ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Caring for the elderly has been one of the main concerns in this society for a very long time (Scott 2011, p. 78). The aged, just like the young, are very delicate and deserve special care, treatment, and close attention. Unlike the young, these old people should be taken care of with a lot of dignity. According to Harbert (2011, p. 90), for the past several years, the elderly have not been given the required attention and carein the community in various countries. In some communities, there has been a tendency of neglecting the aging population. However, as Mayers (2004, p. 67) explains, there is agrowing global concern for the aged. Various ways of caring for this group have emerged with the emergence of various governmental and non-governmental organisations concerned which are focused on caring for the elderly people.Burger (2014, p. 89) points out that the United States, through the Department of Health and Human Services has been of great influence to many nations on the concern for this people (King 2009, p. 72). The United States has one of the largest non-profit making organisation that cares for the ageing population. The Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society is reported to accommodate a very large population of the elderly in 22 States of America. There areother special care centers for the aged in the United States(Monette 2014, p. 82). This care is known as the Acute Care Of Elder Units. According to Chenoweth (2005, p. 71), this care provides a home-like setting for the elderly within a hospital. Other nations like Canada and Australia have also designed their various ways to care for the aging population in the society (Crews & Whittington 2000, p. 86). In Australia,The Aged Care Systems have been developed to help this population. Although most of the aged in this nation prefer home care given by their youngerrelations in their place of residence, the government has come up with agencies and bodies that offer specialised care to the aged (O’Connor 2009, p. 83). The Australian Aged Care Quality Agency This is an Australian aged care agency that was formed to oversee the service provision of the home care service bodies in this nation (Mortell 2014, p. 112). As outlined in the law, this agency performs various roles. One of its main roles is accrediting the residential care services. Croft (2008, p. 77) says that this is important because of the need to monitor the
Introduction In today’s environment, hospitality students who finish pursuing education often face difficulties in finding suitable jobs due to the competition in the job market. Hospitality students are expected to meet the challenges imposed by the prospective employers in the context of their education being relevant to the industry. Most of the academic programs in the hospitality sector are designed to teach students the techniques and skills that will keep them in high stead while performing their hospitality jobs. The main aim of these programs is to enable students to be able to manage the fast-changing expectations of such jobs in the highly competitive hospitality sector, which entails the management of employer demands and fast-changing consumer attitudes. Main body According to Johnstone (1994), there is a big gap in terms of employer expectations and formal education and training in the hospitality industry. He has stressed the need for academic institutions to address the skills, which are a necessity for such students to incorporate, and which are presently being left for employers to handle. Most employers in the hospitality sector feel that several skills in the sector should have been taught in the academic institutions at undergraduate levels and that there is an immediate need for hospitality education to incorporate such changing demands of the industry. The hospitality sector works in a very challenging environment, which requires catering to a continuous and swift change of consumer patterns. Hence hospitality education programs must be flexible in adapting within their curriculum such changes in the educational content as also in enabling the students to imbibe the required skills and knowledge to meet up to the job expectations. Research by Goodman and Sprague (1991) has shown that those students of hospitality who have a strong base understanding and knowledge of the industry will fare much better in the long term and prove to be of advantage to employers also. The present education levels do not fully meet the expectations of the hospitality industry and if the education can be modified in a calculated manner it would surely result in bringing about solutions in terms of the content and skills matching the industry needs. The ultimate goal of the education programs in the hospitality sector should be to equip students with the abilities to meet contemporary knowledge and skill as required by a quickly changing and competitive hospitality sector. It is quite evident that the need for hospitality education arose given the requirement of competent professionals in the hospitality sector, which was driven by high industry standards. According to Nelson and Dobson (2001), the success of hospitality education programs is determined by the quality of graduates from these institutions as also their retention rate within the industry. Unfortunately, most of the hospitality programs today lack the generality of business perspectives (Pavesic 1991), and there have been several curriculum issues debated regarding hospitality literature mainly due to
