ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The introduction of technology in various aspects of the day to day activities in administration, government, business, and education, among other fields has brought about both new opportunities and challenges in the twenty first century. The incorporation of technology in the academic setting has rattled the conventional teaching and learning paradigms. This use of information and communication technologies in educational practices has posed new challenges to the teachers and trainers, which involve the acquisition of necessary skills in the implementation of IT products, and the appropriate tools and channels to convey IT knowledge to learners (Sansanwal, 2009). The current societal trends require citizens to be well versed in accessing and communicating information through the newest technologies (Sansanwal, 2009). As a result, both teachers and students need to use the best means to build their competency in ICT. The use of telematic networks in various fields enables users to have unlimited access to information, as well as, flexibility of time barriers (Sansanwal, 2009). ICT has changed the traditional learning community due to the introduction of new learning and teaching settings that are based on virtuality (Mikre, 2011). These new teaching modalities require trainers to change their attitudes towards the teaching paradigms in order to take up the new educational concepts that incorporate flexible learning processes, and interactive bi-directional communication systems (Mikre, 2011). One of the key benefits of using ICT in education is the ability to interact and collaborate with other participants on a global platform in both real and asynchronous time. The application of ICT in the high school context requires extra effort from the educational authorities through the incorporation of “depth of ICT in the curriculum as a central to teaching and learning processes” (Mikre, 2011). In addition to this, educational authorities should also focus on increasing the capacity of teachers to educate the learners through the use of training programs. Such programs familiarize trainers with the new learning scenario, and allow them to take a central role in the development of a knowledge society (Mikre, 2011). Overview The creation of computers was not focused on enhancing the quality of teaching; however, researchers found them to be useful in the profession through various applications such as Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI), Computer Managed Instruction (CMI), and Computer Based Instruction (CBI) among others. These applications have been used to teach various subjects in schools, as well as, in higher learning. Studies on the efficacy of teaching using CAIs over conventional paradigms that employ lectures showed a significant improvement in the former for multiple subjects. For instance, supplemental CAI were observed to be effective in enhancing mathematics and spelling for mentally handicapped students through the interactive dialogue of language impaired children with computers (Leung, Watters, & Ginns, 2005). “The CAI activities involved setting goals, following instructions, accessing information to accomplish the ta
Following an interview carried out on a person who owns a security guard office, some information was gathered in relation to business success. According to the business owner, the secret of business success lies in several factors. One of these factors is having a well-established plan for the business. This plan can be either a budget or a plan for marketing. A budget helps one estimate the amount of income that he can generate in a given year and this helps in estimating the expenditure which has to be in proportion with the projected income. Marketing is one of the effective strategies to increase sales turnover. The owner observed that in the past year his business had had great success as a result of the marketing strategies he had laid down at the beginning of the year; one of them being an advertisement. The other secret behind business success is having a vision that specifies clearly what one wants to do in the future. In order to accomplish this vision, one should have some mission statements that show what is currently being done; this will pave way for achieving the vision. Success does not come easily, one has to work hard and be optimistic that he is not going to fail and focus on the bright future ahead. On being asked the most important quality of a business owner for the business to succeed, the security guard office owner said that one of the qualities is handwork. Another quality is that one has to have a good interpersonal relationship with others, this will help in knowing other people’s perspectives and one learns more about the business. He emphasized that one must be willing to seek advice from experts of the same business and this will help in gaining new techniques in solving problems. There is no maximum number of hours that a business owner is supposed to work on a given day. A business owner has to be fully engaged in the business. For the security guard owner, he said that he works for about sixteen hours and over per day. Employees are the most difficult people to manage in a business especially when they start to steal from the business. Employees can steal both business’s time and money and one has to be keen and harsh when dealing with them. They have different behaviors some are well behaved while others have intolerable behaviors and some m
