ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Earlier researches have indicated that there is a strong positive correlation between wearing of uniforms and academic performance. Furthermore the use of uniforms has had a control on social behavior. Decency is of the essence for any scholar or even worker. The issue of putting on a uniform in the different spheres of life cannot be underrated, it should instead be taken with due importance. Different countries in the world have their own standardized mode of dressing depending on their cultures, religion or social class. For any successful learning institution, the selection criterion for a uniform is an aspect that should be taken with great consideration. The combination of colors for example, may affect the students’ comfort as well as the public view and perception of the institution (Daugherty 392) The issue of cost should also be put in to check. This is because in many third world countries like Lesotho, it was found that school drop out rate is very high due to the fact that many families cannot afford the high price of uniforms. Other countries have no regard for school uniforms due to their past history. A good example is Italy where children were forced to wear uniforms in and out of school during the Second World War. Behavior and School Uniforms Dropping out and breaking laws tend to be the common responses for students who have negative experiences in school. Schools are supposed to offer a constructive, positive, secure and safe environment for learning. Students should feel protected enough to discover, explore and build up their scholarly and social competencies. There is no conclusive tangible evidence that shows that wearing of uniforms has a direct link to improved performance academically. Nevertheless, there exists evidence of fewer discipline problems and violence among students in countries that have implemented a uniform policy. The school attendance rate is also higher. As mentioned in the introduction school uniforms have had an impact on behavior either positively or negatively. The National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 carried out an experiment on a group of learners. They later carried out a regression analysis and it was found that the correlation was either tending to zero or away from zero (Education Commission of the States: Helping state leaders shape education policy, par 2). Depending on their results uniforms were either encouraged or discouraged. Separate researchers like Oxford University Press however found the opposite as far as behavior was concerned. Diverse Uniform Roles Uniforms have played a major role both physically, behaviorally and socially. Currently a learner in a uniform tends to shun away from misconduct since it is known to the society that he or she is a pupil or learner from a particular institution. Secondly uniforms bring an outward professional or academic impact. Uniforms increase the attention of students in class as they do not concentrate
The Response to Pickering’s Article The main argument Pickering (2005) makes in his article is that recent breakthroughs in technology studies and science have the potential to become close to environmental studies. In particular, the author talks of a “certain posthumanist perspective” on the connection between people and things (Pickering, 2005, p. 29). According to the scholar, such a relation may be converted easily from speculating on people and machines to reflecting on people and the environment. To bear on the argument, Pickering (2005) suggests examples from other scholarly works. For instance, to explain what happens when the human and the nonhuman are analyzed at once, he offers a quotation from Marx who wrote that “production not only creates an object for the subject but also the subject for the object” (as cited in Pickering, 2005, p. 31). Another piece of evidence is the mentioning of Fleck’s book focused on the “reciprocal tuning” of people and things” (Pickering, 2005, p. 31). Finally, a large part of Pickering’s article is dedicated to the explanation of Asian eels’ effect on global warming. Thus, although there is no factual or statistical evidence in the study, the author employs many sources to prove his point. Pickering (2005) is not refuting an earlier theory or position. Rather, he is suggesting a new one: the combination of natural and social sciences with the aim of investigating the relation between people and things. The piece is very informative, and the idea that attracted my attention most of all was temporal emergence. I agree with Pickering (2005) that the combined study of social and natural sciences can promote the understanding of fundamental processes taking place in the world. The Response to Ritvo’s Article The main point made by Ritvo is that humans have limits and limitations, which means that the author is defending the post-humanist theory. To bear on the argument, Ritvo (2009) starts with suggesting definitions of the terms “human” and “humanist” from the most respectable dictionaries. Then, the author offers numerous examples from scholarly sources to explain her opinion. For instance, Ritvo (2009) mentions the works by Linnaues (Swedish taxonomist), Darwin, and others. In her article, Ritvo (2009) refutes the position of Raymond Williams, who included the word “humanity” in his collection of brief essays on the most common terms. Ritvo (2009) remarks that Williams “took the limits of the human for granted” (p. 69). Meanwhile, the author is convinced that boundaries between humanity and its adjoining categories are
