ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The United States Congress is composed of four hundred and thirty-five members of the House of Representatives and one hundred members from the Senate. It should be noted that Congress is a bicameral system composed of the Senate and the House of representatives. Congress has the duty of representing local interests while at the same time looking into national interests. It does this by carrying out legislation or by shaping public policy. Several issues fall in this bracket. Congress is authorized to make policies on the budget through decisions on taxes, excises, and imports. Sometimes, Congress may borrow money on behalf of the country from foreign nations. Its roles include making rules concerning national defense where they can declare war or decide how the army will be maintained. Additionally, this body is in charge of the establishment of courts or any other measures that are deemed necessary in the running of the country. Some of the issues that are affected include patents, copyrights, and roads (US Congress, 2011). The structure of Congress in terms of the committee structure highly depends on the kinds of legislation being passed. Lobbyists often introduce a bill and this is examined by a committee initially. The rules committee operates in the House of Representatives and ensures that certain rules are followed in lawmaking. Similarly, a standing-rules committee is responsible for the same functions in the Senate. Standing committees then come in during lawmaking as these committees are often responsible for specialized subjects. Sometimes this committee may carry out its mandate by involving the public. Congress is related to the President because it is one of the three branches of government so it must work hand in hand with the executive branch to govern the nation. Congress is in charge of investigating the executive. This duty was witnessed during President Nixon’s government when parliament investigated him in the Watergate scandal. It can therefore be said that it plays an oversight role. This branch may impeach a head of state if investigations are incriminatory. Natural monopoly problem This is a case where the biggest supplier in any industry has huge cost advantages over and above his potential competitors or existent competitors. Such trends are common in industries that are capital intensive such as the electricity industry or water and sewerage services. Industries that have such huge infrastructural costs will have huge barriers to entry. Once one firm has managed to enter such a market then it will have huge economies of scale and this will prevent other companies from entering the market. A company will be called a natural monopoly when the concerned corporation can supply the entire market after considering the costs of production. This phenomenon emanates from the relatively low marginal costs (Sharkey, 1982). Natural monopolies may be manifested in industries that offer services that are a social necessity. Examples here include water and sewage. Most private firms are not attracted to these industries because they require the establishment of networks. Therefore, because the service is vital then a
Introduction Economic reasoning is an important skill both for running a business and making everyday decisions. Thus, understanding basic economic principles is an important element of contemporary life. The following paper provides an overview of a number of economic concepts and outlines the areas where they can be applied in a real-world setting. Describe one recent choice you made and explain the logic of your decision-making process In late 2017, I became interested in the cryptocurrency market. This was not the first time I heard about it – however, in all previous cases, the information came from sources that portrayed the phenomenon in a negative light. As a result, I was convinced that the entire thing was either a Ponzi scheme or, at the very least, a tool for making illegal transactions. Upon investigating the topic for some time, I was fascinated by the long-term economic and social implications of the technology behind it and decided that it was here to stay (and appreciate). As a result, I have decided to look into the opportunity of buying some of these currencies as a long-term investment. After further inquiry, it became clear that even the people who strongly supported the idea were cautious in making recommendations regarding the investment and warned against spending more than one can afford to lose. However, it also looked like an attractive concept, especially considering the impressive growth demonstrated by the market in the past. After assessing all possible scenarios, I have decided to buy some of the currencies. The rationale for my decision can be boiled down to the following statement. In the best-case scenario, I will derive significant marginal benefits. In the worst-case scenario, I will lose all of the invested money (which, in accordance with the advice, will not exceed the amount I am ready to lose). In the most basic terms, the opportunity cost of being able to buy a Lamborghini, in this case, is preserving the sum allocated for sunk costs (the purchasing of an asset) (Colander 9). Admittedly, the current situation on the market is more consistent with the worst-case scenario. Nevertheless, from my perspective, the estimated opportunity costs are still worth holding to my investment in the long run, which I intend to do. Identify and describe one microeconomic and one macroeconomic issue. Explain why you consider the issue micro or macro A recent macroeconomic issue selected for discussion is the record low of lob index observed in a small busine
