ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Greco-Roman world can be defined as the geographical area around the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. It is referred to as Greco-Roman because of the language, culture, religion and government influence of the Greeks and Romans. Sexual attraction between people, erotic experiences, and responses are all forms of human sexuality. Human sexuality affects the culture, philosophy and politics of a society. Religion, morals and ethics in any society influence human sexuality. All these factors and the social norms influenced sexuality in Greco-Roman world. Greco-Roman Sexuality In Greco-Roman world sexuality had an impact on individuals, government and public institutions. An individual’s social rank set by a government official, determined his/her sexual activity. Therefore, sexual misbehavior in Greco-Roman world was punishable by law. Michel Foucault (1988), a sexuality theorist, thought that “sex was governed by restraint and the art of managing sexual pleasure” (p.239). A male person in the Roman society should be a leader and strong to protect himself and the weak ones in society. The male also had to govern his sexuality. The man in Greco-Roman world was strong and had a strong will power while the woman had to be humble, beautiful, with self control. The differences in social ranks affected the spread of knowledge in sexuality among men and women of Greco-Roman world. Upper class women were the only ones who got education opportunities because of the demands of society. The education helped them to maintain the standard of their families and improve their social character. On the other hand, the men had the opportunity to be sexually informed through education. The people from the lower ranks in society expressed their ideas about sexuality through art. However, the rich or upper class people dictated the artists on what to draw, or design because they were the only ones who could afford to buy the art pieces. The Greek-Roman culture and religion viewed sexuality as a means to prosperity and growth. They used practices such as religious beliefs and magic to improve their sexual capabilities. Erotic experiences were extremely essential to the ancient Greeks, hence, they had to improve their performance by any means possible (Foucault 157). In the Greco-Roman world, prostitution was acceptable. Men could use prostitutes for their sexual pleasure in exchange for money or special gifts and favors. There was public practice of prostitution without any interference from the state. The availability of slaves, male and female prostitutes made prostitution grow rapidly in Greek and Roman societies. The visual art materials made by the lower class people mainly had pornographic themes. The rich would buy these pornographic pictures and paintings to add them to their art collections which would be displayed in their living rooms. Therefore, the Greco-Roman world widely used pornography (Dover 6). Same sex relations in Greco-Roman world Ancient Greek society regarded the same sex attraction as a natural occurrence. Adult males would be sexually attracted to young
According to Dorata (2012), the positive and negative impacts of mergers and acquisitions largely depend on the performance of the firms that engage in the consolidation process. In other words, if the respective firms are weak in terms of market performance, it is highly likely that consolidation may find it cumbersome to excel. Successful takeovers are mainly witnessed among firms that have already demonstrated positive growth index in the marketplace. The study carried out in the research article by Dorata (2012) investigated a number of growth parameters that may either impede or promote mergers and acquisitions. Policy-held companies from the US were evaluated in terms of effects of mergers and acquisitions after the companies had been fully consolidated. The main purpose of the study was to assess the significance of stakeholders in regards to the impacts of mergers and acquisitions. The research findings indicated that the strengths and weaknesses of corporate mergers are remarkably influenced by stakeholders during mergers and acquisitions. In yet another independent study by Shim (2011), the United States’ property-liability insurance organizations were investigated in terms of the effects and relationships between mergers and acquisitions. The fifteen-year study that ran from 1989 to 2004 concluded that the performance of mergers is largely affected by earnings volatility, Z-score as well as return on equity and assets. Earnings volatility is reduced by the financial performance of the acquirer. Frictional expenses are also expected to escalate after the process of a merger or acquisition. In other terms, post-merger integration has proven to be a costly affair among most entrepreneurs in America. On the other hand, Bouraoui and Li (2014) are emphatic that capital structures are adjusted after mergers and acquisitions. This form of adjustment might interfere with the overall performance and profitability of parent companies. The study was carried out among 850 US companies. The findings indicated that negative performance was recorded among the firms surveyed in the empirical study. The latter was mainly occasioned by changes in leverage. In addition, the post-merger performance of the acquirer was found to improve owing to financial flexibility. From the above findings, it is clearly evident that parent firms hardly remain the same after mergers and acquisitions. However, the aspect of performance among American firms that have been consolidated should be investigated further. Dorata (2012) emphasizes that the individual financial performance of the firms being acquired or merged determines the overall impact of the consolidation process. Nonetheless, management systems and leadership structures of consolidated firms are often changed in order to conform to the new business outfit. Hence, the is
