ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Investment promotion in free zones requires the use of specific marketing methods. According to Van Den Berghe (2020), since free zones are part of a country, they depend on the competitiveness of their country. It means that investors may be aware of the country but may not know that the country has a free zone with valuable investment opportunities. For this reason, one best marketing strategy to attract investors is to make sure that stakeholders involved in the country promotion are aware of the free zone and include it in their marketing plans (Van Den Berghe, 2020). Collaborating with investment promotion agencies (IPAs) to raise awareness about free zones and encouraging organizations to share information about the prospects whose projects are suitable for free zones are examples of implementing this strategy (Van Den Berghe, 2020). In addition, free zones are often positioned as distinct from the country in which they are located (Papadopoulos et al., 2016). In their promotional activities, free zones try to emphasize the benefits of their location, including their potential to provide connections to neighboring economies (Papadopoulos et al., 2016). Investors should clearly understand the offer of a free zone seeking their investments. To communicate their offer to investors, free zones use a variety of marketing approaches and channels. Van Den Berghe (2020) emphasizes the need for free zones to establish a distinctive brand, which should include a logo and other attributes. Loewendahl (2018) stresses the importance of choosing the right marketing channels for sharing information about investment opportunities. The leading sources of information for investors appear to be a dialogue with industry peers, business travel, newspaper and magazine articles, and meetings with IPAs (Loewendahl, 2018). Although the first two sources can hardly be influenced by marketers, the other two sources should be effectively used in investment promotion activities. Table 1 also shows marketing techniques that turned out to be the most effective in attracting investors. The Internet is the most effective marketing technique because it allows for information sharing with investors without any time and space constraints (Khairil, 2017). However, for the Internet to be truly effective in marketing, it should align with the entire marketing strategy, a
Introduction In his article In Defense of Classical Natural Law in Legal Theory, Phillip Soper attempts to reevaluate the principles of contemporary legislation. The main argument that this author makes is an extreme injustice disqualifies official directives from being a law (Soper, 202). Moreover, he believes that legislation should be based on grounded and meaningful moral judgment. This paper is aimed at critiquing the ideas expressed by Phillip Soper from the perspective of legal positivism. The absence of universal moral standards One of the main reasons why legal positivists support the separation of law and ethics is the absence of the universal ethical standards that are applied across countries, cultures, or communities. When Soper speaks about ethical aspects of law, he does not mention that ethics incorporate a great number of approaches that often contradict one another. In most cases, they do not give the same answers to the same questions (Perry, 38). For instance, utilitarianism can justify even immoral acts such as murder or theft provided that they improve the welfare of the community. In contrast, deontological ethics attaches more importance to the internal obligations of a person. Moreover, this philosophy places emphasis on the value of each individual. The famous utilitarian slogan, “the greatest good for the greatest number” is not usually recognized or tolerated by deontologists (Hendrick, 9). Thus, these ethical approaches will offer very different answers about the morality or immorality of a law. Moreover, it is hardly possible that these conflicting ethical theories can be reconciled. So, one cannot ensure that even very rational people can blend law and morality. The separation of law and morality is also necessary it prevents people from misinterpreting the law. The main problem is that a judge or lawyer will have to look for the universal moral law while taking his/her decisions, and it is rather unlikely that this person will cope with this task. Most likely, this person will follow his/her intuitive understanding of moral principles. This is one of the most critical limitations in the ideas expressed by Phillip Soper. His argument implies that there is some higher moral law that is understood by every individual. However, he does not provide any sufficient evidence to support this viewpoint. Certainly, Philip Soper attempts to show that there are moral principles that should be recognized by every individual. In particular, he points out that numerous crimes were committed by people in totalitarian states that could impose very harsh or unjust laws that ran against every ethical theory (Soper, 202). The most
Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel was the most famous commander in Germany during the Second World War. He was born on 15 th November 1891. He was the second born of the four other siblings in his family. At the early age of 14 years, Eugene was interested in pursuing a career as an engineer after he and his friend managed to construct a full-scale glider that was able to travel for a short distance. His ambitions to become an engineer were fully demonstrated by his technical interests and abilities. His father however had different plans for him and for the sake of not letting his father down; he started his career as an officer in the 124 th Wurttemberg Infantry Regiment in 1910. He later joined the Danzig cadet school where he graduated in 1911 and became a Lieutenant in 1912 (Hans, p22). Since the start of his military career, Erwin demonstrated a strong character of brevity and this was one of the qualities required for a great leader at a time that was characterized by wars. He was very brave in all the wars that he took part in starting in 1914. In 1915, he received an award owing to his brevity which has been referred to as the Iron Cross Class 1. In 1916 he has reassigned his duties to the Eastern front region where he was to fight against the Rumanians. He was later transferred to the west to fight on Mount Cosna and Caporetto. For his success at the Caporetto, he was awarded a rare award in the military, “The Pour le Merite,” which was meant for very reserved generals. Erwin has then appointed another duty in the junior staff where he worked until the end of the war. In late 1918 he has reassigned his duties at the Weingarten. He was then sent to be in charge of an internal security company in Friedrichshafen in 1919. Erwin then became a school instructor to the infantry school in Dresden. During his teaching career, he demonstrated his writing skills by writing and publishing his first book, “Infantry Attacks” which was mainly addressing his experiences during the World War 1 wars (Desmond, p47). In 1933 he was promoted to a major position and posted to work in Goslar. Here he was in charge of a mountain battalion. In 1935 he was then promoted to be a Lieutenant Colonel and he was to serve as a teacher in the war academy. His appointment as a teacher in the schools indicated that he must have had the character of a good teacher one of which must be he was a very good oral communicator. By the year 1938, he had managed to win the position of commander of the War Academy but this was only short-lived since he had to leave at the outbreak of World War II. His career was still advancing and he got himself a position as a Major General. During the period of the Polish campaign, he was appointed to command Adolph Hitler’s Body Guard. He was a fast learner and he did not fail to realize the opportunities that lay in th
Stereotyping refers to when people have a collective perception towards some people in a group. In intergroup relations stereotyping causes people to be misguided about each other. This is because the individuals in one group judge the other group members according to the encounters they have had with people who are from the same background. Schwartz (2007) points out that this collective opinion about others is wrong because a nasty experience involving one member of a given group cannot gauge the entire group simply because few individuals cannot represent a community or a race. While analyzing groups its important to consider individual character because stereotyping can lead to misunderstanding and miscommunication. This implies that intergroup relations should take place at a personal level and the weaknesses of one individual should not be used to gauge the entire group. Levels of Discrimination Discrimination is the denial of equal opportunity to someone, just because he/she does not share common characteristics or views with you. For instance an employer can deny equal employment opportunity to women hence the bias is based on their gender. Gender discrimination is the highest level of discrimination across the globe because most communities do not reckon that women are equally competent like their male counterparts. Racial discrimination is the other level of discrimination because people of specific races mainly inhabit the geographical regions and thus, people from other races are biased because they are thought to be inferior because of their looks. For instance Africans may be denied equal employment opportunities not because they are not qualified but because of their race. The third level of discrimination revolves around religion. This is whereby some people think that their religion is more sacred than others are and thus, assume that other religions are false. This causes people who belong to that religion to be isolated and denied equal opportunities; for instance, Muslims can be denied the freedom of assembly in a Christian nation because they are thought to be terrorists. Meaning of Robert E. Park’s statement The statement of Robert concerning the fate of a marginalized person suggests that the victim struggles to be what the society expects him to be while retaining his identity. This happens when one interacts with people from different cultural background because he/she has to adapt to the culture of the host. This causes a lot of confusion because in as much as he/she wants to adopt the new culture he/she remains attached to his/her cultural background. When one adopts new culture, it is because he/she wants to be accepted by the majority with a different cultural background. From another perspective, the statement suggests that the fate of the marginalized person rests