Personality: Stacy’s Case Study According to Sullivan, the structure of the personality comprises of interpersonal events and interpersonal behavior. In this regard, the theory perceives personality as a theoretical entity. Personality is a component of the interpersonal situation and interpersonal behavior. For Stacy, the tribulations of her family affected her personality in many ways. The father left the responsibility of bringing up children to the mother. Children did not have a father figure in the family, which affected the personality of Stacy (Funder, & Ozer, 2010). Stacy struggled to satisfy people in her life because her parents never showed her love. During the juvenile era, Stacy went through a difficult process of forming friendships with peer groups. Sigmund Freud termed the stage as the latency stage or school-age stage, which is between six and twenty years. The main task of an individual is to develop a personality that is related to the industry. Stacy suffered from an inferiority complex because she could not make decisions on her own decisions. During the pre-adolescence stage, which is a stage between nine years and twelve years, Stacy was expected to develop relationships with other girls of her age. However, she could not because she felt a sense of worthlessness. This affected her personality because she participated in activities suggested to her by friends, irrespective of whether the activities were legal or illegal. During the early adolescence stage, Stacy was supposed to form lasting relationships with members of the opposite sex, as well as members of her sex. However, this did not take place because she ended up being promiscuous. During late adolescence, Stacy failed to establish strong links and relationships with men and women. This explains why she could not last in any intimate relationship. During the stage, the main task of the individual is to develop ego identity and try as much as possible to prevent ego confusion. At the stage, Stacy should have identified her role in society and discover her position as a woman. Stacy could not appreciate the fact that she had a role to play in society. She hated herself because she was unable to establish a friendship. Friendship is something that is earned over time meaning that it is not given as Stacy thought. This affected her personality because she ended up performing duties suggested to her by friends. It placed her in a precarious position since her friends could easily use her to fulfill their interests. For Stacy, the main task at the adulthood stage was to achieve a reasonable degree of intimacy and prevent isolation. Intimacy is the ability to form a close and meaningful relationship with another person as a lover or a friend. At this stage, Stacy became promiscuous because she became intimate too easily. It affected her personality because she engaged in sex with any person who came around. It is dangerous to the reputation and the health of an individual
Due to its geographic location and historical background, Cuba had had a unique status for decades (Randolph 1900). For many years, the island played (and, in a way, continues to play) a significant role in colonial and later imperialist games on the part of the world’s most powerful countries. The United States had a particular interest in Cuba, that began with the Spanish-American War in the late 19th century, and then continued during the Cold War. Cuba repeatedly was under American occupation at the end of the 19th century and during the first quarter of the 20th century. A historical overview of these occupations, their causes and circumstances will allow an understanding of why the United States found it difficult to end the occupation in Cuba. The American occupation of Cuba started in 1899. Before 1898, Cuba belonged to Spain, but it was ceded to the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War (Offner & Smith 1996). Randolph (1900, p. 353) argued for “a right understanding of the position of Cuba and the responsibilities of the United States in its regard.” The notion of “responsibilities” was to signify the political and military interest of the United States government in occupying Cuba and imposing its policies on the island. From 1899 to 1903, Cuba was governed by American generals. Wood (1903, p. 153), who served as the military governor of Cuba at the time, declared that “the purpose of the Military Government was to prepare the people of Cuba for self-government and to establish conditions which would render the establishment of a Cuban republic possible and its orderly and successful maintenance probable.” The first issues that the American government had to deal with in the occupied territory involved addressing starvation and widespread diseases such as yellow fever. Yellow fever is highly infectious, and an epidemic had unfolded to the extent that “the city and surrounding country was full of sick Spanish soldiers, starving Cubans and the sick of [the American] army” (Wood 1903, p. 153). Besides the most urgent task of feeding the starving and taking care of the sick, General Wood also pointed out the necessity to reform the regulatory system, law enforcement and courts. Necessary changes included stabilising the distribution of food and medicine, creating effective municipal authorities and empowering the legal system to ensure the normal functioning of the state. However, all actions taken by the occupational government were complicated by the fact that people in Cuba spoke Spanish, while very few American military men and officials on the island could speak it. The state of the society in Cuba
