ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The concept of the freedom of contract is a highly unregulated area of legislation, which presents both a wide range of opportunities alongside issues. The given notion is an integral part of the law of contract, which means that it is highly critical and relevant in the commercial world since the interactions between parties can be dictated by the degree of freedom provided within a nation. The legal roots of the notion of freedom of contract are manifested in the ideals of liberalism and theoretical capitalism, where the former values individual freedom and the latter values marker efficiency and effectiveness. Both of these benefits can be achieved through freedom of contract laws, but it requires the absence of regulation in the given area to be fully functional, which explains why there is very little regulation in this regard. Although the current restrictions are minor, they mainly revolve around anti-trust laws and consumer protection laws. However, there are still certain downsides to the idea of freedom of contract, where some services can lead to the dehumanization of moral and ethical ideals. In addition, the negative aspects of freedom of contract are predatory businesses, which target vulnerable populations. Legal Description The freedom contract is a central concept of any capitalistic market system, which values its freedom and effectiveness. The main reason is that little to no regulation in this area can make the interactions among market entities efficient as well as be the cornerstone of democracy and freedom for the citizens. For example, Australian contract law, as many other such laws, is rooted in the English common law, which is partially accompanied by statutory protection laws (Johnson & Millar, 2021). It is stated that: “the basic principle of Australian contract law is freedom of contract, under which parties are at liberty to strike whatever bargain they choose” (Johnson & Millar, 2021, para. 1). In other words, the emphasis is put on the core idea of democratic freedom, where market parties are free to establish and determine the overall contract rules. In addition, one should be aware that there are little to no limitations on the freedom of contract laws, except third party involvements and exclusive trading, which contradicts the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, where the latter is designed to regulate any form of anti-trust provisions. Liberalism and Contract Moreover, one should also add that the concept of freedom of contract is an instance of the liberal conception of law, where the focus is put on opportunity equality rather than outcome equality. The liberal conception of law is an important aspect of liberalism, where the prioritization is put on providing procedural or operational fairness without putting much emphasis
Domino’s Pizza Inc. is one of the giants in the pizza chains sector. This industry has witnessed significant incorporation of technology to foster the realization of substantial market share. In this view, Domino’s expansion strategy has forced it to consider various aspects of the environment in which it operates. Effective strategic management requires organizations to deploy tools such as PESTEL and Porter’s Five Forces to analyze their business settings. In this respect, this paper identifies business environment aspects that stand out for the case of Dominoes. One Segment of Domino’s General Environment Political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental, demographic, and legal aspects characterize the general business environment in which an organization operates (Grant, 2015). The technological segment stands out for the case of Domino’s broad business setting. This organization continually seeks to improve its competitiveness in the pizza industry by integrating automated methods into its operations. According to Aley (2017), the notable digital ordering avenues employed by Domino’s include the use of social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and the zero-click app. This strategy aims at minimizing human contact in the ordering process to facilitate the realization of greater efficiency and, consequently, business profitability. Porter’s Five Forces: Competition According to Grant (2015), Porter’s Five-Force model of analysis facilitates the assessment of factors that account for the ability of industrial players to sustain d
Introduction Today, over 70 per cent of organisations have implemented some form of empowerment scheme. Most organisations adopt empowerment after learning its effectiveness in enhancing organisational growth. Consequently, the empowerment process is implemented systematically (Fineman 2008). In present global business environment, organisations should make use of creativity, energy, ideas, and knowledge of every employee to be successful. Institutions thus require empowering their employees to achieve this goal. Empowerment refers to a situation where employees are given the authority to make decisions on issues affecting their operations without having to rely on the management team. Empowerment helps employees take initiatives and make decisions without prodding. Moreover, empowerment ensures that staff members attend to organisational interests with minimal supervision (Grey 2005). Empowerment encourages employee autonomy within an organisation. Consequently, it facilitates in enhancing employee creativity and innovativeness. With the current rate of technological growth and organisational changes, empowerment will be the ultimate tool of dealing with uncertainties and ambiguity (Clampitt & Dekoch 2001). Moreover, it will help in enhancing employee motivation and assuming control over employees (Handy 1999). This paper will discuss ho
