ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In terms of spectatorship, Vertigo by Hitchcock (1958) is different from many other movies by male directors. To some extent, male spectatorship in Vertigo involves the departure from the tradition of glorifying masculinity and the presence of “fascination with femininity” (Thomas, 1989, p. 41). The discussed movie tells a story about love and obsession with a mysterious woman from the position of a male character. In some scenes after the death of Madeleine, Scotty’s attempts to find this perfect woman in another person are depicted in a detailed and expressive way (Hitchcock, 1958). Madeleine and Judy that turn out to be the same person possess conventional attractiveness, and an emphasis is placed on the ways of how their behaviors affect Scotty and his mental condition. Main body Male spectatorship might affect the way that female characters are perceived by impacting the degree to which the viewer identifies with them. As Keane (1986) highlights, despite being “possessing, brandishing, and relishing a position of active power,” Scotty suffers throughout the movie (p. 236). In the scene at Muir Woods, Madeleine demonstrates her suicidal and depressive thoughts to Scottie without considering the effect that her words might have on him (Hitchcock, 1958). Because of male spectatorship, the viewer might see Madeleine’s behaviors as the reason for Scottie’s suffering, thus creating a desire to blame her. Scotty possesses a range of psychological traits that are typical for men, such as the desire to control the situation, but his behavior resembles the feminine one from time to time. For instance, when exploring his fear of heights with Midge Wood, he suddenly faints and resembles a damsel in distress that is vulnerable and needs a supportive person nearby (Hitchcock, 1958). Scotty does not necessarily understand his weaknesses as feminine qualities, but he tries to respond to his flaws by inventing some rather unsuccessful ways to overcome the fear. His unsuccessful attempts to rationalize the fear enable Midge to demonstrate her best qualities, including compassion and carefulness. As for Judy, Scottie’s poor responses to his overwhelming fear work
Introduction According to Frampton and Futagawa (1980), modern architecture covers the period between 1910 and 1960 where the popular architects like Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd among others had significant influence over the type of residential and commercial buildings. This resulted in numerous developments such as houses, gated communities, and social institutions that become easily available to the public. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s projects were mostly undertaken with strict supervision from his associates. Some of his popular works include the development of Johnson Apartment in New York, Preliminary Campus Plan, Armour Institute of Technology in Chicago, Master Plan Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, Project: Cantor House, Indianapolis among others. His works were accomplished with a lot of care and this contributed towards his successful impact in the US architectures inclusive to other architects. Mies’ Job in the United States Ludwig Mies van der Rohe on arriving in the United States established himself in Chicago, Illinois where his expertise and secured his job as head of the architecture school at Chicago’s Armour Institute of Technology (Blakely & Snyder 1997). While in this position, Mies van der Rohe had the advantage to continuously design since he was the one commissioned to design the new buildings as well as the outlay of the campus. Buildings such as the Alumni Hall, the Chapel, as well as the S.R. Crown Hall, all designed by Mies still remain prominent buildings i
Introduction Experimentation acts as one of the methods of conducting research. In this method, researchers may use actual subjects in their experiment or come up with simulation to represent the real world. Lack of enough time for people to organize and conduct real experiments has resulted in the use of simulations. The simulation is organized in such a manner that it represents the subject being observed. Alterations may be done to determine the effects of changing the independent variables on the dependent variables. In experimentation, various methods are used for purposes of data collection. These methods include observation, self-reports, interviews, surveys and peer ratings. All these methods have various advantages and disadvantages and they aid in the determination of the reliability of the study and inferences made from the experiment. This paper aims and critiquing use of social simulation as a method of determining the effectiveness of decision making among leaders. Dependent and independent variables in the experiment The objective of the experiment was to determine the manner in which leaders make their decisions when faced with different challenges. It is believed that people with different personality traits will make varied decisions when they encounter different situations with uncertainties, limited information and complexity. To help in teaching potential leaders on methods of decision making in such instances, an experiment was made on college undergraduates and officer candidates. The decision made by these groups dependent on the degree of environmental turbulence. Thus, decision made by college undergraduates and officer candidates acted as the dependent variable in the experiment while the degree of the turbulence acted as the independent variable (Hunsaker, 2009, pp. 343-362). Sampling methods used to collect information In this experiment, experimenters in their data collection used various methods. These include observation, self-reporting and peer ratings. Response of the dependent variables under varying degrees of turbulence was observed by the experimenters and information recorded. In other instances, undergraduates and candidate officers were asked to come up with reports of their experience. Candidates and undergraduates were also rated based on their response to the environment they were subjected to (Hunsaker, 2009, p. 341). Sampling method, reliability and validity of the study To come up with the samples to be experimented, the subjects were obtained through stratified sampling. All the subjects were categorised as either college undergraduates or officer candidates. Samples were then obtained from the established strata through random sampling. Reliability of the study depends on the sampling and data collection method used. Some of data collection methods may be
