ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Should a probation, parole, or prison administrator be concerned about offender assessment and classification? Why or why not? Several tools can be used for offender assessment and classification. Probation and parole officers need to use them to evaluate the risks that may be posed by an offender. Moreover, the application of these methods can show what kind of action law-enforcement agencies should take. For example, it is possible to consider the Community Supervision Tool. It can be used to determine whether a person can be placed on probation. This assessment tool is related to such aspects as education, employment, substance abuse, and financial situation. By focusing on them, one can determine the level of supervision over the offender. Overall, law-enforcement agencies can achieve various objectives with the help of this method. For instance, they can shield the community against the threats that may be posed by an offender. Yet, this information collected in this way is also important for organizations that help offenders re-integrate into the community. Additionally, one can mention the Prison Intake Tool. This method can be used by prison administrators because these people need to determine how a person can act during his/her incarceration. In particular, it may be critical to determine if a new convict can pose a threat to other inmates. Moreover, it is possible to apply a comprehensive risk assessment tool, called the Ohio Risk Assessment System (Latessa et al., 2010). This framework has several applications, and one of its goals is to assess the risk of recidivism. Therefore, this method can be of great value to parole officers who need to decide whether a criminal can be released before his/her sentence expires. This tool can help them determine whether a prisoner can meet the requirements that law-enforcement agencies will set. These are the main details that can be identified. Compare and contrast the differences between probation and parole. State probation systems typically supervise felony offenders. Should every offender who violates felony probation (or parole) be sent (or returned) to prison? Explain why or why not? Probation and parole can be regarded as alternatives to imprisonment. In both cases, a convicted person has to face some restrictions that are not imposed on law-abiding citizens. For instance, they need to visit a probation or parole officer regularly (Peak, 2009). Additionally, people, who are placed on parole or probation, have to inform law-enforcement agencies about their intention to change residence or employment. Yet, there are important differences that should be taken into account. In particular, probation is an alternative to incarceration; whereas parole is the conditional release of a convict who has already been incarcerated. Therefore, parole officers are more likely to interact with people who might have committed serious crimes. This is one of the issues that these people should take into consideration. In many cases, people can be sent to prison, if they violate the terms of parole or probation. In
Introduction The past decades have been characterised by numerous cases of civil and international conflicts. Some of the countries that were previously engaged in domestic and international conflicts have made substantial progress as a result of effective conflict resolution. However, incidences of domestic and international conflicts are still evident in the modern society as illustrated by the current civil war in Syria and the conflict between Sudan and South Sudan. According to Ramsbotham, Woodhouse and Miall (2011), there are various sources of conflicts. Some of the main sources of conflicts in the modern society relate to global, regional, individual, group, and state factors. To understand conflict, it is important for one to conduct a comprehensive conflict analysis. Ramsbotham, Woodhouse and Miall (2011) define conflict analysis as the logical process of evaluating the dynamics that lead to occurrence of conflicts. Conflict analysis is conducted by assessing the profile, actors and causes associated with a particular situation. There are various theories that have been formulated to explain how conflict occurs. One of these theories is the structural violence theory. The theory advocates for a comprehensive analysis of the various structures that lead to occurrence of conflict. Some of the structures relate to political, social, legal and economic aspects. In summary, conflict analysis seeks to understand the relationship between the various elements that stimulate conflicts. Conflicts hinder development of long term peace within the society. However, integration of an effective reconciliation process can enhance development of long term peace. This paper is aimed at achieving two main objectives. One of the objectives include analysing the reasons why structural violence theory advocates for a comprehensive structural analysis. Secondly, the paper evaluates the degree to which reconciliation is important in building long-term peace and the role of justice in the reconciliation process. Why does the theory of structural violence emphasise the importance of structures in conflict analysis? Is this importance justified? There are numerous cases of human rights violations which have been documented over the years. Some of the salient features that illustrate the extent to which human rights have been violated include the severe degree of social and economic inequality in the society (Ho 2007). One of the dimensions of human righ
