ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Sophocles’ Greek play ‘Antigone’ presents a conflict between the god and man’s law. Antigone, the protagonist, believes that one’s conscience and divine law should prevail over the human’s one. She is proud and stubborn, qualities that make her uncompromising even in the face of adversity. Yet, others view her as an embodiment of resistance against unjust laws (Humphrey and Edith 23). Creon, the king of Thebes and Antigone’s uncle, has the duty to protect and enforce the state laws. Their blood relationship notwithstanding, Creon and Antigone are involved in a protracted conflict over the burial of Polyneices, Antigone’s brother (Sophocles 12). As this paper will demonstrate, the tension between Antigone and Creon symbolizes a higher conflict between the state and god laws. Additionally, this paper will delve into the modern day conflict between the church and the state as seen in contentious issues such as abortion and same sex marriage. Sophocles’ Antigone starts with an intense argument between Antigone and her sister, Ismene, over the burial of their brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices. Eteocles dies a hero fighting for his kingdom. Polyneices, on the other hand, is seen as a traitor because he dies fighting against Thebes. According to the laws of the land, Eteocles deserves an honorable burial while his brother should rot unburied on the spot where he has died. Those who go against this law risk death by mob justice. Antigone, however, is ready to violate the law and bury her slain brother. This sets the first stage for a conflict with her uncle. Religion decrees that a dead man ought to be buried in order to save the society against a bad omen. In spite of this, Antigone decides to take this path. Creon insists on enforcing the laws of the land that prohibit the burial of traitors. Sophocles maintains his play by escalating the tension between the king and his niece. A fear of reprisal, or a promise of reward, underpins the choice to obey or disobey a law (Phoebe 23). In Sophocles’ Antigone , Ismene is afraid to participate in her brother’s burial for fear of death by mob justice. A
William Laud was born in1573 in Reading from a comparatively rich family. His father William was a cloth trader. Laud got a white scholarship allowing him to study in Reading School. He got baptized at St Laurence’s church in Reading. In 1601, he got ordained. His advocate for Arminianism, elevated church tendencies, and hostility to Puritanism together with his academic and organizational radiance gained him a status. During this period, the Calvinist party was well established in the Church of England and his pronouncement of apostolic progression was unpopular to most of the people. In 1605, he unwillingly forced his supporter Charles Blount to have a marriage with a divorcee. He continued rising through the hierarchy of clergy to become the president of St John’s College in the year 1611. He was sanctified bishop of St David’s in 1621 and later declared as bishop of bath and wells in 1626. As the archbishop of Canterbury, he was well-known in the government. He could play the role of the king as well as that of Thomas Wentworth in all crucial matters. It is believed that the contentious sports assertion issued by King Charles in 1633 had been drafted by Laud. In 1630, Laud was nominated as Chancellor of the University of Oxford which gave him a chance of getting more involved in managing the University affairs than any of his forerunners. He played a vital role in coming up with Oxford’s Arabic chair and also in developing Arabic holographs for the Bodleian Library. His greatest contribution was in drafting a new set of laws for the university. He worked as the fifth chancellor of the University of Dublin between 1633 and 1645. Whereas Strafford sensed the political risks of Puritanism, Laud saw intimidation of the episcopate. Puritans themselves felt endangered as counter-reformation took charge. The thirty years’ war was not yielding any fruits to the Protestants. In this environment, Laud’s high church policies were perceived as creepy intentions. His policies were charmed by his urge to force complete homogeny on the church. This was further accelerated by his belief that it was the responsibility of his office to ensure that uniformity has been achieved. To those who differed with his perception, they saw his intentions as discriminating. Thr
Robert Peterson’s Book, Only the Ball Was White: A History of Legendary Black Players and All-Black Professional Teams, is a seminal book that traces the origin and growth of Black baseball leagues in America. The book provides a vivid picture of the myriad experiences of black players in the game of baseball. The author shows how many good Black players could not find a place in the national team because of the racial divide and provides a list of the black baseball players who could have performed much better than their white counterparts if given an opportunity. Peterson’s personal interviews with black baseball players and officials enrich the book; the poignant experiences narrated by the black players themselves add to the credibility of the book. The work clearly tells the reader the saga of the tribulations and humiliations that a black player has to undergo because of the color difference, and the author points out how the game of baseball has helped the black communities to nourish and foster their identity. Thus, the story of the growth of baseball in the nation is the story of the black man’s growth; a shift from racism or color difference one comes across a celebration and acknowledgement of Black culture. Peterson shares the experiences of many a black baseball player, and the book is regarded as the best guide to understanding black culture. Slavery and racism are the two binding constraints that kept the black baseball players marginalized and sidelined. There have been a number of black baseball teams who were