ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
1. What is the source of your news item?       + The Guardian.  2. Web address       + https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/apr/05/re-wilding-our-cities-beauty-biodiversity-and-the-biophilic-cities-movement  3. Title of news item       + Rewilding our cities: beauty, biodiversity and the biophilic cities movement  4. Date published       + April 4, 2021.  5. To which module from class does the news item connect?       + Module 10.2 Climate Change. Summary of article This article discusses how plant-covered buildings benefit human well-being and biodiversity and help avert climate change. While contemporary cities primarily have glass-faced buildings that overheat and require energy to cool down, an alternative supporting the human-nature connection would be more efficient and environmentally friendly. Such a tactic suggests that buildings should be aligned with living systems that continuously evolve. As cities and urban areas grow, establishing and maintaining the connection with nature is essential not only to bring beauty into human life but also to improve health and well-being. As research shows, areas that have street trees are characterized by lower crime rates and increased property value. The article claims that engineering systems could improve by learning from nature which manages flooding and weather in a masterly and adaptable manner. In particular, as humanity fights climate change to avoid the dangerous consequences, natural systems and native cultures can provide a basis for managing and protecting biodiversity. According to a green government architect’s “Greener Places” framework, green infrastructure offers various benefits, such as increased social interaction, lower flood risk, and improved biodiversity. At the same time, people still observe designs that do not consider natural principles or habitats created to help maintain biodiversity. In this regard, a design approach based on regeneration creates more opportunities for nature and people to benefit each other mutually. The author focuses on Australian practices and possibilities for the biophilic cities movement; however, the article emphasizes that rewilding is possible everywhere, even in dense city centers. Providing habitats for native speakers would also support engaging community spaces for citizens. It is worth noting that even small urban green areas are enough to create important habitats for a variety of species. By linking such areas into a larger space, one can increase the potential of benefiting biodiversity and connecting people and nature. This idea is supported by emerging projects around the world demonstrating vast opportunities. For example, Highline of New York is an example of using leftover spaces to unite people with natural elements through rewilding. Rewilding approach suggests using green infrastructure no the streets, in and in buildings, as well as in leftover spaces. The ar
Introduction Each year, there are enormous amount of waste products and hazardous chemical by-products which are being realized to the environment. It is estimated that there are millions of chemical compounds already being produced industrially, which release almost half a billion kilograms of toxic substances, annually. This is an indication of the extent to which the environment suffers from pollutants. As a result of the effects caused by the pollutants to the environment, the reduction or elimination of such contaminants has become a matter of great concerns. Accordingly, a lot of efforts from different scientific fields are put to curb or overcome the negative environmental effects of the pollutants. In the recent past, ecologists, environmentalists, microbiologist among other individuals from other fields related to biological sciences have shown interest of studying, understanding and finding an everlasting solution, through the establishment of means to eliminate the contaminants from the environment (Glick and Pasternak,1998, 59). In the endeavor of establishing a clean environment, scientists have employed different methods and techniques to clear the already deposited harmful products in the environment. The most commonly used methods include use of thermal processes which entails excavation and transportation of contaminated materials for further treatments. Other commonly used traditional techniques those involving use of chemical and physical processes that have been used for years despite the fact that they are a bit costly/expensive and ineffective. The continued used of these traditional methods which are considered as inefficient and obsolete has almost been brought to a halt through the establishing of new functions of plants, particularly the purposes of cleaning of the polluted environments. The current world has slowly been diverting from these old physical and chemical techniques, and embracing bioremediation techniques, which are now considered as the modern ones. This has been seen as an additional function of the plants that would help man in maintaining a healthy environment for both economic productions and for his own good health. The bioremediation procedures are believed to be most effective that in the past decades have proved to be useful way of destroying hazardous subst