Recent researches have confirmed that change is an important factor that an organization cannot afford to ignore if it expects to succeed in the current competitive market. Developing a change strategy that works is one of the most important factors that would determine success or failure of a firm in the market (Reiß, 2012). In this study, the researcher focuses on the small wins that come with development of an effective change strategy. The change strategy in this case would be simple and straightforward when it comes to its implementation. It will involve use video conferences by top management of the firm as a way of encouraging virtual conferences within this firm. In this strategy, there will be a shift from traditional style of having conferences in large offices in order to formulate policies for the organization. Top management will use this new strategy in order to ensure that they are able to discuss their strategies and challenges more frequently in order to find solutions and improve performance of the firm. In this strategy, an IT expert will be stationed in an office to coordinate the communication of the managers whenever they want to meet irrespective of their location on the globe. Each manager will be having all the instruments needed to make the conference a reality. The IT expert will have the responsibility of alerting the concerned officers when there is an online meeting to be held. This officer will inform these managers of the required time they should meet and the agenda of the meeting. The officer will get this information from the relevant office in the top management. When the meeting starts, the IT expert will ensure that the communication process proceeds without any interruptions as long as the gadgets used by individual conference members are in good condition. This will bring a ‘small win’ to the organization in several ways. Most managers always spend more time trying to come up with the best approach of how their operational units can perform better. In some of the cases, they are forced to make travels out of their offices in order to facilitate improved services offered by the units they manage. It is therefore, time consuming to leave their offices and travel to the headquarters for the meetings. Other officers also end up wasting their time waiting for other officers who arrive late at such meetings. This strategy is geared at eliminating this wastage and making this process more efficient and effective to the officers involved. This win will benefit this organization in various ways. The first benefit that will be generated from this change of strategy will be reduced time wastage. With this new approach to holding conference, officers will not have to move out of their offices when there is a conference needed. This means that if there is any delay in the meeting, other officers can continue with other tasks in their officers other than idling in the conference hall. This strategy w
Successful series of the teen drama television genre sustain themselves through a careful balance. On the one side, these dramas strictly adhere to the rules of the genre. On the other, they stretch its bounds, and in so doing, facilitate its evolution. An example of a teen drama that negotiates this balance effectively is Gossip Girl . Since its premiere in 2007, the show has maintained an audience, as well as its creative edge, by consciously respecting the conventions of the teen drama genre while simultaneously twisting it to suit an expanded purpose, namely, to root the series in the cultural and technological ethos of its audience. Gossip Girl’s innovative representation of technology as a character, via the faceless narration of the blogger, Gossip Girl herself, and the literal aural depiction of gossip as it goes viral via personal mobile devices in the Gossip Girl pilot episode, develops the teen drama genre to embrace the reality of technology in the lives of its fans. Teen drama genre conventions Thriving teen dramas share many elements with the soap opera genre in that they are relationship oriented. The majority of teen drama storylines delve into the interpersonal relationships, both sexual and platonic, of their main characters. These relationships typically teem with infidelity, longing, lust, heartbreak, betrayal, social war, and sometimes even violence. Gossip Girl mainly explores the tempestuous relationship between Serena and Blair. The love-hate encounters between Serena and Blair form the heart of the show, and crackle with jealousy, betrayal, l
Phases Discovery The first phase of the proposed project is the discovery phase. In any projects, it is primarily necessary to identify problems or issues that the project will address. Apart from the initial reason for which the project team decides to engage in specific activities and chooses the organization, group of people, or phenomenon to be addressed, there is also the background that needs to be explored before project activities are planned and approached. Therefore, research is a crucial element of the discovery phase. Various potential sources of information can be considered, but the selected sources will necessarily include those initiated and managed by the selected company itself (such as the company’s website and profiles in social networking services) and those created by external authors. The latter category will feature academic publications and research findings of studies that focused on JCPenney. Key activities of this phase are the collection of relevant information and its analysis. Information will be accessed online, both via the company’s official channels and via services that allow searching for academic papers (such as Google Scholar). It is not expected that any additional software or technology will be needed during the discovery phase. Participation in the phase will require the members of the project team to initially divide responsibilities and later exchange the results of their work: it is needed to ensure that time and efforts are not wasted (e.g., if two participants search for the same information) and to establish a proper pattern of cooperation. The latter skill will be needed further in the project, virtually in every phase. The results of this discovery process will be a well-formulated and specific problem statement and a certain amount of collected and processed background information that can be used in the next phase. It is expected that the discovery phase will fit into Week 1 (see