ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Susan Minot, the person behind the masterpiece short story Lust, creates and brings out the main character of the story in a unique manner. The protagonist’s relationship with the other characters in the story brings it out her uniqueness as opposed to her physical appearance. Through her actions and feelings, the audience sees her real part in the story. Lust’s narrator does not have a name, but she is in her teenage years going to a religious academy that is located away from her home. The narrator comes out as a promiscuous person right from the beginning of the story when she says, “Leo was from a long time ago, the first one I ever saw nude” (Minot 3). Her relationships seem to be mostly with boys as opposed to associating with girls of her age. She is also sexually active as she confesses, “he kisses my palm and then directs my hand to his fly” (Minot 6). Her sexual escapades with different boys set the plot of the story. Even without the name of the main character, the audience can tell how she behaves and relates with others, which brings out the imbalance of power that exists between men and women particularly when it comes to sex. The powerful sexual desire that men in this story have completely overcomes the narrator. Minot uses both the first and second person throughout the story whereby in some instances she uses “I” as she talks about her life experiences. For instance, she says, “I had tasted Bruce’s tongue” (Minot 3), while in others she uses “you”, which stands for all women in general; fro instance, she posits, “You begin to feel like a piece of pounded veal” (Minot 16). The main character portrays behaviors of being overtly promiscuous such that in one instance, she admits that sleeping around was a normal thing that did not worry her at all. However, she discloses her fears of the promiscuous life by confessing, “All the next day, you’d be in a total fog, delirious, absent-minded, crossing the stress and nearly getting run over” (Minot 10). She goes on to state that for a boy sleeping with many girls was a good thing whilst for a girl it was an ominous thing to sleep around. This aspect shows that despite portraying a “do not care” attitude, at times she knew what she was doing was wrong and it was eating her from the inside. However, it is only at the end of the story that the narrator brings out her fears and worries. The narrator brings about the emotional detachment the main character has with authority figures; for instance, her parents. It is very easy for the audience to see there is no emotional bond that exists between her and her parents. She says, “My parents had no idea…parents never really know what’s going on, especially when you’re away at school most o
Infection Control Manual: Overview Purposes   * To improve hand hygiene practices among nurses and to foster infection control in the setting.   * To comply with National Patient Safety Goals. Indications for hand hygiene The nurse should wash hands/apply alcohol-based sanitizers. . .   * When arrived at work,   * If hands are visibly contaminated,   * Before donning/after taking off gloves,   * Before and after contact with a patient, and so on. The setting selected for the present evidence-based research project utilizes a comprehensive infection control manual to promote and maintain hand hygiene among nurses. The major purposes of the given document are to improve patient safety within the hospital and to ensure that all staff members comply with the national standards of professional conduct and national healthcare goals. The organizational policy indicates precisely in which situations hand washing and other hygiene procedures such as alcohol-based hand rubs should be practiced to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections (NIs) in pediatric patients. For instance, it suggests practitioners wash hands/apply hand antiseptic agents before performing invasive procedures, before and after touching inanimate sources of contamination, between contacts with different patients and so on. The document comprises exact indications for hand hygiene practice: it states in which cases hand washing and hand antisepsis is imperative. For instance, decontamination of hands is required after each contact with a patient and equipment, after removing gloves, after visible contamination of hands, before eating, and so on. Hand Hygiene Procedures and Practices   * Purpose:       + To physically remove transient microbial contamination acquired from contacts with patients and hospital environment.   * Procedures:       + Equipment cleansing,       + Handwashing,       + Utilization of alcohol-based hand rubs,       + Skin care. The document also contains a list of basic hand hygiene procedures aimed to remove different types of contamination. The given section is divided into four major parts: equipment, hand washing/hand hygiene policy (with procedural steps and rationale), skin care, and other aspects of hand hygiene. For instance, the policy/manual prohibits wearing artificial nails at the medical site and recommends nurses keep their nail tips about 1/4 inch long. Additionally, the policy includes other evidence from professional guidelines and standards by the CDC, WHO, and APIC. Evidence Search Methods   * Utilized databases:       + PubMed,       + Google Scholar,       + EBSCO Host.   * Keywords:       + Hand hygiene procedures,       + Nurse handwashing practices,       + Clinical hand hygiene protocols. The analysis of the current organizational hand hygiene policy and procedures is conducted based on recent research