This paper is aimed at showing that modern families become more vulnerable because they cannot derive proper support from the community. In many cases, people do not know how to cope with various stressors that they can face daily. In this context, the stressor can be viewed as every environmental factor that leads to anxiety, exasperation, or irritability. Moreover, the environment includes external forces factors that shape the experiences of a person. For instance, it is possible to distinguish such factors as work, infrastructure, mass media, peer pressure, and so forth. Therefore, it is necessary to create organizations that can make families more resilient to external stressors. These are the main questions that should be discussed more closely. The experiences of families profoundly depend on the environment in which they live, and in many cases, the influence of external factors is very adverse. One should keep in mind that some communities do not have the necessary infrastruc
Over the years, the US population has undergone through a rapid population growth. In 2011 the population of the US was estimated to be around 312,313,000, with a majority of the population living in the cities and suburbs. The urban dwellers made up 82% of the entire population. In terms of geographical disparities, the population survey revealed that cities had high population than the rural areas, which were uninhabited. This paper will try to explain the factors that have contributed to the rapid American population growth rate in relation to social, economic and political aspects in regard to demographic change. In addition to this, the paper will examine how migration has influenced the American population (Dernbach and Environmental Law Institute 98). According to the Census Bureau of America, the population has increased dramatically since the enactment and implementation of the immigration and nationality act of 1965. It was estimated that around that time, the number of legal immigrants entering the United States was a quarter of a million per annum. By 1990, the figures had quadrupled to about one million immigrants per year. It is prudent to mention that the majority of the immigrants came from the South American countries. In connection to the Latin American immigrants, the census conducted by the Census Bureau in 2008-2009 established that in terms of birth rate, the number of children born in the United States belonging to the minorities constituted 48.6% forming the bigger chunk Causes of increased population growth rate in America There are various factors that have contributed to the population explosion in America. One of these factors is increased food production. It is estimated that after the World War II the world faced a recession in its economy especially in Europe. Availability of processed goods reduced drastically and precipitated the need by these countries to look to other countries for its raw materials. America benefited from this scarcity by increasing land under cultivation, this undertaking did not only prove profitable in the economic sense, but also affected its population growth on a positive scale where the growth rate doubled from the census conducted in the 1900. It is believed that a society that is food sufficient is able to increase numerically. The continued influx of immigrants, both legal as well as illegal, continues to be a major contributor to population growth rates. The United States of America has remained to be the most preferred immigration destination due to the better economic opportunities it offers to its populace. Whereas the government of the United States of America has put elaborate measures to ensure that it controls legal immigration, the existence of the black market has aided the illegal immigrants to sustainably thrive in the country. As noted by Kandel, (64), some unscrupulous business men opts to employ this illegal immigrants for some manual j
Homosexuality is defined as a sexual attraction among two or more people of the same sex. For a long period, homosexuality has been taken negatively by some individuals and groups like churches. However, some have been supporting it. I have a positive attitude about homosexuality due to some reasons which I am going to discuss in this paper. The people who are homophobic are like that because they do not understand the issues and reasons about homosexuals; just because they are ignorant. Homosexuals should not be singled out in society because everyone is different due to different backgrounds, traditions, customs, likes, and dislikes. If one was raised in an environment whereby it’s normal to love any person despite sex, ethnicity or beliefs then his/her decision should be respected. For anyone still who has a different perspective about loving such that, its only people of different sex who should love each other, they as well need to be respected. Therefore, people should not be homophobic but should try as much as possible to learn and understand the reasons as they interact with these people. Heteronormativity claims that there is only one normal sexual orientation only between a man and a woman, thus encouraging only a love relationship between a man and a woman. In some countries like Greece several cases of gays wedding have been witnessed, this country has been considered as a homosexual native country. Homosexuality has always existed in many countries the problem is only that it has not been legalized. Several cases of heterosexual divorces have been reported implying that there are some shortcomings