ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Constructing Good Lesson Objectives To come up with good quality lesson objectives, the basic but crucial step is establishing an overarching goal. When the goal is set, objectives are easily stated to achieve this core goal. Most importantly, the objectives set should reflect on what is going to be trained, the way it will be trained and the mastery level of the section to be trained. For the objectives set to work excellently, they have to employ behaviors that are observable in describing the lessons that a learner is looking forward to learning. However, good quality lesson objectives should not only be restricted to cognitive proficiency only but also on the psychomotor as well as effective learning objectives.  1.                                                      1.1  To understand energy                     Affective domain         1.2  Develop confidence                       Cognitive domain         1.3  Understand and apply reading skills      Cognitive domain         1.4  Research methodology- literature review  Affective domain         1.5  Project- methods of data collection      Psychomotor domain       1.6  How to write learning objectives         Psychomotor domain  Critiquing Lesson Objectives This process can be subdivided into informal and formal. Informally, a teacher, during every lesson, has to ensure that s/he appraises the learners’ merits in her/his subject. The educator also uses this opportunity to seal one lesson and initiate the following one. On the other hand, formal assessment/evaluation is done from time to time during a given program to determine if the objectives outlined during the initial stages of the course have been met or not (Linn and Miller 64). A point worth noting is that not all learners are equal. Original objectives                                                   Critique                                                                                                                Corrected objectives                                                                                1. Differentiate between a square and a triangle                     It is too specific, it should be broader to cover the goals of the curriculum and be applied to several units of study  Differentiates among geometric shapes                                                               1. Identifies relevant historical antecedents of Louisiana purchase  Should bring out the criteria of identifying the antecedents                                                            Understands the criteria behind the identification of historical antecedents of Louisiana purchase  1. Describes the main characters in Toni Morrison’s Beloved          Should
War is one of the most hideous concepts that the humankind has ever come up with. While it is quite understandable that at the current stage of the development of humankind, some conflicts still have to be resolved with the use of coercive methods, war as a massive homicide still remains a truly revolting idea; and nowhere is this confrontation of common sense and humanism as evident as in the artworks of the artists of the WWI period, the time when the entire world seemed to be crashing into little pieces. The artist whose name seems to be the most recognizable all over the world, Otto Dix and his works seem to be a perfect start for an analysis of the art of the WWI era. The frightening images in the given picture capture the horror that seized the world as the WWI erupted. It is quite symbolic that the audience cannot see the faces of the people in the picture; however, it is not as much symbolic as the fact that the faces in the picture, with gas masks on them, remind much of skulls, with empty eye sockets looking like hollow tunnels leading to nowhere. Dix, O. (1924). Stormtroops advancing under gas . Definitely one of Dix’s strongest works, the given piece of art crosses with an artwork of another famous artist of the WWI era, Max Beckmann. Comparing the aforementioned picture by Dix with Beckmann’s Hell Series seems a touch far-fetched, se
Patricia Crone built a model of a pre-industrial society in order to outline the basic processes and patterns common to most of these societies, which students can use as a template for a better understanding of the pre-industrial social structure. The Funeral Oration of Perikles, written by Athenian politician Thucydides, provides a great practical example of how pre-industrial society would be described by its contemporaries. Thucydides’ piece starts with an introduction to the themes of death and funerals. He emphasizes the value of traditions and customs, highlighting the required procedures for funerals of Athenian men who died in battle. He describes the ceremony in great detail, addressing the order of procession as well as the general content of the event. It is surprising to see that the funeral procession is inclusive and that any citizen or stranger can join in if he wishes. A similar sense of inclusiveness is present in Perikles’ speech. For instance, he insists on opening up the city of Athens to visitors and making sure that no foreigner is refused the opportunity to learn more about Athens or to observe an event in the city. Perikles’ speech also discusses the impact of laws and the constitution. However, he does not imply that the constitution shapes society; rather, he insists that Athenians trust their