ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The development of the film industry took an interesting turn after the 1950 especially regarding the development of the female character due to the changes in life style and the way women viewed themselves. The empowered feminine character started appearing in film noir, genre of crime thriller films heavily laden with seduction and erotic undertones (Muller 2006). She played an active role in both the development of the genre and the development of the storylines and the plot. As such many movies producers started focusing on the female character and developed her to fit as one of, if not the key character in film noir. Thus, femme fatale (the fatal woman) was born and would dominate films and stage plays for decades. Femme fatale has been an interesting study by film and literature critics who have come up with interesting views regarding this phenomenal character. Doane (1991) in her criticism of this character explains that even though femme fatale is seen as a literary image in films, she is an important figure of the representation of truth. She is a symbol of the real woman and their place in the society, whose real self is revealed through the sexual image, which portrays the differences between men and women. Doane further explains that she is the “representation of the antithesis of the maternal” (1991 p 2). This means that she symbolizes a woman who cannot reproduce either biologically or socially. Film site (2011) adds that this character was a manipulative figure capable of making vulnerable male character compromise greats of odds. She was a vengeful and sadistic anti heroine whose life always ended up in tragedy. One of the greatest criticism of femme fatalism “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema” by Mulvey Laura has come under intense criticism from the film critics and the author herself. Mulvey (1976) uses Freud’s psychoanalytical approach in describing the role of femme fatale charades in film noir. The society is such that it is structured in a patriarchal manner: the male is all powerful while the female is an image of male sexual fantasies. The fatal woman is thus an object that for both the satisfaction of the male character in he film as well as the male audience. The films “Out of the Past” and “Gilda” give the reader an opportunity to weight myulveys assumptions about femme fatale. Mulveys argument hold a lot of truth about the nature of the femme fatale and her roles in the development of the film industry, while the criticism by the author herself and other film critics has added useful insights into the subject. Slide share (2011) explains that Mulvey is the originator of the idea o
“Innocent till proven guilty” is a principle by which the current United States justice system operates in criminal trials. However, for Darryl Howard, innocence came with hardships associated with injustice and racial bias that prevented him from getting a fair trial in his case. In his talk with the Innocence Project, Howard discussed his life from the perspective of an unfairly convicted man and underlined the significant role that race and skin color play in the sentencing of people and how such sentences can ruin one’s life for a long. On March 21, 1995, Darryl Howard was sentenced to eighty years in prison by the state of North Carolina for capital murder. Serving twenty-four years in prison, he was exonerated on September 2, 2016, with the help of DNA testing. Throughout the sentencing, conviction, and decades serving in prison, especially since his arrest took place a year after the crime for which he was charged had occurred. The problem with his conviction was that no physical evidence that would kind Howard to the crime was found; moreover, there were contradictory testimonies of witnesses. The role of the Innocence Project in exonerating Howard was instrumental as the professionals involved in the case managed to reveal important information that contributed to the unfair sentencing of the individual. For instance, they found that Durham police had received an anonymous tip that the murders of young women also involved rape and occurred because their mother owed money to drug dealers. This information was nowhere to be found in public records, which meant that the department intentionally hid it. With the help of the post-conviction DNA test, the Innocence Project managed to exclude Howard from the pool of suspects and questioned the integrity of investigators that failed to consider rape as the aspect of the crime. In his talk, Howard thanked the Innocence Project organization for the work that they had done in getting him out of prison. He acknowledged the possibility of a racially biased prosecutor, judge, and the jury contributing to the sentencing because of their convictions. He emphasized that white defendants were often treated differently and with greater leniency, especially in cases when the courtroom is predominantly white. Racial disparities in the US criminal justice system are an issue that has been acknowledged even by such highly-regarded organizations as the United Nations. This has occurred due to the perceived differentiation of the justice system into two different categories, one of
