ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction There is none of the anti-Semitic films produced in the early nineteenth century that became as popular as the film Jud Suss by Veit Harlan. Anti-Semitism was a common phenomenon across Europe and particularly in Germany during this film’s production; but this film had anti-Semitism that has never been in any other piece of art before. The people who can see properly find film language as an effective media of communication and Veit uses this tool appropriately in the film. Film language makes use of images to communicate ideas between the filmmaker and the viewers where Jud Suss is good at that. The maker of the film produced a film that was labeled as an anti-Semitic propaganda using film language Effective use of film language Throughout this film, anti-Semitism is presented in various forms and all this is meant to build the Nazis agenda. In this film, the Jewish culture, religion and way of life come in focus in the attempt to emphasis Nazi’s agenda (Dahms & Hazelrigg, 2010). In order to drive the Nazi agenda into the minds of the people the maker of this film begins with the basic or the most common aspect of Nazi stereotype. The physical and the personal appearance of the Jews are compared to that of the Germans and the filmmaker perfectly convinces the viewers that the Jews are inferior to the Germans. The maker of the film also convinces the audience that the Jews are physically unattractive. To achieve his claims the filmmaker in particular uses characters with hooked noses, which are physically unattractive to describe or portray the appearances of the Jews. In addition, to achieve this objective the filmmaker uses male characters who are unattractive and who appeared as aliens to play the roles of Jewish men. The Jewish men also had unshaven heads and wore unappealing clothing unlike their German counterparts and of course Marian who represented a reformed Jew. To add onto the physical appearance of the Jews, the filmmaker paints the Jews as people with questionable behaviors and morals. In the film, the Jews are described as cunning, untrustworthy, and materialistic people. Oppenheimer is one character in this film that bears all this accusations from how he conducts his jewels and money lending business. The Jews claim to be religious and holy people yet they are immoral. This is also another anti-Semitic message that the creator of the film, the Jud Suss, tried to bring to the attention of his viewer. In the film, the Jews are filmed worshiping in synagogues in the scene showing them entering Wurttemberg (Tegel, 2007). This scene portrays the Jews as religious people and people who love their religion as well as put it before everything else but the scenes that follows contradicts all this. In the film, Oppenheimer is tried after being captured for being involved in committing various crimes such as treason and fraud. His troubles with the law do not end there and later is executed for sexual with a German woman, which was unacceptable. From this act, all the Jews who lived in Wurttemberg are given a three days notice to vacate the area. Any view
Introduction Belknap and Holsinger (2006) tend to examine how gendered risk factors contribute to the management of delinquency. The researchers’ main argument is that delinquency theories such as General Strain Theory (GST) and the Life-Course Perspective (LCP) have failed to recognize the importance of gender as a risk factor in explaining and dealing with delinquency. As a result, delinquent girls have consistently received harsh and disproportionate treatment in corrective centers and courtrooms. In the article, Belknap and Holsinger (2006) argue that gender is a critical risk factor that should be given greater consideration while dealing with delinquency. The researchers have indicated that less attention has been given to the functions of sexual characteristics in the etiology of delinquency. Article overview The article explains how gender is a critical consideration in dealing with criminal behavior. The article is organized in such a way that the main problem is clearly brought out from the beginning (Broidy, 2011). However, the organization of the article does not meet the standards required on a research paper. The researchers failed to indicate the distinct and important sections such as the study objectives, research questions, and the significance of the study. Most importantly, a literature review of the study topic is not clearly indicated (Belknap & Holsinger, 2006). Nevertheless, the article provides clear findings and explanations to the targeted audience. Definition of the research problem Gender-specific approaches have been lacking while dealing with delinquency. Both current and past theories have ignored the importance of sex while looking into factors that cause delinquency as well as interventions of criminal behavior both in legal and social perspectives (Bottcher, 2009). Lack of such gender-specific approaches has led to delinquent girls being discriminated against particularly in courtrooms and corrective centers. In such institutions, girls receive hash and disproportionate punishments not in equal measure to their male counterparts. Research methodology The researchers applied both qualitative and quantitative research methods in their data collection. The qualitative data centered on the theoretical perspective while the quantitative aspect focused on the primary information from the sampled population of the study. In fact, the researchers’ main methodology was primary data while the theoretical perspective informed the basis of the survey. The quantitative research technique was designed to attain