Rationale The unpredictable nature of disasters and the numerous effects that they have on local communities makes it impossible for a single entity, be it an agency or an organisation, to claim full responsibility 1 . The issue of disaster management remains topical in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). 2 Therefore, KSAN ED nurses must be aware of the array of areas that they must be able to address and control when it comes to meeting the needs of the patients who have suffered from disasters (including manmade and natural ones) 3 . In KSA, possible terrorist attacks, car crashes, and accidents during the Ramadan and Hajj seasons can be viewed as possible sources of manmade disasters that require appropriate management.2 However, the unpredictability of the subject matter makes it difficult for ED nurses to immediately conjure a strategy that would help meet the needs of the target population within the shortest time possible 4 . Therefore, KSAN ED nurses must be equipped with the knowledge and skills that will allow them to manage the relevant issues fast and design appropriate strategies successfully 5 . Simulations, which have proven to be quite successful as the means for training ED nurses’ skills in other areas, should be tested for efficiency as interventions for improving ED nurses’ level of proficiency and knowledge of managing people’s health needs during disasters 6 . Herein lies the rationale for the study; it is crucial to test whether simulations can be used to promote more efficient management of the needs of the people who have suffered from disasters. Thus, nursing service quality and patient outcomes will be improved significantly. Evidence Review Disasters and Patients’ Needs During disasters, patients require guidelines from ED nurses regarding clinical, administrative, and communication-related issues. 7 The current situation regarding disaster communication remains quite deplorable: “There have been problem areas consistently identified in trauma centres’ responses to previous MCIs, including leadership, hazard planning, the sustainability of peak operations, communication, education, interagency cooperation and regional integration.” 8 Therefore, ED nurses must develop the relevant communication skills allowing them to provide the necessary information in a manner as fast and efficient as possible. Given the levels of stress and panic among the target population, the task Furthermore, it is imperative that ED nurses should develop leadership abilities that will allow them to carry out the required administrative tasks, e.g., coordinate patient care, conduct patient transfers, etc. To be more specific, it is crucial to make sure that the patient should be located in the right facility, which is often a problem during a disaster. The administrative responsibilities of an ED nurse, therefore, must include the coordination of the processes associated with patient relocation. 9 Similarly, a KSA ED nurse must make sure that the search, rescue, and first-aid operations should be carried out flawlessly. 1
Introduction McDonald’s corporation is undoubtedly the largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants in the world. The restaurant serves more than 58 million customers every day (McDonalds, 2010). The operation of McDonalds is like a typical large chain that operates as a corporation, a franchise, or at times as an affiliate. It draws its revenues from various sources such as franchise fees, rent from its various properties across the world and mostly sales from its company operated restaurants. In the last three years, significant growth has been evident with the company registering a 27% growth (McDonalds, 2010). Main Discussion The main products of McDonalds are: hamburgers, chicken products, cheeseburgers, french-fries, typical American breakfast snacks like eggs, a variety of soft drinks, desserts, and shakes. With the changing trends of health realization, more consumers are focusing on healthy diets and the company has come up with a menu that accommodates alternatives which targets customers interested in healthy products like salads, fruits and wraps (McDonalds, 2010). This is basically what McDonald’s deals with and this is how it operates in its various outlets and franchises. Being such a big company, it attracts a lot of investors and it is important to periodically determine its financial worth. Analysis in this study will be based using four methods of determining McDonalds worth namely: net worth method, future earnings, price earnings ratio, and lastly the outstanding shares method. In the year ending 2008, the net worth or the stockholders’ equity was $31,207,900. This includes the addition of common stock, retained earnings, and intangibles like goodwill (David, 2008). This means that the shareholders were confident enough to hold onto their stock and the revenues that were collected and retained was relatively high, amounting to $28,953,900. This is a large retained amount for any company since all expenses have to be deducted including dividends to shareholders so that profits can be ploughed back as retained earnings. It is also a valuable company if the expected
