ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In a society, nurses need to assist and provide proper care for communities that may differ on a geopolitical and phenomenological basis. Communities in geopolitical places can be natural or man-made and refer to cities, counties, states, or school districts and neighborhoods (Nies & McEwen, 2018). The place in phenomenological communities is more abstract and refers to similarities based on culture, value, history, or interests (Nies & McEwen, 2018). Public health nurses should provide assessment and intervention based on both individual and social environmental factors encouraging community programs (Olsen et al., 2018). A geopolitical and phenomenological place can influence the context of a population or community assessment and intervention in terms of providing care for people of a specific group as a whole or an individual in said groups. Nurses play a crucial role in assisting health issues of local or global nature and providing care for communities. The nursing process can be utilized to assist in identifying health issues based on its first stages, which are assessment and diagnosis (Younas, 2017). During the assessment, nurses collect patients’ data regarding demographics, vital signs, and physical, psychological, and spiritual conditions (Younas, 2017). Based on the assessment, nurses should be able to identify health issues and formulate a nursing diagnosis (Younas, 2017). The nursing process can be utilized in creating an appropriate intervention during its implementation stage (Younas, 2017). Intervention along with screening and referrals can be applied for the community or population in relation to primary care, emergency departments, schools, and mental health clinics (Knopf-Amelung, 2017). During the nursing process after the screening, patients may receive a referral to treatment to connect with special care (Knopf-Amelung, 2017). Nurses have to be able to assist health issues of different nature for people from different communities and provide them with appropriate care.
The retail industry deals with merchandizing of products and services. This involves the purchase of goods in bulk then reselling them in smaller proportion to consumers. Some companies in the retail industry produce their own branded products and services to gain competitive advantage over other companies in the industry. The ability to produce branded goods and products in the retail industry is a critical success factor because most companies sell homogeneous products. The product idea of manufacturing a fridge with water and ice dispensers developed after assessing consumer’s problems and needs in the twenty-first century. Consumers value convenience and instead of buying separate appliances for preserving food, an ice maker and water dispenser, one product that serves all these functions would offer convenience to consumers. Industry Analysis A company can offer homogeneous products and services or use a differentiation strategy, which offers unique products with additional features. The degree of differentiation refers to the ingenuity in making a product or service. Highly differentiated products are unique and contain more features than competitor’s products. In the retail industry, differentiated products and services give company a competitive edge over competitors. To attain and maintain market leadership, an organization should regularly reinvent products and services to match dynamic consumer needs. The retail industry carries homogeneous products with very few companies offering consumers branded differentiated products. The retail industry is one of the oldest trades known to man. According to Wrice, the retail industry began with barter trade in the ancient world (2). The industry has evolved over time from small kiosks and fragmented supplies to huge self-service hypermarkets that allow consumers the convenience of obtaining whatever they want under one roof and shopping at the comfort of their neighborhoods. Advancement of technology has played a key role in transformation of the retail industry. E-commerce allows organizations to have virtual stores and consumers can shop from the comfort of their homes. The cost structure analysis establishes the correlation between cost and volume. Cost structure also aids in the calculation of breakeven point when determining projected profitability of a product. Before undertaking any manufacturing project, management should establish a cost structure depending on the organization’s cash flow needs. Manufacturing methods can be either capital or labor intensive. Labor-intensive projects have high variable costs
Background of the Rwandan Genocide The 1994 genocide in Rwanda was caused by the civil war and the economic crisis that was a basis for the population’s growth as well as its battle for power in its own country. The end of the 1980s, when the economy of the country faced an economic free-fall, was the prelude to genocide. With food shortages caused by poor harvests, high density of population, hunger, and the rise of corruption within the elite sphere, the country was on the verge of genocide. Furthermore, the politics of the Rwandan president Habyarimana were not accepted despite the fact that there was no freedom of speech in the country. The country’s political structure had also been influenced by the French government that pressured the president of Rwanda to create a multi-party system of organization (Haperen 102). By the year of 1990, approximately a million citizens from the Tutsi population were exiled and ignored by the government. Thus, an emancipation movement was created in order to overcome the regime of President Habyarimana as well as to return the exiled Tutsis to the country. The proponents of the emancipation movement called the Rwandan Patriotic Front returned to the country in the fall 1990 to live within the