ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The battle of Corinth took place in 146 B.C. in the Greek city of Corinth. The conflict involved two major parties, which consisted of Greeks and Romans. The given battle was a turning point in Greek history because the Roman Republic became the rulers of the Greek lands. The battle ended with the city being fully demolished, and Roman soldiers burned it to the ground. Corinthian women and children were captured and sold as slaves. The war was initially catalyzed by Romans, who used the internal disturbances of Greece to their advantage. Before the battle, Sparta and Achaean League were in conflict, which weakened the overall attention of Greeks to outside threats. The Roman Republic declared that some Greek cities were no longer considered as a part of the Achaean League, which included Corinth, Sparta, and Argos. This decision was perceived with outrage from the Greek side because it meant that the Achaean League became a secondary state with no proper recognition. Despite the Roman Republic’s decision, the Achaean League decided to fight Sparta, which means that they were going against Romans too. This event led to the Battle of Corinth, where Romans came out victorious. The battle was not an equal one, because Romans vastly outnumbered Greeks. The Roman Republic brought approximately 27 thousand soldiers, including cavalry, and whereas Greeks faced them with an army of 15 thousand. This meant that the Roman army was almost twice as large as the Greek one. In addition, the Greek side was mostly comprised of former slaves and ordinary people, who lacked prior training and experience. However, Roman soldiers were more conditioned due to the republic’s military developments. Therefore, it is evident that the outcome of the battle was predetermined by the fact that Romans had the overall advantage on their side.
Social work is one of the few remaining professions in the world where people work for what they can do for others and not for what they can get out of the work. The world today is witnessing a rise in natural calamities among other social vices a trend that has greatly necessitated the need for social workers. Unlike other professions in the world where people do not work with passion, social workers are supposed to devote all energies to their work. On top of this, social work is among the remaining few careers where people are actually governed by well-laid codes of ethics. (Hepworth et al, 2009, p. 6) According to the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers, the principal objective of the social work profession is to augment human well-being and to help meet the primary needs of humans. To accomplish this, there is the need for meticulous concentration on the requirements and emancipation of people who are defenseless and those living in abject poverty. All social workers are dictated by their ethics to value the dignity and worth of a person. This value makes social workers in return to respect the inherent dignity and worth of an individual. Social workers treat each person with respect despite the backgrounds of those individuals. (NASW, 1999) A classic example of how social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of a person can best be seen from the way they treat mentally challenged people in the society. In our country today, people with mental disorders are usually looked down upon by society. This has brought untold suffering to the mentally challenged people who are left with no choice but to wander in the streets since their families either have disowned them or are too busy to take care of them. Most families prefer to take their loved ones who have become mentally unstable to sanatoriums never to return for them. This leaves those mentally challenged individuals with no one else other than the social workers in those mental hospitals. Though by this time most of these mentally challenged people have lost their dignity, a social worker realizes that this individual had an inherent dignity and will do everything possible to treat them with respect despite their condition. (NASW, 1999) According to a book called, Direct Social Work Practice: Theory and Skills, “People who receive social work services are often overwhelmed by their diffic
The business world is a quickly evolving entity that contains many opportunities for prosperity and success. Many global companies have locations worldwide, and franchises play an important role in the conduction and maintenance of the business. One of the well-known franchises is a chain of motels called “Motel 6”. The management of these motels has an important job of retaining the best possible service and attracting new, as well as previous customers. There are several benefits, as well as drawbacks in buying the franchise. The positive side is that there will always be a demand for inexpensive motels, as people often need a quick stay without the unneeded luxury. The reason why “Motel 6” has such a reputation is that it is a very “people-oriented” organization. As the business is based on the customers and the service that is being provided, the relationship between the staff and clients is a key feature of such a business. There is a direct correlation between how the staff acts towards the visitors and how the visitors of the hotel will respond towards the staff and the motel in general. This greatly determines the return rate and the emergence of new customers. The renovations that have taken place recently, also add to the attraction. Even though the look has been modernized, the prices have stayed low, which helps support the reputation gained through years of service (Boone, 2012). In the past, there have been some organizational problems and staffing issues. As the motel was planned to develop more, the staffing had to be selected with great care. The structure of the employees had to be such that people from all over would feel comfortable,
