ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Global Society and the Environment Environmental and social impacts are summarized into four major divisions. These divisions are; management of waste, effects on biodiversity, secondary effects, and eradication of poverty. Australian and South African Governments have continued formulating policies that govern environmental laws. These policies include the protection of biodiversity and the ecosystem. It is well understood that environmental laws are formulated according to the major factors that contribute to environmental degradation. Environmental conservation can reduce poverty in society. Poverty can be alleviated when environmental sustainability is attained (Kirchgeorg & Winn, 2006). Water life In Australia, uranium mines which are the major sources of nuclear power have caused impacts on water life. Laws governing water pollution are at an advanced stage of implementation notwithstanding. In Australia and South Africa, there are a good number of wetlands recognized at international levels. There is a common law that regulates water use systems between these two countries (Godden, 2005). The legal systems of these water laws were developed in response to well-watered European climatic conditions. Issues concerning leakage of mining fluids that have high levels of uranium and Manganese can now be tackled easily guided by these laws. Energy consumption Mining activities are well known for consuming great amounts of energy. Most of the energy is used in heavy-duty trucks that are used for transportation, earth moving equipment, and in the processing of the mineral, especially in coal mines. In South Africa, the government has been involved in the creation of new regulatory and fiscal frameworks for mining (Campbell, 2003). In this framework, mining companies intend to produce electricity as a by-product. Air pollution The number of emissions produced by mining activities can cause large scale pollution. Pollution of air can cause the emergence of acid rain which is dangerous. It is therefore imperative for the systems in place to come up with policies that govern the legislature on air pollution. For instance, Australia has recently come up with policies requiring that all the industries involved in this should be licensed and monitored. (Queensland Government, 2010). Effects on land Mining usually curves the land thus creating a permanent change of the morphology of the land in question. Surface subsidence often occurs in places where underground mining of salt domes, gold, coal, and other minerals is practi
Introduction Fuel is pivotal in the successful running of any business and especially in the transport industry like the airline industry, which is involved in massive transporting activities. There is no reasonable doubt therefore that high fuel costs have an adverse impact on the running of any organisation. Fuel prices have become a challenge in the recent past because they are usually increasing at a speedy and sudden rate. Most often, much focus is placed on the effect of fuel prices on the lives of people. In such a case, people are advised on unnecessary spending by cutting down on fuel costs. Less attention however is placed on the effect of the high fuel prices on organisations, which cannot run without fuel since it facilitates almost all of the operations in any organisation. The airline industry precisely is overly reliant on fuel and as a result is deemed to be most affected by the high fuel prices. One such airline is the Dnata Company, whose survival is hanging on a thin thread given its current financial crisis. It is very ironical that the United Arab Emirates is the fourth region across Arab high in oil production yet is ranked the third country with high oil prices. The effects of high fuel prices have crippled the prognoses of the Dnata Company as at now attributed to high operational costs in comparison to revenues obtained. Revenues obtained are almost equivalent to the fuel costs. Notwithstanding the high fuel prices, Dnata has managed to survive in business until this far even though many similar companies have collapsed along the way. It is therefore believed that it will still survive this financial ordeal that it is currently experiencing. Most of the times when fuel prices are high, the prices imposed on customers escalate as well. However, it is interesting to note that Dnata is still experiencing financial crisis. Apparently, it seems that increasing service prices would not be an ideal remedy due to the triple whammy effect of the high fuel prices. Not only do high fuel prices slow a country’s economic growth and place financial strain on companies, they rob consumers their purchasing power. As a result, business is slow because clients cannot spend much. The situation becomes much worse if the prices are increased. It is intriguing to know that in all these years Dnata has survived in the industry despite the unstable oil prices in UAE. This study will therefore seek to investigate the past performance of Dnata in spite of rapidly increasing fuel prices and compare
Introduction Cocoa is one of the most popular products around the world. It is used to make coffee, chocolate, and a variety of other popular products. This versatility makes it an especially profitable resource. The cocoa tree is native to the Amazon and has been domesticated by pre-Columbian cultures such as Olmecs and Mocayas and later used by Mayans for various purposes. The earliest evidence of cocoa beans being consumed shows that they were used as far back as 1500 BC. However, the modern use of cocoa did not occur until the 17th century. This paper will provide background information on cocoa, investments related to it, its relation to Fairtrade, as well as risks for humans and the environment related to it. Background Cocoa beans grow in long pods that can have more than 40 seeds inside. The pods have thick skin which protects them from outside damage. After gathering the seeds, they are put through a