ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The aforementioned question is like a loaded gun these days. It is a question that causes intensively heated debates among parents and medical health care professionals. The proponents of each side make convincingly good arguments in defense of their beliefs and each person is driven by a strong sense of love for their child in support of their belief. In order to understand the situation and make a proper decision either in support of or in opposition to vaccinations, one has to be armed with enough information with which to analyze the facts and eventually reach a decision that he or she will be comfortable with as the parent of a defenseless and helpless child. I think that I should start off this paper by first clearly defining what Autism is. The reason I wish to do this is so that as a reader, you will have enough of an understanding of the meaning and causes of autism which will in turn, help me portray any relations and reactions, if any, pertaining to the mingling of vaccines and the potential causes of autism. Autism is defined by the Autism Society of America as ” a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first 3 years of life and is the result of a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain, impacting in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. Both Children and adults with Autism typically show difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions, and leisure or play activities.” they further explain that the illness is something that medical studies indicate as rooted within genetic vulnerability, metabolic imbalances, and quite possibly, viral infections. Viral Infections, that is the keyword that seemingly connects vaccinations as a major cause of autism. Typically, a child is vaccinated against well known childhood illnesses such as mumps, measles, and rubella. A vaccine is a weakened or dormant form of the illness which is introduced into the healthy system of a child in the hopes that his body will eventually recognize the virus and force itself to develop antibodies with which to successfully fend off the virus should the child become exposed to an active form of the same. Vaccines have been given to a majority of children for decades without any adverse effects on the child. The MMR vaccines provided children with healthy, illness free lives until October 3, 1999 when CNN aired a news report about a possible adverse effect of vaccinations upon a child. According to the October 3, 1999 investigative report of CNN, the parents of then 3 year old Liam Reynolds believed that the MMR vaccine caused their child to become autistic. The report indicated that, “The parents of three-year-old Liam Reynolds stated that he had developed autism two weeks after receiving measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine” This claim was supported by Louisiana physician Stephanie Cave, M.D. who specializes in treating autisti
Abstract This paper is about the analysis of the Apple Computer Company. The company overview has been given and the SWOT analysis of the company has been carried out. In addition, focus has been put on the application of behavioral sciences and theories in regard to Apple Computer. Company Overview The main activities that Apple Computer carries out include designing, manufacturing as well as marketing of the personal computers and also the related software. It also provides related services, peripherals as well as the networking solutions. In addition, apple computer engages in the designing, developing and marketing “a line of portable digital players along with related accessories and services including the online distribution of third-party music, audio books, music videos, short films and television shows” (Datamonitor, 2006, p.5). The selling of the company’s products is carried out globally and the company does this through the company’s retail stores, “direct sales force”, online stores, as well as, as pointed out, “third-party wholesalers and resellers and carries out the management of its businesses basically on a geographic basis” (Datamonitor, 2006, p.5).. The company’s operations are carried out via 5 operating segments. These segments include; “Europe, Japan, Americas, retail and others” (Datamonitor, 2006, p.5). The reportable segments which include Japan, Europe and the Americas do not encompass those activities that are linked to the retail segment. Considering the Americas segment, this consists of South as well as North America. More so, the European segment consists of countries in Europe and also those countries in Africa and the Middle East. “Each reportable geographic operating segment provides similar hardware and software products and similar services” (Datamonitor, 2006, p.5). Looking at the retail segment, this one carries out operations of the retail stores that are under the ownership of the company in the United Kingdom, the United Sates, Japan and Canada. The company’s retail stores that are located in the United States are more than 233in number and there are more than 84 international stores. It has also been found out that “the ‘others’ operating segment focuses on Asian-Pacific, which includes Australia and Asia except Japan; and the company’s subsidiary, FileMaker” (Datamonitor, 2006, p.5).FileMaker carries out the development, publishing and distribution of “desktop-based database management application software for Mac Os and Windows-based systems” (Datamonitor, 2006, p.5). The company’s headquarters are located in California (in Cupertino). The total number of employees is over fourteen thousand. The company’s revenue that was recorded in the year 2005 (end September) was 13,931 million U.S dollars and this was a 68.3 percent increase as compared to the previous year (2004). The increase was attributed to the raise of the iPod sales that went up by 409 percent. The comp