Communication and information technology have changed gradually over time and are now incorporated virtually into people’s daily lives. Cyberterrorism can be defined as critical disruption caused by Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure to promote the attackers’ underlying religious, social, or political issues. Assailants may prefer this kind of terrorism because it saves time and allows them to stay anonymous to their subjects. Cyberterrorism can be carried out by a single individual or more than two who have a plan that they want to accomplish. Various aspects can be analyzed concerning cyberterrorism, competing factors, and possible course of actions in corporations to show that cyberterrorism is a legitimate option for the expression of grievances by terrorists. One of the reasons why cyberterrorism is a legitimate option for terrorist and insurgent groups is that they can reach a vast number of targets at a given time. A cyber-attack can target computer networks in institutions, individuals, or a particular government. As long as the attackers can find a niche in any network, they can exploit the target. Since all computer systems and infrastructures running large agencies are highly complicated, it is impossible to mitigate all weaknesses (Ibrahim et al., 2017). Hence, many terrorists may take this impossibility to their advantage. Another reason cyberterrorism can be legitimate is because of its anonymous nature. Like any other internet platform, such as Facebook and Twitter, terrorists could use alias or screen names to hide their identities from the world. This approach can make it hard for security agencies to track down the culprits. Lastly, cyberterrorism can be a legitimate way to present their views since the risk of mortality is shallow. Legitimacy in this scenario can be determined since killings are not guaranteed, whereby only data is held as leverage by the terrorist until they get what they are demanding. Competing factions in the contemporary world can also be evaluated to determine how they can impact cyberterrorism. Typically, they involve various groups which contend to gain power or money. Advanced technology in the modern world has also made it easier for parties to access data illegally in organizations (Jarvis et al., 2016). Artificial intelligence has increased the risk of data loss in firms since many people have developed hacking schemes. In most cases, the competing factions in the current society involve three basic outbreak strategies. Many parties term the attack on the firm’s gateways as the easiest of the cyber-attacks and the outbreak on the corporation’s core operating systems as the most sophisticated kind of occurrence. The culprit’s level of investment and technology determines the spasm level to indulge in, as every spell strategy requires different skills (Gross et al., 2017). The most uncomplicated spell strategy is violence on the business’
Introduction Successful organizations are always highly focused and have profound understanding of their customers’ needs, the competitive environment, and economic realities. This can be attained through implementation of high performance work practices and effective management of the workforce (Pfeffer, 1998). According to Schein, one important aspect of successful organization is organizational culture, which is defined as a set of unique values or beliefs shared by members in an organization (Schein, 2004, p.12). Alternatively, organizational culture is also defined as a system of shared meaning in an organization (Dwevedi, 1995, p.9). Organizational culture has some key components including shared values, norms, expectations and assumptions (Fong & Kwok, 2009). Managers have much influence on creation, maintaining and transmission of organizational culture; role modeling, teaching and coaching are some mechanisms through which leaders can embed culture (Holbeche, 2005, p.46). Generally, there are several types of culture that can be exhibited in an organizations i.e. power c
The Ocean Beauty Center has been a low-cost, one-stop-shop for couples in Silicon Valley who require high-quality beauty products and services. The company’s products and services, such as wedding gowns, rings, accessories, shoes, and others for both selling and renting, had been performing well in the past. In fact, the business was running on a full-time basis with five full-time employees since we had many customers making orders. The current marketing strategy of differentiating the business from current bridal salons by offering unique customized products and services to customers has seen a decline in the number of customers, despite the improvement in services. In fact, the number of customers visiting the saloon has decreased by 10% despite the improved customized services with very minimal changes in prices. At present, we are in a crisis since we cannot churn the numbers despite having invested heavily in the differentiation strategies. Many customers complain of long queues and the inability to meet deadlines. Despite the quality of our services, many customers are complaining the some of the customized products do not meet their tastes. In addition, there are several complaints in the customer feedback site about the inability of the business to add a special touch to fit the lifestyle of each segment or category of customers. We need to draw turnaround strategies to move the business forward urgently. We need to create a competitive advantage through quality products, service, and pricing by offering a wide range of wedding gowns and other accessories to match different tastes of our customers as opposed to just offering customized services. In addition, we could introduce products for rental to customers who cannot afford to buy customized products at our center. This would ensure that customers spend within their means and afford the best gowns and accessories at reasonably low prices. Several current bridal shops have less competitive prices and, therefore, lockout young potential customers. In addition, bridal salons require exceptional customer experiences, which I believe the Ocean Beauty Center should provide. As mentioned previously, the Ocean Beauty Center should be packaged as a one-stop-shop solution for all wedding affairs by ensuring that customers will get all relevant solutions at the Salon. We may also need to differentiate the Ocean Beauty Center through excellent customer service. This will be possible through meeting deadlines as scheduled by hiring additionally trained consultants when the demand increases to ensure that customers requiring services are served in a timely manner. This will ensure that no customer will experience delays at the Ocean Beauty Center.
