ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The plan for the day was to have an outing within town. However, we wanted to complement the outing with some snacks. We settled on having vanilla, the ice cream we realized was only offered at Domino Pizza. As a matter of fact, Domino Pizza is one of the restaurants in town that offer variety of fast food products and a mixture of services. We settled on Domino Pizza due to the exemplary services delivery, affordability, and the quality of services being offered. The pre-purchase stage According to services consumption, the pre-procurement phase in the restaurant services consumption starts from touching the requirements of the clientele, which continue through the examination of info, as well as assessing the available options to the final decision concerning the procurement of specific services (Marsden & Littler, 1998). The final decision to buy the service will depend on the level of the need of the consumer to buy that service (Hunt, 2004). The need awareness We wanted something that was more of a snack and suitable for the outdoor outing. Moreover, we wanted a snack that is fashionable and affordable according to our pre-planned outing within the town center. When we were setting out, we had not decided yet on which restaurant we will visit or what kind of snack we will buy. However, we knew that at some point we would need some snacks. Our need for a snack was not only aroused by the physical well-being, but also in the manner by which Domino Pizza has been advertizing its ice creams on the television (Shashikala & Suresh, 2013). The advert claims that it is stylish and fashionable only when an outing was complemented with the ice creams. Nevertheless, our need for the ice cream was motivated by combined factors. According to McColl-Kennedy and Fetter (1999), the consumer needs can be aroused by the physical well-being or condition of the individual, aspirations, as well as external sources. However, we could shift our wants depending on the situation on the ground and the type of services the ice cream dealers will provide. Gabbott and Hogg (2005) argue that fast food dealers’ knowledge of shifting the attitude of the consumer offers an opportunity to understand and meet the changing needs of the consumer. Information search Once we already agreed on the ice cream, we embarked on the search for the type of ice creams available and the restaurants that offered such types of the ice creams. The information search we embarked on was in line with Kim et al. (2010) assertions that once the customer has identified the need, he will be driven to search for information and evaluate the a
Country, Industry and Competitor Analysis This situation analysis focuses on the suitability of Marks and Spencer in Holland and the necessary factors the company has to take into account before venturing into this market. The market has several advantages, which Marks and Spencer can tap into given the level of success it has experienced in the UK. The company can focus on developing a clothing product line that appeals to young, urbane and career individuals who are not afraid to try out new concepts. These products can be for both sexes with special focus being given to individuals of the ages 15 to 50 of both genders who are conscious of how they look and how people perceive them through their manner of dressing. The majority of the country’s population is aged 25 to 65 (Knijn & Rijken 2003, pp. 3-4). This represents a good demographic range, which the company can profit from. It can also explore the jewellery market within the country and try to tap into the demand for the goods among the upper class of the Dutch society (Euromonitor 2010, p. 3). Marks and Spencer can position itself to target a market consisting of demographics ranging from the ages of 15 to 50 and develop a product line that meets the expectations of these demographics. The company should focus on producing clothes, which can last both winter and summer for the targeted clients (Herbig 1997). This numbers represent the largest population in the country and they are likely to take up foreign concepts more easily (Hebig 1997, p. 46). The industry in Holland is dominated mainly by HEMA, Vroom & Dreesman, De Bijenkorf and Maison de Bonneterie. These companies have several branches across the country and they are likely to create competition for M&S once it sets up its operations within the country. The companies offer various products within their areas of specialisation targeting their demographics. V & D has over 62 departmental stores all over Holland, with clothing being one of the items that are on offer in these stores. The company targets the mass market for its products and this is shown by the many branches it has all over the country. The various clothes the company deals in are designed to meet the requirements of people of all ages regardless of their age. The HEMA departmental stores are more than 400 in Holland alone and just like V & D the company has adopted the mass market model for selling its products (Euromonitor 2010, p. 3-7). De Bijenkorf and Maison de Bonneterie are more specialised in their operations and they have their own specialised market segments, which they target. De Bijenkorf target market consists of high end fashion targeting men and women who have a refined taste in fashion. The range of clothes offered by this company targets clients who are urban and sophisticated, who crave for a unique experience in terms of the way they clad. Moreover, De Bijenkorf ‘s target clients who are more sophisticated and who fall under the higher end segmen