people more than their laws: “trusting less in system and policy than to the native spirit of our citizens” (Thucydides 5). The entire speech is filled with messages of liberality and the freedom of each citizen to do as he or she likes. There is no mention of agriculture, however, which, according to Crone, was crucial to pre-industrial societies. The passage also omits the impact of labor division and the class distinction between rulers and regular citizens. On the contrary, the speech is filled with the empowerment of citizens, celebrating their efforts in the war and advocating for their voice to be heard regarding all decisions on public matters. It is hard to imagine that the society described in the passage could have existed in a pre-industrial setting. Crone argues that pre-industrial societies tended to have a distinct social hierarchy in which the citizens were given hardly any voice, whereas the rulers could take resources away from peasants with no opposition: “Once some have power and others have none, the former will force the latter to pay for all kinds of goods, institutions, and services, which nobody had even thought about before the state emerged” (8-9). Another feature of Crone’s pre-industrial society model that is not evident in Perikles’ speech is religion. Whereas his speech addresses past victories, ancestors, traditions, and the value of good citizenship, there are no explicit mentions of gods or religion, which contradicts Crone’s model. Moreover, Crone
Introduction Wikileaks has faced a dilemma whether it should be censored or not since the very first day of the website appearance. Scholars, authorities and simple people offer their visions of the situation, provide their arguments, and try to prove that their facts are the most relevant and convincing. Since the first day of official launch of the website in 2007, Wikileaks stays under thorough supervision. Trying to understand a difference between Wikileaks and other sources of news the website is to be considered. It is important to understand the level of Wikileaks’ affect on society and how having Australian Communications and Media Authority organization people still have access to the files which may harm them. According to the wikileaks.com it is a non-for-profit organization which provides “an innovative, secure and anonymous way for sources to leak information” to its journalists and publishes “original source material alongside [its] news stories so readers and historians alike can see evidence of the truth” (Wikileaks 2012). Australian government as well as governments of other countries tries to understand how this source of information may affect people. There are two ways out, either to censorship Wikileaks, or to supports the idea of freedom of speech. Having conducted a research, this paper aims to present relevant and convincing facts supporting both for and against arguments of censoring Wikileaks concluding with argumentative opinion in favor of stopping to pursue Wikileaks in Australia and to allow it operate online without censorship. Wikileaks Must Be Censored Wikileaks is a source of information which stresses on its uniqueness and true data presentation. Since the time of the website creation many scholars tried to suspect it in failures and incorrect information. Others wanted to find harmful information presented by the website and in 2010 such people had an opportunity to do it. Remembering the third leakage of information in 2010, the largest and the most dangerous one, each person can check 251,287 United States embassy cables. Figure 1: Visualization of the State Department cables (Scola 2010). These documents contain many secret facts which create problems for any government making it unprotected. It shows that media is much more powerful that it may seem from the first sight. According to the research conducted by Scola (201
Definition Thanks giving dinner can be defined as the celebration of thanks giving day in a traditional way that includes different items of menu such as potato, cranberries, corn, pumpkin, pie etc. It is a tradition observed every year. On this special day, people celebrate feast and give thanks. Usually, the dinner is served in the afternoon and the whole family and their friends come together to celebrate by taking delicious food and drink. Food is prepared along with a number of side dishes. Turkey can be prepared in many ways such as roasting, frying, grilling etc. Table Setting and Preparations There are a set of table tips for the thanks giving dinner. At first, make sure that everything is ready at the table such as sufficient plates, spoons, chairs, utensils, knives etc. Take all the dining equipments for washing and cleaning one by one. Plastic dining sets which are very attractive and beautiful can be used for the dinner. Arrange the table and chairs in a way that is convenient to the people to sit. The plates have to be placed at the center of the table in front of the guest and the knives and spoons on the right side of the guest. The fork and napkin must be placed on the left side of the guest. Drinks must be on the right side and bread must be kept on the left side of the guest. Soup must be poured in a soup bowl and must be kept on the plate. If the table is not big enough to keep all these items, keep a separate folding table near to the table and make space for the turkey on the table. Before serving, it must be ensured that everyone sits