ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction   * Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases.   * More than 6 million American children are currently diagnosed with asthma.   * About 20 million adult patients treat asthma annually (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018).   * $100 is an approximate annual medical cost of asthma per child in the US. Today, asthma is known as one of the most common respiratory diseases in the United States, as well as in the whole world. It affects both, children and adults, and includes a variety of symptoms from a regular cough to insomnia because of shortness of breath. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018) reports that about 6 million children and 20 million adults are currently diagnosed with asthma. It is a burning problem for the US government because it is stated that about $100 should be spent on one child’s treatment plan (Zahran, Bailey, Damon, Garbe, & Breysse, 2018). Regarding such facts and urgency of asthma issues in the American society, one should know how to develop SOAP notes and underline the most important information. Case Presentation Patient : Kelly, a 10-year-old white girl. CC : “I feel it is difficult for me to breathe in deeply when I play with my friends.” HPI : The girl’s mother started worrying about her breathing complaints three days ago. Kelly feels pain from time to time and cannot play with her friends all the time she wants. No medications are taken. PMH : No surgeries, no allergies. Pneumonia at the age of 4. Social history: She lives with her parents. The father is a smoker. The patient is delivered to the hospital by her mother. Kelly is a 10-year-old white girl who admits that she cannot easily breathe when she plays with her friends and run outside. Her mother observed these health changes three days ago but did not decide to take some medications. The girl was treated for pneumonia six years ago. No surgeries neither allergies are reported by the mother. In their family, the father is a regular smoker. Smoking is one of the risk factors of asthma for patients (Ierodiakonou et al., 2016). Therefore, the girl could be exposed to indirect smo
This paper will analyze the most significant events of the Cold War. On March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill delivered the banking Iron Curtain speech (Fink, 2017). This speech was the West’s Cold War manifesto against Russia. Churchill called for a fraternal union of the Anglophone nations and announced the rise of the Iron Curtain. The next turning point in the Cold War was the Truman Doctrine, proclaimed by US President Harry Truman on March 12, 1947. The president requested $400 million from the government for Turkey and Greece. Eventually, the Greek and Turkish governments became under the control of the United States. In the same year, 1947, on June 5, the American politician George Marshall put forward a program to help Europe after the Second World War. The aim was to rebuild Europe’s economy and expel communists from power structures. The confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War resulted in international crises. One such crisis was the Berlin Airlift, which lasted from June 24, 1948, to May 12, 1949 (Fink, 2017). This was due to the Soviet Union’s blockade of the Western Allies’ road routes through East Germany. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created on April 4, 1949, to safeguard the world against the risk of military confrontation amidst the Cold War. The main aim was to ensure the security of all NATO members. At the end of June 1950, the Korean War broke out (Fink, 2017). The preconditions for the war were set immediately after World War II, when Japan, which had controlled the Korean peninsula since 1910, withdrew its troops. In the late 1940s and mid-1950s, the phenomenon of McCarthyism was born in the US (Fink, 2017). It is named after its creator Joseph McCarthy. McCarthyism was a policy of administrative harassment to combat the Communist Party of the United States. The USSR made a scientific breakthrough in the field of space during the Cold War. On October 4, 1957, the first artificial satellite was launched by a Sputnik launch vehicle. For the first time, rocket engines with a total power of millions of horsepower were tested. Apart from the technical confrontation, a military one was still in force. In response to the Soviet Union’s attempt to use the Suez crisis as an excuse to invade Egypt, the Eisenhower Doctrine was issued on January 5, 1957. Under this doctrine, any country could request economic or military assistance from the US. Another Cold War episode that took place on May 1, 1960, is the U-2 Incident. During the incident, a Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft was shot down in Soviet airspace. The incident took place two weeks before the East-West meeting and was a severe blow to the reputation of the United States. On April 7, 1961, an operation organized by the Americans in the Bay of Pigs took a decisive turn in Cuba. The attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro’s government ended with the victory of pro-Commun
