ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a result of malignant growths that develop from the epithelial cells lining the lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract such as the colon, rectum, and appendix. This kind of cancer is generated from mutation of the Wnt-APC-beta-catinin pathway whereby, the APC gene acts as a “brake” to the Wnt signaling pathway. The APC gene produces the APC protein which is the main “brake” to the beta-catenin therefore in the case of colorectal cancer the APC gene is mutated hence also the APC protein is mutated thus triggering the beta-catenin to enter the nucleus of the epithelial cell-activating a gene in the DNA that leads to production to proteins involuntarily. Cancer is credited with being the fifth most lethal category of cancer in North America and the third leading killer in terms of cancers in the western world (Dudley-Brown, S., & Freivogel, 2009). Cancer begins with a transmutation to the Wnt signaling pathway. An assessment on the rate at which the disease is prevalent has come up with results that can be termed as interesting as the disease is widespread despite the common notion that it is rare among most people. The disease has in some instances been found to be contracted through hereditary means. About twenty percent of cases have been contracted through genetic transmission and the rest is through other means. Detection of the disease is through regular.ar screening by official nurses specialized in doing so. Case Study As espoused by a study conducted by Frreivegel and Duddley, CRC assessment intake tools are measured and a report handed on how it is significant to hold a regular screening. The number of individuals found to have been at risk is found to be high as summarized in their report. A risk assessment screening is found to have been a good solution to the ever-rising killer. The report covers in detail a sample population from several gastroenterology centers across North America. The centers were picked out due to their different ages and backgrounds. The researchers utilized a technique referred to as blind sapling as the subjects are complex to direct biases in such a type of experiment (Dudley-Brown, S., & Freivogel, 2009). Another factor that was of concern is the ethical consideration that encompasses the autonomous nature of human subjects as the sample of individuals were free to rights such as privacy and equal treatment. An illustration of data captured by researchers on the experiment included the
Introduction The term child growth and development refers to the occurrence of both the biological and psychological changes in human beings right from conception to the end of adolescence as the individual moves from independency to the increasing autonomy. These developmental changes may occur due to the processes that are genetically-controlled. These changes are known as maturation, or learning and environmental factors, but this involves interaction between the two. Patterson, C. (2008) According to Kail (2006), he says that the age related term are; the newborn that are the age of zero to one month, the infant who are the age of one month to one year, the toddler who are at the age of one year to three years, the preschooler- the age of four to six years, school aged children that are at the age of six to eleven years and the adolescent that occurs at the age of eleven to eighteen years. The optimal child development is vital to society hence most important to understand the child’s development in the line of social, emotional educational and cognitive. Body The changes in specific abilities both in Physical and mental for instance walking and language understanding that mark the ending of one period of development and the beginning of the other are called the milestones. For the theories of stage, they indicate transitional stage. However, milestone achievements have got considerable variations even to the children who have developmental trajectories just within the normal range. Some are more variable than the other; for instance, not much variation amongst children who have got normal hearing are shown by receptive indicators, but the milestone of expressive speech can be quite variable. Patterson, C (2008) Developmental delay in the child development is the common concern. This involves the delaying in an age-specific ability for the milestone that is very important in development. This developmental delay is supposed to be diagnosed by comparing with variable characteristics of a milestone and with age at achievement. Eye-hand consideration is an example of the milestone that involves the Childs increasing ability to be able to manipulate objects in a more coordinated manner. This age specific milestone allows parents to keep track of development that is appropriate to the child. Moreover, there are changes that are continuous and there are no noticeable milestones. These are called the continuous developmental changes. They involve the gradual and predictable move towards the adult characteristics. When the development changes are continuous, the researcher does not only identify the developmental milestone but also looks at age period – often called stages. The stage therefore is a period of time. It is associated with the chronological range, of which the behavior or rather the physical characteristic is quantitati
