ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Naked and the Dead is a novel written by Norman Mailer in 1948. The story narrates the conflict between Americans and the Japanese that took place on the fictional island named Anapopei during World War II. The real events of the island invasion are described in the book through the vision and thoughts of the main characters. It is also based on the real experience of the author during his service as a cook when the Philippines Campaign was happening. The novel is about a platoon that included fourteen people and describes their lives, identities, cultural differences, and relationships at the time of war. Main body The story was first published after the war ended in 1948, and narrates about real events of the Second World War (Maiter 28). The novel consists of four parts, where each of them raises the important social and historical problems of that time. The first part is called Wave, where all the characters are introduced to the reader as the naval bombardment is happening, and all the men go to the invasion shore to attack the Japanese (Maiter 68). The key figure in this chapter is Hennessey, who is a frightened young soldier terrified of killing and being hurt (Maiter 68). This part of the book reflects the reality of the event during the Philippines Campaign. The Wave ends with the death of Hennessey, which was the first death of the troop and had a crucial effect on his comrades. In this chapter, the author shows that the historical chronology of events does not reflect the spirit of the war; it also does not let people understand what soldiers experience when they are fighting against the enemy and are trying to survive (Maiter 52). Moreover, the fact that the first part of the novel ends with one of the main characters passing away reflects the situation of that time and those circumstances of the war. Books on history do not
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury follows the steps of a narrative structure. The typical structure of a story includes exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Ray Bradbury includes all of these steps in his short story making it possible to trace the development of the plot from the beginning until the end. The plot revolves around a fireman named Guy Montag and his choices. The actions of Montag and the changes in his view of the world mark the transition between elements of the story narrative structure. Analysis In the exposition of the story, Guy Montag is introduced as a typical fireman of his time. The description of his pleasure at the sight of the burning fire, his actions, and the results of his doings speak strongly about a prominent change in the society of the future outlined by Bradbury. The exposition is presented by emotions and thoughts of the main character, and his interactions with other characters. Therefore, the place of action remains unspecified. By this ambiguousness, the author underlines that the latitude and longitude are not important. He describes the situation that can develop in every place in the world. The dialogue between Guy Montag and Clarisse McClellan presents information about the world they live in comparing it with the reality of Ray Bradbury. The introduction of Clarisse McClellan serves as a preface for the rising of action (Bradbury 4). Her questions disturb Guy Montag’s view of the world. Being a man of action, he is not used to analyzing his doings. Clarisse makes him question his happiness
Introduction Angel Ahrendts is an American business leader who serves as Apple Inc’s Vice President of Retail and Online Sales. She was the CEO of Burberry for eight years and had tremendous impact on the company’s growth (Wiggins par2). Ahrendts has been named among Forbes’s most powerful women in the world owing to her great influence in the American and global business arenas. She is famous for her leadership and communication style that is characterized by energy, availability, belief in teamwork and the power of intuition. Her leadership philosophy is based on the power of human energy in transforming both people and organizations. Leadership Style One of the most evident qualities of Ahrendt’s leadership and communication style is her positive energy that inspires employees to be more productive and creative (Wiggins par4). Another benefit of positive energy is that it enables her to make tough decisions. For instance, her former company (Burberry) was in the verge of collapsing owing to the effects of financial ripples caused by Lehman Brothers. Angela’s response was to reduce the company’s expenses through delays in product launches, elimination of employee bonuses, and reduction of corporate budgets (Little par6). These decisions were unpopular with employees. However, she was able to convince them that the decisions were the only approaches that would guarantee the company’s stability. Her communication style is characterized by strong listening skills and empathy (Wiggins par5). Ahrendts holds regular meetings with employees and listens to them without interrupting. Her communication skills are enhanced by her ability to keep eye contact with a speaker. In addition, her communication style is characterized by emotional intelligence and inspirational speeches that motivate employees and make them feel valued and respected (Little par7). Her positive energy inspires employees to be better and as such increase their creativity and productivity. Ahrendts creates positive energy at the workplace by encouraging team work, leading by example, and embodying organizational values in her leadership (Korn par5). She is great a communicator who creates positive energy among employees by consistently communicating organizational goals and listening attentively without being overbearing. Her open interactions with employees and breathtaking humility are traits that make her an inspirational leader (Little par9). In an interview with Financial Times , Ahrendts revealed that communicating her gut feeling and instincts is an important aspect of her leadership style ( Angela Ahrendts, Burberry CEO ). It makes her make decisions faster and handle tough situations effectively. She admitted that the greatest mistake that a leader can make is to disregard instincts, fail to listen attentively, and disregard the importance of teams in attaining desired outcomes ( Angela Ahrendts, Burberry CEO ). In a speech delivered during a TEDx presentation, Ahrendts stated that she believed that human energy has the potential to transfor
Introduction Prior to Frederick Jackson Turner’s speech at the American Historical Association in 1893, historians only recited events in America rather than analyze them. Turner elaborates the importance of the frontier in America’s history as well as her development, by showing how the true point of America’s history is in the great west and not the Atlantic coast. Furthermore, Frederick Jackson Turner explains how the frontier has been considered from the perspective of border welfare and chase instead of being a case study for economists and historians. He cited and explained some examples of the frontier’s significance which had been overlooked over the decades. This essay is focused on analyzing Frederick Jackson Turner’s ideas with examples illustrated below. Frederick Jackson Turner’s Thesis Turner points to the important position of the frontier which he describes it as a fortified boundary line that passes through a large or dense population. According to Frederick Jackson Turner, the frontier was handled as a margin of settlement that has a population of two or more people per square mile considering census results in America. The dominance of England in the southern part of America lingered for long until the emergence of the frontier which reduced the dependence on Britain. The southern part of America lacked industries to produce basic products then, it depended on Britain for supplies for a long time. The frontier’s advancement eventually saw goods produced in the west supplied to the south. The south also relied on the north for food supplies (Turner, p. 113). Legislation is another aspect in which the frontier demonstrated its role. Powers of the national government were developed by legislation and a good number of activities embarked upon by legislators were instigated by frontier movements. In another instance, the frontier played a significant role in the sale and disposal of public lands. Prior to this time, all efforts to withhold land from emigrants in order to enable compact settlement proved abortive. The struggle for land affected the public domain which was of immense importance to nationalism and the growth of the government. This prompted the frontier’s intervention in some vital government activities that involved land (Turner, p. 180). Through its social and economic characteristics, the frontier opposed sectionalism. It is worthy of note to mention that, tariff and land legislations, internal improvements and the whole nationalism system of America were based on the frontier ideas. The promotion of democracy in America and throughout Europe entirely was one of the greatest and most important achievements of the frontier. The complex American society was comprised of Indians, English and Americans produced vices that hampered the growth of civilization. Such vices were
Before starting to summarize the article “The fragmentary muse and the poetics of Refraction in Sappho, Sophocles, Offenbach” by Gregory Nagy, we would like to give some brief information about these people. Sappho was an ancient Greek lyric poet, Sophocles was an ancient Greek tragedian, and Jacques Offenbach was a French composer, who lived and created his pieces of music in the middle of XIX century. The article under consideration starts with the information about where the idea of fragmentary Muse comes from – from the opera “The Tales of the Hoffman by Jacques Offenbach. The definition of fragmentary Muse in the article is as follows, the fragmentary Muse is “such a muse that embodies a complex metaphor” (Nagy), which can be summed up in one word – refraction. That metaphor “derives from the idea that the light ‘breaks’ through a prism or lens” (Nagy). The summarized article represents the reader with the examples of the fragmentary Muse in the works of Sappho, Sophocles and Offenbach. The first example the author uses is taken from Sappho’s song, where the fragmentary Muse can be seen very clearly: the voice of the singer as if “breaks” when the musical and erotic climax of the song comes. The examples presented in the article are given in two languages: original and English. Gregory Nagy gives a thorough examination of every example to give the reader an understanding of the usage of the fragmentary Muse in every piece of work he presents in his article. After analyzing Sappho’s song from the point of view of language and music items, Gregory Nagy goes to the next example – Sophocles. The author focuses his attention on a fragment from Sophocles’ tragedy “Thamyras”. In this example Gregory Nagy presents the reader with the extract where the “break” occurs. The author of the article makes a comparison between the same effects which we observed in Sappho’s song. The “break” in the fragment of Sophocles’ tragedy was a combination of dance, instrumental accompaniment and song. Gregory Nagy makes an emphasis on the first two lines in the presented fragment, where “The initial word ‘breaking’ occupies a position traditionally known as th
Completing Tasks Children at the kindergarten level desire to complete tasks when they feel the importance of such tasks and they are able to relate them to their daily lives (Taskstream, 2005). The strategies that can be used in this area are: By making the tasks offered to the children as interesting as possible This is very necessary in order to foster the desire to do such tasks. The tasks can be made interesting by ensuring that there is a link between the tasks and the activities in the lives of the students that they do outside the classroom environment. Additionally, the tasks have to be made appealing to the students by touching on their senses. This would require the use of pictures, drawings, sound variations when reading out stories to them and naming of objects through the use of actual objects among others. The tasks have to be short and able to stimulate the curiosity and creativity of the children This strategy requires that the tasks offered are short enough to allow the children to complete them. Further, they have to be tasks that spur curiosity and creativity. For example, in the tasks involving the reading of stories, it is necessary to have stories that are short enough to enable the children to follow and captivating to encourage them to read on to completion. It is necessary to make the expectations clear and stress on the importance of the tasks This strategy requires that the children are made aware of the importance of tasks to be completed to them and as a teacher make the expectations clear on completing such tasks. Children are thus able to gauge their success by their ability to complete the tasks. This expectation makes them able to complete the tasks despite their limitations of dealing with the task. Autonomy In this area, the teacher has the responsibility of en
Introduction Most organizations have adopted and embraced the use of Information Technology (IT) in their conduct of business. IT has made the conduct of business easier and smooth for many organizations. However, aligning IT with business operations remains a big issue for many organizations (Boom, 2010). Alignment in this sense means adopting an IT strategy that suits the overall business strategy for an organization. IT strategy is now a very important tool in management and formulation of overall strategies in an organization. This is the reason why most organizations now have a full IT department that is well supported in order to work in conjunction with all other departments. Alignment of IT strategy with business strategy remains to be a big challenge because of the debate on the role of IT in the business (Betz, 2002). Application of IT in Business Organizations An IT department in an organization can adopt various strategies. One of the strategies is the table stake strategy in which the IT department is empowered to support only basic operations of the business in the cheapest method possible. Another strategy is giving the IT department critical capability whereby the department supports basic operations as well as finds ways to boost the competitive advantage over other competitors (Dubey, 1999). Under this strategy, the IT department has a wider responsibility of gaining competitive advantage, growth in revenues and enhancing overall business performance. The looming debate is whether adoption of an IT strategy that maintains a cutting-edge position on technology is the most effective way of supporting any overall business strategy. I agree that an IT strategy that maintains a cutting edge in te
Introduction Background Incorporating a vignette of snippets of its main character’s life, “Drown” might seem as lacking in tension and presenting a rather lackluster series of experiences at first glance. This impression, however, could not be any further from the truth. In his book, Junot Diaz tells a semi-autobiographical story, which already makes the novel enticing since it allows exploring the emotional journey of the author. However, what makes “Drown” particularly challenging is the contrast between the seemingly calm and impassionate environment in which the main character lives and the downpour of struggles, including emotional and cultural ones that Dominican immigrants face in the American setting. By showing the readers the two extremes entirely unasked, Diaz throws his audience out of balance and shocks them into paying attention to the delicate details that make the story even more powerful. The concerns regarding the process of cultural integration are not new in modern society. Due to the increase in political, economic, and financial challenges that people have to face in the setting of their home countries, immigration has become practically the only salvation for a range of disadvantaged populations in a number of countries, the Dominican Republic being one of them. By portraying the economic issues that the family of the protagonist had to encounter before moving to the U.S, Diaz establishes the background for the book and allows the reader to delve into the narration with a sense of connection to the main character and the troubles that he has faced. The story of Yunior, a young Latino man, his family, and the struggles that they face in the hostile foreign setting unwraps the tragedy of the situation in front of readers. What seemingly appears to be a set of disconnected narratives turns out to be an emotional journey of a young Dominican man portrayed as a series of the slices of his life. Significance The issues that Yunior, the main protagonist of the novel, faces, are numerous and multilateral. The book studies the problems of Dominican people in the US cultural environment thoroughly, which adds significance to the narrative and imbues each of the short novels with a particular meaning. Since there have been no attempts at expanding on the problems of Dominicans acculturating to the American setting and the discomfort that they feel in the process, the book should be recognized for its significance and the impact that it has on the audience. With its profound commentary on the nature of emotional and social anxiety in its leading character, as well as the premises for elaborating about the challenges faced by Dominican immigrants in the American setting, the collection of short stories under analysis gains particularly vast importance in
Introduction There is an apparent evolution of stage drama that at most has been influenced by changes within society. Politics and familial factors have provided sufficient background and theme for most plays although previously, these were centred on mysterious forces as traceable on Greek comedies and tragedies. European drama has in their influences of their earlier predecessors so that English, German or French literature and drama were seen of these influences. This paper shall try to focus on the German plays Emilia Galotti and Kabale und Liebe from the eighteenth century that will argue that it was a mistake to perceive the plays as political dramas but instead centred on human psychology. Emilia Galotti There are certain interpretations as well as perceptions about Lessing’s Emilia Galotti, a German bürgerliches Trauerspiel or bourgeois tragedy play in five acts by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. It premiered on 8 March 1772 in Braunschweig about the story based upon the Roman myth of Virginia. Emilia Galotti is a drama during the Enlightenment with love as its central theme, and most often interpreted as a political commentary. The play focuses on the arbitrary rule by the aristocracy presented in stark contrast to the current and enlightened morality of the bourgeoisie. Other feudal ideas of love and marriage in the play come into conflict with the greater move by the population, or in this instance by Emilia’s father to marry for love rather than tradition and power. Summary Emilia Galotti is the central figure of the play with her parents Odoardo and Claudia. Hettore Gonzaga is the prince of Guastalla who fell in love with Emilia. Marinelli is the prince’s chamberlain, Count Appiani is Emilia’s fiancée and countess Orsina, the prince’s former mistress. “Emilia Galotti” is interpreted as a nefarious abduction plot gone sour in a time when the abuse of aristocratic privilege has made the middle class start to feel entitled. Emilia is the daughter of a respectable bourgeois officer Odoardo and has caught the eye of the womanizing Prince Gonzaga. Emilia and her mother Claudia at that instant were on the way to Vegghia. He became obsessed with Emilia and want her for himself. As a prince who is so used to having what he wants, he empowered his chamberlain Marinelli to do whatever is necessary to make Emilia the prince’s lover, thus in their exchange of thoughts: “DER PRINZ. Auch das! – Packen Sie nur zusammen: ich muß fort – Morgen, Rota, ein mehres! Geht ab. CAMILLO ROTA den Kopf schüttelnd, indem er die Papiere zu sich nimmt und abgeht. Recht gern? – Ein Todesurteil recht gern? – Ich hätt’ es ihn in diesem Augenblicke nicht mögen unterschreiben lassen, und wenn es den Mörder meines einzigen Sohnes betroffen hätte. – Recht gern! rech
Abstract Nike is a global conglomerate that deals mainly in sportswear. The company’s mission statement is, “To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete. If you have a body, you are an athlete” (Nike, 2014, p. 1). The company’s corporate and retail store operations are carried out in consideration of this mission statement. Nike is a company that is known by its logo; this shows the popularity of the company. This paper will evaluate the company using three of the management tools. The management of Nike should now lay stress on the company’s strategy. It has to be in line with its mission statement that suggests extending the boundaries of technology and innovation. SWOT analysis Strengths Nike is at 24 th place in the list of world’s most valuable brands and at 343 rd place in Global 2000 (Forbes, 2014a). The following graph of the company’s performance (of shares) clearly depicts a steady growth. During the past 5 years, there has been an increase of 250.21% in the capitalization of Nike (Yahoo Finance, 2014). The company has also launched ‘lower-priced’ products under the brand ‘Converse’ in order to cater to a larger customer base (Burkitt, 2010). The company has an exemplary presence throughout the global markets and is the global leader (with 20% market share) in sports apparel (Forbes, 2014b). Weaknesses Nike’s revenues rely mainly on its footwear market. If for any reason, the company’s market share declines, the company revenues will suffer a significant downfall. Moreover, the footwear products are sold in retail, and the retail market is very price sensitive. Due to the presence of various competitors, the company has to keep very low-profit margins. Most of the company’s products are highly-priced. Opportunities The prevailing trend for fashion among the customers is an encouraging sign for the company’s future prospects. The company’s plan to venture into jewelleries and sunglasses is an opportunity that is expected to reap great profits (Hanrahan, 2012). Nike’s market share is greater than the combined shares of Reebok and Adidas. Threats There are various competitors, such as Reebok, Adidas, and Puma, that have the capability of usurping Nike’s market share. Due to the increased popularity of the Nike brand, many counterfeit brands have entered the global markets; this can have a negative impact on the company’s sales. Currency fluctuation across the globe is another threat to the company; this may have an impact on the profit margins. Moreover, the footwear industry has reached a saturation point as far as the design of products is concerned. Nike might have to resort to some new techniques for future sustainability. Stages in the Industry Life Cycle There are four stages (development, growth, maturity, and decline) in the ‘Industry Life Cycle’ of any company. After successfully passing through the development and growth stages, Nike