ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Property is mostly regarded as any physical or insubstantial entity that is possessed by an individual or jointly by a certain community. “Depending on the nature of the property, an owner of property has the right to consume, sell, rent, mortgage, transfer, exchange or destroy their property, and/or to exclude others from doing these things” (Kirzner, 2006). Most philosophers classify property into two (private and public). Private property is the type of property possessed by legal individuals or business bodies. It is also important to note that this is not like personal possessions owned by an individual. On the other hand, public property is the type of property mostly owned by governments or the public which is available for all. As shown by Kirzner (2006) though, “freedom of philosophy can be summed up in two words that are private property”. He says “respect for private property entails other features of a liberal capitalist society; liberty, rule of law, and strict limits on government power” (Kirzner, 2006). In an article by Arneson (1991), Locker further expounds on the issue of property by putting it in the context of an unmarried person. He says private property is superfluous, in the event it makes public property an opposition in terms. The author says the word public property is non inclusive and incoherent. The main reason for this, he says, is that property which can be exploited by anybody should not be regarded to as property because collectiveness can’t own. Arneson (1991) says “to call it property when it does not function as such is to subvert the concept into something that induces rather than averts conflict. What is typically called public property is actually de facto private property”. The author is of the opinion that property should only be private which means the public is supposed to do anything they wish except harming others in non compliant ways. This the author puts in the context of self ownership/self benefit which constitutes a disparagement of the theories that talk about property. Central to his argument, the author actually tries to present an incomplete explanation of the self ownership principle. In explaining this, he includes its harmony with particular weight on the insinuations for the rationalization of private property possession. Sanders (1987) on the other hand asserts that all theories dealing with the behaviors of people either individually or communally are expected to touch on the issue of property. Many theories can either be more or less precise on the issue of property and some can even ignore this subject for certain logical purposes. “Even though they may successfully avoid making particular assumptions or pronouncements about property, these theories are likely to have strong implications for our understanding of it” (Sanders, 1987). According to Arneson, “self-ownership is the moral principle tha
Effective communication is a vital skill for all medical professionals. The skill is indispensable for providing high-quality care and ensuring that patients’ experience is positive (1). Furthermore, research has shown the significance of effective communication for improved health outcomes (2). It can be easily forgotten that nurse-patient communication is not only verbal but also nonverbal. Nonetheless, more than half of communication consists of nonverbal behavior and allows patients to recognize many nonverbal cues, signaling, for instance, empathy or its absence (3). Consequently, this type of communication is indispensable for effective patient-nurse interactions. Nurses’ body language and paralanguage should not contradict their words but complement and accentuate them. Appropriate nonverbal signals such as moderate eye contact or a suitable tone of voice can increase patients’ trust and overall experience from a visit (4). A warn-appropriate smile can corroborate nurses’ positive intentions. Active listening expressed by facing the patient and maintaining eye contact supports the message that nurses care about their well-being. Nonverbal communication is a large source of clues for patients to interpret a nurse’s emotional and physical state, attitude, intentions, and many other factors (5). If verbal and nonverbal cues do not match, the patient might perceive insincerity, resulting in distrust, which is detrimental to nurse-patient relationships (6). Dishonesty and falsehood that surge from nonalignment of verbal and nonverbal communication is undesirable in clinical practice. Nonverbal cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, voice, space, posture, and inconsistencies shape nurse-patient relationships. Nonverbal communication constitutes a sizable portion of communication and serves as a reservoir for additional information gathered primarily unconsciously. It is of utter significance for building a trusting rapport that nonverbal cues and nurses’ verbal communication transmit the same message. In the opposite case, a sense of dishonesty might emerge as nonverbal cues eclipse words.