Schedule). Strategy The next step is to plan the project based on the discovered information. In this regard, it is important to adopt the strategic approach, in which “a clear connection between a project charter and the enterprise mission…must be made stronger and much more explicit” (Patanakul and Shenhar 17). It means that, rather than addressing a specific issue in the form of reacting to particular problematic circumstances, the strategic approach addresses such issues in the larger context of pursuing general goals. The advantage of the approach is that, in the long term, it allows obtaining additional benefits apart from specific improvements pursued in a given project. Therefore, the strategy design phase of the proposed project should be viewed as the process of planning project activities in the context of the identified problem and in the context of general project goals that may not be specific to JCPenney. First of all, it is necessary to set objectives, translate them into project activities, and reinforce the action plan created as a result of such translation by developing a schedule. Technology is an important consideration because the members of the proje
Nestle’s Baby Formula Controversy Nestle’s baby formula marketing in Third World countries has become a conventional case which illustrates social responsibility and business ethics. The company entered the market of Third World countries without changing its strategies and marketing techniques. This was one of the company’s major faults which led to the international scandal and boycott of Nestle’s products in Third World countries. The company was accused of promotion of its products and discouraging breastfeeding among woman in developing countries (Davidson 2009). Various reports and surveys were conducted. Health care employees reported that the use of Nestle products led to malnutrition and even deaths in many cases (Cateora 2011). Nestle’s Responsibility It is necessary to note that even though the products were boycotted, many people advocated Nestle’s products. For instance, these people claimed that malnutrition and high rate of infant deaths was caused by social and economic situation in the countries, rather than by the use of Nestle products. Nestle also argued that in many cases women misused Nestle products which led to health problems or fatal cases. Besides, Nestle also stressed that the company never discouraged breastfeeding among woman in any country. On the contrary, the company always articulated the idea that breastfeeding is the best option. Nonetheless, Nestle also admitted that some of their marketing techniques needed rethinking (Frederick 2002, p.233). For instance, such practice as distribution of free products among women or nurses was seen as inappropriate. It goes without saying that Nestle can be regarded as an example of the multinational which can be socially responsible. Thus, when the company acknowledged that some of its practices were unethical or wrongful, it started reshaping its marketing strategies. Nestle followed the rules set by WHO and made a decision to start marketing its products only when particular laws and regulations would be enacted. Admittedly, this is an ethical and responsible position. Recommendations to Nestle However, the contemporary world brings new challenges to the fore. Thus, spread of HIV infection in Third World countries is the issue which needs drastic measures. In this respect, Nestle’s products can become one of the strategies which can reduce the rate of this infection spread. Reportedly, breastfeeding is one of the ways of HIV infection transmission. This matter has been one of the most disputable issues during the past decades (Moland et al. 2010). Scientists try to discover new ways to prevent this kind of transmission (Iliff et al. 2005). Apparently, there is one easy step to be undertaken. Thus, Nestle can address world public and assure Third World countries as well as WHO and developed countries that the company will start a campaign aimed at raising awareness concerning proper use of Nestle’s baby formula. For instance, the company can start up an advertising campaign. However, the major attention should be paid to the proper use of the product rather than the product itself. It is also essenti
Introduction Social, economic, and technological advances have dramatically increased the amount of information any individual can access or possess. Unfortunately, this has also brought about various challenges that must be addressed 1 . Generally, information is a vital treasure in itself, and the more one has the better. Having valuable, intellectual, economic, and social information creates enormous opportunities and advantages for any individual. Even though information is a treasure, it can also be a liability. Besides constantly seeking ways to acquire, keep, and dispose of it, users of information also want to make sure that what is seen and heard privately does not become public without their consent. In the present technologically advanced society, a number of factors have contributed to the high demand for information and hence the need for anonymity, security, and privacy. Increased public awareness of the potential abuse of digital communication, especially the Internet is one major concern for all stakeholders. To a large extent, most Internet users are concerned about privacy and do not want all the information they send or receive over the Internet to be connected to them by name 2 . This paper presents arguments indicating that it is critical for governments to impose restrictions on Internet privacy. According to Kizza 3 anonymity refers to the state of being nameless or having no identity. Since it is extremely difficult for anybody to live a meaningful life while being totally anonymous, there are different types of anonymity that exist including pseudo anonymity and untraceable identity. Pseudo anonymity is where one chooses to be identified by a certain pseudonym or code while untraceable identity implies that one is not known by any name. Anonymity and the Internet For many people, anonymity is one of the biggest worries as far as using the Internet’s is concerned. The virtual world may make it easier for dissidents to criticize governments, for alcoholics to talk about their problems and for shy people to find love 4 . However, anonymity also creates room for dishonest people to pose as children in chat rooms and criminals in order to hide from law enforcers. As such, Internet anonymity seems to cut both ways. Ac
