ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Legal ethics have the fundamental aim of maintaining the honor and dignity of the legal profession. Ethical codes are not laws; many professionals confuse between the two. Code of ethics in law practice explains the prohibitions that are punishable if not adhered to by legal practitioners. Standards of ethics can prohibit actions such as spitting in the public or any other form of corruption, leading to jail. Code of ethics enables lawyers to act in a particular manner, restricted from misleading their clients. The world is full of potential clients who would like to work with lawyers in a court of law, and only lawyers can offer the needed service. The public seems to believe that lawyers can enable them to achieve justice. Code of ethics should maintain the amount of trust the public has towards lawyers. Honorable and fair dealing with clients, the spirit of friendly co-operation, and the ability to secure society’s responsibilities enabled through legal, ethical practice. Giuffrida (2019) indicates that clients always have trust in their lawyers, regarding them as means to justice; in case of failure to attain their expectations, the blame turns to the lawyer and the jurisdiction. Moreover, clients have the right to give information at their convenient time, and lawyers are not supposed to pressurize their clients (Giuffrida, 2019; Edens et al., 2018). The legal system in the United States of America is challenged by lawyers who might obey all other standards and fail to practice ethics in their profession. Failure to adhere to set ethics leads to mistrust between the lawyers and their clients. A commitment to legal ethics is a paramount involvement and commitment to the overview of the ethics code. Parker and Evans (2018) elaborate that the professional ethics code fulfills the obligation to introduce professional standards. The rule of law, founded on fairness, justice, equity, and lawyers, is essential to working out the law. If lawyers indicate no interest in promoting and adhering to ethical principles, clients might result in alternative means of resolving conflict (Parker & Evans, 2018). Legal practitioners should show attention in protecting their profession by practicing a code of ethics. A failure to do this may lead to clients finding it difficult to share confidential information. The ability to keep the client’s information is essential. If a customer has decided to share their data, they trust that particular lawyer. Failure to keep private data can even break future potential clients’ trust, leading to the inability to have enough evidence. Lawyers must indicate capabilities in solving conflict without blaming the entire jurisdiction for some reasons. Without conflicting matters for unknown details, lawyers should demonstrate confidence in their profession and assure clients of the possibility of winning their case. Giving alternatives to clients would undoubtedly contribute to hesitation, hence, resulting in the likelihood of terminating th
Witch trials in the new colonies of America were not a unique phenomenon in world history but the events of 1692 in Salem Massachusetts differed in scope and circumstances from in Europe, the origin of the practice. As compared to the thousands of executions that occurred in 16 th through 18 th century Europe, the trials in Salem resulted in 146 arrests and 19 people being put to death. The death toll included 18 women, one man and two dogs that were “hanged for giving young girls the ‘evil eye.’” (Schensul, 1992: t01). This brief and distasteful period of American history was initiated when a group of girls started to act peculiarly. Whether they were somehow ill or the group of friends had decided to play a prank is not confirmable but their convulsive, seemingly synchronized actions sent a wave of panic through the overtly religious citizens of Salem who thought their town was being influenced by evil supernatural forces. The trials in America involved particular political, economic and social implications and arose from an environment of uncertainty and fear. There were numerous factors in the greater context of world events that had an effect on the outcome of the witch trials. In 1691, drought gripped the New England area of the ‘New World’ and 1692 brought torrential rains and flooding. The superstitious religious societies of the Puritans sought scapegoats to punish for the miseries being suffered. They were acting as ‘God’s agents’ to rid the world of its evilness which they perceived as the root cause of the problems. The citizens of New England had previously abided by the rule of law according to the Massachusetts Magna Charta, but, in 1684, the charter was voided by the English Court at Chancery thereby dissolving the government in Massachusetts (Hilkey, 1910: 160). Additionally, an epidemic of small pox had infiltrated the region and its citizens were in constant conflict with Native American tribes. These conditions along with social transformations regarding Puritan principles exacerbated the existing sentiments of suspicion and fear. The eruption of hysteria concerning witches was brought about by these varying factors in combination with each other although none of which taken separately would have caused this action. The Puritan ideology included an intense belief that the devil endeavored to tempt Christians from following God’s laws. According to Puritanical beliefs, they are responsible to observe and then eliminate the presence of evil in society. “The problems that the first generations of English settlers had to face could always be seen as divine castigations for sinful behavior, or as the threat of Satan trying to establish his rule on earth” (Luoma, 2005). Puritans were very fervent in their objective of creating and maintaining