fermentation process. Subsequently, the beans are dried, roasted, and then cleaned through an ancient process called “winnowing.” The trees themselves can only grow in rainy tropical areas around the equator. One of the unique aspects of the tree is that it is able to produce pods over the whole year, which makes the harvest process almost continuous. It is done by using a long pole with a curved knife attached to the end of it. A person may be able to harvest hundreds of pods in one day. After the beans are prepared, they a shipped to facilities in a dry container. On arrival, they may be used in the production of coffee, chocolate, or any other related product (“History of cocoa,” 2018). Cocoa production grew exponentially over the decades, with more than 5 million tons of cocoa beans being shipped worldwide today. Countries such as the Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Indonesia produce the largest amount of cocoa beans in the world. While there are three primary types of cocoa plants, the vast majority of the product is created from the Forastero variety. Criollo and Trinit
Decolonization affected the world in many different ways because the process was very long and global. Firstly, we have to say about the direct impact of decolonization on the colonized territories. The partition of the British Indian Empire into independent India and Pakistan provoked a gigantic population swap, with hundreds of thousands of people on both sides dying of starvation. The territorial disputes between the two splinters of British India remain unresolved to this day. In India, the chaos that followed independence was only halted when a Hindu fanatic nearly killed the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi. Today, however, the outcome of British colonial rule in India does not look so unambiguous. From the British, India inherited its parliamentary system, making it the “largest democracy in the world”. Moreover, thanks in no small part to the mass familiarity of Indians with
Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness attracts a particularly harsh brand of criticism for its allegedly racist depictions of African blacks in the Congo at the turn of the 20 th century. Certain critics, including Lennard J. Davis, consider removing the novel from the literary teaching canon, because of the “sadness and weariness” it evokes in students of color, who wonder “why this book [is] assigned so often…when it so clearly depicted Africans as nameless, faceless, miserable people without any individual identities” (Davis B9). The students of color are of course, quite correct. Heart of Darkness remains a wholly racist account of a wholly racist endeavor – the wholesale pillaging of Africa’s natural resources, under the auspices of civilization. For the purposes of this paper, the racist nugget at the core of Heart of Darkness will be neither argued nor defended. Instead, let us look at the broader picture to which Heart of Darkness alludes: the reality that racism and imperialism are one in the same. In fact, imperialism cannot succeed without racism. Racism represents the psychological and emotional state necessary for imperialism, specifically imperialist commerce, to function effectively. Let us begin with the novel. Conrad’s protagonist Marlow represents the point of view of his time and of his trade. He views most Africans with contempt, as shown here: “An athletic black belonging to some coast tribe…was the helmsman. He sported a pair of brass earrings, wore a blue cloth wrapper from the waist to the ankles, and thought all the world of himself. He was the most unstable kind of fool I had ever seen” (Conrad 59). Marlow’s derisive language, particularly the use of the words “some” and “fool,” successfully denigrates the helmsman to a lower status. Similarly, Conrad continually dehumanizes the Africans in Heart of Darkness . The novel bursts with numerous descriptions likening Marlow’s crew, and those tribe members he meets along the river, to animals and insects, as evidenced herein: “That fool helmsman…was lifting his knees high, stamping his feet, champing his mouth, like a reined-in horse” (Conrad 60). When happening upon a village of Africans on the river, Marlow describes the settlement thus: “A lot of people, mostly black and naked, moved about like ants” (Conrad 18). Marlow’s racist attitude also appears in his continued speculation as to who the Africans are, and how their culture evolved, while simultaneously displaying complete dismissiveness and contempt for their culture as a whole. An example of this occurs when Marlow meets the cannibals, and observes that “I don’t think a single one of them had any clear idea of time, as we at the end of countless ages have. They still belonged t
The main aim of most businesses is to generate maximum profits at minimum cost. However, many organizations face challenges in their operation. Reducing material, labor and other costs become essential if any profits need be achieved. To achieve ideal production levels, the production manager should be very careful while making decisions. Revenues increment recommendation Revenue is the resultant product of selling price and quantity. Clear Hear Company does not have the ability to meet the capacity required by Big Box company since they can only produce and sell 70,000 units out of 100,000 units. If Kendra considers selling 70000 of Alpha, then revenue will be 15*70,000 = $1,050,000. The revenue generated from selling 30,000 units of Beta is 30000*14 = $420,000. However, Big Box wants to buy 100,000 units for $15 per handset, earning Clear Hear a revenue of 15*100000 = $1,500,000 which is relatively low. OEM management team considered buying Alpha at $14 per handset. This will generate revenue of $1,400,000. If Clear Hear produced 100,000 units of Alpha, it would have earned total revenue of $1,500,000 from the sale. This is more than OEM business order by a margin of $1,000,000. As a result, it has recommended Clear Hear to sell 70,000 units of alpha and 