ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Receiving, giving, and sharing information is crucial to the success of any organisation.It is this important process that provides guidelines on what should be done, the standards set, and the expectations of the stakeholders. Any organisation is doomed without these three aspects. This research will analyse the different ways in which receiving, giving, and sharing information in an organisation can be made more efficient and reliable. Improving this process will ensure that there is no form of miscommunication. The paper will also discuss the pros and cons of using mobile phones and intranet as ways of enhancing communication in a firm. The main reason that led to choosing this topic is the crucial role played by communication in the workplace. It is arguable that communication can make or break an organisation. Mobile Phones Krizan, Merrier, and Logan (2010) observe that one of the most common and easiest ways of enhancing the sending and receiving of information in the workplace is through the use of mobile phones. Most organisations give company mobile phones to their employees. Therefore, the employees do not have to worry about airtime because the company caters the bill. The use of mobile phones for communication is a good strategy for big firms and organisations that have several branches. Mobile phones make communication easier because all one has to do to pick up the phone and make a call, without the need to travel to deliver the message. Another advantage of the use of mobile phones is that the message goes to the intended person only. Rasmussen, Mylonas, and Beck (2012) argue that some of the communication breakdowns experienced in organisations are as a result of sending the message to the wrong people. For instance, a message that is meant for the CEO is given to the executive manager of the department. As a result, no response is received from the CEO because he does not get the message in the first place. Another advantage of using mobile phones is that they can be used to talk to people in other branches. For example, if the organisation has an office in New York while its headquarters are in London, then persons in the two offices can still communicate efficiently using mobile phones. Rasmussen et al. (2012) assert that cell phones can be used at home. It is easier for someone to pick up a cell phone and make a call than to access their email on the computer. Mobile phones also ensure that the information that is passed is interpreted as expected. If the receiver of the message does not understand the instructions given, then they can quickly ask for clarification than asking for clarification via email. Mobile phones have several challenges when using them as communication tools in an organisation. For instance, acquiring mobile phones can be costly. Making international calls can also be very expensive for multinationals. On top of this, employees can change mobile phones for their personal use. Mobile phones can also switch off because they run on batteries; therefore, they need to be frequently charged. If a person forgets to charge the phone, then reaching them becomes difficult, and
The Flint municipal fiscal solvency’s goals subordinated the people of Flint, Michigan, and devalued their lives, illustrating a perfect example of racial capitalism and environmental racism resulting from ill-intentioned austerity measures. Laura Pulido’s article is centered on the themes of racial capitalism and environmental racism. The Flint crisis is a result of the neoliberal approach of the local state as opposed to the typical factors of environmental injustice; a polluter or a reckless emitter cutting costs. This story attracted widespread attention because of the more prominent political, historical, and economic factors behind it (Pulido 1). The municipal Emergency Fiscal Manager (EFM) was pin-pointed as the key player in the ordeal with his austerity measures. This controversy is one of the rare occasions when the public acknowledges that environmental racism is structural, as has been the case in the neoliberal and liberal eras. The people of Flint have been devalued, and the basis of this treatment is on their surplus status and blackness, two mutually constituted constructs. For many centuries, black and other non-white races have been subject to global capitalism (Pulido 2). The capital and local governments abandoned Flint decades ago, and it became increasingly for the poor, mostly Blacks. The evidence underscoring this neglect of this place includes the shrinking democratic practices, infrastructure, and services. For instance, the officials were well aware of the impact of their actions on the people of Flint, but they proceeded to poison their water. The city’s EFM sought an alternative water source instead of accepting the renegotiating terms with Detroit to continue using its river (Pulido 4). Therefore, this article argues that the easiest way to understand the Flint disaster is to use the apparent connection between capitalism and racism in that crisis. The author’s consistent use of ‘poisoning’ instead of ‘contamination’ is justified because the former is deliberate and evil while the latter could not have revealed the author’s stance regarding this ordeal. The two main factors leading to the poisoning of the city of Flint are capitalism and racism. People of color have always been viewed as a “surplus” population, and this example illustrates how they are devalued based on their race and social class (Pulido 1). The city was slowly decapitated through the promotion of white flight, which neoliberalism policies facilitated. As a result, there were massive cuts to social services because of the shrinking tax base. Amid this challenging economic state, the local state, through its tyrannical Emergency Fiscal Manager, Darnell Earley, used austerity measures even when it was evident that it was difficult to make up the tax base difference (Pulido 4). This decision is a clear illustration of the intertwinement between environmental racism
