ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Technology has become the primary driving force of contemporary society. Its effect is vast, encompassing most spheres of human activity. Technology facilitates the daily lives of the people and makes professional operations more efficient and reliable. Enhanced data storage and processing opportunities, combined with advanced solutions for instant communication, are the key aspects of technological progress. The field of healthcare is not an exception in this regard, as technology benefits clinicians, patients, and stakeholders. Thus, the field of health informatics has seen a major increase in attention. The very concept of it serves as the embodiment of technological progress in healthcare, providing an array of benefits for all parties involved. Clinical professionals experience the advantages of easier access to patient data and other vital information. In turn, the recipients of services benefit from the higher quality and efficiency of care. Finally, investors and stakeholders may profit from the optimization of the clinical process. These factors grant essential status to the sphere of health informatics (HI) in the current environment. As such, I focus on it as my primary professional aspiration. At this stage of technological development, advanced solutions in healthcare are becoming the new standard. In this regard, health informatics specialists have to potential to occupy leading positions within this sphere. I am fascinated by the dual nature of the work area, which represents a unity of technology and humanity. From one perspective, HI objectives comprise the selection of the most fitting solutions that will improve the delivery of care through better data storage, processing, and exchange. These solutions also comply with the principles of safety and confidentiality, considering the sensitive nature of health-related information. This idea serves as the bridge to the second component of health informatics. More specifically, there is a strong presence of the human-centered aspect. HI, specialists are not only to develop and implement advanced solutions. Their objectives equally comprise the necessity of convincing medical professionals, stakeholders, investors, and patients in terms of the benefits of the technology-assisted model. Naturally, the sensitivity of the healthcare setting accounts for a higher level of hesitation from all sides. For HI, this factor implies the necessity of forming a safety-convenience nexus. As far as I am concerned, I aspire to make meaningful changes within the framework of nationwide healthcare. Each element of the system is of paramount importance, but the way in which they interact is pivotal. As an HI specialist, I will be able to build a reliable paradigm of cooperation and data exchange within a healthcare institution that will advance its capability to an unprecedented degree. Clinicians and patients will see a new level of positive interaction that will contribute to better outcomes and improved outcomes. Nevertheless, my career goals are not limited to a sing
Barack Hussein Obama, born August 4, 1961, in Hawaii, was the 44 th president of the United States of America. Soon after graduating from Columbia University and getting a degree from Harvard Law School, he began his political career by becoming a state senator, before moving to a new position in the U.S. Senate. In addition to becoming the first black president of the united states, Barack Obama has numerous prominent achievements that will remain the history of the United States. During his two terms in office, he won the Nobel Peace Prize, Reformed American healthcare, and introduced several acts aimed at improving the economy. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed study of Obama’s positive impact, analyzing the possible underlying causes for the former president’s deeds, and using credible sources for relevant information. Before focusing on Barack Obama’s achievements as a president of the United States, it might be wise to consider his early years. The future leader of the American nation was born to Ann Dunham and Barack Hussein Obama Sr. in Honolulu, Hawaii. As a child, he had to witness the separation of his parents, when his father moved to Kenya, where he died in a car accident in 1982 (History.com Editors). Following the divorce, Obama’s mother married Lolo Soetoro and took the family to Jakarta, where she worked at the U.S. embassy. After the birth of his half-sister Maya Soetoro in 1970, Obama went back to Hawaii, where he lived with his mother’s parents. Despite the complicated history of his family, Obama was fortunate enough to have the chance to attend Punahou private school, where his mixed race made him a minority (History.com Editors). After graduating, Obama continued his education at Occidental College, before transferring to Columbia University after two years. After graduating with a political science degree, Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black person to occupy the position of editor in Harvard Law Review. While young Obama was receiving his education, his mother divorced her second husband, and the family was in a challenging financial situation. Despite this, Obama focused all his efforts on studying and developing intellectually, which allowed him to find a writing job for a large corporation in Manhattan. Sometime later, Obama worked as a community organizer in the Developing Communities Project, helping the impoverished parts of Chicago. He helped low-income citizens with housing and other issues (History.com Editors). Obama’s law degree granted him the job in a law firm, where he met his future wife, Michelle LaVaughn Robinson. Several years after the marriage, Obama was elected to the Illinois State Senate, where he was a Democrat, and played a vital role in passing some important laws and regulations. As a state senator, Barack Hussein Obama already pursued many of the same values that would later be at the core of his strategy as a president. His successful projects in providing healthcare to low-income households, as well as other welfare laws, made the state senator popular with the general public. His service was so
