ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Economic development in Jordan An Overview Jordan which has not been much in news of late is one of the Arab Kingdoms, A small country with harsh landscapes and not endowed with much natural resources. scarcity of water being a major problem. Population of Jordan mainly consists of Arabs and Palestinians, former outnumbering the latter. The country faces several problems like poverty, unemployment etc. typical of other underdeveloped countries in this region, with not much industrial development to speak of. However, some conscious steps by the government during the period from 2006-08 appear to have borne fruit and Jordan have been able to over come many of the problems. Government initiative One important step the government took was privatisation coupled with stopping of subsidies for petroleum and other goods. Foreign investment was accorded priority by the authorities, to stem the decreasing foreign grants. In 2008 Jordanian economy showed satisfactory trends with budget deficits reducing and enhanced flow of foreign investments creating favourable conditions in macro economics. There was increased domestic demand due to higher private consumption. In 2008 the purchasing power parity was estimated at $19.12 billion besides the real growth rate showing a figure of approx 5.8%.Unemployment rate is estimate at 12.9% and 30% respectively official and unofficial sources. During this period, the investment and public debt are estimated at 34.1% and 58.3% respectively. The country exported products like pharmaceuticals, vegetables, clothing, fertilizers etc. and grossed revenue to the tune of $ 6.521 billion from this. However the trade balance was negative with inputs vis-a –vis exports being higher. Real estate and construction sectors showed declines; with sale of cement showing decrease of 3.6% in early 2008 compared to 2007. Hospitality sector, an important driver of economic activity recorded an increase of 9.8% in the first three quarters of 2008. During this year, air traffic also increased by 14.9%. In fact the thrust to economy was a historical record high of 41.6% growth as compared to 2007. The foreign trade volume was up by 27% in 2008 but that was coupled with a 12% widening of trade deficit to total JD 5.11 billion in 2008, or 38% of GDP. (Jordan economic report.2009). The public sector performance and public revenues benefited from helpful economic conditions thereby achieving an increase of 19%. The shortage to GDP ratio was balanced around 5%. Total public debt increased by 4% in 2008 but the GDP ratio ceased at 10% below the 70% level. Banking sector in Jordan fared well with good performance, and the high gains in this sector can be a
Thesis The reformed educational system promoted change in China and created new opportunities for social, cultural and economic development which led to modernity in the Song period. As the most important, education opened new possibilities for wide population and improved knowledge and skills of the nation. It promoted technological innovations and art, cultural changes and relations with other states. As with other elite cultural movements of the highly educated at other times and in other places, the scholar-officials took pride in reactive or counter values, rejecting decorative qualities, technical skill, obvious impact or appeal to sentiment or emotion. Main text Educational reform promoted technological experiments and investigations in different spheres of life and science. Technological innovation was as important and even more distinctive of Song China–as social and economic change. The great inventions of the Song–the magnetic maritime compass, printing with woodblocks and movable clay type, gunpowder and firearms, and large-scale porcelain production–had worldwide importance when they spread eventually to the rest of the world and profound consequences for China in the economic, military, and social realms (Ebrey 13). Song China was the most technologically advanced state of its time, and the accompanying changes in social and economic organization were almost as significant, including large-scale manufacturing, interregional and international trade, and market-based economies. In the closely related cultural realm, Song China became a center of education and of information distribution, especially through the medium of printed books (Embree 34). Of equal importance for cultural history were artistic institutional reforms, including the training of artists at the National University and the establishment of competitive examinations for painters, as well as the publication of catalogs of imperial collections of ancient bronzes and paintings. the Jin regime claimed both political and cultural leadership over northern China, including patronage and preservation of the culture of highly educated gentlemen that had emerged during the late eleventh century, through the encouragement of scholars and poets. The Southern Song regime was under continuing diplomatic and military pressure from the north, first from the Jurchen and later from the Mongol conquerors of the Jin (Embree 39). The Mongols largely completed their conquest of China in 1276 when they took Hangzhou and the beleaguered last Song emperor threw himself into the sea. The precarious situation of the Southern Song court at Hangzhou, in terms both of military security and political legitimacy, encouraged a certain escapism and awareness of transience as a cultural style. Nonetheless, in society at large, the growth of a comm
