ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction As derived by classical economists such as Adam Smith, classical economies are largely dependant on the market efficiency functioning (Jamesesz, 2008). The two influencing factors in classical markets structures are the influence of demand and supply on market prices. Classical economists observe and indicate that microeconomics is based on market functioning and individuals, that is consumer and producers behaviors. These two variables usually control and affect the efficiency of markets. In this context, prices are dependants on the demand level and the supply levels. At market equilibrium price, the level of supply equals demand level. When supply exceeds demand level, prices fall and when demand exceeds supply, the level of equilibrium rise. Markets function effectively due to the objectives of producer and consumers. Producers are there to maximize profits while consumers are there to optimize satisfaction on consumption. In this respect, when prices rise in one commodity, profit driven market players will produce more of high priced commodity. In addition, producers will draw human capital, entrepreneurship, land and material capital (factors of productions) from low priced products to higher priced products. Conversely, oils are key inputs production factors that influence production levels and market systems. Economists suggest that the current economic environment oils demand and supply, together with the oil prices influence markets structures and can be used as a predicting tool for markets systems (Jamesesz, 2008). Today’s national and globalized economies have received the behavior of oil prices volatility with deep concern and consideration. From the experiences, oil’s prices volatility and rise in prices are common. It has come to economic believe that high oil prices have adverse effects to economic systems and equally derail economic growth. In addition, the volatility in oil prices causes increase in uncertainty and risks, thus discouraging investments and reducing economic incentives for growth. Like other production inputs, high oil prices stimulates increase in production (supply increases) and causes decline to oil demand levels. This paper will focus on the effects of rising oil prices to economic growth. Importantly, the paper will discuss on the micro economic impacts caused by oil prices and the effects to derailing economic growth. The paper will highlight on effects of oil price rise to gross domestic product, consumption and production. Impact on gross domestic product Oil prices affect the economic performances in a country. The mechanism to the impacts on performances exerted by the oil prices is very well recognized by most developed and underdeveloped countries. Many countries measure the impacts of the rising oil prices through estimating their Gross Domestic Products (GDP). Economic growth is measured by the increase in the size of th
Reasons for importance of employment status The Employment Rights Act 1996 defines status of employees legally. Some of the benefits include being aware of one’s rights, to help the government determine the revenue and its effect on status of employment, and to determine the percentages for taxes and insurance according to the employment laid by the government. The self-employed in the UK can claim expenses against tax bills. It also affects how one pays tax to governments. In the UK for instance, a self-employed person is required to pay class 2 NICs. This is associated with benefits such as the basic state pension and maternity leaves among others. Work life balance Work-life balance is the management of juggling acts that revolves around paid work and other personal activities. There are many advantages of life-work balance, these include reduced turnover and improved retention and recruitment, improved employee morale and engagement, and reduced stress, health costs and absenteeism among others. Support for employee as a family member Laws require organizations to support their employees as family members. In the UK, labor laws accord workers the right to request flexible working time and time off for care of dependents. The flexible working includes job sharing, working from homes, and working part time among others. The Working Time Regulations 1998 also require that parents and families get maternity, paternity, adoption and dependent leaves (The Working Time Regulations, 1998). As much as organizations care about making profits, they should also consider the needs of their employees. Discrimination Organizations may discriminate against a particular race when considering promotion and salary increments. Sex discrimination may take a form of limiting promotion of women and salary increment on the basis of future pregnancy (Crosby, 2007). It is also discriminatory to give job training to younger employees and leave out old ones. More so, assign particular responsibility to particular age and not others is also discriminatory. Furthermore, refusing to install wheelchair ramps is discriminatory to disabled employees (Crosby, 2007). Fair and Unfair dismissal Fair dismissal occurs when an employee is dismissed due to breach of employment contract. Employment contract can be fairly terminated basing on issues of improper conducts that negatively affect organizations’ reputation and redundancy or statutory obligation that the organization has to follow (Turner, 2013). On the other hand, unfair dismissal is harsh, unjust and unreasonable termination of employee contract. When an employee is dismissed on grounds of his or her physical condition such as pregnancy or other reasons such as family issues, it is considered as an unfair dismissal (Turner, 2013). Exit interviews Benefits to organizations   * Exit information can be used to reduce costly turnover at the same increase employee productivity and engagement.   * Allows retention