Admittedly, there is quite a specific division between people. Even the modern globalized world is still divided into insiders and outsiders. Some researchers claim that ethnic nationalism is one of the major reasons for conflicts. For instance, Huntington (1993) and Leiken (2005) point out that ethnic nationalism has led to international conflicts in many cases. However, Mueller (2000) argues that international conflicts as well as any other conflicts have little to do with ethnic nationalism as these conflicts are usually based on economic issues. It is necessary to note that the history of numerous conflicts can be a good confirmation of Mueller’s (2000) ideas. Notably, many conflicts are associated with ethnic nationalism. For instance, Huntington (1993) stresses that the world is divided into civilizations. According to the researcher, the civilizations are groups of people united by religious and/or cultural beliefs. The researcher points out that future conflicts will occur “along the cultural fault lines separating these civilizations from one another” (Huntington 1993, 25). The researcher also notes that the conflicts are inevitable in the contemporary globalized world as people witness the differences between the cultures. Leiken (2005) also states that Western society is threatened by other groups (e.g. Muslims). The researcher provides parallels between future conflicts and existing conflicts based on ethnic nationalism. The author focuses on the case of van Gogh slaying. The researcher notes that the Muslim, Mohammed Bouyeri, killed the famous Dutch (Leiken, 2005). The researcher mentions that many Muslim immigrants in the Western world can be a potential threat. Of course, Leiken (2005) also mentions 9/11 attacks which are also regarded as purely ethnic-based. However, it is necessary to take a closer look at the very nature of conflicts. Mueller (2000) argues that it is impossible to assume that the entire nation can attack another nation. The researcher emphasizes that any conflict is initiated by a small group of people who pursue specific non-ethnic-based goals (Mueller 2000, 42). Mueller (2000) suggests that various groups of people employ some ethnic and cultural differences to justify some kind of violence. It is possible to find illustration of this assumption. Mueller (2000) focuses on the conflicts in Rwanda and former Yugoslavia. The researcher provides facts that confirm that the conflicts were stirred up by small groups who wanted to gain power. The researcher also states that these conflicts often lead to enrichment of some groups. At that, the researcher stresses that these groups recruit “common, opportunistic, sadistic, and often distinctly nonideological marauders” (Mueller 2000, 43). Of course, these
Understanding of Learning Theory The knowledge and understanding of learning theories provide educators with the opportunity to become more efficient and make their work more effective. They reveal the way the processes of teaching and learning happen, which allows professionals to choose the best plan of action. Learning theories define the purpose of these processes and provide the guideline for the educator that helps one to set a range of goals and achieve them. They explain to the teacher how one can meet the learning needs of students and gives a chance to see how the information is absorbed by the learner. Except for that, they can help the educator to build appropriate relations with the class. Learning theories show the teacher how one can act and what styles use so that the professional can choose one and act in the described manner. Thus, the improvement of learning can be seen as a positive result of such knowledge ( Instructional technology , 2012). Each learning theory provides away the educator can design instructions for the students. In other words, understanding of learning theory allows the professional to design instructions focusing on particular characteristics that coincide with the way the learning process is held. In the framework of objectivist theories, instructions are seen as particular directives targeted at the students. They are used to pass knowledge or, in some cases, skill to the learners. Morrison (2014) underlines that the efficient instruction “is sequential, linear, standardized”. Except for that, the educator is to take into consideration that here students should already have some skills that will allow them to work further. One can use such assignments as multiple-choice tests or essays. According to constructivist theories, cooperation in experiential contexts is needed for effective learning. Learners are mainly encouraged to use problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Connectivist theory presupposes disorganized open learning where students are independent. Thus, evaluating the learning situation, the educator will be able to choose an appropriate instructional method that will help to reach the goal of the learning process. Inst