Introduction Attraction Description Incorporating the elements of the entertainment and tourism industries, museums may have lost their power as sites of public attraction, yet the recent resurgence in art enhanced by the emergence of innovative technology as a method of expression may turn the tides. Therefore, creating a museum attraction as the means of spa
Methodology has been described by Collis and Hussey (2007, p.78) as an approach used in research to organize and plan the general approach in which the research goals and questions are addressed. In addition, different tasks are carried to ensure that the research is successful since the findings and analysis depend heavily on the methodology applied. In other words, methodology is the core of a research. According to Goddard and Melville (2001, p.1), research methodology as a process helps in answering researcher’s unanswered questions and creating which that did not exist in the first place. In respect to the research study, different research variables which include risk analysis theory shall be applied. To achieve the research aim and objectives, qualitative research method and exploratory research design will be used. The collected data is relevant and related to risk assessment in e-learning in Saudi Arabia universities. The research approach A well defined research approach plays an integral role in making a research richer in content by following a logical and stepwise framework for the collection of data. According to Gliner and Morgan (2000), there are two research approaches which are commonly, namely inductive and deductive approaches. The research will use deductive research approach because of its applicability in collecting a large volume of data which was required for the research. In addition, compared to the inductive approach, deductive research approach is more supportive to the collection of more authentic data. In course of the research, the researcher shall move from general points to more specific points. For instance, the concept of e-learning will be discussed followed by its impacts on students learning, followed by discussion on the impact of risk analysis on e-learning programs by universities in Saudi Arabia. This will ensure that the goals of the research were achieved throughout the research process. The deductive research approach is appropriate and authentic as it reduces vagueness and bias in the research findings and conclusions. The research method Because of the nature of the research, the researcher will adopt qualitative research method. This is because a qualitative research method allows a researcher to understand a particular social phenomenon and discover the most innermost meaning (Pratt 2006; Newman & Benz 2006). In reference to the research study, qualitative research method will be used to understand perspectives, views, and meaning of major interest of members of the Ministry of Higher Education in the National Center for E-Learning and Distance Learning Saudi Arabia. This will allow the researcher to get in-depth information and data relative to the subject under study. In addition, it will be possible to get at personal level with the participants since interview which is a qualitative data collection method will be used. From the perspective of the participants, it will be possible for the researcher to understand the situation
Abstract According to the existing definition, a concept paper is a short summary of major research ( NCU template PhD Degree concept paper , 2013). The concept paper in question will provide information on the Four Concepts and their applicability. Introduction Often overlooked, the introduction of a concept paper includes a great chunk of essential information, which defines the course of the entire work in a number of ways. For example, the introduction to the given paper specifically will incorporate the problem itself, as well as the premises for its development and the key factors that have predisposed its emergence, and the key purpose of the study. The research questions, which the given study hinges on, will also be outlined. Finally, several hypotheses will be provided in order to outline the possible outcomes of the study. At the end of the introduction section, the key terms will be listed together with their definitions; among these terms, the definitions of the four worldviews and the related terminology will be provided. Theoretical Framework Seeing how a dissertation must have a theoretical foil to be based on, it will be required to incorporate at least one theoretical framework to support the research (Buros Institute of Mental Measurements, 2013). However, in the light of the fact that four theories of a worldview are the very focus of the paper, it will be reasonable to talk about four theories making the bulk of the research. Literature Review Another crucial part of a concept paper, the review of the literature used in the process of paper writing must be carried out ( Doctoral Candidacy Resource Guide (DCRG), 2013). In the given section, the overview of the most credible sources providing the information on the Four Worldviews will be provided. It is imperative that the study should be based on peer-reviewed academic sources; to prove the credibility of the works used for the paper on the Four Worldviews, each of the sources will be assessed in terms of their reliability, novelty and significance for the research. Research Methods The description of major tools used for the research is another integral part of a concept paper. Once defining the methods with the help of which a study will be conducted, one will be able to attain impressive results ( Social research methods, 2014). Specifically for the given concept paper, such techniques as data analysis will be used in order to draw parallels between the Four Concepts, i.e., positivism, constructivism, advocacy framework, and pragmatism. It can be assumed that at a certain point of the research, the need to resort to coding will emerge so that the results of the study could be represented in the form of a grounded theory.
