ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Technology has become an indispensable part of the modern world. There can be no surprise that it has been also implementing in the modern educational system. Nowadays many colleges, universities and even high schools offer not only face-to-face courses, but also online and hybrid / blended courses. The most effective method is proved to be hybrid / blended method when face-to-face classes are combined with online education. This method enables students to benefit from the “academic quality” and flexibility of the schedule and many opportunities offered by online education (Betts et al., 2009, p.18). Betts et al. (2009) point out that apart from improving students’ academic performance hybrid / blended method will also contribute to the development of the student market on different levels (nationally and internationally). Özgen Korkmaz and Ufuk Karakuş (2002) also explore the benefits of hybrid / blended learning and suggest that it contributed to “student critical dispositions and levels” and created positive attitude towards the course (Özgen Korkmaz and Ufuk Karakuş, 2002, p.51). As mentioned above not only higher education can benefit from using such method. K-12 online education is being extensively increased nowadays (Horn, 2010). Admittedly, further investigation of this method and the development of techniques and strategies should be implemented. Thus, Swenson and Redmond (2009) point out that it is still necessary to explore various innovative techniques which will develop effective academic experiences. Many researchers have already started creating such learning tools. For instance, Masson et al. (2008) suggest that the Hybrid Learning Model is a very effective technique which reveals very good results. However, there are still many gaps in the study. For instance, according to Colucci and Koppel (2010) it is still unclear the appropriate ratio of face-to-face classes and online course. Thor (2010) also depicts the technical and financial difficulties which many schools face while implementing hybrid / blended learning method. Thus, it is necessary to continue exploring the issue in accordance with specific environments and other peculiarities of each school, each discipline. This will enable practitioners and students become aware of various possibilities offered by the hybrid / blended method. Definition of the problem Local context which prompts the present research Being an employee of a university that provides alternative methods of classroom instruction designed to meet the needs of working adult students, I witness some problems which learners and practitioners face. Admittedly, working adult learners have different needs than traditional students which results in the following problem: the face-to-face only classes have provided several challenges with respect to increasing student enrollments and retention. This decline has affected the enrollment and retention of the gradua
The article under analysis is titled Impact Evaluation and Public Sector Programs in India: What Can We Do Right Now? written by Elizabeth Mathew and Joanne Sprague. The Indian government has allocated money to the projects concerning the improvement of the current situation in India. Although excessive amounts of money have been spent the level of poverty has not been lowered. In such cases, there is the question about the effectiveness of these projects. These projects should be evaluated before their realizations. This article is devoted to the effectiveness of social programs that depend on ways of their evaluation. The author aims at providing ‘an ideal model’ for public sector impact evaluations researching development evaluation literature. Further on, the author provides a list of steps to improve evaluations in the current situation. He mainly focuses on the evaluation system requiring improved technical capacity, broad institutional reform, and political will. The author provides the experiment that testifies to the effectiveness of the steps for improvement of the evaluation system described in his work. Researching the cases of evaluation programs of India, the author provides the main steps of the improvement of its process. These steps are the development of a theory of impact for the scheme; identification of a standard set of indicators for outcomes and impacts; specification of data sources and baselines for measuring outcomes and impacts; use of a comparison or control group and mixed methods in data collection. Elizabeth Mathew provides the effectiveness of these steps on the example of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) project aimed at constructing a 37 million kilometers road. The author demonstrates the effective scheme of evaluation with the help of particular examples. Nevertheless, she points out that impact evaluation is quite a complicated task for India as far as it depends on not only governmental structures and political will but on the inherent difficulties of measuring development results and controlling them (Rossi, Lipsey & Freeman, 2004). The development of impact evaluation is very important for India as far as it increases the effectiveness of its projects and saves a lot of money (Gertler, Martinez, Premand, Rawlings & Vermeersch, 2011). The impact evaluation is directed at the results. This scheme for the improvement of impact evaluation provided in this article does not solve the problem completely. It just provides some steps to improve its effectiveness. The case of PMGSY is used to demonstrate the use of these steps in practice that makes it easy to understand what the
