ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In this day and age, this world is referred to as globalized due to the fact that humans are now able to get in touch with each other from anywhere around the world. From all sides of the world be it the Eastern side or the Western side, or from the Northern to the Southern, it is pertinent to note that people all of the information that they require from the principal resource of knowledge. This is the internet. It enhances profitable activities among individuals who have never known each other previous to their transactions, and some of them even join up together to form or carry out diverse activities regardless of the differences in their nationalities or beliefs. In this aspect, the matter of multinational companies can be used as the perfect example. This does not indicate that it is easy for them to work together. This is because there are quite a number of challenges that they encounter, which encompass harmonization as well as organizational culture within their operations. They have to face up to these challenges in order for them to remain competitive and so that they can be able to survive in this world of shrewd business and the environment in which they are to thrive. Companies that do not attempt to adapt to these strategies will find it difficult to operate if the intend to expand their business. Adoption of the strategic aspects of international business is the key to success in the world of international business and trade. A multinational company can be defined as a corporate body or rather a venture, which in most instances, has its head offices in one country, which is normally referred to as the home nation, while operating industrial units in various other nations that are normally referred to as the host nations. The home nation hosts the management team, which ensures that all administrative decisions are made. All decisions may affect their operations in all of the host nations and their operations either directly or indirectly. There are other names that are normally used to refer to multinational companies in the corporate world. These include international companies, and transnational companies. However, they are more or less the same thing. This idea of multinational firms is not one that was formulated recently. The idea has been around for very many years and it has a very long history. The notion is believed to date back to the 17 th century, when the Dutch East India Company gained fame. It is thought to be the first multinational company in the world. This business concept or blueprint continues to thrive in the present century. More companies realized the need to diversify thei
Pacifism, which implies that no war is or could be just, has in recent years received considerable attention from academics and war theorists as the world seems to reel from one armed conflict to another. The doctrine, however, has received loads of disparagements from critics, who advance lopsided discourses and justifications of going to war under the tenets of the just war theories (Charles 336). Although there are diverse conceptions of pacifism which seems to ignite diverse reactions from professionals and the general public, ranging from outright impracticability to differences in geopolitical realities, this paper will argue from the standpoint that pacifism is indeed a viable alternative in the modern international realm. Although some nations have been noted to progress unorthodox activities such as state-sponsored terrorism and actions of sabotage, the kind of violence and killing that armed confrontations instigate in the name of military interventions is insurmountably objectionable (Alexandra 590). When war is evaluated against the backdrop of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction currently in the hands of state actors as well as non-state operatives, it will dawn on many that searching for peaceful means to resolve the conflicts that continue to affect the modern world is the only way to go as doing otherwise, especially engaging the military to use such weapons on civilian populations, is intrinsically immoral (Charles 336). One of the strong areas of pacifism is its “…commitment to peace-building and to finding alternatives to war and violence as responses to social and political conflict” (Atack 1). On this account, according to this author, pacifism strives to abolish armed conflicts through the employment of absolutely nonviolent methodologies to decisively deal with social and political conflict, whether arising internally or between nations. Peace-building is an inherent good, while war is seen in the eyes of many as not only unfair, but also costly in terms financial, emotional, demographic, and practical variables (Alexandra 595). What’s more, peace is more conducive to the welfare of people than the employment of any violence or forceful means under the disguise of promoting world peace. In consequence, major players on the world scene must look for peaceful mechanisms, including arbitration and sanctions, to tame the aggressors of peace, and in no time should human interactions be governed by violent or belligerent relations. Arguing from a consequentialist or utilitarian perspective of pacifism, it is clear that the world should embrace nonviolent means to deal with conflicts by virtue of the fact that the benefits brought by engaging in violence, force or war are far much less than evils that such engagements may bring to the participants as well as to the civilian population (Mosley para. 25). The lessons learnt from the U.S. invasion of Iraq under President Bush preemption and prevention strategy are still fresh, and the consequ