Today we can observe the rapid rise of technologies and their interference in multiple spheres of human activity to improve results and achieve higher efficiency levels. Another important domain for their application is the enhancement of communication between agents in different locations. The evolution of the Internet became one of the key factors that fostered this process and preconditioned the further development of technologies. In the modern world, the Internet is closely connected with wireless LAN (WLAN) protocols that are used to transfer data without traditional ways presupposing cables. However, it can suffer from channel fading or external interference, which means the need for an efficient tool to avoid these problems. Background WLAN becomes an advantageous way to use modern technologies and preserve access to the Internet not being limited by the cable and demonstrating high mobility. It emerged in 1971 as the first wireless computer network at the University of Hawaii. Since that time, it had passed a long way and became a popular means of transferring data. However, there are also several problems associated with the protocol that can be taken as its disadvantages. First of all, the issue of channel fading becomes topical. It can be determined as the variation of the attenuation of a signal that emerges under the impact of multipath propagation or wave propagation. It can significantly corrupt the quality of data transfer and prevent individuals from using the Internet and LAN. Another problem peculiar to wireless networks is the high risk of external interference. The opportunity for the breach appears because of the nature of this technology as malefactors can use it to enter the private network and analyze information presented there. Purpose and Research Question Under these conditions, the pivotal aim of the project is to investigate Wireless LAN, the problem of channel fading, and external interference to find an appropriate solution that can be used to minimize risks and align an efficient functioning of the system. It means that the existing tools to prevent fading such as diversity schemes and rake receivers along with the shielding and improved security measures to minimize security risks will be discussed. Regarding the central topic of the research, the following research question can be formulated: What are the specific technologies and software that can solve the problem of channel fading and external interference and improve the functioning of WLAN? Methodology The given research question presupposes the use of a particular methodology to conduct an in-depth analysis of the issue and acquire credible data. Investigation of the efficiency of specific technologies and their impact on the work and stability of WLAN presupposes an analysis of research papers and articles to understand how these approaches might help to solve the problem and how they impact the discussed aspects. For this reason, the literature review becomes one of the central methods utilized in the project. At the same time, internet sources should
Executive Summary Karl Henning was a Briton who migrated to the United States in 2000 after being awarded a scholarship. He had a passion for playing soccer and this made him participate in various competitive teams in England during his high school life. Apart from playing, he was talented in teaching kids how to play football. Kids liked his coaching because he was a good football player. This made him to open his own academy in 2006 called Rocky Soccer Academy for kids aged from 7-14. He coached them in various groups according to their age, skills and gender. Training was done in a nearby local park while in groups. His marketing strategy at that time was by word of mouth. The kids that he couched then spread news that there was a great coach from Britain who knew how to teach football with fun (Robins, 2000). Karl students grew to 50 kids and more. His fame grew and he organized 10 various camps. His other marketing strategy was to use the 11Rocky 3v3 teams to market his name of Rocky. This he achieved by training them well where they won various tournaments and this promoted his school. Henning later increased people to help with training. Some coaches were hired in the United States and a few local players were added to help develop his academy. His academy had an advantage in that soccer is loved by kids. Kids like to play and watch soccer across the United States. Henning is currently coaching 600 kids in every year. This means that his business has grown tremendously although there are few problems. He is supposed to come up with a marketing strategy so that his business can grow. This will help in building a new training facility. The academy has no training facility of its own. There is only a rented space which is not good enough. Henning’s other challenge is increasing awareness of his program to kids aged 6 to 10 who have a low level of awareness. He has to market his business to adjacent cities like Loveland, Greely and Longmont. All this cities have big populations. Problem Statement Henning major goal is coming up with the best marketing strategy to grow his business so that he can build a huge training facility (Lehman, 2005). His marketing strategy will also help him increase his customers of the age of 6 to 10 who have a low level of awareness. His business will grow also if his school will be marketed to other close cities. These will be new markets for his academy which is why his business is bound to grow. Another goal for Henning is retaining his customers by developing other activities that will attract kids of age 14 and 15 who are engaged to other activities. Analysis and Evaluation It is better for Henning to do some research in other neighboring cities before doing any marketing to determine his customers. This will enable him to gather information concerning the age of the children that live there and their population. He needs to focus on the children aged from 6 to 10 the majority of whom do
