ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract This essay focused on research theories. It showed the differences between deductive, inductive, grounded, and axiomatic theories in scientific research. These theories have both strengths and weaknesses, and no single theory is superior to other theories or more valid. Theories and hypotheses differ in several aspects, but they also share a few characteristics. For instance, theories are based on tested evidence while hypotheses are mere suggestions. Finally, study variables remain vital aspects of any scientific research because they are used to measure differences and associations between factors under investigation. Key Differences When conducting research, the fundamental distinction to remember between the inductive and deductive methods is that while the deductive method focuses on evaluating theories, the inductive method concentrates on creating new theories using available data. The deductive approach, as a rule, starts with a hypothesis, while the inductive method will typically rely on research questions to limit the scope of the study (Rubin & Rubin, 2012). For deductive methodologies, the focus is commonly on causality, while for inductive methodologies, the approach is largely centered on investigating new occurrences or analyzing already examined phenomena from an alternate point of view. Additionally, the deductive approach is narrower in scope and is focused on testing or confirming hypotheses (Gay & Weaver, 2011). Inductive methodologies are mostly applied in subjective or qualitative studies, whereas deductive methodologies are more generally used in quantitative studies (Hashemnezhad, 2015). Nevertheless, there are no set specific guidelines and some qualitative studies may have the deductive introduction. One particular inductive method that is habitually alluded to in research writing is the grounded theory, spearheaded by Glaser and Strauss (Gay & Weaver, 2011). Grounded theory alludes to a theory that is formulated inductively from a body of information or data collected and analyzed on a specific research issue. If formulated effectively, this implies the ensuing theory at minimum fits one dataset properly. This appears differently about a theory that got deductively from grand theory without relying on data, and it might thus end up fitting no data in the slightest degree. The grounded theory focuses on a case as opposed to a variable standpoint, even though the difference is almost difficult to draw. This implies to a limited extent that the researcher takes various cases to be wholes, in which the variables associate as a unit to deliver some expected results. A case-based viewpoint usually assumes that variables relate in complex manners. Cases are analyzed based on both variations and similarities to determine casual differences and common factors to demonstrate potential causes and outcomes. Grounded theory is not an alternative to be applied lightly. It requires broad and rehashed scrutinizing through data, investigating, and re-
Problem Definition The main problem for Best Buy as a traditional offline retailer is an inability to increase sale rates compared to online stores. Secondly, the prices in the brick-and-mortar store are usually higher than in online shops due to higher operational costs. As a result, Best Buy’s has less competitive advantages in terms of pricing, and it significantly limits its ability to attract customers. Strategic Initiatives In order to address the pricing problem, Best Buy utilized a pricing-match initiative, which implies the lowering of prices for products that customers may find and purchase elsewhere. Since customers are now able to compare different retailers’ prices through various apps, the permanent price-matching guarantee is an excellent strategic decision because it assures buyers that they made a good purchase at the best price. In other words, such an approach (when implemented consistently and well) adds customer values and makes the store/brand more attractive. Overall, the accent on pricing alterations seems to be a priority for Best Buy because it helps to deal with the biggest challenge it currently faces. However, the offering of exclusive products that are not available online is yet another great possibility for the store to stimulate sales but it is pivotal to make sure those goods are of high quality and demanded. Recommendations Along with price-matching strategy, a good way to increase Best Buy’s competitiveness in the context of quickly expanding online retail market is to focus on its value-creating capabilities and service, in particular. Direct customer interaction is one of the things that purchasers cannot get in online stores and, therefore, it may be recommended for the company to increase the quality of service (namely, purchase assistance, post-purchase support, and so forth) and make it more customer-centered. Additionally, high-quality alternatives to items which Best Buy’s rivals offer and exclusive products should be more diversified, and it is essential to analyze consumers’ interests and preferences in order to provide all-around value for different groups of consumers.
