ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Informed consent involves the process through which a healthcare professional informs a health seeker on issues concerning the risks, the importance, and substitutes of given health action. Informed consent is both a principle and legal requirement for medical specialists in the United States. The informed agreement must come from the patient’s directive on what happens to their body (Millum & Bromwich, 2021). Documentation of all the essentials should be performed on the patient, for instance, the nature of the technique used, the dangers and the importance of the procedure, and the level of patient understanding. The exercise makes it clear that the patient is participating in the choice of his health. Several exceptions are undertaken for the process, for instance, in case of emergencies, incapability to make a decision. Informed consent for having treatment withheld is allowed and it is a legal right, the patient can give consent or even limit it. Withholding of the treatment may be a result of the patient religious background, customs, and beliefs and all of this must be well documented. Refusal of a treatment plan by the client may lead to the threatening outcome of other elements. Consent can be introverted anytime and compliance to stop the treatment should be adhered to (Rodger, 2021). If withholding treatment would be unsafe, a legal process should be followed according to health acts. Before beginning any medical procedure on the affected health seekers ensure they are well informed and have the necessary measure put in place. Patient rights should be well adhered to despite the client refusing treatment. In an area of specialization, patients should know more about what they are practicing or undertaking. This enables the patient to gain the required confidence for the services they are being offered. It creates a way for them to trust the services that are being offered to them and that the expert has the required skills (Zhang et al., 2018). It gives room for the individual to explore the medical field and also be guided whenever one makes mistakes. A series of events and activities are done in the area of specialization, it enables one to build enough confidence and self-esteem to handle different medical tasks. Patients should know that y
Interest Rate Parity The theory of interest rate parity (IRP) suggests that there exists uniformity between the rates of return (RoR) on similar assets between two nations. It posits that the actions of global investors provoke adjustments in the spot exchange rate. Similarly, the interest rate parity postulates that transaction that takes place on a financial account of a country determines the exchange rate on the Forex market. However, the theory of the purchasing power parity contradicts the IRP theory because it postulates that adjustments in the exchange rate are stimulated by the activities of exporters and importers whose transactions are captured on the current account. The interest parity in the asset markets is typically brought about by actions of investors. Consequently, interest parity can be used to generate a model for exchange rate determination. Comparative static exercises can address an issue such as what would befall the exchange rate if the US interest rates were to rise? There are several assumptions that must be made in order to assess this question. For example, economists assume that the values of all other exogenous variables remain constant when the interest rate is altered. In practical terms, an economist evaluates what occur to an endogenous variable (i.e. Exchange rate) following a rise in an exogenous variable (i.e. US interest rate) when all other exogenous variables are kept constant. The state of equilibrium shown in the figure (see appendix) depicts the IRP condition. The graph shows the equilibrium exchange rate which fulfils the IRP provision. For example, the figure shows the RoR diagram where the RoR equations are plotted against the exchange rate (E$/£). The RoR$ is plotted as a vertical line at the US interest rate level (i$) because the former is independent of the exchange rate. The RoR$ stays constant as the exchange rate fluctuates. Conversely, there is an inverse relationship between the RoR£ and the exchange rate. In other words, as E$/£ increases, the RoR£ decreases. The exchange rate ratio depicts the anticipated percentage adjustment with respect to the value of the British pound. If the percentage change assumes a positive value, then investors will be optimistic that the value of the British pound will increase during the investment period. Since the value of the pound is expected to appreciate, it will augment the aggregate RoR on the British investment. When the $/£ exchange rate is inferior to the equilibrium rate in the IRP model, the RoR on British pounds will surpass the rate of return on US dollars. This means that the demand for the British pound will increase due to the associated superior rate of return. Accordingly, the value of the British pound will increase until the equilibrium level is attained. Similarly, when the $/£ exchange rate is below the equilibrium level, the RoR on US assets will surpass the rate of return on British assets. Consequently, the demand for US assets wi
Purpose The purpose of research developed in the chosen article is to identify possible personal and situational variables that may affect employee theft in a certain work setting and explain their relation to unethical behavior that may be characterized by conceptual and empirical bases. Design/methodology/approach Five different hypotheses are offered in the study to clarify the reasons and peculiar features of employee theft. The author uses a survey and relies on the results obtained from an experimental setting and a questionnaire based on several open-ended questions. 270 customers from different customer service companies that offer financial help to people are invited. 142 participants are the employees of the companies with special ethics programs, and 128 participants are the employees of the companies where no ethics programs are offered. A 2x2x2 factorial design was developed to investigate the relationships between the chosen independent variables which were moral development, a victim of theft, and an ethics program. Findings The findings of the study are based on the past achievements made by the same author, Greenberg, during the last several years and such researchers as Trevino and Murphy. However, their works were not the only sources of information. New interesting facts were observed during the survey developed in the study. It was proved that moral development, as the main personal independent variable, and corporate ethics programs, as t
