ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Business letters are formal documents with a well-defined set of criteria. Ignoring these recommendations compromise the quality of the letters and, in some cases, significantly decreases their efficiency. The following paper presents a critique of an improperly written complaint letter and provides an example that addresses the detected issues. Complaint letter The complaint letter in question has several issues. First, the text of the letter starts with a redundant expression (“I’m sure you will agree”). Also, the author uses two full sentences to provide general information on the role of customer support in the business. The letter also features redundant and irrelevant information in several paragraphs, including the account of dealing with the competitors’ offers. Another issue, which, in my opinion, is the most apparent one, is the heavy use of antagonizing messages throughout the paper. For instance, the author constantly describes the quality of customer support as “pathetic,” which cannot be considered a valid assessment of a service. On some occasions, Mr. Smith also provides unsubstantiated recommendations on the company’s staff training policies, implying the inadequate level of professionalism. Next, he uses expressions with strong negative connotations such as “you ought to know.” Finally, the letter’s author makes provoking statements that surpass the reasonable threshold, such as demands to fire the involved employee and make a public apology. Third, the structure of the letter is inappropriate. While the paragraphs can be matched roughly with the necessary components of a complaint letter, substantial portions of it, most notably the summary of the issue, are missing. Some important details, such as the likely cause of malfunction and the justification for the refusal provided by the employee are only briefly mentioned. Considering the information above, it would be reasonable to suggest the following letter: John Smith, 9889 Pleasant Street, Dartmouth Date: February 5, 2014 Owner, Wondertron Industries, 8998 Robie Street, Halifax Dear Sir or Madam, I require a refund of $29.95 plus tax on the purchase of a WonderCon 9000 from one of your stores. After buying your product, I decided to assemble it myself and avoid a $5 fee required for the service of a certified assembler. For this purpose, I located and downloaded an instruction manual on the Internet. After two uses, the device has stopped working. However,
Introduction The Aborigines refer to a group of indigenous people found in Australia and believed to have originated in Asia. According to statistics obtained in 2001, they make up approximately 1.9% of the total population of Australia. This is equivalent to some 400,000 people. However, it should be noted that during the 18 th century, this population had been estimated at around 800000 people composed of more than 500 groups. These groups incorporated various languages within them and were characterized by poor political and economic organization. Aborigines typically lived on hunting and gathering and engaged in various cultural practices. In the late 18 th century, their autonomy and cultural practices were interfered with by the British colonialists that saw their numbers reduce significantly. In addition, the forced assimilation of the aborigines saw their numbers being reduced to a very large extent. As a result of this assimilation, they became marginalized and began depending on their masters for their basic needs such as food, shelter and health care. ( Australian Bureau of Statistics ). Due to the marginalization, they were subjected to very harsh conditions that led to exposure to various diseases that tremendous reduced their numbers. As time passed by, the Aborigines were continuously being discriminated upon and neglected by both the government and other Australian communities. This essay will therefore discuss on the injustices that have been face by the Aborigines people since the end of their autonomy in the late 18 th century. To discuss these issues effectively, there would be need to discuss on the contemporary issues of injustices on the indigenous Australian community which is composed mainly of Aborigines. The indigenous Australian population The indigenous people in Australia constitute approximately 1.9% of the total population. Most of them live in the urban centers however; an estimated 27% is believed to reside in the rural areas. This group has been facing a lot of challenges especially on the social front where over the years they have been receiving poor health care attention, poor education, unhygienic condition of living and discrimination by other Australian communities. There have been various government efforts in restoring the autonomy of the aborigines though full benefits have not been achieved ( Australian Bureau of Statistics ). The Stolen generation The stolen generations indicate one of the many injustices faced by the Aborigines community. This term was employed to imply the people especially children that were annexed from Aborigines community by either the government, the church or by the Acts of Parliament. This exercise was carried out forcefully in the period 1869-1969. This was an injustice done to the Aborigines community by denying the parents the rights to raise their own children. The exercise was being done with the excuse that it was a means of securing t