Introduction Volkswagen is a global auto manufacturing company. The firm was founded in 1937. It has its headquarters in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. It has grown exponentially, managing to survive through tough challenges, such as World War II. The company has engaged in product line expansion to increase its market share and value. One of the initiatives is the establishment of a Volkswagen subsidiary in Brazil (Nelson 45). The factors of production proved suitable for the business as they were bound to maximize the profits. The cost of production in Brazil is lower compared to Germany. Brazil also provided a large market for the products, making it suitable for exportation in the South American region (Chambolle and Chiron 20). The subsidiary was started on March 23 rd , 1953. It was set up in a warehouse in Rua do Manifesto, Sao Paulo. Due to increased sales, an assembly plant was built in Brazil. The aim was to make the subsidiary South America’s export base (Nelson 4). In 1986, overcapacity and the crippling Brazil economy led to a 20% drop in the domestic automotive industry. It led to a decline in domestic sales. For instance, between 1997 and 2003, there was a drop in units sold from 580,000 to 280,000. The company further faced stiff competition from other market firms. The competitors included General Motors, Ford, and Fiat. Exports were also negatively affected as the Brazilian currency strengthened against the US dollar. The company suffered losses for eight years from 1999. The development prompted the management to come up with strategies to revamp the company. Thomas Schmall was appointed as the CEO to lead the firm and reverse its financial losses and a decline in market share (Kaplan and Pinho 4). In this paper, the author looks into a case study of how the driving strategy and the balanced scorecard put in place by Thomas Schmall affected the performance of Volkswagen in Brazil (VWB). The strategies were aimed at reviving the firm. Challenges faced by Thomas Schmall Thomas Schmall had vast experience in the Volkswagen Group. He had held various managerial posts prior to his VWB appointment. One of his memorable achievements was the formulation of new procedures that informed how managers interacted with production lines at Wolfsburg. However, this was a different challenge. He was taking over a company that had recorded financial and market losses in eight consecutive years. The challenges led to low corporate morale. There were also cost-cutting measures and downsizing of the workforce. The threat to close down VWB was imminent, especially among the employees (Kaplan and Pinho 5). The introduction of the driving strategy and the balanced scorecard also posed a challenge as it involved restr
Abstract Tatweer played a major role in the economic development of the United Arab Emirates. All principalities and local governments under the emirates control and influence cannot afford Tatweer’s demise. Tatweer brought in a great deal of economic activity to the UAE through the construction of theme parks, high-end residential building, and corporate offices. Aside from its effective and cutting-edge business strategies, Tatweer’s secret to its success was Saeed al Muntafiq, the firm’s charismatic CEO. In the first quarter of 2016 when projected income did not come into fruition, there were talks about authorizing a massive layoff eliminating various positions from office workers to high-level sales agents. The CEO threatened to resign if Tatweer’s Board of Directors authorised the said move. Be that as it may, the failure to act decisively in order to reduce the firm’s overhead cost caused the filing of bankruptcies for other rival firms. On the other hand, it was during Muntafiq’s leadership that brought in billions of dollars in revenue for Tatweer. His resignation surely affected the performance of the company and its ability to attract investors. Termination Point: Tatweer on the Verge of a Massive Layoff The Organization: Overview of Tatweer Tatweer was one of the largest real estate companies within the United Arab Emirates. In order to understand the importance of the company in the region’s economic development, it was important to point out that the firm earned the right to build the world’s tallest tower, and was charged to construct it in the middle of Dubai. In addition, Tatweer scored a major victory 4 years ago when it was awarded the right to build a project worth USD$90 billion. The said project was dubbed Dubai Oasis. In the said project, Tatweer spearheaded a group of construction firms that worked together in the creation of Dubai’s Healthcare City. In addition, numerous residential towers, residential dwellings, and corporate towers emerged out of the desert sands due to the technical and management expertise of the engineers and planners under the employ of Tatweer. The company was viewed as a critical player in the government’s desire to transform the UAE. The firm’s capability to work alongside government representatives and allies made it easier for local leaders to work with Tatweer. Thus, this perception of reliability and high-quality service ensured the steady flow of projects for the company. In fact, Tatweer was entrusted to build theme parks in partnership with multinational firms that brought into fruition projects like Lego Land and Universal Studios. It has been made clear that Tatweer was instrumental not only in bringing in millions of tourist into Dubai but also the creation of a real estate development phenomenon that attr
