ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pico Iyer was a well accomplished young writer when he wrote this book. His artistic work was well appreciated when he wrote the book entitled “Video Night in Kathmandu” in the year 1988. The setting of this book is Japan and hence, it analyzes the Japanese culture from a foreigner’s point of view. Iyer was inspired to write this book when he encountered the dynamic Japanese culture in Narita while he was waiting for a connecting flight. Iyer witnessed a completely different scenario from what he expected to be a modern Japanese culture. He was impressed with the way the traditional Japanese cultural practices were westernized and at the same time preserved. He shares his thoughts on how the Japanese people are still devoted to their traditional practices even though their lifestyles are full of modernity (Iyer 2). Iyer was intrigued by the Japanese society. Therefore, he decided to come back to Japan and have the first person encounter of the dynamic Japanese culture. The book The Lady and The Monk published in the year 1991 attempts to describe his encounters while in the foreign land of Japan. Iyer begins his stay in Japan by visiting the Kyoto monastery where he studies Buddhism. While in Kyoto, he meets Sachiko. The latter is a housewife who is impressed by the western culture. They become great friends and end up sharing a lot of information about the differences that exist between their cultures and how their cultures are also related. Through Sachiko, Iyer learns a lot about the Japanese culture. His interactions with the locals are also impressive. The language barrier does not affect his conduct at all. In fact, most of the people he encounters are very welcoming to him due to his respectful and humble nature. For instance, when he is planning to leave the temple after staying for one week, the monk pleads with him to extend his stay. The monk acknowledges him as a very respectful foreigner he has never met. Even though he describes himself as a simple person who prefers living alone especially in a foreign country, his character attracts multitude of people as revealed in this book (Iyer 7). This offers him various opportunities to learn Japanese culture from diverse perspectives with different individuals. Sachiko was one of the closest friends that Iyer made in Japan. She was married to a husband who used to work for more than 14 hours per day. She had two children and her roles were basically to take care of the husband and the children. Sachiko and Iyer had very different lifestyles. For instance, Iyer had never stayed in one place for a long time. He had been travelling around the world. On the other hand, Sachiko had never left Japan. Most of her time was spent in the house taking
The types of climate zones The U.S. is a vast country and is home to almost every type of climate zones. The four types of climate zones generally are polar, temperate, tropical climates, and deserts (Rohli and Vega 180). All of their subtypes can be spotted in the U.S.: from arctic and subarctic in Alaska to tropical in the Hawaiian Islands, California, and Florida. In general, the majority of the territory belongs to a temperate (continental) climate, humid in the east and dry in the west, with hot summers and cold winters. The tropical climate can be seen in Florida and Hawaii, the warmest regions of the U.S., winters here are warm, and summers are scorching. The desert climate is in Arizona and eastern California where the Death Valley and the Grand Canyon can be found as examples. The polar climate zone with freezing winters and cool summers is influencing the nature of the Northern Interior, Great Lakes, and New England. There are other climate subtypes such as Mediterranean (South Florida), temperate oceanic (Pacific Northwest). Atmospheric currents One of the fundamental factors determining the climate in the United States is the presence of atmospheric currents, which carry air masses and moisture from the North Pacific Ocean on the continent. The moist Pacific cyclones abundantly irrigate the northwestern coast of the country with rain or snow (Rohli and Vega 185). As for the southern regions of the U.S., in California, precipitation mainly falls in the fall and winter, so summer is dry and hot there. A barrier arises in the form of the Pacific mountains and the Rocky Mountains on the way the air masses move inland. Because of this, the region of the Intermontane Plateau and the western part of the Great Plains is almost always dry. Also, the climate of the United States of America is greatly influenced by the warm tropical air currents coming here from the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. Work Cited Rohli, Robert V., and Anthony J. Vega. Climatology . Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2017.