playing regularly in Yankee Stadium and Brooklyn’s Ebbets Field during the 1930s and the 1940s; however, the talents and the professional excellence of these players went unnoticed as they could not make it to the mainstream of American baseball game. The story of Black empowerment in the American society can be traced back to 1867 when the blacks were offered the right to vote. However, it took a long way for the glorious black baseball tradition to get recognized at the national level. As Peterson makes it clear, from 1898 to 1946, “black men were barred from the organized leagues by an unwritten rule, and behind this color line there developed a uniquely American spectacle called Negro baseball” (Peterson 1992, 3). However, one could notice that a strong black baseball tradition was in the making. Negro football clubs were organized in various parts of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, which attracted the attention of many Negro fans of the game. According to Peterson, most of such Negro baseball leagues merely served the purpose of entertainment. However, he believes that these Negro leagues in the late 1920s have been instrumental in developing an American conscience that was purely Blackish. Peterson observes that “Negro baseball was at once heroic and tawdry, a gladsome thing and a blot on A
One of the main challenges that many companies in America are dealing with is how to handle compensation and benefits. This is not a new challenge. It has been a permanent feature of the American economy. The current struggles have their roots in the financial crisis that hit the American economy in 2009. The financial crisis hit the American economy about a decade after the dotcom bubble. The American economy is currently in recovery after these two major shocks. However, many people have become impatient with the government for the slow rate of recovery. This is seeping into the national discussion with debates on how the government and employers should handle the tough economic times. Employers are struggling to retain top talent. In addition, they are struggling to retain low-level workers who are usually hit hard by the negative impacts of economic problems. A movement to change the basis for wage calculations from the federal minimum wage to a living wage is gaining momentum. The reason for this is that the minimum wage in America no longer guarantees workers a decent life. This paper examines the wage situation at McDonald’s and the attendant crisis. McDonald’s is one of the best-known American brands. The company happens to have a very poor reputation when it comes to employee wages. In this context, this paper looks at the reasons behind the current push by McDonald’s and other large employers such as Wal-Mart to oppose the enactment of higher minimum wages in America, and the adoption of the living wage as the standard for measuring wages. The analysis will culminate in the development of recommendations for t
Foreign exchange In order to convert the US dollars to the Yuan, we use the exchange rate USD/CNY 6.5766. This therefore means that 1 USD = 6.5766 Yuan. USD100,000 will therefore be 6.5766*100,000 = 657660 Yuan. The Chinese supplier will therefore be paid a total of 657660 Yuan. Foreign exchange can simply be defined as the currency of a foreign country or the currency of a country that a person or company does not belong to. It can also be defined as the purchase or sale of a country’s currency in exchange for another country’s currency. This transaction is usually carried out in a market setting in order to make it easy for the transacting parties. This market is referred to as the foreign exchange market (forex). A foreign exchange market is therefore a market where trading of different currencies takes place in order for the traders to be able to meet their financial obligations in foreign countries. Foreign exchange makes it possible for companies operating on the international scope to carry out their business transactions which normally involve conversions of money from one country’s currency to that of another (Carbaugh, 2004). Foreign currency derivatives According to Gitman (2007), a derivative can be defined as “a financial instrument whose value is vested in another item such as an interest rate or an asset”. Derivatives are usually in the form of contracts where the parties agree to make payments based on the value of the underlying entity at a particular time in future. Derivatives are mainly used as a risk minimisation strategy by one party and a return maximisation strategy for the other party. A foreign currency derivative is therefore a financial derivative whose future payment depends on the exchange rate of two or more currencies (Gitman, 2007). Businesses gen
Introduction The idea is to plan the development of a park for the general public. People usually do not want to visit parks unless they have something exceptional to visit. This park is going to offer people an option of skateboarding/roller skating and a usual jogging track for the people to walk or jog (as a part of their exercise). Research could be the first step to find out if people really want what is going to be offered to them or would they still not prefer to avail themselves of the park services. The development of such services within the park is dependent on identifying the need in the market without which it could be a loss and expense to the government. Main text Management Decision Problem: To develop a park for general public with special services (skateboarding/roller skating and jogging track). Marketing Research Problem: To find out if people really want to avail such services in the park (skateboarding/roller skating and jogging track). The research would be exploratory as according to Sekaran (2003), ‘exploratory studies are also necessary when some facts are known, but more information is needed for developing a viable theoretical framework’ (p.120). The sampling design for research could be a bit complicated