ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The main purpose of the given paper is to define gender, social, and cultural underpinnings triggering women to refer to breast augmentation and body modification in general. Particular reference will be made to the role that breast augmentation plays in meeting the standards of physical attractiveness in the society. Practice of Breast Augmentation Body modification is one of the most popular practices in the West. People apply to different techniques for altering their appearances and fitting the constantly changing standards of beauty and fashion. On the one hand, body modification is just the main method of revealing cultural and social identities. On the other hand, appearance transformation is aimed at concealing the body defects (Featherstone, 2000, p. 2). One way or another, people resort to those techniques to improve their appearance and increase self-esteem, specifically when it comes to using cosmetic surgery, such as breast augmentation. Cosmetic surgery has emerged as one of the easiest methods of improving one’s appearance. Just like any other form of surgery, cosmetic surgery has its benefits and risks as well. According to Featherstone (2000), “…existing scientific and medical technologies seek or claim to clarify our perception of the ‘natural’ body” (p. 2). Similarly, Davis (2001) states, “…plastic surgery is a path towards self-determination – a way for women to regain control over their bodies” (p. 174). This is one of the primary sources of exercising men’s power asserted on female bodies. With regard to the above, the practice of breast augmentation can be perceived as women’s need to self-realization and recognition in society. It goes beyond the need to meet personal goals, but not the need to meet the established social and cultural standards. Main discussion Social and Cultural Context Triggering Women to Make Breast Augmentation Social Underpinning A successful breast augmentation surgery is known to boost the self-esteem of women as well as making them more confident in their looks and their general self. In this respect, self-esteem and confidence are very important in helping one enjoy their lives as well as reach their full potential (Pitts, 2003, p. 15). There is no doubt that a successful breast augmentation surgery can greatly affect a person’s life. Breast augmentation eliminates the social anxiety in women that comes as result of having an unattractive shape. Social anxiety can disrupt one’s life and the sooner it is dealt with the better (Pitts, 2003, p. 11). The society has got its standards and people will always strive to live according to these standards. Women who are confident about their looks will always be outgoing because the thought of being rejected is not on their mind. The society depicts attractive people as capable and successful. According to some studies, there is a strong correlation between professional recognition and good looks (Featherstone, 2000, p. 2). A successful breast augmentation surgery leaves women with large and shapely breasts. Breast Augmentati
Introduction The question that is often asked by most business managers today concerns the ability of firms to meet the needs and expectations of customers. Meeting these demands and expectations entails comprehending the marketing environment. This paper explores the value of customer behaviour knowledge on the ability of firms to manipulate the customers. The paper focuses on the value of consumer behaviour knowledge on the marketing mix. 4p’s effect on behaviour, cognition, effect According to Sahney (n.d.), consumer behaviour is determined by three key elements. These elements include effect, knowledge, and behaviour. Behaviour is the visible action of the consumer that is translated into the decision of a consumer to purchase or not purchase a given product. Any alteration of the elements of marketing mix results in change in customer behaviour (Sahney n.d.). Cognition entails the manner in which customers process the information in the market as they seek to reach critical decisions concerning products and services. Therefore, altering the orientation of a brand by focusing on any of the marketing mix elements can have significant effects on the way consumers process information on a given product or brand in the market (Sahney n.d.). The decisions of consumers can be comprehended from what the feelings that the consumer hold about the good or service. Comprehending the factors that determine the variation in the intensity and level of persistence of these feelings is an important factor in altering the patterns of feelings through making meaning adjustments in the marketing mix (Sahney n.d.). 4p’s effect on the stages of decision making Research in marketing has ascertained that consumers make several considerations before making decisions for or against certain products and services in the market. This is represented in the five stages of customer decision making. It is important for marketing executives to comprehend the consumer decision making continuum to develop marketing strategies that can aid in altering the behaviour of consumers (Pride & Ferrell 2012). For instance, altering the price of a product can result in a reconsideration of a given product. Therefore, at every stage of decision marketing, an adjustment in any of the elements of marketing mix has the potential to affect the view of the customer. This, consequently, affects the final decision (Dibb, 2012). Effect of marketing mix on consumer perception The perception of consumers about a given product or service depends on several factors. Most of the attributes of products or services from which consumers gather and process information on the product are embedded in the marketing mix. The perception can be easily altered by altering the brand (Parsons, 2013). 4p’s effect on motivation conflict The drive of consumers to satisfy their needs through goods and services is something that ought to be given attention by marketing executives. Consumers are torn between the forces of acceptance and refusal of a pr