Abstract The use of botox and surgery to enhance physical appearance has become a cultural phenomenon in contemporary society. In the past, beauty enhancement was mainly done by women. However, men are becoming more conscious about their appearances and, as a result, embracing botox and plastic surgery. Proponents of botox and plastic surgery argue that beauty enhancement includes increased confidence, improved mental and physical health, and access to more personal and professional opportunities. On the other hand, opponents of beauty enhancement reject it because of the medical risks and high cost involved, as well as the probability of death and addiction. The media has overemphasized the importance of botox and plastic surgery by creating unrealistic beauty standards that people in society are trying to live up to. This is influencing the young people negatively by encouraging them to undergo beauty enhancement procedures even though they are unnecessary. Introduction In contemporary society, many people are using both surgical and non-surgical methods to alter their looks in order to look more beautiful. For instance, botox is used to treat wrinkles and facial creases that are characteristic of old age in both men and women. Botox makes people look more beautiful by blocking the nerves that lead to muscles thus preventing contraction. The wrinkles and facial creases become soft and relaxed, thus giving people younger looks. In many cases, botox is used to treat forehead lines, frown lines, wrinkles, and lines around the eyes. Plastic and cosmetic surgeries are also used to enhance physical appearance. Procedures used to make people look younger and more beautiful include cosmetic dermatology, chin augmentation, liposuction, facelift (rhytidectomy), eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty), forehead lift, facial implants, rhinoplasty, breast surgery, otoplasty, tummy tuck, laser hair removal, and body contouring (Brand, 2012). These surgical procedures are used to make people of both genders look younger and more beautiful. The Rise of Plastic Surgery According to surveys, approximately 80% of all plastic surgery procedures conducted involve women. Women are more likely to feel conscious and insecure about their looks than men, and therefore, undergo surgery to look more beautiful. The most common procedures that women use to enhance their looks include botox, liposuction, facial surgery, and breast enhancement (Brand, 2012). More men are undergoing surgery primarily because of increased attention to how they look. Cosmetic procedures conducted in men are similar to those conducted on women. However, they have slight variations so that they can fit the masculine body shape. Examples of procedures common among men include rhinoplasty, hair implants, botox, and dermal fillers (Brand, 2012). Pros of Plastic Surgery The main purpose of conducting cosmetic surgery is to increase one’s physical appearance (Grant & Chen, 2010). This is one of the many benefits that plastic surgery provides. Other benefits include increased self-confidence, improved physical health, enhanced mental health, access to more opportunities, and reductio
Listening is a skill that allows individuals to pay attention to sounds or actions. When listening, one gives attention to what other individuals are talking about and their body expressions to understand what they are saying. The decree of listening involves detailed behavioral operations and mental processes. However, there are different listening types, including full listening, therapeutic listening, critical listening, and deep listening. Therefore, this essay argues that listening is essential to healthy communication because, without effective listening, messages are misunderstood. Various behaviors interfere with effective listening. One of the main detrimental behaviors is when individuals do not show interest in what other parties are saying. People often find themselves in conversations they are not interested in, thus reducing their interest in listening (Gu et al. 22). Another barrier to effective listening is distractions such as noise, uncomfortable sitting positions, poor lighting, and uncomfortable temperatures. These distractions disrupt our listening ability, leading to misunderstanding information. One-sided communication is also another barrier to interactive listening because an audience can easily get bored and lose interest in the speaker. One-sided communication entails speaking at length and not allowing others to contribute (Gu et al. 28). Consequently, it limits people from sharing ideas and evaluating a speaker’s words to note their meaning. Therefore, active listeners find solutions to inhibit these barriers for better outcomes. Active listening involves encouraging others to stay focused; this can only happen when an individual maintains eye contact and follows through with everything the speaker says. Similarly, good listeners observe nonverbal cues and try to understand them (Gu et al. 34). Moreover, active listeners ask questions frequently because they keep the conversation flowing. Listening is important for everyone because receiving first-hand information is beneficial for our understanding of activities and sounds. Work Cited Gu, Yongqi. “Types of listening.” TESOL Encyclopedia of English language teaching. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Electronic publication ahead of the print version. Published online 18 (2018).