United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and World Health Organization (WHO) agencies focus on international cooperation prevention, and reduction of Covid-19 effects. Both organizations ensure coordination advances across the countries in strengthening healthcare systems. They provide relief funds to the countries to promote measures that suppress virus transmission (WHO, 2021 and Biden, 2021). Consequently, the organizations contribute to preparedness and response by supporting vaccine readiness in the nations and ensuring the distribution activities. USAID and WHO work together to provide services such as health and food donations across the world. The organizations mainly focus on protecting healthcare workers and the encompassing facilities through personal protective equipment and other necessary materials. While the USAID agency depends primarily on the United States funding for the response to Covid-19, WHO receives donations globally, including agencies, organizations, governments, and individuals. At the same time, USAID represents the United States in the international fight against covid-19 (Biden, 2021). In the progression, USAID works with WHO as a global entity to combat the covid-19 pandemic. USAID analyzes and responds to issues regarding the Americans and nations on a small scale. WHO organizers on the other hand visit numerous countries during the pandemic, evaluates the reports, and guides the citizens on the mitigation measures regarding the spread and reduction of disease transmission (WHO, 2021). WHO reserves funds for the training and additional knowledge to the healthcare practitioners as a preventive measure. In a similar situation, USAID supports the funding and preventive measures through vaccine purchase and distribution to frontline workers, anti-risk populations, and vulnerable communities. The USAID and WHO organizations ensure the response to the pandemic impacts on families, the provision of emergence relief funds, and food donations. Families also benefit from the equitable healthcare delivery of vaccinations and protective materials. Reports indicate that more than 4.7 million persons have received food donations from USAID worldwide (Biden, 2021). The organizational response also impacts the youth and young adults through the education aspect. The pandemic resulted in the closure of schools disrupting the le
Introduction The world has become extremely complicated. This leads to the establishment of various businesses and organisations that do not directly deal with the buying and selling of goods and services. Instead, they offer auxiliary services like insurance, banking, warehousing, transport, communication and advertising. Insurance is one of the largest investments in the world, accounting for more than thirty per cent of the global money circulation. This is possible due to the increase in the number of inevitable business risks. This discussion explores how Lloyd’s manages the performance of its syndicates and its claims management structure and procedure. Management of the Company’s Syndicates Lloyd’s Company started three hundred years ago by shipowners. They organised meetings at Edward Lloyd’s coffee store with people who had disposable capital. They met and planned to ensure their marine businesses. Lloyd’s has developed to offer a market for insurers against risks (Howard, 2008). It is not an insurance company, but a market that offers underwriters, the market for their capital. Moreover, it offers space for brokers and clients who want to access insurance services. Syndicate refers to a group of people (underwriters) who pool their resources to safeguard various investors against risks. Lloyd’s Company boasts of a large, unique capital layout that provides reliable security (financial) to its clients. The syndicate’s managers set central and members’ capital to obtain funds that will guarantee members safety on their investments (Taylor 2005). According to the structure of this company, funds are available in three levels known as links. The first and second links hold funds in forms of trusts. These are meant to benefit policyholders that have contracts with the company through agents and brokers. Every member is responsible for underwriting his or her account, and their liability does not extend to other members. All mutual assets held by Lloyd’s Corporations are available in the third link and get approvals from Lloyds Council. In addition, the syndicate receives premiums from policyholders (Howard 2008). These are available in its trust funds (premiums) which are usually in liquid assets to pay policyholders who claim compensations against risks. The syndicate ensures policyholders are aware of looming liabilities and subsequently make adequate provisions for them before releasing profits. Moreover, syndicates are responsible for collecting funds in forms of capital from policyholders. These funds support membership or corporate underwriting in the company. The syndicates then submit an ICA (Individual Capital Assessment) that outlines basic capital to cover the risks under its jurisdiction. Underwriting is a key role played by the
Generally, the “right to work” policy is defined as a regulation allowing employees to join labor unions at will. It is not mandatory for an employee to join any union as a condition to get or hold a particular job. Unions are created to negotiate with employers on issues such as pays, preeminence, working conditions, welfares, and benefits related to work (Vargas 164). In most cases, employers do not become part of the union. This policy makes it unlawful for employees and employers to negotiate an agreement demanding everybody (benefiting from a union agreement) to pay any charges for administration. However, this policy does not force any individual to be part of the union. Currently, the federal law already provides an assurance that no individual should be obliged to join any union, or to pay any charges or subscriptions to a political or social organizations they do not advocate for. Actually, right to work policy lets some employees to get the benefits of a union agreement such as fortification against haphazard discipline, higher salaries and other compensation benefits without having to pay any charges related to negotiation on these issues. There continues to be lots of debate on the advantages and disadvantages of the policy. In this research paper, both the major arguments for and against the use of this policy is presented. In addition, an honest opinion about right to work policy is also described at the end of the paper. Right to work policy implies that an employee cannot get dismissed from his or her job for failure to pay union charges or agency fees even if they continue to enjoy the benefits of the union’s aptitude to collective bargaining. The proponents of this policy cite several advantages. First, right to work policy provides more in-state job opportunities for younger employees. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, between 2000 and 2011, there has been a growth of approximately 11.3% in the number of individuals, whose ages range between 25 to 34 years (staying in the states) that have adopted right to work policy. Conversely, states that have not embraced this policy reported an increase of only 0.6 % over the same period. This indicates that younger employees are settling in these states because they find more opportunities there than in non-right to work states. This could be attributed by several advantages that this policy offers to an employer. For instance, a right to work policy offers an increased suppleness to institute wages as well as compensation levels since the corporation is not mandated to use the compensation levels as fixed in a collective bargaining contract. This implies that employers have freedom of managing their company without any external interference thereby increasing the opportunities for business activities (Holley 53) Another advantage of right to work policy is that there is an increase in wages. The data obtained from Bureau of Economic Analysis and Bureau of Labor Statistics indicate that inflation-attuned worker compensation of the private sector in states that have adopted right to wor
Researching of Panic Disorder Panic disorder is one of the mental turmoils that affects humans regardless of the faith an individual professes. The Bible encourages believers not to be worried about anything, but rather approach every circumstance with prayers and appeals to God ( King James Bible , 1769/2017, Philippians 4:6). Despite the scriptures giving Christians hope through submitting all their problems to His Almighty God, sometimes humans get overwhelmed by their troubles and situations in life, and therefore panic disorder study is important. Summary of Research Article The article examines various previous researches with the aim of comparing outcomes of logical and physiological remedies for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), and panic disorder. The online catalogs which were used for the study include PubMed and Embase, among others. The authors outline several outcome mechanisms that quantify general measures of consternation and, most importantly, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) tool is mentioned. Lastly, the paper concludes that the effects of BAI were remarkably greater on panic disorder, and there was no notable difference between SAD and GAD (Cuijpers et al., 2016). Cuijpers et al. (2016) conclude that “panic disorder therapies may produce better results than ministrations of GAD and SAD” (p. 86). Therefore, the variation betwixt the results on hysterical disorder on the one hand and GAD and SAD, on the other hand, remained noteworthy after regulation of baseline power.
Nervous tissue Structure and functions One of the main classes of vertebrate tissues is the nervous tissue. It is the main component of the nervous system. Nervous tissue comprise of neurons and neuralgia which are the support cells. Human brain contain a number of neuron around one hundred billion in number. Neurons are classified into three categories based on their functions. The categories mainly include, motor, sensory and interneurons. Sensory neurons facilitate in transmission of impulses from sensory organs to the central nervous system. On the other hand, motor neurons transfer impulses from the central nervous system to the intended organ in the body. Interneuron is a linkage between the sensory neurons and the motor..Neuralgias are supportive and defensive constitution of the nervous tissue. They are found in groups and surround the neurons. In case of damage, they are capable of regenerating. They supply the neurons with nutrients and offer them immunity (Sandhyarani para. 1-5). Glial cells are responsible for development of myelin sheath and preservation of homeostasis in the neurons. Structure and functions of muscular tissue Muscular tissue is divided into three groups which include cardiac muscle tissue, smooth muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. Functioning of the tissues basically depends on their type and location in the body. Skeletal muscle is also referred to as striated due to it containing dark and light bands that are observable through the help of a microscope. A unit skeletal muscle cell is cylindrical in shape and long. The cells contain numerous nuclei positioned at their peripheries. Skeletal