The main goal of the article God’s Money is Now My Money is to discuss the issues of fraud and describe different cases and reasons for various religious institutions and churches becoming victims of this crime. It remains apparent that the majority of violations and frauds are committed by the treasurers, volunteers, and other employees of the church. For example, one of the treasurers of the religious institution took advantage of its funds and with the assistance of the construction company, transferred substantial sums of money via online banking. Using this complex framework made this transaction unnoticeable for a long period of time. Alternatively, some individuals utilized simple schemes and used this money to pay their bank loans directly. Meanwhile, others employed a more complex mechanism such as converting funds into false interests. Despite using different schemes, all cases mentioned above have an adverse effect on the financial prosperity of the religious institutions and damage their reputation. One of the potential reasons for the occurrence of these incidents is the fact that the majority of the pastors and church leaders do not have sufficient business background. For example, the education of pastors is highly focused on counseling, pastoral care, and theology while not being able to cover important managerial and financial aspects. At the same time, they have a tendency to devote substantial attention to the congregations and organizing various events and services. It could be said that different priorities and the lack of time for supervision of the employees are the critical reasons for the violation of rules and high frequency of fraud in the religious institutions and churches. Despite having positive intentions and being one of the main values of the religious institution, trust could be considered as another potential reason for the occurrence of fraud. As it was mentioned earlier, the majority of the wrongful practices are committed by the trusted and recognized members of the church. In this case, one of the groups is volunteers, who are engaged in a long-term relationship with the church. Alternatively, another group can be defined as volunteers, who are interested in filling the vacant spots rapidly and are eager to help quickly. In this case, the incidents of fraud have a tendency to occur, as the pastors and leaders of the religious institutions do not suspect these groups of being involved in unlawful practices. Consequently, in this instance, trust and benevolence can be discovered as the central causes of fraud and other wrongful practices, as the actions of the members of the church are not controlled. Nonetheless, there are several ways that may help prevent fraud in churches and other religious institutions. One of the solutions is to organize the auditing committees that have to pay vehement attention to reviewing bank, insurance, and accounting statements. Using this method will assis
The academic writing process can be summarized by five distinctive stages. First, the discovery and investigation stages require writers to engage with sources. Critical thinking is essential, as a descriptive approach to the sources is inefficient. Instead, writers must outline an analysis of the selected information (University of Lynchburg, n.d). Critical thinking occurs throughout active reading when a writer is able to discern useful sources from those that are irrelevant to the topic of their work. Second, the second stage includes the prewriting tasks of academic work such as outlining, freewriting, brainstorming, and clustering information (Staffordshire University, 2022). Further critical thinking is required as a writer will have to consider additional factors such as the intended audience, the purpose of the work, and the current gaps in academic literature that the work addresses. Third, drafting can be seen as the first stage of the official writing phase. This stage must adhere to the selected thesis, it is vital for the writer to engage in critical thinking by monitoring that the work is on topic and does not drift away to unrelated themes (Boylan, n.d). Main ideas and concepts become vitally important during this stage as their relation to the work are tested. Fourth, revision is the stage that is most likely to benefit from critical thinking. Adequate revision requires both global and local modifications. Global changes refer to revisions that assure that the flow of the work is good, and that progression is proper (University of Edinburgh, 2021). Local revision target sentence structure, idea coherence, and transitions. Fifth, the work is subjected to the editing phase which involves a thorough examination and the spotting of weaknesses (University of Leeds, n.d.). A critical thinker should be able to observe any existing faults in the work before assuming it to be complete.