Introduction To further tap on the value of land and, improve the quality of urban functions and the environment at large, the city meeting held recently proposed urban construction development for the next three to five years. Renovation of the Gangxia River Park Area is among the five proposed regeneration projects. Gangxia River Park is located in the Southern corner of Futian District, Shennan road, south side, Fuhua third road, north side, near the crystal island, the community centre, the axis of the east-central area of South Africa and the most important area of the urban landscape. This accounts for a central land area of about 9% of Shenzhen city, which is one of the most representative of the old village. Gangxia River Park is the central area of construction and development in the city. The main aim of this is to bring urban area renewal opportunities to Shenzhen city. Gangxia River Park Area improvement project entails demolition scope of the transformation of 235,500 square metres, renovation and construction land area of 161,900 square metres. The construction period is about five to six years with a total investment of 9.2 billion and the “second five” plans to invest 7.0 billion during the period. The rationale for the regeneration of Park Area River Gangxia in Shenzhen city The regeneration of Park Area River Gangxia is a strategic move because once this project is completed, will become a unique, high-quality support area and the urban vitality of the central business district of Shenzhen city. According to experts, the five noted areas including the Gangxia River Park Area largely contribute to the dirty and messy concentrated villages. When these renewal projects will be completed, the entire region will transform into a new urban complex and liveable community. Land values and environmental quality will appreciate and the city will become a new bright spot of urban development, In the last three years of reform and opening up, Shenzhen has shined in the history of the world’s urban development, but it makes use of so many land resources. At present, the city has limited land area for building at its disposal and scattered distribution. This has led to acute problems of space and unsustainable land resources. Urban renewal has become a practice that promotes the construction of urban space and speeds up strategic optimisation hence promoting sustainable economic development of the city. The film district, Shenzhen most important part of the axis is the largest village in the city area. Gangxia Creek Park improvement project is the most difficult transformation in Shenzhen city. The project requires the highest construction standards, yet it is the city’s most affected reconstruction project. Transformation is inevitable to the Gangxia Area Park project if the city is to achieve international standards. The transformation is important due to historical reasons,
Penfolds is a winemaker operating in Australia and has its headquarters in Melbourne. This company was created in 1844 by Christopher Rawson Penfold and has a significant market share in the Australian market. The founder was initially a physician who made wine for medicinal assistance. Over its years of growth, this corporation has developed significant collaborations. For example, it partnered with American airline Boeing to celebrate its 100 th anniversary. Moreover, it has collaborated with National Geographic to uncover stories behind rare wines, and it has also won various international awards. In essence, it is considered one of the best wineries in Australia. Penfold’s recommended approach to selling wine in the United States is by incorporating an importer and distributor approach for several reasons. The preferred merchant would be Southern Glazer’s Wine and Spirits. This company is based in the U.S. and is considered one of the largest, with operations in more than 44 American states. Moreover, in 2016, this corporation managed to transport more than 150 million cases of wine (Gilinsky et al., 2018). It also has an excellent call capacity accompanied by an exceptional product experience and customer satisfaction. Southern Glazer also has a diverse cultural marketing team which makes it a preferred choice. Having selected the potential distributor, Southern Glazer’s Wines and Spirits, Penfolds will sell its wine cases to the merchant. Therefore, the distributor will be responsible for promoting these products in the United States to attract supermarkets, retailers, and restaurants. This process is beneficial to Penfolds because distributors facilitate international market penetration. Moreover, the US merchant
Introduction The case under analysis illustrates different causes of legal action, arising out of various situations. It is possible to single out several ones, for instance, trespassing, defamation, product negligence, violent assault, unpremeditated murder, and many others. Certainly, not all hypothetical lawsuits are likely to succeed because many of them may not be sufficiently grounded. Occasionally, the fact of misdemeanor is impossible to substantiate. The examples, which will be discussed in this paper, are entirely hypothetical yet, there are very widespread in modern practice. Moreover, they may be disputed for a very long period of time. This is why it is vital to overview probable solutions to these problems. Main body For instance, Labory hurts himself during one of his experiments with the toaster. In particular, he tried to cook a chicken on this device this lead to injury. In theory, Labory can sue the manufacturer (G
Introduction Weight loss is the act of engaging in a number of activities, including body exercises and dieting, in a bid to reduce body mass. This is normally done by obese people whose weight causes a lot of discomfort. Obesity may at times result to detrimental diseases like heart illnesses. This paper is aimed at explaining the science behind weight loss and the recommended procedures one should take while going through this process. Quite a number of people go on diets, and take food supplements so as to lose their excess weight and achieve a desirable body weight and shape. Apparently, many of these people do not know or understand the manner in which the weight loss mechanism actually works. Consequently, many of them end up with unsatisfactory results due to their ignorance about the matter (Ratcliffe 134). Dieting and random body exercises do not comprehensively facilitate weight loss if the concerned party is completely unaware of the science behind it. In fact, this notion should be scrapped off people’s minds because it is misleading. If one is serious about losing his or her weight, it is imperative that they understand that weight loss process is no work of magic. A healthy diet and exercise routine must be planned in correlation to specific body needs. In order to do so, it is essential to acknowledge the scientific mechanism of weight loss. This will then play an imperative role in enabling one to plan accordingly. According to a deeper scientific knowledge on metabolism, body weight is determined by energy intake on one hand, and energy expenditure on the other. Body weight loss is, therefore, a reduction of the total body mass. From the two statements, we can deduce that an energy intake lesser than energy expenditure of the body unavoidably causes a decrease of adipose tissues. An adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue that naturally stores excess energy in the form of fat in the body. Since a decrease in body fat is always accompanied by a decrease in lean body mass, it is important to note that this simple theory can be used to reduce body weight inconsiderate of the age or gender of the victim. Reduced body fats, therefore, results to a decrease in body weight and vice versa (Ratcliffe 84). Those who are intending to lose their weight have to take into consideration a number of scientific theories. For instance, energy required by the body
Summary of the Supplier Responsibility Information for Delta   * The company is devoted to the highest ethical conduct, safety, environmental protection, and customer service standards.   * Delta has a well-developed Supplier Code of Conduct (“Delta Air Lines,” n.d.).   * Suppliers are required to adhere to every jurisdiction’s legal stipulations, promote human and labor rights.   * Provide a healthy and safe workplace environment, and integrate sustainable environmental measures in their operations. Supplier Code of Conduct, Ethics, and Social Responsibility   * Legal compliance: Ensures that the organization and its suppliers adhere to legitimate obligations.   * Labor and human rights: Ensure they promote society’s economic and social well-being.   * Health and safety: Underscores their value for human life, integrity, fairness or equal treatment, and excellence.   * Environment: Emphasizes Delta’s commitment to safeguarding the environment.   * Supplier diversity: Ensures that suppliers reach out to the minority communities.   * Data privacy and information security: Guarantees suppliers’ proper data storage operations.   * Reporting accuracy: Emphasizes the significance of data accuracy in enhancing passenger safety.   * Safeguarding intellectual property: Delta has instituted programs to ensure controls and policies related to this element are enforced. Delta’s Stance   * Empowering workers: Delta perceives employee empowerment as an integral approach that increases employee motivation and creativity.   * Human rights and labor: The organization condemns all types of human rights infringements.   * Health and Safety: Delta recognizes the significance of providing and sustaining a healthy and safe workplace.   * Environment: Delta is dedicated to conserving the environment. Delta committed 1 billion USD to alleviate all emissions from its international business (“Connecting global communities,” 2018).   * Accountability: Delta addresses poor performance, sets smart goals with workers, and monitors their progress. Ways the Company’s Code of Conduct has Changed Over the Last Year   * Delta’s conduct code has not undergone any significant changes. Delta’s Supplier Conduct Code and Social Responsibility   * Legal compliance ensures that the organization, and its suppliers, operate ethically to meet the required legitimate obligations.   * Labor and human rights stipulations help safeguard and promote economic and social well-being.   * The health and safety stipulations help to promote workers’ health and improve the workplace