30000 units of Beta so as to earn revenue of $14700. Achieving ideal production level The quantity of the manufactured products is dependent on the machineries being used. Companies with large and efficient plants can meet or exceed their production capacity. An ideal level of production considers the level of demand and supply (Khanna & Jain, 2010, pp. 16). Currently, the demand for Alpha mobile handsets exceeds the supply. As a result, the firm loses its operation since it is not able to exploit the market opportunity which would enable the firm maximize its sales revenue. How fixed and variable costs should be adjusted to maximize profit There are two main types of costs. These include the fixed and variable cost. Fixed costs remain unchanged irrespective of volume of activity within a given range. Whether a company or business produces the units or, the expenses have to be met. The costs must be cleared after attaining a range of products or within the given time boundary. One example of fixed cost is rent. On the other hand, variable costs depend on the volume of activity. The higher the volume of production, the higher the variable costs. Examples of variable cost include water and electricity. In such an instance, the cost would be fixed costs include rent, advertising, electricity bill, wages and telephone charge since they increase with every unit of mobile phone produced. To maximize profit, unnecessary costs incurred by the firm must be identified and eliminated. For example, idle and reluctant employees should go unpaid. Identifying methods to reduce costs Costs are incurred so as to earn revenues. However some costs are exorbitantly high such that they diminish the profit generated. There are a number of ways to reduce cost of operation which can be considered by the management team. Some of these are explained include: Innovation: This entails finding ne
What are the benefits to retailers of adopting TAL’s VMI system? The TAL VMI system is beneficial to retailers because they can make replenishment inventory decisions on behalf of consumers. The VMI system also allows retailer to initiate purchase order transactions. Under normal circumstances, the buyer would have to initiate such a transaction. Through the VMI system, buyers lose control over crucial resupply decision (Farhoomand 5). Such decisions are then assumed by the retailer. Moreover, the financial responsibility of the buyer for the inventory can also be transferred to the retailer. There is also the issue of reduced costs. Most supply chains are faced with the key challenge of demand volatility, and this erodes both product revenues and customer service. Many retailers find the VMI system attractive because it reduces demand uncertainty (Farhoomand 6). VMI dampens the valleys and peaks of demand. Orders almost always arrive at the same time and as a result, the retailer can satisfy all the delivery requests simultaneously. Is TAL’s VMI system a strategic resource for TAL? TAL’s VMI system is a strategic resource for TAL because it has enabled the company to enhance its performance measure by delivery products on time. It has also allowed the company to execute different activities including ordering of products, manufacturing of the ordered products, and packaging and shipping, coordination between various departments as shipping, accounting, legal, and IT simultaneously. Moreover, the VMI system has enabled TAL Apparel to shorten the supply chain and consequently, reduce the addition costs (Farhoomand 8). Besides, the system enables the company to maintain a centralized focus. There is also the issue of frequent communication of stock-outs and inventory, leading to savings in time and valuable resources. When TAL Apparel adopted the VMI system, one of its leading clients, J. D. Penney, recorded approximately $ 2 million in annual savings (Farhoomand 8). In addition, the company’s inventory turnover rose massively to 35%, while there was a 5% in gross margins. What are the obstacles that might prevent retailers from adopting TAL’s VMI system? Although TAL’s Apparel has implemented its VMI system successfully, retailers might be a bit hesitant to adopt it for a number of reasons. To start with, the system would bring to an end the practice of forward buying and diverting. Through forward buying, retailers can pass along savings owing to significantly reduced acquisition costs. The adoption of VMI system would also imply that the retailers lose control over taking of orders (Tempelmeier 81). For the successful implementation of the VMI sys
You are a government minister. What arguments might you put forward in favor of maximizing the revenue from cigarette taxation? Several arguments can be used to support the idea of maximizing cigarette taxation. To begin with, cigarette taxation can be a good source of revenue. When the government gets increased revenues from cigarettes, it can address a wide range of health challenges affecting its people. The second argument is that increased taxes will encourage more citizens to quit smoking. Many analysts and experts believe strongly that the taxation initiative can augment other measures aimed at dealing with the problem of smoking. The problem of passive smoking will be minimized when the number of smokers decreases. Past researches have also indicated that smoking causes forest fires. Studies have also shown conclusively that smokers tend to have higher chances of causing road accidents. These problems can be put forward in favor of increased cigarette taxation. What has been the likely impact on businesses and individuals of the ban on smoking in public places? The major companies producing or marketing cigarettes are affected negatively by policies banning smoking in public places. The ban will reduce the number of people who smoke. Consequently, the companies will record minimized sales and profits. Many emerging businesses have been affected by the policies. The policies are critical because they force many people to change their smoking habits and