ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction John Carlos is a famous athlete who represented the United States during the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico. Although he won a bronze medal, he is mostly remembered for raising a Human Rights Salute while listening to the U.S. national anthem on the winners’ podium. The demonstration, in which Carlos participated together with the gold medalist Tommie Smith, raised a controversial response in the media. The present essay will aim to review Carlos’ background, the context of the event, and its consequences in order to explain why the political gesture was worth the risk. Main body Throughout his life, John Carlos experienced the oppression of black people in the United States. As noted by Carlos in an interview, black poverty was one of the key issues that he had witnessed while living in and traveling across the United States (Brown). Indeed, socioeconomic disadvantages disproportionately affect black populations living in America. Black people experience lower-income, decreased educational attainment, and fewer career progression opportunities than white Americans, which leads to income gaps and poverty (Croll 47-48). The human rights movements in the United States called for action on the issue, but it was still prominent in most parts of the country. Upon gaining a place on the Olympics team, Carlos decided to draw the world’s attention to it. The demonstration was carefully planned to address the key human rights issues faced by the black people of America. Horne and Whannel explain that the athletes took their shoes off to represent poverty and covered the USA badge on their uniform to reflect the shame (202). Besides, the athletes put black gloves on their fists in an allusion to the black power movement in the United States, thus indicating the underlying race issue. By planning the demonstration in advance, the athletes could ensure that the message delivered to the audience was clear and that the world’s attention will now be glued to the American progress with the issue. The demonstration sparked worldwide discussion, as it was the most obvious political statement in the history of the Olympic games. As noted by Horne and Whannel, various news media from all across the world reported on the demonstration, thus fulfilling the goals set by the athletes (202). Nevertheless, back at home, the athletes were subject to widespread criticism, which affected their further life and career. With the decision to carry out their plan, Carlos and Smith lost their place on the U.S. team. The demonstration was an obvious risk for both men, but it was also a risk worth taken, as it showed athletes from all across the world that they can and should use their voices to draw attention to human rights issues prominent in their countries. The demonstration resonated with society, and the 2017 NFL protests are widely seen as the direct consequence of it. The salute by Carlos and Smith was not just a political demonstration, but a revolution in the history of the sport. Sports in general and the O
Imbalances and Excesses Water The amount of food taken was recommendable on the first day, but the nutrients were not well distributed among the types of foods chosen. According to the principles of water should be taken regularly at least eight glasses a day. Water helps flush out harmful substances in the body, keep our bodies hydrated, and help us lose weight (Knight 1). Water is also vital because it aids during digestion and forms part of all the body fluids. Not even a glass of water was included among all the diets chosen for the three days. Proteins The foods containing proteins consumed on the first day are well distributed even though they have high calories. The foods containing proteins on the first day included cheeseburgers, eggs, and yogurt. The sources on the second day, milk and chicken breasts, are also sources of proteins, but they also contain calories. The source of proteins on the third day has the highest amount of calories which is dangerous. Proteins are vital in the diet in that they are the construction blocks of a lifetime; each cell in the human body comprises protein. The basic arrangement of protein is a hindrance of amino acids. One needs protein to help their bodies heal cells and produce new ones. Sources of proteins should not contain large amounts of calories as they are harmful to health. Human bodies store up excess fats when we eat more calories than we use up. If this behavior becomes, frequent one may put on more weight. Adding weight may lead to obesity, which is a source of other health conditions that are harmful to the body. Calories in excess are unhealthy, so the daily diet should contain minimal calories or do more physical exercises so they are broken. Principles of nutrition suggest that to uphold a steady weight, the vigor that is put into people’s bodies must be the same as the one utilized during physical roles and bodily activity (Villegas 30). There are also minimal foods eaten over the two days that are sources of proteins like chicken and yogurt. Potassium Potassium is a mineral required by all of the body’s cells. Since it contains a modest electric charge that activates frequent cell and neuron actions, it is also known as an alkali. Potassium is an organic mineral that might be present in several meals and taken as a supplement. Its principal objective in the blood is to contribute to maintaining steady fluid balance in our cells. Sodium keeps fluid heights stable outside of cells. Potassium also helps in muscular contraction and supports regular heart rates. Vitamins A and E Vitamins are minimal in the diet because their primary sources are fruits and vegetables, which are minimally included in the diet. Another low-supplied mineral in the three da diet is minimal. Vitamins are essential because they are preventive foods. They prevent our bodies from disease b increasing the immune system. Fruits should be included in the diet eaten fifteen minutes before the