Course Reflection The chosen course proved a positive experience for students due to the achievement of an appropriate study atmosphere and the establishment of beneficial student-teacher relationships. Attaining the study group’s confidence permitted instituting a functional feedback mechanism, which allowed those in attendance to demonstrate their grasp of the learned material and give recommendations on bettering the course based on personal experience. Consequently, Student Learning Outcomes were sufficiently achieved, leaving both learners and their lector satisfied with the pupils’ level of attained knowledge and competencies. Despite the overall success of the course, there remain choice aspects of it that require additional work and improvement to receive even better results. Unpredictable external circumstances, such as weather conditions, resulted in the loss of class time and, therefore, leaving the last chapter uncovered. The acquirement procedure for the e-book access code was not perfected, with numerous pupils opting not to attain it, which made the use of the Marketing Lab troublesome. Additionally, revisiting the length of Exam 1 is necessary due to the difficulty that the majority of students experienced with its timely completion. Resolving these issues, as well as other minor problems noted over the length of the course, requires addressing their origins. To make the Marketing Lab a more significant part of the learning process, more homework could be assigned from it, integrating questions from the textbook that were not covered in class. Additionally, this would effectively compel students to procure and use the e-book access code. The inclusion of more case studies in the course would also be a useful strategy, which may permit learners to achieve a more profound and hands-on understanding of course material. Paying increased attention to the ongoing pupils’ assessment becomes crucial under these conditions, making journal entries a viable tactic when checking their comprehension of material after each chapter. Permitting students to include their possible questions in these entries would make working with learners easier through creating facilitated lines of communication. Therefore, considering all of these changes, revising the length of Exam 1 and re-assessing its weight in the overall course evaluation process becomes a necessary step. This change would contribute to the achievement of a balanced grading system that would adequately reflect the work done by students throughout their learning process. Refle
Character Descriptions The monologue has three main characters: Sarah, George, and a homeless man. Sarah is the narrator; she is a White Hispanic woman who is studying at a community college to become a social worker. Thus, all sensitive issues in society, including homelessness, concern her, although the feeling of helplessness is not new. On the other hand, George, a White man, aims to be a successful manager, putting efforts into obtaining a Business degree. Although he is not entirely heartless and indifferent towards another person’s sufferings, the skeptic in him prevails. The last character is an older man without a permanent residence, whose struggles provoke a heated reaction from Sarah. He is also white, and his appearance is disheveled: the face appears dirty and tired and has bruises; the clothes are torn, and the shoes can barely protect the feet. Sarah attempted to help the man, but the refusal was firm; she also noticed that bench next to which he was sitting had a partition in the middle. Afterward, both continued their walk, but the young woman could not remain silent. Part 1 George, how can you look at those awful devices and be totally fine? (panting) The partition in the middle of the bench, the spikes, and the non-functional drinking fountains? They are spreading all over the country, and some people believe in their anti-homelessness function (Jock)! My relatives from San Francisco sent me a couple of pictures, and I was repulsed (Jock)! The officials in Philadelphia even claimed that those benches are more inclusive (Jock). Perhaps, they are for people with disabilities who have a place to return but not the homeless with similar conditions (
Which set of students are heavy drinkers? Students in colleges and campuses are known to be heavy drinkers and especially those who study abroad. The students that study abroad consume alcohol twice as much as students who study in their home countries. In a survey that was conducted in the University of Washington, results were really astonishing. The sample constituted one hundred and seventy seven students. It was aimed at researching about the drinking habits of the campus students. This was done before, after and during the times that the students had their exchange programs. In this case, the students were held at school for three to five months. They responded that they had at least eight drinks in one week. The number of drinks went up twice as much when the students had gone back home. Students whose campuses were located in New Zealand and Australia were the heaviest drinkers compared to those located in other campuses. Why do many students drink? The reason why drinking was quite widespread even among US students in the Middle East was because of the legal age stipulated for drinking. Another shocking fact was that students below twenty one years of age drunk less before taking a flight. Upon getting to campus abroad, the percentage of those who were under twenty one years old and also consumers of alcohol went up to about one hundred and seventy percent. On returning home, the same students were totally changed because they consumed less alcohol than the same way they did while abroad. Why are some of the drinking habits difficult to combat? The age of twenty one was not really the motivating factor behind drinking because