behaviors. Some experts have argued significantly that the policies might help more people quit smoking. On the other side, banning smoking in public areas will address the health challenges affecting many passive smokers. Passive smoking is a major problem affecting many individuals across the globe. A 2010 HMRC study on smoking estimates the long-term elasticity of demand as -0.57, with a short-term elasticity of -1.05. Explain these figures. This study conducted by the HMRC in 2010 presents interesting facts about cigarette demand and consumer behaviors. According to the study, the long-term elasticity of cigarette demand is around -0.57 while the short-term one is -1.05. These figures show conclusively that cigarettes tend to have a price-inelastic demand. This means that a direct taxation policy targeting cigarettes will only discourage a very small percentage of customers from smoking. The number of individuals who quit smoking will decrease significantly in the long run. The study goes further to indicate that a new policy aimed a
Abstract Research has been very critical towards the progressive use of any report. It helps to establish the factual ground for critical arguments about the social environment. It points out the strengths and weaknesses of the development of philosophy. Advanced Practice Nurses’ work helps to solve many mysteries in the health sector concerning sicknesses. With the advent of social media, there has been an increase in the use of social networking forums to update people with information. Therefore, a study of the reliability of the social network and its impact on their work is critical. The study will use the experimental design to find and provide information about social networking among nurses. It will use the grounded theory to establish factual information on the same. The prospective method will guide the acquisition of data and its application. There will be a need to guide the officials and the participants on how to deal with the arguments for and against the study. The officials will establish the rules that will enable the study to address the limitations. The Study Design and Approach The research will use an experimental design (Gellman & Turner, 2013). It will lead to the manipulation of the predictor variable (the social media). One group will become the experimental group that uses social media, and the other will be in the inert condition. The study has a high level of control and reliability. The research will use the grounded theory to determine the results. It develops a phenomenon of interest (Polit & Beck, 2016). In this case, the interest is social media use in the Advanced Practice Nurses’ work. The theory is rooted in the observation. The choice results from its ability to raise generative questions and the use of core theoretical concepts. Data Retrieval The study will use the prospective method to retrieve data. It is the best choice because prospective studies examine the outcome of the research and do not rely on history (Polit & Beck, 2016). It will examine the development of social networks among the nurses and relate them to other factors. Threats to the Validity of the Study During the period of collection of data and analysis of the same, there are expected to be some threats. The threats will include the following:   * Refusal to share information from some of the group members   * The privacy of the members might be exposed, and they may not be ready for the outcome   * The permission from the reliable hospital might come with certain restrictions   * The results may not be acceptable to buy everyone   * The research will require various authorities to acknowledge. It will put pressure on the availability of time.   * It will consume a lot of time because it might take some months to get the result. It might raise anxiety among the participants   * The tampering with the information in the lab may lead to wrong results   * The control group might collude to give false information to the interviewer   * The institution that the nurses work for mig
Introduction Apparently, sporadic changes have been observed in the market field in day-to-day live. Such changes have been implemented with the ultimate goal of making markets potential areas for carrying out business activities. Ideally, derivative markets are based on an underlying market. In this light, such market can be of different forms ranging from individual stock market, indices and currency-based market. Furthermore, it is also applied as a gear towards the buying and selling of some types of commodities. In essence, derivative markets are categorized into two forms where the investor can decide whether he or she should purchase and sell the product in the form of futures or over the counter. However, the investors’ preference to engage in derivatives depends on their distinct type handled by an individual. In the case of future market, there are several business places almost all over the world that are involved actively in such types of market as the Chicago mercantile exchange in USA. On the other hand, it also involves the selling and purchasing of future contracts between the two participating partners. This aspect inculcates the form of asset where financial instruments such as the future option are derived. From a business point-of-view, the position produced by these transactions is often equivalent to zero. Furthermore, there are also the on-counter derivative markets. In these scenarios, large institutions such as investment banks, government bodies, and hedge funds are often seen as the perfect potential business customers by the financiers. This aspect is attributed to the trading activities on the forms of markets involved in the use of derivative credits. Evaluation and Explanation on how the Clearing House Operates to Protect Future Markets A clearing house is a fiscal organization that offers clearance and settlement services between the trading firms for financial and commodities’ derivatives, as well as securities’ transactions.