Company Todd Park and Jonathan bush were pivotal in the formation of Athenahealth in 1997. The success of the company is, however, attributed to the effort of hired consultants from other companies. Training medical claims underwriters in the country were the primary vision of the company. This proved futile due to the nature of the healthcare environment and forced the company to diversify into software development (Udell, 28). This software enhances practice management services by physicians through the provision of an an-easy-to-use interface. After a series of frustrating failures, the company reinvented itself to focus on software products for healthcare facilities in the United States (Udell, 29). Missions and visions of Athenahealth As stated in the mission statement of Athenahealth, the company endeavors to be the most trusted service provider in the healthcare sector. According to the chairman of the company, innovative technology and the commitment of the people enabled the company to provide crucial assistance to physicians. Athenahealth envisions an institution with a strong foundation and the ability to offer support services to physicians across the country and beyond (Adler-Milstein and Robert, 351). Objectives of Athenahealth Athenahealth seeks to provide high quality, state of the art electronic health record software to hospitals in the country. It also endeavors to enhance the management and leadership abilities of physicians and healthcare professionals through quality training opportunities. Finally, the company seeks to provide a connection between the physicians and the patients to enhance service delivery (Udell, 27). Issues facing Athenahealth Despite the progress made by the company in the provision of the management healthcare system to healthcare facilities, it has faced a number of challenges. The inability of hospitals to upgrade their information technology systems limits the company’s entry into new markets. The Einhorn saga also affected the reputation of the company after it was implicated (Gold, 358). Works Cited Adler-Milstein, Julia, and Robert Huckman. “The Impact Of Electronic Health Record Use On Physician Productivity.” American Journal of Managed Care 19.1 (2013): 345-352. Print. Udell, Melody. “10 Minutes with Rob Cosinuke.” Marketing Health Services 34.3 (2014): 28-31. Print.
As the field of psychology has expanded, the number of theories and topics about human behavior that psychologists investigate has grown as well. Modern psychology accepts that there are various methods of approaching the study of human behavior. Instead of focusing on a specific theoretical approach or school of thought as was common in the late 20th century, modern psychology categorizes work in accordance to an area of specialty or perspectives. The major seven perspectives are distinct categories of approaching the study of behavior and conceptualizing psychological phenomena, with either being wrong or correct, but simply a unique way to examine a psychological topic. This paper will investigate the behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic perspectives. Behavioral The behavioral perspective focuses on studying human behavior as a response to an external observable stimulus. The approach emphasizes that all behaviors are learned via the stimuli interaction with the environment. Environmental factors influence behaviors to the point where innate or genetic factors are virtually insignificant. Therefore, all behavior is learned through what is known as classical or operant conditioning. The perspective is largely based on John Watson’s and Pavlov’s behaviorist approaches of the early 20th century. This perspective greatly values objective methods of investigation and the scientific method in the psychological study (Staddon, 2017). In application, this perspective is commonly used in education and parenting where children are taught appropriate behaviors. Therefore, when simplified, the process of rewarding children for completed chores is an example of reinforcement, an essential element of operant conditioning that produces a desirable behavior over time. Cognitive The cognitive perspective sees the human mind as an information processing unit, creating cognitive models on how information is processed and thus influences behavior. This may include aspects such as perception, memory, language, and consciousness, among others. The cognitive model emphasizes that a mediational process occurs between an external stimulus and its output behavior. Cognitive psychology believes that to understand behavior, it is necessary to study the meditative processes. In this perspective, human behavior is explained as a set of scientific processes, which can be explained through thought processes as a result of external stimuli (“Psychological perspectives,” n.d.). A common application of this perspective is during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). It takes a practical approach to problem-solving by altering patterns of thinking and mental processes in response to stimuli. As a result, individuals change the way they feel about certain triggers, and behavioral changes occur, with the underlying solution being cognitive processes modification. H
Trauma is an abnormal emotional response to specific situations and occurrences with long-lasting effects, which impair one’s ability to lead a healthy and happy life. A crisis can be defined as a period or point in time, which lacks stability and safety, rendering them dangerous to the affected communities or individuals (Van der Kolk, 2014). Trauma informed schools could be identified as one of the crisis intervention and suicide prevention frameworks designed to promote a higher degree of attentiveness and trauma awareness among key school or community figures, such as staff, teachers, administrators, and even parents. The effects of crises, disasters, and other trauma causing events can manifest themselves differently on the basis of the overall setting. For example, highly impactful settings can promote and facilitate a more severe case of traumatic experience, whereas less impactful conditions result in milder consequences and complications. In other words, the impact of crises, disasters, and other trauma-causing events is substantial since the effects can be long-lasting and even permanent. For instance, children can be considered as the most impressionable, and thus, vulnerable groups, whose trauma can severely impair their development, making them prone to other problems, such as depression, drug abuse, or suicidality (Van der Kolk, 2014). The key principles of crisis interventions are victim stabilization, understanding facilitation, problem solving, and self-reliance promotion. Therefore, it is important to be quick at identifying the victims and stabilizing their reaction towards an event, which is followed by more informative principles of improving the general understanding of the situation. Thirdly, the focus needs to be put potential solutions to the issue at hand, where the last stage is the encouragement of self-reliance and autonomy.