there are countries that allow people under the age of twenty one to drink alcohol. Some of the students confessed that their dream of going abroad was not really to study but to have more freedom to drink. For a few of the students, their drinking habits were regulated or reduced after they returned home, with those remaining in the United Sates continuing with their heavy drinking. Despite the fact that some of the students are self motivated and do not really want to be drunkards; some cultural habits force them to drink. For instance, food is served alongside some wine or beer, and this can easily lead to addiction when done continuously, even without the consent of the person. Being away from home and parents or guardians tends to encourage heavy drinking. Does age affect the drinking habits of students in college? The minimum age for drinking in most countries is twenty one. However, individuals who are heavy drinkers in colleges and universities abroad are not citizens
Introduction The cultural and ethical aspects of human communication are often revealed by Asian authors in literary works. As an object of analysis, the story “Who’s Irish” by Gish Jen will be reviewed in which the author describes situations that occur in an ethnically diverse family. The principles of upbringing and relations among the characters prove that cultural differences and a distinctive background complicate communication and create obstacles to maintaining a positive microclimate. Plot Summary of “Who’s Irish?” This short story introduces several key characters and some situations from their lives. The narration is on behalf of an older Chinese woman who lives in New York, and the main emphasis is on Sophie, the narrator’s granddaughter. The woman has a Chinese daughter and John, the son-in-law, who is Irish. One of the main issues raised in the story is the indignation of the older woman by the behavior of her granddaughter who “is not like my daughter Natalie, or like me” (Jen 1999, 3). Grandmother’s displeasure is that, according to her vision, Sophie is a “wild” child and does not match the appearance of a Chinese girl (Jen 1999, 3). In addition, the woman is not happy with the upbringing methods maintained in the family of her daughter and son-in-law, which is also a reason for disagreements. The situation in the park is a key event that leads to a denouement. When Sophie learns from another boy that she can beat adults, she hides and throws dirt at her grandmother. The latter, in turn, requires the granddaughter to leave the shelter and pokes a stick at her several times. After the girl’s parents see Sophie, they forbid her grandmother to live with them, and the woman moves to John’s mother. At the end of the story, Natalie and John see the narrator but do not bring the girl with them, and the grandmother notes how Irish she has managed to become. Summary of “When Ghosts Dream” The analysis of Jen’s (1999) work is one of the topics that Belinda Kong (2010) raises in her critical article called “When Ghosts Dream.” As a key argument, Kong (2010) notes that the linguistic aspects of communication among the characters form the main problem of the narrative and affect the overall storyline. The author compares “Who’s Irish?” with the works of other Asian writers, such as Amy Tan, and argues that in the story in question, “the Chinese moth
The immune system itself is a series of complex reactions to elements that cause various diseases. All foreign substances to the body are called antigens, and they can be of both external and internal origin (Perdue, 2020). Both proteins and more superficial bodies, for example, metals, can act as such substances. In response to an antigen’s appearance, the body begins to produce antibodies designed to neutralize pathogens. An antigen capable of causing a massive immune reaction to produce antibodies is called an immunogen. An active immune response can be divided into two types: cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Both of these types interact with their goals in different ways, having other principles of operation. First, cell-mediated and humoral immunity is mediated by T-cells and B-cells, respectively (“Difference between immunity,” n.d.). Another critical difference is that the second type produces antibodies, so it is the primary protective mechanism. On the other hand, the cell-mediated type can remove tumor cells. Existing stimuli can cause one of four hypersensitivity reactions, an extreme manifestation of the immune system. Immediate hypersensitivity refers mostly to allergic reactions, and tissue damage may be a side effect of this process (Mills, n.d.). The cytotoxic response is manifested in the direct interaction of an antibody with an antigen. The immune complex reaction is accompanied by the release of lysosomal enzymes, leading to tissue damage. Finally, the cell-mediated response is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction and can lead to complete tissue destruction. Various vaccines are being developed to combat harmful microorganisms and help immunity, mainly divided into live-attenuated and inactivated inoculations. The first type uses weakened versions of disease-causing microbes to establish strong and long-lasting immunity (“Vaccine types,” 2020). However, people who are immunocompromised may have problems with these vaccines. In this case, it is possible to use an injection containing the destroyed version of the microbe. This va