Executive Summary Siemens remains one of the most profitable organizations and reputable brands in the world today. In 2007, this German corporation reported profits of around 2.7 billion US dollars. During the same period, Klaus Kleinfield, the organization’s chief executive officer (CEO), was not sure how he would manage the affairs at the company and whether he would continue being the leader. At the time, Siemens was being investigated for bribery and business malpractices that had taken place several years earlier. The preliminary investigations revealed that the company had paid large sums of money to different government officials and companies to maximize sales. The case identifies the two-tier system of corporate governance as the weakest link or causal factor for the recorded challenges. The model practiced in Germany is comprised of both a supervisory and management board. The members of such boards made crucial decisions and engaged in determinations that had the potential to influence the company’s organizational performance. The emerging question was how and who was to take responsibility for the events recorded at this giant corporation. Introduction Siemens remains one of the most successful corporations in Germany and across the globe. Currently, it operates and delivers products in a number of areas, including power, medical and lighting, information and communication systems, and transportation. Many customers identify Siemens as a successful corporation that delivers high-quality and advanced products to different clients. Over the years, Kleinfeld has been focusing on the best goals, initiatives, and activities that can help Siemens achieve its business targets. By 2005, he had presented a mantra that focused on the most important dictums that could drive organizational performance. These included customer focus, global competitiveness, and innovation. However, the ineffectiveness of the promoted double-layered corporate governance structure created room for poor decision-making and subsequent cases of bribery and corruption. This case study digs deeper into these corporate governance issues and provides evidence-based recommendations that can help turn things around. Problem Identification The presented case identifies Siemens as s successful corporation that has fallen into trouble due to a corporate governance structure that is characterized by these two boards: supervisory and management. This two-tier arrangement continues to remain common in the German setting and allows companies to
One of the most important components of economic education can be considered business education, a special place in which is occupied by MBA programs. Today the holder of an MBA degree from a prestigious business school is a welcome employee in almost any private or state company working in the civilized world. Formerly, any MBA holder could consider that the issue of employment in the best companies with a good salary and high social status is guaranteed. Today, unfortunately, this is not the case, as not every MBA program allows to be confident about the future. Now, this degree should have an important addition in the form of the name of the business school where this degree was received. (“Why a Top MBA?,” 2009) In the light of the aforementioned, this paper discusses the criteria that distinguish the top MBA programs in the country along with their correspondence with business needs and expectations. The ratings are an important factor during the process of selecting the business school and the education programs. The criteria of ratings are numerous and, in that sense, unique in their own way based on the institution that formed the ratings. The general evaluations are based on several common characteristics that can distinguish a top MBA program. Part of important characteristics are related to the income and employment, where the rating is looking at “the amount of money a typical graduate of a top MBA program can make” (“Top MBA Program,” 2008) and factors related o career advancement, employment competitive edge and etc. According to US News rankings of MBA schools, a ranking that is considered “the best ranking for prospective MBA applicants, as their system is the most transparent, and their rankings always come closest to peoples’ common sense perception of relative prestige. “(“Why a Top MBA?,” 2009) The rankings methodology constitutes other factors than the salary after graduation. Part of the evaluation is devoted to factors such as recruiters’ assessment and peers’ assessment. Other areas are related to undergraduate scores such as mean GMAT score, the
Clinical trials remain a critical ethical issue as the shared data is highly confidential yet required to be gathered for medicine and healthcare industries development. I agree with you that modern nurses’ strategy to ensure their patients about the processes, materials, concerns, and advantages of participating is beneficial. The approach eliminates the risk of information abuse and addresses clients’ ethical rights. Policies of storing the data also changed in today’s clinical trials management and raised new concerns regarding the records (Demirsoy et al., 2021). Indeed, you stated that “technology and systems can have intended and unintended effects, there is a need to regulate access to this information responsibly,” and ethical aspects influenced. Consequently, the alternative perspective can be applied in clinical trials is machine learning for selecting and securing data stored. Technological development allows the research outcomes and samples’ personal information to be automatically analyzed and registered. Char et al. (2020) state that “ethical evaluations of machine learning algorithms implemented will need to structure the overall problem of evaluating these technologies, especially for a diverse group of stakeholders” (p. 8). Aside from the research, I have experience working on complicated computing systems: in my facility, a technical support professional implemented the algorithm that uses machine learning to detect sensitive data and timely encrypt it. The benefit of such a system is that no individuals access the clinical trials’ data to sort and encrypt it. This s
