ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The team manager wanted to determine the future of NBA in Falk on the July 11 evening convention at the Chevy Chase Pavilion. With a negotiation target of $100 million, this evening, National Basketball Association desperately needed a win in Washington. As Howard commenced his negotiation for the deal, he invoked the incumbency as the first intangible benefit of taking the contract from NBA executives. In the meantime, Bullets General Manager maintained a seven-year contract offered at $78.4 million. This transpired through the 7 pm negotiation. However, in the view of Howard, the offer would possibly yield $136,000 per match in the tournament season (Lewicki, Saunders & Barry, 2006, p. 412). While Howard remain nostalgic about rejecting Wes Unseld’s offer, his primary concern centered on leaving Bullets for another team because he wanted to achieve his target. Coincidentally, Howard already had a seven-year guaranteed contract of $100.8 million. This thought influenced his views through the negotiation especially when he considered a $78.4 million offered to him earlier by the Bullets Boss as below the market value of the team. By dawn, it drew clear that Howard who was a star in Bullets would quit for a better deal after all. Little did Juwan Howard Considered the level of commitment of the new team after signing the agreement. Since Howard Signed the deal at the eve of the season’s tournament, the following Friday he had already began to suffer the consequences of rash decision, taking on money and luxury instead of choosing the tangible benefits offered in Bullets previously (Patton, Ury & Fisher, 1981, p.13). As Howard is close associates explain, he became subject of manipulation often tossed in the between the judicial systems due to his financial deal fiasco. Without his foreknowledge, Howard found the assistance of key NBA enthusiasts who jealously sought him in vain. Probably, they thought, given a second chance they would succeed in hiring him. Up to this point, Howard had made for himself a name; as NBA changed its name to Wizards in a 20, 600-seater court, He would ultimately settle for NBA with a higher pay. In addition, He would already have made stressful money from the abandoned Miami Heat’s flawed transfer. As tangible benefit to his well thought negotiations, Howard could now count on his newly bought $230, 000 Ferrari, a mansionette with swimming pool. In the full glare of his view of the manager’s decisions, Howards considered only important challenges in his life for consideration for the matches (Lewicki, Saunders & Barry, 2006, p. 467). Besides the costs on his head by managers held central position in his negotiations. Having gone through college, Howard negotiated for a $34 million deal with the bullets after rejecting offers valued at $24 with the same club. Through his criteria of the market value, Howard managed to improve his negotiation s for higher wages (Patton, Ury & Fisher, 1981, p.36). Given Howards knowledge in all the negotiation processes, His maneuvers through negotiations with some of the people involved as his
Introduction Iran is among the largest oil-producing nations in the world. The oil industry has therefore been the country’s main economic driver. However, Iran’s nuclear program has caused jitters in America and other western nations because Washington believes that Iran develops its nuclear program for military purposes (Ebel 2). Therefore, there is a common belief among some western nations that Iran’s nuclear program threatens global peace and stability. However, Iran has maintained that its nuclear program is mainly for civilian purposes. For example, Iran has maintained that its nuclear program aims to boost its energy supply (Global Policy Forum 3). In 2003, Iranian officials invited the United Nations (UN) nuclear monitoring agency to evaluate its nuclear program (Global Policy Forum 3). Tehran (Iran’s capital) also invited the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to confirm that the country was using its nuclear plants for peaceful purposes. The IAEA later gave Iran a clean “bill of health” after the oil-producing nation signed a peace agreement with some western nations to stop its uranium enrichment programs. However, this move was unflattering to the US. Consequently, America later referred the issue to the US Security Council (Global Policy Forum 3). Through the influence of the US, the UN Security Council imposed restrictions on the trade of nuclear materials that Iran could use to enrich its nuclear program. The UN Security Council imposed the sanctions after it was satisfied that Iran did not stop its uranium enriching projects. Concerns regarding Iran’s uranium enrichment program escalated in 2009 when the US and some of its allies revealed that Iran was constructing a nuclear power plant in Qom Mountains (Global Policy Forum 5). The continued enrichment of Iran’s nuclear program and the refusal by Tehran to abide by international resolutions to stop its nuclear program later forced many nations to support further sanctions against Iran. From the above developments, America and the European Union (EU) have prevented many international companies from doing business with Iran. The underlying messages of these sanctions outline a choice that multinational companies have to make regarding if to do business with Iran or with the US and its allies. These economic restrictions have mainly affected international oil companies that do business with Iran (Ebel 2). Some of the main oil companies that had a regional presence in Iran included Shell, Statoil, ENI, and Total. This paper takes a keen interest in understanding the reactions of Total Oil Company to the economic restrictions on Iran. Contextual Understanding of Total Oil Company’s Business with Iran The Total Oil Company has had a longstanding business relationship with Iran, since 1990. The business rela