Introduction New technological integrations in the health care sector are likely to exhibit different issues which will affect the delivery of service in the United States. One major area of interest is Medical Imaging. Medical imaging is likely to modify the conventional practices in imaging interventions in areas such as; informed consent, using contrast media for intravenous purposes, and applying invasive measures i.e. angiograms and image-directed biopsies. However, contemporary trends in medical imaging interventions and techniques have given rise to new issues in the United States. The issues in question include cognizant, diagnostic procedures, teleradiology and filmless Imaging among others. This paper will elaborate on global competitive forces contributing to ethical issues in medical care States. The paper will also fix issues resulting from medical imaging technology and outline the role of the United States in dealing with the same. Global Competitive Forces Global competition in medical imaging has surged to the scope of worrying policymakers, not only in the United States but across the world. Bielski (1996) argues that a link between industrial marketing and medicine has brought about “alliance of expediency and coercion”. Marketing has been viewed as, an indispensable aspect of the industrial process, physicians, as they play an indispensable component in decisive decision making in selecting and acquiring medical equipment for patients, have become a key role in influencing the acquisition of medical equipment. They have cut deals with suppliers of medical equipments with an intention of having their share (Bielski, 1996). Whereas medical companies may have their own moral standards, they tend to ignore the moral concern of physicians, thus, contravening procurement procedures and professional ethics. Medical Imaging Issues Cognizant It is widely viewed that, a patient should be informed of the threat linked with a given diagnostic procedure. This is particularly important, noting the surging choice of current developments in the field of imaging technology. Uneven diffusion of information in regard to modern imaging possibilities and the choice of the doctor has, on occasions, disagreed on appropriate intervention deemed for a particular patient (Bielski, 1996). Failing in locating a particular intervention has caused challenges in advising patients, varying treatment decisions and result in contentious standards. Informed consent in film-less and teleradiology has undergone milestones in imaging practice. Thus, Imaging consent procedures for imaging have changed from one hospital to the next. The challenges of patients unwillingly refusing to tolerate and corporate during the process have exuded obstacles in the technology. This has raised an ethical issue because, the patients are not informed adequately in matters relating to information such as; time to be spent in the radiology unit, waiting for or during the process (Bielski, 1996). The Cost of Health Care Borsellino (1997) notes that technology change has contributed to surgi
Introduction In many films, music is used to improve the cinematic experience of viewers. On the other hand, it is used to enhance the delivery of certain messages through the various themes that movie producers explore. The choice of music used in a film depends on the message and theme that form the foundation of the movie’s script. Music determines how well a movie or a specific scene in the movie is received by viewers. The theme is vital a factor that determines how viewers receive a movie. This paper will discuss the role played by music in developing various themes in the movie Titanic . Also, it will discuss the content and themes of the movie and explain the role played by music in the movie. Content and themes The movie Titanic was produced in 1997 by James Cameron. It was described as one of the greatest films produced in the 20 th century. The story is a fictional presentation of the events that took place during the tragedy of the RMS Titanic ship. The movie stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet who belong to different social classes. However, their differences do not stop love from blossoming between them. They fall in love aboard the ship and form a strong, romantic relationship. The film explores two main themes that include romance and disaster. The producer of the film made the film because of his interest in shipwrecks. Cameron wanted to convey an emotional message by showing the events of the ill-fated Titanic voyage. The incorporation of a love story into the film helps to convey the message effectively because love and sadness are strong emotions. The movie begins with a treasure hunter searching the wreck of the Titanic for a treasured necklace. After retrieving a safe from the wreckage, Lovett hopes to find the necklace inside. However, he does not find the necklace. Instead, he retrieves several bank statements and a sketch of a nude woman adorning the necklace that he was looking for. He at once concludes that his search is futile. A few days later, a woman contacts Lovett claiming that she is the one in the sketch that was in the safe. In another scene, the lead character is seen as gambling. After winning tickets in a poker game, Dawson (played by DiCaprio) boards the ship together with his friend. The film also shows Rose, the woman that falls in love with Dawson, in the ship. She is in the first-class section