Introduction The process of identifying a researchable problem can significantly impact the following steps of conducting a study. The feasibility of the final question and its elements can either simplify or complicate the search of information and the outcomes of research. Thus, prior to formulating the main research problem, it is vital not only to describe the sphere of interest and its possible issues but also to analyze possible frameworks which can be used for developing a topic that produces measurable results. Area of Interest Clinical practice has many areas where one’s errors can negatively impact patient outcomes and their overall health. For example, the high rate of medication administration errors (MAEs) is an issue that has a direct impact on an individual’s health. MAEs may include incorrect dosage and missed or repeated administration, which may lead to such negative outcomes as an overdose. According to Keers, Williams, Cooke, Walsh, and Ashcroft (2014), a major part of all adverse events leading to patient harm is connected to medication. The rate of MAEs is also high in hospitals, contributing to almost 20 percent of all possible opportunities for error. Thus, the problem of medication administration has to be analyzed in more detail. Insulin administration errors, while considered less dangerous as opposed to intravenous injections, can still significantly impact patients’ health. Problem Medication errors that involve nurses administering insulin to a patient are common. According to Nguyen, Nguyen, Haaijer-Ruskamp, and Taxis (2014), the error rate for insulin administration at the investigated hospitals reached almost 30 percent. Currently, the number of patients treated with insulin continues to grow, which makes the problem more pressing than before (Geller et al., 2014). Thus, some ways of error prevention have to be considered. One of the potential interventions is a double-checking process (Alsulami, Choonara, & Conroy, 2014). It is standard practice in many healthcare organizations, although it is unclear how significantly its implementation contributes to decreasing error rates (Hewitt, Chreim, & Forster, 2016). This procedure may have its benefits and drawbacks and should be investigated further to establish if it helps to reduce the occurrence of MAEs related to insulin. Significance The problem of insulin administration errors needs to be addressed because of the growing prevalence of patients with diabetes who need to be treated with insulin in a hospital setting. The number of individuals who require insulin injections or other types of administration continues to grow (Geller et al., 2014). The rates of errors may also increase due to the rising workload of nurses and the admission of patients lacking education about self-administration (Nguyen et al., 2014). Incorrect use of insulin may lead to patients developing hypoglycemia, characterized by sweating, weakness, and loss of consciousness (Geller et al., 2014). So
I believe that, for a particular individual to be considered thoroughly educated, he or she must be capable of: 1. Applying theoretical knowledge in practice – Many formally educated people lack the ability to derive ‘down-to-earth’ benefits from their otherwise extensive theoretical knowledge. For example, as method indicates, only a few of so-called ‘young urban professionals’ (yuppies) prove capable of effectively addressing even such basic life’s challenges as replacing a flat tire on the car. This is why, despite holding highly paid jobs, these people cannot be thought of as being educated, in a full sense of this word. 2. Critically assessing the emanations of a surrounding reality – Truly educated people can never think of a variety of currently prevailing socio-political concepts/dogmas (e.g., political correctness) as such that represent an undeniable truth-value. This is why educated people are strongly disliked by those individuals who make a living out of subjecting masses to different forms of psychological manipulation. 3. Adopting a non-religious stance, while assessing the significance of ‘spiritual’ matters – Nowadays, it is only utterly ignorant or deliberately malicious individuals, who may claim themselves being simultaneously educated and religious. The reason for this is simple – the world’s religions have long ago been proven as nothing but sublimations of people’s animalistic anxieties (such as the anxiety to extend their existence into eternity). Therefore, the stronger a particular individual appears to be affiliated with either of the world’s religions. The lesser are the chances for him or her to be considered truly educated. 4. Acting on behalf civilization, within the context of culture vs. barbarianism – Truly educated individuals are aware of a simple fact that it is namely due to a continuous scientific, cultural and social progress, closely associated with Western civilization, that the exponential improvement of people’s living standards has been made possible, in the first place. Therefore, those Western ‘intellectuals’ who, despite possessing a formal educat
