ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The 21 st century economy is increasingly liberalized and collaboration in teams that cross different cultural boundaries has become the norm. More often than not, teams are scattered across geographical locations and work through communication enabled platforms made possible by advancing technology. These teams are normally involved in complex projects and ideally, they are supposed to bring experience and pools of knowledge that should make work easier by creating competitive advantage. In practice, however, many teams do not realize their potential as they create less value due to clashes precipitated by different backgrounds. According to Johnson et al (1998, p. 89), modern-day firms cannot afford to ignore culturally diverse teams since their value to realizing corporate objectives can no longer be underestimated. It is therefore to corporations and project management firms’ interest that they learn to assemble and effectively manage complex global and culturally diverse teams. In this discussion, focus will be on the unique complexities that come along with the management of large and culturally diverse teams. These complexities pose obstacles to success of projects which both new and old management approaches have not been able to effectively address. Great project management teams are those that work together in harmony, using their diversities as strength to consistently deliver superior performance and results. Success of a project is measured against performance variables such as time, budget and predetermined quality specifications. There is a consensus among many project management experts that a project team does not necessarily have to be large to deliver good results. However, contemporary project teams are too big, disjointed and overly diverse, providing numerous complexities to their managers who rely on old and typical methods of management. According to O’Rourke & Yarbrough (2008, p. 79), complexities in project management are going to increase, especially given the ever-increasing expectations from overly demanding clients. Unfortunately, success in 21 st project management is only possible through assembly of large, complex and culturally diverse teams. Such teams will guarantee much needed competitive advantage, which is only possible through acquiring new competencies to manage these complex teams effectively. This discussion will undertake an analysis of the specificities of the organizational type, which in this case will be project management. The discussion will also concentrate on how best to use potential motivational factors for the achievement of optimal performance of a global and culturally diverse project management team. There will also be an effort to integrate a leadership model backed by survey results on how to approach leadership issues to bring the best out of a diverse team. Spe
Introduction Organizational behavior can be viewed as the way in which individuals, groups and the structure affect (and are affected) by the behavior within an organization. The organizational behavior plays a pivotal role in determining the performance of an organization. A clear understanding of the concept of organizational behavior can significantly affect the productivity of an organization. A good understanding of organizational behavior within an organization can significantly help in reducing problems like absenteeism, employee turnover hence improving productivity, and increasing employee job satisfaction. Robbins and Judge (2010) observed that motivation have a great impact in developing employees’ moods and emotions, which may determine their performance in various areas within an organization. Discussion The ability to recognize one’s perspective or mental framework is itself a fundamental leadership dynamic. This understanding is very important in an organization as it helps in improving the overall productivity levels. As an employee, one of the major recounting issues I face in an organization is absenteeism. This problem is very prevalent in our organization, which has a large number of employees. As a result, the company has lost a significant amount of resources through absenteeism. This behavior has been prevalent in our organization, a situation that has resulted in much efficiency in the organization. There are several ways through which this problem can be overcome. One of the most effective ways is by integrating effective organizational behavior aspects in the organization’s operations. This can help in promoting positive behavior among the employees by increasing the overall performance. One of the main aspects of organizational behavior is the organizational culture. Organizational culture significantly determines the way employees conduct themselves in an organization. It is necessary to enhance an organizational culture that will help to maximize the productivity of employees while minimizing the total expenses. Organizational culture bonds employees together as one, a thing that facilitates realization of organizational goals. This close bond also motivates employees to work towards the realization of organization’s objectives and missions. In the process, the level of absenteeism will be minimized. Culture has a powerful influence on members of an organization. It can influence the behavior of individuals in an organizational environment in a number of ways. However, culture is an outcome of continued interactions among the people and is shaped by the people’s behavior. In other words, culture reflects the behavior of a certain group of people. In every organization, change
The brochure describes the use of Tezspire, which is a drug used for the management of asthma. The drug is administered subcutaneously to treat severe asthma in children and adults. Asthma is an obstructive lung disease caused by exposure to allergens in predisposed individuals. In rare cases, asthma can be drug-induced through drugs such as Aspirin (Regnam & Richards, 2021). These three types of asthma; are extrinsic, intrinsic, and mixed types. The extrinsic type is the most common type, with childhood-onset and positive family history. The other two types are rare and are not caused by allergens. The brochure’s target audience is patients with a long history of asthma and their family and caregivers. It is written in a formal and straightforward language for the understanding of all parties. Patient education is a critical factor in the administration of drugs. The patient needs to know the full implication of the drug on the body and its primary purpose. According to Dharmage et al. (2019), status asthmaticus, a severe form of asthma, has been a significant cause of death in patients with asthma. This drug has provided hope for these patients at the time of emergency. Moreover, the brochure provides the caregivers with information concerning the implication of administration of this drug with other drugs. Caregivers have a duty to educate their patients on drug administration and side effects. In most cases, caregivers omit essential information for the patients’ understanding during treatment. This brochure seeks to meet such objectives and compliments the caregivers’ effort to provide sufficient information on the use of Tezspire. The drug being new and effective, most physicians are likely to prescribe it to asthma patients. The brochure offers comprehensive information on the drug for the patient, family, and caregivers.