at the table. If everyone is seated, start with serving side dishes. There are a lot of things which are to be kept in mind while one plans a thanksgiving dinner. At first, the list of the guests should be prepared before planning the menu. Thanksgiving dinner includes mainly four sections, such as appetizers, main course, side dishes, and desserts. It requires a lot of hard work to prepare and cool all these items. It is important to know whether the guests are vegetarians or non-vegetarians and if there are vegetarians, vegetarian food must also be prepared. Making the list of all items which are required for the menu is a risky work. We must check whether they are available in the kitchen. Then invite the relatives and friends and identify the guests who are sure to come and who are not sure for the function. Then, the dining table should be arranged with wine glasses, dinnerware, napkins, spoons, knives and other decorations and it should be set according to the number of people. Other appliances such as oven, thermometer must be checked whether they are clean or not. We have to start cleaning the house before weeks and start decorations. Dishes Some of the dishes must be prepared in advance. Buy a turkey before one month of dinner and make cheese cakes before two weeks of dinner. Preparing cranberry sauce and defrosting the turkey are important and it should be done before a week. Preparation of pie and chopping of vegetables can be done one day before the dinner and other dishes like roasted turkey, salads have to be prepared on the day of dinne
Puritans and Quakers Puritans and quakers were two religious groups, that were widespread and influential in the North America British colonies in the 17 th century. Puritans were very strict and had special kinds of punishment for various transgressions. The character of their movement was separatistic, as they came to North America in order to establish and practice pure religion, as distinct from their motherland’s religion of Anglican Church. Quakers, on the contrary, were quite liberal and tolerant to diversity, including various religious worldviews. I chose William Penn as an embodiment of this section, because he was a very high powered person at that time, being a sole proprietor of such a big territory as Pennsylvania. He shaped Pennsylvania’s course as a course of freedoms and tolerance, which gave good opportunities for development in scientific and other spheres’. But his impact was not limited to Pennsylvania or to that period of time only. His actions have a wide and prolonging legacy. Many of his ideas became a part of the constitution of the new United States. Thus, today we also can see the impact of his political course in the existence of various freedoms and tolerance, that is regulated by many norms of political correctness. Sometimes these freedoms and norms of tolerance do not know any limits, and the minority begins to suppress the majority. This is a negative effect. The positive side of his influence is, of course, unlimited possibilities for self development and self actualization, respect all people, in spite of their diversity (cultural, religious national and other backgrounds). French & Indian War The French and Indian War broke out, because the British Empire and France competed in North America, trying to widen their colonial territory and influence. Both France and the British Empire wanted to have Indians as allies. I chose William Pitt because he managed to change the course of the war, so that the British army began to win. He succeeded in obtaining the support of Indians with promises of fixed boundaries. But, regardless of the Treaty, colonists went forward and widened their territory. As a result of his activity, Brits drove French out from that territory. It widened the dominion of the British Empire. And, though, nowadays the British Empire does not exist anymore, the huge territory of North America belongs to the offsprings of people from Great Britain, and thus his success in driving the French out and enlarging the territory result in today’s population composition of the USA. American War of Independence Soon after the French and Indian war, discontent in the policy of England arose. The idea emerged that England was ignoring the rights and liberties of the colonists. It was forbidden for them to go further to the west. Besides they were heavily taxed by the British. I chose Thomas Paine, because he was one of those people who inspired the Patriotic war. He wrote a pamphlet supporting American independence. His slogan was ‘The new nation will be the home of freedom’. Though, for many decades it seemed, that only colon