Abstract The strategic resource that mainly applies in many organisations is knowledge; however, the potential for knowledge to develop is not fully exploited. There are various events that limit the growth of knowledge, among them is the variety in the management concepts of knowledge. The methods as well as tools used in the company also hinder the development of knowledge as they involve the developmental goals together with the situation of the company. It is important to understand the dynamic functions of knowledge as applied in business. The methodological framework is introduced so as to assist businesses in identifying the importance of change and also to handle the management function successfully. The paper seeks to educate companies on the best methods they can use the knowledge they have and also improve on the knowledge. Introduction There is a necessity for companies to have three most important assets that include natural resources, cheap labour and also knowledge. In the three assets, knowledge is the asset that has the possibility of being maintained for a long period. Thus, knowledge can be used in terms of delivering advantages to the company in the long run (Christensen, 2003). In the modern business environment, knowledge is the key resource in running a business successfully. It is not static but rather dynamic; this is because of the ever changing economic environment as a result of globalization. In order to overcome the challenge, knowledge management requires getting support and addressing the personnel of the company, IT and the organization of the company. The activities in knowledge management and investment must target the processes of the company. As a result, companies need to have comprehensive knowledge and understand how to implement the method formulated by KM (Dalkir, 2005). Analysis Concepts The level of the economy and the social being of the company result from a change in the processes in the company, and knowledge is a major cause in the changes. However, there are also influences in the society that include the environment surrounding the company and also the changing level of technology (Dixon, 2000). Irrespective of the fact that the change process is complex, and several drivers may get involved in the process at the same time, it is worth investigating and also describing the change process that occurs due to knowledge. These change processes involve activities that are knowledge related and result in the transferring of the current knowledge to the targeted knowledge. The activities depend on enablers that are involved with knowledge management. It includ
Introduction Assassination of John F Kennedy is termed as the most contentious issue in the Modern American History. While some Americans believe it was a conspiracy, others attribute it to the Twenty four year old Lee Harvey Oswald. In that connection, if the conspiracy aspect should be suspected, was Oswald involved (‘America in the 20th Century’ p. 910). The continuing discussions and probes in the matter suggest that the fact to prove the assassination’s real motive is yet to be established. This paper discusses on the possibility that the president’s death was a conspiracy and the facts that suggest it could have been the case. It also seeks to establish the reasons as to why Lee Harvey was a suspect in this murder, and compares these two views associated with the murder of the American president. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the assassination of JFK was a conspiracy. Assassination of John F Kennedy – Friday, November 1963 The American President, John F Kennedy assassination was a shock to the Americans and the speed at which he was replaced was even more surprising (Gladwin, para 5). The murder happened on a Friday, 11/1963 at 12:30 PM CST, when JFK was in a motorcade. He was passing via the Dealey Plaza Dallas. He was, thereafter, rushed to the parkland hospital where any attempts to save his life were futile. After he was dead, his body was removed from the hospital (Donald 17). After his death, President Lyndon Johnson was sworn in on the plane immediately, this seems like it was a pre arranged plan to have the president killed and a replacement was done. The manner in which the next president was sworn in creates a lot of suspicions (Wicker p. 1). The President’s, assassination occurred when the atmosphere was unusually tense with the cold war. It was during the time, when the Civil Rights Movement had gathered up some momentum, but later sparred with resistance especially in the southern part. It was the same time 1960s, when Robert, the president’s brother, who by then was the attorney General declared an exceptional fight on pre-arranged crime (Bowles 54). These events suggest that there were suspicions on the probability of crime which hints that the knowledge of a possible attack was there. Given the status of the country’s security with almost everyone having a drive to take away life, some group of individuals took advantage of the situation in the country to plan and effect this assassination. The society was in complete disaster before, during and after the assassination of Kennedy this is evidenced by the documentaries, declassifications and individual accounts supplementing to the image of the presidency from within and without the country. It indicates that this could have been properly planned to be camouflaged in the series of events and make investigation
