ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Creationism is a religious dogma about the creation of the world based on the Bible. This movement is often described as an offshoot of science, and articles are passed off as scientific and peer-reviewed. However, creationism does not meet the criteria of the scientific method of knowledge – basing conclusions on facts rather than faith. A scientist can only hypothesize about some new entity if there is sufficient reason to do so that cannot be explained by the existing theory and not because of religious faith. Nevertheless, creationists are not bothered by their lack of a scientific method. In this paper, I would like to review one such article. Although it has its share of factual information, most of its arguments do not stand up to criticism. The article “The image of God” by Genesis File seeks to disprove Darwin’s theory of evolution and prove that life on earth was created by external intelligence (2021). The author’s main arguments against evolution are the growth of molecular chaos and the scarcity of transitional forms in the annals of fossils, which supposedly contradict Darwin’s theory of evolution. In my article I will examine these arguments in sequence and highlight their main point. Then, I will use evidence-based science to refute these contentions. In conclusion, I will summarize all the deficiencies in the evidence and make recommendations on how to improve them. The first flaw in the article’s argument is that throughout the entire existence of the species homo sapiens, not a single mutation into other species has been observed. This argument cannot be accepted as valid because it manipulates the facts. The fact is that this argument is cited as proof that an organism cannot change its form and evolve into other species on its own. It argues in favor of the fact that early organisms could not evolve from natives into amphibians and then into mammalian creatures (Genesis File, 2021). However, the author of the article does not consider that at the time of life of the first organisms, the conditions on our planet were dramatically different from those of today. Floods, droughts, and ice ages occurred. To survive, organisms had to go through massive changes. Nor should we forget that these changes took place over millions of years. However, the article’s author argues that since none of them evolved further over the last few hundred thousand years of modern homo sapiens existence, the whole theory of evolution is flawed (Genesis File, 2021). Changes in the species occurred and are still happening, just quite slowly. For example, primitive humans had a different physique; they had a more powerful, broader, and shorter chest than modern humans (Jantsch, 2019). These changes we
Abstract With ever changing economic environment digital information systems is vital for the survivability and growth of the business. Contemporary businesses not only derive enhanced information from the digital information system but also new opportunities for information sharing, joint utilization and the creation of knowledge. Therefore, the implementation of digital information is not just sufficient but necessary for the development and growth of the firm in the modern market place. Thus, this report will provide a critical analysis of Riley’s website. This critical analysis will be based on how the company manages its digital information system, the business model adopted by the company including the online value proposition together with the online revenue model as well as the company website customer relationship management. The analysis foundation frameworks stated are related to the company online business management. In fact, the analysis will provide vital information for the development of the company digital business. Further, the recommendations that will be provided after the analysis will be highly essential for the development of the company digital businesses. Introduction Riley is a digital online game and entertainment company based in the UK. All business processes of the company are digitally conducted (Riley, 2012). This distinguishes the company from all other forms of online business. It also means that digital business management that the company adopts is of great importance in developing its business processes. The company offers different categories of products to individual consumers online. Analyzing the digital management of the company website will provide a greater insight on how digital business strategies have contributed to the growth of its market share, development and increased profitability. Further, the analysis of the company website will provide more information on the company adoption and implementation of the information systems that have enabled the integration of internal and external factors. Moreover, critica
The author described a part of her body. At first, it seems that this is the primary purpose of the whole poem. However, a quick review of the said poem will instantly reveal that she is referring to something else. Her hips are a symbol of her strength and attributes. She used her hips to tell the story of her life. She used her hips to point out that women are prone to negative thinking. Her hips are a symbol of how women see themselves in society. In this poem, Clifton is saying that women should change the way they think. In the first line, the author said that she has big hips. Immediately this is an exciting and powerful disclosure. This is because women with big hips are not proud to say that they have big hips. Most big and heavy women find themselves unattractive. This is the reason why losing weight is an idea popular all over the world. The poet was able to capture the attention of many people especially if the one reading her poem is a woman struggling with her weight. Clifton is trying to awaken the consciousness of women by telling them that there is nothing wrong