As part of this assignment, I plan to speak in support of activities related to the reduction of food waste. It is proposed to organize a special campaign that would attract the attention of a sufficient number of the public to the problem of food waste. This issue is relevant to the course because it is directly related to the environment. Food waste on an industrial scale is a biological threat to the environment. Therefore, food waste is a sign of the unsettledness of the world around us, which we can try to eliminate as part of a social campaign. For me, the irregular distribution of food is a clear sign of inequality in society and a consequence of the injustice of the surrounding world. As part of this campaign, it is required to determine the demographics and develop a message that could make the audience take care of the problem. Stimulating the behavior which reduces the amount of food waste is the guideline and the main idea of this campaign. Presumably, to effectively implement such a social initiative, the campaign should be targeted at adolescents and students of schools and universities. Adolescents are, on the one hand, a receptive audience for the implementation of initiatives. On the other hand, addressing teenagers is how the problem of food waste can be influenced in the long term. Judging by similar campaigns carried out in Portugal, the effect of them is not immediately noticeable (Pinto et al., 2018). However, the dissemination of the social agenda through advertising slogans reaches the audience gradually, which is why the dissemination of information must be distributed over time. Campaigns lasting two or three months should be enough as a first step to influence the habits and perceptions of the audience. Stakeholders, that is, people directly involved in this action plan, are volunteers who are ready to participate in the project. Other stakeholders are the administration of those educational institutions that are ready to provide a platform for the implementation of the campaign becomes the stakeholders. For additional financial support, it would make sense to involve one of the organizations involved in the distribution of food waste. Dreaming Out Loud, for example, is dedicated to providing food to those in need, minimizing waste and creating a more sustainable social balance ( Volunteer, 2022). The organization can both contribute to providing valuable, factually accurate information about the problem and offer schoolchildren and students participation in volunteer programs. Professionally and personally, this collaboration has the potential to make a deep impression on me, opening up perspectives on the power of volunteerism and collective initiative for the best. Undoubtedly, this task has managed to change my ideas of ​​the distribution of goods, recalling that in many cities, the amount of food is excessive, while the poor and even starving segments of the population remain prevalent. In this tragic social context, the work of volunteers and social services seems to me an extremely valuable concept. State initiatives that lack attention to par
Introduction Intercultural communication in both commercial and public communication is very important. Scholars have conducted research in this field in order to help organizations come up with proper ways of communicating with the public under different cultural settings. In this section, the researcher will review existing literatures in reference to this topic. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is one of the tools that organizations must take into consideration when developing commercial and public service advertisements (Mariake 69). It is believed that people of different social needs will view advertisements from different perspectives. The model is very important when communicating with customers in a highly diversified marketplace. The figure below shows the different social needs that people may have. Figure 1: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Source (Krishen and Bui 544). As shown in the above figure, the most basic of the needs are the physical needs. They include food, water, clothing, air, sleep, reproductive needs, and excretion. As Fang notes, these are needs that one cannot do without (28). When designing a commercial that targets people in this group, it is important to ensure that the message focuses on their specific needs. They may not give importance to fancy items needed by those in higher ranks of the ladder. The second stage in the hierarchy is those with safety needs. Security of family, resources, employment, health, and morality are of importance. People in this stage, according
Assisted suicide has been a controversial subject for many years. The reason for both euthanasia and assisted suicide, the difference between which is in who actively ends the life, the doctor or the patient, is ending unbearable pain. However, although this might seem reason enough for some to defend assisted suicide, others might argue it to be murder and/or against the Hippocratic Oath. In my opinion, assisted suicide should be legal, and it should be the patient’s choice to end his or her suffering when he or she feels it is too much to handle. There is an ethical dilemma which lies in determining whether the patient is in the right mind to make such a big decision. When someone is in a lot of pain, the easiest solution is to give up and to end the suffering by ending one’s life. However, the patient, and even the doctors, might not be aware of possible treatment. Therefore, going through with assisted suicide would mean taking away that chance at recovery. Furthermore, normalizing assisted suicide as the solution to intolerable pain might lead to a devaluation of life – and, as a result, to an increase in suicides, both in the hospital and outside. Moreover, as mentioned above, some might argue that assisted suicide goes against the professional medical ethics of the doctors and nurses. On the other hand, however, even in the sickest of states a person must still retain his or her autonomy. When in such condition, a patient is likely to feel incredibly helpless, and having the ability to decide whether to live or not might be the only way he or she can exercise control. Even if the patient does not go through with his decision, having that ability might be beneficial to his or her morale. Furthermore, the self-determination of such kind preserves dignity of the patient in a critical condition. And lastly, by the Hippocratic Oath, medical professionals swear to respect the patients’ autonomy. Hence, it would actually be against their professional ethics not to assist in suicide if the patient wanted them to do so. Therefore, because of these reasons, I think that assisted suicide and euthanasia should be legalized.
