted to the sterile conditions maintained in the laboratory. This has indicated that given a perfect aseptic and growth deermining conditions, there could be luxuriant growth of desirous bacteria.This might also eliminate irrelevant bacteria that could interfere experimental conditions and likely affect the outcome. Hence, bacteria may be considered ubiquitous uness further studies are warranted. Introduction The flora and fauna of the living world are gifted for their distribution. This could range from deep sea to extraterrestrial environment. The visualization of many living creatures was made feasible through the scientific advancements and ever exploring discoverers. However, the miniature sized creatures are more likely to pose a problem as they are invisible to the naked eye. These are nothing but Microorganisms. They were considered to be present every where and due to that nature they were referred to as “Ubiquitous”. For example, a thermophilic bacterium known, Thermus acquaticus lives in hot springs (Dubey and Maheswari, 2000). Similarly, a study has described that E. coli counts were more in stream sediments, followed by bank sediments, sediments along spring margins, stream water, and isolated pools, in forest soils (Muruleedhara et al., 2003). The scientific study of Microorganis
United Arab Emirates is one of the most prosperous countries in the Middle East. The country credits its economic prosperity to its stable political environment. The UAE is the only country in the Middle East that does not have a history of political turmoil. The UAE is an Islamic country. Therefore, the ideals of Islam are the basis of its constitution. Dubai, one of the emirates of the UAE, is the most prosperous emirate of the UAE. The UAE is one of has one of the largest oil reserves in the world. Availability of funds from funds from oil provides the government with vast amounts of money for financing various infrastructural projects. These infrastructural projects help in developing various sectors of the economy. The availability of huge oil reserves guarantees the availability of funds for investments in various infrastructural projects in the future (Shemirani, 2011). The constitution of the UAE permits private, public, and state ownership of property. Everybody should have access to public property. However, the constitution does permit private ownership of certain vital properties. This is because privatization of these properties would make a few people own a majority of vital resources. In addition, privatization of these properties may not lead to fair use of the property. The constitution of the UAE permits privatization of other types of public property. Upon privatization of public property, the new owners of the property should pay tax (Zakat) on the property. The constitution of the UAE ensures that natural resources and other vital properties whose privatization would be difficult remain as property of the state. However, the state may allow private entities to use the properties temporarily. Users of these properties should pay tax to the government. The constitution of the UAE allows private ownership of property. Various laws help in the protection of private property. In the UAE, companies and wealthy individuals should give 2.5% of their income to the Zakat fund. The government uses the Zakat funds to help the poor in the society. There are many similarities between the economic system of the UAE and the Islamic economy. However, the emphasis of the economic system of the UAE is on wealth creation. On the other hand, the emphasis of the Islamic economy is on wealth distribution (Tétreault & Denemark, 2004). This is one of the major differences between the Islamic economy and the economy of modern Islamic countries. The current economic model of the UAE ensures that there are no unfair business practices. Hoarding is one of the unfair business practices that the government prohibits. This is because hoarding create
Aim The first aim of this report was to undertake the isolation, quantification, amplification and analysis of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and biological materials, particularly buccal swabs. Secondly, the experiment aimed at familiarizing the person with the methodologies associated with DNA analysis. Introduction The Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test was complex examination of biological examination, but necessary in legal cases to examine the person’s paternity. It could also help the forensic experts produce the evidence in cases of sexual assault since the DNA has distinct chemical properties to a particular person (Bieber et al., 2006, p. 1315). The unique features of the DNA properties of people make it useful and reliable in forensic investigations. Biomaterials such as semen, bone tissues, blood, and urine are widely used in carrying out forensic investigation on suspected criminals. This is made possible using the latest technological machines such as Nanodrop Spectrophotometer to enhance accuracy and reliability. Method In conducting the DNA test, the practical work follows four significant procedures. First, the forensic expert collected buccal swabs and extracted DNA using a solid phase technique called QIAGEN (Schafer 2008, p. 40). Second, the expert verified the DNA that was extracted and quantified it. Third, the expert carried out the PRC reaction on the collected DNA. Finally, the researcher analyzed the PRC products using gel electrophoresis (Saks & Faigman 2008, p. 150). Practical Schedule 1: Isolation and Amplification of Genomic DNA This was the first stage when carrying out the DNA test on a biological material. Here, the forensic analyst isolated DNA from a number of biological matrices, which for this experiment was buccal swab. Notably, this biological matrix was most commonly used in DNA tests. The process of taking a buccal swab and DNA extraction proceeded in a series of steps as follows.   * Step I: The Omni-swab packaging was opened at the handle end, and the swab carefully removed. Notably, the forensic analyst was not allowed to touch the collection pad of the swab as a precaution measure (Schafer 2008, p. 40).   * Step II: The researcher then held the handle end of the Omni-Swab and scraped the collection pad firmly against the inside of the cheek 6 times, being careful not to eject the tip. This was equally a precaution to avoid pouring the content or mixing them wrongly (Joseph 1989, p. 32).   * Step III: After taking the sample, the researcher ejected the pad into a labelled 1.5 ml micro-centrifuge tube by pressing the handle towards the collection pad.   * Step IV: In this step, 400μl phosphate buffered saline (PBS) wa