Introduction Change management seeks to define strategies and approaches that will allow a company to introduce shifts in various fields of organizational learning, development, and performance. In this respect, there exist a great number of theoretical frameworks premised on different models and concepts contributing to change management, but all of them may be classified under two categories. The first one refers to individual change theories whereas the second one is more oriented on top-balanced change. The former category is more congruent with the conceptual model introduced by Kurt Lewin and further developed by Edgar Schein. In particular, Kurt Lewin proposes a three-stage model of integrating changes in an organization, such as unfreezing, moving, and refreezing (Burnes 2004a). All three phases are based on the principle of rejecting previous concepts and paradigms and accepting the new forces. Schein defines this process as cognitive redefinition that allows the members of an organization to move away from old principles of organizations and learn the new ones (Hughes 2007). This transition, however, is a sophisticated and ongoing process because it involves numerous psychological, cognitive, social, and environmental factors. Within these perspectives, both Lewin and Schein adhere to the principle of disconfirming information implying total rejection of previous organization’s mission as the basic condition for further change. Disconfirmation, therefore, is the first stage of the unfreezing phases leading to dissatisfaction, which is the sign of significant gap between what is done at the moment and what needs to be achieved. Main Discussion Defining Disconfirming Information According to Lewin’s change theory, there are three stages of accepting change – unfreezing, moving, and refreezing. The first one involves recognition of change as a fact (Burnes 2004a). However, in order to recognize change, individuals should also be able to express their dissatisfaction and frustration with the previous situation. According to Lewin’s (1947) theory, “In the case of discrimination, for instance, certain social forces drive toward more discrimination” (p. 6). In other words, t
Lebanon had been experiencing a dynamic economy, enjoying high growth rates, an increased inflow of foreign capital, as well as, a steady increase in the capita income. However, after the civil war, transportation system of Lebanon deteriorated to the extent that it does not comply with Mobility requirements and needs [1] . The country continues to operate under aging transportation facilities that were severely damaged during the civil war. Therefore, this can be seen as chaotic and unsustainable. This combines with the unusable railway system, an increased number of licensed automobiles, coupled with poor road network. Road network in Lebanon constitutes primary and secondary roads and highways. The highways are classified according to their role and characteristics of the traffic they serve. An extensive network of roads covering over 4000 miles constituting serves Lebanon. Most roads, particularly within the Beirut area and most remote areas, the transportation system, have remained in a poor condition. An increased number of licensed automobiles have caused congestion in public roads. In addition, the railway system has remained largely unutilized due to the effects of civil war. Other pubic infrastructures that were affected by the civil war cover the airports, the electrical power supply, and the Telecommunication services that were considerably damaged due to the aftermath of the civil war [2] . The existing road transportation system lacks a coherent organization of the public, since the public has become over reliant on the use of private cars and underutilized public transport relative to international standards. The public lacks coherent patterns to provide sound and sustainable alternatives to the automobile. Furthermore, there is an inequitable distribution of the supply of the public transport over the market. Major markets such as Beirut and Tripoli have remained underserved, hence; experience severe competition among road transport operators. The Lebanese railway network began in 1980. However, the public infrastructures have been experiencing conflict in the struggle to provide citizens with an efficient mobility system. Through history, it is possible to trace the establishment of the railway system that began in late 20th century. The railway system connects prime urban areas, as well as, neighboring countries such as Iraq, Turkey, and Syria. Due to socio-political struggles experienced in most countries in the Middle East, the developments of public utilities have become unimaginable [3] . The civil war and posttraumatic recovery in Lebanon led to uncertainty to the future of transportation infrastructure. The railway system that began in late 20th century was terminated because of political problems. Initially, the railway line was intended to connect Beirut and Damascus in order to provide Damascus with accessibility to the port. The Beirut Damascus railway line continued operating, and made travel possible from Europe to Africa without changing trains. In addition, the line served