Definition Psychological – Psychology is a branch of science which deals with the study of neural mechanisms that can be enhanced by behavioral perception. The manipulation is usually induced in the brain of other animals that are not human through various experiments. The difference between this branch of science from biological psychology is that it is based on theories that are developed over a certain period to explain the relationship that exists between different organisms. A similar term that can be used for Psychological – Psychology is ‘Psycho- Physiology’ or ‘cognitive neuroscience.’ Scientists are looking for psychological means of changing the behavior of nonhuman living organisms by modifying or changing the part of their brains that is responsible for controlling human behavior. Psychological- Psychology is a course that is being offered in major universities that have advanced psychological training and research departments. Psychological -Psychology dates back to 1875 when Rand made some improvements in this particular field. Some classifications were made based on the psychological experiments that were carried out. ‘E’ was used to denote an experiment, ‘P’ was used to signify a psychological factor and finally ‘EP’ was used to signify a psychological experiment (Carlson, 2005). These are the experiments that led to the subsequent improvements that were made in the above-mentioned field. Psychology has experienced various developments that were meant to modify the thinking and reasoning capacity of humans and other living animals. The classifications that have been made to psychology are to signify the different stages and categories that may be used in such studies. William James is another psychologist that made various improvements in the area of psychology. His contribution was done when he published a book titled ‘principles of psychology’ that explained the various terms that are used in the subject. This is the book that has formed the basis of the foundation where the other psychologists have used to base their studies. He clarified the importance of making more inventions by exploring the psychological make-up of different organisms to modify their behavior. His book is still being used as
Ecological Model The model focuses on the sections of social and physical surroundings of human beings and their effects on food and nutrition. It explores the reason for the scarcity of food in developing countries and food excessiveness in industrialized countries (Himmelgreen and Crooks 170). Adaptation Model This model involves social and physical environments, which limit the availability and accessibility of nutrients. Nutrition causes responses to biological, cultural, and behavioral needs of human beings (Himmelgreen and Crooks 174). Political Economy of Health Model The model shows the relationship between class and health. The model studies food availability, access, and consumption in relation to social and structural factors (Himmelgreen and Crooks 178). The contrast between the Three Models The ecological model studies the effects of the environment in which individuals and populations live on food and nutrition. The adaptation model is based on how the environment limits or affects the access and availability of food and nutrients, while the Political Economy of Health Model studies the relationship between people who belong to the working class and the effect of the social and physical environment on them. Comparisons between the Three Models All three models are based on the impact of the environment, both social and physical, on individuals and populations in relation to their health, food, and nutrition. They also contribute to the understanding of the nutritional status of people in various cultural contexts. The three models give an analysis of food and nutrition in relation to people’s environment: social and physical. Thus, they indicate the impacts of the environment on food, nutrition, and people’s health in various cultural settings. The ecological model helps understand the disparity in the distribution of food between industrialized and non-industrialized countries. It also helps understand the biological functions of nutrition. For example, the nutritional needs of people suffering from obesity (Himmelgreen and Crooks 170). On the other hand, the adaptation model helps understand the plasticity of the human body.