Informed Consent refers to the premeditated and thoughtful approval or assent given by an individual or corporation. For assent to pass as an informed consent, then the party involved must be properly, clearly and in details be informed on the matter at hand. This should be followed by an elaborate explanation and expounding to ensure there are no ambiguous words and ascertain the matter is crystal clear to the participant before making any binding decision. In research projects, informed consent is very important. Research and behavioral study are very important fields in psychology. If a research on a specific group of people or an individual is conducted without informed consent, the research findings and recommendations are deemed to be unreliable and lack authenticity. Such research could lead to the prosecution of the researchers, as it is illegal and raises major ethical issues. The main aim in the creation of the informed consent rule was mainly to shield people from the medical practices of psychology. The rule clearly stipulates that no research can be conducted without the involved party’s knowledge and most important, approval. The ethical issue arising emanates from the notion that human beings are born free with a free will, no effort should undermine that freedom. Therefore when an individual is used as a specimen without his/her approval, then the endeavor to always let people exercise their freedom is tampered with. Ethically, human beings should not be used as objects of research with the notion that the end justifies the means, rather human beings should at all time be viewed as the end itself. Informed consent at times leads individuals to get involved in fatal practices, raising the ethical issue whether we have authority to choose life and death. Competence Competence refers to the conventional needs, requirements and expectations to be met for any person to be deemed as suitable and preferred to take charge of any given task. Competence could also be mental. Mental competence is the ability and capacity of any given individual to properly, efficiently and objectively participate in legal proceedings. Competence is a very important aspect in professional practice. Competence in any given field like in psychology, or medicine ensures delivery of services is in the appropriate professional manner. This ensures people are catered for their specific needs. In psychology, competence ensures clients are treated for the respective disorders and the diagnosis is for the right ailments. This saves time, resources and creates a healthy society whose needs are properly catered for. This in turn creates order and harmony in the society eliminating chaos. In professional practice, competence is maintained in a number of ways. The most important is making sure the professionals are
Executive Summary E-marketing is one of the latest forms of marketing strategies that are increasing in popularity. This concept is a major component of any marketing plan. This report looks at the e-marketing strategies for a phone brand. The report discusses e-marketing and some of the major concepts that are applied while focusing more on the works done in this area. The brand on which focus is placed is the iPhone. The report begins with an analysis of the major competitors in terms of how they use of the e-marketing concept. In comparison, the chosen brand is doing better in relation to its main rival who is also discussed to be applying advanced techniques in e-marketing. The report provides some of the recommendations for iPhone, including the development of an elaborate e-marketing strategy. Introduction The invention of the internet has revolutionised marketing based on its increased use throughout the world. Organisations are able to reach diverse clients at different parts of the world using this technology. The use of the internet in marketing has led to the emergence of the concept of e-marketing, which is an important concept in the modern-day marketing field (Marie-Odile, Jean-Charles, Zhiyong & Sanjay 2010). E-marketing, which is the short form for electronic marketing, refers to the marketing principles that use electronic media (Dennis, Merrilees, Jayawardhena, Wright 2009). According to Yadav and Pavlou (2014), this form of marketing is synonymous with internet marketing, web-based marketing, and online marketing. This form of marketing has proved very useful in the contemporary marketing practices. It has made it easy for organisations to market their goods and services in an efficient manner. Just like other forms of marketing, e-marketing requires an elaborate marketing strategy to succeed (Ho & Dempsey 2010). The telecommunication industry is one of the industries that have embraced e-marketing. Competition has shifted from the traditional platforms to this form of marketing. Companies are engaged in competitive practices over the internet (Ellis-Chadwick & Doherty 2012; Gaskill & Winzar 2014). This paper presents a marketing strategy for the iPhone. However, it focuses on the techniques that the brand has chosen to use in e-marketing in addition to those that are used by the competitors. The report also features some of the recommendations that may ensure a successful e-marketing campaign for the chosen product. Brand Synopsis The brand syn
Audience and Rationale The target audience of the proposed program will be a cohort of school students (K-10). The class is situated in a low-income neighborhood, which is one of the reasons for its diversity. It consists of 17 students and comprises 6 Asians (2 boys, 4 girls), 5 Hispanic Whites (1 boy, 4 girls), 2 non-Hispanic Whites (2 boys), 3 Blacks (2 boys, 1 girl), and 1 child (boy) of mixed race (Black and Hispanic White). Notably, these groups are not homogeneous culturally, for students to practice different religions and have different cultural backgrounds. It has been acknowledged that United States schools are becoming more diverse, but still ethnic and cultural minorities face various challenges associated with their socioeconomic status, their distinctive cultural characteristics, etc. (Thompson & Wheeler, 2009). Clearly, educators have to take these characteristics into account when developing their teaching methods as well as particular tasks. The educator