ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Language is phenomenal. People from all the walks of life communicate through the use of different languages or gestures. We can all say that language is the most efficient and enjoyable means of communication. We express our emotions by the use of language. The fascinating thing about language is based on how it evolves and the use of similar words having different meanings to different people. Besides, language is a social identity that defines us, our origin or even one’s social status (Stout 46). My visit to Africa in particular Kenya made me appreciate Language. Slum dwellers in the capital city of Kenya, use the word tenje to mean a radio. Similarly, the rural inhabitants living in the western part of the country, use the same word to mean the same thing. On a contrary, those living in the estate in the suburbs of the capital city use the word tenje to mean a mobile phone. Clearly, the word is a tool that can be used to differentiate the social status or identity of a person, more than the interaction of different people (Stout 56). Another fascinating topic about language is how it has evolved and changed with time. Through the interaction of people of various origin, the result is always a usage of a common language (Claudine 48). The resulting language may be a composition of different languages or dominated by a few. Some languages even become extinct in the process. Take for instance the Blackfoot language of the native Americans, the language that created cohesion and understanding among its users and that has become nothing. The language has also changed significantly where the old and the new generations use the language differently (Stout 46). Restriction of individual languages in certain institutions is of great interest to any linguistic student. It may create equality at the same time causing more significant damage to one’s language. As said earlier, language establishes a sense of identity. Hampering one from using his or her native language robs a sense of belonging or identity (Claudine 78). A language may become defunct as a result of this. Back in the ancient time in America, schools and police force were restricted from using the Blackfoot language. Today, the repercussions are quite evident. Restoring the past state of the language will not only be difficult but costly to the government. One thing that I don’t comprehend about language is the reason why it changes and the period it takes to change. I keep contemplating the answers to these two questions. Personally, I have been using the same native language I used at a tender age. It may be impossible for me to realize the changes that have occurred probably due to my ignorance. Could there be any mystery behind the change or extinction of a certain language? (Stout 44) The questions could be answered through comprehensive research by the students in conjunction with linguistic professional. Further reading would supplement the research (Claudine 92). In conclusion, the topics covered are nothing less than a lifetime knowledge. The topics have made me embrace and appreciate language mainly my mother
Introduction While marriage has traditionally been prescribed as a union between heterosexuals, there has been a shift towards giving marriage rights to homosexual couples. This change has been brought about by the prevalence of homosexuality in the society and the widespread acceptance of gay relationships. While until recently homosexuality was looked upon as vile and even criminalized by some governments, the 1960s saw a change in trend that saw many states making laws that decriminalized same-sex conduct and abolished discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation (Volokh 106). Riding on this momentum, gay activists all over the country have been calling for the legalizing of gay marriages all through the country. This legalization would ensure that gay couples were afforded the same rights and benefits as their heterosexual counterparts. Despite this advocacy, the ultimate goal of gay marriages legalization remains unachieved. This paper will set out to argue that gay marriages should be legalized. The paper shall outline various arguments to demonstrate that same-sex marriages should be legitimized. The major oppositions presented by anti-gay right activists will also be highlighted to give a balanced view on the topic. A case for Gay Marriages The denial of marriage rights to the gay hinders their mental health and well-being. The American Psychological Association has issued statements that demonstrate that harmful mental health effects result from the discrimination that lesbians and gay men face (Herdt and Kertzner 11). This is a notion that is corroborated by Culhane who states that marriage would result in reduction in the stress associated with the social exclusion and legal uncertainty that same-sex couples currently face (491). As it currently stands, gay couples lack the social support system to help cope with the stress that comes about from the discrimination that they face. Legalizing gay marriages would reverse this situation therefore improving the wellbeing of the gay community. A research on the effects of civil partnership status in Great Britain demonstrated that the partnerships resulted in better health outcomes for the couples inasmuch as stable same-sex relationships lead to better health (Culhane 491). Marriage is a benefit not only to the two people being joined by the union but to the society as well. This is true for both heterosexual and same-sex couple marriages. By refusing to recognize the legitimacy of same-sex marriages, the individual as well as the society is affected. Giving same-sex couples same marriage rights as heterosexual couples would enjoy them to enjoy the benefits that are inherent in the marriage institute (Peplau and Fingerhut 407). In particular, same-sex couples would benefit greatly from the income and wealth benefits that are realized from marriage since marital status enjoys substantial legal and financial privileges. The lack of legal recognition of gay marriages as a denial of the gay person’s right to