Introduction This paper explores the customer Traveler trends and performs a need-based analysis of customers’ expectations. In January 2008, Signature Hotels is planning to open its location in the heart of downtown Toronto. The Toronto Signature Hotel is an 850-room hotel, which will be opening its doors on Jan 2008 at the corner of King and Bay Street in Toronto. The hotel has brand new rooms with amenities like a complimentary shuttle to and from the airport, business center, whirlpool, sauna, outdoor sundeck, bathrobe, hairdryer, coffee/tea for the morning, same-day dry cleaning, and much more. Their banquets and meeting rooms are available at great prices with a total meeting space of 22,445 sq. ft. Target Customer needs and preferences when traveling Kevin (et all, 2006) has researched the innovative practices used by hotels to satisfy customer needs and preferences, specifically business travelers and also women business travelers who have increased needs of safety and privacy. The research shows that the professionalism of front-line staff was rated as a top individual item with the highest level of agreement among managers in achieving and maintaining competitiveness. As the nature of the hospitality industry is to provide service through people, front-line staffs, who have direct contact with customers, play an essential role in delivering quality service. Choi (16 April 2007) has suggested that business travelers try to fit in some pleasure along with the business trip. The author has given details from the National Business Travel Association, which suggests that 62 percent of U.S. business travelers add a leisure component to at least one business trip every year and two-thirds said that they also bring along a family member of a friend to the trip. Current expectations CNN (Chan, 14 August 2007) has reported that there is a change in the profile of the business traveler and this segment includes women, single parents, double-income families, people who would like to take their families, spouse or kids along and those who look forward to combining a vacation along with the business trip. When people come with their kids or other family members, they expect some type of entertainment, sightseeing facilities, and those with young kids expect a small playpen, a decent swimming pool, and other such facilities. The article a
Introduction Main idea The humanity dreams about innovative technologies and quantum machines, allowing to make the most complicated mathematical calculations in billionths of a second but forgets how quickly the progress of computers has occurred for the last forty years. Data volumes, sizes, and productivity of modern devices have been updated so much that ancestral forms can be called “dinosaurs” of informatics. Thesis Statement The modern computers are largely updated in comparison with the ancestral forms from 1980. Pioneer among Computers The development of electronics contributed to the appearance of a non-primitive computing device. By the second half of the twentieth-century, specialists already had at their disposal advanced resistors, relays, and chip elements by those standards of the time (Grudin, 2017). Thus, the first personal computers created for commercial sale to users were presented to the public in the mid-1970s: it was a small staffed device with a processor clock frequency of 1 MHz and RAM up to 48 kilobytes from Apple (Safian, 2018). Despite so few hardware features, this computer was a pioneer, expanding the field for creativity to all other companies. Body Paragraph 1 – Discussion Point 1: Processor Topic Sentence Over forty years, processors have undergone enormous changes, acquiring considerable computing power. Subject A – Supporting Detail 1 By the end of the 1970s, the market was filled with a wide variety of variations of eight-bit processors. The sales leaders were companies that deserved respect among modern consumers as well – Intel and Motorola (Zimmermann, 2017). Subject A – Supporting Detail 2 Since 1980, there has been a revolution in the world of computer technologies, as 16-bit and even 32-bit models replaced the old processors (Grudin, 2017). Processors of that time were produced by the 3-micrometer technological processor, although in 1982, Intel brought this figure to 1.5 (Martindale, 2020). At the same time, the clock frequency of the processor did not exceed 10 MHz, and the bit rate of registers was 16 bits. The amount of data nested in the device was 1 Mbyte. Subject B – Supporting Detail 1 In 2020, these parameters do not seem to be as grandiose. For comparison, the flagship line of 10th generation Intel Core i7 processors, which most adequately describes the achievements of modern circuits, has 14-nanometer lithography, a base clock frequency up to 2.60 GHz and 128 gigabytes of memory (Martindale, 2020). Such results allow us to achieve billions of calculated actions per second. Subject B – Supporting Detail 2 However, it should be remembered that processors for computers, as a rule, are based on a microscopic silicon crystal, and silicon technology is rapidly approaching the limit of its physical capabi
In the modern world of business, companies often have to engage in stiff competition with numerous rivals to survive and make profits. Apart from the competition, there exist other factors that may influence an enterprise’s performance. For instance, while taxes allow the government to function and finance various projects, high corporate tax rates decrease the profits of companies. Furthermore, firms may worsen their own performance if they do not carefully consider their future activity, for example, by assessing their projects. In this paper, the influence of corporate tax rates and the importance of project valuation, cash flows, and risk analysis will be discussed. Higher corporate tax rates are usually considered to have an adverse effect on corporate business practices. They decrease the profits of a company, and are, therefore, generally viewed as an additional expenditure. Lower profits may result in a slower pace of growth of a firm and the inability to hire new employees, which also adversely affects the employment rate in the region. Furthermore, if the tax is too high, an enterprise may have to start laying off workers. In some cases, businesses may relocate to a region where the tax rates are lower, or start creating products that are subsided