In this essay we are going to look at Richard’s, Sean’s and Graeme’s work and compare their ideas on present arguments about the urban context of the bush legend. The three historians project good views on the issue. According to Richard the legend came about, due to a similar concept in Britain and America, their musicians, artists and literary were trying to get there identity through their pasts and their history. He moves that the search through history brought about or associated by growth of urban middle class or in other words bourgeoisie. He also portrayed it was Australians city dwellers image of the bush as a sunlit landscape of faded blue hills, cloudless skies and noble gum trees, peopled by idealized shearers and drovers. This concept was also shared by Graeme who also stated that the poet worked in a ‘dingy little office’ in a ‘dusty dirty city’ and he on permanent vacation, rode with the ‘western drovers’, sharing the ‘pleasures that the townsfolk never know. This showed that he appreciated the niceties bush environment had to offer, the space and fresh air in part of the dusty cramped up town life. The sunlit land scape perception on the bush is also raised in another angle; this is through the eyes of artists or bohemians. In portraying this perception in the lives of urban Australians, the legend quickly crept in the urban Australia. The Australians learnt to identify themselves with the bush legend and it started building up as their national culture. This created a unique conception of Australians amongst themselves, a different one than that seen or brought about by the Britons and the Americans. Due to this new innovation, the Australians began to foolish and alienate the conception and images of the British on the old Australian culture. They condemned the European images as biased and blurred and brought in a belief that only the new Australian image could be clear, pure and true. The bush legend or in other words the new image inevitably moved into the perception of the Europeans, this was ironically placed, as this was not the image they brought to Australia. The image got trapped within the European intellectual social environment in which there lives worked. The Australians also projected on to their image of the bush their alienation from the urban environment; this is shown by Richard in his literature. The new group of people within the
Introduction Employees are the most valuable asset of each and every organization. The wellbeing of the employees has a direct relationship with their level of productivity. Employees who have managed to achieve all the elements of wellness are more productive (Wilkinson, 2005). There are five elements of wellness namely, physical wellness, career wellness, social wellness, community wellness and financial wellness. Every employee needs to achieve all the elements of wellness. Physical wellness is the most challenging to achieve since it relates to the health of the employee. The challenge is attributed to the costs involved in treating the sick employee or preventing the occurrence of diseases among employees (Wilkinson, 2005). Besides, the employers or organizations suffer huge losses on a daily basis in the form of lost productivity when their employees fall sick (Wilkinson, 2005). Thus managing the cost of preventing diseases and treating sick employees has become a major concern to employers and the government. Health insurance plans have been used as one of the most effective strategies for controlling expenses associated with treating and preventing diseases. This paper analyzes Construct IT in terms of the health insurance needs of its employees. Company Profile Construct IT is an industry-led consultancy organization in the construction industry (Construct IT, 2010). The organization was founded in 1994 in the UK to provide consultancy services to various stakeholders in the construction industry. Construct IT is a non-profit organization that facilitates networking in the industry by collaborating with representatives from various organizations and professionals in the construction industry (Construct IT, 2010). The organization aims at improving the industry’s performance by encouraging innovative application of IT as well as research and development. The organization’s main activities includes promoting research, facilitating networking, value and benefits study, benchmarking best practice and managing projects. The members of the organization are representatives from various firms in the construction industry. Representatives from various Universities and higher learning institutions are also members. However, the members are not employees of the organization. This means that their physical wellness is the responsibility of the companies that employ them. Construct IT is run by a team of 15 employees. Out of the 15 employees, 13 are members of the management board (Construct IT, 2010). The remaining two serve in the positions of administrative support and webmaster. The staffs are employed on contracts that are renewable. 8 of the employees are male while the remaining 5 are female. The employees fall in the age bracket of between 30 to 55 years with an annual income of at least $ 60,000. The employees are stationed in different parts of UK and Europe. They travel regularly in order to meet the clients and member of the organization (Construct IT, 2010). The staff membe