Either/ or phrase explains two possible situations. It has its roots from Kierkegaard’s critique of the Hegelian philosophy, for its contradiction in solving of solutions, involving a hypothesis that a thesis evolves into an antithesis and that the two results into a new thesis. He disputed this contraction to the truth and law and claimed his belief in existence revolved around the aesthetic, ethical and religion. Moreover, the aesthetic and the ethical incorporate either/or perception. Kierkegaard revealed that either/or does not imply living aesthetically or ethically, but a blend of the two, which leads to the ultimate goal of living a Christian life (Kierkegaards 68). Personal domain and the civil field of existence constitutes of the aesthetic and ethical aspects, respectively. Individuals have their low and high moments in life and they are granted the choice of ignoring or getting involved in the activities taking place in their environment. Some individuals are carried away by both the aesthetic and the ethical life, which requires religion to be involved to solve these contradicting domains. In one of his books, Kierkegaard described that individuals are usually hidden behind the one they normally see; something that gives rise to their individuality spirit. The idea of representation remains a firm ideology in people of middle Ages. A single individual represents totality; which is however, a single aspect portraying his individuality. Another individual is a representative of another aspect that too, is a representation of another aspect in life. This is the reason why individuals are given different titles with some referred to as knights while others are simply acknowledged as laymen. Either/or aims at emphasizing Aristotelian logic that includes the identicality of something to itself; the knowledge that something cannot be true and false at any one distinct time and that an item is either itself or not – these are the laws of identity, no contradiction and excluded middle. In his work, the science of Logic in 1812, Hegel critiqued the static approach of Aristotle’s laws. He formulated Aristotle’s laws by adding some of his dialectical logic that he thought was more becoming and dynamic. Hegel emphasized the inaccuracy of Aristotle’s laws. He claimed that always things have more than one side to them; others portray the ability to show the traits of other things as well as that of it. He further claimed that a thing exist, and at the same time can fail to exist. These suggestions acted to nullify the laws Aristotle work for a long time. In 1844, Kierkegaard spoke ill of Hegel for incorporating the term “Actuality” in explaining of logic as a way of gaining popularity of making logic seem an easy concept. This led people to choosing either the highest or the lowest achievements, which are far from what logic is about. Kierkegaard further claimed that this inclusion is not right as having both terms in a person leads
Introduction: Communication Technologies Come to the Rescue It is hard to deny that communication technologies play a great role in the lives of billions of people all over the world. With the rise of technology and the surge of innovations that have opened new possibilities for communication between the people in different parts of the world, ordinary live conversation seems to have faded into the background, making more room for new means of communication. Because of the current fascination with technological advances and the active use of the latter, people are rapidly losing the skills of live communication, which is likely to lead to a number of difficulties in socializing, both concerning people’s personal life and business affairs. Reaching for the Most Remote Corners of the World: The Positive Aspects One of the most obvious advantages of communication technologies is the fact that with the help of the latter, one can keep in touch with the people who live miles away, which would be completely impossible without the recent innovations. Therefore, it can be concluded that with the help of the current developments, the distance between the subjects of communication is no longer a problem, not to mention the fact that new forms of media have offered the methods for distanced learning (Atkin 71). However, there are still a lot of issues about communication technologies that need to be revisited. Getting Lost in the Virtual Reality: Where Technologies Fail Losing touch with the real world is the hazard that everyone has talked about; ironically enough, even the new forms of media that the given problem concerns have been used to discuss it. Indeed, with the growing impact of social network, people seem to be losing the skills of live communication, which is likely to lead to considerable problems in future. Moreover, frequent use of technology as a communication tool can lead to negative social effects, such as the need to stay anonymous (Levi 262). Hence, the threat of deindividualization becomes much more tangible: “The members of virtual groups are more anonymous. This leads to what psychologists call deindividualization, which is the loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension caused by feeling anonymous” (Levi 262). It is worth mentioning, though, that the latter concerns rather online chatting than the use of mobile phone or social networking. Humans vs. Machines: Concerning the Probable Prospects Hence, it seems that technologies will definitely be of great help in providing high-quality means of keeping in touch. However, it still must be admitted that technologies will never be able to replace personal contact, while they should not. According to Partee, live communication is essential for people: “We humans need personal contact to communicate values” (Partee ix). It is clear that once the current communication technology takes over the world, the tradition of personal conversation will disintegrate into a mess, since people will most likely lose the necessary skills required for a live conversation. Another Means to Raise the Stakes: Technologies Have a
