ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A key takeaway that I got from the Brainshark Mezzanine loans enables the borrower to receive loans many times more than traditional loans. It helps in the initial phase of the project to cover high costs, such as acquiring land for future development and preparation of general construction works. Construction work includes the procurement of materials, the compensation payment to workers and builders, or the construction project’s total financing. Mezzanine loans are secured against real estate and are repaid according to the debt hierarchy. Sometimes, when issuing such a loan, the lender requires additional personal and property guarantees from the borrower to provide proof of repayment. The repayment of a mezzanine loan begins with the “older” debt and then proceeds according to the time hierarchy. Priority is usually governed by an “inter-creditor deed” agreement, which denotes succession in the event of bankruptcy or liquidation of the company. Also, in the event of a default by the borrower, the mezzanine lender assumes ownership of the borrower. Mezzanine lenders are required to make ancillary endeavors to ensure that UCC implementations are not readily attacked. They need to engage in intense promotional efforts by providing adequate warning to the borrower and likely bidders and considering resale to interest multitude purchasers and give them a legitimate chance to conduct comprehensive due diligence. All this follows to consider something suitable in a simple time can be unreasonable during a pandemic. Additionally, lenders have every chance to clarify the loan agreement’s wording, which could be interpreted since not providing the borrower with compensation for foreign exchange damage (Dremluk). Explaining that all kinds of limitations of legal remedies are not obliged to apply to the borrower’s complaints that the lender performed no resale in the following way or to use any means of legal defense by the applicable law. Work Cited Dremluk, Robert. “UCC Mezzanine Loan Collateral Sales: Commercial Reasonableness During COVID.” New
The Diverse Population and the Unique Characteristics and the Distinctive Needs of the Population During my fieldwork experience, I noted that immigrant families, especially those from Arab countries, create a population that deserves the specific attention of social workers. When in the US, this diverse population has a few unique characteristics, and racial discrimination is among them because such people face difficulties, for example, finding a job. Simultaneously, immigrant families also experience challenges because American society is more developed and democratic compared to their homelands, meaning, for instance, that women have equal rights to men. This information demonstrates that immigrant families face oppression in the USA. How the Life Model Can Be Applied for the Population The life model can be applied to the population under analysis. According to Piedra and Engstrom (2009), this model explains that the problem sources refer to the environment, maladaptive interpersonal processes, and stress. These factors are interrelated and make individuals feel vulnerable and oppressed. Social workers should develop competencies in social and legal spheres to help the oppressed population, which obliges them to “practice at whatever levels a particular situation begins and wherever it may lead” (Turner, 2017, p. 288). This model is considered to provide sufficient assistance to the population. The Gaps in Applying the Life Model for the Population The life model leads to essential gaps when applied to immigrant families. It is excessively generalized because it focuses on three broad spheres, including the environment, interpersonal relationships, and internal processes, to identify the problem source. Furthermore, the model does not offer any specific interventions that social workers should take to improve the situation. The Theory That Might Be Helpful in Filling the Gaps of the Life Model When Working With the Population The psychosocial theory can be a practical approach to fill in the gaps above. This theoretical lens introduces the concept of person-in-situation, meaning that the environment affects peoples’ psychological development. Since immigrant families live in a new situation, they need assistance to cope with its challenges. Social workers can organize structured counseling to provide the diverse population with the necessary support.
