ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The amount of data generated and used by companies, including Sifers-Grayson, is constantly increasing. Its volume and technologies’ development make businesses vulnerable to intruders, including insider threats. The actions of insiders can bring significant losses to the company. They can manipulate data for their benefit, hide their activities, cooperate with competitors, and commit other misconduct. Despite the many tricks that attackers can use, an Identity Governance and Administration (IGA) solution can secure the enterprise. Using Identity Governance and Administration can deliver significant benefits for business. IGA is a security solution and policy by which enterprises reduce the risks associated with access to information and manage identity in the company (“Identity Governance,” n.d.). A more straightforward understanding of IGA – is a toolkit that helps companies manage who has access to what (Bago & Glazer, 2021). To fully understand the benefits of these tools, it is important to distinguish some aspects of security that they affect. Businesses use large amounts of data, and it is essential to classify data to protect it. Various departments use different information and need to be differentiated by ownership – for example, financial data, separated from engineering. Data can be labeled as to its sensitivity as confidential, secret, restricted, internal, and public (Istrefi, 2019). This classification determines the value of information and its need for protection – from confidential and secret, which require the most significant protection, to the public data in the public domain. Employees should have a distinct level of access to different data groups classified by ownership and sensitivity, which is the basis for security. Employees’ access levels to various data are related to the responsibilities they perform. In this regard, the company needs to provide separation of duties and least privilege. S
Abstract The criminal justice system is generally multifaceted and has numerous stakeholders. It is the tool that is used by state governments to ensure that there is an order in society. It is also used to enforce laws and to administer justice. Also, it permits every government to exercise some level of control over its citizens. This paper examines the issue of punishment and sentencing in England as a way of guaranteeing a healthy society. It takes a look at the history of the country’s criminal justice system and the contribution of England to the world criminal justice system. Introduction Criminal justice is regarded as a multifaceted system with numerous goals and many players. It is used mainly used by state governments to maintain order, enforce laws, and administer justice. To a certain extent, it permits governments to mess about with the lives of citizens. Originally, prisons were meant to be a holding place for defendants waiting to be tried. Prison facilities were mostly owned by private individuals who would charge prisoners for accommodation and other vital services. In England, prisons were used as detention rather than punishment facilities. Prisoners in these facilities would be faced with starvation and existed in very poor health conditions. Also, they risked contracting illnesses in the process. This paper looks at the development of punishment and sentencing and how it is presently applied in England. History According to Hostettler (vii), the modern criminal justice system has undergone a great transformation to be what it is today. It includes different forms of policing, courts, specific procedures, and various types of punishments. This has been associated with changes in the culture, laws, and political theories in England. Drawing from a study by Terrill (18), the establishment of political and legal institutions in the United Kingdom took place between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries. After the English Civil War that happened during the first half of the seventeenth century, political institutions that led to the modern structure of governance were established. The House of Commons was instituted while the monarch in England was reduced and political parties emerged. While many countries in the world have a formal written document known as the constitution and used to govern the country, England is governed through an unwritten constitution. The country’s constitution is a mixture of statute laws, precedent, and tradition (Terrill 23). Constitutional law in England is mainly founded on statutes of parliament. Parliament in the United Kingdom is supreme and is fully responsible for the creation of the law that governs the country. As noted by Hirschel, Wakefield, and Sasse (21), the framework of government in the United Kingdom differs from many others, including the United States in several ways. First, England has a unitary system of government that does not have separate state and federal