as the sample size could consist of people of all ages and the sample size should also be large enough to represent the whole population. The research would consist of 500 respondents and the research would be quantitative as it is wise to note the responses of the individuals and then analyze the data to come up with valid action plans. The sampling would be probability as it is well known for its generalizability (represents the whole of the population rather than a segment). The more specific type of sampling could be the simple random sampling method as every respondent has a known chance of being selected, according to Sekaran (2003), simple random sampling has the least bias but drawbacks are that it is time-consuming and at times expensive. The research can be divided into different areas to identify the interests of residents of different areas. The sample would consist of 250 young boys including teenagers (to find out if they like skateboarding or roller skating) and 250 adults (including old-age people who may like to walk). The research instrument used for data collection is questionnaire as the research is quantitative but there are numerous issues of concern while conducting research via questionnaires. The first issue is that people from different age groups may find it hard to answer a few of the questions in the questionnaire. Careful analysis of such issues could reduce the chances of error. It is suggested that the questionnaire should consist of the close-ended questions in the first place, should not have double-barrelled questions and that proper scaling technique are used to judge the respondents’ views on the proposed plan. Summary Data analysis could consist of analyzing
Introduction In their peer-reviewed article “Investigating the Linkage Between Infrastructure and Regional Development in India: Era of Planning to Globalisation”, Ghosh and De (2005) discuss the impact of economic and social infrastructure on the development of Indian regions made within the last 25 years. I consider that this article provides relevant arguments and references to reliable sources, which illustrates its credibility and validity. Main Body In my opinion, the pivotal argument made by Ghosh and De (2005) refers to the necessity of globalization policies that would eliminate poverty in developing areas and remove the economic disparities between people, both in infrastructure and income. The fact is that per capita income levels in India tend to grow dramatically, thus increasing the bias among people. I can note similar views presented in the article by Cherodian and Thirlwall (2015), who claim that regional disparities in the mentioned countries remain significant based on evidence of conditional convergence that impacts GDP growth, literacy, and other aspects. In other words, there is an alarming distinction between the states in terms of income and investment in infrastructure. Another idea I consider important is proposed by Ghosh and De (2005), who discuss social and economic infrastructure facilities’ role in supporting internal development. The study shows that no essential improvements were achieved in correlating income levels and infrastructure development within the last several decades. Similar assumptions are also provided by Lewis-Faupel, Neggers, Olken, and Pande (2016) in their research. I think that they focus on the impact of electronic procurement in India, which is a relevant topic in terms of globalization. In particular, the authors argue that e-procurement promotes quality improvement and facilitates the entry of more successful contractors into the area that needs enhancement. In my point of view, one of the strongest points of the given article is the inclusion of both parametric and nonparametric estimates while answering the research question and determining the development trajectory. Consistent with Pereira and Andraz (2013), the authors apply a survey of the method to conduct the study. More to t
Marketing involves ensuring that customers are aware of a company’s products or services and also making them to gain inters in their quality and effectiveness while also creating a strong relationship with them. It is a major component of a business because it enables creation of new markets, and it involves communication sales and development of an enterprise. Activities involved in marketing include product pricing branding promotion, distribution, market research, market dominance, management and strategy. MRF (Madras rubber factory) is a company that specializes in manufacturing tryes and it is located in India. It is a very large and major company in the tyre industry and exports its products to more than 75 countries in the world. It has six manufacturing units in India and has the largest variety of tyres to include trucks and bus tyres, light tyres for passenger and personal cars, tyres, farm, industrial and sports activities. The company is also involved in various sport activities such as bat and cricket which is a major marketing strategy for the company. MRF also has branded its products boosting over 10 different brands. A brand is the identity of a product, service or a company; it could be a color, sign, a symbol a name among others, it is also a trademark. It enables relating the product to the customer’s, staff, and other stake holder’s of the company. The brand is used to communicate the uniqueness of the product service or company and hence it is an essential part of advertising. In order to achieve successful marketing through branding one has to make sure that the brand is recognized by customers even in absence of the parent company name. One also has to understand the needs of the clients so as to satisfy them, and maintain them. Companies should also be informed that branding is not about competition with other companies in the industries but is meant to inform the customer who is offering what. A good brand communicates this, test credibility of the product, creates a relation with the customers, motivates them and wins their loyalty and trust. MRF company slogan is ‘’tires with muscles’’ ‘, and some of the product brands are; Lug 50-FS, MRF Nylogrip Zappea, a high performance tyre for new generation bikes, MRF Racing, MRF ZVTS, a steel-belted premium radial, MRF Super’ and ,MRF Events. The company also has brand ambassadors who are mainly involved in sports such as; Sa