Introduction Health technology is a revolutionary innovation that has the potential to transform the medical sector. Medical institutions that embrace modern systems will share information much faster and improve the process of care delivery. This discussion post outlines some of the benefits patients stand to gain when more states join the Health Information Security and Privacy Collaboration (HISPC) project and implement health information exchange (HIE) systems. Health Information Exchange Patients are key stakeholders in the field of healthcare. States and institutions can embrace emerging medical technologies and participate in the Health Information Security & Privacy Collaboration (HISPC). This approach is capable of delivering positive experiences and benefits to the targeted beneficiaries. The integration of health information exchange (HIE) in the care delivery model will allow pharmacists, nurses, and physicians to share information (Health IT, n.d.). This model will allow professionals to reduce the time taken to offer personalized medical support. This approach will minimize chances of failure and improve the experiences of the targeted beneficiaries. The use of HIE is associated with improved coordination throughout the care delivery process. The systems will allow different health experts to share the collected or personal data and utilize it to make the relevant inferences. They will exchange ideas and introduce new procedures to maximize patients’ experiences. The strategy is also capable of improving the quality of services available to different individuals (Kim et al., 2017). HIE results in coordinated efforts, thereby reducing possible errors and sentinel events. These gains will improve the nature of medical practice and improve the outcomes of the targeted individuals. The process of seeking and receiving medical services is quite complex and costly. Fortunately, HIE can change the situation by allowing healthcare professionals to share files electronically and minimize unnecessary duplications for laboratory tests and diagnoses (Health IT, n.d.). Individuals can also receive timely instructions and ideas for managing their conditions remotely. The outcome is that the professionals will share resources, support the delivery of personalized care, and reduce overall medical costs. Health Information Security and Privacy Collaboration HISPC is a project intended to address the security concerns and security issues arising from the use of HIE systems. Policymakers in states that are part of this framework will identify and implement the outlined guidelines to ensure that the collected patient dat
Introduction The similarity of services found in both casino resorts and business class hotels creates an overshadowing effect that blurs the differences between them. A casino is defined by the availability of gambling facilities in a recreational facility. Casino resorts may incorporate hotel facilities for their clientele. A hotel on the other hand refers to a facility that provides lodging facilities whether on short term or long term basis. The operation of casino resorts differs from conventional hotels in the following ways. Services offered Business class hotels major in the hospitality industry, providing accommodation, whether long term or short term. The provision of accommodation involves a large scale provision of housekeeping, reception, and cleaning services. The provision of accommodation in business class hotels however must be purely profit oriented to differ it from other institutions such as hospitals or schools. The services rendered are also up to the customers’ satisfaction or per customers’ demands. Casinos on the contrary do not emphasize on the accommodation aspect of the hospitality industry. They offer gambling and gaming facilities, others even venturing online to make their services available remotely. Role of manager The management of business class hotels has specified roles which include induction of new man power, quality control, care and welfare of the clients among a wider array of other roles. These roles are all aimed at increasing customer satisfaction and maximizing
Introduction Attachment disorder- According to research done by Boris and Zeanah, 2005, attachment disorder is a condition, which occurs during the first three years of a child in which the child fails to connect, bond, or love his parents. Attachment disorder describes an emotional and behavioral condition of a young child but in some cases, this condition applies to older children and adults also. The problem generally occurs from the lack of trust, attachment, and bonding during early childhood. There is no general definition of the term attachment disorder, but it is true that this disorder arises due to the lack of attachment during the early years. The main causes of this disorder are abuse, neglect, separation from the caregiver, frequent changes in the caregivers and lack of responsiveness to the child, lack of parental attention, etc. (Boris & Zeanah, 2005). Main body According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP)(2008), confusing and frightening experiences in early childhood develop insecure attachment. Strong parent support and attachment are necessary for successful intervention. Now we will discuss what attachment is and why it is so important. Attachment- According to research done by Boris and Zeanah, 2005, we can define attachment as the emotional tie between two people. For a child, it begins with bonding with the parents. This bond is very important because it forms the basis of the child’s relationship with the world. A child’s early relationship governs his future behavior. Attachment influences every factor of a child’s life including mind, body, emotions, and relationships. Mutual bonding between a parent and a child creates attachment. It is an interactive process. Babies always have an instinct to attach to the persons who love them. She will always feel attached to a loving and caring caregiver. Even a small baby can understand and identify with the security and love provided by the parent or a caregiver. Due to this bond and attachment in young children, they learn very important things for their future life. They learn the value of