Introduction Nature is a huge non-empty space that harbours both real and imaginary components. Theologists and Scientists differ much on the existence of these components. While theology accepts both, Science focuses on the real nature owing to the fact that it can test its existence. Of interest for Scientists is the methods employed to deal with a problem, which range from inductive to deductive. Nature can tempt one to conclude that he/she is conversant with a thing while the opposite is the case. Scientific methods provide a solution for this. Though contradicting, the two methods are practically differently. For instance, for induction, a system is examined first followed by an inference based on the observations. Deduction takes the reverse. Although they share a lot and yield a solution, inductive method is quite open-ended as compared to deductive. Insights A problem forms the basis of any scientific method, inductive or deductive. It triggers scientists into developing criteria that fights the problem whether simple or complicated. “Solution of problems…is achieved by long strings of mixed inductive and deductive inferences…” (Pirsig Para. 9). It is importance to state the problem right otherwise whichever method used, it will never yield a valid solution. Hypothesis follows the question immediately. It provides a tentative answer to the aforementioned problem before further research. It may be one, two, or three as desired by the researcher. If more than two, the experiment should be set to test their validity in relation to the problem. This reduces them to at least two usually referred to as the null (H 0 ) and the alternative (H 1 ). According to Fischer, it is the hypothesis that illustrates what is expected in a research (43). Experimentation is a very crucial level. This is why scientists agree only on what experiments have proved. This step distinguishes Science from other disciplines. Box says that the majority’s view of science as all about experiments is a mere thought (134). It is from the experiment that data arises that is used to prove wrong or right the null hypothesis. The experiment can fail or succeed. Robert says that failure occurs only when the experiment does not prove
Introduction Aurora Levins Morales, the author of the poem Child of the Americas, was born of Puerto Rican mother and a Jewish father in Indiera, Puerto Rico. She later relocated to the United States: New Hampshire and Chicago. Currently, she hails from San Francisco alongside her family. In Child of Americas, she draws tremendously from her diverse cultural identities to address the need for an integrated culture among the Americans by advocating that all Americans, including herself, come from different and mixed-up cultural identities, which while assimilated together, make up a single culture. This single culture is identifiable as American culture. She, therefore, considers herself as a child of the Americans rather than just Puerto Rican. Based on a detailed interpretation of her works, the inference that the majority of her writings including the Poem Child of the Americas borrow significantly from her childhood memoirs and racial identities holds. Interpretation of the Poem People possessing mixed identities always struggle to establish their real cultural identity. The struggle is even worse in the world, which does not create equal acceptance of millions of people belonging to a myriad of races, nations or varying cultural backgrounds. Aurora is perhaps one of such people. In the poem Child of the Americas, Aurora uses “child of America’ as a sign to explain her exposure to the American culture. She ends up being part of it. She voices out how others tag them the name ‘US Puerto Rican Jews’: Something that makes them whole. History immensely contributes to what she is. She learned to speak Spanglish as her first language. Although it was not their choice to be what they are, other people have stereotyped them as not part of the American culture by their race. However, they are, in the real sense. The author emphasizes the problem of ethnicity that has persisted amongst some of the American people, even to date. She claims in the poem that she is “Caribena Island grown. Spanish in my flesh ripples from my tongue, lodges in my hip” (Barnet, Burto & Cain, 2008, p.1108). Ripples and lodges act as symbols that emphasize on her physical bodily appearance. Racial differentiation bases itself on physical features such as the shape of the face, skin color, and eye color amongst others. Some of these features happen to encompass the reason as to why the author comments, “I speak from that body” (Barnet, Burto & Cain, 2008, p.1108). This means that she has no absolute ability to control her physical appearance. All she can do is to appreciate the way she looks, as “…rooted in the history of my continent” (Barnet, Burto & Cain, 2008, p.1108). It is not by coincidence that the author mentions the problem of ethnicity.