Abstract In this report, we present our findings on a group project in Team building with real-world simulation of soft skills necessary to build a high performance winning team. As a core subject of organisational management, any team building effort consists of several success attributes: guidance, collaboration, focussing on the process, network-building, openness, diversity, risk-taking, involvement of people, etc. This paper presents a clear, analytical framework within which we seek to consolidate essential concepts of team work as applied to real-world problems. The problem discussed in this paper is in the format of a case study and encompasses allied themes of risk management and economic analysis. The outcome of this project should be seen as an educational/motivational tool. Introduction Aims and objectives Any team requires its members to display collaborative behaviour towards achieving common goals and vision. This report presents a detailed analysis of a simulated team building exercise with the following aims/objectives in mind:  1. Understanding the common problems which creep up when a team comes together.  2. Finding solutions to such problems using secondary literature.  3. Learning about team building values which aid in the transition from a pseudo-team to a high-performance team.  4. Application of above theories in a real project case study. Background and Rationale As undergraduate students at the University of _____, there were numerous occasions when we had to belong to some team or the other. Teamwork has always been an inseparable feature of classroom discussions, laboratory learning and practical training. Unfortunately, it’s not always possible to have a positive feeling about the way team discussions turn out. Many a times, serious personality differences between diverse members of a team leads to frustrations and hostility which for any team member, culminates in a general dislike for any situation involving team activities. In such occasions, team members do not even see eye to eye which hampers the progress of constructive work, leads to declining productivity and has long-term consequences on student morale. Unpleasant experiences notwithstanding, all members of our group are knowledgeable about the real-world business scenario which would test our learning skills acquired from academia and look disfavourably upon any inability to successfully engage in team activities. All recruiting organisations today place a high emphasis on the applicant’s ability to see their role in a team. The very first question posed by an interviewer is, “what do you understand by teamwork?” The rationale behind wor
Introduction: Resource-Based Strategy Creating a sustainable strategy depends on identifying those strengths and resources of the firm that can be leveraged for real, economic value. Identifying strengths and rendering weaknesses irrelevant is the basis of competitive advantage. David Ricardo is credited with an early 19 th -century discourse on the differential advantage of economic resources based on the fact they are fixed and limited. This construct obviously applies to crude oil reserves, a production line, a wide inventory of goods in a superstore, and financial assets. There are exceptions, such as hydrogen as infinitely-renewable car fuel, but these are rare. Unlike the more complete framework posed by Porter, the resource-based theory is almost exclusively inward-looking. Finding the distinctive resource traits of the firm makes for a better understanding of strategic options and performance than analysis of environmental factors (Peteraf, 1993; Pralahad & Hamel, 1990; Wernerfelt, 1984). Since it is inward-looking, resource-based strategic management looks to above-average returns (rather than, say, market share or national dominance) for non-replicable assets and capabilities (Grant, 2008). In contemporary times, the theory holds that the inventory and deployment of a firm’s tangible and intangible assets ensure whether that organization has a sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) or not (Barney and Arikan, 2001). Resource-based strategic
Ovid, Virgil, etc were ancient poets of the Roman Empire who contributed significantly to roman literature. They are still remembered today as a result of their splendid works. Their works were based on culture, customs, complex human relations, as well as the political systems prevailing during their period. Many of their works not only depicted their attitudes but also were educative. Works by Ovid and Virgil are characterized by the immortality of their splendor. Their attitude towards poetry was different from many contemporary poets in many respects. Ovid the well-renowned roman writer was born outside Rome to a wealthy family; he had his schooling in Rome. During his school days, he often skipped classes for the sake of poetry. After his education, he traveled to Greece, Sicily, and Asia Minor. After returning he helped his father’s wishes by joining the civil service. But he was not fully satisfied. He abandoned the job very shortly and began to spend his time on poetry. His first work was ‘Amores’, which was a success. Other major works were ‘Heroides’, ‘Medicamina Faciei’, ‘Ars Amatoria’, ‘Remedia