ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An article by David Zincenko titled ‘Don’t Blame the Eater’ takes an opinionated stance on the responsibility of fast-food companies in the promotion of products that target children and teenagers. These groups are especially vulnerable to the consumption of potentially dangerous or unhealthy products prevalent in fast-food industries due to the lack of sufficient warning labels and information. Zincenko (2002) makes the argument that government involvement is essential and mandatory in order to prevent hazardous risks, by either including proper labeling or another format of information delivery that will allow for educated decisions made by customers. Though such action has merit, it is unlikely to impact the health issues spurred by diet and potentially harmful products. This is largely for a number of reasons, including the demand-driven nature of fast-food economics, the influence of non-professional sources of information, and lack of initial education concerning the topic at an early stage by the government. The current fast-food industry is driven by the demand of customers and their preferences. There are a number of other factors that contribute to this, including location, pricing, and availability. Customers have much more access to health-conscious dietary information than ever before, yet they continue to create escalating demand for fast-food products. Special diets have a number of sources online, such as resources on vegan, clean eating, or other directions of healthy nutrition which are accessible to most. There is a variety and excess of information available on better nutrition, made available by the government, professionals, or other parties. However, the demand for the factors of fast-food products such as price, timeliness, and taste outweigh the concerns for health. As such, I mostly disagree with Zincenko’s solution. Though the resources available, especially on the web, are limitless and incredibly diverse, the quality of the information is also questionable. Even if customers turn to non-government sources if those are not available, it is not guaranteed that they will find adequate dietary and health information. In the case of Jordan Younger, a vegan who participated and promoted a very intensive diet of raw and minimal ea
Lapsley et al. argue that adolescence is a social construction. Explain their point of view: what is a social construction, and what evidence led to their theory? In the growth and development stage of a human being, the adolescent period has been considered to be a natural stage found between childhood and adulthood. However, Lapsley et.al., observe that it is a social construct that brings certain understandings (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2013). Based on social imagination, individuals in this stage or social group are unique. This factor makes adolescents be a separate subculture that is different from other stages in human development. Capps (2009) points out that numerous changes have been witnessed in the history of adolescents. some of the changes have been brought out by the institutionalization of recreation, education, immigration, urbanization, industrialization, and cultural aspects. These factors have contributed to massive sociological changes that Lapsley et.al., attribute to the current view of the adolescent as individuals who lack privileges and responsibilities attached to adults (Sigelman & Rider, 2012). Besides, the adolescent stage of development is a period whereby an individual experiences vast physical and psychological growth (Sigelman & Rider, 2012). Identity crisis is the most significant aspect that individuals in this stage face in the course of their development. At this stage, individuals may gain the necessary sense of trust, competence, control, and independence (Sigelman & Rider, 2012). In particular, they are faced with vocation problems and sexual orientation. They easily become a subject of unhealthy peer pressure that eventually leads them to conflicts. Kail and Cavanaugh (2013) define social construction as to how a society dignifies a certain group of people. Moreover, the byproducts of choices made by a group of human beings are social constructs. These are opposed to essentialism that focuses on efforts to generate and participate in the creation of social phenomena through knowledge and interpretations. Theoretically, it is believed that a social construct is not natural since it is based on social facts gained from human existence. Arguments for social constructs indicate that social reality best explains the theory. Orsmond, Krauss, and Seltzer (2004) indicate that social reality, in this case, is based on institutions and social mores as well as traditions. Each individual has a social and natural reality based on experience that exists through inter-subjective interactions or by natural independence. However, critics of this imagination indicate that relying on facts as presented by social constructs theory makes the whole meaning relative since there is a possibility that the knowledge of the truth might be non-existent (Sigelman & Rider, 2012). Describe the transition to adulthood in contemporary America Transition into adulthood in contemporary America marks a major passage of an individual from being a teenager to