Jenni’s Story Introduction To provide adequate support and establish a clear understanding between a family and a professional, it is vital to assign the right person for the task. There are many nuisances and communication gaps that practitioners could encounter, and they must be ready to deal with unexpected difficulties. This essay examines the case of Jenni, her family, and the professionals who helped her. Main text Children with special needs can require knowledge outside of profession-specific social skills, and this case shows a successful intervention that helped a child to develop a crucial ability. In this video, the ENRICH Project has shown cultural responsiveness by putting Roxanne Patterson in charge of communication with Jenni’s family to overcome the language barrier. It is crucial to consider culture when appointing practitioners to families (Gargiulo & Kilgo, 2018). The appointed specialist has been able to observe how Jenni has interacted with her family and peers and used this knowledge as a foundation of the relationship. Through collaboration, Jenni’s physical therapist, Jeannemarie Fagan, and Dr. Patterson had established the course of development for their patient and found which opportunities to communicate when Jenni was the most receptive. Gargiulo & Kilgo (2018) state that “effective communication between families and practitioners involves a clear understanding and knowledge of the expectations, obligations, and responsibilities of each party” (p. 76). In the video, they have shown a collaborative effort to help Jenni to learn how to walk by examining the best way she receives information. Conclusion This intervention has been occurring at Jenni’s house, with the presence of her family. They have studied her behavior and found a suitable strategy to boost her development. These visits were also vital for the family, as they have learned how to support and encourage her. I think that this partnership is an effective method of intervention as Patterson’s continued support allowed Jenni’s family to discover a way to communicate with her, and Jenni learned how to walk. Reference Gargiulo, R. M., & Kilgo, J. L. (2018). An introduction to young children with special needs: Birth through age eight. SAGE Publications.
Introduction The article sheds light on the scandalous case of unethical leadership that related to the church sexual abuse in almost seventy schools in New England. The accusations of abuse were filed since 1991. The number of abused victims is astonishing – more than two hundred school students came forward to report the crime, underlining the fact that it was greatly covered up by the school authorities. The focus of the article’s investigation was the St. George’s School in Rhode Island and the abuse survivor Anne Scott, who was allegedly raped by the school’s athletics trainer in 1977 when Anne was only fifteen years old. It is notable to mention that when the victim’s family brought a lawsuit against the school, the school authorities were not compliant; instead, they brought a lawsuit against the Scott family. Such an unethical leadership behavior shows that the school was not interested in the fate of the student; rather, it was only interesting for the authorities to ‘save their face’. Anne Scott, the alleged victim, stated that the school management did not put any effort into resolving the situation amicably; on the contrary, they were hostile to her and her family, trying to turn her friends, roommates, and neighbors against her. In her interview for the article, Anne mentioned that the entire situation was stressful and shocking for her, being fifteen, she did not know how to deal with the pressure; also, she worried about her entire family falling apart. “When you are assaulted as a child and a victim of rape, you lose your voice. You lose your soul”, said Anne Scott (PBS, 2016, para. 10). The fact that the school’s student felt pressure and alienation from the authorities that supposed to protect her was showing how unethical behavior of authorities can greatly damage a person’s life and self-image, which cannot be restored easily. According to Todd Wallack from the Boston Globe, the issue discussed in the article is much more common that the society thinks it is because as Anne Scott came forward to speak about her experience, dozens of other assault survivors decided to also uncover the secret they lived with for decades. The article also mentioned the fact that there were occasions when abusers managed to move from one school to another without student’s parents or the faculty staff being aware of their previous abuse history. For example, George Thompson, who had been accused of inappropriate touching by the St. George’s students, went working to another school with great recommendations, without the new school’s management knowing of the allegations (PBS, 2016, para. 22). Reaction/Critique The discussed case is one of the disturbing examples of unethical behavior on the part of the school authorities that covered up for the individuals that abused their students. In their book Ethics and politics in school leadership: Finding common ground Brierton, Graham, Tomal, and Wilhite (2016) stated that the school leaders on any level must play the definitive role i
