ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract This report considers some aspects of organizational behavior, including its general aspects as well as diversity, job satisfaction, and employees’ emotions. Twitter is a company that is used as an example of a business with developed attitude monitoring and engagement encouraging practices. The analysis shows that Twitter’s results on their path to increasing diversity are not as transparent as one may think. The company pays significant attention to increasing job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The recommendation for Twitter is to update its diversity standards and allow its employees to move up the career ladder. The future analysis of the company can also review its process of dealing with conflict situations. Introduction Organizational behavior (OB) can be viewed as a foundation of any business’ success and resilience. According to Newstrom and Davis (2007), it is also the “study and application of knowledge about how people as individuals or as groups act within organizations” (p. 5). Therefore, OB can be used as a tool which management teams understand or justify the mature of employees and according to which they make appropriate decisions to lead the organization. The goals of OB are to describe how people act under different conditions and understand why people behave in certain ways. Managers could become frustrated with their employees if they did not understand the reasons behind their workers’ actions. Employers who have examined their company’s OB have the capacity to predict which employees might be dedicated and productive or which ones might be unproductive or prone to conflicts, thus allowing them to take preventive action. The final goal of OB is to control and develop human-based activities at work. Managers have a responsibility to achieve high-performance outcomes, and they are interested in being able to make an impact on employee behavior, productivity, skill d
Introduction The growth of Information Communications Technology in the last decade has ensured many people access to computers. In the developed world especially North America and Western Europe, access to computers by households is almost 100% whereas access to computers in the third world especially Africa is low. Different races therefore have varying rates of access to computers by virtue of residing in those places. It is safe therefore to say that black people of Africa have the lowest access rate to ICT in the entire world. In the developed world for instance the US where the population comprises many people of different races, the access rates to computers are not similar. In the US, African Americans and Latinos have the lowest access rate to computers compared to Caucasian Americans. The disparity that exists in scenarios such as the above is more or less influenced by the economic status of the communities. Their attitudes therefore are shaped by the prevalent situations as far as access to Information Technology is concerned. Attitudes and views on computer technology by different races will form the subject matter of this paper. Besides, the paper will tackle the effect of race on how people may evaluate the ethical impacts of computer technology. It is safe to argue that the term computer ethics is somehow limited in its use in the era of ICT. Cyber ethics has been fronted by scholars as the right term to use. However, for purposes of definition, this paper will stick to the use of computer ethics. Though the ethics are universal, people of different races expose them to diverse versions. That interpretation and how it affects the ethics of computer technology will form the second part of this paper. Attitudes There is a significant difference in the access and ownership of personal computers and access to computers between white people and black people. The differences no doubt come from influence the impact that race has on computing. According to Donna, L. Hoffman and Thomas, P. Novak of Vanderbilt University, white people, 27.2% are more likely to own a home computer and a personal computer compared to black people 16.7%. On the other hand, black people are more likely to states that they will acquire a home comp
The masterclass with Benjamin Beilman lasted 90 minutes, and it included the work with three students: Henry, Casey, and Anne, who played different musical compositions. The teacher began to work with Henry, who was playing the fragment from Johann Sebastian Bach’s Sonata no. 1 in G minor, noting what a violinist should do before performing Bach’s works. First, a student should listen to many other Bach’s sonatas and cantatas to determine the accents made by Bach for violins ( Booth 38 ). Second, a violinist should always refer to manually marked scores in order to follow each note and represent the composition’s mood ( Kaplan 12 ) . Finally, all strings need to be tuned well to achieve the perfect sound ( Katz 54 ). These notes are important to be mentioned by the teacher because they are basic for playing the violin. When Henry was in the mood to continue playing, the teacher emphasized the role of the intonation in the composition. The teacher asked Henry to listen to the tonal pattern of the work carefully and accentuate chords that seemed to be important to make the tones emphatic. The teacher also asked the student not to forget about the whole composition’s musical picture to make the piece sound completely and meaningfully in the context of the whole sonata (Kempter 22). When the student stopped playing his fragment, the teacher noted the positive aspects of the student’s playing, and he also stated that the first chord should not be released too soon. Finally, the teacher asked Henry about the role of syncopation in the rhythmic picture of this composition and noted that it is possible to try playing with the metronome to emphasize the syncopated rhythm. Casey was playing Samuel Barber’s Concerto, Op. 14, Allegro, and the teacher started with asking the student about the piece’s background. These statements were important to feel the mood of the composition ( Galamian and Thomas 112 ). The teacher noted that listening to the piano is important to regulate the vibrato that should be rather relaxed in this piece to achieve the necessary effect on the listener. Therefore, Casey should not use the bow intensively for the piece’s beginning to add more intense movements to the culmination part. The teacher explained that this approach could help making the color of the tones more expressive (Burnard and Murphy 21). Commenting on Casey’s overall technique, the teacher advised to focus on distinguishing clearly in which passage the bow should be close to the fingerboard and in which passage it should be close to the bridge to help the violinist achieve the necessary sound. The teacher’s comments are rather practical for a student to improve the playing technique and understanding of the piece’s mood. Anne was playing Henryk Wieniawski’s Scherzo – Tarantelle , Op.16. The teacher started with encouraging the student to practice each tone properly to make the melody and tones clear. He also demonstrated that the student could sing the melody in order to understand better all differences in tones (Katz 57). The teacher n
Introduction Projects face risks that have detrimental impacts (Chapman & Ward 2003, 31). These include risks associated with financial, technical, commercial, execution and legal aspects. It is vital to define each of these risks, identify their scope and propose effective mitigation measures. This paper discusses the potential risks associated with the establishment and operation of the green houses. Moreover, it proposes various precautionary and preventive measures aimed at minimizing the risks. Financial Risks These risks might emerge due to lack of adequate monetary resources. For instance, the green house managers might lack the required money to cater for water supply. Adequate finances are required for the planning, establishment, operation and maintenance of a green house (Delmon 2005, p. 19). The deficiency might negatively influence the capacity of the company to establish new green houses. Evidently, operational costs must be availed to enhance the efficiency of present green houses. A proper system of accessing credit and fundraising will be necessary for operation and establishment of green houses. Technical Risks These refer to risks associated with lack of proper and skilled labour to offer technical support. This support is appropriate for both the already operational green houses and the ones to be built. It is evident that transformative technology and skills are necessary for the maintenance and establishment of the projects (Henschel 2008, p. 34). Technical risks require a distinct management approach. The project must establish strategic alliances with human resource organizations. Apart from this, it shall be mandatory to create effective linkages with other institutions involved in training of technical personalities. Internship programs will help the project to access readily available and affordable human resource. Active job advertisement and creation of awareness to the public is another critical step aimed at reducing the impacts of technical risks (Sonneveld & Voogt 2009, p. 23). It will also be necessary for the team to procure and use standardized equipment and processes. Notably, these indications are applicable both for the new and operational green house. These crucial steps will enable the project to overcome the technical challenges likely to be faced. Commercial Risks Commercial risks may emerge due to the failure in marketing of the green house products. Moreover, the delays in procurement systems might also contribute to the rise of commercial risks (Liebig, Franzluebbers & Follett 2012, p. 17). Lack of adequate availability of market area might pose a great commercial challenge. Consequently, the project might incur significant loses. Generally, there must be a transparent and proper system for solving or managing the risk. Foremost, an effective advertising and product promotion initiative must be developed. However, before this is done, there is need for full mapping of all the products likely to be gotten from the project. Brand promotion is also an important undertaking. This is because it makes spec