Based on the analysis of the different communication strategies put into action by different organizations both small and large-scale; it is evident that external communication whose target is customers and stakeholders has been highly perfected through the skills of marketing, and communication specialists. The rationale behind the perfection of this communication area is that; the move is deemed as capable of creating more income, better public relations; better use of resources, better client information and keeping of available clients. The other rationale for perfecting external communication and plan execution is that; the move is helpful in the development of strategic plans to aid long-term decision making (Scholes, 1999). However few institutions address internal decision making with the same emphasis in deciding what is to be communicated to the staff, when it should be conveyed and how it should be done; which is often left to the time of need. As a result, internal communication strategies are developed in a reactive manner when there is a crisis, or a major issue requiring communication issues (Mccann, 2008). The institution should be careful, as these methods to be used in communicating the different policies ranging from those relating to sexual harassment deterrence, misuse of the internet resource, attendance measures and employee performance development at a go; will be targeting different audience. As a result, the communication should be professional so as to portray a clear line of action, engage the staff, protect the institutional reputation; promote change, and nurture regulation and compliance (Mccann, 2008). Some of the internal communication methods that can be used to communicate the varied policies, strategies and line of action to the varied staff include the folowing. The use of staff or team meetings can be useful as the issue of sexual harassment can be dealt with to address the issues of; what is to be done by the victims, what action will be taken on the offenders, and the measures employed to avoid the vice like the use of CCTV cameras to monitor the moves of staff. The abuse of internet can also be addressed through communication in the meeting; where the monitoring measures to be used in detecting the abusive behavior will be communicated, action to be taken against offenders conveyed; and restrictions like limits to the use of internet with reference to usage and timing discussed. Regarding the attendance policies the unfavorable attendance patterns should be communicated, the detection measures like taking of registers communicated and the action to be taken against offenders provided for. Regarding the people development policies; the performance levels of different areas can be communicated in the meeting, performance m
Leadership is a word whose definition cannot be vividly explained. Many books have been written on this topic Businesses, counselors and motivational speakers have also contributed in this debate. However, the need to find a definition doesn’t require one to look for a specific definition that can be accepted by everybody, but rather a definition that tries to explain what leadership should be in totality. The reason for choosing a working definition is to enable the debate of its role and importance on globalization to be understood. According to Kouzes and Posner (3), “Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute making something happen.” Lussier and Achua (4) argued that, “Leadership is really a crock; it is about manipulating people to get them to do something they don’t want to do, and there may be anything in it for them.” Leadership can be considered to be the provision of a vision to the people whom one has authority over and pushing through the understanding of the vision and the achievement of its goals for the benefit of the institution one is leading. Grint (4) on the other hand, looks at leadership from different perspectives. He describes leadership to be a position, a person, a result or a process that gets things done Some of the popular people in the world have been known to be leaders depending on how one views leadership. The enthusiasm a person has while heading a company, country or an organization will obviously give him/her credit based on the success of that institution. If that is the case, then, there are a number of renowned leaders in the world. Bill Gates for instance, is a famous and popular multi billionaire. Credit is given to him as the leader and brain behind the Microsoft Corporation. His contribution to the field of Graphical User Interface computing and desktop is a great idea developed by him. Another remarkable leader in the Information and communication Technology Industry is Steve jobs who despite dropping out of school, managed to lead Apple Computers to success and production of Tech Savvy gadgets. Indeed, it is the zeal with which they steered their ideas that led to their success. Other types of leaders can be drawn from politics, religion and education. Lussier and Achua (7) argue that all managers perform a leadership rolse among their four activities including planning, organizing and controlling. Leadership and skills are very essential in the success of an organization. The kind of a leader an organization has determines the pace at which it will grow if it is growth focused. Some people say that leaders are born while others say leaders are made. Whichever side one may be in, the fact is that an individual has to learn leadership skills in order to lead. For a business to prosper, it would need more strategic leadership rather than leadership itself. This is because business thrives in a market with many environmental variables which affect the output of the business. It should be strategic because the environment constantly change and the business policies and ideas must change with it. Globalization Globalization is the main point discu
