ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Positive psychology improves people’s lives by encouraging positive behaviors and thoughts (Donaldson, 2011). It is a branch of psychology that focuses on improving the lives of individuals. Positive Coping is one of the aspects emphasized in the study and practice of positive psychology. Positive coping includes such aspects as positive thinking and optimism. Methods of positive coping include proactive coping, social coping and meaning-focused coping (Donaldson, 2011). Each of these methods improves the social, physical and psychological well-being of individuals in different ways. Research studies have revealed that positive thinking has several benefits that enable individuals to cope with their problems during tough times. Positive thinkers are healthier, more energetic and happier compared to negative thinkers. In addition, the wellbeing of positive thinkers is greater compared to that of negative thinkers. Despite challenges and obstacles encountered in the coping process, individuals achieve positive results that improve their psychological and physiological well-being (Snyder, 2009). Building the most appropriate coping strategies in life is important for healthy living. However, it requires great efforts and struggle. Coping refers to the ability of a person to deal with problems, challenges and tough situations without succumbing to their negative effects (Snyder, 2009). It eases stress and improves emotional, physical and psychological wellbeing (Donaldson, 2011). It is necessary for individuals to learn and practice effective coping skills in order for them to fully understand and deal with life challenges. Without these coping mechanisms, people succumb to stress, which influences all spheres of life. Three main techniques enhance positive coping. They include proactive coping, social coping and meaning-focused coping. Proactive coping involves dealing with a certain situation by anticipating its outcome and preparing in advance (Donaldson, 2011). This reduces worry, which intensifies stress among people. Social coping involves interacting and seeking for social support from other people who have dealt with similar challenges or problems before (Snyder, 2009). Social help is highly valuable because it is based on personal experience. The meaning-focused coping technique involves understanding a stressful event or situation in a way that creates meaning, hence making it a constructive aspect of life (Snyder, 2009). Many people cope positively by managing their thoughts. This is achieved by avoiding negative thoughts and encouraging positive thoughts. Even though managing one’s thoughts is a difficult task, it is a very effective te
Introduction In his tale, “A rose for Emily”, William Faulkner maximizes on the final paragraph to reveal to the audience the theme of his story. As a gothic horror story, the author relies on Emily as the main character to ascertain that mysteries are evident on earth. The author does not prepare the reader for the tragic or horrific end of the story. However, at the end of the story he confirms the mysteries about Emily’s life in terms of her character. The following text expounds the significance of the last paragraph to the reader. The horrific end of the story captivates the audience and subsequently makes the story interesting. Although he uses the aspect of foreshadowing to relate to the tragic end of the story, the final paragraph comes as a shock to the reader. The anxiety together with strange behavior of Emily motivated the people of the town to search her house. Other people only get access to the house after Emily’s death. Using the first narration, Faulkner confirms the mystery about Emily’s behavior when he writes “then we noticed in the second pillow was the indentation of a head” (5), which means Emily was sleeping beside a corpse. The disbelief that Emily had an intimate relationship with a dead person for about forty years propels the reader to want to know more. Through the last paragraph, the reader clearly understands the mystery behind the house and the life of Emily. Consequently, after reading the last paragraph, the reader will understand that the mind is so secretive, and sometimes nobody can account for his or her behavior. Initially, Emily is a vibrant young woman with a bright future. She conducts painting lessons to children while in her house. Unfortunately, the death of her father takes away her happiness. In the last paragraph, the reader understands the secretive life of Emily. Besides killing Homer, she also preserves the body for about forty years. Therefore, her weird behavior categorizes her as a person suffering from psychological imbalance. How could she live with a decayed body for forty years? Apart from the foul smell a rotting body exudes, most people fear corpses. From the last paragraph, the audience will first understand Emily as a mad person mainly because she has guts to sleep with a dead person for over three decades. Only an insane person will live, sleep and have a sexual relationship with a dead body. Secondly, Emily is a murderer and an evil person because she did not only kill Homer but also did not accord him a befitting burial. Emily was against Homer’s decision to leave the house and the only decision to stop him was by poisoning him using arsenic. Could she think of a better way to restrain him? Furthermore, the ability to conceal her actions for over four decades makes the reader understand her as an exceptionally secretive person. As a lonely old woman, she could not confide in anybody. She talked to people like the Sheriffs without making them suspect about her darkness part of life. Furthermore, sh
Introduction Culture and traditions influence interpersonal relationships, a situation that may extensively affect the success or failure of transnational partnerships. The case of Saran as presented in the paper is an excellent illustration of this claim. The paper also presents the course of action for Samir Singh who is planning to partner with Al Zulfi Group. With a clear knowledge concerning different cultures and the way they apply in partnerships, the paper also shows why Saran and other women of her caliber can be effective in Qatar and other parts of the world. Influence of Culture and Tradition on Transnational Partnerships According to Miller et al., culture and traditions influence not only the external aspects of interpersonal relationships such as behavior but also the internal aspects, including emotions (2). For example, in the case of Saran, her understanding of women’s stereotypes enables her to adopt the acceptable ways of behaving. She goes ahead to use these barriers to gain the trust of her clients such as Sheikh Imran bin Khalifa whom she even sets up a meeting. Additionally, rather than allowing the indifference of Sheikh Zohar bin Khalifa to negatively affect her internal relationship, for instance, emotions, Saran adopts a positive