Introduction The proposition to utilize web-based credit approval systems to enhance the credit approval process is an appealing prospect for banks and other lending institutions. This is because the credit approval process is laden with risks that all lending institutions spend many resources managing. The risks arise from poor quality information brought about by fraudulent applications, interagency nature of its collection and outdated information. By using a web-based system, the efficacy of the process will improve, reducing the process overheads and increasing the margin for the banks. It calls for the use of a system architecture designed to produce the best possible results from the analysis of credit applications. There are a number of system architecture options to choose from in the process of designing such a system. Their typical composition includes, a database, model base and a user interface, which interact to produce the analysis report that decision makers rely on . They form the critical components of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems used for decision support. Burnside and Kahn (2004) identified the most common AI tools as, “Bayesian Network, Artificial Neural Networks, Case-Based Reasoning and Rule Based Systems”. In the case of a Web-Based decision support system for credit approval, the system must solve two problems. The first problem is the comprehensiveness and accuracy of information. This problem arises from databases in use because each database has its limitations. Some provide more wholesome information on clients than others. The second problem is in the procedural issues that relate to the handling of the information. The preferred solution encompasses, on one hand, a large data collection capacity that spans the entire internet, and on the other hand, a superior processing capacity of data for the availing of critical information credit officers require to make lending decisions. The system proposed to meet thi
Introduction The biopsychosocial model is generally the model or approach that posits biological psychology which entails thoughts, emotions, manners, and social factors, all play an important role in human functioning in the environment of illness or disease. Without a doubt, health can be deeply understood in terms of a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors slightly more than with the sole purpose in biological terms. The case under analysis shows that the patient, Henrietta Smith, is inclined to illness and cannot overcome his psychological problem without psychiatric help. Discussion section As it was stated above that the biopsychosocial can be understood more deep by a diverse of factors. No one can deny that the social influence on health is significant, where the better health and higher quality of life of community members depend on the level of their participation in the social networks, assistance to each other and overall change of the society to become more healthy and prosperous. Such social networks usually include the family, friends, neighbors, church, work, sport clubs and other
Blackburn raises quite an important question which does not simply advocate philosophers and their reflection. Blackburn proves that thinking and contemplating makes human’s life filled with certain meanings. The thinker argues that philosophers bring to the fore trends and outlooks existing in the human society (Blackburn 7). They reveal the trends which shape people’s behavior. Therefore, Blackburn concludes that philosophers’ theories can help people to find the most appropriate path in this world. Blackburn claims that it is always important to stop and think about major things, e.g. life, death, faith, etc. Philosophy and major findings of philosophers can help people to reflect upon such important issues. Argument Admittedly, Blackburn is correct saying that reflection is a very important part of the human life. It is, indeed, important to think and work out certain paradigm or code of conduct, so to speak. People should see several ways and choose the most appropriate one. Philosophers depict all those ways and provide some recommendations. Therefore, philosophy helps to reveal major paths which can be accepted or rejected by people. An Objection Of course, some people may argue that there is no need to sit and think as it is much more important to act. Some people argue that philosophers simply notice what is already known. Thus, philosophers only describe certain trends which prevail in the society. They do not reveal any universal pattern to follow as they simply contemplate certain theories or phenomena. Some may argue that there is
Encouraging diversity awareness is crucial for the successful integration of vulnerable populations into the society. A recent on-campus event provided by the university administration allowed exploring the issue, at the same time contributing significantly to building the link between vulnerable groups and the rest of the students and teachers (Vaz et al., 2015). The event was aimed at promoting an in-depth understanding of the needs of students with disabilities (Taylor, Parker, Keefer, Kloosterman, & Summerfeldt, 2015). Because of the vast opportunities for vulnerable groups to share their experiences and create a bond with the rest of the learners in a non-threatening environment, significant progress in encouraging disability awareness and the promotion of the welfare of the target demographic was made. The event included meeting learners with disabilities who have been studying at the college. Particularly, the participants were invited to engage in a variety of activities from cooking food to creating artworks and interviewing people. The specified activities implied interactions with the students and the university staff that have some form of disability. Due to the lack of a rigid schedule, as well as the fact that the guests were provided with a chance to choose between the types of activities in which they were willing to participate, the event had a distinct atmosphere of ease and spont