The term immigration is used to refer to the movement of people between countries. The problem of immigration is almost as old as immigration itself. For American immigration history, it means that it coincides with the settlement of the country: the settlement of America was influenced more by the immigration processes rather than by the natural increase of the citizens. The first cases of U.S. immigration date back to 1559 when the first American cities were founded by immigrants (Pensacola by the Spaniards, Fort Caroline by the French, etc.) In 1640 the population of colonies was 25,000. By 1854 the figures of annual immigration had reached 428,000 (Garis 1). The bad times of the war negatively influenced the immigration processes. Still, the American population was increased by a total of 38 million immigrants. New York and other metropolitan centers have become a modern Babel of tongues, the ethnic complexity of numerous American cities turned into an important feature of modern civilization (Ziegler 1). According to Fairchild, the history of immigration in the United States can be divided into five periods: The first of these includes the time between the first settlement of the North American colonies and the year 1783. This date is chosen for the end of this first period because […] ‘At that time the state was established, and any further additions to the population had little influence in changing its form or the language and customs of the people.’ The second period, from 1783 to 1830, may be called the period of ‘free immigration.’ It coincides with the beginning of our independent life and the beginning of immigration as a distinctly American national problem. It was a period of small immigration and may be designated as the period of fre
Introduction Equality movements are a popular topic in the modern world, and many social classes fight for their rights and freedoms actively. Nevertheless, this trend originated earlier, despite the fact that today, its implications seem more significant. In order to assess the role of individual influences on such a phenomenon as gender equality, the example of the “Iron Girls” of China will be considered. This topic is an acute social issue, and the problems raised by the group stakeholders concern not only labor but also other aspects of women’s lives. The influence of the trend on equality on the example of “Iron Girls” benefits the feminism movement and helps to draw attention to the claims made by its participants. Peculiarities of the Movement and Its Implications The image of a strong and independent woman promoted today by feminist communities originated in the second half of the 20th century. According to Evans, in 1968, around the world, women’s rights movements appeared, and their members were disappointed with the inequality that was characteristic of all the sectors of life. 1 As the author argues, in the camp of the communist countries, the indignation of women was particularly strong because promises regarding gender equality were not kept. 2 In China, this, in turn, led to the creation of the “Iron Girls” movement that was one of the first social programs to support feminist demands. As a result, this community was a well-known both inside the country and outside it due t
Contrary to the belief held in the writings by Francisco López de Gómara that the Indians regarded the Spaniard as divine gods, the author of the article “Burying the White Gods: New Perspectives on the Conquest of Mexico”, Camilla Townsend provides a detailed and new perspective showing that the Indians never regarded the Spaniards as gods. Here, Camilla Townsend’s argument on the assertion by that Francisco López de Gómara that Mexicans viewed the Spaniards as the Quetzalcoatl god who had returned home after travelling to be a wrong belief and without scientific evidence. Camilla Townsend endeavors to establish the true foundation of the origin of the thought that the Spaniards were gods and to dispel the wrong belief by arguing that that the Indians regarded the Spaniards as real people. In the article, Camilla Townsend seeks to explain that the Indians were equally intelligent as the Spaniards, and that intelligence was not a factor that led them to belief that Spaniards were gods. In this article, it is evident that the Indians had a lot of concerns and wanted to know the background of the Spaniards, the real intentions they had, and how they were different from them. According to Camilla Townsend, the argument that the Indians ever held the belief that the Spaniards were gods was because Francisco López de Gómara authored an article without conducting detailed research and lacked scientific facts to support the argument. In Camilla Townsend’s perspective, scientific facts showed that the gaps in technology, the different levels of technology, and the need to bridge the technological gap that existed between the Indians and the Spaniards explains the existence and the reason for the durability of the myth. It is evident that the Spaniards had superior technology that enabled them to be victors of the land against the Aztec. The Spaniards migrated to Mexico from Europe with superior agricultural technology, which they had to perfect and use. In addition, the Spaniards migrated to Mexico with advanced tools such as armory, swords, spears, and advanced sea faring capabilities which enabled them to communicated and replenish their supplies from the mother country. Because of the Spaniard’s advanced technology compared with the technology of the indigenous people, it was incumbent upon the Indians to accept the Spaniards and live with them harmoniously or to be at war and see their property and lives destroyed and ravaged to the ground. It is also clear that the Indians were intelligent contrary to the belief that the Indians lacked of intelligence. Evidence shows the Aztecs were intelligent people based on observations made on the accuracy of their calendars, poetry, gold works, and pictoglyph books. Typically, the Spaniards brought diseases which later infected the local Indians who had generously welcomed the Spaniards to live with them. The Spaniards however, were not good people because of the destruction and pain they caused the local Indians. Throughout the article, it is clear that technology was the tool that made the Spaniards superior to the Indians and not the fact that the India