by the government (Financial Web, n.d.). In addition, higher corporate tax rates “are also associated with lower investment in manufacturing but not in services, a larger unofficial economy, and greater reliance on debt as opposed to equity finance” (Djankov, Ganser, McLiesh, Ramalho, & Shleifer, 2010, p. 59). At the same time, lower corporate tax rates may stimulate the development of businesses. On the other hand, the effects of particular corporate tax rates may vary depending on the other tax rates, such as VAT, personal income tax rates, and sales taxes (Djankov et al., 2010). It is clear, however, that the state may need money obtained by taxation on purposes such as healthcare and education. Thus, it is paramount that all the tax rates are balanced and do not overburden either business or e.g., individual people, while still allowing for adequate funding of essential projects. There exist a number of reasons why it is important for a company to have project valuation, cash flow, and risk analysis. It is known that people often tend to be excessively optimistic when expecting future events; one of the reasons for this is the fact that it is difficult to forecast all the complications that may emerge, especially without careful analysis. Because of this, the actual value and cash flows for a certain project can vary greatly from what was originally expected by the firm if a thor
Abstract Diversification is a costly process. However, regardless of its costliness, most investors give preference to international diversification of their portfolios due to the potential benefits of similar decisions. Still, there are different tools for diversifying foreign investment portfolios. However, the paper at hand will focus on one of the – American Depositary Receipts or ADRs. In simple terms, these are stocks of foreign companies available on the stock exchanges operating in the United States. They are commonly invested in due to a variety of benefits, including options for decreased barriers to injecting funds in foreign companies, entering developing and developed markets, timely dividends and corporate action notifications, purchasing and selling foreign stocks easily, etc. Therefore, the objective of the given report is to study the benefits of ADRs mentioned above in detail, describe some other advantages, and make an attempt to explain what makes this diversification tool so attractive with the special focus on economic fundamentals of the countries issuing them. Introduction As the national economies become more open and interconnected, the borders between states are becoming nearly transparent. It is true for almost all areas of international economic relations, and investment is not an exception to the overall rule. Deeper integration of the global economy is connected to the emergence of the international platform for investments. With the increased bonds between states, national investors began searching for options of injecting funds in foreign companies without leaving their countries. The very process of investing in different organizations is referred to as diversification of investment portfolios. It has become especially popular over the last several decades (Pleven, 2014). However, regardless of its popularity, diversification is associated with increased costs. Still, even though it is a costly process, most investors are interested in taking this step, as they count for potential benefits of diversi
Feminine characters have been used by different authors to develop nationalism as a theme in their literary works. The women characters may either be used to carry on the patriotic engagements of the nationalists or be used antagonistically against the nationalists. Nevertheless, most authors opt to use feminine characters to depict their feminine contribution to nationalism. This is done intentionally to emphasize the actual role played by women towards nationalism that is often assumed. In Season of Migration to the North, Hosna Bint Mahmoud supports the nationalist activities of the unnamed narrator (Salih 33). The narrator recalls the plight of Sudanese women in England and the challenges they encounter in their relationships. Thus, the narrator is against cultural oppression and suppression, which is evident throughout society, and his father is surprised (Mahfouz 23). Although he does not speak out his mind, the flow of thoughts in his mind reveals his burning urge to advocate for the liberation of women in society making his thoughts are in line with Hosna Bint Mahmoud. When his husband Mustafa dies, plans are underway to forcefully marry her off to Wad Reyes and although the narrator is opposed to this, he still does not comment on the situation. Hosna makes up her mind to reject the forced marriage and ends up murdering Wad Reyes. She, like the narrator, is opposed to the oppression of women. Return of the Spirit presents Muhsin as the nationalist (Al-Hakim 43). The author develops him as a nationalist and a patriot who aspires to be the voice of the Egyptians. He revolts against his father’s opulence and opts to spend his time with the farm workers. Furthermore, Muhsin is opposed to the British colonization of Egypt, and this earns him a jail sentence. The important virtue of noting about Muhsin is that he is not interested in material wealth, but strictly follows the desires of his heart to fight for the liberation of Egypt from colonial rule. On the other hand, Saniya is a beautiful lady who subsequently rejects Muhsin’s hand in marriage and ends up marrying Mustafa. She symbolically represents the new awakened Egypt and initially finds a hard time in choosing a potential husband between Muhsin and Mustafa. Mustafa has roots in Turkey; hence, he is not purely Egyptian. Thus, Saniya opts to follow her heart and marry a man he has fallen in love with and not because of material wealth. She, like Muhsin, sticks to their hearty convictions. There exist similarities between Hosna in Season of Migration to the North and Saniya in Return of the Spirit with regards to the ideal of unity that nationalism projects. The women in both books are used to bring forth the idea of equal gender participation in nationalism. For instance, Hosna concurs with the narrator on the need to allow women to make individual decisions. This is brought out when she rejects the arranged marriage to Wad while Saniya,
