ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In an employment situation, leaders should understand their employees to develop effective employees’ motivation mechanisms. Fulfillment of psychological contracts between the employer and employee facilitates development and reinforcement of good employee’s relation. To analyze a real practical example, let us take an example of information technology departments consisting of specialist and their support staffs. The management should ensure that the employees are effectively vetted before engaging them. Their salary package should be attractive enough and have mechanism and systems to be utilized to communicate their issues to the management. The human resources department should bleach the gap between the employees and the management. The management should look into satisfaction, intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors and benefits to motivate their staffs. More emphasis should be placed on extrinsic factors. Gender mix in an organization affects the performance of a department; the management should have appropriate measures to ensure that there is a health combination of age, gender and expertise. Correlation research A correlation research is a qualitative and quantitative method of research, where a positive relationship existing between two or more variable from the same population or subject is established. In the study, some variables that influence each other in one way or another, what is important is to understand how these variables affect each other. Relationship between variables is measured from +1 to -1, where +1 are variables with perfect correlation where by a unit change in variable A in direction 1, leads to a unit change in variable A in the same direction. A correlation of -1 means that the variables are perfectly uncorrelated; a change in variable A in direction 1 leads to a change in variable B in the opposite direction. When the correlation is zero, then there is no correlation between the variables
Have you ever wondered what could happen, if countries around the world had no institutions that oversee the state of their security? What if a person considers taking the laws in his or her hands? Could there be peace which is an essential aspect in business today? The idea of subjecting an individual to natural rights within his or her environs is what defines the term libertarianism. These natural rights include property rights, an individual’s self rule and making use of neglected resources. There are two versions of libertarianism which include:   * Total libertarianism Individuals, especially those involved in businesses should be permitted to do their tasks freely for their businesses to expand beyond borders. By this, the version emphasizes the idea that the government should consider coming up with rules and regulations that protect the right of an individual‘s set of properties. This means that it should not meddle with any individual’s modes of trade, thus an indication that one can opt to dominate in the market since he or she is protected by laws that do not permit other individuals from interfering with his or her properties. Total libertarianism ensures that a force from any existing government institution, theft, and fraud do not exist in the world of business. The strongest part of this version is that it allows an individual to exploit his or her potentials, therefore, enabling the business to grow. The worst part of this version is that it does not give an individual a chance to share ideas with other institutions because of the liberty subjected to him or her.   * Moderate libertarianism Having some set of rules and regulations that protect a business from free market is an important aspect because it encourages the process of sharing business ideas with business oriented people. It is also a reasonable version since it ensures that there is equal and free market competition among different countries that share trading ground. This ensures equal distribution of resources because goods and services will be flowing from one country to another. Moderate libertarianism is also important because it encourages the development of various places where the trading activity takes place. The problem with this version is that free market will encourage production of counterfeit goods and services which are harmful to a consumer. Another problem with this version is that the rates of taxation will increase no matter how hard the prices of various commodities are reduced since the government depends on its own economy. Moderate libertarianism is a free market philos
Synopsis Thesis statement: In a status hierarchy, men are closely associated with such phenomena as aggression, intense competition, violence, and war 1 . Main points of the article   * In the animal kingdom, violence within a species is rare but when it occurs, it is often limited to infanticide by males who desire to mate with the mother and eradicate a rival’s offspring.   * In chimps, like in humans, males are the ones involved in coalition building and violence   * Whereas male chimps practice realpolitik, their female counterparts have relationships   * Male bonding is to a large extent, genetic, and tends to predate the human species   * The noble savage idea holds that patriarchy and violence are either rooted in capitalism or the Western-Judeo Christian tradition   * The systematic mass killings of women, men and children that took place in Neolithic times were largely due to violence perpetrated by men. The same could be said of Cambodia, Bosnia, and the Holocaust.   * All Western and postindustrial societies are moving towards a world run by women, which would essentially follow different rules from one run by men. 1. Francis, Fukuyama, “ Women and the evolution of world politics”, Foreign Affairs 77, no. 5 (1998): 24-40   * Although women have risen in terms of leadership positions, men are still expected to play a pivotal role in matters governance, especially in postindustrial countries   * Males and females experience profound differences and these are mainly genetic, more than culturally rooted.   * One of the clearest differences between the sexes (male and female) is with respect to aggression and violence.   * Because men are more prone to violence and aggression compared with women, in a truly matriarchal; world, we are likely to witness less conflict, more cooperation and conciliation that is the case today.   * Men harbor aggressive tendencies towards each other and it is very hard to eliminate this. Connections to Environment The article has addressed the issue of environment adequately. For example, the author reports of a study carried out by Frans de Waal, a primatologist, on a chimp colony at a zoo in Netherlands where a young male chimp formed a coalition with another younger and energetic male chimp to unseat the aging alpha male of the colony 1 . The article has also talked of how a group of chimps in a national park in Tanzania. In a study that was carried by Jane Goodwall, the aforementioned group of chimps broke into two factions- the southern faction, and the northern one. 1. Francis, Fukuyama, “ Women and the evolution of world politics”, Foreign Affairs 77, no. 5 (1998): 24-40 The article reports how a group of chimps from the northern gang would pounce on unsuspecti
Introduction Throughout the history, people have been faced with numerous questions about the universe, the creator, life after death and other fundamental questions that seem to have no definite answers. Consequently, people have turned to arguments that are not based on sight, but rather, on faith and belief. Different societies exhibit their faith in the sacred realm of the spirit in various ways. Some associate it with gods and goddesses, and others with spirits of ancestors or nature and one God (Sayre 53). While some forms of faith have vanished with the passage of time, others have remained small and local. Some forms of faith like Christianity and Islam have become significant religions that attract believers from all around the universe. Art has played a vital role in the relationship between human beings and the sacred realm. It has allowed individuals and groups of individuals to envision, honor and communicate with their sacred realm (Sayre 53). This paper compares two works of architecture that were created to provide a setting to perform rituals of worship and prayer. These are the Sainte-Chapelle, or holy chapel located in Paris, and the Great Mosque at Córdoba, Spain. The Saint-Chapelle The holy chapel located in Spain is a spectacle that was commissioned in 1239 by the French king Louis IX. Its purpose was to hold a variety of vital set of relics that the king had obtained. These relics comprised pieces of the True Cross, the Crown of Thorns, and other instruments of Christ’s Passion. The architects involved in its design created a high vertical space with walls that appeared like stained glass. The light passing through the glass wall forms a glittering effect that alters the interior into a radiant eerie space that creates an impression of the glory of heaven (Papanicolaou 57). Sainte-Chapelle uses a series of high vertical buttresses that are linked horizontally by iron tie-rods that encircle the building, concealed in the masonry. They pass across the windows as part of the framework supporting the glass. Acquisition of the relics from the emperors of Constantinople was aimed at increasing the religious and political influence of both France and Paris. The Sainte-Chapelle, which housed the relics, served as a representation of royalty by divine right. The relics were displayed and worshipped in the upper chapel while the lower chapel served as a place of worship for the palace staff. The structure used a basilica-type layout with an arc shaped apse, which served as the model for other Holy chapels (Papanicolaou 58). The lower chapel comprises a statue of Virgin Mary, a thirteenth century fresco, and struts that connect the ais
Summary The article under analysis is called Handwriting Rediscovered . Its main idea runs that cursive writing reflects personality, a unique record that characterizes authentically human features. The author focuses on the decreased popularity of handwriting because of the advances in technology. More and more students prefer using laptops for printing their notes and essays whereas notes made in books and sheets of paper are not in the limelight. Technology vs. Humans: Exploring the Benefits of Cursive Writing The fact that technological advancement has significantly changed all spheres of human activity is undeniable. People are now more likely to apply to modern methods sending letters, communicating people via cell phones, and travelling by means of plains. Even such an ancient activity as handwriting has gradually been removed by printing devices and laptops. Teachers are more inclined to use PowerPoint presentations during lectures rather than using blackboard for making notes. However, shifting from old-fashioned manners of writing to computer print, there is something that most people might lose. They might lose their personality, their selves because handwriting mirrors personal ideas that are put between lines. Following fashionable styles and manners is often a challenge. However, it is also a shift from obsolete techniques in carrying out specific activities. Hence, people should strike the balance between cursive writing and print writing because there a number of advantages of the handwriting. First of all, handwriting allow your understand your personality and your attitude to a topic. It is impossible to express emotion while typing down the notes to a printed text. Second, stream of consciousness writing technique allow a person to understand how could an future essay can be constructed, as well as how certain purposes can be achieved. Finally, handwriting can be characterized in terms of nature of cursive writing. Nature of unique recording that seeks not only to render an abstract idea that is impossible to achieve by means of finger typing. While writing and drawing every detail of a letter, one can better concentrate on the essence of future sentences. Besides, it is the best way to activate your brain activities by practicing your finger and arm muscles. What is more important is that it trains various types of memories that are helpful in certain professions. While making notes on the sheet of papers, it is possible to rec