way of relating with the Sheikhs by tactfully answering their questions. According to Singh, Saran’s competitiveness in the male-dominated world has been greatly aided by her educational background, product knowledge, and even more importantly, her multicultural experience (Hitch and Mehta 3). These elements have proven to be a fundamental asset in enabling her to deal with intercultural conflicts. In this regard, Saran’s biographical experience and appreciation for intercultural relationships may have played a pertinent role in informing her comprehension of the cultural contact dynamics that unfolded during her meeting with the Sheikhs, an opportunity that enhanced her conduct and interaction (Miller et al. 11). Burholt et al. illustrate the importance of social support frameworks in defining the overall success of transnational partnerships in different workplaces and markets (57). Moreover, cultural and traditional beliefs are essential in shaping social support frameworks and behaviors at an individual level. For instance, certain cultures and traditions in certain societies are used to define the role of each individual based on age, gender, race, and other demographics. Such cultural parameters
Diversity is a concept that is defined variously by various scholars. Some define it as the manner in which life is manifested in society. It is a concept that can be viewed superficially and can be experienced internally. This means that an individual, as well as other people, can feel diversity consciousness. Through people’s outlooks, beliefs, ideas, religions, races, ethnicities, sexual orientations, political opinions, genders, ages, and physical capabilities, diversity is manifested. The cultural differences offer to mean to people’s lives. In other words, culture enriches and sustains life. However, it should be understood that no culture is superior to the other. Some researchers view diversity consciousness as the act of tolerating and incorporating diverse cultural values and groups into the conventional culture. A larger group or a particular individual can hold cultural values (Bucher, 2010). Cultural differences can easily divide society based on certain values. Arnold Mindell came up with a through which human beings could learn to coexist peacefully. Through the theory, individuals in society can be aware of the differences, embrace the differences, and incorporate them into the mainstream culture. The theory is popularly referred to as the Process Work theory. Differences arise among cultures because of primary and secondary processes. Primary processes refer to behaviors that are related to identifying, perceptions, and conventional mores. Secondary processes are different from primary processes because they do not emerge from identity. Moreover, secondary processes suggest that people do not intend to behave in certain ways. Secondary processes are internal and external feelings that disturb an individual’s identity. Through secondary processes, an individual can resolve social problems. Secondary processes serve to strengthen an individual because they are compelling and exciting (Parillo, 2011). On a personal level, groups experience distressing thoughts that encumber their self-images and individualities. For instance, angry feelings serve to reveal the real character of an individual. The angry feelings help an individual to resist some temptations. In the same way, a strong person may give in to the demands of others due to public needs. Through social needs, people form relationships that help them cope with challenges in society. Without relationships, it would be impossible for an individual to interact with other members of society. Moreover, relating with other members of society helps an individual in avoiding isolation. Secondary processes are uncontrolled behaviors, attitudes, and feelings that can be avoided by adopting the tenets of mainstream culture. For instance, an individual mig
Introduction Whilst movies in most cases are taken in as entertainment tools, they are also educative. Moreover, apart from the dramatic aspects of movies, they integrate other aspects touching on different fields of study like psychology, sociology, and political science among other. The movie Easy Rider is one such movie. Easy Rider has more than two bikers traveling from Southwest to Mardi Gras in New Orleans in search of freedom. In addition to its thrilling nature, it touches on some deep aspects of sociology viz. structural functionalism, conflict interactionism, and symbolic interactionism. However, this paper focuses on the structural functionalism aspect of this movie. Structural Functionalism According to Parsons (1961), “structural functionalism implies that social institutions; collectively forming a social structure, function to maintain the harmony of the social whole” (18). In society, there are constituents that work in concert with each other to achieve the nature of society, as it exists. Among these constituents are institutions, customs, traditions, and norms among others. These constituents are cohesive and none can exist in absence of the other. In Easy Rider, structural functionalism comes out clearly, as Wyatt and Bill take their ride to ‘freedom.’ To understand the application of structural functionalism in this movie, it is important to note some of its themes for they give meaning to the movie hence validating the actions that bring about structural functionalism. During the time when this movie was being written, America was grappling with the reality of corruption, violence, bigotry, paranoia, and conformism to some extent. Everyone was crying for freedom; no wonder, Bill and Wyatt set to find this elusive element of humanity. Structural Functionalism in Easy Rider In society, drug abuse and drug trafficking is a biting issue; however, the greatest question remains, how do these drugs come from producers to consumers? The most appropriate answer to this question is structural functionalism. In society, there are structures that facilitate this process and this fact stands out clearly in Easy Rider. Wyatt and Billy smuggles cocaine from Mexico and takes it to Los Angeles. This scene answers the ‘how’ question in the mystery of drug trafficking. Wyatt and Bill form a critical ‘constituent’ in American society in terms of drug trafficking. Well, as noted in the definition of structural functionalism, there has to be intermediaries and consumers of these drugs for the existence of a society stained with drug abuse and drug trafficking. Remember, without these intermediaries, these drugs would not reach the consumers; therefore, there would not be existence of drug abuse in the society. There may be drug trafficking but no drug abuse and this would nullify the validity of structural functionalism. The intermediary in this business is a man (acted by Phil Spector). This man buys the trafficked cocaine from Wyatt and Bill and supplies it in the streets of Los Angeles.