population of Tutsi. In 1992 the militants from the Rwandan Patriotic Front occupied the northern parts of Rwanda, attacking the Tutsi population that was scared of the attacks from both governmental and Patriotic Front armies. The governmental army killed hundreds of Tutsis without being punished for it. In 1992, the Rwandan army that was backed up by the French supporters halted the Rwandan Patriotic Front militants. During this time, the region of Central Africa had been experiencing social instability. With the deep concerns from the United Nations, President Habyarimana was encouraged to begin negotiations with the Patriotic Front leaders to solve the issue. This was the time when the president was forced into a complicated position in which he was expected to make his political behavior moderate. However, his domestic affairs and rhetoric became extreme (Haperen 102). Hate Campaigns and Propaganda President Habyarimana encouraged the campaign of propaganda that was targeted at separating the Hutu population from the Tutsi population. The Tutsi population was a primary target of the hate campaign in which it was criminalized. The criminalization method of propaganda was already tested by Hitler and Lenin. Furthermore, the most influential Rwandan newspaper called Kangura or Wake Up published the ten commandments of Hutu that represented a set of strict guidelines on how to contact the Tutsi population. With the ten commandments, the government perpetuated an image of the Tutsi as being the enemies of the Hutu population. Furthermore, governmental propaganda had brought together images of injustice, war, cruelty, and oppression. The Role of Radio However, the illiteracy of the population had prevent
Purpose of the Study The article under consideration focuses on the use of humor in psychotherapy with depressed older adults. In their article, Scott, Hyer, and McKenzie (2014) addressed the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and problem-solving therapy. The authors noted that research in this area has unveiled the particulars regarding the needs of older clients and ways to meet these needs. However, numerous gaps still exist, especially in terms of the use of humor in psychotherapy with older patients. Thus, the researchers concentrated on humor as one of the most valuable components of therapy, having the potential to lead to positive patient outcomes. Scott et al. stressed that a combination of components of the mentioned frameworks should be used when treating older patients suffering from depression and anxiety. The researchers also mentioned psychoeducation as another vital element of effective intervention for the target population. According to Scott et al. (2014), humor as a part of psychotherapy is instrumental in establishing rapport, facilitating honest discussion, and reducing intimidation or other negative emotions. Methods and Findings Scott et al. (2014) provided a review of specific cases illustrating the effectiveness of incorporating humor in psychotherapy. The authors described a group consisting of ten older adults who were experiencing depressive symptoms due to various reasons. The patients also endured feelings of loneliness and isolation, had a considerable financial burden, and felt frustration because of trauma or chronic health issues. One example of the positive impact humor had on patients, according to the authors, was its contribution to creating the necessary atmosphere (Scott et al., 2014). For example, when some patients shared emotional stories, leading to an increase in tension in the group environment, jokes served as a soothing influence that brought feelings of fun and calm to the group’s members. Humor also helped in making group members more active and open as they felt safe and motivated to contribute to group discussions. Implications This review has important implications for nursing practice as it can help nurses in many different types of medical units to provide high-quality care. Clearly, psychiatric mental health nurses (PMHN) will benefit most from reading this article as it can expand the scope of their knowledge related to using different theoretical frameworks in their daily practice. Furthermore, the revealed benefits of employing humor provide encouragement for practitioners to safely employ this approach. Exact instances of ways to incorporate humor are mentioned, which can make it easier for many nursing professionals to start trying this method. The study also encourages medical staff to be more active and creative in their practice while acknowledging that an evidence-based approach remains a major pillar of nursing practice. In addition to direct implications for daily nursing practice, the research contributes significantly to the development of the field as the study reviews the major characteristics of the cu
The primary purpose endeavor of Merck is to build improve and retain a multicultural workforce so that the company is successful in providing an innovative atmosphere to its employees to offer solutions to the numerous challenges in order to meet their company growth as well as reputation. The company does not believe in being diverse simply because they want to be, rather they aspire to hire, retain and develop the best people they can so that the company benefits from their talent and hard work. The company “does not hire diversity as a distinct program” but has inculcated diversity into the core processes of their strategic business plans and policies. The company has several strategies and plans including the support of medical and science education in varied universities and colleges, by way of scholarship programs and internships. Merck does this with the crucial aim of addressing the shortfall of minority students who may be talented, but are unable to pursue their education due to a lack of financial resources. In one such program, Merck has