Description of the College of North London The College of North London is a fictitious institution of higher learning located in Wales. It offers both degree and certificate programs in various faculties and all its departments have been well equipped with modern ICT infrastructure. Below is a brief description of the information and networking systems of the institution. The College has an information system geared at transaction processing, management information, decision support as well as executive information functions. These systems have been established as the west grid whose infrastructures are networking facilities, extensive shared memory, parallel processing facilities, a video conferencing access grid and even reserves for storage of research data. This west grid is very important in providing the avenue for researchers to share resources and other elements of expertise. The operation of this information system is modulated by the AICT and it comprises an SGI Altix XE320 cluster for disseminated memory functions and IBM Power5 and SGI machines for communal memory jobs. The university’s information system also has a General Access Linux Cluster (GALC) which comes in handy for doing large scale parallel computing jobs using the communal memory. Finally, within this system are numerical and statistical servers which host very many geometric, arithmetic and statistical packages. These five SGI Altix XE250 servers help provide interactivity and group applications. The information system manpower majorly comprises ICT technicians. These include information officers, operating officers, technical officers and information security officers. These individuals are responsible for the installation and maintenance of technological equipment that help in enhancing the performance of the organization. The administrative information systems (AIS) as part of the larger information system are responsible for maintaining proper administrative functions within the college. The systems are majorly PeopleSoft utilities such as payroll, human resource, student, financial and supply chain records. These systems are continually supported by the IBM Global services especially in the area of general usage. The geographic information system (GIS) helps in collecting geospatial data relevant to the running of different areas of administration. For example, the college’s assets such as already installed infrastructure like transport facilities have to be constantly monitored for effective management. Other information that is relevant within this system includes data on culture, g
Today, in the age of technology, the concept of business is experiencing constant changes. During the last 20 years, it had evolved greatly due to the penetration of electronics and computers into everyday business practices. The most remarkable changes were caused by the advancement in telecommunications, with the Internet as the most remarkable mean of telecommunication. Internet technology made it possible for businesses to reach customers and businesses all over the world. This fact led to dynamic and rapid economic globalization, turning both B2B and B2C into multibillion industries. Understandably, each type of e-commerce, either B2B or B2C, needs a supply chain for the transportation of purchased goods. Even though that there is an opinion that B2B and B2C have the same type of supply chain, the models they use differ. The supply chain is a series of channels a product takes from its initial production to reach its final destination (Learn That, 2004). This includes warehousing, transportation from a distribution center to store or to customer as a final destination. According to the definition given by Wikipedia, “Business-to-business (B2B) is a term commonly used to describe electronic commerce transactions between businesses” (Wikipedia Business-to-business, 2007). B2B eCommerce takes place when companies are doing business online with each other, but in later years it expanded over bonds of corporate sales due to outsourcing tendencies these days. B2C, according to Wikipedia, “describes activities of E-businesses serving end consumers with products and services,” which is stereotyped by a traditional store, which has an online version. Most people associate B2C eCommerce with such websites as Amazon.com, Wallmarket.com, and others, yet online stores form only a part of the B2C industry as it also includes financial institutions and other types of business structures, which contribute to making and receiving purchases online. Such services include online banking and payment processing, online auctions, travel and health services, different types of consulting services, etc. It might appear from the first sight that B2B and B2C supply chains are similar, yet it’s not accurate. The main difference is in the organization of logistics. The amounts of the channel through which purchased products should go before reaching end-users are different. B2B has a less number of channels, yet channels are greater in size, while there is
A relationship refers to a connection between two or more things. In this context, the “things” refer to both the consumers and the products that they consume. There exists a relationship between product brands and consumers. This analogy is arrived at after close scrutiny of consumer behavior and shopping patterns (Fournier, 1998). Relationships come with commitments, and those who are related will always do all it takes to sustain their relationship. This commitment is present in the relationship that Susan talks of in her paper. Products would normally fluctuate in prices, the price fluctuation is brought about by a number of factors, and these factors would, at times, result in the price skyrocketing (Hinde, 1979). Even in a case where prices of products go up, loyal consumers would still part with a lot of money to purchase them. This monetary commitment results from attachments that consumers have with such brands, and this constitutes another important component of relationships that Susan addresses in her journal. Relationships are normally brought about by attachments that arise either through friendship or kinship. Consumers also find a basis of attachments between them and the brands they consume. These attachments are based on the price or quality of the products, which are two fundamental features that fragment the market. There are those consumers who attach quality to brands. Such consumers