Introduction When Frederick Douglas finally learned how to read and write, it was as if a whole new world was opened to him but instead of the joy of learning, he discovered a profound sadness upon realizing that he ought to be free and yet he was not. Learning to read and write was Douglas’ ticket out of slavery but this is not the main point of the story, it was the process of learning that opened his eyes to slavery in America and its negative impact to both slave and free. In other words the discussion about the process of learning to read and write was the framework that he used to illustrate what slavery is all about. Main body For many Americans in the early 19 th century, reading and writing are indispensable tools that will help a person become the best that he could be. Learning this skill is a privilege that should have been open to everyone. The unwritten rule that slaves must remain ignorant for the rest of their lives created a hunger in Douglas to know more than merely to read and write. Yet, he would not have known about the true evil of slavery if his former master and mistress did not oppose vehemently to his education. Their insistence that young Frederick Douglas should only exist as a mere resource to be exploited awakened in him the passion to understand why he is a slave and why there are people above him who continue to harass him and his kind. It was as if all of a sudden he was placed in a different vantage point. He saw something that both black and white failed to see. Douglas did not simply describe slavery as evil. He created a backdrop for this ideas so that the people in America will come to fully understand slavery, that it is not an institution established for the good of all but a system created to benefit a few. One of his most effective strategy was to not only to describe the pitiful state of the African-American slaves but he also pointed out that the slave masters deserve the same pity because they too were affected by the evil forces at work within this system. Using metaphors, Douglas described the transformation of a nice lady into someone more terrible than a taskmaster. Douglas wrote about his former mistress with affection but he could not hide the fact that she was no longer the same person and Douglas, talking about the evil operating within slavery, made the following remark, “Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tiger-like fierceness” (p. 1077). Without a doubt this statement was intended to attract the interest of the abolitionist as well as to provoke the white people to reconsider slavery. It was a masterstroke of brilliance on the part of Douglas. If he simply decided to write about the suffering of the slaves in the South he could only expect the empathy of African-Americans. But when he revealed th
Nowadays, education is extremely important because it provides the representatives of the general public to receive the knowledge needed to live an independent life to the fullest. At school, children have an opportunity to learn how to communicate with different people, obtain basic skills and knowledge required for further education or work, and become real members of their communities. However, more and more parents today focus on the benefits of homeschooling. They believe that such an approach provides their children with the possibility to learn better and base their decision on pedagogical and/or family-related reasons (Guterman & Neuman, 2017). However, even though homeschooling provides freedom, flexibility, and control over the activities aligned with the learning process, it prevents a child from socialization, requires many resources, and excessively increases togetherness. Homeschooling is rather advantageous because it provides the representatives of the general public with an opportunity to experience freedom. This point includes both the freedom to decide what to do and when and the freedom from adverse situations. For instance, parents have the possibility to change the planned organization of lessons if they are under the pressure of particular circumstances or believe that a child needs to focus on something more. In addition to that, receiving education at home, children have the possibility to avoid bullies and problems with peers, which influence their mental state negatively. It is also possible to consider religious freedom. In this way, parents are free to decide whether religion should be included in the curriculum or not. A flexible schedule and an opportunity to change the pace of learning is another advantage of homeschooling. Parents can decide what information to discuss and how to do it. In this way, they can provide their children with “wonderful educational experiences” and ensure “a very stimulating learning environment” (Fedele, 2010, para. 62). Thus, kids are likely to have positive views on education. Homeschooling provides a lot of control to parents. They are able to make decisions regarding children’s curriculum, diet, and extra-curriculum activities. As a result, parents can devote more hours to studying and ensure that their children eat healthy food (Guterman & Neuman, 2017
Introduction The current practice of organization, governance and compensation in law firms does not match that of other business firms. Managers apply managerial approach rather than coordinated team management. Lawyers want to preserve their autonomy, and they are professional skeptics. During their training, lawyers learn to be pessimistic. They also aim at spotting flaws. When it comes to employee compensation, lawyers do not trust the compensation committees. They insist on having a system that does not trust other people. Lack of trust leads to several negative consequences and these can be observed in several law firms. For example, teamwork initiatives rarely are implemented. A joint plan can be developed, but commitment to group decisions proves difficult. Discussion In the social Learning Theory, people in a workplace learn from their colleagues. Lawyers are different in that they believe that they possess all the knowledge, which they obtained