Introduction Public administration is concerned with the implementation of government policies and management of the behavior of non-elected officials before they are inaugurated to work in the public service. People who are willing to join the public administration personnel should be competent and well informed. They are required to maintain a high degree of devotion and adherence to the rule of law by setting a good example to the citizens since they bear the responsibility of implementing government policies. The development of effective pubic administration personnel is paramount to the success of organizations that operate in the public sector. This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of four key components that include employee rights and responsibilities, democracy and bureaucracy, constitutional competence, and ethical competence, which are essential for public administrators. Employee Rights and Responsibilities Effective public administration personnel should have diverse knowledge concerning the rights of the labor force. At the outset, employees have a right to a workplace environment that is free from any form of discrimination, harassment, and/or abuse. According to Farazmand (2007), employees should not be discriminated based on personal characteristics such as color, religion, age, sexual orientation, gender, and/or disability, among others. Employees are also entitled to equal employment and promotion opportunities in organizations. This right entitles all employees to enjoy various benefits in the organization equitably. Hiring and placement practices should provide equal grounds for employment to qualified candidates regardless of their race, beliefs, age, and gender, among other factors ( Farazmand, 2007). Furthermore, employees have the right to fair and correct payments. In that manner, they ought to know the terms and conditions concerning salary, allowances, pension recompenses, bonuses, payments for extra work, and performance rewards, among others. Moreover, they should be allowed to discuss their pays with colleagues to identify any differences (Farazmand, 2007). Public administration workers also have a right to correct types of annual, personal, and public holidays among others. They are entitled to pay off on public or annual holidays. Besides, the employees in the public service have a right to dress and act in ways that adhere to their respective religions. Most importantly, they have a right to work in a safe and healthy environment. This circumstance entitles them to the fair benefits, free safety equipment, proper control of health risks, stopping and leaving work for safety if reasonable risk concerns arise, and rest breaks during working days. Employees should also be free to tell their employers about various health and safety concerns (Klinger, Nalbandian, & Llorens, 2010). The United Nations Global Combat (UNGC) stipulates ten principles for human rights protection in businesses. The principles are based on labor standards, environment, human rights, and anti-corruption. The central role o
Introduction The Ford Motor Company was founded in 1903 by Henry Ford and it has grown into a multinational company with operations in different nations. One of its most significant markets outside America is the Chinese population. In America, the Ford Motor Company’s Headquarters is in Dearborn. This essay seeks to discuss the external influences that impacts Ford’s operation in the global market in relations to Competition, Cultural, Legal/political, Economic, and Geographical factors. External factors affecting a company’s operation in the global market There are several factors that influence the operations of a business both locally and internationally. Such factors include cultural differences, competition, legal and political issues, economic environments, as well as geographical factors. All these factors emanate from outside the business which means the company has no control over them. The Ford Motor Company has been successful in the business and its years of existence have enabled it to establish foreign operations. China is one of the biggest Ford’s markets in the East. Cultural factors Unlike Americans, the Chinese are slightly conservative. The Chinese use small vehicles with sophisticated technology. On the contrary, Ford specializes in SUV’s and their vehicles are simple in design and technology. This may prove to be a challenge in a culture that is used to complex technology i
Introduction There is no doubt that entrepreneurs are one resilient group of people. With dynamic markets characterising the world economy today, only the resilient, dedicated and tough business people can survive. This is especially because entrepreneurs in the contemporary market environment keep on taking risks, dealing with affectations or narcissism from competitors, handling singularity and insensitivity prevailing in the market and may even have to handle guilt or seek atonement whenever they err. To survive as an entrepreneur, one may also have to adopt an iconoclastic attitude. Such would enable him or her to challenge tradition and hence discover more avenues that haven’t been discovered or fully exploited by other entrepreneurs. Although it is obvious that pursuing enterprise successfully involves a combination of things, persistence is no doubt one of the key factors that drive successful people. More over, persistence can only be born out of a deep yearning. It is for this reason that this essay posits that enterprise is indeed an inner calling. As has been argued by Tolle (2006) however, discovering one’s inner calling is tantamount to discovering the primary purpose of existence. Such an undertaking is not always easy, and neither is it straightforward. For starters, a person must realise that they have an outer and inner purpose. While the former is secondary and concerns the actions and activities that one pursues in life, the latter is primary and is related to one’s existence (Tolle, 2006). Most notably, every human being has an inner calling. However, most people according to Tolle (2006) have never awakened the same and hence face inadequacies in life that cannot be fulfilled by the cunningness, handwork, determination, struggles