Amoris’, etc. One of the favorite books written by Ovid is The Ars Amatoria or ‘art of love’. It is a poem written in three books by Ovid. This work claims to provide education in three areas of general absorption, namely how and where to find girls and husbands in Rome, how to seduce them, and how to prevent others from taking away the girls. The epic poem was written by Ovid, “Metamorphoses”, is a combination of myth and history of Rome. It tells the story of the Roman Empire from the earliest days to the time of Tiberius. It is considered one of the most important works of Roman literature. This work was completed by the poet when he was in exile in Romania (Watson 1982). The works of the great ancient Roman poet Ovid tell us about politics, society, and culture, and of course human relations. Ovid was deeply engrossed towards the carefree generation of his
Best Practices for Recruitment and Retention The article discusses best practices for the recruitment and retention of employees in the health care sector. The author argues that recession and its adverse effects have barred people from retiring. Instead, they have sought employment in hospitals to counter the effects of the recession. The nursing sector is one of the health care sectors that have been greatly affected. It has reduced job opportunities available to graduates. By 2025, experts estimate that the healthcare sector will have a severe shortage of nurses, pharmacists, and physicians. The projected shortage is attributed to the baby boomer generation. Individuals belonging to the baby boomer generation are retiring thus increasing their health care needs. In the future, many clinicians will retire and few experienced practitioners will be available to fill their positions. Executives of hospitals must consider recruiting graduates to fill those positions. Besides, it is important to make changes in the delivery of health care services. This will necessitate an extensive evaluation of the needs of communities that will enable health caregivers to provide quality health care services. One of the most important aspects of organizational consideration is recruitment and retention. Several things need to be done to improve recruitment and retention practices. Organizations should remodel their workforce process and incorporate technology in their operations. This will increase job satisfaction and improve the efficiency of employees. Hospitals should focus on employee retention as well as the employment of new graduates who possess great skills and knowledge. Recruitment should involve the employment of skilled people. Organizations should seek feedback from new employees, which will be used to identify performance gaps to improve employee performance and satisfaction. Another important change that should be implemented by organizations is the implementation of employee reward programs. It is important to reward employees to motivate them. Motivated employees commit to their jobs and work hard towards the achievement of organizational goals and objectives. Managers should provide relevant training courses that enhance employees’ skills and knowledge. Moreover, managers should eliminate employees who perform poorly because such employees create an ineffective work environment and poor organizational culture. This will reiterate the organization’s commitment to quality service, accountability, and responsibility. Lastly, organizations should provide competitive employee packages to attract and retain highly qualified employees. Sacred Heart hospital uses midlevel providers to deliver quality health care services. In the future, this strategy will enable the hospital to manage the projected shortage of health care professionals. Also, it will facilitate the adoption of ef
Family today is the focus of many subjects studied by various social sciences. Family is complicated and multidimensional. This creates dozens of different approaches and ways to view and study it. As a result, there are constant debates and discussions of the most appropriate perspectives on the subject of family. Since it is normally a group of people, family is studied from the perspective of social interactions between its members. At the same time, family cannot be and should not be isolated from the outer world, as it takes part in various social relations and gets under the influence of many processes of local and global character. Besides, families today have wide diversity, they may belong to various social classes, ethnic and racial groups, cultures and religions, besides, family members and their relationships are influenced by such social factors as age, health status, sexual orientation and gender. The articles by Daly, McDowell and Fang explore various approaches towards studying family. The first article reviewed for this paper is called “Family Theory Versus the Theories Families Live By”, it is written by Kerry Daly. The author of the article is interested in exploring family and its inner and outer relationships through the positive forms and negative spaces. Gender relationships, parenthood, divorce and domestic violence are positive forms of the study of family. There forms are easy to recognize, they are known for more or less basic number of factors, so these issues can be projected or predicted. Negative spaces explored in the article are the sides and issues of the family that are not easy to perceive, the areas Daly is the most interested in are the factors of intuition, folklore and myth, activities of consumption and the time and space aspect of families (Daly, 772). The