Luis Cernuda is a Spanish poet and literary critic who belongs to the Generation 27. This author’s publications involve a considerable extent of sensibility, nostalgia, as well as expression of pain. The mentioned aspects allow referring Cernuda to the neo-romantic literary movement. Below, the essential principles and features of Cernuda’s works will be discussed, which will show the significance of his writings within the literature scope. The author’s literary style is distinguished by his notable language that is simultaneously cultured and simple, as well as demonstrate good structure (Valente 391). The scholarly dimension, however, does not include Cernuda’s works in a particular literary movement, given considerable differentiation of his literature emphasis throughout the years of activity. Nevertheless, it might be claimed that Cernuda’s dedication to the divine perception of love and continuous expression of loneliness provides the opportunity to refer him to neo-romanticism. Cernuda paid much attention to tradition and originality, which he referred to as the respect and balance of these aspects in his work. It was important for him to respect the traditional and his own, both from Spanish authors and the rest of Europe (Valente 383). That is why in his works, the characteristics of several writers tend to converge. For instance, there is the metric of Garcilaso de la Vega (Cernuda “Historial de un Libro” 1), as well as the development of topics like love and mythology. Juan Ramón Jimenez was also fundamental to his perception of reality and what Cernuda did to suppress the superficial and leave florid rhetoric aside. Finally, the Generation 27 showed him the path to surreal literature. As a poet, Cernuda was an indicator of romance, where his experienced s
The movie Flight is based on a real life story of a United States air crash that took place in 2000. It has been directed by Robert Zemeckis. The starring character is Captain Whip Whitaker a role played by Denzel Washington. In the movie, the pilot is a functional alcoholic who manages to miraculously land a plane that was destined for doom. The cause of the plane crush is said to be either the irresponsibility of the pilot or a technical error. It is for this reason that the N.T.S.B launches an investigation on the condition of the pilot when he was flying the plane. The pilot union representative, Charlie Anderson has full knowledge on the fact that Whip was under the influence of alcohol and cocaine while flying the plane. He however, chooses to make the toxicological report go away and at the same time hires a defense attorney, Hugh Lang who will represent Whip in the N.T.S.B hearing. Charlie together with Hugh take extreme measures in an attempt to ensure Whip does not end up in prison. The endeavors are rendered vain by Whip himself who in the face of impending freedom chooses to own up to his actions and admit his was under the influence of alcohol while flying the plane. This confession earns him jail term which he takes positively. His rehabilitation is evidenced in the fact that he admits to his fellow inmates about not regretting his choice in telling the truth and it is also in jail hat he mends his relationship with his son (Zemeckis, 2012). The main theme in the movie is personal growth. Personal growth is defined as an individual’s ability to demonstrate accountability and responsibility on any actions undertaken. At the same time, the individual should be able to make healthy choices and decisions that contribute to a positive lifestyle. The theme in the movie is further developed not only be the actions of the actors but also through the elements found in the movie. There are two elements in the movie that play a vital role in the development of the theme, these are religion and journey. Throughout the movie, the element of religion is alluded to in a number of ways. Through the use of religious icons like Jesus and Lord, Religious symbols are also evident in physical forms like the church where the plane crushed and the crucifix hung in the co pilot’s hospital room. Finally, there are religious actions like baptism which was disrupted by the plane crush. In the movie, actors that have embraced religion seem to have a positive attitude towards life in that their religion enables them see things clearly and make positive healthy decision. For those characters whose life is in turmoil, religion is seen as the only thing that will help them get out of their miserable life and achieve personal growth (Gross, 2006). The second element that recurs throughout the movie is the journey. The characters that undertaken a journey consciously or unconsciously experiences a change in life. The journey acts like an eye opener where the character is forced to begin a new life. Every indivi