Introduction A fierce and continuous debate on gun control has recently been prompted by the increasing rate of incidents of school gun massacre in the United States. In particular, the recent Newtown incident that left several children dead has prompted the need for gun control policy in the country. In her February 14 2013 article “With Guns, Killer and Victim Are Usually Same” on The New York Times , Sabrina Tavernise draws the reader to the bigger picture of firearm abuse. In her argument, Tavernise (1) has constructed the article in form of a conventional Wall Street Journal for featured stories. In the article, the author argues that although most cases of shooting in the past have involved massive shootings, most gun victims are actually using these firearms to commit suicide. She indicates that there are many victims of suicidal shooting than the cases of massive shootings. This statement has been supported by statistics from official agencies. With sufficient information, Tavernise’s article possesses a great deal of credibility and persuasiveness. By employing an effective use of rhetorical appeals (ethos, logos, and pathos) and tone, the author has effectively developed an argument that persuades the reader to understand the need for reducing cases of suicidal deaths by blocking the access to firearms through a gun control policy. Rhetoric Analysis Tavernise tries to deviate the public focus on gun debate from mass shootings to she use of guns in suicides. She unveils that the majority of gun-related deaths in America are suicides. Throughout this article, Tavernise manages to present a balanced argument, with opinions from both sides directly involved and interacted. The author does not seem to suggest the most appropriate method of reducing the problem. However, she employs logos to persuade her readers by providing more than one suggestions, but leaves it out to them to apply logics in examining the best way to control suicidal deaths involving firearms in the United States. One prominent characteristic of this article is its effective structure. Presented in the style of a feature story, it starts and ends with an anecdote. The tragic story of the Reichert family adds human interest and draws readers’ feelings and attention. In this anecdote, the author draws the readers to a real-life experience of Reichert family in Dayton, Wyoming. Mr. Reichert and his wife lost their son, Kameron, through a suicidal shooting. Using ethos, the author has drawn the readers to understand the situation brought by the access of guns to the young people in the United States using the case of Kameron. Here, the author draws the reader to develop emotions by describing how Kameron, then only 17 years ol
A professional development plan is a set of guidelines, principles and regulations that are used to improve advance or redirect the career, business or education strategy of a particular study group, organization or school. Plan development generally begins with a detailed outline, characteristically indicating the overall goals to be achieved in the long run. The short plan examines the current status and needs of the particular user, while at the same time looking at the different ways in which the needs can be met and recording the goals and objectives that are expected for the future (Stiles 15). A plan helps one structure and focus on the planning and training needs of all involved where time is one of the most important parameters in achieving these goals. Therefore, the outline, timeline and report will frequently include expected time frames and duties to be performed by those involved. The most addressed questions to help one make effective plans are: where am I at the present? Where do I want to go? And, finally, how do I get to where I want to be? On-going training and guidance have long been a crucial part of any career growth. With the significant administration changes, there are requirements in any industry and the setting of new priorities, in the development of a plan, which has become a crucial need to meet the expected goals. Multiple programs are there to ensure that the staff/students working on their ambition and targets, since from time to time the zeal in them could be low or even dead at times. The introduction of motivational talks has been one major way to inspire staff members in meeting their objectives (Stiles 18). These motivational sessions are aimed at encouraging the employees/students to perform even better, especially when their potential is way higher than their current output. Seminars are also other widely used forms in developing careers or improving academic performance. A professional planner will schedule seminars as part of the technique to use in assisting his students learn. This is an academic instruction methodology that is offered to students, workers and other professionals, with a major with the goal of turning these groups into teams and each meeting session into a productive seminar. The major idea behind the seminar arrangement is to acquit and exonerate students (participants) more extensively with the perfect methodology to attain their goals (Wiburg and Brown 25). In this seminar assigned talks and comprehensions are discussed, questions are asked and intensive debates are conducted. It is a relatively informal method of learning, which gives participants debate on topics freely. Introduction of study groups has been another successful way to equip students well with information, and also give them a chance to learn new skills in their natural settings. This can be helpful while one is trying to