The cognitive dissonance theory is very useful when predicting human behavior. Cognitive dissonance is a study of how humans adjust their behaviors with the view of attaining internal consistency. Consequently, human beings tend to shun experiences of dissonance because they lead to psychological imbalance. The need to eliminate cognitive dissonance makes human beings act in a manner that counteracts the disparity in psychological feelings, and this is known as dissonance reduction. Since its premiere, cognitive dissonance has been expounded by various other psychologists. This paper presents research on the topic of cognitive dissonance and dissonance reduction using available and recent literature on this subject. In the article titled, “A Dynamic Model of Dissonance Reduction in a Modular Mind,” the author sets up an experiment to identify how individuals engage in dissonance reduction (Karagozoglu, 2014). The author of this article is Emin Karagozoglu, a tutor at Bilkent University. The article details a research experiment in which the test subjects were exposed to two dissonant factors. The dissonant factors were expected to trigger dissonance reduction among the test subjects. The author of the article isolated the element of ‘habituation’ as a major contributor to the manifestation of cognitive reduction. Another article that touches on the topic of cognitive dissonance is the one titled “Dissonance and Prejudice.” The authors of this article are staff members at Saint Louis University’s Department of Psychology. This article touches on the subject of cognitive dissonance in relation to racial prejudice. In the experiment that was used to unravel the cognitive dissonance factors, white students were requested to come up with a scholarship policy that could counter the attitudes of black students. In addition, the counter-attitude policy came at a cost to the fraternity of the white students. The authors of this article found out that the test subjects were more accommodating to the attitudes of the minority students after the experiment (Eisenstadt, Leippe, Stambush & Rauch, 2009). The cognitive dissonance of the test subjects made the white students be more accommodative of minority student groups as a means of dissonance reduction. The third article is by David Vaidis and Dominique Oberle, and it is titled “Approaching Opponents and Leaving Supporters” (Vaidis & Oberle, 2014). In this article, the authors set up an experiment where students with opposing viewpoints were asked to set up a meeting and discuss their views. The experimenters then measured the physical distance between the two students and related it to the level of agreeability between the two students. The results of this experiment indicated that physical proximity was more when students had opposing points of view than when they concurred
Introduction The pre-Raphaelite was an association of English artists who included poets and painters. It was launched in 1848 by William Holman hunt, Dante Gabriel rosette together with john Everett Millais. Later the founders initiated William Michaels, James Collinson, Thomas Woolner and Fredric Stephens into the group so as to establish a seven member union. The organization intent was to create art by denouncing what they perceived to be mechanistic concepts formerly exploited
Introduction Over the years, the American economy has thrived a lot due to the huge input that comes from the numerous small businesses operating in the country (Blackford 91). The number of small and medium enterprises in the United States has been on a steady rise since the turn of the century (Mann 180). A number of factors have contributed to this phenomenon, which has played a crucial role in strengthening the position of the country as an economic superpower. Some of these factors include prolonged political stability, an effective immigration system, good implementation of legislation and economic policies, as well as a development conscious society that encourages innovation (Robles 36). The United States ranks among the friendliest environments for starting a business across the world. The federal government has developed a number of effective legislation that encourages people to start small businesses by offering a number of incentives, as well as an effective registration process that reduces the amount of time needed before the commencement of operations (Levinson 100). According to federal reports, small businesses in the country are owned by both Native Americans and non-U.S. citizens. Entrepreneurship gurus argue that the kind of business environment available in a particular market plays a crucial role in determining the ability and willingness of people to run small and medium enterprises (Levinson 104). In addition, the legal issues surrounding the world of business also have a huge impact on the process of starting a business. In the United States, small businesses have a good record of accomplishment with regard to compliance with various legal provisions that guide their operations (Robles 43). Discussion A small business in the United States refers any enterprise that does not employ more than 500 personnel (Turner 23). A number of interesting statistics about the state of small businesses depict the dynamic nature of the entrepreneurship culture in the country. There are two categories of small businesses, namely employers and non-employers (Nazar par.2). Non-employers mainly constitute of enterprises run by self-employed individuals who do not engage the services of employees. Currently, there are more than 28 million registered and active small businesses in the United States (Turner 29). They employ more than 50% of the country’s working class. Sole proprietorships constitute the highest number of small businesses in the country, while partnerships and corporations make up a very small number (Nazar par.2). However, the most challenging part about starting and operating a small business in the United States is the short lifespan. Although more than 500,000 small businesses are registered every month across the country, most of them do not survive past their second year of operation (Nazar par.2). Very few of them manage to remain in operation for a decade or more. Some of the factors responsible for this phenomenon include