basic trust and start reciprocating it. They explore the environment with a feeling of security, which is necessary for the development of early social skills. It makes them better people with strong values and they can manage their emotions. They have a positive outlook towards the family and the world. They perform better and promote secure attachment in their children. All the basic and cognitive skills are more developed and they are better equipped to face any adverse situation. Children with a base of secure attachment always perform better in all the areas as compared to the children who are deprived of this special bond. Thus, good attachment parenting not only changes children’s behavior but also changes negative beliefs. Prevention is always better than cure. Attachment is all about building relationships. Infant and children need to be physically close to their parents so that they feel safe, (Prior & Glaser,2006). According to, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psyc
Strategic management affects organizational performance and allows a company to create strategic short-and long-term plans. Following Dobson and Starkey (2004) “Governing the choice between strategic options should be the notion of competitive advantage. The firm has to identify unique opportunities for itself in its chosen area” (p. 9). Two functional areas, personal and accounting, determine the organizational success and performance of every company. Personal functional areas require flexibility and autonomy of decision-making. In this case, strategic management allows companies to determine long-term objectives and foreshadow possible short-term changes and cultural variations. The business intelligence system is extremely important in providing the input for such an assessment. Position, environmental, and projected intelligence are the bases of determining planning constraints. All plans and corporate goals are fulfilled by personal, so it is crucial to take into account cultural and social variations, rewards, and promotions issues. A personal functional area guides directional and fundamental planning activities of the firm, and are concerned with such problems as to whether to diversify and, if so, into what lines; whether new products should be added; whether acquisitions should be undertaken; where marketing investments should be directed; and, in general, the future orientation of the company. To a very large extent, success in managing a marketing operation depends on combining, integrating, and coordinating human resources that will achieve company goals (Thompson and Martin 2005). The accounting functional area helps a company to determine its performance and foreshadow strategic directions. Strategic decisions regarding major directions of an organization are contrasted with tactical decisions that carry out the strategies. Reciprocal decisions, in which one individual interacts with another and causes a reaction (such as competition), are distinguished from controlling decisions, in which one person’s actions control the actions of another without interaction. Sequential decisions involving multiple actions and reactions, like those in the marketplace, are differentiated from single decisions. Accounting is very important for strategic management because it determines possible threats and opportunities for investment and financial performance. The latter can be judged on the basis of efficiency; the former depends on normati
Introduction A journal article dubbed “Technological change and professional control in the professoriate” by David Johnson is of significant importance in understanding the risks that changes in technology might pose to the social life as analysed in this paper. This article is related to the course as it addresses the risks that technological growth might pose to the education system. Risk is one of the themes tackled in this course. Main arguments Johnson argues that technological advancement is posing a major threat to professional control, especially in the academic system (Johnson 2013). He claims that the introduction of instructional technologies in the learning institutions is likely to compromise professional control. These arguments are relative depending on the perspective that the reader is looking them. One can hardly ascertain the arguments raised here without conducting a thorough research. Even though technology has facilitated in the enhancement of some operations like addressing crimes, it has eventually eliminated some instances of physical involvement of the respective professionals (Chan 2007). Chan argues that the same case might happen in the education system. Claims that technological change will gradually eat away at professional control in the education field are evident in areas such as decision-making process. Professionals in the education field play a significant role in decision-making processes on matters to do with education. However, currently, technological breakthrough in the field of artificial intelligence has made it easy for institutions to use technology in making critical decisions affecting the organisation. The same case might happen in the academic institutions as time goes by. Decisions that were once left to professionals would be made using computer technology. These would lockout professionals from the control of operations within the institutions. Johnson argues that technological changes will not only lock out professionals from the decision-making process, but it will also deny them control of research roles and delimit their teaching responsibilities. Prior to technological advancements, professionals were responsible for all research assignments in education institutions. They assumed the responsibility of identifying and managing researches to the end. Hiltz and Turoff (2005) argue that technological advancement has made it possible for institutions to conduct research efficiently and cheaply. The question now will be, why depend on professionals who are expensive and time consuming when technology can facilitate to carryout the same study efficiently and cheaply? It is logical that education institutions will turn to technology since it is cheap and efficient. Counterarguments Light, Cox, and Calkins (2009) argu