Introduction Mannion (2012) defines a quality system as a kite mark instigated within a service entity to benchmark the service values, ideals, and principles. The CQC published a report on the RUH Bath Trust, registering that the infirmary had annulled several surgical treatments and stalled patients scheduled for therapies. The CQC identified incident reporting, staffing levels and GP surgeries as the pivotal areas for improvement (Care Quality Commission 2014). This paper seeks to determine if indeed the CQC findings are valid and outlines three approaches to executing efficient quality systems. Body Care Quality Commission Reports: To What Extent are Statements within an Investigation True? CQC divulged that RUH’s GP surgeries and clinical audits were below average. Griffiths (2011, p. 10) endorses CQC’s reports remarking that the agency’s statements record substantial information on commendable care amenities for public benefit. Unit 23(1) of The Health and Social Care Act 2008 grants the Commission the jurisdiction to effect hospital inspections, assign warning notices, and fines (Greenfield & Braithwaite 2008). CQC’s reports strive to uphold patients’ rights and ensure they receive optimum medical care and welfare (Mannion 2012). All the same, critics disapprove of CQC’s statements, claiming that the data publication on medics is “crude and misleading” (Furness 2009). Opponents assert that very few surgical errors induce patient deaths, instead attributing institutional failings to the high mortality rates. With reference to Griffiths (2011, p. 12), I regard that the board’s assessments are eligible as the council’s culture is susceptible, considerate, and easily reachable. Identify Quality Systems for Measuring Quality: The Best Approach for the Royal United Hospital (RUH) Enumerated below are performance systems instrumental in estimating the quality of RUH’s services (Greenfield & Braithwaite 2008, p. 177).  1. Consumer Surveys. CQC uses surveys, questionnaires, and interviews to evaluate patients’ experience, feedback, and public contentment.  2. Third-Party Assessments. Examples include peer review, accreditation, and ISO Standards that evaluate conformity to the international yardstick for quality marks.  3. Statistical Indicators. The impact data involved features league tables that function to foster hospital progress, public interest, transparency, and patient empowerment. Analyze Three Approaches Used to Implement these Quality Systems  1. Patient Charters. The UK government publishes patient-themed concessions that execute health education, complaint mechanisms, and care persistence to acquaint patients of their medical rights (Greenfield & Braithwaite 2008, p. 18
Introduction Cloning can be defined as the process of producing an embryo which has similar genes to its parents and implanting it to a surrogate mother. A number of organizations have also given slightly different definitions for cloning. One such definition is that cloning is the preservation of cells in cultures to produce tissues, organs and even embryos (Head, 2010, p. 1). It is a method of reproduction that is viewed as a prospective haven for people with reproduction problems. Cloning has attracted substantial ethics-related questions since its discovery. The first clone was a lamb named Dolly and since its birth, the possibilities and speculations of human cloning has attracted a lot of ethical questions concerning the same. Up to date, the acceptability of human cloning is depended on personal opinion and its applicability is largely based on theory (Head, 2010, p. 1). This is despite the fact that cloning of cells to form tissues has been widely used in therapeutic procedures to treat people in hospital. Let us have a look at the benefits and the disadvantages of cloning. Disadvantages of cloning humans Human cloning has more disadvantages than its benefits. Firstly, it is true that cloning is not in accordance with the Christian faith. Thus Christians, who make the world’s most popular religion, will feel as if they are playing God if they get in
Many companies today are increasingly faced with the problem of determining potential opportunities or threats existing within a market, before the introduction of a new product or service. For this reason, many companies embark on undertaking market research to evaluate the feasibility of a potential market, with regards to the above variables. In this manner, companies can easily establish how potential customers will respond to their future products or services. Certain variables regarding a potential market can be ascertained, and they include: specific market places; the amount of products or services which can be consumed within the given market; and the appropriate marketing mix to be established when introducing new products or services. From this analysis, we see that organizations increasingly need to know information relating to a market’s relevance and reliability, with regards to their product or service offing, but for them to accurately introduce their products in a potential market; they need to have accurate, reliable and valid information relating to the target market (Twedt 2). This process is more important now that the business environment is highly competitive and the cost of doing business is increasing by the day. The importance of sound information relating to market statistics cannot, therefore, be overemphasized. The traditional approach of dealing with potential markets through gut feelings, personal judgment or even intuitions, therefore, does not apply in today’s business environment. Furthermore, company managers are today faced with the problem of making sound decisions regarding their products or services (such as market segmentation, target market selection, the introduction and implementation of marketing programs) but to further complicate the situation, managers are often faced with the dilemma of quantifying the impact of internal marketing strategies, such as price, product, promotion and place, but at the same time, they are also faced with the dilemma of quantifying the impact of