When the novel starts, Tom is appointed in and often the arranger of childhood tricks and make-believe games. As the novel goes on, these originally consequence-free childlike games take on more and more seriousness. Tom leads himself, Joe Harper, Huck, and, in the cave, Becky Thatcher into more and more hazardous situations. He also finds himself in quandaries where he must put his anxiety for others above his anxiety for himself, such as when he takes Becky’s sentence and when he testifies at Injun Joe’s trial. As Tom starts taking the initiative to assist others instead of himself, he reveals his increasing adulthood, competence, and moral honesty. Whether or not a solitary course of expansion characterizes Tom’s escapades, a single temperament trait – Tom’s indefatigable energy and thirst for escapade – propels the novel from chapter to chapter. noncompliant though he may be, Tom ends up as St. Petersburg’s hero. As the town rumors say, “Tom would be President, yet, if he escaped hanging.” The themes of the novel, which are also the key purposes of writing the novel are Moral and social maturation; the insincerity of society; freedom by the means of social exclusion; fallacy in an uncertain world. Actually, Tom Sawyer is a sly, playful boy. He seems to be a boaster and likes to show his power over other boys. He is about twelve years old as guessed from hints in Twain’s works. Tom is presumed to represent the untroubled and magnificent world of boyhood in the early-mid 1800s. His best friends are Joe Harper and Huckleberry Finn. In The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Tom’s obsession with Rebecca (alias Becky) Thatcher is obvious. He has a half-brother, Sid, a cousin, Mary, and his aunt is known as Aunt Polly, all with whom he lives. Tom is Aunt Polly’s dead sister’s son. It is unidentified how Tom’s mother died. Among the adventures, Tom gets himself into are going buccaneering with Huck Finn And Joe Harper. He also staggers upon Injun Joe’s crime in which Widow Douglass is almost murdered, and where thousands of gold rounds were entailed. He also gets caught with Becky Thacher, his “fiancée,” in a cavern. After which, Injun Joe dies, and Huck gets taken by the widow. The central conflict is when Tom and Huck distinguish their biggest resist to be between themselves and Inj
Introduction According to Snowden, Freud established various concepts to distinguish between the attributes and personal concepts that characterize individuals (Snowden 113). Essentially, this establishment has been reviewed and applied by a considerable number of individuals who have given credit to this renowned father of psychoanalysis. His arguments lay the basis of technical support for three prevailing and chiefly availing characteristics of a functioning mind under three aspects termed as id, ego and super-ego. Freud described id as a presence of instincts that are largely separated from their succinct collaboration allowing logic analysis before making decisions (Freud 16). On the other hand, the ego was described as a coordinated and pragmatic individuality without complex analysis and critical evaluation of life aspects and arguments. Lastly, Freud identified the rearmost stage as the super-ego that had decisive evaluation tactics and argumentative justifications determined by moral principles. In this light, Freud’s ideas and arguments have been used widely to evaluate the characters of individuals in the real world, and the visualized fictions and stories made by people. For instance, the novel titled as the Princess de Cleves can be analyzed through the psychological principles of Freud in order to reveal his conceptual characterization. In a bid to perform this task, the essay will review the traits of the Princess de Cleves in accordance to these points of view and her personality, motivation, mental struggle and reactions. Personality Tentatively, the personality’s trends of Princess de Cleves follow three concise levels of intellectual development described by Freud. At the initial stages, the princess is subjected to matters that she cannot digest and make personal decisions probably because she was in the id level at that tender age (Lyons 34). Subsequently, her mother helped her in the decision-making processes because she took the guidance to marry the middling suitor referred to as the Prince de Cleves. However, the princess developed some organization within her thinking capacities and identified that her id was pulling her towards some true love. In fact, the princess was attracted to Duke de Nemours whom she fell in love with but did not betray her husband. In this case, it can be argued that the princess attained some critical organization enabling her to realize she was married to another man. Therefore, the princess felt in love with the duke but avoided all instances that could make her unfaithful to her husband. This depicts high values of super-ego characters shown through adequate critiques and related moral attributes. In order to expound about the ethical principles applied by the princess, it is apparent that the immorality is an outrageous and discouraged attribute within the society because people have to marry and avoid the unfaithfulness. In the other instance, the princess is deprived for her perceived unfaithfulness to her husband