First category The first category in Chaterjee’s framework concerns teaching and learning as the purpose of assessment used by students, teachers, and parents. In other words, all the parties concerned have an opportunity to assess students’ knowledge including themselves as a way to improving the results. Special education as well as the professional one is of my interests. It can benefit of assessment applied by all parties concerned as an extra motive for improvements. Moreover, if parents take part in their children’s education, they will be interested in assessing their knowledge in order to make sure that a teacher uses the right approach. Second category The second category in the same framework concerns evaluation, policy context, and program planning developed by policy-makers and administrators that are competent in the issue of special education and other areas. It is done to adapt the programs to special needs of students and specific approaches introduced by educators. The modification is needed in this category because educators and parents should also be involved into the process of developing programs because they spend more time with children and know their needs better. Third category The third category presented in Chaterjee’s framework focuses on exceptionalities, their diagnosis and screening by counselors, psychologists, social workers, and the main interested parties. Identification of special needs may also deal with participation of policy makers. This category is related to measurement of intelligence and evaluation of students’ needs with regard to validity and tests. Fourth category The fourth category is related to the guidance and counseling performed between tutors, students, and parents in the process of choosing the career path. It is important to take the validity (bias and fairness) concept discussed in the reading into account. When children are involved into special education and choose their career, they have to face all the problems that may occur with regard to their special needs. Besides, test development is another concept from the book by Cohen and Swerdlik (2010) which is related to this category because students should pass certain tests to identify their preferences, skills, and other relevant data. Fifth category The fifth category by Chaterjee dwells on awards, recognitions, and certification when students are granted scholarships and other ways of assessment. It can be really helpful in working with children who have special needs and are engaged into the special education framework. Agencies which grant those scholarships have to develop specific tests that will also take into account the special needs and skills of such students. These tests should be formed on general bases. Sixth category
Introduction Throughout history, physicians have used herbs as medical remedies for the treatment of different illnesses. Today, there are over 12,000 plants implemented for their healing properties in both traditional medicine and ethnoscience (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011). In many cases, doctors combine herbs with other methods of treatment and disease prevention. Although natural medicines are not characterized by quick or well-pronounced pharmaceutical activity as they tend to affect the user slowly and gradually, in some cases, they still may be more effective than their synthetic substitutes. Indeed, among the 3,000 synthetic drugs implemented in modern medicine, about 25% are of natural origin (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011). Moreover, the number of herb-based medicines continues to grow. Even though herbal remedies serve as an excellent alternative to chemically produced drugs, their overuse or inappropriate intake may lead to a failure to improve health conditions or even to adverse treatment outcomes. Thus, health care practitioners should increase their competence regarding the use of medicinal herbs and educate their patients about the benefits and potential risks associated with the implementation of natural remedies. Through an investigation of recent research findings, this paper aims to identify the role of herbs in modern medicine. The author argues that an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of natural methods of treatment, the characteristics of herbs, and their possible roles in disease prevention and treatment may help medical professionals and patients develop a more comprehensive view of the issue. Moreover, such an in-depth analysis will support the development of strategies for more frequent use of herbs in mainstream medical practices. Historical Background The implementation of herbs in medicine has its roots in antiquity. Through many evaluations of historical and anthropologic materials, researchers have revealed that herbalism was popular in many geographical regions and epochs including ancient Egypt and India. Indeed, there is extensive information about the use of medicinal herbs in Egyptian manuscripts. One of the most famous works of that region, the Papyrus Ebers, was written between the 15 and 16th centuries B.C. and describes recipes for the treatment of many diseases through herbalism (O’Sullivan, 2005). Some plants that were implemented in ancient Egypt a few thousand years ago are still used today, including mint, aloe, plantain, poppy, and castor. The development of natural medicine was substantially encouraged in ancient India as well. One of the oldest medical Sanskrit manuscripts, the Ayurveda, includes a description of over 700 medical herbs and explains the interactions of herbal compounds with different body processes (O’Sullivan, 2005)