with being plump and heavy. She said that her hips are a source of pride and joy. It can also be argued that Clifton is not just talking about plus size women. She is used her hips to symbolize womanhood, freedom, and the need for women to be empowered. This can be seen in the second line when she said that her big hips require space. Her hips do not require space to grow because she was not talking about the physical growth of her body but her need for freedom. Clifton desires for social mobility, and nobody can force her to stay the same. In the third line, the poet said that her hips would never fit into small places. It does not make sense why she needed to squeeze her hips into petty places. This means that petty places symbolize an aspect of society that is so narrow and constricted that she felt oppression. She confronted discrimination by saying that her hips cannot fit into those constricted places. She needed space to grow, explore, and expand. She confirms that she longs for freedom because she interjects the line that says her hips are free. She added that her hips were never enslaved and because of that she will not shrink back from fulfilling her dreams. This means that she will never be affected by the past. Her forefathers may have been slaves, but she will not succumb to a slave mentality. She is saying that she will never agree to be under the yoke of slavery. Mobility is vital to her. Mobility is proof of her freedom. If someone restricts her movement, then it means that her right as a free citizen has been violated and therefore she will not allow that to happen. She is not only free as a bird, but she also possesses the power to fulfill her dreams. There is nothing impossible for her as long as she believes that it can be done. There is nothing that can sto
Analysis of a Recent Information Security Breach Electronic records and enterprise information, in general, are prone to security breaches. Reports of information security breaches are made almost in all places and by both institutions and individuals. Of particular concern are the alarming rates of medical information security breaches. For instance, the monthly average of attacks on medical records is estimated to be above 780,000 in the US alone (Greene, 2016). This essay analyzes an information security breach at Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center (based in Los Angeles), which took place in February of 2016. The media overall description of the information security breach The media described the Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Centre information breach as one of the most severe cases. The hospital staff detected a malware outbreak that resulted in the hospital management declaring an “internal emergency”. The outbreak was reported to have begun on February 5, 2016. However, reports claimed that the hospital did not give information on how the attack occurred. The hospital computer files, including patient records, were reported to be completely inaccessible. The system malfunction was reported to have lasted for more than one week. During the breakdown, employees were compelled to carry out most of their activities by hand. A considerable number of patients were transferred to other hospitals since some of the hospital facilities like the radiation and oncology departments had suspended their services. The attackers’ demands were outrageous, as they wanted to be given 9,000 bitcoins (an untraceable mode of online payment), whose value is more than $3.5 million. The hospital’s CEO, Allen Stefanek, was quoted saying that the quickest and most efficient way that the hospital would get the key to unlocking the encryption was through paying the attackers. The hospital management, however, refuted the claims that the demands amounted to 9,000 bitcoins, rather issuing reports that it only paid approximately $17,000 or 40 bitcoins to the attackers to unlock the encrypted information (Schwartz, 2016). The nature of the malware that resulted in the security breach The information security breach at the center resulted from a ransomware (malware) attack. Ransomware has developed over time posing more threats to information security. Currently, the malware has upgraded to “Version 4.0”. Ransomware scrambles files in a computer and holds the information “hostage” until the attackers are paid a “ransom” to release them. The malware uses encryptions to deter computer users from accessing their files. A victim of such an attack only views a message informing them who has encrypted the information. In the message, attackers make their demands (payment in bitcoins) to the victim for the release of the k
Executive Summary This report is focused on building an effective sales model for Austvending vending machine company that has business operations in Australia and New Zealand. The company has ten years of experience in providing cost effective, specialized, innovative, and customized business solutions and services to meet the needs and expectations of the market using vending machines. The company takes responsibility for the most difficult parts by delivering the services and taking the machines closer to the customers to enable them to optimize the profits earned from the delivered of services using the electronic vending machines. Service delivery relies on the use of web based applications which use a service distribution model defined by a sales team structure which is composed of a hierarchical reporting relationships framework. The structure has the national sales director at the top of the management hierarchy and line managers composed of regional sales managers, sales managers, and sales representatives at the lower levels. The managers are geographically distributed based on the business activities and characteristics of the market segments and the state the company’s operations are found. To ensure effective business service delivery, the company has a well-defined