Benefits of Outsourcing Apple Incorporation “outsources most of its parts for the iPhone” (O’Grady 38). The decision to use many companies to produce the iPhone plays a significant role towards the success of the firm. The first benefit of outsourcing is to improve the quality of the iPhone without sacrificing service. The idea to outsource most of these services improves continuity. The practice also improves the level of operation thus reducing the risks associated with the iPhone production. Some of the required parts are produced in different countries. The idea to outsource these parts for the iPhone ensures the company produces the best device in the world. The company also gains new skills and ideas from these foreign companies. Apple Incorporation uses the practice to monitor its operations. Apple Incorporation produces more (or less) phones depending on the expectations of its global customers. Outsourcing has made it easier for Apple Incorporation to maintain its financial position. The company can also operate successfully during holidays or off seasons. The decision to outsource has reduced most of the costs incurred by the firm. This approach has also increased the company’s profitability. The practice has also given the iPhone a competitive advantage over the other smartphones. The iPhone also offers the best mobile applications and features. The company has also increased its overall business. Apple Incorporation benefits from the practice because “its partners can deliver their services faster and efficiently” (Mclvor 58). This ensures the company provides quality services to its global customers. Outsourcing has also increased the company’s efficiency. This explains why the iPhone remains one of the best mobile devices today. The company has always satisfied the changing needs and expectations of its global customer. This discussion explains why the company should always collaborate with foreign companies in order to achieve its business goals. The Impact of Outsourcing on the Company’s 10-K Apple Incorporation is a leading player in the computer and software industry. The company produces the best products such as the iPhone and the iPad. The company’s decision to outsource many parts for its devices and products has made it successful. Apple’s financial gains have increased in the last three years. The decision to outsource these parts ensures the company produces and markets the iPhone to many customers across the globe. Apple’s form 10-K shows how the decision to outsource these services has made it a leading player in the industry. The company’s net sales for its products have been on the rise. Some of these devices include the iPod and the iPhone. This explains why the company
There are so many discussions about marriage and the reasons why people make a decision to get married and to spend the rest of this life together. Some people are really eager to know what makes couples think that marriage should have grounds because they truly believe that marriage is something people get involved in unconsciously and being in love with each other. In addition, some people still believe that marriage is a serious contract between two people who have already weighed a number of pros and cons of an idea of living together and that love should not be the only reason to make this decision. In fact, love has to become a considerable basis for relations between people and a guide that control the development of such relations. But still, love only is not enough to create a powerful and happy family. Many other things and thoughts have to be taken into consideration before marriage is legalized. Marriage is a complex of steps, emotions, and thoughts of two people who feel that the time to unite their souls, bodies, and lives has come, and this unit should take place on legal, emotional, personal, and many other levels. Different people may have different points of view about marriage and the reasons which people prefer to rely on. First, people should cherish kindly feelings to each other and develop this sympathy properly. Second, people in love need to take care of the conditions under which they live in order to be satisfied with them. And finally, to create good marriage, people have to learn to respect each other’s feelings, needs, and interests but still do it not at the expense of personal demands. Marriage is a step that considerably changes the lives of many people. These people are not only those two humans who fall in love and cannot imagine their lives far from each other. Marriage touches upon the lives of these lovers’ families and friends. The role of parents is crucial for children. Even if there is an opportunity to live separately and become independent, children still have some emotional dependence on parents’ decisions. This is why marriage may also depend on parental support and understanding. Many people state that love is the only powerful reason for them to get married. In my opinion, these people are just weak or even lazy to search for some other reasons why it is possible to get married. It is hard to believe that they do not want to consider such factors like living wages, styles of life, past life, each other’s families, etc. Success in marriage may be determined by a number of factors, and love is not always a key to it. There are so many countries where marriages are organized by parents, and children (u