In the January issue of the “Foreign Affairs” journal, the essay “The Great Crash” by Roger C. Altman, Chair and CEO of Evercore Partners and the former U.S. Deputy Treasury Secretary, the author draws a dark picture of the economic development of the US, Europe and Japan, outlining that the developed world is going through an intensive recession, which surpasses in its depth the crisis of the eighties (Altman, 2009). Additionally, in a speech by top White House economic adviser Lawrence H. Summers at the Council on Foreign Relations, Summers believes that the current recession will be prolonged because of the created “downward spiral” through which the financial sector has entered (WSJ Staff, 2009). In no less harsh times are going through European and other developed countries, including Japan, where the global financial system became on the verge of collapsing. In general, it is quite apparent that the crisis has struck the strongest blow on the financial and economic situation of the industrially developed countries, or in other words, most OECD countries (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). In that context, particular hopes were set on the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries, in maintaining a relatively high economic growth, which would speed up the recovery of the world economy. Specifically, in Altman’s essay, it was predicted that the crisis will facilitate “the rapid rise of other economies, especially China and India.” (Altman, 2009). In such a matter, it can be assumed that with OECD countries recovering that the growth might stop. Nevertheless, this paper takes the position that the economic growth of BRIC countries will continue their fast growth past the recovery of Developed countries. The first factor that should be mentioned in support of the continuous growth of the BRIC countries is the fact that in the current decade, prior to the occurrence of the crisis, all BRIC countries demonstrated a persistently high rate of economic growth. Taking a look at the indicators of economic growth of BRIC countries, the consistent growth can be seen through the following outlines:   * B razil – a record trade surplus in 2003, the first since 1992, with GDP growth of 4.9 in 2004 (Kumar and Fodea, 2009)   * R ussia – as of the end of 2007, Russia “experienced nine straight years of growth that averaged 7% annually” (2008)   * I ndia – an average economic growth of 7% since 1997, with the country’s poverty decreasing by 10% through the same period (2008)   * C hina – a tenfold GDP increase since 1978, and as of December, the foreign exchange reserves and gold of China was estimated at $2 trillion (2008) In that regard, it can be seen that the main indicators of the growth in BRIC countries
Needs assessment criteria I will prioritize the end users’ needs using a simple assessment framework that analyzes the information retrieved from the end users themselves and the people supervising the unit in question. The first priority would be given to the instances that cause immediate threat to the safety of their unit: it can differ from what the users have requested help with, and it can be more hazardous. If this is the case, the problem that the user has allocated would be given the second priority. The third priority would be attributed to the existing needs that the users are not aware of. This can be determined through the people tasked with the unit supervision to increase the users’ awareness and take timely action. Finally, the anticipated threats should be made available to the users to deal with in the feasible future (Hebda & Czar, 2013). Kronos: A speed, efficiency, and storage capacity evaluation Ideally, a nursing information system should be a tool of speeding up the health care process and integrate client and stakeholder data to facilitate multidisciplinary analysis (Hunt, Sproat & Kitzmiller, 2013). The present information system allows for providing the necessary care quite efficiently and makes such an analysis possible. Because it integrates client data from various levels, it can also be used as a health promotion and disease prevention tool. Finally, it offers an opportunity to share and communicate with peers via the forum – a valuable feature for practitioners (Landi, 2014). Overall, the system allows the informaticists to manage the client-level data through the utilization of standard language quite effectively, although the present speed is lower than desirable. Troubleshooting personnel During the time of my experience with Kronos, I have encountered some connectivity issues although the Internet connection was present. They did not occur often and were not continuous, but I feel I should have contacted a support team member for a consultation. The low speed could prove to be an inconvenience when an urgent access to the documentation is needed. Such issues should be resolved once they are discovered because there will be no time to handle them in case of an emergency. Other personnel Although I had a chance to glimpse into the technical account manager’s workflow, I feel a closer observation would have been more beneficial. The managers have years of experience with such software, they could provide some insights into the problems that can arise, and demonstrate what it takes to resolve such cases rapidly. There are sources on technical account management that reveal some of the areas of technical account managers’ competency: customer service and support, solving issues like remote access and backup, and teamwork to operate with maximum efficiency ( Plus Support Datasheet , 2016). Lessons learned Before the assignment, I had a suspicion that medical record operation was gearing down the speed of workflow because the practitioner would have to listen to the client first and then turn to their