organizational structure which shows the roles and responsibilities of each member in the sales team which is composed of the national sales manager who devices and regulates the company’s national strategy, the regional sales manager who is responsible for defining and creating the job description of company employees, and the sales manager who drives the performance of the organization. To provide efficient service delivery to the customers, the sales representative of the company take that responsibility to ensure the services meet the needs of the customers, who are the most critical stakeholders of the company. Appropriate remunerations, commissions, bonuses, and incentives are provided to the each manager for motivational purposes Background of Austvending Austvending is a vending machine company that is mainly based in Australia and New Zealand. The corporation enjoys an experience of over 10 years having started its business in the year 1996. It’s main mission is to provide the best vending machine equipments, which help in establishing vending businesses (Monley 133). The company also provides supportive services that help vending businesses to be more profitable and efficient. It mainly targets people with the desire to have financial independence in terms of investment opportunities, and a stable income source. Austvending provides its clients with a personalized business structure that is best suited for that particular client. Its business model exists almost in all towns in Australia (Zoltners, Sinha & Lorimer 2004, p.4)
The juvenile justice system plays an integral role in the punishment and rehabilitation of the minor criminal offenders in the United States. In addition, it ensures a fair administration of justice for the minor offenders. The purpose of this paper is to explain the justice and correction process for the juveniles in Georgia. It discusses the laws and practices that are applied in the Georgian juvenile justice system. The juvenile justice process begins with the arrest of the juvenile for committing an offense. Once the juvenile is arrested, he or she is put under the custody of the juvenile justice department. Before the child is held in custody, there should be reasonable grounds to believe that the child acted delinquently. In the event that the police or the juvenile officers need to interrogate the minor, his or her parent or lawyer must be present. All counties in Georgia have juvenile courts. These courts have the jurisdiction to deal with all criminal cases involving children under the age of seventeen years. The juvenile code enacted in 1971 is the supreme law that guides the conduct of the juvenile courts (Clear, Cole & Reisig, 2012). In the Fifth Amendments, the Supreme Court in Georgia ruled that the child’s parent must be present during the case hearings. Confessions by minors are restricted. In addition, the procedure for admission of such confessions is more thorough than the admission of confessions for adult cases (Clear, Cole & Reisig, 2012). The confessions have to be evaluated by the court of law to ascertain whether the juvenile is of the right age and education. In addition, the court has to ascertain whether the offense was committed knowingly or willingly. In most of cases involving juveniles, the Georgian authorities rarely detain the children. The juvenile officers are required to investigate and determine whether there is sufficient evidence to proceed with the case. They should also determine whether the juvenile can be released or prosecuted out of custody. Detention is only granted if the juvenile is a threat to the other people (Hatcher, Bride, Oh, King & Catrett, 2011). In the event that the juvenile officers find that there is substantial proof to proceed to a full hearing, a delinquency charge is issued. The delinquency charge must be signed by the complainant. The charge is then admitted by the court, and the petition commencement date is set. Summons detailing the charges are then issued by the court to the concerned parties. Unlike in the normal court hearings where the evidence is evaluated to determine if the accused is guilty, the juvenile court hearings safeguard the interests of the child. For instance, in the case of Valessa Lyn Robinson, the court had to evaluate the evidence in her best personal interest. The prosecutor in the juvenile courts does not cross-examine the witnesses with the aim of proving the guiltiness of the defendant. Instead, the prosecutor’s role during the court hearings is to present substantive facts about the case. The evidentiary rules are also established by the presiding judge and vary from case to case. The press and public members are not allowed to fol
The current judiciary system faces a controversy while treading juveniles committing serious crimes. On the one hand, youth falling under the category from 12-17 should not be tried in the adult court system because of their emotional immaturity and inability to control their impulses. On the other hand, individuals committing as severe crimes as adults do should undergo severe punishment. Such a perspective raises a number of questions concerning the reasonableness of the current juvenile systems, as well as measures that should be taken while treating difficult teenagers. In this respect, there should not be a clear distinctions between juveniles arrested for crimes of various degrees of severity. Nevertheless, teenagers cannot be tried as adults because of their psychological immaturity, distinct competence, and greater potential for psychological change. Certainly, there are some obvious cases of juvenile cruelty that do not permit community to consider the case because of teenager’s emotional instability and family problems. Murder cannot be justified by all means. However, society must not “…give up hope of rehabilitating a child who commits a crime” (Clouse 599). Teenagers are not stable enough in terms of their