Introduction Despite major achievements in terms of technology and economics, poverty continues to be a global concern. Nearly a billion people around the world have to live for 1.9 dollars per day, which is negligent compared to how much wealth is generated annually. Despite the enormous magnitude of the issue, this social problem is not addressed adequately due to several reasons. Lack of attention from mass media companies and news agencies, as well as ineffective measures such as in comprehensive strategies, are some of the examples of why the issue is not being addressed properly. This paper provides an analysis of the problem using the concepts drawn from sociological theory. Historical Perspective The issue of poverty is not attributed to a single country or a region. Instead, the problem has a global scope and has been present for many hundreds of years. According to the data that has been collected since 1820, the portion of the population living in extreme poverty has been decreasing (Roser & Ortiz-Ospina, 2017). For instance, during the first half of the 19th century, more than 80% of the population lived below the extreme poverty line, which is defined as living for less than 1.9 international dollars per day (Roser & Ortiz-Ospina, 2017). An international dollar can be considered as a conceptual currency that accounts for inflation and the average price of goods. The number of people living in poverty did not change dramatically in the 19th century. This percentage had decreased throughout the 20th century – it was 70% in the 1920s but went down to 50% in the 1970s, and to 20% in the 1990s (Roser & Ortiz-Ospina, 2017). Today, this number is approximately 10%, which may serve as the indication that the issue of poverty has been addressed adequately (Roser & Ortiz-Ospina, 2017). Calculating poverty rates as the percentage of the whole population may provide a false picture, however. Since the 1820s, the actual number of people living in poverty has been stable – around 1 billion people have had to struggle to survive and feed themselves (Roser & Ortiz-Ospina, 2017). This stagnation is an indication that the problem
The selected article for this paper is “Handling Customer and Consumer Complaints” by Ole Dosland. The article was found on the Quality Assurance magazine. This discussion presents a detailed summary of the article and personal thoughts about the subject matter. Article Summary The thesis of this article is that proper handling of various complaints presented by customers can address the consequences associated with them (Dosland). According to the author, a complaint usually reveals the presence of a poor customer service delivery. Serious complaints can result in lawsuits, recalls, or product returns. These costly events have the potential to affect a business’ reputation. Companies that offer appropriate services and experiences to their customers will eventually record positive business performance. The author goes further to argue that a company that analyzes different complaints will eventually improve its business operations. Continuous improvement should be embraced in order to increase the loyalty of different consumers. The article goes further to outline a powerful strategy that can be used to address various complaints. The purpose of the strategy is to solve the existing problems and eventually improve the customer’s experience (Dosland). The first step is ensuring that the customers can inform the company about the existing problems. Firms should train and encourage their workers to collect quality information from their customers. The information can then be used to address their concerns. The second approach is ensuring that every business has an effective complaint-handling strategy. The process can be tested using fabricated customer problems (Dosland). This practice will present new improvements that can eventually deliver positive results. The last idea described in the article is the continuous analysis of customers’ problems. Companies that analyze the unique problems affecting their stakeholders will lead to better practices. Such firms can produce superior products to meet their customers’ changing demands. Such products can also compete successfully in the market. Finally, the article presents several trends that should be embraced by companies whenever addressing various consumer problems. For instance, the author indicates that the expectations of customers continue change every day. Modern technologies, social networks, and handheld devices are empowering more customers than ever before (Singh 87). Companies should use powerful strategies to monitor and address their customers’ complaints. Personal Thoughts About the Subject Matter I strongly believe that the author of this article