from the school (Bandura, 2002). They, therefore, do not collaborate with each other. Lack of collaboration in a firm makes a firm not to succeed because they rarely make sacrifices. Instead, they aim at competing for their own good other than for the good of the organization. Many lawyers are reluctant to take up the role of a manager. Fear exists that the other lawyers may not treat them the way they deserve. Lawyers do not tolerate group leadership; hence limiting executive authority in law firms, decision-making is slow. In some instances, lawyers do not arrive at a conclusion in decision-making. Law firms form committees and everyone participates in decision-making. This is a form of democracy, but it slows down decision-making process. Cultural theories affect lawyers. These include theories that concentrate on cultural values, beliefs, attitudes, and experiences shared within an organization (Thompson, Ellis & Wildavsky, 1990). Lawyers believe that they should not trust each other, and this has led to law firms having short-term orientations. Partners, therefore, fail to invest in the firm because they feel that eventually, they will not credit for that. Surprisingly, most partners are people who have qualified academically. They have never had the joy of experiencing team success. Their focus is self-serving, selfish, and narcissistic. Therefore, law firm’s resources are squandered hence poorly used. Most law firms make little profits because clients do not get the best lawyers. Lawyers’ selfishness makes them have an approach that is shortsighted when it comes to decision making. Time and money investments rarely take place. Such investments would have led to immediate results that could lead to profitability. Lawyers are also skeptical about values, ideology, and principles. In a business, confidence comes when an individual can be depended upon because he can take action according to positive pragmatic principles. Such principles could include facts such as observing clients’ interests first. If lawyers served their clients in the best way possible, their personal interests would follow soon or later. Believing in these principles, however, does not a
Introduction Kant and Mill offered their take on what constitutes a progressive or civilized society in which people pursue the best kind of life. These authors’ arguments were related but differed fundamentally in terms of the overall focus. The paper shall look at those issues from a deeper perspective. The authors’ opinions on what the best kind of life is Immanuel Kant believes that the best kind of life is one in which people are in constant pursuance of further enlightenment. He believes that there is no single time where society will have come upon the ultimate truth to which it binds itself to for all time. He further adds that enlightenment is depicted by progress among civilized generations and tying people to a certain symbol would be the exact opposite of this. In other words, he claims that allowing people to expand their knowledge would be the depiction of the best life because this is how enlightened societies are made of. In other words, one cannot claim that he or she belongs to a certain institution without necessarily respecting the truth. Kant also adds that the best life occurs when another’s rights to pursue enlightenment is not hindered. This means that it is impossible to confine enlightenment within a given time or for a certain individual. Attempting to make such a state of affairs permanent either for one person or society would be moving away from the best kind of life. As a result, it can be said that Immanuel Kant’s perception of the best kind of life is seen as one in which figures in authority do not impose their own will but one in which they protect members of society from impinging upon each other’s right to expand their knowledge or their reasoning capabilities. Similarly, John Stuart Mill concurs with Kant’s assertions on the best kind of life because he claims that the best kind of life is one in which freedom of opinion is fully expressed; this argument mirror’s Kant arguments on the pursuance of enlightenment. However, Mill believes that the pursuance of truth is what reflects true enlightenment or the best kind of life. In other words, while Immanuel Kant was dwelling on the issue of knowledge expansion as the depiction of a good life, Mill was dwelling on freedom of expression as a process of finding out the truth. This was the reason why Mill asserts that no individual should be prevented from speaking or expressing himself /herself since by doing so, society could be placing an envelope over the truth. It can therefore be said that these author agrees to a certain extent and disagrees on what the best kind of life should be. Another way in which Mill’s assertions resemble Kant’s on the best kind of life is with regard to the role of authority and restraint. According to Mill, people would live the best life if authority understood that it had no right to try and restrain other members of society from engaging in public discussions. Also, authority need not label one side of the debate as being wrong by default or by virtue of the side they belong to. A