Jabberwocky by Lewis Caroll is considered to be one of the greatest nonsense poems written in the English language (Gardner 12). Originally it featured as a part of his novel Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (1871). Eleanor Graham admits this “strange nonsense poem printed in Looking-Glass characters, made more stir than anything else in the book.” (Graham 35) There are different views on the origin of the poem. Graham claims that Lewis Caroll had created the verse years before the novel was published: “as a young man in his early twenties, when he had printed it in his private magazine, Misch-Masch, as “A Stanza of Anglo-Saxon Poetry”. He printed them both in Anglo-Saxon and modern characters, with a glossary, ending with a literal translation of the passage into crude English.” (Graham 46) The meanings in the glossary differed from those in the Through The Looking Glass, therefore, the translation read: “It was evening, and the smooth active badgers were scratching and boring holes in the hill-side, all unhappy were the parrots and the grave turtles squeaked out.” (Graham 53) Several years later the author made some changes in the poem while playing a verse-making game with his cousins near Sunderland (Graham 48). While comparing the two versions of the poem one can observe that the words differ in their spelling: bryllyg becomes brillig, and the like (Jabberwocky). In the Times Literary Supplement (1957) Roger Lancelyn Green assumes that some part of the poem might have been inspired by an old German ballad called The Shepherd of the Giant Mountains (Green 12). In this poem, a young shepherd killed a monster–like Griffin. Caroll’s relative Menella Bute Smedley had translated this epic poem many years before the Through the Looking-Glass appeared. Sean B. Palmer in his Origins of Jabberwocky finds some connection of the poem with two lines from the opening scene of Shakespearean Hamlet. He states that similarity is remarkable and demonstrates it in the following way: The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets: —Hamlet; Act I, Scene I ‘Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe: —Jabberwocky; Stanza I (Palmer). Coming back to Graham’s theory, she states that there is no reference in the novel to the Anglo-Saxon origin of the poem. The verse is presented as being in looking-glass language (Graham 49). Others believe that it is a mistaken belief to treat the verse as one of Anglo-Saxon origin. Though Lewis’s original verse was called A Stanza of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, it was entirely the product of his creativity. It follows neither Anglo-Saxon poetry style nor syntax and grammar. The thing is that Caroll’s “Anglo-Saxon” characters were simply the letters of the modern English alphabet, just written in an unusual style that resembles much the Anglo-Saxon script. It is really doubtful that the author wanted to mislead the reader, the “Anglo-Saxon” scr
Globalization tends to “change the nature and behavior of firms that engage in large-scale international co-ordination and control, which in turn could transform the characteristics of their home business system” (Edwards and Rees 18). According to Patrickson and Hartmann, Australia has been adopting European and American managerial guidelines and elements of organizational culture, even though the country “sees itself as a part of the Asian economic network” (200). This involvement in global managerial tendencies can be illustrated by the adoption of the Fair Work Act in 2009 which demonstrates the acknowledging of diversity ideas significance in Australia (Kramar and Syed 13). At the same time, notable figures in Australian management (for example, Elton Mayo) and the activities of Australian organizations contribute to the development of managerial science and job worldwide (Wright 60). As globalization offers opportunities for sharing experience and ideas, Australia is involved in this process which is unlikely to end soon. Increasing Global Competition From the point of view of economics, globalization presupposes a “more complex and interrelated transnational economic system” (Gerber 276). This poses new challenges for any business. In order to ensure the flexibility and competitiveness of a company, managers need to create and maintain their culture, identity, and reputations while encouraging employee integrity (Abratt and Kleyn 1048-1053). Increasing Workforce Diversity According to Patrickson and Hartmann, the Australian workforce is diverse from the point of view of gender and ethnicity since the country embraces migrants or children of migrants from over 160 countries (199). Besides, diversity resulting from other factors (for example, religious ones) should be taken into account. With the tendency of diversity to increase, it ap
Introduction Erik Erikson’s model of psychosocial development is one of the approaches that are supposed to describe a person’s behavior across the lifespan. This model includes several important concepts that can be used for explaining the way in which an individual’s identity is shaped. In particular, one can speak about the stage, when a child learns to trust and mistrust. This development stage can influence values, attitudes, and perceptions of a person. This is one the main aspects that should be distinguished. In turn, this paper is aimed at discussing these notions from biophysical, psychological, and social dimensions since they are important for the evaluation of a person’s development. These are the main questions that should be examined more closely. On the whole, it is possible to argue that the choice between trust and mistrust has profound implications for the behavior of a person and his attitude toward other people. Additionally, parents and social workers should make sure that an infant is not exposed to significant hazards during this psychosocial stage. This task is critical for promoting the socialization of a child, h