committed itself for ten years to the fund of United Negro College. Through this program, the company aims to “expand the pool of outstanding minority researchers” who may someday be qualified and talented enough to join their research company. Merck is also involved in more programs of this kind including through their associations with school districts in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Thus, in this way, for Merck, diversity “was a welcome outcome of an inclusive hiring process”. The company understands very well that innovation is an important factor in the success of the business and this can only be achieved if Merck is able to “able to bring together talented and committed people with diverse perspectives” with the capability and potential to “collectively approach problems from multiple points of view”. Through its establishment of Global Constituency Groups, Merck ensures that the company is representative of the diversity prevalent in America. the CCGs aim to provide key leaders who steer the company in accordance with the market and its needs by providing recommendations for the augmentation of inclusion, and development of leadership to ensure enhanced performance of the company at the global level; The GCGs of the company are a varied workforce incl
Honorific is considered as an address form which portrays respect towards the addressee and are classified according to addressee’s title. Suffix endings such as Professor, Mister, Coach, Officer, Captain, Sir, and so forth are some examples which are commonly used. Every language has these kinds of honorifics and Asian societies have honorifics which are essential elements of their cultures and the language. Asian societies are fixed to a Confucian value arrangement which underlines diffidence, humbleness and respect towards older people (Brown, 2011, p. 65). Most honorifics are applied when attending to kings, queens, landlords, and some respected persons. The dislodgment of honorific is extraordinary in Asian languages; while both Korean and Japanese have preserved their Honorific forms and this paper would compare and contrast honorific languages in these two communities. In Japan, traditionally, respect and honor is mostly treasured since both are still traditional joint country. Thus, honorifics are essential elements while addressing other people, where they have agglutinative language which they usually do not recognize gender. Nouns are also not considered and conjunction is not reflected. Japanese languages contain three stages of respects which are applied: Keigo (Advanced Plain), Teineigo (Simple Plain) and, lastly, Kudeketa (Plain); these are stages of respects which are essential than the prefixes or suffixes which accompanies (Backhouse, 2005, p. 25). Teineigo level is more inflectional arrangement and commonly applied for a person who is being spoken to, while Keigo are split into two different languages, Sonkeigo and Kensongo. Kensongo are usually used when addressing the group which may include sister or brother or workmate. Sonkeigo is a polite speech used for somebody being talked about which may include bosses or a customer. Regular and irregular verbs are contained in Kensongo and Sonkeigo and they as well apply the prefix ¨o¨ or ¨go¨ to create a term honorific (Backhouse 2005, p. 25). Different from Teinogo, highly inflectional arrangement, both ¨ükagau¨, contained in Kensongo, and Sonkeigo apply interchange verbs to turn into ¨ükagau¨ in Kensongo and ¨ïrasshar u¨ in Sonkeigo and all stages of the languages possess its particular verb endings and vocabulary. They considered that it is not the way you end the language that makes it very complex, but it important to understand which stage to use for a particular person. If a person needs to introduce the boss to another person of the same status with the boss, he or she would utilize the Kensongo to introduce the boss. Another case is that a kid needs to apply Sonkeigo when addressing his grandmothers, but would apply Kensongo when introducing her to somebody else. The application of each of them relies on the idea of “Out groups” and “In groups” (Hasegawa, 2010, p. 140). Hence, this language stage is corresponding with someone or situations which are being addressed or talked about. These language stages are distinguished by extended polite phrases like ¨¨ motasete itadaku¨¨ which can be translated as ¨¨can I kindly be permitted to carry…¨ in Kensongo (Has
Introduction Although people desire to live a happy life, they face many challenges in their struggles to attain it. In a bid to understand the real meaning of life, many philosophers provided different approaches, which people need to use to achieve their life goals. In this view, moral theories question morality of approaches that people use to accomplish their aims. According to Aristotle, characters of people and the lifestyles that they choose to live determine their actions and morals. Hence, this paper discusses the Epicureanism and Stoicism philosophies, which have distinct theories that stipulate how people can attain happy life. Epicurean Moral Theories Epicureanism encourages people to attain happiness by eliminating physical pain and any form of anxiety in their lives. In his teachings, Epicurus encourages the pursuit of a pain free life with limited struggles. If one can afford a shelter and do away with hunger, then one can lead a happy life. Epicureanism discourages people from engaging in luxurious lifestyles, which lead to unattainable anxieties. According to Epicureanism teachings, one should not compete with the rich because it is a futile exercise. It is essential to have friends who are the like-minded persons of yours. Epicureanism discourages the fear of death, but it views death as the end of physical and mental life. When people die, there is complete loss of consciousness and pain. Moreover, Epicureanism does not object to the existence of a God, but argues that the gods, which live in space, are not interested in human beings. Contrastingly, critics argue that Epicureanism does not reflect morality. The unrestrained search for pleasure to alleviate pain leads to overindulgence. According to the critics, Epicureanism supports laziness because it encourages