Introduction The research design adopted in this research study is the descriptive survey design. The descriptive design is used in the preliminary and exploratory studies. This design allows the researcher to gather information, summarize, present and interpret the data and information for the purpose of clarification. The main advantage of descriptive studies is that they are not limited to finding of facts only but may provide important information and knowledge on certain facts in the study. It provides solutions to certain probllems that may be encountered in the study. Descriptive research studies are carried out in order to come up with the information in a given existing situation. Further, descriptive studies may include facts, current conditions concerning the nature of the person, a number of objects or class of events and may involve procedures of induction, analysis, classification, enumeration and measurement. Such study helps to secure evidence on existing situations and conditions to identify standards or norms with which to compare, present and hence plans for way forward. In addition descriptive research studies help in formulating the next step to take from the current situation. Any ethical issues in the studies may be taken in to consideration so as to get proper results. The researcher is to behave ethically and carry out proper research on the subject by researching past history and passing out questionnaires. Because this research may involve a lot of personal information about people ethical practice is quite important. The researcher should let the participants do so voluntarily without any coercion or pressure from the researcher. This voluntary participation should be encouraged by the researcher. The participants should be informed on the researched and all the factors involved in the research. This is that the participants should have an informed consent. The respondents must offer their consent to participate in the study knowing well the risks and procedures involved. The researcher must ensure that the participants are not harmed as a result of their participation. Both physically and mentally. The researcher should assure the participants of privacy and confidentiality if they participate. The information that can pinpoint a response to a particular respondent should not be available to others without the consent of the respondent. This ensures that the anonymity of the respondent will be maintained in the information presented. This is very important especially in this research where the medical details of respondents is to be used. The researcher will employ
Introduction It is important to note that the longitudinal impact of historical racism in a systematic and institutional fashion cannot be washed away quickly. Damon Galgut’s interview encompasses these societal challenges, which are reflected in the current American and South African politics (Peirson-Hagger, 2021). The path for development and equality lies through unity and a single vision voiced coherently, which is complicated in the case of South Africa. Historical Racism in South Africa Although the author claims that the issue of race is reluctantly addressed in the United States, it is evident that South Africa and America had distinct issues of racism. One of the major differences between the US and South Africa is the fact that in the case of the former, an African American minority was brought to the continent to serve the White majority. However, in South Africa, a White minority dominated over the African majority in their historical continent. Therefore, achieving unity among South Africans is a far greater challenge than coordinating efforts among fewer African Americans. In other words, the impact of oppression and racism will likely have a much longer impact on South Africans. The United States is a more prosperous nation with stronger institutions, which is why the South African government is deeply affected by corruption. Conclusion In conclusion, Damon Galgut provides invaluable insights into race dynamics in South Africa. However, some analogies presented in the interview dismiss key historical differences between the two nations. The situation in South Africa is the result of large-scale racism, which makes it difficult to achieve unity in voice. Reference Peirson-Hagger, E. (2021). Booker Prize-winner Damon Galgut: “South Africa is not a country that speaks with one voice ”. The New Statesman. Web.
Rapid and radical socio economic and political reformations down the ages have witnessed substantial developments in civilizations. Yet, there remains a social grievance which has contributed largely to being a silent killer – most ruthless and has caused more sufferings to people than anything else on earth. Writing for New Internationalist Issue 270, vander Gaag has observed that, ‘Beneath the rhetoric of ‘post -feminism’ and ‘equality between the sexes’ lies another, more sinister phenomenon’. She further states that, “It is a code listed in the World Health Organization’s A-Z of ailments, the International Classification of Diseases. It stands for ‘extreme poverty.’ ‘In the jargon it is known as ‘the feminization of poverty.’ (Gaag der). This has derogatorily influenced women’s lives, globally, more than any other factor over the last decade.To trace the origin of the jargon, Sara.S Mc Lanahan has recorded that, ‘In 1978, Diana Pearce, a visiting researcher at the University of Wisconsin, published a paper noting that poverty was becoming “feminized” in the U.S.’ (Mc Lanahan & Kelly). This phenomenon, observed in the U.S in 1970, states that female headed households accounted for a growing proposition of those below the poverty line. In a study carried over 20 years up to 1990 the number of rural women has gone up to 50%, a shocking 565 million women of the world population. The above statistics has not seen a favorable trend in the present years, though there are shades of differences in the mentality and reaction of women to their own cause. Moghadam, in his research on The Feminization of Poverty and Women’s Human Rights has observed that the three contributing factors which constrain the development of women are ‘the growth of female headed households, intra – household in equalities and bias against women and girls and neo liberal economic policies including structural adjustments and the post socialist market transitions.’ ‘Its visibility is deep- rooted in demographic trends “cultural” patterns and political economy.’ (Moghadam, 2005). Women among the poor suffer doubly from the denial of their human rights – first on account of gender inequality, second on account of poverty. A through study into this persistent problem reveals a dismal picture as the root cause to the social evil is society. Men often leave their homes in search of jobs resulting in female headed families. Divorce, low productivity, a deteriorating environment, single mothers, the economic recession of the 1980’s, “welfare reforms” are the factors in turn exacerbated by intra household inequalities which lead women unprepared for and especially vulnerable