author of the article notes that theoretic studies of family and practice of family life are very different. Many scholars do not realize it because of family connections and communication in their personal lives. It is also mentioned that in order to deal with family matters, a person must not rely on theoretic expert knowledge, but on personal experiences. Negative spaces in family studies occur because of lack of connecting brides between theory and practice. According to Daly, the focus and research of negative spaces in family sciences in crucial because it will allow the experts to change and improve the theory of family. Daly suggests studying family through the perspective of culture, because it is a flexible and rapidly changing field, besides it contains such negative spaces as religion and belief. This negative space also includes the
Despite being among the largest retail corporations in the United States, Target does not demonstrate outstanding performance in terms of its grocery business. The subjective assessment of Target’s grocery stores’ value for the customer can be conducted using the following simplified equation: V=B-S. V represents value, whereas B and S stand for perceived benefits and perceived sacrifice, respectively. Regarding the perceived benefits, Target’s groceries can appeal to long-standing clients who have time to cook from scratch and busier customers by offering both frozen and fresh alimentary products (Robinson, 2019). However, as a new study by Marketforce Information (2017) indicates, only 56% of customers positively evaluate Target’s grocery stores in terms of store cleanliness, but the chain is not among the best retailers when it comes to product availability. Next, as for the sacrifice, shopping for groceries can be time-consuming for Target’s customers – less than 50% of consumers report the ease of finding the necessary items (Marketforce Information, 2017). Next, regarding financial sacrifice, 49% of customers suppose that Target’s grocery sections offer a good value for money, which is twice as small as the result of the best chain store in the rating (Marketforce Information, 2017). Based on the information above, Target’s value for customers is mainly based on the presence of different categories of alimentary products. However, from the customer-perceived value for money, it does not seem that clients are satisfied with product quality and the corporation’s pricing decisions. Unattractive prices and stock-outs have already been cited as the main reason for Target’s failure in Canada (Robinson, 2019). The factors contributing to Target’s poor performance in the grocery business are the relatively low returns on sales, the inability to compete with larger grocery stores, and the essential difficulties of selling perishable goods (Robinson, 2019). As for the factors that make Target different from competitors, such as Walmart, they include smaller shop sizes and cheaper groceries (Marketforce Information, 2017; Robinson, 2019).
Open innovation (OI) is a newly emerging paradigm, where a company is no longer relies on a solo approach, which is based on the secrecy of research and development. In other words, the valuable information is not contained within the isolated environment generated by a company, but rather the cumulative efforts of the external R&D are utilized. Therefore, one should be aware that managers cannot merely rely on their managerial or technical competencies only, which means that they need to have hybrid ones. To navigate the OI landscape to maximize value capture, managers should avoid the major pitfalls of such an approach. Although OI assumes that the key information is shared, there are some elements, which still require a certain level of secrecy. These are the ones, which provide a competitive advantage to a company, and thus, a manager with no technical expertise might not be able to sort the specified elements. In addition, they need to possess hybrid competencies because it is critical to identify the value-generating pieces of information. The main reason is that OI generates more data than a closed version, and therefore, managers should be efficient by being able to quickly adopt the most plausible results. Managers can achieve it by consulting technical experts on the target information, which they should look out for during the collective efforts. They can constantly monitor the arena for breakthroughs or improvements and be willing to integrate them as soon as possible. Service-dominant innovation is a central aspect of modern economics, where frameworks such as service-dominant logic lead to the generation of more value. The given concept essentially argues that services lie at the core of all exchanges, where all businesses and other entities are service providers. In other words, the main goal is to understand that all interactions are manifested in the idea of service-for-service exchange, where reciprocal interdependence or value co-creation takes place. Such dynamics provide an invaluable approach within the marketing process, where innovation is enhanced and made more viable. Therefore, goods and money should be viewed as distribution channels and mediums of exchange, respectively. Although a manufacturer of a certain product might not consider itself a service provider, it needs to understand that its product is a mere element of the service. Thus, goods should also be regarded as services, which means service improvement notions should be applied alongside the traditional innovative processes. Business models provide a vital