The past few decades have witnessed cut-throat competition among business entities in nearly all industries, trying to cut a niche for themselves and net some profits for their shareholders. Firms have conglomerated into distinctive industries for the purposes of marketing their products and services. Today, we have the travel industry, car industry, manufacturing industry, supermarket chains, and many more industries that compete for consumers in the marketplace. In this trade, some industries are more profitable than others owing to the dynamics of the competitive structure used by stakeholders. The supermarket chain industry is one such entity that has benefited immensely from utilizing the dynamics of competitive structure and various analytical models to gain a foothold in the increasingly competitive business market (Yu 2008). This paper aims at analyzing the business environment of Tesco supermarket in relation to various business analytical models used in the assessment of the nature of competition in the supermarket chain industry. The paper also aims at analyzing Tesco’s strategic capability. Based in Britain and with subsidiaries in many other countries, TESCO is an international general merchandising and grocery retail chain (Tesco 2008). It is accredited for being the largest British supermarket retailer by both domestic market share and global sales, with profits rising to 2 billion sterling pounds by the close of the 2007 financial year. It has risen in rank and file to become the fourth-largest retailer in the world. Though it originally specialized in the eating business, Tesco has managed to use sharp business acumen to diversify into areas of consumer electronics, consumer health insurance, clothing, consumer financial services, renting and retailing music downloads, DVDs, CDs, and internet service, software, and consumer health insurance. Tesco has utilized various business models to sustain itself in the market as one of the market leaders in the supermarket industry. From its humble organic growth of the 1950s, Tesco has mastered the game of acquisitions to own more than 800 supermarket stores to date (Tesco 2008). How Tesco’s management has been able to beat other leading supermarkets in their own game remains a matter of debate among industry analysts. Using va
Introduction Current patterns of globalization pose many challenges to businesses that venture into international markets. The international market has varied social, cultural, and ethical challenges that businesses should consider as they go global. These factors should be considered in the broader context since they are bound to affect the business in different ways. The company should be able to handle such challenges so that it can smoothly operate in a new country (Zekiri & Angelova, 2011). Culture and Ethical Beliefs: International Marketing Strategy Ethical problems are likely to increase due to globalization. In this case, companies have to deal with different counterparts in different countries. Therefore, the managers of businesses that want to go global have to understand the ethical decision making process of business in the foreign markets. Ethical issues might arise due to the divergent ethical behaviour and attitude, perceptions, and importance that is brought about by differences in culture, social setup, economic environment, demographic characteristics, and legal or political environment (Singhapakdi, Karande, Rao & Vitell, 2001). For a company to market its products in an international market with great success, it should clearly understand the social and ethical responsibilities expected by different stakeholders in the industry. These may include customers, competitors, government, suppliers, society, and shareholders. Therefore, it is critical for a company to establish these aspects before engaging in any production or marketing activity within any foreign market. This allows the company to embed cultural, social, and ethical considerations in its business operation within such markets. Cultural consideration could be the distinctive beliefs, norms, values, and customs that shape cultural dimensions such as individualism, collectivist, and power distance among other aspects. These dimensions determine how individuals live a society and the binding principles. They also determine consumer behaviour in any given society (Rawwas, 2001). In the last decade, the world has witnessed changing trends in consumer behaviour. The advent of ethical consumerism in this context, issues of culture and ethical beliefs in international marketing, come into play. Values are passed on from one generation to another, and they help in directing one’s behaviour and thinking. Values shape the individual’s concern for others’ morals. On the other hand, others place emphasis on pragmatism, individual success, competition, and risk taking. These morals and values shape the actions and decisions of an individual or group, which determine public and business ethics of any country (Rawwas, 2001). Internationalisation of businesses has triggered a series of ethical issues for business due to the factors that have already been mentioned. International marketing among m
