ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
According to DeJean, McGeorge, and Stone (2012), findings from majority of the past research studies on the attitudes of the society towards single parents have been negative. The authors note that such negative perceptions are directed more toward single motherhood than single fatherhood. Additionally, it is important to understand such attitudes, as they are likely to elevate the effects of single parenthood on children development. Axinn, Young-DeMarco, and Caponi Ro (2011) acknowledge the importance of assessing gender attitudes toward social behaviours. Specifically, these authors note that gender based differences are critical in understanding the variations in parenting models. They also recognize the variations in gender based attitudes toward single parenthood. DeJean et al. (2012) acknowledge the dearth of research on gender based attitudes toward single parenting. In reference to these authors, these attitudes do not seem to apply in the case of widowed partners. In reference to a research undertaken by Bilbray and Stacey (2010), the authors argue that the society tends to pay high regard to children raised by both parents compared to those raised by single parents. In particular, their findings reveal that having two parents raise children has an impact on their development. Similarly, the research by DeJean et al. (2012) reports that the attitudes toward single parenting are negative in regard to the parent’s stability and the personalities of the children. These arguments are based on the perceptions that children need both parents in a bid to obtain gender-inclusive support. In this view, Biblarz and Stacey (2010) state that the society dictates that boys need masculine identity, while girls need to identify with women figures. The societal perceptions seem to argue that children experience poor development in the absence of such identities. Such poor development is characterized by anti-social behaviours, crime, promiscuity, and early pregnancies among other issues. Axinn et al. (2011), acknowledge that it is important to assess gender double standards in parenting patterns to establish whether the societal attitudes are actually true. The authors note that gender variations in social behaviours provide an in-depth understanding of the family structure and children’s upbringing. DeJean et al. (2012) recognizes the relevance of studying the societal attitudes toward single parents as the number of
This paper aims at reaching curriculum developers and educators to bring into focus the need to integrate ICT in the contemporary education system. Introduction Following the currently advancing technology across the world, various strategies have been established to reduce the gaps between Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and education, especially in science education. With the current highly interconnected world, there has been a global need to motivate and involve learners in science-related studies for better future of the current generation (Baer 43). After critical review of various literature materials on science education, the use of ICT in classroom teaching has been found to impacts a lot on the overall motivation of students towards learning. Considering the revealed importance of the use of ICT and digital technology in classroom teaching, there arises great need on integrating classroom experiences with the new technology. Significance of ICT in Education Information and Communications Technology is the strategy of using the current technological means to facilitate effective passage of information from one identity to another. According to Prensky (27), a blend of technology and traditional means of teaching is not only effective but necessary if we are considering the current generation of students. As it has been observed, students in the contemporary society are technologically tuned. Being products of online world, these students are keen to explore new innovations. On this basis, the reflection of these generational changes in classroom pedagogy would enhance more learning, since students would be more interested and motivated. As reported by Robson (33) there has been great need to incorporate into our classrooms the same combination of desirable goals, interesting choices, immediate and useful feedback and opportunities to level up that engage students in their favorite computer applications. By so doing, we will be cultivating and cherishing deeper learning among the students, as they would have high interests in learning using the technological appliances. Involvement of students in discussions in various topics including class activities, curriculum development, teaching method, school organization has been found to be quite important (Prensky 35). This will make the teachers to understand how the students of 21st century i.e. the Digital Natives think. Certainly, this will help the teachers to change in the pedagogy for their students for better learning. Kress (15) considers the use of podcasts, discussion boards and MSN to study and communicate in classroom teaching as an effective strategy, since this will engage students far better than in the previous days. The suggestion made by Stoll et al (20) is very enticing in the sense that, use of ICT in classroom instruction helps to show a new dimension of teaching students with technology and how they impact on the students’ learning outcome would be, if we use technology in different way rather than in the normal manner. As a result, such strategy will help in engaging and motivating students towards science and math.