Historical Definition The verb “fight”, used with no object refers to getting involved in violent encounters. In particular, as Yourdictionary.com provides, “fight in this sense involves the exchange of blows or the use of weapons in fighting against an enemy” (def. 1). For example:  1. The two boys were fighting;  2. College students fought with the police;  3. The United States fought against Osama bin Laden. “Fight” also refers to the act of “opposing threats”, “struggling against” dangerous objects, or making resistance when being attacked by someone or a dangerous animal (“Fight” def. 3), as presented in the Oxford Dictionary . “Fought” and “fighting” is intransitive forms of the verb “fight” “Fight”, can also refer to the process of attacking someone with the aim of causing harm to them. The words: “beat”, “fight” and “attack” can be used interchangeably (Fortescue 91). For example:  1. Attack A goes to B, plus A starts to FIGHT B;  2. Beat A causes B to Acknowledge defeat. Consequently, English speakers can attempt to decompose “fight” and acknowledge “defeat” in a similar manner. In this context, “fight” means “striking repeatedly” plus “trying to harm/kill/ and rendering defenselessly”. The word “fight” can only be further decomposed when the context is given. For instance, a fight can be used to refer to the combat between animals, gladiators, boxers, modern mechanized armies, etc (Fortescue 91). Negative definition The negative definition of “fight” refers to an attack aimed at causing harm to the opponent. On the contrary, a positive definition refers to the achievement of success through ethical means. There is a relationship between “fight” and “defeat”. The purpose of fighting is the “defeat” of one’s opponent. “Fight” also refers to the process of gaining something by struggle. For instance, a football team can fight their way to the top of the league table. Fight in this sense would, therefore, not refer to attacking an opponent for the purpose of harming them. “Fight” can be used positively; a person can struggle to succeed in life. The word “fight” does not, therefore, refers to harming other people. It can also refer to ethical and credible means of achieving success. For instance “he fought for the price” (Fortescue 91). When used as a noun, “fight” means a battle, a physical struggle, or combat. In addition, “fight” when used as a noun may also refer to a quarrel, a contest, or a struggle. For instance, “Tom and Jane quarreled” can have the same meaning as “Tom and Jane fought”. “Fight” and “quarrel” can be used interchangeably, however, in some instances “quarrel” may not involve the use of force, and speech can be used when people are quarreling ( Collinsdictionary.com , def. 4). Cultural Definition The usage of the word in language use depends upon the context. Thus, the word “fight” has numerous definitions according to the context in which it is used. For example, “Malcolm X dedicated his life to fighting racism”. In this context, “fight” means “struggling to overcome an unpleasant situation in the society, with or without the use of force. In addition, “fight” also means to “eliminate” and “to preve
Abstract Access to safe water for a healthy life is a major requirement for people in the world today. Water faces contamination from various sources of both microbial and chemical origin. Chemical contaminants include both metallic and non-metallic sources as well as organic and inorganic. Water is also contaminated by oil spills, sewage as well as wastes for industries and factories. Such contamination affects human life by causing various diseases that include nervous systems infections and cancers. Reducing impact of chemical contaminants can be done using methods that are either chemical or mechanical. It is recommended that some methods of water disinfection should be used carefully. Treatment of water is imperative before consumption to ensure that the water is safe for drinking. Introduction Water safety for health is a key concern for all people in the world. One of the major requirements for a healthy life is an adequate supply of safe water for human consumption. Nonetheless, waterborne diseases remain a major cause of death globally and the most affected are children. There are chemicals as well as biological sources of contamination in water. Microbial organisms including bacteria and fungi are the main biological causes of contamination in water while chemical contaminants include both metallic and non-metallic compounds that may be radioactive or not. This report pays particular attention to the chemical contaminants, their sources, effects on health and the potential remedy that can improve the safety of water thus improving health for both humans and animals. Background Definitions World Health Organization (2012), defines health as ‘a state of complete mental, physical, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. Thus, a healthy being is expected to be of sound mind, physically fit and socially approvable. Although chemicals may contaminate water to unhealthy levels, the same chemicals if available in the right quantity are essential in human bodies. Thus for water to be said to be of good quality ecologically, the Maximum Concentration Level must not be surpassed (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). The article indicates that Maximum Concentration Level (MCL) are concentrations of contaminants in water such that if the concentrations go beyond that limit, then the adverse effects that may result pose a risk that cannot be accepted. Thus for water to be termed as safe, the MCL