It is possible to identify several models that can be applied to this case. For example, one can mention motivation-hygiene or two factor theory introduced by Frederick Herzberg. This scholar identifies two groups of factors that affect a person’s attitude toward his/her job. One should first focus on the so-called motivators such as recognition, opportunities for professional development, and opportunities for promotion (Sheldrake, 2003, p. 153). They are important for increasing a person’s satisfaction with his/her job and making him/her more motivated. In turn, there are hygiene factors such salary, work conditions, or schedule. They do not make an individual more committed to a particular organization (Sheldrake, 2003, p. 153). However, if the management disregards these issues, the workers of a business can become dissatisfied with their job. This theory can be useful for explaining this case. It should be kept in mind that the management of JC’s Casino increased the wages of employees, but many of them chose to leave this organization. So, this example confirms Herzberg’s assumption, according to which compensation does not increase an individual’s satisfaction with his/her work. The supporters of this approach may say that the management should focus on the factors that are called satisfiers; for example, one can speak about opportunities for promotion. Furthermore, it is possible to speak about equity theory introduced by Stacey Adam. This model implies that employees are more likely to be satisfied with their work if they believe that their compensation reflects their individual effort (Anderson, 2001, p. 55). In turn, workers are more likely to feel discontent, if they believe that other people receive a preferential treatment (Anderson, 2001, p. 55). This theory can also be helpful for explaining this
Flinders Island Flinders Island is the largest island among the Furneaux Group in Bass Strait. It is situated in the north-eastern lean of Tasmania, Australia and 12 kilometers away from Cape Portland. Flinders Island is a part of Tasmania state and Municipality of Flinders Island. It is one of the many islands situated in Municipal region. However, among the many islands within the Municipal region, only Flinders Island has stable settlements making it prevalent in Furneaux Group. Flinders Island has mild and maritime climate with world-class renewable energy resources such as solar, tidal and wind. It is a home for rural industries such as fishing, agriculture and tourism. Exploration of geographical topographies and environmental features The total population of Flinders Island based on 2005 census report was 897. The main settlements in Finland Island comprise of Whitemark with 170 residents, Lady Barron with 130 residents, Killiecrankie, Memana, Blue Rocks, Leeka, Palana, Wybalenna, Lughrata, Ranga and Wingaroo. In the 18 th century, Flinders Island held Aboriginal women and sealers who were brought in the island after being kidnapped by white settlers. After the collapse of seal stocks, the sealers families decided to remain in Furneaux Group depending mainly on trade where they sold their birds and cattle. Proper settlement in Flinders Island took place after freehold land was given out in the year 1950s. Settlers from central New South Wales and Tasmania were drawn to Flinders Island’s eastern shore. There is an Important Bird Area lying in the northern and eastern parts of Whitemark. About 30 km 2 of land in the northern part contains three proliferation colonies of endangered Forty-spotted Pardalote and Flame Robins (Giblin 1928, p. 110). There are also rife bird variety in the area such as Yellow-throated Honeyeater, Tasmanian Thornbill, Green Rosella, Dusky Robin, Strong-billed Honeyeater, Black Currawong and Black-headed Honeyeater. About 187kilometeres of land in the eastern part sustains Hooded Plovers, Fairy Terns and a small percentage of Pied Oystercatchers, Chestnut Teal and Sooty Oystercatchers. The coastal part of Flinders Island is covered in shrubs/scrub. There is green vegetation consisting of eucalyptus species. There are more than 800 plant varieties present in Furneaux Group bringing out the immense biodiversity of Flinders Island’s ecological unit. The animal species present in the region include: Tasmanian Pademelon (Thylogale billardierii), Bennett’s Wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus), Cape Fur Seal (Arctocephalus pusillus), Cape Barren Goose (Cereopsis novaehollandiae), Common Ringtail Possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), Potoroo (Potorous api
Introduction Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a sub-category of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), which occurs in patients exposed to technical airflow/ ventilation for more than 48 hours. VAP is not recognized by the causative agents; rather, as indicated through its name, the meaning of VAP is limited to patients exposed to mechanical airflow while at the medical center. A good culture following intubation is a sign of ventilator-associated pneumonia and is clinically diagnosed as such. To be able to properly classify the causative mechanism or agent, it is usually suggested to acquire culture, before the start of technical ventilation, as a reference procedure. Many patients under mechanical ventilation are most times sedated, therefore, rarely capable of communicating. As a result, many of the characteristic symptoms of pneumonia will either be non-existent or not recordable. These include low body temperature, fever, hypoxemia, and new purulent sputum. The condition is diagnosed and detected; in case a patient registers increasing white blood cell count during a blood test, after exposure to the ventilation process (American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2005, pp. 388-412). This condition is the most prevalent nosocomial contamination among ICU patients. Systematic reviews have shown that VAP affects 10-20% of the patients exposed to mechanical ventilation for over forty-eight hours. The approximate mortality rate among patients suffering from VAP is between 24-50%, rising to 76% in cases where the infection is caused by a multi-resistant agent. The patients who suffer from VAP are twice, as likely to die, as opposed to those not affected by it. The condition also leads to increased ICU stay and costs. Therefore, addressing the incidences of VAP will aid in improving healthcare effic