The Carlson’s SAN mechanism is one of the most suitable approaches in the modern IT environment. The main challenges occur in the maintenance of the database and flow of information between different users to support steady transfer of the data. The scenario can only happen once the end users are not affected by the migration of information and whenever the database response becomes constant. The approach by Carlson has, however, successfully met this condition. From an organization or business’s point of view, the SAN approach remains an adequate solution due to its incredible storage services, which are extended and at the same time cost effective. They include establishment of understanding the network IP technologies as well as data backup. The Pros and Cons of the SAN The merits of consolidations of data on the SAN data facility compared to the dispersion of the arrangements are always evident in the modern business environment. First, consolidation of the data management needs less investment in the servers and the machines. The second assertion is that whenever the data is consolidated into the central data facility, there are more and more space that get freed because of the reduction of the number of servers and the energy costs. Maintenance and labor costs, which are often referred to as the support costs are also reduced. As argued by Compta and Ferrer (2012), more than 70% of the costs involving data centers come from the administrative system, outsources and labor services. With the server consolidation, there exists significant proportion of the expenses which are cut and others eliminated. On one side, transfer or the migration of the dispersion on the arrangement of the SAN central facility data is accompanied by a number of the risks. The initial movement ought to have been slowly, and with very low priority application consolidated at first. If this data gets lost in the course of the migration process, it could then be a challenge to restore it to its initial position. It becomes a serious problem especially when the data storage services get inefficient or unlimited. There are unexpected effects that go hand in hand with issues of irreversible loss of data and may adversely affect the entire facility of the business (Market Research, 2015). The high priorities deployments should always be consolidated in the last bit. They should apply at an instance when the SAN central data facility operates efficiently and in a flawless manner. On the other hand, the end users who are the frequent customers and clients of the services might come across severe difficulties whenever they are trying to gain access to the required information. For instance, some technical aspects could also trigger negative impacts on the open attitude of the customers when it comes to the security of the data they give. Besides, data consolidations on the SAN facility need a continuous optimizing (Compta & Ferrer, 2012). That is done by giving specific attention to the performance of the Central Facility and its
Introduction Netflix is a leading international online movie and TV services provider. It is a USA based company, founded in 1997 with its headquarters in Los Gatos. Currently, the firm operates in America, Canada and Ireland. The firm’s core business activity involves providing internet based entertainment products, such as movies and TV programs, through various internet enabled devices. Netflix’s entertainment products are accessed through monthly subscriptions. The company’s mission is to increase its “streaming subscription business domestically and globally”. In order to achieve this mission, Netflix began joining international markets in 2010. Currently, the firm plans to join the UK market with its two main products, streaming content and DVD-by-mail. The rationale for the global strategy is based on the fact that the US online entertainment industry is mature and, thus, has little opportunities for growth. Additionally, the UK market is not fully exploited. Thus, joining it will enable the firm to increase its market share and revenues. Through internal and external environmental analysis, this paper seeks to identify the best entry mode for Netflix. PESTEL Analysis Political Political factors refer to the government policies that affect the operation of businesses in a given country. The political stability in UK promotes investments since it lowers political risks such as wars that might affect businesses negatively. In order to promote rapid economic growth, the government of UK remains committed to open trade. The government aims at eliminating trade barriers so that foreign firms can invest in UK. Additionally, the government intervenes in the economy by supporting UK-based firms in times of distress. For instance, the taxes charged on firms were reduced in 2010 to a single corporate tax in order to promote growth of local firms. Besides, bureaucracy has been reduced significantly, especially, in licensing new firms. Economic UK is the world sixth largest economy according to nominal GDP measures. It is also the world seventh largest economy according to purchasing power parity measures. UK is one of the few countries