Ernest Hemingway’s famous short story “Hills Like White Elephants” is a short work but full of contextual details. The setting in which the events of the story unfold is notable for how much it influences the course of the narrative. Various non-obvious aspects presented by the author allow the reader to find new meanings in the story and reveal the characters more deeply. First of all, it is worth noting the location within which the conversation unfolds. The Spanish countryside emphasizes conservative views on difficult moral decisions such as abortion. The railway station refers to the crossroads on which the couple is located. The hills against the background of the story unfold to show the man’s lingering from the events and his misunderstanding. First, Hemingway chose a specific location to describe the actions of his story. Spanish setting “contributes to the ironic tone of the story, for the moral drama takes place in a predominantly Catholic country where the church stands in firm opposition to abortion” (Johnston). Thus, the narrative acquires an ironic and satirical tone since the central conflict between the characters has a moral basis. In countries with dominant religiosity, such conversations could not arise at all. Moreover, the girl, unlike her companion, does not know Spanish and asks him “what does it say” (Hemingway 229). This emphasizes her dependence and incompetence, the American being her only acquaintance and guide. The bar at the train station is also a notable element of the story’s setting, as it symbolizes path and movement. This location emphasizes the tension of the situation as abortion is an “unspoken reason for their trip to Madrid” (Bloom). Being in a bar, drinking, and having a not effective conversation, the characters show that they are in an uncomfortable situation where they both do not want to make a decision. The railway station is a pathway for both of them, on which their joint fate is decided. Thus, the setting of the story emphasizes the dynamics of events, the reader experiences anxiety. Moreover, the train must arrive soon, which means that a decision must be made, which cannot be delayed any longer. Another
There is no doubt that the rapid growth of modern technology can be regarded as one of the most significant factors defining the image of human society in different countries, especially in those with developed economies. In fact, there is a need to meet new requirements that include active use of digital devices, an appropriate level of computer literacy, and a deeper understanding of ethical and legal issues that are closely interconnected with the new facts of life. This necessity acts as a factor that encourages representatives of a wide range of multinational organizations to give special consideration to the problems of the digital age. One organization that has managed to master new digital technology is the United Nations. In discussing the United Nations and its demonstrated readiness for the digital age, it is necessary to pay increased attention to innovations related to digital technology that have improved the position and social reputation of the organization. When it comes to the positive side of the problem, it is important to note that many representatives of the United Nations are deeply concerned about the problem of safety and privacy inherent in the ongoing growth and development of technology. As an active user of digital innovations, the United Nations recognizes that digital communication is becoming increasingly popular. Thus, it is becoming easier for organizations and individuals who are pursuing their own agendas to intercept the conversations of other people and, therefore, violate their essential rights. To express its concerns, four years ago, the organization presented a resolution aimed at protecting privacy (“The right to privacy in the digital age”, n.d.). It is important to note that the formula of success implemented by the United Nations involves the hard work of trained professionals in the field; thus, the organization launched an initiative (UN ICT TF) aimed at supporting
Strivings are an essential perspective of our everyday life. According to Emmons (2005), there two types of striving: personal and spiritual. Both personal and spiritual goals can be combined, and, probably, the spiritual component might make the achievement of any personal goals more fulfilling, provide meaning and significance. Emmons (2005) in his article gives two definitions concerning the two terms mentioned above. Spiritual strivings “goals that are concerned with ultimate purpose, ethics, commitment to a higher power, and a seeking of the divine in daily experience.” Personal strivings are “typical goals that a person characteristically is trying to accomplish,” such as improve athletic capabilities, meet new friends, and so on. I think it is impossible to separate one from another, and I see the spiritual strivings as a necessary attribute of each person’s life. Moreover, there are historical examples of how marginalized groups utilized spiritual striving to overcome the struggle during their darkest times. For instance, during the period of slavery, religion was spread among African Americans as it was helping them to find meaning and hope. Spirituality, especially in the form of religion, helps people feel like one single moral community, construct a collective identity. Another example might be the Jewish people that survived the Holocaust with Judaism help: even if it was impossible for Jews to participate in religious activities during the Nazi regime, spirituality still brought hope to millions of people. In conclusion, I would like to say that personal goals, life meaning, and religion are highly interconnected. From several different perspectives, those concepts make a human’s life complete and give satisfaction. Everyone finds fulfilment in different sources but each human needs the feeling of sense in his life. Even non-religious people might have their own form of spiritual strivings that gives purpose and meaning to their everyday activities and goals. Reference Emmons, R.A. (2005). Striving for the sacred: Personal goals, life meaning, and religion. Journal of Social Issues , 61 , 731-746. Web.