Marketing Strategies 1. To increase the current occupancy rate for week days by 10% and for weekend by 15% within the next year by marketing the 5 star qualities of the accommodations facilities. The hotel will renovate and expensively furnish all the luxury suites in the hotel to deliver an expensive taste. It will provide a golf course and a state of the art spa in exclusive setting ideal for romance and parties. The hotel will train its staff to give them the capacity to deal with emerging customer requirements by anticipating them and providing them in an efficient and professional manner. The aim will be to create a W hotel experience that will make customers return to the hotel again. 2. To facilitate smooth arrivals from the Airport and essential facilities for executive business travelers. The hotels will provide a dedicated 24 hours chauffeured transport shuttle service from the airport to the hotel. The chauffeured service will be available to guests who request the service in advance when booking. The drivers will deliver the guests to the front desk where they shall be received and directed to their luxury suites. The hotel will install high-speed wireless internet which will be available 24 hours a day with advanced conferencing and group calling features. 3. Target Markets. The W hotels will target luxury travelers from all over the world who want the very best money can buy. This is a market segment that is not concerned with the price but rather with the quality of the service and products. It will offer exclusive services to create an individual experience to the guests which will enable them to jet in and relax for a few days with a guaranteed experience to remember. The business travelers will be the next target. High speed internet and state of the art conference rooms equipped with video calling and group calling features will be available for the
Introduction The number of people infected with influenza increases every year. The state of Illinois has reported over a thousand cases this winter season alone (Illinois Department of Public Health, 2018). The seriousness of the issue is aggravated by the fact that not only adults but also children suffer severely from flu outbreaks. Therefore, it is necessary to take serious measures to initiate policies to decrease the flu outbreak in Illinois for 2029. Position of Novelty The best of the available options for addressing the problem of influenza outbreaks is vaccination (Rubinstein, Marcu, Yardley, & Michie, 2015; Suwantarat & Apisarnthanarak, 2015). By choosing this approach, the state will decrease the number of infected people, reduce the levels of hospital admissions, and lower death rates. Vaccination requires significant preparation and may seem like a large financial burden but in the long run, it is more cost-effective. Therefore, the article by Jit, Newall, and Beutels (2013) in which the authors analyze vaccination strategies and their cost-effectiveness is a significant contribution to the development of the policy aimed at decreasing flu outbreak. Critique the Merits Jit et al. (2013) suggest a thorough analysis of the challenges that appear in the process of assessing the cost-effectiveness of vaccination. Not only do they estimate the epidemiological burden of the illness but they also analyze the economic burden of vaccination, as well as the impact of the vaccine on the population. The authors support their arguments with an extensive review of the literature and detailed analysis. Jit et al. (2013) outline as many as seven challenges to the cost-effectiveness of vaccination. Another merit of the article is that its authors define the possible limitations of their suggestions and provide a list of potential further recommendations to be analyzed. The authors’ support of vaccination as an effective method of eliminating the spread of influenza is supported by other credible sources such as the article by Rainwater-Lovett, Chun, and Lessler (2014) in which pharmaceutical interventions are discussed. Recommendations Taking into consideration the severity of influenza outbreaks and the need to manage them with an effective policy, the study by Jit et al. (2013) may be regarded as a significant contribution to this management process. However, even though vaccination is a highly productive method of preventing influenza, it is necessary to check its cost-effectiveness (Jackson & Nelson, 2013). Also, policymakers should perform regular surveillance of the disease to predict epidemics.