has to understand the way students think and perceive the world. Moreover, the teacher has to encourage students to explore their inner worlds and understand who they are and what their place in the United States society is and/or should be (Gay, 2013). The educator also has to speak the language his/her diverse classroom will understand; otherwise, students are unlikely to meet their educational goals. In our case, this language will be English, which most of the students have been learning as their second language since primary school, and, therefore, are able to understand it almost without problems (as the class is diverse, students are used to understanding different accents), speak with minor restrictions and some grammar mistakes, and write with certain limitations connected to vocabulary. Creativity has become an important component of education and has attracted a lot of attention in recent years (McCaslin, 2006). Teaching arts has expanded beyond art classes, and all disciplines may include elements of art teaching. At present, educators believe that creativity is not a feature people are born with but that it can be taught, and that creativity makes students more prepared to adulthood as they explore different (creative) ways to address various issues and challenges (Robinson, 2011). Jessica Wachter stresses that the development of creativity in students enables them to understand that even their weaknesses or challenges can be seen as opportunities ( Everyone is an artist , 2013). Outcomes The program will be aimed at the development of the three types of skills of the 21 st century. These are learning, literacy and life skills. The program will involve the creative development of students with a focus on cultural aspects. In order to do this, the students wi
Introduction Head injury is a leading cause of disability and death in adults, and most patients (85–95%) are classified as having a mild-to-moderate head injury. (Hassan, 2005) Most of these patients recover within weeks to months without specific therapy. However, a subgroup continues to experience disabling symptoms that interfere with their return to work or resumption of social activities. The burden of these symptoms is not only personal but also socioeconomic, as they are most common in young patients in their 20s and 30s with full occupational status. It is of paramount importance to identify those patients who are prone to develop cognitive disability to promote early rehabilitation. (George, 2002) In recent decades, major advances in the development of imaging techniques have contributed to the knowledge of the pathophysiology of head injury. The capabilities of structural imaging have been expanded by various techniques suitable for visualizing hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the brain. Concurrently, the treatment of patients with trauma is increasingly guided by the rapid assessment of primary damage and prevention of further deterioration. Hence, selection of the technique most valuable in guiding management during the acute phase of injury is essential, as is the assessment of the additional value of the technique in predicting outcome. In this article, we present an overview of the current imaging techniques in terms of their ability to reveal structural or functional brain abnormalities in patients with a head injury
Human beings all over the world are characterized by unique belief systems, perceptions, and attitudes towards life which can be collectively referred to as culture. These different cultures have been found to significantly influence virtually all fields of life especially psychological studies (Hall, 2009). Various efforts have been made to understand the different cultural orientations. Psychological researchers have investigated culture in relation to psychology resulting in the development of a new field in psychological studies known as multicultural psychology. This research paper provides the definition of multicultural psychology as well as its historical development. It also examines the rationale for the establishment of multicultural psychology as a subspecialty of psychology. The society has always been faced with the challenge to understand the different cultures that are practiced by mankind. There has been need to establish a specific field in psychology to provide explanation of these notable differences. Multicultural psychology refers to the systematic investigation, analysis and assessment of human behaviors as they are experienced in surroundings where people of different cultural backgrounds interact (American Psychological Association, 2003). This field is mainly concerned with the understanding of the cultural differences in various aspects of day to day life experiences. These include but not limited to the various thought processes, acceptable versus unacceptable behaviors, and ‘normal’ versus ‘abnormal’ behavior orientations in life. Multicultural psychology has helped in identifying a person within different cultures and also to facilitate interaction between individuals from different cultural backgrounds. In the United States, for instance, people from different parts of the world (immigrants) came together to form the present day America. Despite their varying cultures, these people must encounter each other in their day to day life activities. Multicultural psychological researchers, therefore, must take into consideration the aspect of culture during their investigations. Multicultural psychology is one of the most recent and dynamic fields in psychology and has been identified as a crucial component in understanding the role of culture in psychological studies. Over the past 30 years, the study of culture (racial and ethnic) minority issues in the field of psychology has grown to what can now be seen as a significant and dynamic subspecialty in the context of American psychology. Multicultural psychology is currently considered as the ‘fourth force’ in psychological studies after the much advanced behavioral, psychodynamic theories, as well as the huma