emotional perception of the surrounding events. Due to the lack of a healthy family environment, as well as other cases of social pressure, they often resort to measures that rigidly contradict the norms accepted in a civilized society. Therefore, if there is a chance to save a child from custody, the social institutions should take advantage of it. In addition to the above-presented deliberations, there is a plethora of studies supporting juvenile rehabilitation rather than adult imprisonment. Specifically, the researchers agree that giving an opportunity for a teenager to go through a juvenile system with rehabilitation, education, counseling, and mentoring increases the possibility for an individual to become a normal member of society. In contrast, a child serving in an adult jail is unlikely to adjust to a society (Steinberg 603). Indeed, there should be experienced counselors and psychologists that can train problematic youth to control their unstable and immature emotions and understand the consequences of their actions. Finally, earlier identification of teenagers’ psychological problems can reduce the number of crimes in future since many adult criminals resort to outlaw actions since their young years. Certainly, it is impossible to sentence all adolescents to equal punishment due to the different degrees of crimes they commit. Moreover, most of juveniles should be transferred to adult prisons for the safety of teenagers whose crimes are less severe (Collier 610). Such a decision can contribute to safety measures in such institutions. Most of the problematic children face misconception on the part of adults and, therefore, the task of a counselor is to notice such children before they pose threat to society. Reconsidering the overall situation with juvenile delinquency is crucial to create new circumstances under which these criminals will be treated. Despite the fact
Introduction Organizations such as those in the manufacturing sector and the service industry such as finance and education among others endeavor to determine the efficient and productive use of their resources based on the productive efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) to solve linear programming and performance-related problems. Here, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) constitutes the technique that has widely been adopted to solve optimization problems that have different variables and effects on the economic performance of those institutions. Typically, the “data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming technique for measuring the relative performance of organizational units where the presence of multiple inputs and outputs makes comparisons difficult” (Riccardi, Oggioni and Toninelli 2). This study aims to investigate the use of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate their use in the relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMU’s) in the manufacturing industry with a specific focus on the Malmquist Taiwanese productivity of semiconductor packaging and testing firms (Pishvaee and Torabi 12). The key areas to focus on including the measurement or frontier forward shift, technical change, and frontier backward shift for two conservative periods. The objectives of this study include evaluating the DEA Malmquist productivity index as a geometric mean of two Malmquist productivity indices. The second objective is to evaluate the efficiency of the DEA method in decision making. Literature review The DEA Malmquist productivity index used to measure the efficiency of the decisions Liu and Wang conducted a study to determine the packaging and testing of semiconductors efficiency using the Malmquist productivity indices (1). In this study, three metrics were used in the measurement, which include the frontier backward shift, the measurement of technical change, and the forward frontier shift (Sueyoshi and Goto 8). The
General overview of the Euro Zone Developments from Failure of Referendum on EU Constitution until Euro Zone Crisis of late 2011-2012 The period between 2007 and 2011 has been a challenging one to the European Union (EU). As a response to the increasing pressures on Greece imposed by the international financial market, the Union extended a loan of 110 billion Euros to save the nation from sovereign default. After that, a huge fund amounting to 750 billion Euros was established to halt the contamination of Greece’s debt crises to other weaker European economies in the south. This was a deliberate move by the EU to signal to the international markets that the union would cover the debts of its member states. In addition, the European Central Bank began to buy euro-dominated sovereign debts to assist in stabilizing the markets. Consequently, member-state governments decided to allow Eurostat (European statistics agency) to review the accounts of member states as well as vetting the annual budgets of member states. Moreover, other EU member states all over Europe started a calculated move to cut their spending so as to reduce deficits and clear public debts. Towards the year 2011, Ireland was compelled to seek a loan from EU while similar pressures were experienced in Portugal and Spain. Currently, the Euro Zone is in an existential crisis. This crisis include but not limited to weak fiscal policy; intense disparities in labor market and housing associations; failure in fiscal regulations and general interest rates have resulted in unsustainable internal discrepancy in the common currency zone (Muellbauer 1). These are evident in the disagreements on unsustainable government, competitiveness and private debts to gross domestic production (GDP) ratios and in other signs like relentless deficits in balance of payments. Thesis As many scholars and commentators talk, the Euro Zone crisis appear to have a myriad of casualties that relate more to the economic dimension ignoring the significance path of democracy (Black 1). De