In fact, there are so many different business strategy tools, which aim at improving business situations and achieving positive results within the chosen activity. However, to my mind, Porter’s five forces analysis is considered to be one of the most effecting and developing strategies among the others. Michael Porter developed this clear and concrete model in 1979 and amazed everyone with its overall industry profitability. The ideas, offered by Porter have lots of advantages because all of them are based on human abilities to earn some kind of return on the investment that is much better than the already known average of the same industry sector. So, the major components of Porter’s five forces are (1) threat of possible mobility, (2) threat of substitute products, (3) existed supplier power, (4) buyer power, and, finally, (5) expected industry rivalry. All these forces have their own peculiarities, which will be investigated in this paper. The first force, presented by Michael Porter, is threat of substitutes. The main idea lies in the fact that customers can make various decisions and change their minds as for the use of your products. This is why even your constant consumers may choose your competitors’ products in order to find out some kind of profit. This kind of threat is possible when, at the same time, lots of substitutes are available for people. Sometimes, competitors are eager to present the same products at lower prices in order to attract the attention of your consumers. Even more, your competitors may provide people with products and services, which are of better quality than yours. (Porter’s Five Forces Model, 2009) It is necessary to admit that these threats of substitutes may be presented in different forms, and people can hardly differentiate what concrete reason put under a threat their business. For example, the development of a new diet is promoted by means of TV and other type of media. This promotion admits that the use of chicken is harmful for humans. This is why it is better to use lamb as the major dish. Even these words and such advertising may create some threat to the industries, connected to chickens. In order to be ready to overcome this threat, it is possible to (1) remember that close connection to customers will be always beneficial (awareness about their preferences, desires, and abilities); (2) develop new brands and attract customers with fresh ideas, which have not been introduced by the competitors; and (3) make advertising available to all people, so that customer may discuss it, analyze, and make necessary decisions. Another significant threat that has to be taken into consideration is threat of mobility or, in other words, threat of new entrants. This kind of threat has all chances to weaken the power of the chosen organization. When the product is not differentiated or the requirements, which are necessary to start a new business, become less, the threat of mobility becomes more and more evident. (Porter’s Five Forces Model, 2009) Also,
The Life and Times of Frida Kahlo is a film that celebrates the phenomenal art and experiences of the Mexican painter Frida Kahlo. This video is a documentary that provides a fictional forum that captures the different spheres of life in which the iconic painter left her indelible mark of creativity, ideology and general interest. Some of her reputed artworks such as self portrait in a velvet dress, self portrait dedicated to Leon Trotsky, self portrait with Stalin, and many others. This documentary exposes Kahlo as a woman, and an artist and progressive ideologue that lived her life in a way that sought to capture the rhythms of life as conditioned by the experiences that she encountered (The Life and Times of Frida Kahlo). The narrator of this film is actress Rita Moreno. Acclaimed singer Lila Downs gives the entire piece a realistic tone by providing the voice of Frida Kahlo. This video condenses all the aspects of life that defined her life in a manner that creates fresh meaning of the environmental, historical, psychological and ideological forces that governed the prolific contributions of her life. There are moments in this video when the forces seem as if conditioning the birth of a new ideology. The meaning that seems to come out is that of struggle against the oppressive and suppressive social order. The voice that comes out in this video is one that speaks an admirable aspect of boldness that evokes the essence of struggle beauty and conquest. In the self portrait of a woman in velvet for instance, there seems an aspect of feminine power that is contained in the substance of the painting and which seems to target the very heart of patriarchy with the express intention to conquer and subdue. The celebration of the feminine mystique, power, and beauty as represented in this film is basically an imagination of the struggles that Frida Kahlo launched against the Mexican patriarchal set up. The message as expressed in this video is to move the ce