Introduction The colonial women were instrumental when it came to work though their work mainly occurred at home. Stretching from the colonial period to the revolution of America to the end of the Second World War, women performed household roles because of cultural indifference. It took a long period for women to change their roles. Through liberation movements and strikes, women fought to take positions initially assumed as “men’s work”. However, after the Second World War, men started recognizing the potential of women and slowly changed their beliefs to allow them take some of their roles at work. Nevertheless, some roles of women never changed and remain even up to today. The paper examines the role played by colonial women on work. As Kiger and Riley (1996) notes, these roles have changed significantly and the modern woman does not do much of what the colonial woman did. However, it is imperative to note that even in the contemporary world, some roles played by colonial women still remains. For example, women do all household work with little assistance from men. Nevertheless, there are certain roles than women never performed. For instance, women never participated in politics and in churches, they did not preach. However, on realizing this, women regrouped themselves to fight for these rights. Their long struggle for equality with men bore them fruits (pp.357-360). Roles of the Colonial Woman on Work The main roles of the colonial women were preparing meals for their children and husbands, raising children, participating in farming activities, helping their husbands to build houses, and engaging in artistry work of manufacturing pots from clay, jewelry and other household or farm tools. As women performed household chores, men involved themselves in activities like hunting and in some occasions, they were the one who fought with bordering communities whenever a feud arose. Nevertheless, the roles of women varied from one particular tribe to another. For instance, some communities allowed women to hunt, and participate in traditional war activities. In some communities, women were community or spiritual leaders, while in others, women served as traditional healers. As time went by, European women arrived and settled in Jamestown. These women also performed domestic roles as their European husbands engaged themselves in making profits and mining gold. Kamensky (1995) quickly asserts that European women hated doing dirty work like that of cultivating in the fields but instead, remained at home to attend household chores. Like the Native women, European women helped their husbands to construct houses. This was actually their hard task because as soon as they finished constructing homes, they could not perform any other activity apart from taking care of
Introduction Innovation is an object, idea or practice that is regarded as new by individuals or units for adoption (Rodgers, 1983). It is the invention of more effective or better ideas, services, processes, products or technologies which are readily accepted by the target market, the society and governments. In regard to innovation, the target market is the most important. Innovations act as the catalysts for growth in the increasingly competitive business field. Irrespective of the field a company operates, firms must continually transform structures of the economy from within by being innovative in products, services and processes. Companies must also seek for improved ways and methods to enchant their customer base with improved and better quality, price, service and durability. These are the products of innovation which might be realized through the integration of organizational strategies and advanced technologies. Innovations will not only add value to the customers, but also make business economically feasible (Tushman & Anderson, 2004). This paper explores innovation with regard to Kodak Eastman which used innovations to become the leader in the film and photography industry. Kodak Eastman Company Background Kodak Eastman was founded by George Eastman. The first camera to consumers was handed to a customer in 1888 with the slogan ‘You press the button, we do the rest’. The complicated and cumbersome process of having images for reference was significantly made easy. The innovation was easily accessible to most of the consumers. Since then, the company has always led the filming and photography market with abundant new processes and products that make photography more useful, simpler and enjoyable. Contemporary, the company is not only known for filming and photography, but also for a variety of images used in scientific, entertainment, leisure and commercial applications. The company was designed to involve technology to combine information and images. This created and continues to create the potential to reflective change on how businesses and people communicate (Kodak, n.d.). Having conducted intensive research into filming, Eastman and colleagues introduced the first day-light camera. The user of the camera would reload the camera without the necessity to be in a darkroom. Initially, small companies that were borrowing Kodak’s idea faced intensive competition from Kodak. The founder invested heavily in R&D which resulted in innovation of products that had a leading edge in the market. The products disrupted the photography and filming markets as they were highly innovative. Keeping pace with the company’s innovative products was challenging for new entrants. Maintaining leadership in innovation is challenging for most technological companies. Kodak is an innovator in the camera, digital and film markets. The company’s engineer