A team performance measurement is the review of workers’ job performance. This is done to meet the company’s’ goals and objectives. There has to be employees’ assessment so as achieve these goals. Much of work done in companies or industries is as a result of teams. There are various team measurement methods which have been applied for the success of organizations. Functional requirement of a group includes simultaneity or sequencing. Simultaneity is when team members do a task at the same time, whereas sequencing means that the output of one member is the input to another’s task. According to William (2003), team performance is measured when different levels of analysis are put into consideration. This includes individual, team, and organizations. Team functioning is categorized into input and output. In input, team processes are put into consideration. Output is the outcome of the task. A measure of team performance in training helps to diagnose problems and skill development. Experts are able to point out areas that need to be in team function. Sample surveys help the experts to give details of team members’ function. Teams’ assessment is useful in selection of team members in a given task. As a manager of a health care team, there are factors that would be considered when measuring team’s performance in a health care organization. These include the reason for measurement, the method of assessment, the behaviors to be assessed, time expense and response qualification. The reason for problem identification is to get the attributes, which are behavioral skills such as assertiveness. This can be measured by looking at members who highlight others’ mistakes. Stimulus is another reason for identification, which is to elicit behaviors of team members. Quantification is also measured in form of questionnaires where team members write down their thought and they can also use tapes. The challenges faced in such scenario include resistance, errors in evaluation, and coming up with evaluation criteria. Employees may resist because of fear of low rating. For their performance to be effective it should be planned early, and telling the employees what is expected of them. Errors in evaluation are challenges because one characters’ rating may influence the evaluator’s rating for others. Determ
Introduction: a Global Company Exploring New Areas In light of the recent entrance into the global economy realm, Company X has been considering the necessity to enter new markets that lay outside the current geographical boundaries of the firm’s expertise. Although the Western and Northern Europe markets can be viewed as a rather favorable environment for developing business, becoming the leader in the designated areas has recently turned increasingly complicated due to the Significance of Expanding into Other States: New Markets The importance of expanding a company and exploring its options in foreign markets is an essential practice that leads to a significant increase in the firm’s profit. By acquiring new customers and promoting itself to a larger population., the firm is likely to Factors Defining the Firm’s Readiness to Expand Apart from the positive factors that characterise the firm as ready to enter new markets, there are several negative ones demanding that Company X should explore its options somewhere else apart from the Northern and Western parts of Europe. The increasingly high competition issues re the first and the most obvious reason. Seeing that the company operates in the industry that has already been dominated by larger and more powerful corporations, it is reasonable to assumed that Company X should consider becoming a leader in the states where competition rates are somewhat smaller. Political Risks Outside the Western and Northern Europe: Analysis Military Disturbances As a rule, the countries that are defined as developing have political reasons for lacking economical advancement. Specifically, the problems related to military conflicts coming in all sorts and shapes, from a rebellion to consistent terrorist attacks, deserve to be mentioned. Operating in the specified conditions is very dangerous for an average organization, as he lives of its members may be jeopardized. For instance, the notorious Syrian Civil War and the involvement of Russia in the conflict, which started in 2011 and has been going on since (Schmidt 2014; Bagdonas 2012), is likely to be a major threat to the firm in case of shifting its area of operations East and considering the use of services located in the vicinity of the military zone. Apart from the obvious risk of a military attack, the company will be facing the threats of failing to meet deadlines due of the highly likely transportation issues emerging as a result of the above-mentioned attacks (Daud 2012). The insurgency in the North Caucasus can be viewed as another complicated military issue that may affect the wellbeing of Company X once it enters the designated market (Aliev 2013)