Introduction Background of the Gap in Nursing Education The complex care needs of patients with terminal conditions can be a significant stressor in any clinical setting. The purpose of end-of-life (EOL) care is to manage the impact of the illness through effective symptom management, emotional support, and sensitivity to cultural beliefs and practices (Institute of Medicines (IOM), 2015). Unfortunately, many student nurses are not well prepared for EOL care as they enter practice. The IOM (2015) article on the status of EOL education indicated that palliate medicine is not addressed adequately by discipline-specific curricula. Hence, an educational gap exists that needs to be tackled to improve their preservice knowledge base, emotional balance, communication skills, and attitudes towards EOL care. Key contributors to gaps in hospice/palliative care are the lack of specialized education and fear that make providers feel ill-prepared for EOL practice. At the Methodist hospital where I work,student nurses are hesitant to step up in caring for a dying patient.This problem began due to insufficient effort by educators, clinicians, and researchers to offer learners preservice direction and exposure to EOL care. For the last four months, I have noticed that many of the student nurses at my facility lack clinical and communication skills that are required at the end of patient life.In particular, initiating discussions about the goals of care after the assessment, communicating the different treatment options, and addressing physical, emotional, and spiritual, concerns of individuals are a challenge. According to Jill, a faculty member at Hennepin Technical College (HTC), clinical sites for palliative care are not available. Securing a clinical site where nursing students can learn, observe or participate in care is difficult; privacy is one reason that most patients and families request as they go through the dying process, and having students and nurses increases their anxiety. A second condition contributing to this problem is the lack of time. The curriculum does not address this topic in general compared to other courses like maternal health or adult health; so, students end up graduating without any knowledge or skills. Lack of mentors for student nurses has become a factor, as there are not many EOL proficient nurses that are available to take the role. These trends reinforce the need for professional EOL care training of nursing students to address this educational gap and enhance the quality of hospice care (A. Jill, personal communication, July 08, 2019). The Problem Statement in Nursing Education The complexity of EOL care can take a heavy toll on unprepared nurses who are expected to be effective advocates of quality EOL service through direct inpatient care or referral. However, inadequate educational preparation, professional mentorship, and exposure to hospice practicum experiences have contributed to gaps in EOL care(Jackson & Motley, 2014). This issue is broad in scope, affecting the nurses’ decision-making and creat
Introduction This paper is a literature review that critiques two articles which are based on the concept of public administration and the core values that are found in public administration. The paper explains the layout of the articles and the basic points which have been noted in the review. Maesschalck, J. The impact of new public management Reforms on public servants’ ethics, Towards a theory There has been increasing concern on the impact that is laid by the “new public management reforms”. There has been a lot of literature on this theory which at a time has acted to confuse most readers. Maesschalck (2004), in his article, proposes a theory that best explains the reasoning behind this statement. In his article, he articulates that with the translation of the effective literature into some conceptual framework, then it is possible to come up with a proposition set that is integrated thus forming a theory. This theory happens to be so because of the complementary nature of the positions which are taken by different authors on the same topic. This article starts with an introduction to the concept and the effects of the vice. In this phase, the paper looks at the ethical defects that are evident in many organizations ranging from corruption among others. The ethical issues that result from the reforms in public administration and management crop up. The main issue that Maesschalck (2004) aims at is the relationship that exists between the reforms on new public management and the ethics that are displayed by the public servants. According to the author, he has tried to inform the reader on the possibility to convert the arguments as put across by various people to a framework that can be theorized. In his research, the previously perceived rivals in ethical positions turned out to be complementary thus supporting his work. Despite the seeming bias in the perception that is put across, there is a concentration on ethical benefits in terms of decision making. The interrelation of the reforms with the ethical patterns has also been looked at by the author. At the beginning of the paper, there is a proposition that most administrators are confused by the claims in the literature. In the course of the paper, there was an offer to introduce some answers to the dilemma. To begin with, it would look into w