Trial balances and an audit trail are some of the useful reports in the running of a business. “A trial balance is chiefly prepared to examine the arithmetic accuracy of accounts” (Banerjee 2010, p. 273). For that reason, a trial balance is not an account, but a list of account balances. “In accounting, an audit trial is the sequence of paperwork that validates or invalidates accounting entries” (Rouse 2005, para. 1). In computing terms, an audit trial is an electronic log that tracks all activities of a computer (Rouse 2005). This essay explains the usefulness of a trial balance and the audit trial in a business. A trial balance is prepared at the end of a financial period. Therefore, it is an important undertaking when a business is closing its books. A trial balance is used to find out whether a company’s books are still in balance (Banerjee 2010). In addition, a trial balance enables a business to trace errors in accounting entries. One finds out that there are errors in the various entries when the trial balance fails to balance. Some of these errors include failure to book one side of a ledger account, entering different figures for the same entry and booking a debit entry as a credit entry or a credit entry as a debit entry (Banerjee 2010). However, a trial balance does not disclose all errors. Some of the errors not disclosed by a trial balance include errors of commission, omission and principle (Banerjee 2010). There are two methods of extracting a trial balance. The first method involves use of ledger account balances. In this case, all debit balances are listed on the left side of a trial balance and the credit balances on the right. The other method involves use of control accounts such as the sales and purchases ledger (Angelfire, n.d.). An audit trial is a report that confirms that certain accounting operations or events took place at a given time (Rouse 2005). Therefore, an audit trial traces the source of accounting information (Investopedia n.d.). In addition, this report records improper activity in a company’s computing department. In e-commerce, companies use audit trial to document customers’ activities (Rouse 2005). All the transactions between the company and the customer are, hence, recorded in an audit trial. These records are later used to respond promptly to inquiries and complaints from customers. Improper market activities are also traced using an audit trial (Investopedia n.d.). In this case, an audit trial analyses and documents all brokers and houses taking part in a specific trade. As a result, it is easier to indentify a culprit when problems arise. An audit trial can also be used to reconcile accounts. In addition, this report facilitates planning and budgeting as it provides a historical report. Moreover, incase of tax audits, an audit trial provides a record showing all sales entries. Furthermore, an audit trial is one of the most important tools in investigations involving cybercrimes (Rouse 2005). For instance, investigators follow the activity log of a hacker’s internet service provider t
Introduction Many organizations face numerous administration challenges in their management and operations to meet the customer’s needs. For any organization to effectively function and achieve its goals, it must eradicate the various barriers to effective production. An organization’s service delivery and productivity depend on several factors including the organization’s structure, time management, communications, equipment or instruments in use, as well as flexibility and adaptability to change. Being aware of the world’s dynamic activities that are taking place in the various organizations or institutions for a competitive purpose, it is crucial to understand the important strategies of introducing new processes and programs to an organization as part of ensuring its competitiveness in the market within the industry of its operations. The case of Academic Medical Hospital (AMH) gives a clear illustration on introducing and managing a change in an organization for improved service delivery and production within the managerial level. Summary While going through the presented Academic Medical Hospital’s information was revealed that the organization was a reputable one in the community, it was blemished by its internally generated turmoil and other problems. The organization had adopted and operated using crooked processes that were time-consuming or wasting. In addition, the processes were not only time consuming and frustrating for the management of the staffs, but they were also complex in the use of room management. With time delay as a major problem within the organization, this