Introduction Conventionally, movies underscore common issues that touch on the society and thus they share common themes because they present issues that affect people in society. For instance, romance movies integrate several other themes into the romantic scenes, which allow them to focus on other pertinent societal issues such as wealth, violence, and politics among others. In essence, movies do not only have a major theme, which makes them unique, but they also have minor themes that are essential in reflecting the state of society under which the actors operate. Minor themes are important because they provide background information about the movie and its characters. The popular themes in movies are social class, gender roles, hedonism, politics, romance, and warfare among others. [1] In the aspect of romance, movies examine themes such obsessive love, passionate love, and destructive love amongst other themes that fascinate viewers. In spite of generational changes, movies focus on same themes, which make them similar to past movies of about a half a century ago. Thus, this essay compares the two movies, viz. Gone with the Wind (1939) and Dr. Zhivago (2002). The movies share similar themes like romance, revolution, and slavery in their setting and plot. Romance Romance is a common theme in both movies. The movie Gone with the Wind (1939) depicts romantic experiences of Scarlett O’Hara, the protagonist. Scarlett is a daughter of a plantation owner in the Clayton County, Georgia, and since she has a poor background, she uses all means at her disposal to loosen the chains of poverty that have entangled her lie for a decidedly long time. In the process of searching for a lover, she realizes that Ashley Wilkes is wooing her cousin, Melanie Hamilton, and wants to marry soon. This realization prompts Scarlett to devise ways of winning Wilkes to her side. Hence, Scarlett makes advances and convinces Wilkes that she loves him very much. [2] Moreover, Scarlett begins to date Rhett Butler, but he realizes that she is also dating Wilkes. When Scarlett sees that both Wilkes and Butler do not like her anymore, she acts desperately by deciding to date Charles Hamilton, brother to Melanie Hamilton. Unfortunately, Charles Hamilton dies after impregnating her and she becomes a widow at an early age of 16 years. Hence, it is evident that the movie Gone with the Wind (1939) is a romantic movie. Likewise, Dr. Zhivago (2002) is a romantic movie that portrays life and love experiences of Yury Zhivago. He is a young man living with his aunt and uncle because his father committed suicide following corrupt business deals. As Zhivago grows up, he undergoes a series of relationships in search of a true lover. Eventually, he finds Lara Guishar, whom he loves passionately courtesy of overwhelming infatuations. Incidentally, Lara Guishar’s mother is the lover of Komarosky, the man who made his father die. [3] When Zhivago realizes this, he opts to marry his cousin, Tonya. Although Zhivago marries Tonya, he later changes his mind after meeting Lara; unfortunately, when Lara’s husband returns from combat and becomes a powerful leader in the Soviet re
There are numerous implications for a Health Service Department moving from a cost center to a profit center. It is essential to first differentiate between the two subdivisions. A cost center is a financial department that is in charge of the costs of a company. On the other hand, a profit center is responsible for the profit of an organization. The former is concerned with minimizing costs, whereas the latter aims to maximize revenues and earn profits for an organization (Mukhopadhyay, n.d.). A cost center is typically less complex than a profit center because it deals with costs only, while the latter covers costs, revenues, and profits. This makes the scope of a cost center narrower in comparison to a profit center. The health service business also differentiates between centralized and decentralized systems. Centralization in healthcare refers to a healthcare management system where certain roles such as decision-making are performed by one person or a small group of people. It is the organization of departments and services into fewer units (Sreeramareddy & Sathyanarayana, 2019). Centralization can happen at a national level where few people decide the path that the healthcare system of a country takes. It could also happen at an organizational level and involves the consolidation of departments or functions. For example, centralization may refer to the storage of patient data in one platform, such as electronic health records (EHR). In contrast, decentralization refers to healthcare that is controlled or managed by many people. This implies that decisions are made by various people within the system rather than top executives. An example of decentralization is when key decision-makers from state and local levels meet to set goals and plans for healthcare provision. Although the healthcare industry has increasingly become commercialized, it can still return to its mission of serving people regardless of their economic status. Healthcare professionals have an ethical responsibility to provide care to all people whether or not they have the means to pay for the services. In the United States, this could be difficult since providing care to people without insurance can bankrupt hospitals. However, a program known as Medicaid provides healthcare coverage to underprivileged people (Currie & Duque, 2019). Some of the services provided under Medicaid include inpatient and outpatient services, laboratory services, and physician visits. Although there are some criteria to be met before being covered by Medicaid, the program covers a significant part of the population that has historically been underserved. Examples of such groups include low-income populations, the elderly, people with impairments, and pregnant women (Currie & Duque, 2019). Healthcare providers can also provide free or subsidized care at community levels with the help of financial aid and other assisted programs. They can serve those without insurance by directing them to programs such as Medicaid and providing such subsidized care. When public hea