Introduction Nowadays, it becomes increasingly clear to more and more people that the realities of contemporary living are being largely defined by the essence of the process of economic integration between the subjects of international law, which appears to be gaining an exponential momentum. The actual subtleties of this integration, closely associated with the concept of trade liberalization, result in increasing the extent of economic interdependency between countries and in establishing a variety of objective preconditions for ensuring the competitiveness of microeconomic and macroeconomic systems. On the other hand, the same process results in increasing the extent of the functional dichotomy between regional segments of the world’s economy. The validity of this suggestion can be well explored within the context of how trade liberalization in Latin America had affected the economic well-being of the region’s countries, and also within the context of how the increased extent of economic integration between Latin American countries proves the conceptual soundness of Endogenous growth theory, which regards the very notion of economic growth as essentially self-regulated process, closely affiliated with the concept of technological progress. Ever since the late eighties, the policy-makers in most Latin American countries have been trying to revitalize the functioning of their countries’ economies by proclaiming their willingness to observe the provisions of the so-called Washington Consensus, as the foundation upon which the process of designing economic policies should be based. In its turn, Washington Consensus refers to the set of recommendations by IMF, World Bank, and Inter-American Development Bank, aimed at increasing the degree of regional economies’ global competitiveness. The main body of these provisions can be outlined as follows:  1. Trade liberalization – opening up Latin American markets on a global and regional scale by the mean of reducing or eliminating tariffs for inbounded imports.  2. Privatization – allowing state-owned commercial enterprises to be privatized and reducing the extent of governments’ involvement in regulating the functioning of regional economies.  3. Financial liberalization – establishing preconditions for the exchange rates to reflect the actual sustainability of regional economies. In his article, Vellinga (2002) provides us with the conceptual summary of Consensus’s provisions, as applied to Latin American countries: “The economy had to be governed by the market. Trade barriers had to be eliminated, protectionist practices scrapped and conditions for foreign investment liberalized” (28). Thus, i
Introduction The rate at which criminal activities happen around the world is alarming. While majority associate these activities with adult men and women, it is surprising to realize the share of the crimes that are committed by children. In most instances, people assume that children are not involved criminal activities. It is therefore worth noting the depth of Schmalleger’s report on children and crime. In fact, Schemalleger’s report of 2008 revealed that about 10% of the 99,794 juvenile arrests were of children of 12 years and below (2011, p. 542). An approximately 17% of all the arrests made in the United States every year comprised juveniles. In addition, juveniles are responsible for about 16% aggressive felony acts and about 26% property crimes in the United States. Since children form less than a third of the population, their percentage involvement in crime is disproportional (542). This argument indicates that the prevalence of criminal activities resulting from juveniles has been assumed in the world. The percentages revealed by such studies like that of Schmalleger are enough to prove that children’s involvement in criminal acts is alarming. In fact, this trend has been increasing over the years especially in the United States. Therefore, the rising trends of criminal acts by children have made it necessary for advocates and law makers to develop ways of reducing incidences of crimes committed by juveniles. They introduced the scared-straight programs as mechanisms of fighting felony acts by children. Whether they are effective or not has been a subject of discussion. As the paper reveals, removing some aspects such as confrontation and maintaining contact and support to the offenders and their families over an extended period can make the programs effective. However, the share that this strategy can have is insignificant in relation to the weight of the cons of the program, which make it ineffective. Sacred-straight Programs are not Effective Scared-straight programs cannot be effective by themselves alone because juvenile crimes continue to rise even after great efforts by the government of the United States to enact legislations to promote it over the years. For instance, in the United States, several acts promoted the establishment of juvenile courts in a bid to separate children in crimes from mature adults. A good example of such a move that has never born any fruits is the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899. This Act initiated a system of juvenile courts in the state of Illinois. Through the same Act, all juveniles in crimes were to be regarded as delinquents. Because of this Act, judges of the juvenile courts were advised to keep focus on the interest of the children in crimes than on their criminal act (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 546). In fact, no juvenile offender would be regarded as a criminal in such courts. Judges were to regard them as delinquents. This strategy is one of the grounds that made scare-straight programs unsuccessful. The second ef
