ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Reduction of costs and a new approach to document management One realizes the fact that paper document management and archiving could be a challenging issue that demands great costs. Additionally, there are certain strict requirements for the content needed to monitor the information used for scientific purposes. Yet, the process of processing and storing of various records could benefit from the usage of various electronic devices or new technologies. Moreover, the implementation of various devices might result in a decrease in the need in physical space as new approaches will be based on electronic data storage. Improved information management and search Very often the attempts to find certain data fail because of the complexity of the search process in terms of share-based document management systems. Besides, metadata is one of the major sources of information that could provide numerous facts needed for the investigation. In this regard, the usage of various advanced technologies and tools available in EDMS could help to make the process more efficient and guarantee positive results. Being able to find the needed data easily, a person might also improve his/her performance and cognitive processes and reduce the amount of time spent on unsuccessful attempts. Better and Easier Control The modern electronic environment introduces numerous challenges related to the work with various documents, files, emails, presentations, etc. The fact is that the last version of a document contains numerous changes made in the course of editing. It is difficult to trace all these alterations without special mechanisms that could be rather complicated. Yet, EDMS has a special tool that provides the above-mentioned opportunity and suggests the full document history that presents a viewer with all changes and editions. The usage of this tool conditions the increased efficiency as there is no need in various copies of the same document. Improved Timeliness Another great advantage of EDMS (electronic document management systems) is its assistance in monitoring the documents changes and in supporting any paper through its lifecycle. EDMS could also align the timely generation of t
The novel starts with the main character, Ralph Singh. The writer brings out primary themes like exile life, cultural displacement, and independence disarray. Ralph Singh is naturally born from an Indian birthright and is brought up on the Caribbean Island of Isabella. The writer uses first-person narration to illustrate how Ralph is writing a memoir in response to the muddled uproar that is rampant in the setting of the novel. The novel has three main parts. The first part narrates the story of Ralph Singh in a small London hostel while in exile. When he attains the age of forty years he reminisces and ponders upon unfortunate events that occurred in his life that he wanted to avoid. In the First part, Chapter three, Ralph had great hopes of writing his memoir to restore the agitation, and cavernous dismay caused by an overthrow instigated by main social organizations. He wanted to use his works to have an appearance, to create a personality in the world, and to seek refuge in another country. The target for his memoirs was to make a quality script that could be used fifty years to come by scholars. He wanted to alienate himself from his writings but later learns he is a victim of the main subject meant to be addressed in his memoirs. In the face of the public, Ralph purposely takes the role of a tycoon colonial master. The hopes he had towards his writings are the same when he earns the post as a colonialist. This makes his conscience grit inward. This shows how anxious and pointless his personality is to the common citizens. As a young bloke, he engages in numerous affairs and evidently understands the art of sex. He later marries Sandra, an English woman from an affluent family. She is meek and has a bad memory of failing to secure a university scholarship. He carries with him the inheritance fortune. Together with Sandra, they relocate to Isabella Island. He builds a high-class suburb named Kripalville. Life on the Island proves ostensibly cumbersome. He is on a journey of soul-searching. In Part 1, chapter 2, his view on sex is quite obnoxious and irrational. In his many sexual encounters with women, he notes that people hunt for sex and the aftermath is soiled private parts. The symbolic expression in the words of Singh is directly related to the practice of ‘hiding behind you and trying to find yourself. He explains that personality identity is like urban migration. The search for greener pastures in cities mainly depends on the physical lie of buildings, and t
Stakeholders’ dialogue is part of capacity building programs set by organizations to manage change towards sustainable development. Building capacity involves several elements such as stakeholder’s education where the management takes time to make all the stakeholders be aware of organization goals and objectives (Von Krogh, Spaeth and Lakhani, 2003, p.60). This ensures that all the stakeholders get to know perfectly well what is right for them regarding the organization. These stakeholders play different roles for the organization; therefore, they need to be educated on the importance of their responsibilities to the organization. The organization should ensure proper training for the stakeholders to make sure that they honor their relationship with the company and do not foster perfect working relationships. Changes in business should be enhanced by stakeholders’ dialogue because it leads