Comparing Labor Laws in China, India, and the USA The business environment varies from country to country, with some having excellent conditions while others are rather abysmal. One of the most critical factors to consider when deciding whether to establish operations in a country is its labor situation. Some countries, such as the United States, have strict rules and regulations to protect employees’ welfare. Some countries have less stringent laws, which has made them preferable destinations for businesses looking to push their workers’ limits. This paper will look at a software company, XYZ, operating in India for a while and is looking to establish operations in China. Labor Laws In China Foreign firms experience a disadvantage against local firms who usually hire local employees without contracts (“Employment & Labour Laws| China,” n.d.). Workers employed without contracts are put at a disadvantage for lacking basic protections such as severance for termination. There are also ongoing reports of labor camps in the Xinjiang province against the Uyghurs (“Employment & Labour Laws| China,” n.d.). The US Department of Commerce has banned 28 Chinese companies from violating human rights (“Employment & Labour Laws| China,” n.d.). These circumstances underscore the moral dilemma that comes with doing business in China. One would expect China to have unique labor laws given its socialist philosophy. The only legally recognized union in China is the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) (“Employment & Labour Laws| China,” n.d.). Chinese law prohibits the establishment of independent trade unions (“China,” 2020). Even though the law allows some collective bargaining, this only applies to collective wage negotiation in practice. The ACTFU is an organ of the CCP and controls all trade union activities in China, including enterprise-level trade unions. Employers are mandated to pay the enterprise unions under the ACTFU a fee of 0.5% -2% of total
Type 2 diabetes is one of the most dangerous diseases in the modern world. In 2016, “the International Diabetes Federation reported around 425 million people living with diabetes worldwide” (1, p. 442). According to Berbudi, Rahmadika, Tjahjadi, and Ruslami (1), type 2 diabetes is responsible for approximately 90% of all the cases above. This information means that many people suffer from this health condition. That is why this assignment will comment on type 2 diabetes’ effect on morbidities, life expectancy, health care cost, and how it is necessary to address this disease. Firstly, it is necessary to discuss type 2 diabetes morbidities and mortality. According to Yakaryilmaz and Öztürk (2), this disease results in many morbidities, including sarcopenia, cognitive impairment, urinary incontinence, numerous kinds of physical disability, and others. Mortality rates are also high because approximately five million people died because of diabetes in 2017, meaning that individuals with this health condition experience a shorter life expectancy (1). Secondly, the disease under consideration is a severe economic burden for every country. Some researchers (2) admit that the United States spends approximately $245 million on diabetes patients every year. Simultaneously, other scientists (1) show that worldwide spending accounted for $850 million in 2017. This information denotes that this issue should be addressed from a public health point of view. There exist multiple strategies of how to meet the public health demand regarding type 2 diabetes. On the one hand, Yakaryilmaz and Öztürk (2) argue that medical nutrition therapy is a suitable strategy to prevent individuals from consuming ingredients that are dangerous for them. On the other hand, researchers (2) stipulate that patients with type 2 diabetes should be involved in regular physical activity according to their abilities. These two options are effective in improving public health response to type 2 diabetes, meaning that they help minimise the impact of the disease on society. In conclusion, statistical evidence demonstrates that type 2 diabetes is a significant health issue in the modern world. Millions of people suffer from this condition, which exposes them to multiple morbidities and decreased
Personal Reflection The study of design and its evolution through the ages is very intriguing. The study of various trends and how they compare to each other has certainly made this semester exciting and intriguing. “Classification relies on time and space” is a statement that has echoed out throughout the whole semester and has made the understanding of past and present design trends easier and more relatable. At this time of the semester, the study of 17 th century rococo design is by far the most interesting thing I have learnt. The rococo technique is the embodiment of beauty and finesse in design and has made this course particularly exciting to me. One of the most intriguing aspects in the rococo technique had to be the use of elegant and florid designs that transformed architectural designs into works of art. Designers during this age rebelled against conventional design trends giving up symmetry in favor of smooth curves, complex shapes and incorporation of natural elements in the design. These designs were elegant and classy; they were true works of art. A classic example of rococo designs is the Louis XV chairs and the installments within the Antechambre de l’Oeuil Boeuf in Versailles, France designed by Pierre Le Pautre and completed in 1707. These chairs were designed for both functionality and beauty describing the nature of rococo designs. Technological advancements, need for sustainability and efficiency has led to decline in creativity amongst modern designers. Computer graphics have largely replaced the pen and paper system used in the past. Elegance and class have all been abandoned for the sake of efficiency and cost management. It was refreshing to learn of an age when designers strived t