Kaitanen (2010) sought to find out justifications for smoking with regard to the social status of the participants. The author analysed this through a qualitative study of fifty-five smokers. Subjects represented various social classes, and were asked to give an account of their behaviour. It was found that working class smokers were less likely to justify their habits than middle class smokers. Conversely, non manual workers had ample explanations for their habits. They differentiated themselves from other people’s smoking habits by affirming that their behaviour was controlled and only done for specific purposes. The author formulated a relationship between smoking prevalence and justifications for smoking amongst various social classes. It is my position that she clearly achieved this aim through the deductions from the interviews. The author inferred her affirmations from the participant’s words and therefore came to the right conclusion; that low income workers had the least justification for smoking and therefore took on a passive approach to their smoking behavior. Manual workers did not contemplate about their smoking and thus continued to do it. This explains why more of them continue to smoke. On the other hand, upper class or middle class workers actively engaged with their habits. They carefully deliberated upon the positive and negative aspects of the habits and then went on to select their preferred behavior. This category of smokers had greater will power when it came to this habit. Layte and Whelan (2008) seem to support the same premise by looking at a number of hypotheses for smoking differentials across social classes. In one of the hypotheses, they argue that differences in education about the risks associated with smoking are reflected by social inequalities. Consequently, if manual workers were more informed about the problems of smoking, then their smoking habits would reduce (Siahpush et al., 2006). This implies that fewer working class smokers actively engage in smoking decisions. Cavelaars et al (2000) also supported these findings. In the analysis, they asserted that smoking rates were higher in non educated groups than the educated ones. Other authors such as Reid et al. (2010), Cummins et al. (1981), Baha and Le Faou (2010), Menvielle et al. (2009), Landman (1973), Dorset and Marsh (1998), ASH (2004) and finally Gruer et. al (2009) also support these findings Krieger et al. (1997) further explain that social class has a great influence on health inequities. It was affirmed that education had a large
The importance of Christian Education nowadays Our life aims to glorify God and live according to His purpose of our life. Jesus Christ’s command is to “make disciples … teaching them to obey” (Mt. 28: 18-20). It should be remembered that spiritual knowledge is also very important for our life which is why the importance of Christian Education should not be underestimated. The main aim of Christian Education is to prepare disciples not only by providing theological and biblical knowledge but teaching them to use this knowledge in their life. To achieve this aim, educational leaders should be acquainted with pedagogical, curricular, and developmental theories. The main aim of the mission-based model of Christian Education is to develop educational leaders to achieve the mission of Christian Education namely discipleship education. The Ministry of Education is responsible for the quality of Christian Education. The officials should take into account the needs of students and they should collaborate with local churches to improve the quality of education. Local churches are also concerned with Christian Education. If people need to approach God they go to the local church. Christianity is strictly connected with the Churches thus the best decision to make the quality of the Christian Education better is to organize a mission-based model of Christian education in a local church (Anthony, 2001). The theological courses prepare government officials, teachers, and pastors to practice Christian Education Particular attention should be given to pastors and educators as far as they are responsible for the quality of education. That is why it is necessary to organize special theological seminars for educators and pastors that help them to provide Christian Education more effectively. One of the main goals of such theological seminars is to prepare students to run congregations in the church and to train pastors, teachers, and ministers. This course prepares to organize, administer and evaluate the educational ministry programs. The theological seminars aim at providing theological and biblical knowledge to Christian Education ministry in the local church. As far as we live in the era of modern technologies our model of Christian education contains not only ordinary classrooms but internet sites and lessons where everyone has access to be taught God’s Word. Ever
Summary As information is one of the most valuable assets, and human relationships are an inseparable part of productivity, negotiations play a considerable role in almost every aspect of human life. It may promote cooperation, introduce division of labor, and significantly improve productivity. Therefore, it is vitally important to develop negotiation-related skills, strategies, behaviors, and tactics. The ultimate goal of negotiations is to maximize benefits for all parties that are involved in the negotiation. Hence, it is crucial not only to satisfy personal interests but also to respect the interests of other parties and contribute to their achievement. Assessments of personal behaviors, strategies, and tactics during negotiations may provide valuable data regarding the strengths and weaknesses of my negotiation style. It may be highly beneficial to analyze such data for further improvements. Building Trust The first dimension of assessment was related to the ability to build trust during negotiations. My score is slightly above the class mean, which indicates that even though the absolute value score is high, it is relatively average. Therefore, there may be considerable improvement opportunities in terms of building trust during negotiations. Concessions play a particularly important role in building trust as they may serve as an indicator of reediness to build fair and transparent relationships, which are beneficial for both sides. Hence, it is also essential to label concessions in order to maximize their efficiency in terms of improving trust. Explaining personal demands and goals is also an important element