Introduction France has many distinct ethnicities, and their traditions are essential for the nation. Celtic and Gallo-Roman civilizations, Francs, and Germanic tribes influenced its culture in past centuries. Nevertheless, the word “nationalism” was created by French thinkers during the Enlightenment era, instilling a passion for it in the citizens. This work aims to study a particular aspect of the culture of France, in this case, the area of cultural values. Main body To be French means to have French citizenship and to demonstrate the values central to French culture. Many people believe that the French are truly united people based on their attention to equality and brotherhood. Currently, individuals are reconsidering what it signifies to be French, particularly in light of the European Union’s expansion and the flood of immigrants. Nevertheless, there is a widespread belief that France should be the homeland of French citizens. As a result, the government restricts state entities from gathering background information on individuals to prevent religious and ethnic inequalities. Nevertheless, the uniformity of modern France has become a sensitive issue. Despite an absence of evidence, it is often assumed that the French world has become more varied in the past few decades. For instance, it currently represents one of the largest Muslim societies in West Europe. In France, Muslim populations have made contributions to gastronomy, literature, and the arts. Others feel that immigrants should adapt to the predominant French culture, while some have welcomed the role of different civilizations. Nonetheless, individuals of French culture, especially immigrants, are constantly redefining what it means to be French. Individualism is prevalent in French society, which means that the needs of oneself and one’s close family take precedence. Usually, suitable engagement is determined by whether or not an individual is in one’s circle of acquaintances. In France, there are numerous subtle social customs that reflect this tendency. From outsiders’ perspective, the French are polite and respectful and present themselves as good friends. In France, it is vital to adhere to societal expectations and maintain suitable formality. A ‘wrong step’ is an awkward or naive deed or comment in a social environment. An instance of a misstep would be addressing a friend by their first name. The French people’s formality and restrained attitude, along with the straightforwardness of the French language, might mistakenly come off as chilly or haughty to a stranger (Lodge et al., 2016). Nevertheless, correct etiquette often relaxes and relaxes in the presence of excellent friends and relatives. After being familiar, a French individual is inclined to demonstrate openness and kindness. The French have a sense of national pride in their language since it is frequently associated with French nationality. People who see
Extra weight among young infants and children continues to be a significant issue in the health of population worldwide although the problem has raised concerns for the past few decades. Obesity among children across all ages has increased rapidly for children above 5 years of age. The obesity among children of ages between 2-4 years doubled between 1975 and 2015 (Di Cesare et al. 2019). The main contributing factors for the existing obesity epidemic is due to the varying food systems and a drop in level of physical activities (Ogden et al., 2016). Studies in the recent past estimates that 40 million children below 5 years and more than 330 million children aged between 5 and 19 years had excess weights or obesity (Fanzo et al., 2018). The increasing trend in the prevalence of obese children and excess weight attracted the attention of the World Health Organization which endorsed an initiative to reduce the cases by 2025. First, the world has experienced an increase in the supply of totally affordable and less expensive foods and beverages which are characteristically energy-dense and ultra-processed. Globalization of food supply which involves consideration of the profitability when producing and marketing processed high energy content foods than fresh products has contributed to the changing food systems. On the other hand, the number of individuals including children who practice inactive routines with high prevalence of physical inactivity has tremendously increased (Di Cesare et al., 2019). Children develop a right to choose the foods they consume and the levels of physical activities they engage in which in turn affect their curren
Architecture The durability of a structure is an essential feature considered before construction begins. The plan to manage and maintain a building starts with the architecture. Architectures can be optimized to ensure a house has a long and successful life (Rose). The principle selected in this paper is architecture, which involves the creation of designs for construction projects, including plans for future alterations and redevelopments. Having a good plan is important in facility management as it helps with ease of maintenance or making changes to the buildings. Importance of Architecture in Facility Management Success Architects develop designs and concepts that meet client’s requirements and are in accordance with the building’s regulations. Ensuring the longevity of a structure begins with satisfying rules and guidelines set by a country. Illegal buildings are demolished, meaning they do not serve the intended purpose for long. Architecture also creates a plan that defines the needs, resources, and materials for a building. Architects can suggest materials that will be durable based on the built environment (Rose). Understanding the construction needs allows the architects to create flexible spaces, which is helpful in maintaining or modifying the buildings. Modifications extend the lifespan of a building because components like façade and HVAC (heating, ventilating, air conditioning) can be replaced. Architect engineers also work with structural engineers to assess the stability and strength factors (Mishra). Such coordination makes sure a building is designed to withstand aggressive environmental issues such as earthquakes. Role