Introduction Water is an important resource for the sustainability of human life. Similarly, it supports the socioeconomic development of many countries and helps to maintain healthy ecosystems that nurture life. This important role of water to human and environmental ecosystems has led many researchers to derive a relationship between the sustainability of water resources and urbanization (Issa and Al Abbar 1-3). Similarly, they have linked these two factors with climate change. Although the three variables (sustainability, urbanization and climate change) affect each other, they all fall define two points of one continuum – demand and supply of water. The supply of this precious commodity is mostly affected by the availability of ground and surface water reserves, while the demand is influenced by human factors, such as population growth, industrialization, and urbanization (Yigzaw and Hossain 1). Most of these human factors are intertwined with socioeconomic growth issues and affect the general demand for water. For example, population growth has been linked with rapid urbanization. Similarly, analysts have linked lateral urbanization with an increased strain on environmental resources (Ramadan 179). In the same breadth of analysis, they have associated population density increases with a surge in water demand. The demand for water in many developing countries and cities is multidimensional (Issa and Al Abbar 1-3). The multidimensionality of this resource corresponds with a direct demand for food production and energy. Changes in land use and land coverage patterns have also affected how different countries use their water resources, while climate change has affected the availability of the same resource. However, the role of these factors in influencing the availability of water is characterized by a spatial dependency of water. For example, in some areas, population growth may significantly outpace changes in land use or land coverage, while in others; climate change could overshadow all factors that would affect the availability of water (Issa and Al Abbar 1-3). Economic developments may also have a significant influence on water availability because different economic sectors exert varied pressures on water availability. Globally, researchers estimate that the agricultural sector causes the highest strain on water resources. However, currently, energy is responsible for the highest demand on water resources (Abu Dhabi Food Control Authority). A geological Survey Statistics based in the US affirms these findings after reporting that the agricultural demand for water resources in the US is 32%, while the demand for energy is about 45% (Davies et al. 7348). European studies have also highlighted the precarious situation energy production is in the continent relative to the environmental issues caused by climate change. They show that climate change has increased the vulnerability of energy production by up to 16% (Davies et al. 7348). American studies affirm the problem by presenting a different scenario of the same issue (Schwartz et al. 125). They say that the US population will increase by 30% in the year 2060 and this surge will likely cause a strain on available