It is no doubt that the world’s climate has been changing in past and will continue to do so in the future. Climate has been thought of as the average weather condition over a long period of time. Weather is the present atmospheric condition which includes temperature, precipitation, wind as well as humidity of a given geographical location. In the past, determining changes in climate was achieved by paleoclimatoligists through various ways such as analyzing tree rings, using clues from beneath the waters, studying underwater ‘cities’ as well as unlocking secrets in the ancient ice. The former will be of interest in this paper. An adverse climatic change brings issues such as drought resulting to dire consequences. For instance in 1587 July 22, colonists from England who came to Roanoke the present Carolina disappeared. (D’alto 25). Efforts to try to establish their where about were futile. It was till 1998 that some dendrologists studying tree rings came up with a possible explanation. According to D’alto 24 tree rings not only offer scientists with the opportunity to establish the age of a tree but also give insights on secrets of past climatic trends. Trees such as redwood, giant sequoias and some species of pine in Carolina have been used. Rings are added annually and the age can be determined by counting the number of rings. It has been found that trees can live to hundred or some thousands years. The base line in determining climatic changes by using tree rings is by correlating the outer rings spacing of a tree and the National Weather Service records. A mathematical model is then created to help in calibration. Analyzing this data yields Palmer Hydrological Drought Indices. An analysis of tree rings reveals a lot regarding climatic conditions. Thick rings depict that the climatic condition were favorable characterized with abundant rainfall, optimum temperature and generally good condition that fostered healthy growth. On the other hand, when the rings are thin; this clearly shows that the conditions for tree growth were poor; characterized with lack of rainfall. According to Stahle and his collaborators, the rings of cypress are easily visible with naked eyes. However, the rings of some cypress back in 1587 were not present in some, while slimed down to some thousandth of a millimeter in others (D’alto 24). This thus seemed to be what sealed the fate of the colonialist arriving from England at the time. To accomplish the analysis, small portion of dead trees are sliced to provide samples for the study. For living tree, an increment borer is used to drill a thin hole into the trunk of the tree. After this a core sample a size of a straw is obtained with the help of a special spoon. It is worth noting that such drilling does not affect the growth of the tree in anyway. Once in the laboratory the exposed ba
In “Burying,” a chapter in Drew Gilpin Faust’s thought-provoking book, “This Republic of Suffering: Death and The American Civil War,” the author argues that burying the dead during the American Civil War created a peculiar challenge for soldiers. Faust claims that the war had so many casualties that coming up with a strategy on how to dispose of them “defied both administrative imagination and logistical capacity” (233). Another confounding problem to this issue was the assumption that the dead needed to be treated appropriately, which was a common belief among nineteenth-century Americans. According to Faust, the dilemma of how to bury the dead during the war was deepened due to religious beliefs at the time about the possibility of reincarnation as promised in eternal life. Even soldiers were worried about how their remains would be disposed of, especially as the reality of war set in and the customary reverence of the deceased started to fade away. The author gives examples of soldiers writing from the battlefield expressing their fears of being neglected upon their death. For instance, Confederate Thomas J. Key wrote, “It is dreadful to contemplate being killed on the field of battle without a kind hand to hide one’s remains from the eye of the world or the gnawing of animals and buzzards” (235). Faust highlights these concerns to show how soldiers, in their efforts to preserve the humanity of the dead as demanded by their beliefs, struggled to reconcile the reality on the ground. Clearly, burying the dead was increasingly becoming a nightmare as the war intensified. In July 1861, General Order no. 75 was issued commanding officers to decently inter soldiers who died within their jurisdiction and submitted such records to the office of the adjutant general. Six months later, General Orders no. 33 was issued to ensure that all fallen soldiers were interred properly, but the language of the orders – “as far as possible…when practicable” painted a grim picture of the situation on the ground. While the orders demanded the decent burial of dead soldiers, they did not specify how such a herculean task would be accomplished in the midst of war, whereby even accessing the dead would be problematic at times. The enemy would not stop fighting to allow Confederate soldiers to enter their dead, and as for Faust mentions, in such a cruel war, the generals were forced to focus on the living. The capacity to attend to the injured was limited, let alone the dead. As such, the author argues that burying the dead at the time became an act of improvising whereby prisoners of war and civilians would be enlisted to accomplish the task. The author gives detailed accounts of how the battlefields were littered with half-buried dead bodies, forcing nearby residents to carry bottles of peppermint oil or pennyroyal to counter the stench that rented the air. The challenges of disposing of the dead forced the involved armies to invent techniques for the management of the process. Dead soldiers would be tied on the legs and torso and be dragged to a single location for burial. Mass graves were common in cases where the military men had the opport