The short story “A Good Man is Hard to Find” by Flannery O’Connor is one of the most appealing in the American Literature, revolving round family matters. The short story’s main actress, Bailey’s mother, commonly called grandmother dominates all the actions unfolding in the entire story. Since she stays with her son’s family, the grandmother presents herself as a good mother, despite her being selfish. It is clearly brought out that, the nuclear family is not in coherence with the grandmother, since most of the actions the family undertakes seem to be against her wishes (Ochshorn, 131). This is reflected when she requests that they go to Tennessee, while on the other hand, Bailey’s family considers Florida as the best place to go. This paper focuses on the presentation of family as represented in the entire short story. After the family gets involved in an accident, the famous ‘Misfit’ and his gang holds up the family and threatens to kill them. In reaction, the grandmother attempts to save her own life by pleading with the murderers to leave her alone. According to Bandy (134), the selfish nature of the grandmother and her disregard to her family is evidenced when she seems to care the safety of the other family members. Quite significantly, there seems to be weak bond of love between the grandmother and Bailey’s family. This is reflected by her unfeeling nature of watching the entire family die around her, as she pleads for her life. As held by Ochshorn (135), the family presented in this story seems incoherent not in actual family-love bond, since there seem to be not feeling for the other(s) when they are in danger. As a result of the grandmother’s selfish nature, the entire family is killed, since if she could have kept quite, no member of the family could have died. More about A Good Man is Hard to Find What Is the Plot of a Good Man Is Hard to Find? 5 159 How Does A Good Man Is Hard to Find End? 5 71 Was the Grandmother Killed in A Good Man Is Hard to Find? 5 69 What Is the Point of View of A Good Man Is Hard to Find? 5 510 What A
Introduction The article, “Timing of preoperative patient teaching” by Lepczyk, Hunt, and Rowley is a research paper that seeks to investigate the effects of timing of preoperative patient teaching on pre admission and post admission anxiety as well as knowledge levels. The researchers start by justifying the purpose of the research. This justification lies in the fact that nurses need to come up with strategies to introduce cost effective preoperative teaching programs before introducing the hypothesis of their study. The hypothesis assumes that if nurses give preoperative teaching at a time prior to admission to cardiac patients, the patients will experience less preoperative anxiety and have higher knowledge level as compared to those receiving preoperative teaching after admission. The article explains how the researchers proceeded with the subject matter under study. The researchers subjected three samples of patients from two different hospitals to different conditions before subjecting the first group to pre admission preoperative teaching, the second one to post admission preoperative teaching and the last group to no preoperative teaching to act as a control of the study. Theory This article is based on nursing theory because the subject matter of the research directly touches on the role of nurses as parties charged with the responsibility of health care, which include preparing patients for a cardiac operation. The conceptual model used is related to nursing research because it involves study of the behavior of patients as a response to teaching administered to them (patients). The article identifies the major concepts of the model and defines them well. The concepts that I think it identifies include; it uses three sample groups among which the third acts as a control; It subjects the first two groups to different conditions (pre admission and post admission teaching), and applies exclusion of patients whose response would not be based on what the researchers anticipated. I solemnly think that the theory used does not have sufficient details because of its failure to satisfy the hypothesis for anxiety. The fact that patients from both groups had comparable anxiety levels instead of prior admission of patients experiencing less anxiety underscores my views. In addition, the response the article gives concerning this issue is more assumptive than factual. Design This design is of a questionnaire type given the approach it adopts in collecting information from the patients. According to the article’s contents of table, two questions seek to establish prior knowledge that a patient has regarding heart diseases and surgery. This qualifies the design to be a questionnaire. The research question seeks to establish whether pre admission teaching of cancer patients would result in them having less anxiety and more knowledge than post admission ones. It is important to answer this question because only then, one can
Outline This study considers the aspect of health implications in homelessness through the essay written by a noted writer, Lars Eighner, through his various essay, significant among them being called ‘On dumpster diving.’ In this article he narrates his own experiences and emotional feeling on diving, and writes on many facets of diving, including its health and economic impacts. However, when one considers the work of Jeff Farrell, he has delved upon the various results of dumpster diving, not only at an individualized level, but also at a national and even international level. It is sad but true that although US takes pride in being one of the topmost developed counties in the world, there are many in US who do not have a roof over their heads. It is therefore necessary that steps need to be taken to rectify the situation and ensure food and shelter to all Americans. Introduction In his essay” On Dumpster Diving” Eigner says that he contracts acute diarrhoea at least once a month, despite being careful about the kind of food he scavenges and consumes. As a result of being ill often, and with no access to health care, he also needs to keep a stock of essential drugs like antihistamines and antibiotics, which again has been foraged through retrievals made by diving into dumpsters. Again he writes that scavenging has helped him gain weight, since leftovers and throw-away mostly consist of pizzas and doughnuts, instead of low fat yoghurt, or for that matter, fresh water fish, etc. Moreover, since he is worried about his next meal; (albeit dumpsters carry lot of food) he tends to eat more than needed, mostly high fat food, which has made him gain weight. Another major health risk with dumpsters is the potential for lurking pathogens like botulism is a possibility, more so, in the case of canned food. According to him, “Most other forms of food poisoning seldom do lasting harm to a healthy person, but botulism is almost certainly fatal and often the first symptom is death.