Entering the “soul” as the result of the internal bodily environment and the external social environment emotions have to pass through a certain pathway inside human body, and the limbic brain can be considered the main part of this pathway. The limbic brain can be evaluated as a meeting place for impulses form outward reality and the agents within our brain evaluating the received information which are mainly located in prefrontal cortex and subcortical areas. Ben-Ze’ev’s approach generates philosophical and psychological points of view on the emotion related matters, and makes his conclusions as to the features of particular emotions and the mechanism of their formation as a response to the world surrounding every peculiar individual. Such emotions as joy, anger, passion, wrath, fright, and fear originate in the limbic brain as a result of reaction of an individual on surrounding environment and then they are sensed within our “souls” according to Ben-Ze’ev (2000). Speaking about the mechanism of emotion formation and intromission into our “souls”, the definition of emotion should be provided, first of all. According to Ben-Ze’ev, “emotions are highly complex and subtle phenomena whose explanation requires careful and systematic analysis of their multiple characteristics and components” (2000, p. 3). Emotions are explained by Ben-Ze’ev as “a complex phenomenon describable on different levels, for example, physiological, biological, psychological, sociological, or philosophical. On the psychological level, an emotion consists of feeling, cognition, evaluation, and motivation” (8). Ben-Ze’ev explains the concept of emotion as a heterogeneous and contrasted category. There exist a few levels of emotion formation. The main one of them is a psychological level consisting of the somatic and autonomic activities of the nervous system along with endocrine developments within human body. Physiological characteristics of this level include heart rate, blood pressure, the flow of adrenaline, blood circulation, muscular tension, respiration, the activity of digestive apparatus and gastrointestinal organs, bodily temperature, skin coloring and secretions. All these parameters are directed by the limb
Introduction At the present day, the majority of students chose work while going to college, they take a part-time job and attend classes, or they chose a full-time occupation during the summer. Some students have a financial necessity to find work before graduation, while others are ready to sacrifice their free time, entertainment, and communication with group mates to provide themselves with a comfortable living and become adaptable, responsible, and mature. Like any activity, working while going to college has positive and negative effects on young people. The purpose of this essay is to examine the reasons that encourage students to work while studying and the impact of working during college. Reasons for Working During College Working during college has its reasons and may be highly beneficial. Although a significant number of students are frequently apprehensive about applying for a part-time or even full-time job during college, this possibility may be taken into consideration. However, a student should thoroughly evaluate his or her strengths, flexibility, and potential necessity of working. One of the most substantial reasons to work while going to college is the ability to earn money. A working student may independently pay for his or her classes, reduce the amount of money that was borrowed for education, or have the ability to afford a comfortable living. In particular cases, when companies offer students the benefits of a full-time job for the execution of part-time work, young people may start their retirement savings while they are still studying. Another reason for working while going to college is the improvement of personal and professional skills. Even if a taken part-time job is not connected with obtainable education and future profession, it will inevitably require time management and decision-making skills, or the ability to build understanding with a large number of diverse people. In general, working during college is a positive personal life experience, students may try various kinds of activities, test their abilities, or get acquainted and apparently form a friendship with a great number of people. Positive Effects of Working During College Working while going to college has a substantial nu
Introduction In the current economic environment, one of the crucial challenges is the fact that not all of the implications of accounting accruals and financial reporting are understood by stakeholders of the financial market. According to Beneish and Vargus, there is strong evidence that even the auditors can occasionally misinterpret the implications of pricing accruals and other elements that can lead to the incidence of accrual mispricing, as well as substantially lower the quality of financial accruals (756). For that reason, it is important to analyze and evaluate all the implications of earnings persistence and valuation, which would help to improve not only the quality of financial accruals but also identify better the underpinning economic factors that lead to the incidence of earnings management in the first place. In order to do that Beneish and Vargus offer a number of tests aimed at revealing the association between the income-increasing accruals and earnings persistence associated with the cases of insider buying, accruals mispricing, and other cases of the earnings management. Hypothesis The pricing tests suggested by Beneish and Vargus are to unveil the correlation between the accruals mispricing as the result of the earnings management with the income-increasing accruals (757). Secondly, it is also important to point out that one of the objectives of the test is to identify the associating between the appearance of the income-increasing accruals and the insider sales, particularly, if “income-increasing accruals appear to be overpriced when managers engage in abnormal selling and rationally priced when managers engage in abnormal buying” (Beneish and Vargus 757). Also, it is important to analyze the incentives why all the market participants treat such financial accruals as if they revealed the earnings of high quality. In addition, Beneish and Vargus suggest that there is also a linkage between insider trading and the benefits and advantages that the executives and other insider participants have in knowing the company’s current performance during a fiscal year. However, on one hand, such actions can be considered a part of the managers’ earnings management activities if they are intended at liquidity rebalancing. Meanwhile, on the other hand, the disclosure of income-increasing accruals, as well as proper audit of the company’s portfolio can be a means to diminish th