are not bothered by the price of the product provided they get the quality that they are looking for. On the other hand, there are those whose shopping patterns are shaped by the prices of the commodity. The former group tends to have stronger relationship with the brands than the latter that would change from one brand to another given the price variations of the products at the time of their shopping. Medical services, jewelry and beauty accessories are some of the products that consumers form the strongest relationships with. People attach more importance to their health than any other aspect of their life. These results in lots of skepticism in the choice of health service providers as people always expect to receive the best health services that would enable them live long and fruitful lives. Family physicians are chosen with extra caution based on the income of the family and once a quality doctor is determined, he or she gets treated with the confidentiality of a family member and the relationship gets stronger as more trust is developed with every service he or she renders effectively. Health services providers being human; they nurture this relationship between them and their service seekers to stronger levels. Social aspect like friendship develops and as it grows, so does the relationship strengthen. Should this be compounded with quality services at friendlier costs, then the relationship blooms (Miller, 1995). The relationships that consumers form with jewelry is different f
Race and gender are intrinsic traits of society and should not be considered either strictly biological or solely socially constructed. Both race and gender, or biological sex, have well-defined biological manifestations. Women differ from men in many physical aspects, while members of different races have their own unique physical characteristics. Thus, it can be argued that sex and race stem from biology. However, as most people in the world live in communities and belong to broader society, these notions also accumulate socially constructed characteristics. Throughout the centuries, the view on women and their place in society changed significantly in most countries. However, in some Muslim countries, including Saudi Arabia, women are still viewed as the property of their families and are not allowed some freedoms that men have (Lacey, 2011). This attitude towards women should not be viewed as strictly biological or strictly social but rather a combination of two. The culture and the religious influences condition this behavior, but biology also plays a substantial role. Considering prompt B, I believe the long-term employee does not have a valid point in claiming that their Mediterranean ancestry and natural biological impulses prevent them from trying to court the new employee. I agree that their age, biology, and culture have contributed to a specific worldview being formed. However, society also constructs certain rules that people should observe. The freedom of one person ends, where the liberty of another begins. I would argue that the long-term employee infringes on the freedom of the new person in the company. Their heritage should not be used as an excuse for unacceptable behavior. Furthermore, a workplace is not an appropriate place for courting, and such unwarranted attention can prevent the new employee from performing their best. I would argue that with this excuse, the long-term worker disregards the socially constructed rules of the country and their place of employment. Reference Lacey, R. (2011). The precarious modernity of Saudi Arabia [Video]. YouTube.
Introduction In many parts of Nova Scotia, people face a number of problems that are related to water contamination. Drinking water that is supplied to many homes has natural and synthetic substances. Impurities pose serious threats to the health of consumers. Moreover, contaminated water has the capability of damaging construction equipments, including plumbing materials. Households would probably complain due to undesirable taste, odor, color, and stains in case water is dirty. In Nova Scotia, issues related to water contamination are caused by ineffective supply. This is because supply of drinking water is controlled by the private sector. However, municipalities are also accused of supplying impure water. Since contaminated water could cause diseases, it is the role of the government to ensure that water supplied to people is pure and free from any impurities. In this regard, impurities that have the ability of harming the populace should be disinfected to prevent the spread of diseases. It is recommended that before water is utilized, proper testing should be conducted by a licensed laboratory and the results made public. Testing would allow the authorities to determine the types of impurities available in drinking water. Moreover, the level of contamination would be determined (Foulkes, 2007). Upon identification of impurities, the authorities should go a notch higher to treat drinking water using the most cost-effective methods. The main objective of this paper is to identify the main impurities in water that pose threats to the health of households. The paper would review available data to establish facts about water treatment methods and their effectiveness in Nova Scotia. Relevance of Water Quality Issue Water is a basic need that should be provided to each citizen in any part of Nova Scotia. Research shows that an individual requires at least twenty to fifty liters of clean water daily for home use. Water pollution is detrimental to the survival of human beings because it brings about diseases. In the United Nations Charter, water is considered a basic need, which should be provided to all citizens at an affordable cost. Clean water is essential in any economy because without i