Introduction Spain’s education and media systems have undergone various policy changes since the country joined the European Union (EU) in 1986. Most of these policy changes have come from internal initiatives. However, significant changes have been initiated through the EU. Spain itself has been instrumental in the development of EU educational policies that have been adopted by member countries. In similar regard, the country’s contribution in European public-media relations has been significance. The result of both contributions is slowly being felt in the European culture, considering that education and the media have greater influence in ways that people interact and how society’s future gets shaped. Concurrent section of this paper shall highlight on influences that both parties (EU and Spain) had on each others’ education, media and culture. The paper is equally divided into two sections, the first one dealing with Spain’s influence and the second one dealing with EU influence. Spanish Influence Spain has indeed been instrumental in the development of EU educational and media policies. According to Bialecki (2001, p. 330) Spain’s major contribution to the EU’s policy making processes has been through initiation of mediation programs between stakeholders. The country has been successful in brining stakeholders together in the process of developing policies. Under Spain’s presidency in 2002, EU successfully embarked on developing educational standards that member countries had to apply in their respective jurisdictions. The period was also marked by the introduction of media guidelines for industry players in the industry. Spain’s presidency emphasised on documents detailing on media and education agreements be forwarded to Eastern European countries intending to become members. The provision of these policies before those countries became members was meant to prepare for internal changes that would lead to meeting EU standards. Spain has also played a vital role of i
Introduction The invention of the telegraph put in place a subtle way of ensuring that news travelled and spread to far places. On a different dimension, the same invention laid consolidated foundations under which the western media conglomerates would be anchored among them the tribune, New York herald while not negating the sun. Since the early days of the telegraphic technology, media has been part of people’s life with far reaching impacts on them globally until today. This implies that it is perhaps almost impossible for people to live without media influences. Since it is also practically impossible for the western media to remain only in the west, western media conglomerates have global impacts both economically and politically. This influence is perhaps evident in the setting of general formats of operational platforms of the booming media categories such as the radio, television and the internet amongst others. Additionally, perhaps a thorough scrutiny of the majority of each of these media, some attachment of their originality to the western media conglomerates is evident. The capacity of the media to give constructions and creation of meaning from what constitutes peoples’ surroundings as one of its principal roles within the societal constructions fascinates many people. According to Hackett and Zhao, “This is largely because of the centrality of the symbolic to media form” (2005, p.23). However, this role of the media raises questions to almost every critic pertaining to how the surroundings imaging’s as created by the media impacts the society in terms of modifying their perceived interpretations of their surroundings to suit the media’s approach. Since global media is impacted to profile the western media conglomerates, the paper argues that these western media conglomerates have critical impacts in terms of modifying people and creating meanings as theorized by political economies and cultural studies approaches to the global media. Consequently, it is the interest of the paper to consider the characterization of the western media with the major intent of bringing out the impacts of the western media conglomerates in global platforms. Overview of Political and economic implications Like many other companies, solely established media companies comes together to constitute a substantial company capable of leaping from the advantages of economies of scale. Conglomeration infers to “process of corporations purchasing other companies and thus becoming much larger and usually
Introduction The Human Resources departments have to collect, process and store the data on every employee working in a firm. That must be done for a number of reasons, starting with the need to manage workers and communicate with them and ending with various legislations that force companies to do so. This paper examines the reasons to collect such kind of information, different types of it, several methods of storage, and, finally, sheds light on some legislations that should be considered by HR managers who are responsible for data organisation. Four Reasons why the Organisation Needs to Collect HR Data The HR department needs to collect, manage and store data on the employees working in the organisation for many reasons. First of all, there are legal requirements to do that (Al-Jibreen, 2014, par. 1). Every company must be able to prove that it hires people in accordance with legal standards and on equal terms, as well as fires them for valid reasons. Employers also have to keep some of their workers’ documents or copies of those, like a copy of an employee’s passport. Secondly, HR data is necessary for administration. Managers need to have some sort of a system to store the information about their employees. That is needed for the process of management, running payroll, and professional communication. Thirdly, such kind of information assists HR managers in the evaluation of employees’ needs and addressing those adequately, with the help of different training courses, for example (Al-Jibreen, 2014, par. 1). Finally, the further recruitment planning would be impossible without all necessary records about current employees. Four Types of Data That is Collected within the Organisation and How Each Supports HR Practices The first type of data that is stored in HR departments is hiring or recruitment data (Al-Jibreen, 2014, par. 2). It helps HR managers to keep track of people who work in a firm, create workforce plans and manage the budget. However, hiring data itself is not enough because it does not provide information about employees that resign or get fired. That is why every company also has turnover records, which is the second type of data collected and stored by HR departments. To control and manage employees working in a firm, as well as communicate with them, HR managers need Personnel Administration (PA) data ( Types of HR Data , 2010). Finally, Training Needs Analysis (TNA) together with t