of building trust. Unfortunately, I frequently fail to state my demand to other parties clearly. Responding to Emotions The second assessment dimension is closely linked to the ability to be responsive to emotions. Despite the fact that it received a maximum score, there may be room for improvement. I believe that introducing an appropriate response to the emotions of others is critical during negotiations. Therefore, I always try to address the feelings of other people, understand them and react accordingly. There are two major tactics that may contribute to the achievement of that goal. First, active listening provides valuable information for emotional assessment. Second, the ability to put oneself in the position of others is also highly beneficial. A combination of these two skills helps me improve my responsiveness in terms of emotions. Nonetheless, further development of these two skills plays a significant role in improving negotiation behaviors and techniques. Being Fair Minded The third element of assessment addresses the ability to stay fair-minded and maintain fairness in general. I received a maximum score, which is slightly higher than the class mean. Even though I am ple
Business Continuity Plan Simply put, a business continuity plan (BCP) entails a set of proactive activities that assists an organization to restore normal business operations under challenging or extreme circumstances (Upper Mohawk, Inc., n.d.). An effective BCP is mainly used to identify a firm’s exposure to internal and external challenges, and to comprehensively synthesize all organizational assets with a view to provide effective prevention and recovery for the enterprise, while sustaining competitiveness and value system integrity. Consequently, the major purpose of BCP is to enable organizations to continue with their operations under adverse or challenging situations such as fire outbreaks, theft, vandalism and other damages to critical infrastructure (Hewitt Packard, n.d). Available literature demonstrates that the foremost step in the creation of BCP is to obtain management commitment not only because the plan forms a critical component of the strategic business plan, but also because it requires appropriate budgetary allocation. The next step/process revolves around the identification of critical business functions and other ancillary business functions that may require protection. After this functions are identified, “…a risk assessment and a business impact analysis should be performed for each of the business functions and then, if appropriate, for the infrastructure supporting them” (Hewitt Packard, n.d., p. 3). The next step involves communicating the information generated to senior management to give them the opportunity to confirm and then categorize the criticality of each business function and, afterwards, contact the people charged with the responsibility of writing the plan that will ensure the critical functions continue or are recovered when disaster strikes (Hewitt Packard, n.d.).These people form t
Planned Parenthood Action Fund Planned Parenthood Action Fund (PPFA) is a national organization in the non-profit field that advocates for policies geared toward developing a federal government that facilitates education and support to parents across the nation. The organization has particularly played a major role in advocating for the provision of quality health care services for citizens, while ensuring that the services are affordable. Additionally, the organization is the leading provider of sex education in the nation, as it aims at ensuring that teenagers are acquainted with knowledge about the consequences of unplanned parenthood. The organization looks into enhancing health outcomes by advocating for teenagers to abstain from sex or to use various protective measures to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. The organization has, therefore, partnered with the educational and health agencies across the nation. The organization has played a big role in compelling health care agencies to take an active role in promoting sex education in the community. Policy of Interest PPFA has numerous policies of interest in its list of advocacy efforts, but the most important policy is the affordable health care services. The organization advocates for the government to continue developing health care facilities that provide high quality health care services to the citizens at the lowest cost possible. The organization has succeeded in the development of 650 health centers across the nation, which provide high-quality services to patients at very low costs. The organization has succeeded in gaining funds from the health agencies in the federal government, which has helped in developing a network of facilities that provide free preventive care and affordable treatment and management services for various illnesses. The organization has also succeeded in compelling various educational institutions to incorporate sex education in their curriculum. The organizational mission at PPFA is to enhance the quality of life for the members of the society through advocacy for planned parenthood and facilitating the health care services required to attain this objective. Based on the fact that there are many cases of unplanned pregnancies among the youth, it is apparent that the organization still has a large ground to cover in its advocacy and awareness campaigns. Utilizing the Sayre Model According to the Sayre Model, the decisions made by the federal government are aligned with the need to respond to the most pressing issues in the nation. The federal government evaluates the stakes associated with a given issues and it makes decisions to solve the issues with the lowest stake because the political influence of such issues is relatively high. This implies that it is possible for the organization to enhance its success in the advocacy process by ensuring that the issues at hand evoke a steamed political environment. This further calls for the entity to involve