Thesis statement: Voter mobilization plays an important role in encouraging people to participate in elections. This paper analyzes how the concept affects voter turnout among the youths. Introduction Documented data reveal that young voters do not turn out in large numbers during elections in the US. Older citizens are known for participating fully in elections because of various reasons. Since 1972, research shows that young voters have neglected elections, especially after the voting age was lowered to eighteen years. Voter turnout declined by 49%, 40.8% and 32.4% in 1972, 1984 and 1996 respectively. In the same years, incumbents contesting for presidential posts won by large margins. Low voter turnout among the youths reflects a vicious cycle. The political culture shows that politicians do not court youths during campaigns. As campaigns intensify, young people are never involved in designing strategies. In other words, voter mobilization efforts are less eminent among the youths. Before the upcoming 2012 elections, many organizations have stood out to encourage the youths to turn out in large numbers during presidential elections. The organizations are campus-based, which concern themselves with voter registration drives aiming at motivating the youths to exercise their democratic right of voting. The organizations involve themselves in voter mobilization campaigns among other things. Campus organizations utilize the services of volunteers in reaching out to voters in various parts of the country. The volunteers contact voters over the phone, which is purely informal compared to other forms of phone contacts made by commercial organizations such as banks. This implies that volunteers have enough time to talk to young voters over elections and campaign issues (Highton and Wolfinger 202). The phone calls aim at informing voters when and where to vote. Sensitization organizations avoid official phone calls because they are ineffective in encouraging voters to participate in elections. In some instances, voter organizations engage the youths in face-to-face conversations. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of phone calls and face-face conversation in encouraging voters to participate in campaigns and elections. The study employs a randomized field experimentation technique. This shows that the names of registered voters were arbitrarily allocated to treatment and control groups. The researcher paid a visit to treatment groups. On other occasions, the researcher simply called the groups due to a lack o
The public good is an interesting topic for discussion. It is a type of good that is consumed by the population even when some individuals did not pay for it. Two main principles should be noted. First of all, no person can be excluded from the access to it. Also, it is necessary to understand that it is non-rivalrous, and the consumption of a good by one individual does not limit the possibilities of others. One of the most important aspects that should be considered is that the cost of the production of such goods does not increase with the number of consumers. It is important to say that the provision of these goods by the government is dependent on their usefulness for the society. Currently, some issues affect the availability of public goods such as property rights, inequality, efficiency, and disagreements between the countries. Public health may be considered a public good because government action is often needed to make sure that healthcare goals are achieved. 1 For example, vaccination is crucial for the society and has lasting effects because it guarantees immunity against a certain disease, and it can be viewed as a benefit to the public. Many argue that such classification is inappropriate because it can be seen that there are some issues in the health care system that would limit the possibilities of regulations by the government. Intellectual property rights also often lead to the difficulties in the provision of public goods. For example, some medicines that are essential for the well-being of numerous individuals are extremely expensive, and treatment is often delayed. This situation should not be acceptable and needs to be addressed. There is also an issue with the efficiency of the resources that are spent on this kind of goods. It is caused by the fact that it is rather hard to measure the importance of some of them. Also, many think that too many resources are spent on national defense, and it is also a public good. However, it is justified in most cases because the security of citizens is essential. Another problem is that it is important to consider the needs and views of the society because taxation is often a topic of controversy. The government cannot significantly increase taxes when it is necessary for the production of public goods, and the reallocation of the resources is considered in such cases. Tax evasion is also a serious topic for discussion. Individuals that do not contribute to the provision of public good at all still have a full access to such goods. It is important to discuss global public goods. The biggest difference is that they are useful for numerous countries. Such global public good as energy is extraordinarily complex to govern, and it is becoming even harder each year because countries are always developing. 2 It is complicated by differences in the political views, and conflicts often lead to severe economic consequences. It is extremely likely that the development of new technologies will be necessary to make sure that su