One of the foremost features of realist editing in cinema is directors’ utilization of particularly long takes, which are meant to ensure the spatio-temporal unity of the explored themes and motifs. Apparently, by choosing in favor of long takes, as the integral element of realist movies’ spatio-temporal structure, directors are able to achieve a number of aesthetic objectives, such as ensuring the plausibility of movies’ semantic content, providing viewers with the in-depth insight into the workings of characters’ psyche, and allowing viewers to gain a better understanding of the explored themes and motifs’ significance. Moreover, according to Bazin, viewers’ exposure to the realistically edited movies, which feature an abundance of long takes, helps them to address their innermost psychological anxieties, concerned with viewers’ strive to preserve the spatial three-dimensionality of existence. 1 As it was noted by Nitzan, ‘The long deep-focused take, enhancing … three-dimensionality of objects shot in close-up… satisfies spectators’ craving for the mummification of being while positioning them in such a way that they could aesthetically experience the flowing passage of objective time’ 2 In this paper, I will aim to explore the validity of an earlier suggestion at length, while analyzing what appears to be the significance of utilization of long takes in Hou’s 2001 film Millennium mambo . The foremost aspect of how Hou went about providing the in-depth portrayal of film’s characters is the fact that, in Millennium mambo he refrained from emphasizing these characters’ singled-out psychological traits, while allowing viewers the liberty of interpreting them on their own, within the context of how the characters are being shown in the process of tackling life’s challenges. In its turn, this endows Millennium mambo with the spirit of intellectual honesty. After all, unlike what it is being the case with formalist/expressionist directors, in this particular movie Hou had made a point in treating audience’s members as such that are being fully capable of defining the semiotic significance of film’s themes and motifs, without a director needing to actively ‘assist’ them, in this respect. In its turn, this leaves very little doubt as to the fact that the specifics of Hou film’s editing are indeed being consistent with Bazin’s idea as to what accounts for the extent of a particular cinematographic work’s spatio-temporal unity, which according to this French movie-critic is being reflective of the extent of director’s willingness to treat viewers as ‘existential sovereigns’, fully capable of relying on their own sense of rationale, when it comes to defining the essentials of film’s aesthetic/semiotic appeal. This, of course, reveals Hou as a devotee of realist editing, concerned with the absence of ‘expressionist tricks’, such as back-in-time flashbacks, the presence of abstractionist close-ups, and the deliberately undermined integrity of film’s temporal spatiality. As Totaro pointed it out, ‘Expressive editing in
Introduction The play ‘Waiting for Godot’ and the novel ‘Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas’ are of two different genres that bring out societal facts but in a manner that employs works of fiction. Based in different settings, the two works of literature focus on issues that affect the society in different ways. They demonstrate the power of belief and actions that can help transform the world. According to Thompson, in most cases, authors often use their personal experiences to develop their plays and stories in a way that is not just educating but also very entertaining (88). In this paper, the focus will be to compare the goal-orientation between the protagonist in the play ‘Waiting for Godot’ and the novel ‘Fear and Loathing in Vegas’. The researcher will look at how protagonists in these two pieces of literature try to achieve their goals but in different ways. Analysis In both texts, it is clear that the protagonists have different goals that they seek to achieve and that they are using different ways that seem to have similar results. There are some similarities that can be drawn when critically analyzing the goals of the protagonists in these two texts and the manner in which they try to achieve these goals. In the play ‘Waiting for Godot’, we meet Vladimir and Estragon waiting for someone named Godot (Beckett 76). Their primary goal is to meet this person who is believed to be of blessing to the two. The coming of Godot is expected to solve most of the problems of the protagonists in this play. In the novel ‘Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas’, we meet Raoul Duke, a journalist who has traveled to Las Vegas to cover a motorcycle race for a given magazine (Bloom 87). He is seen to be going after the American dream. The American dream is an ideal environment where hard work brings success and prosperity. The protagonist in this novel is after this dream through his work as a journalist. One of the main similarities, especially at the beginning of the two texts, is that their goals are justifiable. They have a justifiable purpose to pursue their goal. Duke is genuinely concerned with achieving the American dream. Similarly, Vladimir and his friend are introduced as individuals who have a valid dream of meeting Godot, a person who shall transform their lives. Another striking similarity is that both protagonists’ actions are focused on achieving their goal. For Vladimir and his friend, doing nothing is the best way of achieving their goal. For Duke, being very active and doing a lot is the way of achieving the objective. The one doing nothing and the other doing so many things are all on their path towards achieving their goals. It is also clear that the authors of this literature use tagged speech extensively. The approaches that the protagonists used were primarily based on the specific goals that they were trying to achieve. In the play ‘Waiting for Godot’, the protagonists have several moments of soliloquy. Vladimir and Estragon are waiting for Godot and they cannot just stop speculating about the rewards that they shall get when the wait is over. They cannot do anything me