Throughout its existence, the United States’ educational system has been closely connected with legal practices. This connection is understandable from the point of view of the breadth of the spread of the legal field in the country. Jurisprudence as theory and practice is capable of being projected onto any social institution and finding implementation there, and educational laws are no exception. Judicial precedent means a particular rule for making decisions that have legal force. A precedent in the legal field can be considered as such only if it is not a special case but a specific widespread problem, that is, it proceeds from patterns and not from exceptions. At the moment, the connection between the legal and educational fields has a rather liberating function since it presents an evolving system that allows pupils and students to assert their rights. Each legal victory in this field thus implies a qualitative change in school and student life in general. The system of restrictions implemented by the education system can be transformed for the better through the legal field. An interesting precedent was set in the State of Montana when a child misdiagnosed as mentally retarded earned his right to basic education because he was entitled to that opportunity ( B.M. by Berger v. State, 1985). Thus, the child’s rights became more important than his real opportunities, eliminating the possibility of legal discrimination based on ability when entering school. The rule of court precedent, being transferred to the practice of school leaders, certainly facilitates the adoption of decisions that have both legal and ethical importance. In particular, the system of punishments that exists on the principle of established precede
In ancient times healthcare was a trial and error process. No one fully understood the scientific basis of healthcare. There were a lot of superstitious practices involved in treating sick people. But when in the aftermath of the modern age, the man began a more scientific approach to life and healthcare. Hospitals were built, and doctors were trained not only to deal with minor healthcare issues but also more complicated tasks such as surgery. Nevertheless, breakthroughs in the field of medicine have not yet eradicated errors in medical care such as the activities performed inside the operating room. One of the best examples to illustrate the cause and effect of medical error in surgery is the case of Tampa surgeon Rolando Sanchez who wrongly amputated the left leg of Willie King. It was on February 20, 1995, when Dr. Sanchez was supposed to amputate the right leg of Mr. King but ended up amputating the left leg” (Banja, 205, p.9). It was not the simple case of having an incompetent doctor in the person of Dr. Sanchez; it was the result of errors made by many people (Banja, 2005, p.9). It was the result of a series of unfortunate events. It is clear from this case study that the negative impact of medical error can result in the pain and suffering of many people (Dhillon, 2003, p.10). Consider its impact on the quality of life of Mr. King, who ended up having both his legs amputated. He could have managed with one leg and walk using crutches but with both legs gone he had to get used to a life on a wheelchair. It was reported that Mr. King did no sue the hospital and Dr. Sanchez. However, documents were obtained showing that the hospital paid Mr. King $900,000 and the medical malpractice insurer of Dr. Sanchez paid an additional $250,000 (Banja, 2005, p.10). This goes to show the effect of medical error. It is not only the patient who will suffer but also the hospital and the healthcare system in general. Money is wasted on suing the doctors and hospitals, and even if there is no legal battle as seen in this case, nevertheless money was spent for the wrong reason when it could have been used to improve hospital facilities (Abele, 2004, p.8). Indirect Cause According to experts: “There is no isolated case of an accident… there are multiple contributors to accidents, only jointly are these causes sufficient in itself to create an accident” (Banja, 2005, p.10). In the case above study, Dr. Sanchez is a competent surgeon, but it was revealed later on that there were errors made in communication, recording, and the lack of checks and balances in the system. It has to be pointed out that the series of unfortunate events can happen before surgery. There is a great deal of preparation that has to be completed before a major operation. One of these is drug ordering and dispensing. If the drugs used in the operating table is not what the surgeon requested, then one can just imagine the adverse effect it can have on the patient. The chemical can cause serious harm to the body. Incorrect records can be a major source of error. The recording of data is important, and there