became one of the issues of concern to one of the staffs, who for almost a decade has ever struggled to look for, and as well the introduction of new programs anticipated as having the potential to solve the problem of procrastination, but all ending vainly. Despite the need to streamline the emergency care processes within the organization through time-saving factor in their emergency department’s offices, many of the staffs were adamant about accepting the idea of introducing new programs, thus declining to reward the efforts of their colleague by holding on to their endowed experience and organization routines for high-quality services in the emergency department. Even though the emergency departmental staff declined to accept and adapt the first improvement programs, they were viewed to lack a basic foundation and future improvement. The Academic medical Hospital staff members, therefore, continued to utilize the same kind of techniques in their service delivery till the year 2000, when a new program for processes improvement known as Six Sigma (with statistical and change management unique features) became known to the process improvement steering personnel. Precisely, the Six Sigma program marked a new era in the organization that was reflective of the enormous transitional changes that followed such an innovative program for improved service delivery. Background In the
In comparing Ray Bradbury’s The Veldt with Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper we find that these two works have a great deal in common. Beyond the use of a virtual world as a plot device, the two works use a similar setup for characterization, set a similar mood and use lot of the same kind of imagery in similar settings to make it all seem real to the reader. While Bradbury’s work is rather macabre and Gilman’s is more of a psychological thriller, both works are built around the authors’ special way with suspense and their skill with characterization and imagery. In Ray Bradbury’s The Veldt a young couple living above their social origins are seeking to give their children every advantage they, presumably, did not have. To this end they purchased a marvelous house with a “living nursery”. The couple is struggling with society and social expectations and a world in which technology has gone wild. Instead of a dream home they are beginning to find that they have purchased a crippling crutch which slowly takes over every active part of being human, turning them into passive receivers and viewers of life. The house does everything for them. They do not even brush their own teeth. They walked down the hall of their soundproofed Happylife Home, which had cost them thirty thousand dollars installed, this house which clothed and fed and rocked them to sleep and played and sang and was good to them. The house is almost another character and the nursery, in particular, is a marvelous escape from reality, or so they think. They see it as educational, and it actually becomes a surrogate parent fulfilling every whim of the children. By the time the story begins, the parents have become secondary to the nursery and been found unsatisfactory by the children, because they sometimes say “no”. You know how difficult Peter is about that. When I punished him a month ago by locking the nursery for even a few hours – the tantrum he threw! And Wendy too. They live for the nursery. At the beginning of the story we immediately know that something is wrong with the nursery, and we find out about the African Veldt and how it seems to be stuck in a rather wild African scene of a pride of lions. We find out a great deal about George and Lydia in the first paragraphs. They have spent an enormous amount of money on a house which does everything. This was, apparently a dream for which they worked. The house was supposed to be the perfect haven, and was supposed to make them happy, hence the name, HappyLife Home. However, the changes it has made in their lives and, particularly in them and their children, are not so good. They are struggling to break away from this affluent prison that society seems to have almost imposed upon them by pressure to succeed and to visibly demonstrate that success. “But I thought that’s why we bought this house, so we wouldn’t have to do anything?” The use of psychology as they consult a psychologist for help, allows us to understand these characters in a very short time. This is backed up in the dialogue. Lydia is afraid and suggests that they have a psychologist look at the nursery, because their spoiled
Introduction The phenomenon of nutrition has recently become one of the most significant aspects of public health promotion. The sensitive topic of weight and diet is greatly influenced by a social factor of body image and deceptive objectification of the human body and healthy weight parameters. The issue has become challenging among teenagers, especially females, as they are highly pressured by society’s expectations and social media. As a result, they suffer from a variety of eating and mental disorders (Hinojo-Lucena et al. 2). Another challenge associated with weight discrepancies among teenagers is the patterns of family relationships and ethnic affiliation, as these factors contribute significantly to one’s eating habits and genetic predisposition for weight patterns. In terms of the present paper, a proper