“ (Eighner). One should be very careful in consumer canned food, since bulging, leaking cans could pose serious health hazards to scavengers and add to risks of botulism, which is known to be a killer form of food poisoning, caused from consumption of contaminated food or fluids. Thus, health implications of scavangering caused by homelessness and permanent vagrancy are indeed alarming and sufficient cause for administrative concern. Empire of scrounge It is now necessary to focus on the occupation of scrounging as Jeff Farell writes about in his book, “Empire of Scrounge.” In this book he writes at length about experiences he had gained as a professional scavenger in Texas, how his exploits ( if it could be termed as one) of turning cast off throwaways into useful and usable items for daily use or even consumption. While workers of the city waste management system earned fat salaries from trash, the poor scavenger manages to live from it for sheer survival and for doling out an honest existence. (Ferrell, 3). I
Introduction The moon is Down is a novel that was set in the small town of Norway during the World War II. The novel is unknown to many but has been widely distributed among the political rebels and activists. It is quite a small novel in stature which has several themes well elaborated. The themes include the nadirs and the burdens of the complex military industry, and the spirit of the human race toward and against slavery and repression and finally the relationship between the oppressors and the oppressed. Steinbeck creates a story of a well knit community that is forced to face the atrocious authenticities of the Nazi occupation. The narration takes place in the coal mining which is an indication of the magnitude of the winter freeze. It is in a warm, well knit community with people full of apparent love for each other. This significantly shows the resistant and the irony between the things happening and where they are happening. Lessons learnt and how they can be applied According to Morine (2009, par2), the story explains the potential and aptitude the oppressed have to wallop back not in favor of their oppressors. It helps them to understand they are not animals, but they are human beings who have decided to execute certain roles against the people they have overcome or conquered; the oppressed. One of the greatest lessons that we learn is the indulgent of the human freedom and rights in the society they are living in. It helps man understand the nature of freedom and indomitable spirit of man. Morine states in his work that, “You know, Doctor, I am a little man and this is a little town, but there must be a spark in little men that can burst into flame.” (Morine 1) This shows the spirit a man should have in fighting for their rights even in the midst of oppression. This helps us to understand that the people in the society show hold on to their virtues and they should fight on for them (Steinbeck, pp108). Mayor demonstrates his love for the nation and the community which he is determined to fight for even though fear dominates most of his days. This is a direct indication that everyone should stand up to the principles of the society and position himself to make the community more compact and waver not. Looking more keenly, we can conclude that the race is not won but the swift but the persistent. In his monologue (Steinbeck, pp112), he has a strong heart that knows not giving
Students face a lot of challenges when they are studying for tests. These difficulties bar them from attaining good grades in tests they do. Therefore, students need to be guided on how they should study for tests to ensure they achieve positive outcomes. This paper will discuss how students should study for tests to help them attain good grades in their studies. There is a strong relationship between learning, time management and performance. Students need to use good study techniques to help them attain good results in school. They need to review how they study to ensure they use methods that expose them to different perspectives that uncover more ideas related to subjects they are studying (Markel 79). A student who participates actively in class lessons has a higher chance of registering good grades than one who does not. All students need to take notes whenever they are being taught to ensure they have enough learning material to prepare properly for exams. Likewise, tutors need to give students additional exercises after every learning session to evaluate if they have understood what they learnt in class. Students also need to practice ideas they learn to expose them to high quality problem solving skills. Students studying science and technical subjects need to undertake practical lessons frequently to improve their skills. Practical lessons offer students a chance for self-discovery and exploration (Gurung 367). Students also get new insights on technical subjects by doing different practical tests in laboratories. Practical lessons offer students a chance to learn through observation and participation. They make students become more creative and inventive which increases their intellect. This encourages students to work hard in their studies to help them achieve good results. Retention and knowledge transfer are crucial aspects of learning that determine learning outcomes in different institutions. Students need to engage in more academic activities to help them understand what they learn in class and how this content can be applied in real life situations. Tutors need to use a lot of real life examples that allow students to relate what they are learning with real life situations. This approach helps st