Introduction The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a mostly arid land with habitats, and people adapted to live both little amounts of uncertain precipitation and extremes temperatures with resulting in high evaporative losses to the dry atmosphere (Aspinall, n.d). It is an extreme environment with significant impacts on communities. Nonetheless, people have managed to survive and exploit natural resources in the region. Today, however, the UAE is much drier relative to the previous decades. Given such changes in the environment, the UAE leaders such as the late President of the UAE, H.H. Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, have demonstrated their commitments to protect the environment from degradation because of human and natural activities (Property Practice, 2009). UAE leaders have focused on environmental protection and promoting sustainability through various laws and regulations that encourage compliance. The country recognizes that the environment is an integral part of its system, culture, and history. They have survived on both harsh climates of the land and sea. The available environmental laws in the UAE consist of both Federal Laws and Local Laws, which are administered at the lowest level or municipal level at all the Emirates (Aspinall, n.d). In addition, the UAE has also recognized international laws on environmental protection, and therefore, it has incorporated them within its system. In this research paper, the focus is on the UAE environmental laws from both federal and local perspectives and new developments based on the changes in the global climate laws. Overview of the environment The laws and regulations of Federal Law No (24) of 1999 for the Protection and Development of the Environment (“Law No. 24”) form the backbone of the Environmental Law within the UAE (Aspinall, n.d). Modern growth and economic activities have clearly brought about changes in the UAE. As a result, modern laws and regulations to protect and sustain the environment have replaced the old methods of environmental protection, although some are still practiced. Today, high-tech environmental studies and ecological evaluations have replaced old practices. They aim to promote sustainability and as communities focus on exploiting natural resources such as oil and gas, fish, and other wild animals. Education and its subsequent benefits are responsible for such sustainability efforts. Therefore, it is believed that the UAE will continue to strengthen its environmental laws and regulations as new forms of challenges emerge, specifically from human activities. The UAE and its Emirates, such as Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah, among others, have developed policies to ensure that they protect and sustain the environment. These laws are important for individuals seeking to make an investment in the region because many of them have been formulated to protect the p
Information from the Wireless Cafe from their web site Kind of food featured by the Wireless Café According to the company website, the Wireless Café serves the ritzy food of three major types: starters, main dishes, and desserts (“Shanghai Wireless Cafe” par. 2). The café’s sophisticated starters include chili prawns and steamed crabs and Jicama Spring rolls; nutritious main
Ancient Greece was one of the most significant and influential civilizations across the globe. Its contributions to the development of social relationships, education, medicine, science, and literature have a profound impact on modern culture. In this essay, attention will be paid to such a crucial element of Greek civilization as architecture and the possibility to create unique physical environments as a part of people’s culture. The legacy of ancient Greece is in its architectural style, including glorious columns and pediments that symbolize power and balance. Today, the elements of Greek architecture may be observed in many American buildings, proving its role in understanding ancient and modern cultures, human interests, and social interconnection. Ancient Greeks were known for their finest and strongest buildings characterized by simplicity and harmony, which explains modern culture’s origins in this civilization. When people think about Greek architecture, massive constructions supported by columns and marble come to their imagination. The architecture of that period was closely related to religious beliefs, social changes, and political orders. Although ancient Greeks lived centuries ago, the analysis of their architectural achievements allows learning their styles and possibilities. During the Archaic period from 750 to 480 BCE, Greek lives underwent considerable changes due to the growth of statehood importance, civilization, and law (Waterfield 25). Small houses within limited areas prove the emigration of Greeks because of possible poverty-related issues and the desire to improve their living quality. New settlements and the concept of citizenship required the creation of public spaces for meetings and events (Waterfield 34). Regarding the power of religion in Greek society, most architectural structures were designed to underline the role of gods. The ruins of the Parthenon and the Erechtheum reveal major characteristics of Greek architecture, namely tall symmetric columns and pediments. The connection between ancient Greek architecture and modern culture in the United States is evident because of the presence of similar constructions and continuous use of terms that originated from that civilization. For example, in architecture, the concept of order is commonly used today. Despite centuries dividing ancient Greek and modern civilizations, such elements as cornices, reliefs, pediments, and triglyphs are never forgotten. There are also five major orders modern architects prefer to consider while designing their buildings, and three of them (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian) originated from Greece. Most Doric contrusctions were made of sand with short but massive columns, while Ionic columns were thin but improved by fluted elements. The frequency of decoration continued to grow with time, which can be noticed in the Corinthian order. Many Greek temples