Recommendation The case of eHarmony can be described as mending something that was not broken to begin with. The emergence of new competitors, such as Match and its Chemistry will only serve as the foil for showcasing the site’s advantages: “Competition determines the direction a company must go to ensure value content in its goods or services” (Lindgreen et al. 207). However, at present, the eHarmony site does not provide much space for extemporaneous conversations that is necessary for building relationships. While people’s need for planning, which the site caters to, is essential to creating a strong bond between partners, the owner of eHarmony fails to attract the attention of the people that might feel hesitant to starting long-term relationships. Since the category of the undecided users is extremely large, it will be reasonable to consider an option of adding an option of a custom profile for unregistered users (i.e., the ones, who have not provided their full data and answered all questions). Thus, the need to invest into the R&D factors in. Support eHarmony is the number one matching site worldwide, according to the case study details (Piskorski, Haraburda and Smith 139). Even the appearance of a new competitor, known as Match, has not disrupted the system of the company’s operations. At present, Match with its Chemistry site does not stand any comparison to eHarmony and its flexible system one could make a very slim argument about Match having a less rigid set of principles concerning the registration process: “On average, 5% of those who signed up became paying subscribers” (Piskorski, Haraburda and Smith 147). As the Exhibit 6 shows (Appendix A), eHarmony does suffer from missed opportunities, seeing that the number of customer profiles listed in the company’s database is no longer increasing at the same steady pace as it used to (Piskorski, Haraburda and Smith 157). In addition, Exhibit 3 (Appendix B) displays quite clearly that the organization could use a better pricing system. eHarmony clearly needs to reconsider its pricing strategy, which may become possible with the invention of a custom profile for unregistered users. As a result, the organization may increase the charge for its features gradually, thus, increasing its “competitive real exchange rate” (Rapetti 2). The price for a standard profile that is not based on the essential information about the user’s personality may cost slightly cheaper Match charges its customers for, whereas the opportunities for a better matching process should be provided for an additional payment. Thus, the company will prove that it operates on truly seminal principles, unlike Match, which provides a set of stock tools and does not invite a possibility for improving the quality of its services. It could also be suggested that the process of contacting the Support should be enhanced; an interactive chat similar to that one suggested for unregistered users should be viewed as an option. Plan of Action In general, the organization needs a major boost for its R&D and IT Departments so that new options for users could be added and the pricing policy should be altered and just
Summary Health care professionals are tasked with the role of managing health situations. In the changing medical environment, there is a need for nurses to ensure that adequate thought is applied in the process of managing patients. Clinical reasoning entails “collecting cues, processing the information, understanding of the patient’s situation, planning the intervention based on the understanding, evaluation of the outcomes, reflecting on the processes and learning from them’’ (Hughes, Benner & Sutphen, 2012, p. 27). Decision-making is a continuous interactive process in which nurses use the best available evidence to provide care. Sedgwick, Grigg and Dersch (2014) stated that decision making entails a combination of knowledge that stems from a nurse’s clinical expertise, the preferences of patients and the clinical evidence to make the right option for taking care of the patient. Both the decision-making and clinical reasoning are aimed at providing the appropriate care for patients. The two approaches put into consideration the preference of the patient. Clinical reasoning is a cycle approach that considers the situation of the patient, collection of essential information, processing the information, and identification of issues that affect the specified patient. On the other hand, decision-making is a prescriptive approach that helps in the selection of the best option based on the available clinical evidence. Thus, clinical reasoning serves as the starting point for decision-making. According to Mookherjee and Chou (2011), clinical reasoning takes place within the social relationship. It involves the health care providers, family, and the patient. Concept of Clinical Reasoning in Advanced Physical Assessment in Nursing In advanced nursing, nurses are supposed to use salient cues and make clinical decisions quickly (Tanner, 2006). This is important in critical access hospitals. Physical assessment requires nurses to understand and utilize the valuable patterns of clinical reasoning by application of situational learning that leverages creative and reflective minds. Clinical reasoning helps nurses to apply the right skills in the assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of patient care in different contexts (Sedgwick et al., 2014). For example, when assisting a patient who has undergone total hip replacement surgery with ambulation, the involved nurse is supposed to gather the information that relates to the process of recovery, involvement of family and the willingness of the patient to take analgesics before trying to move. The assessment of the cues and the information helps the nurse to determine the factors that may hinder the recovery of the patient. Andersson, Klang and Petersson (2012) noted that the clinical reasoning approach helps health care professionals to design a care plan that has a probable outcome based on the preference of the patient and the involvement of the family members. Clinical Example Critical thinking entails the use of co