In 1983, director John Landis helmed a movie that took a comedic yet serious look at how society and its culture, values, traditions, and expectations shape a person. The film “Trading Places” starred comedy geniuses Dan Akroyd and Eddie Murphy as Louis Winthorpe III, a top Wall Street stockbroker, and Billy Ray Valentine, a street hustler, respectively who are used in a study of human behavior by the Duke brothers named Mortimer and Randolph (Don Ameche and Ralph Bellamy). The theory of the brothers is that once the social circumstances of a rich man are altered, he shall turn to a life of crime. While, when the circumstances of a poor man are altered, he will rise above his original station in life and become a success. After wagering a dollar bet, the brothers proceeded to choose the men whose lives they would alter. Choosing Winthorpe and Valentine, they hatch and enact an elaborate plan that sees Winthorpe lose everything he worked for in his life, his social status, and his girlfriend while also landing himself in jail for a trumped upcharge. At the same time, Valentine lives the life of Winthorpe and proves that even an uneducated man can rise above his shortcomings in life once given a chance to do so. What he lacked in education, he made up for using his powers of observation and street smarts. Winthorpe struggles to rise above the gutter he suddenly found himself in with no success at the start. But, after Valentine accidentally overhears a conversation between the Duke brothers pertaining to their successful experiment, Valentine decides to help Winthorpe turn the tables on the brothers and teach them that people’s lives cannot be played with and that human beings are not guinea pigs that they can freely experiment on. This movie can be considered to be based in part upon the nature versus nurture discussion as it pertains to human behavior. As we can glean from the bet made by the Duke brothers, they supposed that man has an unknown basic nature that he shall turn to in order to survive once the familiar situation he was originally in is threatened, altered, or, as in the case of Winthorpe, taken away from him. Winthorpe, although obviously raised and living in an affluent manner, did what he had to do in order to survive once he lost everything that made him who he was. Turning to the life of crime by attacking the office he once worked for was exactly what the Duke brothers hoped he would do. Thus proving that the most basic instinct of man is surviv
After the several decades after the first Informational Technologies invention, they have spread around the globe and became an essential part of the infrastructure in every organization. According to Nicholas Carr (2003), through time IT has evolved from a competitive advantage in business into a commodity (p. 44). It means that Informational Technologies are no longer regarded as an innovation that helps companies to outstand among their competitors in the market and rather have become a necessary means of business maintenance and conduction. In the present-day situation, the organizational leaders cannot simply rely on technological advancement but need to elaborate and design a strategic and innovative approach towards IT usage that would provoke beneficial outcomes. In the article “IT doesn’t matter,” Carr (2003) claims that every technologic innovation sooner or later becomes ubiquitous and conventional (p. 42). It is mentioned that technological evolvement is cyclic and is constituted of several phases. When a commercial potential of a technology is recognized, it provokes the increase of investments in it that consequently leads to commercial expansion (Carr, 2003). At the first phase, the technology remains expensive and inaccessible for the vast majority of entrepreneurs and common people. It happened in the case of IT as well. In the 70s and 80s, only large and prominent enterprises could afford informational innovations. At that time, IT technologies increased competitiveness drastically and provided the growth of business effectiveness and efficiency. However, in the ending phase of the technological evolvement cycle, the advantageous characteristics diminish – the technology becomes affordable and accessible for everyone. Nowadays, IT has become an intrinsic part of everyday life. Each individual face technologies in the multiple aspects of social performance: personal, academic, and professional. IT is used to maintain the infrastructural organization in every company no matter how big or small it is. Although infrastructural technologies are essential to the information and knowledge management, and it helps to solve various managers’ and employees’ tasks, the organizational leaders cannot expect that they will obtain the opportunities for advantage once they have purchased an advanced IT equipment. Nowadays, the competitive advantages are developed and maintained by those who have a “superior insight into the use of new technology” (Carr, 2003, p. 43). By the nature of things, one deals with technologies at the workplace on an everyday basis. According to personal observation, it is possible to say that IT facilitates working processes dramatically. For example, it helps to communicate with colleagues on distances – it is possible to conduct business conferences even with partners from different countries. In this way, technologies