Introduction Over the years, the changes in modern business practices have forced organizations to embrace the use of information technologies (IT) in order to fight competition and remain relevant to the needs of customers. Generally, organizations that automate operations tend to benefit greatly from unique technological innovations. The challenge, however, is how to measure the impact of IT. In answering the following questions, an attempt is made to determine role and impact of IT and why it is necessary for organizations to embrace the use of technology. The effect of information systems on business operations and how this is related to globalization Business today must be concerned with foreign as well domestic market places in order to compete successfully. With the information intensity associated with coordination across geographic, cultural and organizational barriers, global business operators are compelled to rely increasing on information technologies to support business operations (Loh, 2003). According to Deans and Karwan (1994), information technology has long been recognized as an important tool for organizing and managing business operations. Equally considerable is the potential for IT to support a firm’s international operations. There is a general belief that proper use of IT will help firms to succeed in the global market place (Deans & Karwan, 1994). For many people, information technology is a critical driver of globalization that must be accepted by all. Among others benefits, the use of IT facilitates interaction between organizations and delivery of information, the two essential components for success and market dominance. Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today? Today, the number of companies using information systems to analyze the vast amounts of data collected is on the rise. Some share data and business intelligence with partners convinced that if partners excel, they too will benefit. An example is Marriot, a large hotel chain, that provides online and traditional travel agencies with analyses about pricing, joint promotions, and inventory. The analytical results help the agencies optimize their operations, which results in more customers for Marriot. The use of technology by NBA team is another example that how information systems can benefit organizations. A solution provided by Synergy Sports Technology made it possible for coaches to analyze strengths and weaknesses of individual players to understand how help them improve performance. As a result, several NBA teams now engage Synergy’s service to help them identify great players (Laudon & Laudon, 2008). Usually, staff at Synergy will split the games into a sequence of plays. These plays are then organized by players, the particular type of play, and finally, the outcome. These data are then tagged to v
There is usually a resistance to implement new approaches and techniques to treating patients due to the firmly established traditions and norms. As a result, the evidence-based practice faces numerous serious problems and challenges. This review reveals barriers that nurse perceive when trying to implement their findings in their practice (Funk, Champagne, Tornquist, 1995). Many countries have engaged in surveying of their nursing staff on research-based activities. This reveals that this is a global challenge rather than a nationwide problem. Sandra Funk creatively offered possible explanations why nurses fail to use research findings in their daily practices. She identifies the following to be some of the challenges facing the implementation of evidence-based practices. The nurses fail to notice that they have enough authority to shift patient care procedure, shortage of time for implementing new ideas, other nurses are just unaware of the new practices, physicians, supportive staff and administration fail to cooperate in the implementation process. Other problems identified by Sandra include; failure to understand the statistical analysis and inadequate facilities to implement the new practices. Generally, according to Sandra, inadequacy of time, facilities, knowledge and negative attitude towards implementation of the new practices are the major barriers to evidence-based practices. Carol supports the idea that there exist some barriers that pose a potential hindrance to Evidence based practice implementation (Carroll et al., 1997). It is
Abstract This paper is a critical review of the literature covering the topic of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – 3 rd Edition. The paper will look at the applicability of the instrument for assessing the cognitive abilities of children giving special attention to how the freedom for distractibility index (FDI) is applied. The paper seeks to understand and shed light on the controversy connected with the FD index and how various studies have concluded or recommended about this index. Introduction The Wechsler intelligence tests were developed by Dr. David Wechsler after research to develop a universal test for adult intelligence in 1930. Dr. Wechsler held that intelligence was not only global but also depended on a variety of personality aspects. He stated that intelligence was the ability of a person to think rationally, act purposively and deal effectively with his surrounding environment (Mayes & Calhoun, 2004). The Wechsler-Bellevue intelligence scales were the first products of Dr. Wechsler’s research and were based on the fact that most tests administered to adults at the time, were mere adaptations of tests used on children (Andrew, 2010). From 1939, the Wechsler-Bellevue scales were revised and as a result, three new tests emerged testing adults, children aged between 6 and 16 and preschool children below the age of six. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was developed in 1955 due to the technical difficulties of Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scales. The WAIS has been updated over the years with the most recent being WAIS-IV released in 2003 (Robert & Dennis, 2009). The second scale developed was the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC). The first WISC was a compilation of several subtests that composed part of the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. The test also included several new subtests especially geared for children. The final intelligence scale was the Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). This test was made for children between 4 years to 6.5 years (Robert & Dennis, 2009). This study will focus on the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children 3 rd edition and its effectiveness in measuring the general cognitive ability of children. The WISC-III was developed in 1991 and was in use until 2002 when it was revised into WISC-IV. Although not extensively used nowadays, the WISC-IV is still relatively new hence no extensive research has been carried out on the test (Koyama et al., 2009). The Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, third edition (WISC-III) is an individual test based on subtests that do not require writing or reading. The Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children is an intelligence test individual administered to children between the ages of ten to sixteen years. It comprises of several tests that are verbal and non-verbal but can be completed without reading or writing. The test produces an intelligence quotient score that represents the cognitive ability of the child. The test requires a qualified psychologist who understands all the terms and co