Tissue and organ failure caused by burns and other types of injury on the human skin poses a major health problem, which has affected millions of people in the world throughout human history (Niklason and Langer 303). Burns is especially one of the major and most common causes of tissue and organ failure involving the skin. It is estimated that this problem accounts for about half of the total annual expenditure of healthcare in most countries, including the US. Currently, several options are available to treat tissue and organ failure resulting from major burns. For instance, surgical repair, drug therapy, transplantation (such as human or xenotransplantation), mechanical devices, and prostheses are available for application (Priya, Jungvid, and Ashok 105). Although these techniques have been used over time, they are less effective in managing the problem, especially in cases where the skin tissue or organ cannot be repaired or where long-term recovery cannot be achieved satisfactorily due to the extent of the burn (Pomahač ert al. 334). In fact, these methods cannot produce effective and satisfactory results in replacing the tissue (Lanza, Langer and Vacanti 123). These problems call for a better and more effective method or techniques for providing remedies to patients with extensive tissue and organ burns involving the skin (Lutolf and Hubbell 48). Tissue engineering has emerged as a significant and potential technique that provides humans with a complementary or alternative solution to the problem (Lee and Mooney 1882). In this case, tissue engineering seeks to address the problem of organ and tissue failure through the provision of a better and more effective technique such as natural implants, organ mimics that are functional from the beginning, organ mimics that grow towards full functionality, synthetic and semi-synthetic tissue grafting (Metcalfe and Ferguson 413). Previously, biomedical engineering focused on skin equivalents needed to treat major skin burns. Ho
Introduction   * Global warming had become a thorny issue by autumn of 1998.   * Different groups in the US embarked on a cost benefit analysis of reducing CO2 emissions.   * There were suspicions among countries on the reduction of global warming activities. While the opponents of climate change argued that the steps towards reducing CO2 emissions as required by the Kyoto Protocol were so expensive, the Clinton’s administration had forged bilateral agreements with industrialized nations on how to limit CO2 emissions. Most nations felt reluctant to join the initiative citing a research by former IPCC chair Bert Bolin. He predicted that the level of CO2 in the atmosphere will continue to rise, from 370ppm in 1998 to 392ppm by 2010, however much the Kyoto commitments are fulfilled. The Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol requires industrialized countries to reduce their greenhouse gases emissions by 5.2% in comparison to 1990 as the benchmark year. Other reports indicated the years 1998 and 1999 as the warmest, melting of ice at the North Pole during the summer and massive decrease in the thickness of polar ice to 5.9 feet in 1990s from 10.2 feet in the 1960s. The fourth Conference of the Parties (COP) in Buenos Aires, in Argentina, saw US join over 150 nations in signing the Kyoto Protocol. US received massive opposition from European nations, India and China; they claimed that US was trying to buy its way out of reducing the emissions through international trading emissions. As this hullabaloo continued, reports disclosed early onset of spring and an increase in the growing season from the Mediterranean Sea to sub-Arctic by eleven
The different entrepreneurs that exist consist of different formation procedures. This is evident from the research conducted on two different entrepreneur entities. This essay is going to analyze and present the experiences and tactical options taken by entrepreneurs from their formation to their success. From the results gathered from the interview, individual and different aspects of starting and running businesses motivate entrepreneurs. Lack of sufficient and adequate supply of goods and services is one of the key features that assist in the promotion of entrepreneurs. Numerous challenges hinder the establishment and growth of businesses. However, there are motivational features that can be used to overcome those challenges. The use of critical thinking and detailed research before the formation of any business is advisable in the establishment of a successful enterprise. The success of the business enterprise also depends on a lack of fear and initiation of passion in all aspects of the formation and running of the business. The success of a business is commonly governed by the attributes given in the running and maintenance of the business entity. Creativity is a feature that acts as the foundation of successful enterprises and business organs. This involves detailed research on the market trends and flows and the use of the laws of demand and supply. Mistakes and errors are part of the hiccups that are realized in business entities. The occurrence of mistakes in the flow of the business should be converted to be learning platforms. This assists in the eradication and avoidance of such errors and mistakes in the future. Customer satisfaction is fundamental in attaining the required goals in business. The adoption of customer satisfaction means that the customers will always use the services rendered by competent and satisfying suppliers. In the course of establishment, a business incurs losses and different forms of failures. These are used as learning platforms and future occurrence restricted. Entrepreneurship is not similar to white-collar jobs. The entire running and management of the business solely depend on the entrepreneur. This means that he/she arranges the business activities according to his individual plans without necessarily compromising on the family relationships. The adoption of new ideas is generated from the discovery of new ideas, meeting innovative personnel and by comparison with other well-established businesses. The funding of businesses is commonly self-funding. The expansion of th