Introduction The human resource field has gone through considerable evolution since its inception. The importance of this field in the 21 st century cannot be overstated especially with increased competition in the business world. Need to drive up profit margins and retain highly skilled pools of employees have made talent acquisition a top priority for all firms in all businesses. There is consensus among HR professionals that recruitment and selection strategies have a long–term impact on the growth and success of a firm (Gatewood et al 2010, p. 90). There are only few fields where companies look for specific talents and skills. In most companies however, human resource departments often recruit potential employees through an elaborate process that more often than not, is tailored along company requirements. Normally, employers’ major concern is how to land the right employees who will perform optimally to in order to meet both the present and future needs of the company. Nankervis, A. et al defines recruitment as the process through which companies screen and select qualified people for job placement (2009, p. 15). The recruitment and selection process can be classified into two categories, namely external and internal processes. Internal recruitment comes into play when people working in a particular organization are given first priority to apply for vacancy in the organization. Some employers prefer this approach because it is economical in terms of resources and time consumed. External recruitment on the other hand
Introduction In the northeastern state of Ohio in the United States of America lies the vast city of Cleveland. The city was founded in the year 1796 as a major manufacturing center, owing to its strategic location. The city is situated on the shores of Lake Erie and is connected to several canals and railroad lines. This led to its rapid growth into a modern day city. Cleveland boasts of a population of 396,815 as per the 2010 census. It is the 45 th largest city in the USA and the second largest in the state of Ohio (Marshall 89). From the vast nothingness, the city of Cleveland grew rapidly into becoming a manufacturing hub, a business center, an administration center among other socio-economic subsectors that it is known for today. The city enjoys good administration due to the presence of learned leaders. The city of Cleveland has a strong economy that developed gradually with developments in each single subsector leading to the development of a subsequent subsector. Despite the few economic hardships that the city has encountered to this day, the city’s development would well be termed as a success story. Below is a discussion of how this strong economy developed to be what it is today and what the future looks like for its residents. The early Cleveland economy The area that today forms Cleveland city started as a strong economic development in the year 1832 after successful completion of Ohio-Erie canal. This opened the land to its neighbors and the ease of access soon began attracting prospectors. By 1836, the city had grown so steadily that it became a City-state. The city of Cleveland, due to its location, was endorsed as a transportation hub. The Ohio-Erie canal offered a link to the great Lakes and the Erie Canal did a greater job of connecting the City to the Atlantic Ocean. The city was also connected to the Gulf of Mexico via the Mississippi river. Cleveland City served as a major destination for iron ore transported from the mines in Minnesota and the coal that was majorly transported by the rail that connected the city to the neighboring cities. An oil refinery industry was also set up in 1870 and this was just one of the many subsectors that benefited from the ease of access of the city as the oil was imported from the Middle East (Rome 78). By early 20 th century, the city became an important American manufacturing center with automotive manufacturing firms taking the lead. Peerless, Jordan and Winton were among the first automotive companies. With development of such companies, the transport system improved further with roads traversing remote locations in the City. With such a development track, the city of Cleveland was developing at a very high rate that by 1920, it was voted fifth largest city in the Greater American region. The Cleveland economy as it is today The modern day economy of Cleveland is made up of various subsectors that are directly dependent on one another. The successful development of one-subsector leads to the need to have yet anothe
Background Astronomy can be regarded as the science of collecting, systematizing, and deducing valuable information from space data. Most astronomical work is based on the interpretation of large quantities of data collected from space using telescopes. Traditionally, sky observers collected a lot of information which they used to analyze and make conclusions about various space aspects. While traditional astronomy relied on a small number of space objects for studies, modern astronomy rely on large data sets which can map large portions of the universe. Currently, most astronomical work is carried out using advanced equipment such as telescopes, detectors and computers. As a result, large datasets can be produced and analyzed by high-tech computers yielding the desired results. The information collected from the sky by telescope provides a rich and vast source of information that can be used for analysis by experts and students. Normally, computers are used to perform numerical simulations and