Qualitative research is, by all means, an asset in terms of scholarly investigation and translation of new ideas to the academic and professional community. However, unlike quantitative approaches to research, qualitative data cannot be interpreted and organized solely with the means of statistical calculation tools. Essentially, qualitative research encompasses such tools as semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and grounded theory research (Wolff, Mahoney, Lohiniva, & Corkum, 2018). As a result, in order to draw tangible conclusions, it is of paramount importance to process the information presented by various respondents, who, in their turn, belong to diverse socio-ethnic backgrounds. Thus, as far as the data organization is concerned, the creation of a filing system should be addressed by the researcher. When collecting a considerable amount of data in a limited time, some researchers tend to neglect the proper file naming, causing difficulties in finding relevant information and even losing necessary data in the long-term perspective (Suvivuo, 2021). Thus, in order to eliminate such a risk, it is advisable to create a template for document naming that would include the topic, category, and respondent’s identification and organize the files immediately after access. Another relevant strategy in terms of data management concerns the data volume and the inability to analyze it with no third-party assistance. Emerging trends in data analysis are currently crowdfunding and labeling the data through classifiers (Suvivuo, 2021). The phenomenon of crowdsourcing stands for attracting people to contribute to the research by analyzing a certain amount of data on the matter of specific characteristics outlined in the instructions. Labeling, in its turn, encourages the usage of machine tools programmed to categorize data according to the keywords indicated. Hence, it may be concluded that today’s demand for qualitative research should catalyze more relevant proposals in terms of systematic data systematization, as manual labor capital is not sufficient to conduct large-scale research.
Ethics play a key role in organizational leadership. Therefore, ethical leadership values ethics. As well, it fosters a culture and an environment that supports moral behaviors within organizations. It is applicable in healthcare management, organizational management, public administration, bioethics, and business ethics just to mention but a few (Carter, Urich & Goldsmith 2012). On the contrary, unethical leadership disregards ethics and instead indulges in unacceptable moral practices that are contrary to the organization culture. Examples of Ethical and Unethical Leadership that are related to Health Care In health care, examples of ethical leadership are many. The first example is the availability of an environment that encourages open communication. This enables employees to freely comment on anything without fearing that their comments might be used against them. The second example is ethical decision-making. Decision-making sometimes raises special ethical concerns in health care. Ethical leadership identifies these decisions, addresses them in a systematic manner, and provides an in-depth explanation to stakeholders why they arrived at such decisions (Carter, Urich & Goldsmith 2012). Additionally, an executive ethical leadership involves integrity, openness, personal morality and concern for people. Another example of ethical leadership occurs when leaders uphold ethics, talk about them, and proves that ethics matter in healthcare. This leadership encourages employees to discuss ethical concerns in relation to organization culture. In summary, ethical leadership revolves around moral behaviors that are acceptable in the society. On the other hand, unethical leadership involves immoral behaviors that leaders practice in an organization. Those behaviors include, lack of compassion and humanity, neglecting the duty of care, dishonesty, and many more others. In healthcare, there are three major unethical practices. The first one is refusing to provide healthcare services to patients who do not have medical insurance. Some hospitals do not attend to or admit patients who lack medical insurance covers even if they need emergency treatment. Although this act is not illegal, it is unethical and portrays lack of human compassion. Another unethical behavior is over treating patients to get more income. Thirdly, harassment and discrimination at workplace is an example of unethical leadership. It involves providing opportunities in employment basing on some other factors such as race, sex, national origin, age, and religion instead of merit. Unethical leadership reduces the effectiveness of an organization because it breaks the morale of employees (Carter, Urich & Goldsmith 2012). Actions to increase Ethical Behavior and decrease Unethical Behavior Organizations should design compliance programs that are aimed at preventing unethical conducts while promoting conformity with ethical standards or behaviors. Compliance and ethical programs will ensure that principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, which are prone to violation by patients, the general public, and healthcare