and challenges in the so-called normal heterosexual relationships. The same case applies to homosexuality and still with some people living together for a lifetime. Homosexuals should by all chance be given their rights and not discriminated against from anything due to their love status. Being gay is trying to do the best which their lives can offer to them. In some cases, young people who are homosexuals are mostly related to self-destructive behaviors such as high rates of suicide and alcohol abuse but on the other hand, these behaviors are also observed with other youths. Most people consider homosexuals as abnormal, dirty, and disgusting because of their behaviors, but even the other heterosexuals’ youth are in some cases involved with other disgusting and dirty behaviors. This gives a clear reason why homosexuals should not be eyed as dirty people. An LGBT therapist is a network of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender social service and mental health workers and their friends. They specialize in providing an opportunity for professional and social support, exchanging resourc
Two major approaches to risk assessment (RA) exist: qualitative and quantitative (Kliem & Richie, 2015). The qualitative method implies evaluation of risks, their interactions as well as assessment of their probability and impact. One of the major goals and benefits of the approach is the possibility to prioritize risks. Quantitative approach implies weighting value of risks and their interactions as well as assessment of outcomes that are manifested in “financial terminology” (Kliem & Richie, 2015, p. 82). This enables managers to evaluate possible contingencies to the budget or time frames. Quantitative analysis is often more detailed, and it is more appropriate when the estimation of risk’s overall effects on the project is necessary.  1. The organization should undertake a number of steps to ensure RA is appropriate. The first step is to identify threats and hazards to critical operations (Engelmann & Henderson, 2011). Managers should focus on the most relevant risks. After that, it is necessary to determine and evaluate controls. Controls are procedures that minimize the probability of transitioning through the entire chain of the risk event aimed at mitigating the risk impact. The next step is to evaluate event probabilities and the potential impact. It is also essential to identify a risk measure through a combination of impact and probability. The final stage is prioritizing risks.  2. Managers can estimate probability with the help of qualitative or quantitative analysis. In terms of the former, the probability valuation can be high, medium, low. This type of analysis is instrumental in prioritizing. Whereas, quantitative analysis implie
Introduction This report is designed to provide a detailed description of an event plan. In particular, the even chosen for the analysis is a wedding that will be held in Ayia Napa, Cyprus. Apart from the location, the wedding has several different peculiarities (it is vegetarian, spiritual, environmentally conscious, and relatively small). The present report will cover such aspects of the event as its objective, vision, location, transportation, staging, menu, staffing, entertainment, and media. The report will concern the work breakdown for the event, task responsibility, budget, accommodations and invitations, and the overall implementation and management. Event Objective The objective of this event is to deliver a pleasant and effortless celebration in a light and nurturing atmosphere taking into consideration the special preferences of the target audience. The desired location is a hotel in Ayia Napa, Cyprus, at the end of spring. The major issues are the transportation of the guests, their placement in the hotel, the selection of the hotel, and its readiness to host a wedding matching the unique requirements of the planned event. Event Vision The wedding is expected to be held in a relaxing, peaceful, spiritual, and nurturing atmosphere, with the corresponding types of music (meditative, singing bowls, spiritual, and calming). The expected entertainments would include a collective meditation, group singing, and versatile rituals and blessings. Design Objectives of the Event Experience In order to create the required calming and relaxing atmosphere, the planners should avoid using balloons and artificial flowers. Instead, light and flowing fabrics and ribbons of versatile colors can be used to decorate the space along with colorful lights; the guests could sit on the floor pillows and enjoy their meals served on the low tables. The menu should include only organic ingredients, no animal products, and no alcohol. The wedding ceremony would be held at the beach (this is why only beach hotels should be reviewed as suitable locations), and the celebration can take place either inside or outside in a banquet area. Work Breakdown Work breakdown structure of an event is created to “decompose” the flow of tasks and categorize them into measureable goals; this approach allows creating a precise schedule and predicting the resources required at every stage of the event planning (“Plan and schedule development,” 2008). Below is the graph presenting different segments of work that need to be taken care of as the event is planned. Each of the categories includes several tasks that are also listed in the graph. Task Responsibility Wedding Coordinator The wedding coordinator is in charge of the vast majority of preparations consulting the bride and groom as to their tastes, preferences, and budget limitations. Bride and Groom The bride and groom are responsible for such important aspects of a wedding as dates, guest list and invitations, wedding rings, location, budget, design and theme, entertainment, and menu. Maid of Honor and Best Man The maid of honor and best man take