Big O Notation is a method used to describe time and space that are required for conducting an algorithm. Thus, this method is used when it is necessary to measure and clarify how the number of operations in an algorithm can scale as a function depending on changes in the input (Christian & Griffiths, 2016). Big O Notation is helpful to explain the behavior of algorithms with reference to changes in the size of specific input data. As a result, the use of Big O Notation allows for classifying behaviors of algorithms with the focus on time and space categories, or time and space complexity 1 . The examples of Big O Notation may be provided with the focus on the time complexity or the runtime of algorithms as this category is most actively measured and described by scientists (VanderPlas, 2016). Therefore, the key question that can be answered with the help of Big O Notation is the following one: how much slower or faster can a certain algorithm run if more data are added (for instance, 10,000 items instead of 1)? If a person wants to predict and describe changes in resource needs depending on the growth of the input data, he or she applies Big O Notation for a selected algorithm. For example, while developing a rating and using an appropriate algorithm, it is important to know how this algorithm will work during the worst-case scenario when the involved data becomes significantly bigger and how much time will be required. The use of Big O Notation will help to describe specific resource needs depending on increases in the data important for creating a rating system. This type of formal notational approaches is known as an asymptotic notation. It is important to pay attention to the fact that this specific method was proposed by Paul Bachmann in 1892, and it was described by the mathematician and theorist in his Analytic Number Theory . This approach was also developed by Edmund Landau, and Big O Notation is also known today as the Bachmann – Landau notation (Christian & Griffiths, 2016; VanderPlas, 2016). Thus, the notation became actively used in science in the 19th century. There are four common behavior types that are associated with Big O Notation: a) constant; b) linear; c) logarithmic; d) quadratic. In spite of the fact that there are more behavior types, these four algorithms are mostly used by scientists and programmers in their practice. These behaviors need to be discussed in detail:   * Constant ( O (1)): In this behavior, the runtime of an algorithm does not depend on the number of elements. The same time will be required for an algorithm in spite of the amount of input data (VanderPlas, 2016). For example, this behavior can be used in order to assess a single action in relation to the group of elements in one array.   * Linear ( O (n)): In this behavior, the runtime increases in accordance with the growth of elements (Christian & Griffiths, 2016). Thus, when the input doubles, the runtime will also double. This behavior can be applied
Abstract Bonds and variants, such as debentures, loans, and notes, are IOUs provided by governments, administrations, and corporations as a method of fund generation. Often, financial institutions refer bonds to as fixed income and fixed interest securities. The distinguishing factor between bonds and equities is that returns from bonds are at regular intervals. However, the case is not always the same, at the time the returns are not predictable. The bonds earn fixed interest payments. As such, the interest differs from the dividends paid on equities, which at times are variable. In most of the financial institutions, they allow redeeming of bonds after a specified period. Vanilla bond is not an exception to the other type of bonds, and thus, the bond owners are assured of interest at a fixed interval. The main advantage of the regular payment is the capability to acquire more bonds at the time of redemption. Introduction A bond is a debt security. A bond is as an instrument of indebtedness by the bond issuer to any bondholder. Under some agreed terms, the bond issuer owes the investor a particular debt. This essay analyzes different aspects of bond evaluation. These elements include the types of bonds, bond evaluation methods, factors affecting bond valuation and relevant terminologies in bond valuation. The essay adequately analyzes protective methods and bond aspects. It, therefore
Originally, statisticians resort to numerous tools which are often utilized for general business improvement and industrial problem solving. Nevertheless, it is emphasized there is a broad gap between the tools and what is generally practiced in business and organizations. From this point of view it is necessary for statisticians to direct serious attention to bridging this gap if statistics is to be relevant in business and industry and to the society at large. Values of Statistical tools:   * Measuring uncertainty.   * Enhancing of reliability.   * Indication of the strength of the results.   * They show central tendency of the results.   * They help to achieve sustainable business improvements with emphasis on verifiable financial results.   * They provide a consistent, quantitative, problem solving methodology. (Summers, 2004). Specific examples Basic statistical tools required to function are increasingly dependent on quantitative information. It is a set of decision making techniques which helps the businessmen in drawing inferences from the available data. Thus, the practical application of these