Thesis The thesis of this paper underscores the development of cinema. The social and cultural influences of film are critical in comprehension of the means by which communities made films and consumed them. Its ardor and focus on technology advancement is vital for drawing conclusions. Hansen studied D.W Griffith films to construe the spectatorship. By eager study of the film industry, (since the invention of cinema to the exhibition of D.W Griffith’s Birth of a Nation) this study reveals the reaction of film creators and their audience to different moments in cinema history from precursor motion picture to early twentieth century, 1915. Precursor of Motion Picture Technology It is obvious that, in the past centuries, one of the most inspirational entertainment technologies was the invention of cinema. Motion pictures have revolutionized entertainment and documentary. As perfect as it seems today, the technology developed from a long series of technical inventions over time. Before significant technological discoveries in the sphere of photochemistry, the precursors of motion pictures were fare beyond science. First attempt to introduce the idea of moving pictures traces back to middle of the seventeenth century, when Athanasius Kircher “who projected crude hand-painted images of the Devil…on the wall of a darkened chamber by the light of a smoky lamp” (Ramsaye 2). Two centuries later, Mark Roger conducted research on the perception. His worked called Persistence of Vision presents “the first scientific inquiry into the phenomena upon which the motion picture illusion of to-day is based” (Ramsaye 2). Further explorations came to the forth in 1835 when Joseph Ferdinand Antoine Plateau presented a twirling disc, what he called the Phenakistoscope where “a frieze of hand-drawn figures…could be seen as a single figure in apparent motion” (Ramsaye 2). One of the major precursors of this technology is Zoetrope. This technology was invented in 1853 in Vienna, and it was widely used to view rapidly changing series of still images where it gave the impression of movement (Ramsaye 3). Further development and study of realistic pictures were closely associated with the study of photography in France. In 1829, Daguerre and Niepce initiated their study on photography viewing it as a means of making painting more realistic (Ramsaye 3). In the second half of nineteenth century, photography progressed significantly, but not enough for perpetuating objects in motion. However, Coleman Sellers managed to make a series of pictures to record his sons with the help of pictures “mounted on the blades of a pad
Introduction There is a high rate of airborne transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the microorganism responsible for tuberculosis infection (TB). Therefore, patients must be isolated in their homes to control the transmission of the bacterium from the infected to the uninfected individuals (White, Khatib, Riederer & Flood, 2007). The patients and their family members should be provided with the right information and guidelines on how to organize the appropriate isolation rooms and maintain the patient in order to prevent the spread of the disease (White, et al., 2007). The purpose of this report is to provide a detailed but brief description of the information that should be taught to the patients and their families to prevent the spread of TB. Instructions to the family First, the patient must stay away from other people (MacIntyr, 2012). A separate room should be equipped for the patient. A surgical mask must be worn when the patient is leaving the room. (National Tuberculosis Center, 2012). Other people should not be allowed to enter the home except those providing support and healthcare services. Moreover, the isolation instructions should remain in effect until a clinician recommends the removal of the patient from isolation. Within the isolation rooms, some safety conditions must always be applied (National Tuberculosis Center, 2012). For example, the windows and doors must remain open to enhance airflow. Instructions to the patient According to MacIntyr (2012), the patient’s mouth and nose should be covered with a cloth or tissue when sneezing or coughing. The material should be flushed, burned or sealed off for disposal through incineration immediately after use. Instructions to the healthcare workers When visiting a medical set up, the patient must cover his mouth with a surgical mask to avoid infecting other people (National Tuberculosis Center, 2012). It is recommended that the DOT visits need to be conducted outdoors and take the shortest time possible in order not to exceed the exposure time (White, et al., 2007). The DOT worker must wear the N95 mask during the visit. Other health workers must also wear the mask when dealing with the patient, collecting sputum, providing medicine and other activities (White, et al., 2007).