Executive Summary The New York Times case study is closely associated with the aspects of the increased competence level, and the increasing rates of electronic publishing. Originally, the main problem is covered in the strategy, performed by the New York Times CEO. Thus, the analysis and recommendations will be focused on the issues of strategic management and business strategy implementation, considering various aspects of business performance. The key aspect of the analysis will be closely linked with the evaluation of the print media industry, as the entire sphere is experiencing decline, and the business shares of publishers have decreased. SWOT analysis of the New York Times is aimed at defining the positive and negative sides of business strategy and the company in general, considering the internal and external aspects of the strategy. The recommendations part is aimed at considering all the analysis aspects, and providing all the required recommendations for improving the business performance. Recommendations Considering the analysis of the business performance, and the related aspects of the publishing business, there is a strong necessity to emphasize that the New York Times should focus on the issues of strategic management and the aspects of the increased competition in the sphere of periodicals. In accordance with Warner (2010), it should be stated that strategy formulation is the priority one task for restructuring the business performance within any organization. Considering the aspects, associated with strategic aims and objectives, it should be stated that the values of the strategic change are closely associated with the managerial tactics, and techniques, resorted to by the CEO. Thus, as it is stated in Betz (2001, p. 67): Strategic management is an ongoing process that evaluates and controls the business and the industries in which the company is involved; assesses its competitors and sets goals and strategies to meet all existing and potential competitors. Then it reassesses each strategy annually or quarterly to determine how it has been implemented and whether it has succeeded or needs replacement by a new strategy to meet changed circumstances, new technology, new competitors, a new economic environment, or a new social, financial, or political environment. In the light of this consideration, the only recommendation is required for improving the business performance of the New Yor
Introduction In 2011, anti-government protests began during a growing wave of the Arab uprising. Most of the protests were peaceful until government agencies reacted with violent crackdowns on opposition leaders and influential protestors. Syria turned violent after rebels retaliated against the government’s violence with the help of army defectors. The Syrian crisis involved battles between the government and rebel groups, secular and Islamic extremists, as well as between different ethnic groups in the country. After several months of fighting, the Syrians caught in the war started moving out to neighboring countries as refugees. Over 2.3 million Syrians have crossed the borders of their own country, while more than 6 million remained trapped in the country. More than 100,000 people died, property worth millions of dollars was destroyed, and over 6 million Syrians were displaced from their homes. The war attracted the attention of international communities, who are sending troops to fight rebels and Islamic extremists, as well as providing humanitarian aid to the affected families. The main concern of Homeland Security is the safety of Jordan and other countries from terrorist attacks of terrorists crossing borders disguised as refugees. Syrian Refugees in Jordan and Bailout Program According to Abrams, Jordan already hosts approximately 1 million Syrian refugees, some of who belong to ISIS and other Islamic jihad groups (par. 2). One of the biggest questions posed by security agencies is whether America has foolproof vetting processes on foreigners leaving Syria as refugees. In a statement by the Department of Homeland Security, Secretary Jeh Johnson states that foreign jihads are trained in Syria and later cross to Jordan, and then to Europe and America as refugees (Jones par. 2). Syria is already a major concern for Homeland Security due to reports of ongoing training of foreigners by extremists, who later return to their countries as terrorists. The first cases of Syrian refugees started with the entry of Syrians into Jordan to live with families and friends. When the number increased, the country created transit centers and refugee camps. However, Jordanians cited security risks when Syrian refugees were allowed to live with strangers. Additionally, the Syrian crisis has expanded to some parts of Jordan, especially along the borders. The refugee situation in Syria is captured in photographs from Turkey and Jordan. Different media companies use the refugee camps in the two countries to demonstrate the plight of refugees, although it is estimated that over 80% of the refugees in the two countries live with friends, families, and strangers in urban centers. What is the Impact of Refugees Exemption Programs? Marsden questioned the relevance of letting in Syrians affected by war, instead of helping to make Syria safe for its citizens (par. 2). The Syrian refugee crisis poses a major threat to national and international security due to the possibi