Introduction During the growing stages of a child, the brain is also developing and its growth depends on daily experiences. If the experiences are traumatic, a person will have severe consequences in his or her childhood and adulthood. Physical and mental growth will delay because of traumatic events. Depending on the culture of people, some traumas are more prevalent than others are. Spiritual development can help a child cope with trauma through empowerment and impartation of positive beliefs (Roehlkepartain, King, Wagener & Benson, 2005). Effect of trauma on neural development During the growth of a baby in the womb, neural development takes place beginning with a mere neural plate (Feldman, 2014). Any form of trauma generating from both internal and external sources is enough to cause extreme alteration in neural development. Neurons are cells responsible for making the brain. In the development process, neurons form webs that connect various systems. The brain controls all functions through these systems. The progress of these functions is sequential, implying that former experiences can influence future growth. There is a particular stage of brain development in a child when traumatic experiences can gravely change the neural pathways. Brain development of a child influences all other growth including physical growth. Neural networks develop very fast and rely on the recurrence of experiences. Experiences shape the brain on how to react to different events. When a child experiences traumatic events, the neural networks receiving the most application are those reacting to the trauma. As a result, the growth of networks responsible for adaptive behavior slows down. This can lead to impairment later when the child becomes an adult. During childhood, the brain is very malleable and therefore prone to change. Therefore, trauma can have adverse effects during childhood. How spiritual development can counter effects of trauma Spiritual development can transform the negative effects of trauma through application of faith. Faith is a strong belief of possessing something without necessarily seeing it. Through faith, a person can alter and stop the effects of trauma. There are different forms of faith and each is distinctive. When a child is two years and below, primal faith is established which is responsible for developing trust. Adolescence to adulthood stage applies conventional faith to know God’s purpose and apply it for protection against bad experiences (Roehlkepartain, King, Wagener & Benson, 2005). Spirituality helps a person to believe in a greater power that is beyond his or her own ability. This will help a person have a meaningful life because of faith in a greater power who will bring comfort and love during trauma. Fa
What was it about? Created in the early18 th century, the Landscape Movement was a concept propagated by many professionals including artists, philosophers, poets and scientists (Szilágyi 176). According to Szilágyi, the movement was about the gentle rolling water and hills planned against a backdrop of woodland with assemblies of trees in the locale (177). It was inspired by the Dutch landscape paintings done in the 16 th and 17 th century. The movement developed to include shrubs and perennial plants sweeping in a painterly design with meandering gravel alleyways. Who was behind the movement? There were four key figures who were considered the fathers of the landscape movement. These were: William Kent, 1685-1738, Humphrey, Repton, 1752-1818, Charles Bridgeman, 1690-1738 and Lancelot Brown, 1716-1783 (Langmead and Garnaut 109). William held the belief that the landscape should be motivated by nature, but should at the same time match the built environment, while Lancelot brought in the idea of replacing the geometric structures with rolling lawns and panoramic views to create the illusion of a bigger landscape (Langmead and Garnaut 109). What caused the movement? The Landscape Movement was driven by several factors. The first one was Louis XIV’s death in 1715 as it encouraged English people to abandon the French style and way of life. According to Harmer, the Englishmen were tired of what they called “foreign influence” and wanted change (par. 12). Secondly, with change in social attitudes, the modern gardens were no longer people’s preference. English people were tired of the congested and polluted urban environment and preferred a landscape that would provide them with a serene environment, full of fresh and clean air (Harmer par. 3). There was, therefore, the need for new landscapes that would satisfy these requirements hence people embraced the idea of the English landscapes whole-heartedly. Finally, formal gardens were more costly and required intensive care and maintenance. Hence, it was more convenient for the people to adopt the English landscapes because these gardens were cheap and required minimal maintenance practices (Harmer par. 15). How widespread was the movement? What was its influence? The movement took place in England, hence its name ‘the English Landscape Movement’, and had several influences on the people who embraced it. People were more interested in open-air entertainment and the English landscapes gave them the ideology that the beauty of nature should not be consumed wholly at once, but should be something that unfolds with time as people gradually enjoy it (Szilágyi 183). Besides, the movement provided a space for exercise, which encouraged the English people to engage more in extra-curriculum activities. The movement also influenced people to take walks in the nature while chatting. It is very boring to stay indoors especially in the wet weather, which is mostly experienced in England. The landscapes thus provided people with the opportunity to break the boredom and explore the romance in nature even during the cold weather. Further, the movement influenced people to embrace the ai