Crime and gangster movies always exhibit a correlation in sense that they are both developed from the sinister actions that are always associated with gangsters. A gangster is a broad term that is used to generally used to refer to those people who do not operate within the boundaries of the law; for instance bank robbers, drug traffickers, underworld figures, outlaw hoodlums who are involved in constant killing of the innocent and many more. The gangster movies always tend to idolize the gangster figures with a relation to the sinister activities that always define crime and the lifestyles of the gangsters (Dirks par.1). It cannot be argued yet, but the crime culture can be attributed to the rapid revolution of the crime and gangster movies since they were first produced. The theme behind almost all gangster movies is always the same although the crime genre has seen a tremendous transformation over the years. Gangster films often tend to highlight the life events of a crime figure or the victims of crime and in most cases they attempt to glorify a given criminal figure or gang in the cast (Dirks par. 2). The idolized gangster in the film or in real life situation is always presented as an outlaw hero who draws admiration due to his toughness to go against the system, and in some cases the criminal figure is portrayed as villain to the society. Almost all gangster films have the same plot and theme characteristic; the film gangsters are always presented as being materialistic, and tough to outdo the legal system and procedures. The plot characteristic is always based on criminal or gang rivalries that attempt to outdo each other. Crime culture and gangster films have been around since the onset of the 20 th century. Among the first movies under this genre was the film by D. W. Griffith during 1912: The Musketeers of Pig, The movie was basically about organized crime. It marked history as the first significant gangster movie that has survived against the tales of time. Other examples of early criminal movies included The Moonshiners which was produced during 1904, A desperate encounter between the Burglars and police (1905) produced by Edwin Potter and Mc Cutcheon Wallace, and the Black Hand (1906) by the same producers. Their availability and significance was very problematic at the times and resulted to them not being a major hit at the box office during those times. The early gangster films made use of rebellious figure as the main center point of the film to challenge the system and the business ethics, through which the gangsters made a successful career illegally. This meant that gangsters were respectable in the society irrespective of the unethical means of wealth acquisition (Dirks par. 5) During 1915, the gangster movie genre witnessed a different transformation; one charact
Compare and contrast three key similarities and three differences between mental illnesses and mental disorders. Provide one example of each similarity and difference to support your response. Emotional well-being or mental health is a condition of prosperity in which the individual understands his or her capacities, abilities to withstand worries of life and make gainfully and productive commitment to his or her community. Emotional sickness alludes to an extensive variety of psychological wellness conditions. Mental illnesses are disorders that influence your state of mind, speculation, and conduct. Cases of emotional instability incorporate discouragement, uneasiness issue, schizophrenia, dietary problems, and addictive practices (Hazel, 2003). Mental illness is influenced by natural, formative, and psychosocial components. However, mental illness can be treated with approaches similar to those connected to a physical ailment (anticipation, determination, treatment, and rehabilitation). Similarities between mental illness and mental disorders Mental illness                        Mental disorders                  Affects the individual state of mind  Affects the patient state of mind Can be treated                        Can be treated                    Can lead to complications             Causes complications              Affects the quality of life           Affects the quality of life        One example of each similarity  1. Anorexia Nervosa and bipolar disorder affect the individual’s state of mind.  2. Both ailments can be treated and managed.  3. Anorexia Nervosa and bipolar disorder affect the patient’s quality of life and social integration. Differences between mental disorders and mental illness Differences                  Mental disorders              Mental illness                              The source of the condition  Affects the brain             Affects body organs                         Location                     Psychological                 Direct or indirect infection of a body part Diagnosis/treatment          Psychological/mood behaviors  Test, examination, blood samples             One example of each difference  1. Acute stress disorder originates from the brain while Anorexia Nervosa affects the mind.  2. Acute stress disorder affects the patient’s mood while Anorexia Nervosa affects eat