The principal goals of the career development are the selection of a particular career and choice of the appropriate education related to the vision of career. Throughout this process, a person identifies his or her interests, capabilities, and competencies to evaluate the extent of their matching with the professional opportunities and potential outcomes of training (Creed & Hughes, 2012, p. 147). The strategic approach towards the achievement of both personal and professional goals helps to foresee and assess the undesired occasions, challenges, and negative results and makes everything possible for the success attainment. The strategic planning involves the skills of rational and critical thinking and makes a person learn to take the responsibility for his or her actions and decisions. “The choice of an occupation is construed as an attempt to fulfill a desired way of life through one’s work” (Guthrie, Coate, & Schwoerer, 1998, p. 373). The choice of career depends on the person’s perceptions of self, personal values, skills, and abilities. It is possible to say that when an individual chooses to become a practitioner-scholar in the field of psychology, he or she is driven by the interest in the nature of the human mind, and the aspiration to help people is included in the set of his or her values. The thirst for the explorations and research is the intrinsic feature of any practitioner-scholar in psychology. However, being at the very beginning of the path to the professional development, a young person needs to elaborate and design a strategy that would be usefully and effectively applied in practice and would lead to the fulfillment in the profession. Strategy development is the efficient method of any goal achievement: personal, academic, or career. First of all, the long-term objectives must be formulated. The personal values and vision are very helpful in this regard because they let envisioning the ideal image of the desired position in the future with all the necessary qualities, capabilities, and strengths. Once the long-term goal is clear, it is important to detect the short-term objectives the achievement of which will lead to the main goal. It is important to evaluate and analyze the external professional environment and identifies the potential obstacles or the sources of support for the career development path. Some time must be devoted to the evaluation of the personal weaknesses and competencies as well. A great amount of determination and motivation by values and vision combined with the analysis of internal and external advantages and disadvantages help to develop the behavior aimed at the achievement of success. The field of psychology provides a lot of opportunities to grow and train oneself. A practitioner-scholar can find support in the professional knowledge of many scholars and scientists who described and shared their brilliant ideas in the articles, books, and other research papers. A newcomer to the field can be motivated and encouraged by being involved in discussions and communication processes with the experienced colleagues who can provide g
Introduction When adopting a Bill of Rights (Human Rights Act), it is necessary that Australia should follow the pattern of Victorian Charter on Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006. Victorian Charter of Human Rights/Responsibility Act of 2006 is important, because it addresses the following. “By drawing the nexus between policies and practices with human rights standards, the Charter becomes a powerful tool that changes the way the Victorian Government and public authorities function. CLA has advocated for the inclusion of economic, social and cultural rights in the Charter. Incorporating these rights will go far in achieving protections for children, women, disabled, indigenous and other vulnerable groups and would reposition economic, social and cultural rights within a rights based framework. This would also provide individuals and advocacy groups with more tools to serve their interests, and make public authorities transparent and accountable ” ( Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006, p.10). Focusing on this statement, it is necessary for Australia to adopt a Human Rights Act. Moreover, this should be done according to the (Victorian) Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006. Thesis Statement Even though, Australia has not adopted the Human Rights Act, it is important for the country to adopt a Bill of rights, following Victorian Charter due to several reasons. Reasons for adopting the Human Rights Act First, a Bill of Rights will enhance adequate support for human rights/freedom. It is evident that there is inadequate protection given to human rights in Australia, and this can be supported by the following assertions. “Human rights are not given comprehensive and consistent legal protection in Australia. Many basic rights remain unprotected and others are haphazardly covered by an assortment of laws. There are numerous examples of violations that fall through the gaps in the current regime. The state of human rights for many disadvantaged groups in Australia remains precarious and vulnerable ” ( A Human Rights Act for All Australians 2009 , p.8). In order to salvage this unfortunate situation regarding legal protection of human rights, Australia has to adopt Human Rights Act. On several occasions, human rights and dignity have been violated in Australia, through unfair legal justice and harsh punishments. Therefore, adoption of the Human Rights Act will enable the Australian government to fairly execute punishments. In executing punishment on offenders, the public interest may be expressed, though in most cases, such interests are unconstitutional. Therefore, the public interest should only be considered to the extent that they adhere to the constitution and common good. In the process of legal proceedings, there are several steps that the government can take to investigate a case, but these procedures can violate the personal/ public interest. For instance, the government can investigate to justif