Issue: There is an ongoing debate on whether educational buildings should be required to have gender-neutral bathrooms for students. Position: Educational buildings should be required to provide gender-neutral bathrooms for students.   * Premise 1. Transgender students are entitled to be able to use a bathroom without being assaulted or harassed.   * Premise 2. Dividing bathrooms into ones for men and ones for women is an obsolete and outdated concept.   * Premise 3. Gender-neutral bathrooms are more inclusive than gender-specific ones. The First Argument It is necessary for a student to be in a good mental state to succeed in their education. Being under pressure or stress may negatively affect a student’s concentration and comprehension. When stress levels are constantly high, it can become a basis for developing mental disorders, which may require long years of therapy to recover from. That is why, it is vital for a person that is receiving an education to not be put under too much stress – otherwise, they are likely to experience serious problems in their learning. There are many factors that influence the mental health of a student – basically anything might have an impact, big or small, on one’s well-being. One of the biggest factors (and one controllable by campus administration, even though not directly) is the presence of discrimination against the student and their close ones. There are many possible ways for a student to be discriminated against, one of which is being denied their access to basic utilities, such as on-campus bathrooms. Transgender students are especially vulnerable against discrimination and are often targeted by bigoted individuals when trying to use the bathroom. They cannot use the bathrooms dedicated to students of their assigned gender at birth because of severe discomfort and, in many cases, gender dysphoria. Such students are excluded from bathrooms which align with their gender identity by bigoted students and even staff. When using any gendered bathroom, a transgender perso
Introduction Better Place’s (BP) idea to roll out electric car charging points is a step in the right direction. Electric Vehicles (EVs) as offered through BP’s scheme are quite promising because most challenges associated with EVs have been addressed by the organisation. Prospects for future improvements are also quite high as indicated through current innovations. Analysis Energy sustainability Environmental concerns have been the major reason behind the push for greener sources of energy on the roads. Electric vehicles are a possible solution to increased dependence of most countries on imported oil. Weaker economies have suffered as a result of their energy choices. Climate change concerns have also become a major preoccupation among the G8 and many other developed nations of the world (Lee & Lovellette, 2011). Consumers have realized that they have a serious role to play in taking care of their environment. They now want to minimize their personal carbon impact and thus contribute towards a more sustainable environment. Electric motor vehicles appear to be a viable solution to this need in the long term and the short time. Better Place is contributing to this resolution through its innovative strategies. A number of EV opponents have argued that these cars are not that environmentally friendly owing to their long term green gas emissions. These opponents believe that for electric vehicles to be energy efficient, they need to rely on green powered electric power plants. Some of them have cited examples of electric vehicles that rely on coal generated powered plants and have asserted that such vehicles would increase green house gas emissions by as much as twenty percent. Better Place has already realized this and has partnered with green electric power generators. In countries such as Denmark, Better Place is collaborating with electricity generators who rely on wind. In Israel, the firm is working on solar powered electric generators. The company is looking for ways of offering an all-round approach to the sustainability problem. A lot is yet to be done in this realm though; more infrastructures will have to be built in Australia in order to support green electricity sources. This would give clients sufficient support even when markets expand. It has been estimated that in the next nine years, the electric vehicle industry will minimise carbon based emissions by a whooping forty percent. This will be possible through inter-industry collaborations between power generators and electric vehicle providers like Better Place. (White, 2011) Car performance issues Better Place and other electric vehicle stakeholders have worked on the inefficiencies that had plagued the electric vehicle market in the past. Previously, there were concerns about the life of the EV battery. Most batteries had a short lifespan and needed to be recharged on a regular basis. Innovators responded to this challenge through creation of the Lithium ion batteries. These devices have proved to be more effective than previous trials bec
Introduction Originally, the Renault-Nissan Alliance was established in 1999. The basis of this alliance is the crossing of the shareholdings, which were possessed by both companies, and currently, it is the third largest global automaker, and the global market share is 9%. It is stated in the principles of the corporate policy that the Alliance is aimed at developing and implementing a strategy of profitable growth of both companions. Originally, it is created on the principles and values of trust and mutual respect. Alliance Instead of Purchase Answering this question, there is strong necessity to emphasize that the main aim of the alliance is to establish a powerful automotive group, and expand the corporate culture and identity of each brand, which is a part of the Alliance. The main aims of the alliance are represented in the following criteria of the successful business performance:   * quality and value of products and services   * key technologies in engines, electronics and the environment   * operating profit On the one hand, the purchase and total merge of the companies could eliminate the problems, associated with the matters of independent management and business performance principles. On the other hand, alliance have created two comparatively independent teams, which are interested in the benefits of each other (Renault holds 44,3% of Nissan stake, while Nissan controls 15% of Renault shares). Areas of Cooperation The following areas will be analyzed:   * Joint Purchasing   * Manufacturing   * Technical Cooperation Joint purchasing. Originally, this sphere appears to be beneficial for both companies, as the purchase of the equipment, technologies and industrial powers is currently arranged in accordance with the mutual interests, and the companies apply all the managerial resources in order to define, whether the purchase will be beneficial. (Yoshino, 2003) The sphere of manufacturing is difficult to estimate in the context of mutual benefits, as the brands are developing independently on each other, thus, the manufacturing sphere develops independently. Nevertheless, the managerial powers are united, thus, the optimal variants of manufacturing control and performance are provided. Consequently, there is thorough control of both sides for the manufacturing process of both partners. Technical Cooperation. In order to take advantage of the powertrain experience and advancement of both partners, as it is stated in “Alliance Facts and Figures” (2009) the Alliance co-developed common engines and gearboxes: a six-speed manual gearbox and a new V6 diesel engine. The Alliance also exchanges existing engines or gearboxes ‑ for example, the Nissan 3.5-liter gasoline engine for Renault Laguna and Renault 1.5-liter diesel engine for Nissan Qashqai). In total, eight engines are commonly used. (Alliance Facts and Figures, 2009) Criteria of Success The criteria, in accordance to which the success of the alliance may be estimated, will be the
There are some obvious reasons why Bach’s music has had such appeal to reception historians. Its “rediscovery” in the early nineteenth century, after all, “marked the first time that a great composer, after a period of neglect, was accorded his rightful place by a later generation” and, as an early example of new historicism, “eventually opened all periods of Western music to discovery and performance.” 1 The vigor and intensity of the Bach revival were so decisive that most of the research conducted on Bach reception history has tended to focus on the nineteenth century. But this is not to imply that scholars have been uninterested in how Bach’s music was received during his lifetime and the fifty years after his death. They have long studied the aesthetic responses to it recorded in eighteenth-century sources and, considering the many items that still await detailed examination, will probably continue this line of investigation for some time to come. These aesthetic responses do tell us something about how Bach’s contemporaries and immediate successors viewed his music. Yet they are frequently of a general nature, providing no clues whatever as to the particular works that prompted them in the first place. Johann Mattheson’s report of 1717, the first reference to Bach in print, is typical: “I have seen things by the famous organist of Weimar, Mr. Joh. Sebastian Bach, both for the church and for the fist, that is certainly such as must make esteem the man highly.” 2 Besides his obvious admiration for Bach as a composer of keyboard music and sacred vocal works, little can be deduced from Mattheson’s words. Judging from what has survived of Bach’s sacred vocal output up to 1717 the “things…for the church” are sacred cantatas, for there is little else extant. But one wonders which cantatas could have made such a positive impression on Mattheson since the only Bach cantata he is known to have been acquainted with is one he ridiculed for its repetitive text declamation. 3 And by “things…for the fist” does he mean organ or harpsichord music, and what genres of organ or harpsichord music does he have in mind? The lack of documentation precludes any real answers. Could it be demonstrated, though, that if Mattheson at the time of his report owned a manuscript containing this or that Bach cantata or keyboard work, one would clearly be in a better position to entertain questions like these? It is not entirely out of the question that one day such evidence will surface, given the strong interest today in the eighteenth-century manuscript copies of Bach’s music. Manuscript copies of Bach’s music are manuscripts in the hand of someone other than Ba
The topic of marijuana legalization has remained controversial for the past few decades. In my view, there is still a lot to be researched before legalizing or decriminalizing this substance, and the process itself needs to be cautious and gradual. Marijuana use and trade are directly related to the criminal justice system; therefore, according to Hartley, Champion, Rabe and Champion (2017), these activities are considered damage to society. Although with decriminalization, there might be a significant decrease in use-related arrests, there is a strong possibility for drugged driving or fights to become more frequent. These will remain dangerous traffic and social offenses; thus, the number of crimes will stay the same, but they will fall under different articles. Regarding the consequences of legalization, it is important to consider the conditions of the suggested law. If the substance is only allowed for recreational use, the trafficking would still remain illegal. It means that although the justice system will require more evidence or larger amounts of substance to consider the case criminal, they will obtain more opportunities to examine, track, and investigate the supply sources. Additionally, Hartley et al. (2017) mention the practice when “social change arises out of continual iterations of policy” (p. 8). If marijuana is fully legalized, there might be a rise in use among youth, which is dangerous from the physiological point of view, and there will be no legal justification to end it. As it can be seen, there are multiple issues presumably following marijuana legalization. The solutions are not applicable to other drugs like heroin or cocaine, since those are more dangerous in terms of their effects and should not be decriminalized within this law. I believe the justice system should be adequately prepared and reason out all the possible scenarios for social shifts and criminal consequences in case they make the pro-legalizing decision. Reference Hartley R. D., Champion D. J., Rabe G. A., & Champion D. J. (2017). Criminal Courts . [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Web.