Down Syndrome Everyone has heard about Down syndrome and met at least one person with this condition. There are some common characteristics of people with Down syndrome. They have a flat face with slanted eyes and a wide mouth. Their heads are round; foreheads are narrow; hair is soft and rare. Hands and feet are short and wide. According to Hartley et al. (2014), “Down syndrome is the most common genetic condition in the United States, currently affecting approximately one in 700 live births” (p. 2). It means that almost 6,000 babies are born with this condition every year only in the United States of America. Although there are a lot of children and adults with Down syndrome, there are still a lot of misconceptions about this disorder. For instance, when people hear about Down syndrome they often think of people who are not smart or not able to learn. Indeed, Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that is associated with some level of learning disability and physical and mental developmental delays. Nevertheless, it does not mean that people with Down syndrome cannot read, write, and live life to the fullest. Firstly, to describe Down syndrome and the life of people with this disorder, it is necessary to give a scientific definition to this condition and underline the causes. According to Stanford Children’s Health (n.d.), “Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that involves birth defects, intellectual disabilities, characteristic facial features; it often involves heart defects, visual and hearing impairments, and other health problems” (para. 2). The main cause of Down
The report under analysis examines the impact of shared-reading practices on children’s literacy skills, including oral language skills, print knowledge, and other aspects. The given report focuses on quantitative measures rather than on qualitative to measure the extent to which the interventions influences toddlers in the course of their intellectual development. The writers provide a series of studies examining the connection between children’s literacy and shared-reading interventions to define which ones are appropriate for the given study, as well as highlight the most valid studies using relevant variables. Complex and composite measures were involved to compare the studies and outline which ones reflect the actual impact. Writer’s Understanding of the Report “ To define that oral language skills are the most appropriate to use to analyze the impact of shared-reading practices, the writers have overviewed a number of related researches. While looking through various perspectives of the study, it has been defined that such variables as phonologic awareness, oral language, print knowledge, and alphabet knowledge are the most frequent ones. By presenting the studies, the authors have introduced calculations and charts presenting numerical data on the results of the study. The researchers have been consistent in presenting the findings and results of the study. To begin with, the research designs and criteria of the intervention analysis have been clearly identified. In particular, the authors focus on the analysis of randomized control trial and quasiexperimental design with reference to the evaluation of the efficiency of the interventions with the results (Lonigan et al., 2008). Nineteen studies have been presented to highlight the main outcomes of the interventions. The second stage introd
Not every US citizen can afford quality education because of financial barriers. The resolution of the education inaccessibility is utilizing student loans that allow a large number of citizens to get an affordable and crucial degree. The outcomes demonstrate that, despite the fact that student loans offer financial aid, they can discourage the willing from learning or, eventually, deepen a debt gap, especially for female graduates. One of the visible drawbacks of such a loan may be its obligatory return payments. Some scholars argue that student loans cause financial gaps and burdens, and others state that there is no such visible pressure (Akers & Chingos, 2016). Nonetheless, the society is concerned about the growing number of student loan debts that have reached $1.4 trillion and a possible crisis in which they might result (Akers & Chingos, 2016). The data demonstrate how loans cause applicants’ and students’ financial difficulties during and after the studying process and that students should obtain financial literacy to avoid exceeding expenses. The overall effectiveness of student loans is widely disputed as the students continue to accumulate debts. The research by Herzog (2018) shows that the subsidized loans deter the students’ learning motivation, especially of those of low income. Another drawback of such a measure is the emerging inequity between loan returns of female and male students (Saleh, Leslie, & Seydel, 2017). The study by Saleh et al. (2017) discovered that, due to their lower salary, female graduates experience a higher level of student loan pressure than male graduates. Considering that the loans are a need for students of modest means mostly, these subsidies may appear insufficient and gender-unbalanced. Summarizing, student loans aim to face the issue of educational inaccessibility in the US. The method allows citizens to become students, pursue a degree, and anticipate related to it highly-paid positions in the future. Nevertheless, the interest accrual causes considerable loan debts and discourages the youth, especially female students, from pursuing a degree. One of the solutions can be obtaining financial literacy and avoiding burdensome debts.