analyses. However, these large data sources cannot be analyzed properly using simulation alone. Despite the advanced space observatory equipment and computer analysis techniques, there are many technical problems such as wrong visualization and inaccurate numerical simulation. It is therefore necessary that these large datasets are subjected to both observation and computer simulation for accurate results to be generated (Brunner, Djorgovski, Prince, and Szalay 934). This calls for scientists and students to study space images, classify them and make deductions from them (Chaisson and McMillan 5). This is achieved using data mining techniques where students and scientists collect valuable information from various websites, analyze it and make a deduction about the universe. In this project, images from the Zooniverse website were studied, classified and analyzed so as to generate information about universe formation (Zooniverse 1). Research Methods and Activities The website For this project, data was collected from the Zooniverse website. This website contains information about space objects and formations. The website assist scientist and students analyze these formations and recording their deductions. These deductions are then compared with expert findings. The website provides an avenue for mining astronomical data and a platform where the views of different experts can be collected and compared with an individual’s views and analysis. The website allows scientists to participate in different science projects and experiments and record their observations. An overview of the selected project The selected project for this work was “ how do galaxies form ”. This project is based on the galaxy pictures taken by NASA’s Hubble space telescope. This telescope takes thousands of pictures from space. In order for scientist to gain a better understanding of how these galaxies are formed, they must be classified into their respective groups. According to Zooniverse (
Executive Summary A report on the formation of a joint venture between IBG Corporation and Amor Dental Care is given here. The new venture will be known as IBG Amor Oral Care. The purpose of the venture is to develop and market a new brand of toothpaste. The toothpaste will contain a unique whitening agent called Chemical X. The patent for the chemical will be sold to the new venture. The venture will also develop and manufacture other oral care products in the future. Introduction IBG Corporation is a large national fast moving consumer goods company operating in the United States. The main areas of business of the company include toiletries, cosmetics and perfumes. Toiletries include soaps, shampoos, body and hand wash liquids there are separate products targeted at both men and women. The company does not have a strong oral care market and currently has only one product namely different varieties of toothbrush. The company has yet to venture into the highly competitive toothpaste market because of the lack of a good product that can compete with other huge companies that includes multinationals like Colgate Palmolive, Proctor & Gamble and Unilever. Even otherwise IBG operates in a highly competitive market competing with the above mentioned companies. An affiliate of the company named IBG Research has recently made a breakthrough which could be a significant factor for a successful entry into the toothpaste segment. The product named Chemical X has found to have significant whitening properties which can make an impact in the toothpaste market. The company has till now, fought shy of entering this segment, but Chemical X could change that and IBG could enter into it in a big way. The company is planning to purchase the patent from its affiliate and use the product in toothpastes it plans to manufacture. This paper is a feasibility study of the proposal so that it may present its findings before the nest investor meeting. Company and joint venture history IBG Corporation, the parent company was started in 1936 by two brothers named Samuel and Philip Masters. The original factory was a small garage behind their home in Ada, Michigan. Their first product was a shampoo that was sold by them personally. Samuel was in charge of production and his brother in charge of marketing. They started supplying their product in small stores in and around Ada. Soon the quality of the product caught the attention of the public and demand began to grow. They soon ventured into other products and started a proper manufacturing plant on the outskirts of Ada. The company reached the million dollar mark in 1950 and its turnover touched 1 billion by 1995. The current group turnover of the company is 2.5 billion USD. The company has a separate research division called IBG Research which independently conducts research on fast moving consumer goods. This company sells its research products to IBG Corporation, but has the right to sell it to other companies also. IBG Corporation now plans to buy the patent rights for Chemical X and market a range of toothpastes with this chemical as one of the primary
Introduction There is an indication of a warming of the environment. The data shows an increase in the minimum temperatures as well as this is shown by a gradual but consistent change in the average minimum temperatures that have been recorded in most of the latter fifteen years increasing gradually. The rise in the average annual range of temperatures have however shown a more consistent increase over the same period of time. This change in the average annual range of temperatures has been in the form of a decrease. This decrease has led to the difference between the two temperatures to be very slight. The main factor leading to this decrease in the average annual range of temperatures is an increase in the minimum temperatures; this however has not been accompanied by a commensurate increase in the average maximum temperatures. This data therefore agrees with the projections of the theorists. Main body The data shows a gradual decrease in the high precipitation. The decrease in the heavy precipitation is accompanied by an increase in light precipitation over the same period of time. Moderate precipitation recorded an almost steady phase over the same period of time. However there is an overall upward trend of increase in the moderate precipitation. The average annual precipitation however has not been greatly affected. The average annual rainfall experienced is therefore actually in gradual increase. The average annual surplus is also at a steady level. There are no abrupt changes in either direction that were recorded within the period of time under the study. According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2002, the early signs of climate change in global warming include increased heavy down pours. This is not the case in this study since the data shows and increase in average light precipitation as opposed to heavy precipitation. The study therefore differs from the theory in that respect. According to (Tidwell, 2002) the major indicators of global warming are first an increased rate of sea glacial recession. This is also to be followed by an increase in annual evapo-transpiration. The main cause of increased evapo-transpiration is mainly an increasing in the average daily temperatures as well as an increase in the light hours in a day. The increase in the daily temperatures is especially occasioned by the ‘Green house effect’. This therefore causes a rise in average temperatures and hence occasioning rise in the average evapo-transpiration. This is reinforced by the rising of the average minimum daily temperatures. In regards to the surface runoff/ stream flow. Studies have suggested a likely increase in the amount of surface runoff and increased stream flow, (Oxlade, 2002).The reasons attributed to this are mainly stated as two. First, the warming will cause a melting of the glaciers, this will lead to an increase in the water that is running downstream. This therefore automatically leads to a increase in the amount of surface runoff being experienced in a particular place. The second reason is that the symptoms of global warmi
Job Description for a Retail Sales Associate It is generally expected that a sales associate in our retail store will realize that he or she is the face of the store. It is communication with the retail sales associate exactly that shapes to a large extent our customers’ experiences and impressions from buying from us. We recognize the value of this position, which is why we strongly commit to selecting appropriate retail sales associates and expect them to work with dedication. As a retail sales associate, you will:   * Approach our customers to offer your services and help find the products the customers are looking for;   * Explain to our customers the features of products and advise on whether the product is the optimal solution for a customer;   * Identify our customers’ needs and consult them on products that meet those needs the best;   * Provide customers with options, which is why you will be required to be aware of the full selection of products our store offers;   * Explain to our customers the differences among products, which is why you will be required to be familiar with the industry and have knowledge of current trends in fashion;   * Work in a team with other associates, which is why you will be required to demonstrate teamwork skills;   * Ensure that customer satisfaction is high, and customer loyalty is promoted;   * Promote the customer-centered model of service by addressing all the needs a customer may display or have;   * Maintain presentable appearance of products in assigned areas;   * Process payments.   * Occasionally perform additional tasks associated with maintaining the presentable appearance of the store’s selection and bringing items from the stockroom. Your primary external responsibility will be communicating with clients. This part of the job requires sociability, knowledgeability, flexibility, and commitment to customer-centered service. Your internal responsibilities will include working with other retail sales associates and managers, maintaining the area of the store assigned to you, and performing several additional tasks, such as processing payments. Organizational Behavior Modification Plan Major psychological theories suggest that behavior is a function of its consequences (Aronfreed, 2013), which means that behaviors can be modified by applying punishments and rewards. An organizational behavior modification (OBM) plan is essentially a course of action proposed on the basis of the reinforcement theory (Miner, 2015). Such a plan lists measures that need to be taken in the context of employee relations and management to modify certain behaviors in those employees. The proposed OBM plan recognizes four behaviors that are needed for successful performance of a retail sales associate and recommends how they can be achieved. Customer-centered behavior This category includes politeness, prioritizing the needs of a customer, and building a favorable image of the store among cust