Executive Summary ABC Handmade Paper Industry is a Canadian company engaged in the manufacture of handmade paper and its products. Starting production in the year 2003, the company has come a long way in providing quality handmade paper and its products to customers throughout Canada. After achieving a niche in customer satisfaction at home, the company now plans to extend its services to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Environmental pollution is a great threat to humankind. Handmade paper contributes towards minimizing this pollution. The reason being it helps in stopping deforestation because the raw material for handmade paper is cotton and not wood. The company has a team of expert and well trained craftsmen who deliver innovative products that are unique and elegant. It is the first time that a company is setting up its own paper conversion unit in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The paper sheets shall be imported directly from Canada. Quite a few jobs will also be created for the Saudi youth who have completed their studies and are on the lookout for a rewarding career. Introduction Owing to the new inventions in modern science and technology and the subsequent rapid industrialization and modernization, life has become very fast. People step out of their homes in the mornings and by the time they return back during the evenings or nights, they are so exhausted that they don’t have time to pay attention to something that seems not related to them. But there is one thing that we all ignore in spite of the fact that we all are related to it and our existence solely depends on it. It is none other than our mother earth. We have stopped thinking about the issues that are affecting the ecological system of the earth. As we all know, paper is manufactured from wood pulp. And to get this wood pulp, hundreds and thousands of trees are cut every day. Available statistics indicate that around 4 billion trees are cut annually, around the world, to cater to the world’s paper needs. Trees, as we all know, are part of our nature. If we interfere in the process of nature, there are bound to be dangerous outcomes or after-effects. One of the most dangerous after-effects of deforestation is the global warming. Deforestation changes the climate, towards a negative impact on that particular region. Areas where deforestation has been carried out are bound to have soil erosion as a result of which the land becomes infertile. Other drawbacks of deforestation are decrease in animal habitat, frequent floods and drought. “Climate changes that have swept our planet had impact on many natural disasters that happened on our earth. And one way to tackle climate change is planting a lot of trees to maintain the balance of nature” (Globalgiving). In such circumstances, it becomes the duty of all of us to either minimize the use of paper (made from wood) or think of some substitute to the current raw material (wood) of paper. Handmade paper, though centuries old, is not known to most of the people. The reason, probably, are the traditional methods being used in the manufacture of handmade paper and the lack of awareness among t
Assimilation and Originality Culture is an acquired compliment of a long interactive process. It depends on the period of time in which an individual is exposed to the interactive process and level of internalization of the subculture. Reflectively, culture varies from one geographic region to another. Besides, subcultures are unique in terms of beliefs, practices, and communicative gestures or language. A subculture defines the physical and spiritual interactive traits of its members who are united by a sense of belonging and desire for identity. Subcultures around the globe are unique in practices surrounding language, dressing style, religious affiliation, and philosophical beliefs. These processes are a lifetime and may not be easily changed despite the assimilation of new ideas or ways of life. Reflecting on these life experiences has contributed positively to the remaining firm within a culture despite the assimilation of other ways of life in terms of cultural orientation. Besides, the person assimilating will have to appreciate contributions from family, religion, school life, and interaction among peers in defining cultural ambitions and life experiences that cannot be changed when new ways of life are assimilated. When a person understands his or her true identity and the factors monitoring its development, the assimilation process would only lead to temporary alterations that will balance upon complete exposure to new ideas. Often, culture is an independent, flexible, respectful, and appreciative person of different cultural backgrounds despite the possibility of assimilating new ideas while keeping the original ones. After reviewing life experiences, an individual can paint a clear picture of what life is about and what to stand for in defining culture while maintaining originality in the process of assimilating new ways of life. Things Destroying the African American Community Human beings function on thoughts, behavior, and feelings, which are part of the building blocks of a family. The state of drug abuse in the African American community has lead to the possible effects of disorders such as social stigma, parent neglect, and general misunderstandings. For instance, domineering mothers or despondent guardians are likely to create an environment of anxiety and low self-esteem among their children and eventually dispose of them to substance abuse. Besides, overindulgence in alcoholism, crime, and aggressiveness has motivated low tolerance to distracters and frustrations among members of this community, as indicated in the film. As a result, the community has become poor in stress management, communication, and security. Normally, unemployment is associated with domestic violence. Lowly paid and undereducated men usually suffer from alcohol consumption, delinquency, and incarceration. In addition, men usually lose their confidence when they are not able to provide for