Introduction Tourism is a major economic activity of many countries in the world. It is a sector that has experienced a rapid rate of growth for the last fifty years. Countries have gone to war and after that they are forced to live in economic hardships, however, tourism has emerged as one of the vital social economic activities to these countries especially those with economies that have less developed service industries. The many benefits and the rapid growth in this sector have seen many countries seek ways of having a share of the cake. These benefits include generation of revenue, exchange of culture and creation of employment opportunities. One of these countries is Scotland, which has seen tourism bring a lot of revenue into its economy. Tourism ranks as the forth employer in Scotland yet this sector still faces the problem of recruiting and maintaining skilled workers. It is known that the success of any industry depends on its human resources and how they are managed and developed. In this paper, we will investigate the issues that affect the labor market in the hospitality and tourism industry in Scotland and how they can be solved. In finding the solution to these problems, we will look at how the educational system in Scotland can help in supplying skilled labor to the industry (Yeoman, 2004, 67). Satisfying Customers Creating and maintaining customers who are satisfied and therefore, profitable, is the main objective of any business, but customers can only be satisfied if a business meets their needs. This means that for businesses to satisfy their customers, they need to understand them and build their businesses around them. This is very important especially in the service industry that tends to be dominated by operations instead of customer issues. It is important for any business to create satisfied customers because customers who are satisfied tend to make repeat purchases and will talk favorably to others about the business and thereby creating more customers to the business (Kotler, 2003). There is also an increasing expectation for quality among customers, this puts many businesses in a dilemma bearing in mind that it is not easy to find and retain skilled labor. This problem coupled with the issue of seasonality that is experienced in the tourism sector, limits the ability of many tourism operators to give good quality services that the market demands (Baum and Lundtorp, 2001, p.5). It is also said that the attitude and performance of employs determines how customers will be satisfied. The way employees behave and their skills relate to the quality of service they produce and this influences how customers judge that particular service. To ensure better service quality, organization employ people who are well trained and also pay them well because well paid workers
What was the most admirable, interesting picture of Jesus in this movie to you? Why? Where is it found in the movie timeline? The most admirable and interesting picture is the birth of Jesus. The picture begins at the time when angel Gabriel was sent by God himself to predict the birth of Jesus Christ. Nazareth has been depicted as a little town in Galilee through which God is going to raise a king for the nations. It is indeed admirable to see how the young virgin Mary is visited by angel Gabriel. Even though Joseph is engaged to her, the angel promises Mary that she will divinely have a baby. This part of the movie is interesting, bearing in mind that the birth of Jesus was miraculous and not like any other human birth. Also, the movie pictures demonstrate that the child to be born will be the messiah as well as the divine son of God. These are fascinating insights since they set the stage in readiness for the ministry of Jesus Christ on earth. Were it not for the birth of Christ, the entire gospel, as portrayed in the New Testament would have been non-existent. Worse still, God’s intention to save mankind from his sinful nature would not have come to pass as prophesied in some of the prophetic books such as Isaiah. This picture is found on the 9 th -12 th minute on the movie timeline. What was the second most admirable, interesting picture of Jesus in this movie to you? Why? Where is it found in the movie timeline? The temptation of Jesus by the devil is the second most admirable and interesting picture in the movie. From the picture, Jesus can be seemed to fill with the power of the holy ghost. Before being tempted by Satan, he was directed in the desert. The devil, in this case, does not seem to relent as he tempts Jesus three times. This took place after Jesus had completed a long period of prayer and fasting. For instance, the devil instructs Jesus to make bread out of the stones if He is indeed the son of God. However, Jesus tells Satan that man shall not live on bread alone. There is a need to be fed the bread of life, which is the actual word of God. Jesus also refuses to be given all the earthly kingdoms if he agrees to worship the devil. This part of the movie is indeed amazing because it is a clear indication of how temptation is part and parcel of the life of a Christian. It demonstrates that followers of Christ ought to be victorious in their lives by defeating every kind of temptation that comes their way. In any case, righteousness and holiness are the only reasons why Jesus Christ was sent to the world. This part of the movie appears in the 21 st -22 nd minute in the movie timelin