Ohio.gov is a multifunctional platform designed to help job seekers and employers. The site provides information that can help different groups of people with their work and career needs. It uses job search and online learning tools to find the perfect job and improve one’s skills. On the site, a person can post a resume and indicate the preferred areas of work, which will be taken into account in the future and will help to contact the most suitable employers. Ohio.gov also provides information and skills to help one’s take a career to the next level. Each employer’s proposal normally contains brief information about the company that provides the job. In addition, it describes the requirements for the candidate, his or her duties, and the possibility of career growth. The site provided all sorts of choice features to find information on the desired vacancy. If known, it is possible to filter the job search either by a specific job title or keywords. It helps those who would like to specialize in a certain area based on, for example, the main skills and abilities. Having sorted the information on the site by filters, namely: employment and job type, education level, and workdays, I thereby reduced the final result that the site would provide me. I also entered the keywords cybersecurity, computer science , and problem-solving , and I got a job link for Cybersecurity Manager (Job ID: 237544968). Thanks to Ohio.gov , I can immediately send my resume to an employer for consideration or bookmark the job to continue my search. If I do not find anything better than offer ID 237544968, I can come back and send my CV later. Crowe company, as an employer, posted all the necessary information and even indicated advantages over other companies.
Studying the literature of previous times can provide valuable insight into how society was organized and what people had views on social, political, and other problems. This work explores the literary work of Franz Kafka, “Metamorphoses.” Therefore, this paper is a piece of literature that is still relevant and could be applied to society today in several ways. The main problem of this response highlights the problem of loneliness of people in the world, despite the simple idea of a good life. Before discussing the relevance of the work under study, it is necessary to have an understanding of its plot. Therefore, “Metamorphosis” will tell about Gregor Zamsa, an ordinary seller who one day a man realizes that he has turned into an insect of enormous size. The rest of the story focuses on his attempts to adapt to the new conditions of life. Family members lock him in a separate room and feed him; later, Gregor dies of poisoning. Therefore, “The Metamorphoses” can be easily attributed to current society. Research shows that “it no longer follows the methodical analysis of souls, but seeks the inner disorder, the secret of the character’s existence” (Balaban 235). One of the most striking is the problem of loneliness of people. Despite the fact that the main protagonist had a family he took care of and supported, he was left alone in the end. Even at the end of the work, the author shows a picture of a happy walking family, according to which it is impossible to understand that they only lost one of their members. In the modern world, people are also suffering from loneliness, which is especially provoked by the development of new technologies. Individuals are increasingly locked into their separate worlds and cease to interact even with the close people themselves. In conclusion, it must be underlined that Franz Kafka created his works during such a period as modernism. It is characterized by the destruction and confrontation of established social norms. Therefore, the author of “The Metamorphosis” focuses on the problem of lack of love and loneliness of people, which can be related to the modern world. Despite the fact that this problem cannot be immediately identified, many experiences internal suffering from having such feelings. Work Cited Balaban, Maria-Zoica. “Franz Kafka and the Absurd Universe.” Language and Culture , vol. 20, no. 2, 2021, pp. 235-246.
In chapter four of ethics in criminal justice, Souryal takes the reader through various schools of thought explaining how they view the concept of happiness in relation to ethics and what he also feels about their thoughts. The chapter, therefore, takes into consideration the biography as well as historical insights to develop ideas as discussed by the philosophers. In the text, Aristippus holds the view that sensory pleasures are what human beings require which contrasts the ideas of Epicurus who says happiness can be obtained through mental satisfaction. In view of the Epicurus schools of thought, the idea is that people should have a simple lifestyle by living within their limits but not being extravagant. On page 136 Souryal explains further by saying that if someone tries to live beyond his/her financial needs is likely to face challenges mentally leading to mental stress hence lack of happiness in life. This view of mental satisfaction is termed as being glutton because the mind will desire to acquire what it does not have just as the physical desires that make human beings gluttonous. This view is in contrast with the hedonism theory, w