Introduction Historically, legal dispute resolution and protection of rights of citizens and enterprises have always been the responsibility of the strong and independent branch of the judicial system. Moreover, in any law-abiding country, there is need for properly organized and efficient court system. Accessibility to the courts is obligatory within the scope of constitutional, criminal, and administrative laws since the courts play a significant role in guaranteeing justice delivery. However, litigation is often not indispensable or useful within the private domain including the issues under the regulation of the contract and civil laws. Therefore, the partners considered equal might have the chance to put to rest their emerging disputes at personal levels or by utilizing other formal ways of resolving disputes (Schmalleger 157). Presently, the use of out-of-court as a legal system is becoming common in the US as a way of resolving disputes. Notably, these approaches offer alternative practices to litigation, which in spite of being important and expediency for communities, is too formal, costly, complex and time-consuming process of settling disputes. Therefore, there is need to find other means of handling disputes that people consider simple, less expensive, faster, and more efficient commonly identified as the non-formal justice system of legal dispute resolution (Palmer 102). These non-official prerogative approaches are also referred to as the alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Unlike the U.S. with extensive experience in the application of ADR, countries like Russia are beginning to institutionalize their ADR. As a result, the paper focuses on establishing the practices of ADR within the legal system in the United States. General Idea of Dispute Resolution in the US ADR is a way of resolving disputes/disagreements outside the courts, and some of its common means are arbitrations, conciliation, neural evaluation, mediation, and negotiations. With the growing lines and backlogs within the court systems, increasing litigation rates, as well as time delays that continue to affect litigants, the U.S. is currently focusing on strengthening ADR activities to ease the movement of court cases. However, some of these programmes are voluntary while others are mandatory in nature depending on the sensitivity of the case in question. While the common ADR are arbitration and mediation, negation is often the first attempt in addressing the disputes; nevertheless, it is a preeminent method of solving disputes (Sgubini, Prieditis, and Marighetto par. 5). In the early 1960s, the American society experienced or went through an upheaval that was caused by the ADR of which the some of the portion reacted to the civil rights discord. However, in 1964, through the Civil Rights Act, the Congress was able to establish the Community Relations Service of the Justice System to help the courts in resolving communal as well as perverse racial disagreements/disputes. Ford Foundation later formed the National Centre for Dispute Settlement together with the Institute of Mediation and Conflict Resolution to look in
The paintings on Nefertiti and Shabtis are both renowned Egyptian paintings. They are both ancient paintings and had different significance to the Egyptian culture. These paintings differ in terms of size, symbolism and other functions. One of the paintings is a full painting, while the other is only the bust. Shabtis according to the Egyptian culture were made of simple material such as single molds with little details. However, the shabtis shown on the painting is made of limestone, which means that it was an indication that it was from the tomb of a wealthy person. Many differences can be drawn from the two paintings Nefertiti is an Egyptian art painted on limestone, 1’8’’ in height and is found in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin. Nefertiti represents a prominent wife. She is portrayed as an elegant beauty. She has a pensive expression and delicate long neck. The first unfinished portrait of this elegant beauty was first found in Thutmose’s workshop (Kleiner, p47). This painting is done on a limestone and it represents Akhenaton’s beauty queen. The name of this beauty queen means that the beautiful one has arrived. It exhibits a similar expression of entranced musing, mannered sensitivity, and the delicacy of its curved contours. The left eye socket lacks the inlaid eyeball, which makes the portrait look like a kind of a demonstration piece. The portrait has an elegant bust, which means that it may have be comparing to a flower, which is still on its stalk that is slender, but is embroidered by the weight of the crown that is laid on the head of the sculpture. The bust is outstanding in that it is used for illustrating the Ancient Egyptians had regarding realistic facial proportions it is also exaggerated by the length of the serpentine neck. The sculpture is adjusted to fit the actual likes of the ancient era portrait standard of a spiritual beauty. Nefertiti was an influential woman who frequently appeared in decorations of the temple and she not only equals her husband in size but also sometimes wore the pharaonic headgear. The family portraiture of this portrait represents the sunken relief stele of the royal family, which perhaps is from the private shrine. The style used in this portrait is familiar with from the colossus of Akhenaton. The undulating curves represent the rigid lines and the figures possessed by the prominen