dietary intervention will be outlined for a 14-tear-old Hispanic girl with obesity. Background and Rationale The individual chosen for the present intervention is a 14-year-old female Mexican teenager, being a first-generation Mexican immigrant, as her father is Mexican and moved to the US at the age of 22. At her age, the girl weighs 145 pounds (~65 kg) with a 50% percentile for a 14-year-female constituting 100-115 pounds (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]). Considering that the girl’s height corresponds to the 50% percentile for her age, it becomes evident that she requires rapid reconsideration of her diet in order to avoid potential health challenges catalyzed by obesity. According to the researchers, Hispanic adolescents are statistically more predisposed to diabetes, other chronic diseases, substance abuse, and, consequently, obesity (Vega-López et al.). These health predispositions are primarily caused by various socio-economic factors, including parents’ negligence, economic instability, lack of access to proper nutrition, and implicit or explicit discrimination. As a result, when planning a dietary intervention, it is of paramount importance to take into account one’s support system within such fundamental social environments as family and school. Primary research focused on finding regularities between Hispanic adolescents’ family functioning and physical activity and a healthy diet proved the family set to be a decisive factor in maintaining one’s diet (Lebron et al. 338). Thus, the present diet planning will closely consider the patient’s communication with family and its influence on one’s nutrition. Nutrition Evaluation The evaluation of the patient’s current eating habits was conducted with the help of a nutrition quiz presented by the governmental resource called “MyPlate.” The patient’s eating goals were identified as follows:   * Reaching a healthy weight for her age;   * Increase overall health state and well-being;   * Feeling better about herself. When it comes to maintaining healthy nutrition, the patient claims to have no support system from the family, and she does not know the ways to secure a healthy diet on her own. The patient eats fruit very seldom and drinks fruit juices with high sugar contents. The intake of a
Introduction Since the establishment of the Australian federal department of immigration in 1945, over 6 million migrants, including more than 600, 000 refugees have been reported to be residing in Australia. The identity and nationality of the Australian migrants have changed from the traditional United Kingdom and European nations to Middle East and Asia. According the Parliament of Australia (2006), 24% of the current Australian population is made up of individuals born overseas, and 40% of the total population has one or both parents born out of Australia. In addition, the current Australian population is made up of almost 185 countries and more than 200 languages spoken within its borders. In the last few years, the Australian government has been greatly anxious about the increasing number of immigrants from the Middle East (Kippen & McDonald, 2000, 34). Source: Adapted from Australian Government: Department of Immigration and Citizenship Of particular concern to the Australian is the fact that most of these people are illegal immigrants. While the treatment of the Middle East immigrants by the Australians has been heavily criticism internationally, of particular concern to scholars has been how this particular group of immigrants to Australia considers nationalism and ethnic identity in Australia. The objective of this essay is to provide an overview of the what Australian nationalism and identity means to the Middle East immigrants in Australia Nationalism and Identity among Middle East Immigrants to Australia According to Walsh (2001, 56), nationalism exemplifies the good qualities of patriotism; however, it is comprises of different characters. Kippen and McDonald (2000, 34) argues that nationalism is the way a particular group of people think about their nationhood and how they promote the interest of their nation. In this sense, nationalists would promote economic, political, cultural and legal independence of their country (Kippen & McDonald, 2000, 33). It is on this basis that the Australians have constantly viewed immigrants to their country not only as people who have no entitlement to reside within the country’s borders but as individuals out to stifle any form of independence in the nation. The controversy surrounding treatment of immigrants especially those from the Middle East has always been informed by the argument that Australia is a country with a common culture and race, hence illegal immigrants have no entitlement whatsoever to live in the Australian community (Walsh, 2001, 78). Despite these arguments and continued detention of illegal immigrants (also termed as boat people in reference to their means of transport into the country), the immigrants from the middle east have continuously flocked the country since the abolition of the Dictation Test in late 1950s. According to Walsh (2001, 67), 77 per cent of the total number of third-world immigrants to Australia are of Asian origin. Why the Middle East immigrants in Australian have found it easier to adapt to the Australian nationalism and identity as oppose to English-speaking w