to enhanced transparency and information sharing. In addition, it is a source of inspiration to the society. It is also underlined by Cohen and Prusak that every company is not just a group of different people, but a unity that should work as a team (2001, p. 4). That’s why when the society gets inspired to work together, organization goals can be obtained darned easily since unity makes it possible for all the concerned parties to work as a team. Stakeholders’ dialogue includes engaging people in serious discussions with persons and institutions that have a stake in their activities. It involves a designed and facilitated process for groups to start up negotiations and detailed dialogues with people who are interested in their operations in one way or the other. Since transparency is among the key issues for stakeholder dialogue, everyone feels comfortable when working with the organization (Scott, 2002, p.98). Stakeholders express their feelings to the organization managers, and in case, if there are some clarifications, they ensure that everyone receives dire satisfaction. However, this dialogue does not involve engaging shareholders in decision making process. Stakeholders’ dialogue does not mean meeting every request by stakeholders, but involves the acknowledgement of their inputs. The organization managers consider shareholders’ inputs and only offer what is necessary for both parties. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is concerned with the way in which corporate operations impact the society and the environment (Scott, 2002, p
Introduction While analysing genocide in East Timor, it is necessary to consider some fundamentals concerning the issue of discussion. First of all, it should be pointed out that genocide is recognised to be one of the most terrible crimes a government can commit in relation to its people. As far as genocide was proclaimed an international crime, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UHCG) was established. Generally, there is a wide range of definitions genocide involves. Social definitions are of particular importance, as they reveal the type of government a country is controlled by. Thus, on the one hand, genocide can be regarded as government’s intentions to commit crime against its citizens on the basis of their group membership. On the other hand, genocide can be regarded as government’s intentions to abolish population on the basis of any reasons. One is to keep in mind that genocide is mostly associated with certain internal disruptions, war, etc.; so, one can conclude that if government is in danger, democide commitment provides excuse for the worst moral crime 1 . East Timor’s genocidal grounds Some of the historians are of the opinion that genocidal grounds were basically pre-planned. In the 17th century, the territory of East Timor was colonised by the Portuguese; in times of the Second World War, there were the Japanese, who controlled the territory. In the early seventies, the Portuguese decided to reestablish their control over the country, and the Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor (Fretilin) took a decision to form an independent community. In the mid of the seventies, Fretilin political force got the majority of voices in the local elections; so, the Indonesian government started its military actions and soon declared East Timor’s annexation 2 . Keeping in mind a brief overview, one can probably conclude that the Indonesian government’s intentions to murder East Timor’s population involved political reasons; although a deep analysis of further actions the Indonesians followed give us an opportunity to suppose that both social definitions of genocide can be applied to the current case study. The Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (CPPCG) and its relation to the case study According to the CPPCG , genocide is considered to be any act, which main purpose is to destroy certain groups. Such events in the case study as a) killing representatives of a national group (the population of East Timor), b) causing bodily and mental harm to representatives of a national group, c) “deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part” 3 , d) imposing certain procedures to stop births within a national group (gendercidal massacres of men), and e) transferring children to another groups can be all applied to genocide according to the Convention. A critical overview of the Article II of the CPPCG Some alternative definitions, however, cannot be neglected too. Thus, taking into account the acts of genocide the Convention includes, it becomes evident
The role of behavior and cultural perceptions cannot be overestimated in terms of health aspects. In that regard, it can be stated that the success of many interventions is largely linked to the behavior and cultural and social constructs. The latter is not only connected to treating diseases and illnesses such as alcoholism, but also to preventive measures in lifestyle illnesses such as diabetes. In “Formative Research to Inform Intervention Development for Diabetes Prevention in the Republic of the Marshall Islands” by Cortes, Gittelsohn, Alfred, and Palafox (2001), formative research was conducted to investigate behavioral patterns and traditional belief systems in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, in order to help to develop a diabetes prevention intervention. This paper provides a critical analysis of the aforementioned article, in terms of its methodological considerations. As qualitative studies, in general, are aimed to provide “target audience perceptions and reactions” (Siegel & Doner, 