Having read the article “Performance management at Intermountain healthcare” by Richard M. J. Bohmer and Alexander C. Romney from April 22, 2009, it becomes obvious that no matter which actions are provided improved quality often reduces revenues. There are a lot of different explanations to his fact and the authors of the article tried to explain the dependence of the improvement of the services quality and the revenue lowering. The main purpose of this paper is to assess critically the mentioned article and to try to understand the reasons of revenue reduction in cases when it should increase as the services of the better quality presuppose more appreciation from the side of the customers. Having considered the practical example with clinical programs, performance management, and physician incentives, Richard M. J. Bohmer and Alexander C. Romney in their article managed to draw the following conclusions. One of the main reasons of revenue reduction is an “inherent tension between financial performance and the provision of high quality clinical care” (Bohmer and Romney 8). His tension is explained by the inability of all citizens of the country to use the services of the IHC. If everyone in the county referred to the services of the IHC, the expenses would reduce by 34% that would result in sufficient savings of about 500 billion dollars. Looking at the situation from another point of view, it is possible to predict the reduction of the revenue as the result of the increased costs of equipment, staff and other specific services. It is rather difficult to deal with the problems which are based on the financial issues which do not depend on the manager. One cannot reduce the quality to reduce the expenses. People want more and more comfort and quality in services. Healthcare is the sphere which cannot be omitted. Trying to deal with the problem of reduction of the revenue at the expense of the increase of the quality of the services, IHC and the field of healthcare management should increase savings to compensate he loss. Savings increase is possible with the increase of the visitors and clients of the healthcare establishments. There is another problem connected with the reduction of the revenues, IHC can increase savings and really notice that increase only if the staff is reduced and the capacity is removed. Therefore, the increased quality if the health care establishments reduces the revenue. Those organizations which appear on the way of choice whether to increase the quality of the services or to leave the level of the revenue should remember about the savings which are possible in this case. Quality increase is obligatory and the healthcare establishments should think about the ways how to increase the quality and to leave the revenue. The world is changing and all the changes are directed at the increase of the quality and timeline of the services provided. The capabilities sh
Child and family’s experience of trauma According to one of the core concepts, traumatic experiences are inherently complex. All traumatic events usually involve varying traumatic experiences. In the case of Amarika and her family, their traumatic experience was that of witnessing an injury that was life threatening. Amarika’s mother, Makisha Lawrence, had been shot in the presence of her daughter. This was traumatizing to the child (Amarika) since she actually witnessed the incident. She watched her mother fall on her back after the bullet hit her. Such traumatized children usually experience subjective reactions to such experiences. Amarika showed these reactions by behaving differently. She refused to eat and could not go to sleep. She also behaved differently when with her aunt, Latanya. She did not want to play with her and could not calm down even when her favourite show was on. Similar to any traumatized child, Amarika considered a possible protective action during her trauma. She could not let her mother off her eyes since she was scared of losing her. However, this led to feelings of conflict. Her mother did not like the fact that she followed her around everywhere and this led to feelings of anger in Amarika’s part since she did not understand why her mother avoided her. Her mother’s reactions further added layers of complexity to Amarika’s traumatic event. Understanding risk factors Amarika’s trauma occurred within a context that included both child-intrinsic and child-extrinsic factors. The child-extrinsic factors included her familial environment since her grandmother always left her behind when she went to visit her daughter in hospital. The risk that is associated with such traumatic experiences is the fact that they usually generate secondary adversities and may act as reminders to the child of such traumatizing moments (core concept). Even after Amarika’s mother was discharged, Amarika always wanted to accompany her wherever she went since her mother’s absence acted as a trauma reminder and this affected her recovery. Amarika’s doll also acted as Makisha’s trauma reminder since it reminded her that she was not with her daughter at the time of the incident. According to another core concept, children usually exhibit varying reactions to trauma and loss. Amarika’s reactions varied in intensity, frequency and duration. For example, she could not go to sleep and did not want to eat either. She only took milk. Her mother also observed that she usually fell intentionally on her back and lied down there motionless. This particular course of posttraumatic reaction was influenced by the nature of her traumatic experience. She had witnessed her mother being shot and also watched as she fell on her back and lied motionless. Imitat