Introduction Oil has a very high demand all over the world since it is a major source of energy. Therefore, constant exploration and extraction to meet this demand is undertaken. Unfortunately, this exploration and extraction comes at a cost, with danger of causing loss of life, property and pollution of the environment. Prevention of oil pollution and disasters entails costly daily operations that integrate preventive measures into operations through planned industrial processes. Cleaning spillages after a disaster takes a lot of time and money not to mention that the damage that they cause is not completely reversible. The best that we can do is to reduce its effects. However, disasters are preventable through careful design and extensive consultation before exploration of oil commences. That not withstanding constant maintenance and troubleshooting of oilrigs to avert the risk of a disaster is done. Overview Oil pollution has a devastating effect on the environment particularly on aquatic life not to mention the high cost of mitigating an oil spill disaster. Oil tankers, drilling rigs, petroleum products as well as offshore platforms may cause pollution when they release crude oil. In some instances, natural oil may pollute the marine environment if it seeps through fissures. Therefore, to prevent incurring high costs and destruction of aquatic life it is important to prevent potential oil disasters by implementing sound mechanical engineering measures with a view of averting such risks. The various stages of well drilling, work over and repair operations present challenges since oil spills are likely to occur during these operations. Purpose of the report This report explores possible causes of disasters in oil drilling and the preventive measures that can be undertaken to mitigate these disasters. The report also evaluates actual disasters and attempts to outline their causes. Preview of issues The Macondo Deep Sea Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 served as a wake up call for oil drilling companies. The disaster elicited an outcry from environmentalists and transferred a heavy financial burden on BP. This is just an example of the consequences of neglecting safety procedures in oil drilling. Prevention of engineering disasters is cheaper than dealing with the consequences of the disasters (Don 7). Oil rigs There are two types of oilrigs; where in one drilling of oil is done offshore while in the other drilling is done on the land. The offshore drilling rig otherwise called an oil platform and is most prone to cause extensive pollution of the marine environment. The oil platform extracts and temporarily stores the crude oil before transportation to the shore for further refining. These platforms also house the oil extraction workforce. The platforms may be floating, fixed or consist of an artificial island. According to how stuff works (2), the oil rig system has v
Introduction It is a known feature of human existence that we continue to learn from the lessons of the past, if only to repeat their same mistakes. This is as true in the art world as it is true in other facets of life. However, art historians typically recognize a radical shift in the underlying philosophical approach to art occurring around the turn of the twentieth century that surpasses the changes that swept the art world following the great Renaissance of the 1400s-1600s. Although the Renaissance brought tremendous change in artistic approaches based upon the traditional art of Greek and Roman statuary, the Expressionist movement introduced a profound rejection of all traditional ways of the past and a completely new approach to the ideas of art and its role in human life. Through their work and artistic conception, the Expressionists introduced a darker side to art as it turned inward and began exploring the mysteries of inner human experience and the sometimes-frightening shapes this could engender. Although building off of the emotional concepts of the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists that immediately preceded them, the Expressionists were credited with the explosion of ideas that characterized the middle period of the 20 th century and continue to influence the art world today. This is in spite of the fact that, as a movement, the Expressionists only existed for a decade, from 1910 to 1920. By rejecting the forms of the natural, outer world and focusing on the inner world of the human experience free of rigidly defined form, shape and artistic approach, the Expressionists opened up an entirely new realm of self-exploration for both the artist and the audience that continues to influence our understanding of art today. Earlier artistic movements began to explore emotional expression within their work as it was felt in response to exterior influences. However, it was the Expressionists who changed the art world forever by exploring ways in which the workings of the human mind itself might be explored in its process of individuation and incorporation with greater society. Main body It is undeniable that the art of Expressionism owes a great deal of its inspiration to the ideas of the Post-Impressionists, yet there remains a fundamental difference in these two approaches. Writing in 1918 regarding the differences between the two periods, Schwabe defines the attitude of Impressionism as “one of passivity before nature, of which attitude van Gogh, through all his febrile intensity, is found to be the final and highest development” while “Expressionism may be defined as the concentrated presentation of emotion sought for within the artist’s consciousness – an insistence on feeling rather than on the visualization and reproduction of the external world” (Schwabe 140). While the Impressionist painters did not focus all of their attention on the scenes of nature alone, the primary focus of their art was in capturing the emotional impressions o