2007, p. 264), it can be stated that the choice of employing a qualitative method in Cortes et al. (2001) is successful. It can be seen that many of the variables such as typical meals, the typical way of eating, and access to food are quantifiable, and can be categorized into distinct categories, and thus, questions such as how many and how often can be applicable. Nevertheless, it should be stated that such variables are not related to the main research questions of the article, which are founded on getting an insight into the perceptions and the local cultural norms of the population. The household quantitative survey in the study served as audience segmentation, in which dimensions related to the context of the study were grouped, i.e. anthropometric measurements, demographics, food frequency, etc (Cortes, Gittelsohn, Alfred, & Palafox, 2001, p. 700). The choice of demographics, however, is often criticized for grouping “people together based on variables that are meaningless in the context of changing behavior in question” (Siegel & Doner, 2007, pp. 265-266). It can be stated that the main aim of formative studies is in adequately crafting the initiatives (278). Accordingly, the findings of the study as well as its implications should be directly linked with the intended outcome. As the findings of the study are already incorporated in the program at the time of the publication, their assessment can be generally performed with an evaluation of the program’s outcome. Nevertheless, it can be stated that the study failed to provide a link between the rationale of the study, its research questions, and its implications. In that regard, it can be assumed that the answer to the fourth research question should be interpreted from the findings, i.e. “how the information can be used to develop effective interventions” (Cortes, et al., 2001, p. 699). The connection between the guiding principles developed in the program and the outcomes of the research is
Introduction The construction industry is a mirror of society, which includes different sectors within itself. By analyzing the sectors one can see which of them is the most popular and, therefore, is the most perspective. The construction industry in the UK is having a period of strong growth. Four sectors can be determined in this industry: house building, infrastructure, industrial construction, commercial construction. House building In 2000 house building accounted for 38.6% of the whole construction industry’s output. Out of this number, the amount spent on public housing usually has never exceeded £2bn but at the same time, the figure for private housing has been double or even triple of that amount. House building output is forecast to be increased by 19% between 2001 and 2004. Infrastructure accounted only for 9.2% of all construction work which was made in 2000 – this figure is slightly lower than for the previous 4 years. The main source of infrastructure work is road building, in particular, The National Audit Office revealed that 51% of road-construction contracts (which worth more than £434m) – were won by five firms: Balfour Beatty, Budge, Alfred McAlpine, Fairclough, and Tarmac. If one looks at industrial construction, it can be noticed that it is one of the smallest sectors in the construction industry. The output of private construction work was only £3.7bn, or only 5.3% of the total construction sector in 2000 (Pheng, Low, Kwang, 2005)… At the same time, commercial construction output with a wide variety of commercial work accounted for about 18% of all of the construction works in 2000. (Pheng, Low, Kwang, 2005). So, it can be concluded that the UK’s construction industry is having a period of strong growth. Regardless of the rapid growth of other sectors, the housebuilding sector makes up a huge part of the whol
Executive Summary The discussion reveals the role of the Saudi Capital Market Authority (CMA) in governing trading companies. It is claimed that the primary document regarding the mentioned issue is the Saudi Regulations on Corporate Governance (SRCG) 2017 that serves a foundation of the Saudi corporate governance. The CMA’s role regarding the governance of the Saudi firms is estimated crucial and beneficial. The recommendations provided in this work are as follows: reducing companies’ accountability to the CMA, continuing the policy of open market, and restricting family administration of firms. Introduction Each country pursues its economic and political interests through various policies. Approaches that governments apply are founded on specific historical and cultural characteristics, which dictates the way authorities form an economy. Nowadays, Saudi Arabia is attractive country for investments and long-run business cooperation. However, Saudi Arabia has several critical peculiarities related to corporate governance, which might be an essential aspect to discuss. In this work, the role of the CMA through the prism of SRCG 2017 will be discussed. Discussion The corporate governance system might be defined as an organizational model that is designed to regulate the relations between firm administrators and their owners. Then, it aims to coordinate the goals of various stakeholders, ensuring the efficient functioning of companies. For the successful implementation of the strategic objectives of the corporation, it is necessary to conduct a timely, comprehensive, and exhaustive assessment of the quality of corporate governance. It is possible only under the conditions of functioning of a system of reasonable and relevant indicators. The quality of corporate governance is the extent to which the actions of the management system correspond to the diverse int