Every business must be managed carefully, and every detail must receive a fair amount of attention. When it comes to healthcare, such facilities must require even more attention because they focus on people’s well-being. Performing such duties might be strenuous and expensive, and mentally demanding. As a Chief Nursing Officer, one will be faced with principles that include integrity maintenance, cash flow management, and employee motivation in the given circumstances. To start with, a healthcare business must always maintain its integrity. It can be evident that any business field should be focused on communication, which makes integrity a vital part (Fisher, 2008). In the given facility, the integrity maintenance principle is heavily adhered to. First of all, every doctor follows an ethical code, meaning that they know of doctor-patient confidentiality. Moreover, doctors and nurses focus on honest communication with patients. For example, in my situation, I tell patients about their actual conditions and honestly answer their questions. Another important business principle is proper cash flow management. Healthcare facility requires renovations and innovations, meaning that there will constantly be situations when new equipment or repairs will be needed (Mason et al., 2020). In this situation, it is highly necessary to implement the needed changes to not jeopardize patients’ health and well-being. For example, as a CNO, it was my obligation to manage the replacement of power generators. As a result, generators enabled the personnel to carry out their duty without problems during a storm and power outage. The last principle is the management of employees and providing them with motivation. In the case of a healthcare facility, it is essential that the employees are rewarded and their hard work is appreciated. The employees are offered extra days off and gift cards in the given facility. This can make the workers feel heard and supported. Without these steps, the nurses and doctors will have burnout and lose the desire to provide high-quality results. Thus, the given principles were chosen due to the impact they can bring on employees and patients. The mentioned principles are being used, providing good results and leading to the satisfaction of all parties. These principles are important to me since I believe that healthcare should be based on these values. Otherwise, no facility will be able to treat their patients, and there will be no trust and respect between healthcare personnel and patients.
The Mission The story in the film The mission released in 1986 deals with the Spanish Jesuits who are trying to convert a community of Guarani Indians to Christianity and protect them from slave hunters. The characters of the film can be divided into four groups that are interpreted allegorically. These groups might be comparable to Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes, and Zealots. Jesuits and Father Gabriel who is a Spanish Jesuit priest are considered as Sadducees. They focus on spreading Christianity and oppose owners of plantations who want to enslave the members of the Guarani tribe. Although Guarani wanted to kill Father Gabriel when they saw him for the first time as they killed the previous preacher, he managed to gain the trust of the Indians to educate them on the mission. This mission also provided shelter for refugees from slave hunters who wanted to sell them to wealthy plantations ( The Mission 1986). Portuguese colonials and Cardinal Altamirano sent by Papa might be referred to Pharisees. They have rather liberal views on religious issues. Portuguese laws of that time allowed slavery, and since Jesuits’ missions protected tribes of Indians who were potential slaves, the Vatican sent a representative to decide which missions are allowed to remain in the territory. Cardinal Altamirano who is a former Jesuit has to choose between two evils. If all the missions are eliminated, native tribes who are converted to Christianity will be enslaved. Moreover, the decision to allow some missions to remain will threaten the Jesuit Order as they might be attacked by Portuguese authorities. Indian tribes might be compared to Essenes. They have just been converted to Christianity and tend to look for a messiah to save them from slavery. They chose the image of the Messiah who can defeat their enemies in the battle like a warrior because this image is more compatible with their mentality. Jesuit missions played a great role in teaching and protecting them. Some researchers state that the main purpose of “the Jesuit mission program on the frontiers of Spanish America was to recast the social structure, religion, and world view, and work habits of the different native groups congregated on the missions” (Jackson 2015, p. 35). It seems that Indians see their messiah in Mendoza who is a warrior and can protect the mission. Still, it is against Jesuit traditions, and fighting the enemies back leads to breaking Jesuit vows. For example, Father Gabriel is against violence, even though he is willing to protect the mission from planters. Therefore, Mendoza and his followers among natives who stand for the military protection of the mission can also be regarded as Zealots. Mendoza who is a former slave hunter breaks his vows given to Jesuits to fight the oppressors, protect natives, and get some autonomy for the land. This is a revolt against God’s commandments that prohibit killing human beings. Mendoza’s attempts to fight back the soldiers sent to conquer the mission characterize him and his Guarani followers as potential revolutionaries. Mendoza can also be referred to Paul bec