Introduction Interpersonal relationships turn out to be a core of a strong and progressive society, and the task of the government is to make sure people are aware of appropriate norms and standards. Military services are obligatory for the majority of American citizens. To predict misbehaviors and misunderstandings between soldiers and their leaders, multiple programs, protocols, and other agreements are developed. The integration of the Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention (SHARP) Program is one of the recent activities supported by the US government to eliminate sexual harassment and assault by training, reporting, and prevention. In this paper, army values, respect, dignity, impact, reporting, and the ways to minimize risks of sexually related crimes will be evaluated through the prism of the SHARP Program in the US Army. The SHARP Program In the US military, concerns about sexual assault and harassment introduce serious public health and social problem. The prevalence rate of sexually related misbehaviors in the army varies from 4-7% among women and 1-2% among men (Orchowski, Berry-Cabán, Prisock, Borsari, & Kazemi, 2018). However, actual consequences remain poorly investigated, which makes the integration of the SHARP Program reasonable and expected. The goal of SHARP is to create an environment of respect and dignity and eliminate sexual assault and sexual harassment (Aberdeen Proving Ground, 2019). In addition to a common goal, the supporters of this program work to reduce reporting stigma and protect potential victims. SHARP “permeates the Army structure”, meaning that it equally touches upon Pentagon challenges, as well as individual fears of soldiers (Sexual Harassment/Assault Response & Prevention, n.d.b, para. 3). The Sexual Harassment/Assault Response & Prevention (n.d.a) develops Intervene, Act and Motivate (I.A.M) STRONG campaign to engage military people in predicting and avoiding sexual assault and understanding the concepts of trust and respect. Its integration includes the necessity to recognize a soldier as a member of a community bound by specific values. Army Values The creation of the US Army is based on several strong values that have to be recognized and understood by all the society members. Much attention is paid to such aspects as loyalty, respect, honor, and integrity. Although sexual harassment and assault may be detected in military people’s behaviors, they are never consistent with Army values (Aberdeen Proving Ground, 2019). The integration of the SHARP Program includes the discussion and explanation of military rules and expectations, so that unit cohesion and produ
Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer the author of the book The Canterbury Tales was among England’s best poets. He was born at around 1340 in London. His father was a wine businessman and an assistant of King Butler. Geoffrey Chaucer’s life is not so understandable especially when we try to look at his early age that is from child hood until the time he started schooling. Geoffrey became skilled at reading a number of languages such as French, Italian language, and even Latin. His skills as a diplomat as well as a public servant are alleged to have been obtained during his enthrallment with the public not forgetting the basics of his English knowledge. During the year 1359 to 1360 Geoffrey Chaucer made a trip with the military of King Edward for war in France for the period of one hundred Years. He only came back to England later when the agreement of Bretigny was made and the King was compensated with a lot of money. Geoffrey Chaucer got married with Philippa Roet who was one of Queen’s ladies. He was blessed with four children this were two boys and two girls. With a lot of pressure to take care of his family and other responsibilities Geoffrey Chaucer still remained in magnificent in his peripatetic services to places like Italy, Spain and even Flanders. However his peripatetic services had an immense influence on his occupation. Geoffrey Chaucer early scripts were mainly subjected by the customs of the French people who were more interested loved poetry so much. (Chaucer 43) In most of his work Geoffrey Chaucer noted down using Middle English which was a type of English that was used quite many years back. Geoffrey Chaucer was given the title as being one of the earliest English poets who used poems in iambic pentameter apart from creating them effectively using vernacular language. Geoffrey Chaucer has also been able to write quite a good number of poems such as The Book of the Duchess, House of Fame, The Parliament of Fowls and The Legend of Good Women. Unfortunately Geoffrey Chaucer passed away on the 25 th of October, 1400 in London. His funeral was done at a place called Westminster Abbey nowadays named as the Poet’s Corner. (Dean 57) Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales of is nothing but a combination of funny, vulgar, and even emotional narratives that are enlightened by a cluster of imaginary pilgrims moving to a holy place most probably at St. Thomas. The Canterbury Tales was written towards the end of the 14 th century and taken to be among the works done by the genius people in literature. This tales are in most cases notified as part of a story told by some kind of a group of people that are traveling. Geoffrey Chaucer uses this tales together with the images of his characters to cover a sarcastic and significant description in an