The article discusses the negative effects of postmodernism and the need to end it. In particular, the authors discuss its effects on special education. I agree with the authors’ assertion that postmodernism cannot be reconciled with science because it defines science as a social construct. Kauffman and Sasso are right to refute the assertion that science is a social construct. This approach has infiltrated the academic world and confused. It is also true that various concepts of postmodernism influence education, workplaces, and social discourse. The fact that certain beliefs or practices are common does not mean they represent the truth. According to the authors, examples of the negative effects of postmodernism include the expiration of cultural anthropology as a discipline, introduction of relativism in humanities, and introduction of pessimism in special education (Kauffman & Sasso, 2006). According to the article, “a suggestion we encounter frequently is that we should be tolerant of others and accept alternative views of truth.” (Kauffman & Sasso, 2006) This statement states the importance of allowing people to express themselves. Postmodernism is founded on the belief that truth is subjective. The benefits of accepting or tolerating the views of others include enhanced coexistence, informed social, political, and economic discourses, and improving the exchange of knowledge and information. For instance, there is peaceful coexistence among different religions, races, and ethnic groups because of the willingness of each group to accept and tolerate the views of other groups. It is unfair and unethical to impose cultures, customs, and ideologies of one group on others. However, it is important for all groups to accept scientific knowledge unanimously because conflicting findings cannot be derived from scientific experiments. The authors are right by arguing that not all situations need common ground. According to Kauffman & Sasso (2006), finding common ground on certain issues could undermine truth and promote gibberish. Constructivists argue that people learn by developing personal perceptions and knowledge of the world. Therefore, they believe that education should be informed by social constructs. Learners should be free to learn through their means without subjection to tailor-made means of learning (Kauffman & Sasso, 2006). According to the Bible, the truth sets people free. Jesus taught that people should strive to find the truth to enjoy freedom. Different communities, n
The Rationale for Stock Selection Volkswagen (VW) has been considered a good choice for long-term investment for several reasons. The company’s business model follows a holistic approach as VW not only produces high-quality vehicles but also sells them and provides after-sale services to make sure customers are satisfied with the products (Volkswagen AG, 1). VW is one of the strongest automakers, and its revenues have been growing over the past several years (Statista, 2; Volkswagen AG, 3). It is also worth mentioning that the organization has a large market capitalization, which is why its stock is less risky than the stock of small-cap or middle-cap companies (Volkswagen AG, 4). For conservative investors, the business entity offers another source of income, such as dividends (Volkswagen AG, 5). This may indicate that the senior management of VW is confident in the future earning power of the company’s stock. VW stock has been selected for the client, who is a 38-year old family man with the middle level of income. He has a rather low risk tolerance and needs an additional source of income to pay for college for his children. An important factor in choosing stock was the client’s personal interest in cars and his strong concern with the environment. VW produces a new generation of full electronic vehicles, which make a considerable portion of the corporation’s global sales (Matousek, 6; Bullard, 7). Taking into account all the above-said, the purchase of VW stock seems to be a rational choice that is based upon the client’s personal financial goals and preferences and that is within his risk-tolerance level. Calculation of the Financial Ratios Even though the rationale for the selection of VW stock seems well-reasoned, a thorough assessment of the company’s financial health should include the estimation of its financial ratios. This will allow for analyzing the firm’s performance in terms of profitability, liquidity, and solvency over the past several years. Financial ratios that will be computed include the current ratio and quick ratio (both are characteristics of liquidity), the total debt ratio (the long-term solvency ratio), the earnings per share, and the price-to-earnings ratio. All the information needed to calculate the financial ratios was taken from the annual reports of VW for 2016-2018. Current Ratio The current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. The current ratio of VW for 2016 was equal to: The current ratio of VW for 2017 was equal to: The current ratio of VW for 2018 was equal to: Quick Ratio The quick ratio is calculated by subtracting inventories from current assets and dividing the result by current liabilities. The quick ratio of VW for 2016 was equal to: The quick ratio of VW for 2017 was equal to: The quick ratio of VW for 2018 was equal to: Earnings per Share and Price per Share The earnings per share (EPS) was presented in the annual report of VW. In 2016, the EPS of VW was equal to 10.24, and the price per share was 136.75 (Volkswagen AG, 8). In 2017, the EPS of VW was equal to