Great Britain is a unitary of many nations including England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and other smaller islands. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Great Britain had to form mutual relationships (alliances) with other European nations in order to expand its wealth, territory, and security/strength. The need for power and territorial expansion fuelled the empire to engage in imperialists activities especially in the nineteenth century. Imperialism was an ideology adapted to facilitate colonialism in other non-European nations especially in Africa. Furthermore, the hunger for political power, colonial power and military power together with creation of alliances facilitated the commencement of World War 1. Therefore, the Great Britain Empire used imperialism to manipulate her allies like France in the name of assisting her to remain wealthy, superior, and maintain her military prowess thus winning category as one of the great powers in Europe. The formation of alliances or signing of treaties in Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries led to mutual aid among the allies especially during wars. The Great Britain formed alliances with some European nations like Russia and France. Other smaller nations like Belgium, Serbia, Japan, Greece, and Romania were members of the triple entente contributing to the civilization of Europe (Kishlansky, Geary, & O’Brien, 2008, p.50). The primary allies of Britain were Russia and France who helped her to conquer/invade German. The triple entente became famous in 1907 after the establishment of Anglo-Russian entente (Williams, 1966, p.370). Britain’s declining economic power prompted her to sign treaties with other sovereign states. Britain allies contributed to the growth of empire by assisting her to gain military personnel, tactics, and weapons. Furthermore, the allies strengthened the kingdom’s political reign especially against her enemies. Moreover, the main aim why Britain created alliances was to keep her enemies or rivalries closer to herself to monitors their movements. France and Russia were her main rivalries in the expansion of her territory thus the mutual relationship eased the tension among the allies. As aforementioned, the need to maintain peace, acquire more wealth, and strengthen the empires motivated Britain to form alliances. In the late nineteenth century, Britain opted to remain neutral among all other nations in Europe; therefore, she was not involved in the
Introduction Public policies formulation and implementation form some of the most important factors that define and dictate the trends of social-economic and political considerations in a country. With all societal aspects being directly or indirectly guided by the public policies that operate in a country, their establishment has remained one of the most contended consideration as different groups seek to facilitate holistic objectivity and sustainability. According to McGann and Johnson (2005, p. 54), policy programs, frames, politics, norms and cognitive paradigms impact on public policy. The latter should be guided by highly informed decisions to facilitate its usefulness. This paper provides an intrinsic evaluation of the structure and public-policy-related activities of Regional development Australia and the different aspects of critical forces that impact on the formulation and implementation of critical policies. Do collaborative and partnership strategies help or hinder coherence in public policymaking and delivery? Critically assess the debate about collaboration The significant organization I will be focusing on is Regional Development Australia. This organisation is funded by all three levels of government however, the task of strategic coordination with little structure or direction has become momentous. I will be examining case studies across three RDA regions, examining what aspects have succeeded and failed and the policy behind the organisations. I acknowledge your comments about using my organisation however I will ensure that I am relating to the policy and providing a critical examination of it rather than descriptive Background of the organization The organization under investigation in this research study is the Regional Development Australia (RDA). This organization was formed with the sole purpose of coordinating all level of governance in order to realize effective performance. The initiative is rooted in ensuring that all the regions mapped out within Australia are catered for in terms of balanced socio-economic development. From this outset, it is evident that attaining such an objective is a broad initiative that demands proper planning and execution of operations. It is against this backdrop that several wells organized RDA committees have been incepted throughout the country with the aim of attaining both the specific and broad objectives of the initiative. In particular, the committee members who constitute the Regional Development Australia (RDA) are usually drawn from the local professionals. They are believed to be well versed with challenges facing regions that they are residing. Therefore, they are in the best position to formulate the best solutions for their respective areas. The strategies that are developed by these local professionals making up committee members are ma