The way people are taught and how the information is presented, is one of the key methods in bettering the learning process. Not only the teacher has to be interested in the material taught but also, the students must feel included in the process. Teaching is not a simple transference of information; it is an interaction between the student and the teacher which facilitates better understanding and further involvement in the quest for knowledge. Balanced Literacy Institute and Teacher Cadre offer a great opportunity to increase the skills needed in the teaching profession. The institute offers a differential setting and environment with flexible organization and techniques. It provides structure and enables to focus on the necessary skills of each person but at the same time, it offers a flexible and diverse approach that is geared towards a better student-teacher interaction. The learning space is very important in the responsiveness and encouragement of learning and trying of new techniques, so routine is replaced with unpredictable, yet organized learning. The innovative technology is used to the advantage of everyone, combining learning with self-discovery and interest in more knowledge and information. The focus on language and curriculum delivery makes communication more effective, helping to establish the direction of study, as well as better understanding of the areas that need improvement. The fact that the instructional plans can be customized enables higher retention and comprehension of the presented material. Another important and beneficial point of the training is that the material is selected with a unique under
Introduction The endocrine system is an essential component of our bodies’ regulation mechanisms. Endocrine system incorporates hormones together with the organs secreting them. The oozing of melatonin occurs in the pineal glands, housed within the brain. The hormone aids in preserving of the circadian rhythm; this often dictates when we sleep and arise (Donald 24). The pineal is a miniature gland in the endocrine system in the brain of significant fraction of vertebrates. The production of melatonin occurs majorly at night. Conversely, its production reduces throughout the day. Several factors affect melatonin making. These integrate jet lag and poor vision. Melatonin occurs in several foodstuffs including “grains, fresh vegetables, meat, and fruits” (Buchman 16). The hormone is a serotonin derivative. Melatonin is high in children as evident by the extended sleeping traits. The sleeping problems witnessed in older people indicate the reduced levels of melatonin (Buchman 16). Despite the limited researches executed on this claim, it is believable that melatonin levels drop with age; nevertheless, concrete results from ongoing researches still needs publication. Benefits of Melatonin Melatonin supplements can be administered to persons suffering from sleeplessness so that their circadian cadence can get back to normal or improve. This is proven clinically with patients and populace traveling across numerous continents. The hormone reduces the jet lag as evident by the reduced time one needs to fall a sleep (Billy et al. 40). The establishment of this claim is still in the process. Nonetheless, preliminary results from research indicate the probabilities. Another benefit is that the addition of melatonin in ointments could play a very big role in averting and safeguarding the skin from sunburns. This is evident from an exploration propagated by the “University of California” (Billy et al. 40). A group of young women was studied for a period of two years to establish the effects of melatonin on their menstrual cycle. It emerged that melatonin plays a central task in determining when a person begins to menstruate, frequency of the cycles, and it termination (Michaels & Madeline 20). Concurrently, the prevailing researches focus mainly in determining whether melatonin can reduce the ageing phenomenon. The issue of ageing has been contentious for centuries and researchers having trying to elucidate the causes and possible remedies despite its predictability. Nonetheless, clinical research is at its inception stages. Additionally, melatonin can play an extensive role in alleviating stress-related insomnia whereby patients suffering from strain retort to administration of melatonin as a clinical remedy. Side effects of melatonin Women with reduced levels of the hormone are remarkably susceptible to breast cancer than those with normal melatonin levels. Current laboratory research shows that low levels of