Running head: Outpatient Services Overview of the oncology outpatient setting United States has one of the best healthcare services worldwide. The previously preferred inpatient settings are losing ground to the emerging outpatient settings. This is outpatient settings are relatively cheap and due to the introduction of non-invasive procedures that do not require patients to be admitted at the hospital (Rebholz, 2007). In this study, the researcher will focus on the oncology setting in a hospital. The researcher will spend a considerable amount of time interacting with patients and some of the employees in the setting. To understand the setting fully, it is necessary to analyze all the activities that take place in the setting. When new patients arrive at the facility they register at the health records department and are given their card numbers to be used in the future. When they visit the facility at subsequent times, their files are retrieved from the records department. From the registry, patients are seen by the nurses who take their body temperature, weight, pulse rate, and blood sugar. There are 15 nurses in the setting, headed by a senior nurse. The patient proceeds to the physician’s room where he or she explains her medical condition, and the physician conducts a physical examination on him or her. If blood tests are to be performed, then a phlebotomist draws blood from the patient which is sent to the laboratory department for testing. The physician advises on medication based on the sample results from the laboratory. The physician prescribes drugs that are dispensed at the pharmacy department in the facility. Patients are given future appointments for reviews and follow-ups. If nursing procedures are needed, for example, insertions of urethral catheters or injections, nurses perform the procedures. The patient pays for the healthcare cost at the billing department from out-of-pocket or using healthcare insurance. The interview with the senior oncology physician Interviewer Good afternoon Doctor. I am a university student from. Physician Good morning sir. How may I help you, sir? Interviewer I realize that you have a very tight schedule today considering the number of patients queuing up to be attended. However, I would be pleased to have a short interview with you. Kindly let me know your position here, your academic and professional background. Physician I am the senior physician in charge of this oncology setting. I supervise all the employees in this setting. I specialized in oncology in my postgraduate degree, in medicine. I also have a postgraduate diploma in management. I joined this health facility in mid-2011, but I was promoted last year to my current position. Before I joined this hospital, I had worked in 5 other health facilities. Interviewer You are quite an experienced doctor. Kindly tell me something about the demand and supply of healthcare in this setting. Physician We have been
Introduction Branding is one of the most essential aspects of modern business environment. Consumers link the majority of products with a logo, statement, color or a given shape. Branding enables the consumers to indentify the product through that sign or symbol. It is based on creating a unique feeling among the customers and it helps them identify a given product. Brands create an identity which is one of a kind and this urges customers to develop a loyalty towards that product (Aaker, 2002). Organizations use brand as a means of differentiating their products from other companies and ensuing that they develop a strong long-lasting relationship with their clients. Personal branding, on the other hand, entails the creation of a unique attribute that separates you from other people which covers creating and communicating aspects. Branding does not only apply to operations but also to individuals, countries, cities and even individuals. Most celebrities and successful professionals around the world have created a brand image for themselves which makes people know who they are and what they offer (De Chernatony & McDonald, 2001). Tiger Wood’s brand The brand chosen for the current paper is Tiger Woods who is one of the most successful golfers in the world. He brought excitement and charm to the golfing game. As one of the top players, a mention of the golf sport triggers one to think of Tiger Woods. He is the world number one golfer having won many professional tournaments in his golfing career. Tiger Woods has been named the PGA player of the year with a ten times record and has also many PGA titles and trophies such as PGA tour money leader and PGA tour Player of the year. Woods has won 79 PGA tournaments and has 14 major titles. He is ranked second best all time golfers after Jack Nicklaus who won 18 major titles. The successful wins that Tiger Woods enjoyed have made him get sponsorship from companies. Nike is one of the companies that sponsors this famous player. In addition to all the wins, Woods have amassed certain wealth from the titles and the sponsorship he gets from companies. All these successful wins make him a brand to reckon with in the golfing sport. He has also done some charitable work to assist other players. SWOT analysis of Tiger Woods’ brands Most brands can be evaluated using the a Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis. In the business milieu, SWOT analysis assists managers to evaluate the company’s strategic position in relation to their competitors. The tool can also be used to assess the strategic position of personal brands. In SWOT analysis, strength and weaknesses represent the internal forces that strengthen or weaken the brand while opportunities and threats represent the external forces that affect the brand positively and negatively. The SWOT matrix for Tiger Woods brand is shown in figure 1 given below:           Positive factors