Electronic monitoring in the workplace is a tendency whose rates have been steadily growing over the last decade due to the rapid increase in the use of technology in organizations (Heathfield, 2016). Electronic monitoring in the workplace can be employed for a variety of reasons such as the prevention of activities unrelated to work (for example, browsing the Web and using social networks), the improvement of data security, and the monitoring of inappropriate behaviors. In the given workplace under analysis, this strategy is used for the purpose of assessing and evaluating the quality of work of the call center employees. As beneficial as this technology can be for the employers and the performance managers, it can cause dissatisfaction among the workers and lead to a series of concerns. In particular, regardless of the type of electronic monitoring employed (software or hardware, video, image, or audio), the workers who are under surveillance are likely to experience discomfort and express privacy concerns. I would expect the employees to feel limited in the workplace monitored electronically and afraid that their privacy is invaded. Therefore, ethics is a critical aspect of electronic monitoring. In that way, in order to address the concerns of the employees, the managers need to approach the introduction of the monitoring practice thoughtfully. The organization may address the workers’ concerns providing full disclosure of the fact that they are being monitored and explaining why this needs to happen and what kind of data is collected via the surveillance (Workplace monitoring: Is it ethical and legal? 2014). In addition, the written policies need to be in place, establishing the rules under which the surveillance will be implemented and which aspects of work it will target. Monitoring should not be secret and requires the employees’ full awareness and consent to be an ethical practice. Moreover, the employees could be engaged in the decision-making process and communicate their concerns and suggestions as to the monitoring practice so that it is the least invasive (Workplace monitoring: Is it ethical and legal? 2014). Finally, the organization and the managers need to remember that the ethical side of electronic monitoring is one of its key aspects that will determine its success, as well as the workers’ compliance. Performance Management Measures and Success Factors Since the employees under evaluation are the call center workers, their success factors and performance measures would include different aspects of communication with the customers, and the other types of work they do on a daily basis. Some of the most important performance measures would be the abandonment rate (representing the average number of callers who hang up without finishing the call as per a certain period), handle time (the average amount of time it takes one worker to solve the problems of the customers), after call work (the average time it takes an employee to complete the additional tasks after the call is finished), s
Epigenetics entails heritable alteration in gene expression, which does not affect the fundamental DNA sequence. It simply depicts an alteration in phenotype but without a similar alteration in genotype. Environment and other external factors are responsible for such changes, and they influence cell recognition of genes. Epigenetics changes are not regarded as mutations. The essay shows the relationship between epigenetics and the effects of the Holocaust. As such, researchers have focused on understanding the effects of traumatic experiences, such as the Holocaust on individuals. To understand epigenetic mechanisms, a series of tests involving DNA methylation is performed to determine cell-specific gene-expression patterns and potential inheritance across cell generations (Yehuda et al. 00652-6). Tests are most likely to identify existing changes of DNA and the proteins related to DNA, which are responsible for the structure of the DNA and the availability of other elements related to the DNA. No alterations are observed in the DNA sequence. From a literal point of view, epigenetics depicts regulations above normal levels of genetic mechanisms. DNA methylation is the most widespread form of epigenetics. Further studies have led to new forms of epigenetics, including chromatin remodeling and histone changes. Conversely, DNA sequencing involves denaturing, annealing, and extending while gel electrophoresis can be applied to determine the shape of the DNA. Yehuda et al. (00652-6) investigated genetic modifications associated with the trauma experienced by Holocaust survivors. The study focused on the engagement of epigenetic processes in the intergenerational transmission of stress consequences in humans. Thirty-two Holocaust survivors took part in the study where cytosine methylation was measured (Yehuda et al. 00652-6). A linking protein, 5 (FKBP5) gene encoded for FK506 was the focus of the study to determine the association with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. It was established that the FKBP5 methylation gene had Holocaust exposure in several polyadenylation sites, associated with the higher genetic alteration. It was observed that methylation rates among exposed subjects and their children were fundamentally associated and, therefore, depicted higher genetic alteration in polyadenylation sites. Further, the gene was found to be transmitted to the descendants (Yehuda et al. 00652-6). The results of the study were also compared with the results obtained from the control group of Jewish families who did not experience the Holocaust. Children of Holocaust survivors have been known to “possess enhanced chances of stress disorders” (Thomson 1). It was noted that gene alterations in the offspring of Holocaust survivors could only be linked to “Holocaust exposure among their parents” (Thomson 1). The study the researchers were therefore the clearest demonstration in individuals of ho