The United States has a long history of using public places, especially in towns and cities, to dissent through protests as a means of expressing people’s feelings. Indeed, the United States was founded through protests and dissent against the authoritarian and oppressive rule of the British Crown in the 1770s and 1780s. Between the time of independence and the mid-1900s, protests were common as people expressed their feelings towards certain issues in public places (Loukaitou-Sideris & Ehrenfeucht, 2009). Historical accounts provide evidence that most of the protests during this period took place in open, especially across streets, and were often violent as the protestors would block traffic and force the police to respond violently (Loukaitou-Sideris & Ehrenfeucht, 2009). Indeed, most protestors at the time cited their rights under the First Amendment, but authorities would use their own interpretation of the statute to suppress the dissidents (O’Neill, 2006). It was not until the 1930s that the use of parks and sidewalks started becoming the official places for protests and dissents. Courts started defining the type of protests that should be allowed and the places that they should take place in the 1930s. Specifically, in the case law Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization , 307 U.S. 496 (1939), the Supreme Court ruled that the authorities’ ban on political meetings in streets, parks, and sidewalks were in violation of the right to freedom of assembly as provided in the First Amendment. Consequently, people were provided with the right to protest in parks and on sidewalks (Loukaitou-Sideris & Ehrenfeucht, 2009). However, the police continued to respond to such protests with excessive force and violence throughout the 1960s and 1970s (O’Neill, 2006). Indeed, violent protests and police responses in this era throughout the U.S. triggered the federal authorities to consider attempts to resolve the problem. In July 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson established the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice (O’Neill, 2006). One of the key issues in the report by the commission indicated that the riots in big cities across the country were violent because of commonplace encounters between the citizens and the police. The commission further stated that the problems could be solved if the protestors and the police agreed on the time and places of protests. The Kenner Commission of 1967 and the Eisenhower Commission of 1968 further stressed the need for securing places for demonstrations to prevent city-wide street protests that were often violent (Loukaitou-Sideris & Ehrenfeucht, 2009). The outcome of these commissions was a ‘negotiated management model,’ which required the police and the demonstrators to negotiate on time, place, and manner of protests as a means of preventing violent encounte
At one time or another, we have likely wondered whether God exists. Such a question has not escaped the attention of philosophers over the years. In particular, as it will be seen here, Descartes developed an interesting theory to propose that God exists. As can be expected, several theories were in turn evolved to counter the argument of Descartes. One particular theory developed to challenge the theory of Descartes, which is of interest to this paper, is the Perfect Island theory. After reviewing the Descartes ontology as well as the perfect Island theory, this paper will seek to explain why the Perfect Island theory is not convincing enough to counter Descartes’ argument that God exists. Descartes employs a very simple and yet a very informing approach that is normally used in our everyday understanding of things to present his argument (Nolan). How do we understand things? Normally, for each and every real idea that we have in our minds, say the idea of a geometric figure such as a triangle, we can clearly and distinctly be able to assign some attributes to this real idea in our minds (Nolan). For example, in the case of a geometric triangle, we can clearly and distinctly assign an attribute that the sum of angles in a triangle will always compose of two right angles (Nolan). If we are not able to clearly and distinctly identify an idea with some attributes, then such an idea is not real to us (Nolan). By acknowledging such an understanding, we lay a foundation for proving the existence of God (Nolan). For sure, we do have an idea in our minds that there exists a supreme, perfect and all powerful being (Nolan). For this idea of an all powerful and perfect being in our minds, we can clearly and distinctly assign the attribute that such a being must necessarily exist (Nolan). By talking about necessary existence, what is implied here is that since such a being is perfect and all powerful, it is only possible for the being to be perfect and all powerful if the being is independent and does not in any way depend on any other being (Nolan). It can therefore be seen that the all powerful and supreme being has always existed independently, and therefore, necessarily exists (Nolan). It is therefore true that God exists. In summary, Descartes implies that since we do have an idea of a being that is all powerful and perfect, and since we can distinctly and clearly assign the attribute of necessarily existence to this being (arising from the fact that the being is perfect), then, God exists (Nolan). Besides, considering that as human beings, we all know that we are imperfect, the idea of perfection, which we obtain through intuition, can only arise in our minds from God-who is perfect (Nolan). The perfect Island theory is a common theory that is accredited wi