What is the method of stubbornness used in the movie? Who? How? Why? Though natural, the “method of tenacity” is a very defective technique of belief obsession. This approach entails the willful evasion of situations that may rouse doubt within an individual’s current beliefs’ repertoire. In the film, intellectualism is portrayed as the basic cause of conflict. Nevertheless, freedom of knowledge is normally in antagonism with the slavery of doctrinaire thought. In the film, Brady and the residents of the Hillsboro region are fundamentalists in the evangelical sense. The literary belief in the doctrines of the Bible. To Brady, people should not question the content of the sacred scripture. This belief appears to be institutionalized into the minds of these people who are already slaves of religion. In a nutshell, people in Hillsboro deeply believe that everything got in the holy scripture should never be questioned, altered, or modified and should be accepted as it is since this is a way of interfering with the word of God. Tom Brady, fundamentalism does not only imply literal translation but also complete acceptance of these doctrines. Since to challenge or modify anything in the Bible is absurd and suicidal to Brady, fundamentalism conflicts with intellectualism. Being a conventionalist implies that the mind should be kept shut. This is what Brady is facing since he is shuttered from being inquisitive, which is natural to any normal human being. The film also portrays Drummond who is anti-traditionalism. Drummond is promoting intellectualism among the members of the society. According to Drummond, the human mind is sacred and freedom of the will and thought are fundamental to human life (Kessler 33). Rachel is another young and luminous girl who is held into her father’s conventional thoughts and way of living. Rachel comes to a thought that it is only by escaping from her parents’ domination so that she can start a new life of her own. However, this is only possible if she sets her mind to think critically and seek freedom. Based on Rachel’s life, we may deduce that free thought is not just vital from an intellectual point of view, but also valuable in human life. Drummond is certain that there can be no development if people don’t embrace science that will in turn initiate technology in society. What is the method of Authority used in the movie? Who? How? Why? In Hillsboro, people co-exist harmoniously. The people are extensively homogenous. Virtually everyone in this town belongs to the same religion and hence, they share the same belief system. They have been struggling to join hands and censure Cates Bert. This man had dared to utter a different outlook from what they believe in. This shows how these people are restricted to a single perspective, and they don’t tolerate anything external. According to Drummond, this confinement into a single worldview can impair oneself (Jerome and Lee 51). “Met
The US-Mexico border area is occupied by about 11.8 million people (MPI, 2006). Mexico makes the largest source of immigrants into the United States with about 30% of the total foreign-born population coming from the country (Passel, 2004; qtd. in Jiménez, 2008). The study of immigration patterns is important because these patterns influence the culture of a people (Jiménez, 2008). The Mexican border cities have been associated with large-scale smuggling of drugs, illegal immigration, ethnic tensions, night clubs and other forms of the disorder. The environment is characteristic of a blend of more than one factor; a blend between two mixing cultures in political, social, and cultural contexts-United States and Mexico; struggle to retain singular cultures and poverty among other factors. The border culture has evolved as a result of interactions of the Anglo-Americans, Mexican Americans, and border Americans. Co-existence which has occurred through transnational interactions as well as border interactions influenced by economic and other needs has played a role in ensuring that the community living on the border transforms into a relatively peaceful place. This paper seeks to examine the influence on the culture at the border, adoption of cultures, and assimilation as well as its relation to globalization. According to social scientists’ views, intermarriages, language abilities, residential locations, and social-economic status have been measures through which assimilation models have acted to result in the fading away of ethnic boundaries (Waters and Jiménez, 2005). The ethnic boundaries fade to be replaced by the symbolic, optional, and inconsequential nature of ethnic identity (Jiménez, 2008). The influx of Mexican immigrants has been said to cause ethnicity less of a symbolic, optional and inconsequential aspect of identity through the creation of boundaries that slice through the Mexican-origin and sharpening of the boundaries that circumscribe Mexican Americans according to Jiménez (2008). The large presence of the Mexican creates the “inter-group boundaries” and the “intra-group boundaries”. The former acts to indirectly sharpen the boundaries between the non-Mexicans and the Mexican Americans although the foreign-born Mexican immigrants are the primary target of anti-immigrant antipathy; the Mexican Americans also experience indirect effects of nativist sentiments (Jiménez, 200