of Architecture in IFMA’s key competencies Facility managers require key skills and competencies to perform their jobs effectively. The IFMA created 11 core competencies needed for a competent facility manager. They include communication, emergency preparedness, business continuity, environmental stewardship and sustainability, finance and business, human factors, leadership and strategy, operations and maintenance, project management, quality, real estate and property management, and technology ( Essentials of FM ). Architecture plays a significant role in six of these competencies by preparing the facility managers to have well-laid plans that they can use to oversee the building’s management. Architects assess the needs or condition of a facility and recommend what is needed for a building to continue operating. The architects help in financial management and budgeting because they understand the resources and materials necessary for a structure to remain of the best quality. Abilities, Improvements, and Application in Real-world Situation Facility managers are allocated the various duties that ensure the structures are performing optimally. I possess skills such as HVAC, plumbing, and electrical that are crucial in maintaining devices and components of a building. HVAC is considered the greatest source of complaints from the customers as it comprises pumps, boilers, cooling units, chillers, control systems, and fans ( FM Services ). Therefore, my awareness in this area will help e
China More often than not, people set up businesses in order to generate profits, regardless of the size, nature or location. But depending on the nature and long term goals, strategies are set up. The strategy a company will employ will differ greatly from city to city and living in the global village we do today, from country to country but the bottom line will always remain profits. The same rule applies for the corner shop down the street where you buy your coca cola or the multinational itself, which supplies the corner shop. Location scouting for setting up production factories, outlets, and joint ventures is a task that is taken very seriously. One of the most favorite locations is China. Though many people say entering China is tedious due to its government policies of wanting to share technology so they could learn from them. But with changing times China is also changing from a communist country to a capitalist one, making it easier for multinationals to enter their market. As far as the argument of risking market share to China goes, that exists everywhere in the world. If it’s not them, it’ll be someone else. China is a humongous market which provides great opportunities be it in terms of size of its market or the cheaply available labor. Setting up production plants there also removes trade barriers such as import quotas allowing a greater share in the market. China is a populous country which can make up a good portion of the overall profit as the probability of selling there is quite high. All countries will present problems of their own while setting up business there, but one thing which the Chinese can be relied upon for is their integrity and if that means giving up some management methods to them than it’s a fair price to pay. Yahoo One of the biggest online names one can not ignore even if they wanted to is Yahoo. Yahoo was launched in 1994 in the form of an online business making it fall into the category of electronic business, better known as e-business. The company is perhaps best known for its web portal, search engine, Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, news, and social media websites and services. Yahoo! was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was incorporated on March 1, 1995. Unlike a normal business, it doesn’t have a brick-and-mortar form from which it operates but that doesn’t mean that there are no physical premises. Yahoo is such a large organization, with its operations world over. People may be off the belief that because it is online ther
Marita, the good fairy of the forest Kalikasan, was enjoying a lovely day. She was very happy with how the flowers bloomed and how the animals slept soundly. She closes her eyes to take in the quiet when suddenly, she was astounded by an ugly, deafening sound…. Noisy trucks cutting down the trees!. Marita lost the smile on her face. In its place rolled her precious tears as she ran to protect her beloved animals. Far from the maddening noise, a happy orangutan family was having a meal. “Hold on tight, Gus, and just enjoy the ride!”, Cornelius, the huge orangutan father looked back at his little son, as he walked on all fours legs. Gus, his adorable junior, hung on to his mother, Xera, a lovely and smaller version of Cornelius. She expertly climbed tree branches to pick fruits and tree barks. “Whee, mom, this is fun! …and yummy too!!!”, Gus exclaimed. Xera saw more fruits at the top part of the tree so she put Gus down on the ground first. “Stay here, my little one, and don’t go wandering too far. Mama will be back with more yummy treats for you. Be a good boy, you hear!” Xera’s loved her son dearly. She would never allow anyone to get him from her, no! What happened to her baby brother, Xyrus was one thing that she dreaded to happen to Gus. A few years ago, humans captured Xyrus and when their parents tried to stop them, the humans shot them dead and baby Xyrus was carried away by the bad people. Xera could not do anything but swear that it will never happen to her and to her future children. Gus sat on the ground nibbling on some fruits when a little girl handed