Summary The author of the article called A LEED-Inspired Model for Landscapes , Robert Nieminen explores the environmental issues related to the design of landscapes. The author begins by making a statement that LEED rating and certification systems facilitated a significant improvement in the sphere of buildings design forcing the constructors to adopt more sustainable practices, reduce the amount of waste, and fight the high levels of emission (Nieminen par. 1-3). These changes are recognized as highly beneficial for the society as well as the environment that is already undergoing a potentially dangerous climate change. A rating system similar to that of LEED is now created for the landscape design; it is called the Sustainable SITES Initiative and administered by the same agency that implements LEED (Nieminen par. 4). SITES shares its point-based framework with LEED; practically, the projects are to match a list of requirements for which they are given points; the number of points collected by a project defines whether or not it will be certified (Nieminen par. 6-7). This strategy is effective because the criteria for points are selected specifically to make the projects aim for the best sustainable practices. Besides, it is applicable to the sites of many different kinds such as open space (national parks, city parks), urban (streetscapes), or professional and residential (homes, offices, infrastructure) (Nieminen par. 7). The landscapes designed with the help of this system are sustainable, functional, and regenerative. The projects are rated according to about 50 different categories and can earn as many as 200 points; the number of points indicates the effect a project produces on the environment in terms of restoration and protection of the natural resources, eco-systems, resiliency and regeneration (Nieminen par. 11). A single project may even qualify for both SITES and LEED systems if it combines landscapes and buildings (Nieminen par. 12). The sites certified by these systems turn out rather beneficial in terms of sustainability, human health, consumption of running water and electricity, opportunities for recreational activities, and the quality of air (Nieminen par. 13). In addition, the project officials anticipate the improvements in the certified sites’ maintenance and operations (though, unfortunately, there is not enough data to calculate them precisely at the moment) (Nieminen par. 14). The Initiative’s Relevance to Facilities Management In terms of the benefits for the Facilities Management, the systems such as LEED and SITES are rather beneficial. The primary advantage of these certification frameworks is that they successfully combine the criteria for the environmental sustainability and those for functionality
The criminal justice system is comprised of five components. They include the following; law enforcement authorities, courts, prosecutors, defence attorneys and correctional facilities (Dunn 2008). They work together to make sure public policy set up by the government is achieved. Police pursuits fall under the law enforcement component. The policy of the law enforcement agencies is to protect lives of citizens by practicing safe and reasonable solutions towards potentially dangerous situations. Whenever a police tries to stop a motorist and the motorist decides to disobey the order of the police officer and evades, the police can initiate a pursuit. However, to initiate a pursuit the police officer is to follow a strict policy that has been established. The policy ensures that the police officer, the offender and the public lives are not endangered during a pursuit (Dunn 2008). Safety should be of paramount importance. Recent research shows that the general public face the highest risk whenever a pursuit is initiated. In this regard, if a police officer finds that by engaging a pursuit he or she will put the general public at risk, then the law enforcement officer should consider letting the offender escape. The other policy a law enforcement officer should consider is how severe the offense is. There is no need of initiating a pursuit when a minor offense has been committed. This does not mean the offenders will be let free. A follow up investigation will be carried out and the culprits will be arrested and charged. It is also a policy that during these situations the police officers should keep a calm head (Dunn 2008). They should avoid getting frustrated and remember to put the safety of the pubic first. The other policies put in place to ensure public safety is upheld include, channelling the pursuits to narrow unused roads, alarming other police officers and putting up road blocks at strategic locations. These policies have been put in place to ensure that the safety of all the involved parties is not put at risk. The law enforcers have been limited by these policies on how to handle pursuits. To put an end to this life endangering situation the government has come up with various legislations. If found guilty an offender will be liable to pay huge amounts in the form of fines imposed or serve very long sentences (Dunn 2008). This is aimed at putting an end to this menace. Reference Dunn, W. N. (2008). Public policy analysis: an introduction . Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall