ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction One of the tendencies of the modern world is the promotion of the environmentally friendly technologies and sources of energy. In many ways, we are so used to the technology that we do not distinguish the little changes it makes to our environment. Naturally, sources of energy harmful to the nature are not to be ignored, and governments introduce certain restrictions towards them. However, the problem is that if the technology is not evidently harmful, most people do not notice how it changes the surrounding world. Although the use of environmental technologies can be claimed good or evil depending on the purpose of those who use it, application of any technology influencing the environment is disruptive to the natural state of the development of microclimate, which is why people should be more informed about those changes. The good and evil sides of using technological advancements It is quite naturally to assume that like any other source of forth, the way the technological resources are used correlates directly with the purpose of its use. Some people harm the environment on the small scale because they are unaware of the consequences. However, in a bigger perspective, with the powerful technologies at the disposal consequences are all that matters. One of the ethical problems in creating new technologies is that they can be used for the evil purpose. The claim is basically that some inventions are so dangerous, it would be better if they were never invented. However, this position has a few middle ground points. First of all, there is no way to calculate which amount of danger and potential danger is acceptable, and which is not. And secondly, if the invention is already introduced, it is most likely that it can be reduplicated and used for evil purposes. Nevertheless, the motto that every technology can be used for good does not lose its prevalence. That is the reason why scientists keep looking into finding alternative sources of energy and methods of power production. Technolo
Introduction Wal-Mart is a leader in the retail industry. However past research revealed that this retail giant remunerates its employees at rates that are on the lower side. A recent survey drawn on a sample of 100 interviews was conducted to determine employee job satisfaction. The findings show that Wal-Mart employees are not happy with their pay check. Findings As the pie chart below shows, 54% of the employees surveyed feel that the ‘salary and benefit package’ that Wal-Mart gives them is not attractive. Table1 Table 2 This concurs with the general feeling 60% of the employees have that the pay they receive is not commensurate with the work they do as shown in the corn bar graph above. As the visual below (right) shows, most of the respondents (19% and 24%) were in need of a second job. A good number (24%) do not need a second job. When asked whether the high turnover in Wal-Mart had any connection with wage rate many (32%) were Table 3 Table 4 Noncommittal although a good number (19% +22%) felt that there was a connection (see bar graph above, on the left). For more details see the summary table in appendix 1. Hypothesis testing A hypothesis is an “assumption [made] about a population parameter” (Levin and Rubin 1991 p.346). The objective of this exercise is to test the population mean of Wal-Mart employees. Hypothesis statement The null hypothesis (H 0 ) is that the ‘population mean’ (μ) is equal to the hypothesized mean (μ H0 ) which is 550 stated as: H 0: μ = μ H0 =550. The alternative hypothesis (H a ) is that the ‘population mean’ is not 550. This creates two alternatives: μ is less than 550 or μ is greater than 550. This is statistically stated as: H a: μ ≠ μ H0, which gives raise to: H a: μ < μ H0, or H a: μ > μ H0. Significance level A 5% level of significance has been predetermined for this test. This means that the probability of committing a type I error is 0.05. Test statistic The preferred test statistic for this test is ‘z’ because it is the best method for “comparing the mean of a sample to a hypothesized mean for a population”(Kothari 2003 p.237). Decision rule A confidence level of 5% means that the acceptance region will take 95% or 0.95 of the normal distribution curve area. Being a two tailed test, there will be two critical values (“the values that lie exactly on the boundary of the region of rejection” (Zikmund p.502).).Half of 0.95 is 0.4750 which reads a ‘z’ of 1.96 in the normal curve area table. With δ p given as 33 and n as 100 the critical value for the lower region is μ-zδ p ÷ SQRT of ‘n’ or 550-(1.96x(33÷SQRT100)) which gives 543.5. Critical value for the upper limit is 556.5. The decision rule is to reject H 0, if the ‘sample mean’ (X bar) appears outside the critical limits. Sample and decision From a sample of 100 employees interviewed; the mean score (X bar) on the five point scale on the survey question ‘Do you feel like you are paid fairly for the work you perform?’; equaled 20 (see appendix 2). The sample mean is outside the critical re
Introduction The company of KPMG based in the United States of America was fined approximately $6.2 million by the national SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) for providing false calculations during the audit of MER (Miller Energy Resources). The primary issue implied the fact that the accounting firm produced a low-quality report of MER’s finances for 2011. Some statements were overestimated, whereas certain assets were almost doubled. The impact that influenced KPMG as a result of the previously mentioned fine led to the obligation of its engagement partner, John Riordan (who is guilty of the false report), to compensate $25 thousand. The following paper will analyze the case with KPMG’s low-quality financial report and explain some tactics that could have been sound and pertinent here. Inferences of Corporate Ethics Indeed, John Riordan appeared to be accountable for the misstatement of MER’s profits and other financial circulations of the company (Shoaib, 2017). However, every employee of KPMG is supposed to be responsible for the management of internal controls. Moreover, every department of the company has to assure the establishment, appropriate documenting, and maintenance of internal controls in every minor operation that this firm does. KPMG is blamed for not providing a high-quality financial report fairly because its employees should control such processes to avoid similar outcomes that make an adverse influence on their corporation as a whole (Shoaib, 2017). It appears that the work of people who made the false report was not under the strict control of their superiors. It is necessary to mention that it is inappropriate to put the blame on one’s auxiliaries when they do not achieve particular goals as managers have to teach them how to cope with similar cases. Ethical Standards The primary ethical considerations of KPMG’s values and leadership that had a significant influence on the situations discussed in the previous sections will be discussed in the given paragraph. To begin with, it is necessary to state that it is inappropriate, unfair, and incorrect to provide one’s customers with false information, regardless of their expectations and attitudes towards collaboration with an accounting firm (Parrino, 2016). Despite one’s financial interest and benefits, accountants are obliged to state only accurate data in their reports as even minor mistakes might lead to significant problems in a client company. Not only will this demonstrate the unprofessionalism of an accounting firm’s workers, but also the incompetency of its leaders. Values that must be inherent in KPMG’s offices include customer satisfaction, the organization’s reputation, colleagues’ careers, and trustworthiness of the company (Parrino, 2016). The absence of several qualities listed above influenced the fine imposed on KPMG and Riordan. Specific Conduct Violations Specific conduct violati
Introduction Max Weber in his book the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism sought to explain the emergence of the modern capitalism and the origin of the modern secular and industrial society. According to Weber, the source of work ethic and material success that is considered the beginning of material success is found in the premises of business strength. To him, even the modern day capitalists are unable to explain its origin. According to Weber, the spirit of the present capitalism developed out of protestant ethic of the 16 th century of the puritan churches and even sects: these are mainly the Calvinists, the Methodists, and the Quakers etcetera. These Protestants prioritized work over material success and nothing else mattered according to them whether their families, leisure or hobbies, and therefore capitalism was argued to have roots in the protestant denomination (Protestant Ethic 14). The Protestant Ethic According to Weber, capitalism was the accumulation of wealth and deeply rooted in rationality; to him capitalism emerged victorious over tradition and was as a result of a disciplined labor force. This scenario was only evident in European countries and more particularly in protestant nations. Weber arrived at the protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism by analyzing the three religions; the Catholicism, Lutheranism and the protestant denominations and related the analysis to the extent they could bring psychological rewards. The Catholics argued that placing wealth before God could jeopardize the soul and also that was against the kingdom of God as nothing as nothing ought to come before the kingdom. Weber agreed that individuals explained human behavior in reference to religion and not economic power in connection to religion. He furthermore agreed that human beings did not view the supernatural as a causal factor but instead they considered the structural factors as causal factors. These structural factors include economic, political and social forces. Max Weber believed that religious belief has a lot of influence in the daily life of every individual. What Weber sought to explain is evident in the modern society; among the Americans, for example, dedication to work and success in life is derived from protestant beliefs or the tradition of the protestant people. This was evident in the year 1999 when the USA replaced Japan as the global leader in the number of hours worked per year. Hard working people in the society are often appreciated and praised. If Weber could have been alive, he could have regarded these features of the American society as true reflection of his thesis. When Weber discussed capitalism that was characterized by profit maximization and mass production, he analyzed so devoid of the principle of human rationality. Weber failed to recognize that any human being is bound by the principles that govern every society and it is a matter of duty rather than religion that makes an individual to exploit its labor (Etzrodt 4). The constant and consistent capacity to work hard is associated with one’s religious indoctrination
In contemporary business environments, business leaders need to make fast, responsive, timely, and quality decisions; it is through decisions made that competitiveness is attained in an organization. To make effective decisions, there is need to have quality information about a situation to be able to formulate alternatives. With advancement in computer technology, scientists are developing better ways of researching and providing biology and medicine solutions; one current technology that has been adopted is bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is advantageous to business leaders and managers as they offer recent reports on studies of a particular area to facilitate them manage their organizations effectively. With the use of current technology, scientists are able to analyze the prevailing business environment and offer quality recommendations on the right products and services that the current generation requires. It is through the well research analysis and research that innovations and inventions have been adopted (Barnes & Gray, 2003). The danger of using bioinformatics is the development of dependency syndrome, when using the method to advance in business or make business decisions, managers in an organization are only fed with fully baked information on what they ought to do; this deny them the chance to be creating and innovative. Although bioinformatics aim at improving human live-hood, when reflecting from a business perspective, they level the playing ground of different companies in the field of biology and medicine, this deny individual company the competitiveness it might get from individual efforts. To have bioinformatics structures in an organization is costly; this means that business leaders and managers have to part with a huge amount of capital to enact the structures. The cost might not be proportionate to the gains from the process making the company suffer. The structure of bioinformatics only focuses on which new products and services need to be made but never gives recommendations on how to improve the production process (Ouellette, 2005). One international company that uses bioinformatics is Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK), the company engages in the business of researching and making human medicine. when coming up with new products as well as when improving the available ones, the company ensures it has wide quality information that can assist it develop quality products than those made by its competitors. Other than as a competing strategy, the management appreciates that its works affects peoples life thus they need to continually improve their products for the benefit of the society. GMK’s research and development department is mandated with the role of establishing the right bioinformatics technology to use; they have subscribed to different companies and journals offering insights
Introduction There are recurring themes among generations of poets that represent the culture and traditions of that time. Roethke and Hayden both grew during the beginning of the Industrial Era that is often linked with both uprises for some, while the suffering and harsh times for many others. These two authors had similar experiences that shaped their future style and poetic themes. I would like to explore two of their poems to draw an image of their childhood through expressions that are filled with deep-seated emotions towards their fathers. For this assignment, I chose to write about the theme of family in two poems: “My Papa’s Waltz” by Theodore Roethke and “Those Winter Sundays” by Robert Hayden. Theme Discussion As has been said, both authors grew in the early twentieth century. They also share similarities in the position of their families in society. Robert Hayden grew in a foster home with a hard-working father who provided for his family through manual labor (Diamond). At the same time, Roethke, who is a son of a German immigrant, had a father who owned a greenhouse where he worked all time and was a drunkard (Tate). The chosen poems present one distinct similari
What I Learnt from this Presentation Various factors need to be considered while assessing the child sexual abuse including indicators of the abuse, disclosures of the abuse as well as trauma management. However, I leant three important concepts. The first concept I learnt is how to respond to the revelations. The second concept is the factors that are associated with the later trauma and the final concept is the emotional impacts of sexual abuse. The reason why I find these concepts important is due to significance in the management of trauma at the later stage in the child’s development. For instance, the response to the disclosure of the abuse determines the future of the child. Generally, the assessment of the child sexual abuse is not only about the disclosure of the abuse but also include other factors that directly affect the victims (Goodyear-Brown, 2011). How I Might Apply this Knowledge in my Current Placement and Future Practice The concepts I have leant from the presentation have wide application in both my current and future practice. For instance, in the current placement I have used the concept of how to respond to the discl
Supersonic transport (SST) was a phenomenal invention that revolutionized the air traveling industry. With a never-seen speed and convenience, the aircraft was able to transport the passengers across the globe twice quicker than any other type of airplane. However, its benefits came with a price: from the start of the SST business, many communities have reported disturbances because of the excessive noise, while passengers themselves stated that the costs were overwhelming. More than that, with the steady rise of concern about Global Warming and CO2 emissions, the governments of numerous countries were growing increasingly worried about the environmental impact of SST. These obstacles resulted in the eventual shutdown of the newest air travel industry. However, recently a newfound interest in this type of transportation started to emerge again. Given its extreme time efficiency, the comeback of SST was inevitable. This paper will describe the history of supersonic transport, address the challenges it faced, as well as introduce new developments of next-generation aviation that might be implemented soon. Historically, supersonic aircraft was an invention that transformed long-distance traveling. Two companies that offered their passengers SST were Concord and Tupolev, and their jets were “powered by turbojet engines with afterburners, which led to high fuel burn and takeoff noise” (Kharina et al. 2). One Concord aircraft, for instance, could carry up to 140 passengers and transport them from point A to point B with a speed of “55,000 feet and a range of 4000 nmi” (Roper et al. 3). By achieving the speed of sound, it allowed travelers to board a plane in New York, and arrive to London three hours later, making it one of the best options in the market. Despite the SST’s revolutionary success and efficient results, governmental policy banned supersonic flight in 2003. Although excessive fuel burning and takeoff noise were the necessary components to make the experience as fast as the market demanded, these characteristics were also deemed as the main reasons for the ban. Apart from noise pollution that disrupted communities close to the airports, immoderate fuel usage to achieve the speed of sound was associated with an alarming CO2 levels increase and the destruction of the ozone layer (Sun and Smith 9). These environmental threats left governments no choice but to restrict supersonic travel. Significant en
Value of the Article to the Business Community The article Supply Chain –Wide Optimization at TNT Express Interfaces by Fleuren et al. is important to the business sector. It shows an example of the application of an operation research project based on how it has worked for the management of TNT Express. TNT Express aspired to have a cost-effective and customer-satisfying supply chain. Initially, the design seemed rather difficult to attain. Globalization has led to a tough competition among companies. Operation research provides a leeway through which organizations can earn a competitive advantage over their competitors. The application of operation research project in TNT Express has helped the organization to develop a moneymaking and customer-satisfying supply chain. The article is important for the business community because managerial roles have become intricate. Irrespective of whether it is a manufacturing company or service delivery business, the available resources must be used efficiently. The future is vague. Hence, decisions should no longer be made through the trial-and-error method. Application of scientific techniques is important in decision-making processes for an organization that intends to make the future look more certain. Quantitative method is a scientific approach that helps companies to resolve difficult challenge in an economical and precise way as exhibited in the case of TNT Express article. Quantitative methods involve using past information to evaluate actions that are much beneficial to the organization. Experts have noted that scientific approaches are important for managers because they assist them to make accurate managerial decisions. Under project management, quantitative methods assist a company to accomplish a given goal within a specific period through the creation of key network models. TNT Express used past data to develop subprograms for various levels of the delivery process. These subprograms were prepared at different degrees of maturity with the various levels in mind. Thus, they had different optimization complexities. It also designed dashboards to assess the actual performance and available optimization opportunities. The business community can borrow a leaf from how TNT Express utilized quantitative methods in project management in an effort to apply them in their organizations. The article not only provides the benefits of the various subprograms that are applied by TNT Express, but also explains various deployment challenges in relation to the execution of the subprograms. According to the article, employees take time before they can understand new programs. Retrieving information is also strenuous because of the vast source. Moreover, some of the collected data may be incomplete or too comprehensive. The implication is that the retrieval process will increase the time needed before the important data is collected. This information is of importance to the business community because it creates awareness of some challenges that it may face when deciding to use quantitative methods in project management. This article provides a comprehensive understanding of how the business
Introduction The mass media is considered to be the Fourth Estate by the majority of people. By means of television and the Internet, world news is transmitted globally. However, modern media agencies are often accused of impartiality and even propaganda. I believe that several basic principles of journalism are widely violated. The main goal of this paper is to prove that the modern media is biased because it lacks transparency, independence, and objectivity. Discussion Media transparency is an ability to see inner processes of this system. This concept helps to describe the way media is perceived by its audience. It is one of the most powerful instruments that can influence a political or social environment. The way that different situations are interpreted by the government and general public is affected by media. Its participation might be the major factor that has an impact on the government’s decisions. I think that many mass media sources lose their credibility because they lack transparency. The information presented by such news providers is biased. Also, insufficient transparency allows many governments to interfere with the inner processes in media systems (Niederer 1). The way the information is demonstrated is now distorted to affect perceptions of audiences. Therefore, the credibility of many media agencies is diminished due to the lack of transparency. Another important aspect is independence. To report impartially, news organizations should be absolutely independent. It is one of the most prominent principles of journalism (Harcup 89). The lack of independence affects the ability to describe existing problems in a proper manner. The main problem is that negative news involves organizations that make up audiences of media networks. The information presented by news agencies should be accurate, comprehensive, and true. Also, they have to present all views equally. However, powerful companies try to interfere with this process. Many journalists are fired because they refuse to obey their unfair requirements. Therefore, the concept of independence should be discussed on various levels. Objectivity is another fundamental aspect of journalism. Objectivity implies the ability of reporters to cover controversial topic without letting their emotions and preconceptions influence reports (Harcup 89). One of the distinguishing characteristics of an objective story is a neutral language. Journalists should avoid assessing people’s personal characteristics. Even ordinary adj