external business forces such as economic conditions, technology, legislative changes and such like forces (Twedt 2). For the correct assessment of the marketing environment, and the correct determination of product or service strategies, it is therefore important to carry out a comprehensive market strategy to ascertain the right strategy a company should use to penetrate a given market. This mode of analysis is supported by the DECIDE model, which articulates the managerial decision-making process as a product of six steps. The first step is characterized by the definition of the problem (or opportunity) a given market poses, with regards to the market opportunities several region pose to a company (Twedt 2). The second decision factor is characterized by the identification of numerous alternatives existing, with regards to the product or service strategies to be adopted. These strategies may be based on controllable factors or uncontro
Introduction Sarah J. K Frey, Christopher C. Rimmer, Kent P. McFarland, and Stephane Menu research on the reliability of morphometric (measurement if size and shape) data in determining the sexuality of Bicknell’s Thrushes (type of bird). Bicknell’s Thrush is scientifically classified as Catharus bicknelli . The study focuses on using primary formulae to differentiate between C. bicknelli and the Grey-cheeked Thrushes ( Catharus minimus ). It is interesting to note that the two species cannot be easily differentiated during the non-breeding season because they have the same monomorphic characteristics (sexes are similar in size and plumage). Efforts to understand the biology of Bicknell’s Thrushes have been hampered by the similarity in monomorphic characteristics (Frey et al. 409). Hypothesis Morphometric data from C. bicknelli and C. minimus , specifically primary formulae, can be used to identify the two species and determine the sexuality of C. bicknelli . The research focusses on sexually identifying the male and female Bicknell’s Thrushes, and differentiating the two Cathurus species (Frey et al. 409). Discussion Sampling and Variables The samples used were Bicknell’s and Gray-cheeked Thrushes. The birds were captured with a mist net and banded (tagged at the birds’ feet for research purposes) at known breeding habitats in USA and Canada between May 1993 and September 2007. In the US ( N = 422 ), researchers collected samples in seven sites spread across Vermont, New York, and New Hampshire. In Canada ( N = 199 ), all the twelve sampling sites were situated in Quebec. The ornithologists captured 58 C. minimus from two other sites in the US between in 2007 and 56 more at ten sites in Newfoundland, Canada over a four-year period. The variables under study were tail length, culmen length, wing chord, tarsus length, mass, and sex (Frey et al. 409). Experimental Procedures The researchers examined the sexes of the samples by studying the presence of a cloacal protuberance (storage for sperm in males) or a brood patch (featherless skin in females used to heat eggs during incubation). The researchers differentiated second year (SY) and after second year (ASY) C. bicknelli by the shape of the rectrix feathers and the presence of buffy tips on the covert feathers in some SY birds. The ornithologists sampled Bicknell’s Thrushes over the years because the study was based on long-term mark and recapture data (Frey et al. 409). The main morphometric techniques were Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). The study sampled data using the following primary (p) formulae: (p8-p1), (p8-p1), and (p8-p6). The researchers computed the variable statistics using SAS statistical software (Frey et al. 410). Sex Discrimination of Bicknell’s Thrushes Variables and differences in mean were calculated using a three-way ANOVA for SY and ASY birds. Variations in mean and the correlation between sex and age for C. bicknelli were computed using a two-way multivariate analysis of
Nowadays, many 21st-century managers face such challenges associated with the interaction with employees as diversity, increased collaboration, and the impact of technologies. According to Molinsky, Davenport, Iyer, and Davidson (2012), there are three specific skills that managers need to learn to address these challenges. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the key ideas that are presented by the authors regarding the discussed issue. The first skill that should be developed by managers is the ability to switch codes between cultures while working with diverse employees. According to one of the authors of the article, those managers who have to work with foreign colleagues can lack the developed skill in cultural code-switching associated with changing behavior depending on employees’ cultural norms. If managers lack this skill, they can feel uncomfortable, incompetent, and inauthentic. To cope with this barrier, managers need to identify specific challenges they have about this problem, adapt their behavior, and appreciate the role of code-switching in cooperating with diverse colleagues (Molinsky et al., 2012). Thus, to develop as an effective global leader, a manager needs to address situations that they describe as risky for their identity and competence and evolve skills in cultural code-switching. The second skill described in the article is the capacity to utilize digital resources and online networks. According to two other authors contributing to the article, today managers know