Introduction Classical music has remained relevant in music for a long period even after the end of classical period. Classical period, between 1950 and 1825 brought great changes in Europe. The influence of this period was also reflected in the classical music. Among the major event in this era were rise of Napoleon Bonaparte and the fall of Monarchy rule in France. As it has always been, musicians tried to understand and interpret the events in this era. Beethoven and Tchaikovsky are some of re-known artists that featured Napoleon in their works. Classical Period Classical period came between the year 1750 and 1825. This period experienced various discoveries, famous individual and events. Among the important happenings experienced in this period, include the discovery of electricity, American Revolution to French revolution (Bour, 1967, p121). Among famous individuals in this period includes, George Washington, Napoleon Bonaparte and King Lois XIV of France. Likewise, famous classical artists such as Francisco de Gova Eugene Delacroix, John Constable, Tchaikovsky and Beethoven also marked the period (Burrows, 2005, p89). The term, classical, as used in art is used to show the characteristic of works of art in this period. Starting from around 1750’s artist, architects and musician wanted to separate them from opulence observed in Baroque period. Instead, the artist wanted to frame their works of art to clean, uncluttered style used in classical Greece. In consequence, the period is referred to as classic to show the desire of the artists to emulate ancient Greeks’ works. Classical art had characteristic that were different from the early Baroque period. Unlike the Baroque period where most works of arts were dedicated to the church, classical arts addressed subjects that are more secular. Due to political upheavals experienced in Europe in this period, the Church and Monarchs failed to be the only benefactors of works of art. From this changed, new aristocratic leader became the main feature in art. The aristocracy were appealed by music that were impersonalized but with good melody. The result of this was music aimed at entertainment that characterised classical music. Most of the classical music composer composed and performed their work for commercial purpose (Burrows, 2005, p123). For instance, most of classical music was composed for ceremonies, parties of for individuals. Although Vienna was the main place where most classical music were composed, there was pockets of composers were found across Europe. Among the major achievement in classical period, include development of symphonic form, sonata, string quartets, popularity of opera, and invention of modern piano and development of various themes. Among famous composers in this period, include Christopher Willibald, Franz Joseph Haydn, Franz Schubert, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig Von Beethoven and Peter Tchaikovsky. Works of arts of classical era reveals the issues that touched people during the period. French revolution is one of the major events that marked the period. The main figure the French revolution is Napoleon Bonaparte.
The development of technology has been regarded as something really positive. However, many researchers claim that people often become technology addicts. The use of smartphones has become one of the most burning issues. Notably, researchers agree that smartphones have made people’s lives a bit easier as they enable people to stay in touch irrespective of distance. Some people praise smartphones for making their lives easier and more informative. Many people think that such gadgets as smartphones fit the contemporary world which suggests enormous amount of information every minute. However, it is necessary to understand whether people need all that amount of information available. Thus, researchers argue that excessive use of smartphones can make people less productive, more stressed and even dumber. For instance, Mithas (2012) claims that lots of people have become addicts as they cannot imagine their lives without these gadgets checking their messages and email all the time. This may seem quite a harmless addiction. However, it is far from being so. Hoppel (2012) notes that this addiction negatively affects health care professionals. The author provides results of a survey which confirm that perfusionists used smartphones during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures: 49.2% sent messages, 21% checked their email, 15.1% surfed the Internet, 3.1% posted on social networking sites (Hoppel, 2012). Of course, this kind of distraction often leads to negative outcomes. In the first place, the health care professionals may make mistakes as they miss details while using their smartphones. Secondly, these people do not develop their professional skills as they are distracted by gadgets instead of being focused on procedures and treating patients. Apart from this, surveys held at the University of California (San Francisco) suggest that excessive use of smartphones negatively affects people’s cognitive abilities (Richtel, 2010, B1). On the one hand, the use of smartphones negatively affects development of short-term memory in people. Admittedly, people do not try to memorize any information (dates, arrangements, names, etc.) as they can simply use their smartphones to develop their schedules. On the other hand, it is also found that the abundance of information negatively affects people. Thus, an individual perceives certain amount of information, and some time is needed to create “a persistent memory” (Richtel, 2010, B1). However, now people do not have any breaks and the cognitive process is distorted. More so, Clifford Nass argues that people “are not built to do a multitude of tasks at one time” (Stanford Graduate School of Business, 2011, n.p.). However, smartphones overload people with various tasks like speaking, watching, texting, etc. All this leads to a great deal of fatigue. People get stressed. Fatigue, in its turn, results in low productivity. Therefore, it is obvious that smartphones can be regarded as false friends. It is quite easy to become a smartphone addict and this can bring various problems to the fore. People should be aware of the dark side of