Introduction In this world of technologies and changing trends in nature and the way of doing business, it becomes increasingly important to involve economic and management concepts in the day-to-day running of a business enterprise. This becomes imperative due to the escalating cost of doing business, the global nature of business with most businesses getting jobs outside their countries, and the fast pacing world of technological advancements which antiquate current systems as soon as they are developed. It, therefore, becomes inevitable that technological improvements and sound economic management of business finances, human and material resources are the only way possible to maximize profits as well as optimizing service (and or goods) delivery. Organizing, analyzing, and automating business activities comes at a cost and effective and efficient management of the business resources; therefore becomes a top priority item for business owners and managers. Business Economics and Management concepts are set tools that can help organizations improve their business performance. It is a framework for organizing, automating, and analyzing the operations of a business, its processes, and systems that improve business performance. Some of the business economics and management concepts include profit maximization, innovation optimization, and management synchronization. In the construction industry, as is true in any other business enterprise, business economics, and management concepts are used extensively. Construction management, as business economics and management is known in the construction and property industries, encompasses the following fields: Cost Management, Time Management, Safety Management, Quality Management, Contract Administration, Project Management Planning, and Contract Management Professional Practice which outlines the responsibilities and management structure of the project management team, organizes and leads by implementing project controls, defining roles and responsibilities and developing communication protocols as well as identifying elements of project design and construction likely to give rise to disputes and claims. Therefore business economics and management in the construction industry can be looked at as the study and practice of the sum total of all the managerial and technological aspects that are involved in the construction industry. The aspect includes construction, construction science, construction management, and construction technology. The construction sector is very important for the UK economy. It accounts for 10% of the UK’s GDP and employs 1.5 million people. It has 2.1 million people working for it and about 500,000 professionals. The company has more than 250,000 construction firms. Some specialize in groundwork, roofing, fabrication, property development, and maintenance of steel reinforcements amongst the myriad of diversifications in the construction business. Some
Introduction The abolition of slavery was a major step towards human rights progress. It was followed by the emergence of more resistance movements that set further acquisition of liberties by the Black people as their goal. The most significant movement of the last century was Black Panthers, and Black Lives Matter is seen by some as its direct successor. This essay will discuss parallels and discrepancies between the two movements. Common Goals Both Black Panthers and Black Lives Matter issued their ten-point programs between which one may find similarities. Black Panthers deemed the government responsible for providing better housing whereas Black Lives Matter reached out to white communities to enhance urban development and will their property to black families (“The Ten-Point Program”). The creation of both movements served the common goal: the liberation of African Americans. Use of Media The two movements used or are using available media outlets. To distribute information, Black Panthers published their magazine the contents of which would never appear in the mainstream media. Black Lives Matter has a wider choice of media tools and conveys its message via photographs, videos, and social media posts. As for the actions of protest, both movements relied heavily on performance art and theatrics. Public Support As for public support, both movements have generated a considerable amount of controversy. However, Black Panthers faced more pushback and repercussions whereas Black Lives Matter made it to the mainstream. BLM attained wide publicity, and their platform was covered in Time magazine. The movement has also conducted successful fundraising campaigns. Conclusion In the history of the United States, slavery has never been a brief aberration but an era that left its legacy affecting African Americans to this day. Black Panthers paved the path for the modern anti-racism movement, Black Lives Matter. The movements have common goals and similar programs. However, BLM has a broader outreach and has been able to gain public support. Work Cited “ The Ten-Point Program. ” Marxists, 2001. Web.