Introduction Evidence based practice is becoming very popular all over the world today. This follows the ever rising cases of chronic diseases and the practitioners who are ever joining the field. The practitioners’ competence and skill is also very commendable. Greenhalgh T. (2006 p98), says that “In every year, two thirds of the cases go for alternative medication.” This could be very true following the changing health trends. Results In the year 2004-2005, one hundred and ninety three cases were interviewed. The result was distributed among health professionals, young children, and the elderly and other professionals who had no knowledge in the medical field. Eighty seven percent of the practitioners admitted being inadequately. But this high percentage still attends to the ever increasing number of the cases that require their attention. Sixty two percent admitted finding themselves in the field without undergoing any training. There also emerged beliefs and a strong pull between practitioners and allied parties. Analysis Different fields of practice influenced the results depending on the area of study and professionalism. This could be self explanatory however; much more issues arise when analyzing the result. This could though give the allied parties a voice and need to demand for the training of alternative medicine practitioners just like they do. Method To become successful in the evidence research, questioners were used in the justification of evidence based practice. “These were to evaluate the allied health care professionals and practitioners’ basic knowledge, skills and beliefs concerning the main principles of evidence based practice.” Lewith, G (2001 p 66). Reliability of the Research The research can be said to be a success but critically, it really did not bring out the evidence. Out of the respondents, almost two thirds of the respondents complained of insufficient time to use the evidence based practice. Lack of resources also was a challenge that forty percent complained of as a barrier. In research it is required to have sufficient research materials to help in come up with quality research. Skills to analyze the research also were very limited as nobody could analyze the statistics and come up with proper analysis. Other problems associated with research could be possibly lack of unity among the researches in carrying out and analyzing the research. Finally it could also be a challenge of inability to appraise the evidence based practice. “The researchers must have also lost the morale to keep up carrying on the research because of the same result! This led to monotony and premature drawing of conclusion
Simply put, polyvinyl is a general term referring to a compound (resin) that results from a merger of a diversity of vinyl monomers. As such, there exist polyvinyl compounds of chloride, alcohol and acetate. These elements that constitute a polyvinyl compound are responsible for the different characteristics exhibited by the same. To this end, their applications are specific to the characteristics they exhibit. For instance, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is typically a thermoplastic compound hence; it finds application in the manufacture of packaging and construction materials. Ideally, the material is easy to modify and use; it is affordable too. On the other hand, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is transparent in nature, and it is applicable in the manufacture of glues as well as adhesives. Moreover, it is responsible for the glossy appearance of textile and paper materials when applied as a coating material. With regards to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), its characteristic that renders it odorless and tasteless is what makes it an influential compound in food industry. It is powdery in nature and serves “as a binding/coating agent” (Thornton, 2002). Furthermore, it serves as a moisture barrier. With respect to the synthesis of polyvinyl, this paper will approach this subject on three fronts that include the manufacture of PVC, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate. In view of PVC, this is a compound that encompasses both salt and oil in its lattice. The salt (chloride) and the oil (ethylene) are the elements that form the precursor compound (monomer polyvinyl chloride (MVC)) that undergoes polymerization to form PVC resin. This
Introduction Did you know that the human brain is more or less like a computer? Though the two are not similar in terms of physical appearances, there exists a striking resemblance in structure and the functions they carry out. Firstly, computers have memory just like human brains. However, computers do have a distinct advantage in that their memory can be erased and replaced. Both computers and brains can also store and process information though the processing speed of computers is much higher than that of the brain. The advantages brought about by the use of computers have led to the adoption of technology in modern learning institutions. This presentation takes a look at the impact technology has had on the education sector. This will be done by analyzing the positive and negative effects of technology adoption in learning. Positive impact Literacy development Students can gain access to digital tools such as audio and video clips, images and Web pages by using computers in learning. These tools enable the students to improve on their vocabulary development since they can access better platforms for word pronunciations, word meanings and comprehension strategies. This will, in turn, go a long way in improving literacy development among students. Improved language acquisition Use of technology in learning also enables students to access a better platform for language acquisition. For instance, students gain access to video tutorials that are human interactive. Thus, they can be able to slow down the video playback speed, rewind it or even hit the pause button in order to note down an important point or take a short break. This greatly enhances language acquisition. Negative impact Technology overuse Though it has a myriad of advantages, technology has also proven to be a bit disadvantageous in the learning process. One notable disadvantage is technology overload. Some students spend too much time staring at the computer screen to an extent of limiting their outdoor activities. This negatively affects growth and development in young children. Technology should hence be used as a supplement to normal learning and not as the sole method of learning. Reduced creativity The rise of the Internet has really changed the world as we know it. With the instant click of a mouse button, people can now shop, pay bills and communicate with each other over long distances. The development of search engines such as Google and Yahoo give students the mentality that every answer can be found on the Internet. This notion has limited their sense of creativity since they don’t take much time to think critically when looking for answers to class assignments. Conclusion Much like the human brain, the computer can gain, process and store information. Many modern institutions have used this notion and adopted technology to aid students in their learning process. This has brought a number of advantages such as enhancing literacy development. However, some disadvantages have also cropped up such as technology overuse where the student will spend too much time on the computer and neglect outdoor activities. Measures should hence be