Unfortunately, cases of unprofessional behavior among doctors are often reported in different parts of the globe. Among the most significant issues which can be observed in such cases are competency, responsibility, attitude to patients and the other hospital personnel, and behavior during working hours. In the following paper, a particular case of unprofessionalism will be examined in terms of the main issues of blunder. Overall, the evaluation of the case under consideration shows that the doctor demonstrated a disrespectful attitude to the patient along with showing a significant measure of incompetence. The case under consideration in this paper happened in 2011 with one of my relatives. The lady went to see a dermatologist as she was experiencing hives located on her legs; in addition, the lady was pregnant in her third month. The problems the patient experienced began even before her entering the doctor’s room as the last one was late for half an hour for his pre-scheduled session. Next, interviewing the patient, the doctor was in a hurry as the other patients were waiting for their sessions. As a result, proper attention was not paid to this lady. Instead, without any properly taken analyses, the doctor prescribed the patient a number of medicines for the most diversified problems including antiallergenic ones, antibiotics, medicines for stomach and antiallergenic problems, and finally, strong antiseptic uncture for local administration. Fortunately, the lady had a medical education and knew what all these medicines were. So, she went to the other doctor who quickly identified her problem as pregnancy intoxication and prescribed her antiallergenic drugs. Evaluating this case, a number of significant issues of unprofessionalism on the part of a doctor can be identified. First of all, the doctor’s attitude to his scheduled arrangement with the patient is inappropriate (Arnold, Assessing Professional Behavior 507). Secondly, having not enough time for proper interrogation and examination, the doctor demonstrated terrible incompetence (Medical Professionalism par.34). The situation was complicated by the fact that the lady was pregnant; thus, the life of the embryo was at risk (Vikram par. 15). As a result, the health and even lives of two individuals were threatened by the actions of the doctor. Reflecting on the events of the case under consideration, it is important to state that the doctor showed utter unprofessionalism. The issues which are rife in connection to this case are mainly related to such critically important areas as attitude to the patients and competence. Still, according to Arnold (Medical Professionalism, 4), the above-mentioned areas are the most important in medical practice. This sad experience suggests a conclusion that all the aspects of medical practice are connected. In this vein, when the doctor failed to show respect for his scheduled sessions this led to one more problem, namely, the lack of time. This problem, in turn, made the doctor be in a hurry while examining the patient; so, it was difficult for him to define the source of the problem, and prescribe due treatment. In conclusion, the
Introduction Teaching across cultures involves teaching people from different classes in terms of social, economic, political as well as religious background. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that influence health-seeking behavior among different cultures or groups of people. In this paper, the client of assessment is a group of people working in the same manufacturing company in the city but holding different positions and responsibilities. The teaching topic for this group of employees is pollution and the diseases related to it. The choice of this topic is convenient for this particular group because working in the same company with different responsibilities ranging from managers, accountants, secretaries, drivers, messengers, and even cleaners, implies that their income varies and hence their living standards. This topic is very exploitative on this group of people and therefore of great significance to health promotion and disease prevention. Working in the same environment probably exposes them to similar environmental pollutants depending on nature and also the location of the company. However, other factors may influence the effect of pollution on different people in this company and they are going to be discussed later in this piece of work. Significance of the topic By teaching the employees of this company about pollution and its effects on their health will help them to be able to protect themselves from hazardous pollutants and consequently prevent diseases. Factors affecting health-seeking behavior Teaching on environmental pollution will help these clients to be conscious of their environment and their body health. There are many factors that influence their health-seeking behaviors. These factors include;   * social-economic factors   * education level   * personality   * cultural beliefs   * age   * family background   * Health status. These factors are explained below in detail so that they can be understood for the sake of trying to promote health and prevent pollution-related diseases. Dr. David N. Schwartz MD, Director NIEHS said that; “People tend to talk most often and loudly about those things which they are passionate about. In reality, it is my role as a physician that has enabled me to recognize that clinical research and fundamental research in disease prevention are not separate paths, but rather intricately and necessarily connected approaches to achieving health.” It is therefore clear that research on the factors that influence health-seeking behavior is necessary for health promotion and disease prevention purposes. Social-economic factors This is the main