ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Human resource management refers to the manner in which an organization handles issues affecting its workforce. It involves the process of conducting selection, recruitment, training, rewarding, appraisal and separation. Currently, these processes utilize both technological and manual techniques. This is necessary because the employees are rational and have the ability to choose. As such, they have the ability to dictate what they want in an organization. On that basis, it is difficult to enforce technology to a high degree since it is prone to diverse weaknesses. Some of the weakness could include inability to handle specific human tasks, technological failure or unpredictability of human behavior. It is essential to realize that multiple changes are being addressed to make technology suitable for the dynamic field regardless of the presence of weaknesses (Fleetwood & Hesketh, 2010). Currently, most organizations utilize technology to conduct selection and recruitment processes. This nature of technology is subjected to significant uncertainties. Most organizations incorporate the manual process of candidates meeting the human resource management personnel to prevent the weaknesses. Through this process, they can ascertain that the chosen employees are suitable for their organization. However, this process is still subject to human errors that arise from biasness and mental weakness of predicting the future. The process of conducting training and development in the
Various issues concerning Socrates’ life have been debated constantly over the years. However, the fact that Socrates was an ancient philosopher who resided in Athens is not in doubt. Socrates was a common fixture in the streets of Athens between 470 and 399 BC. The mysteries surrounding Socrates’ life are often compounded by the fact that he never wrote any biographical works of literature. Most of the philosopher’s teachings have been introduced to the modern readers through proxies such as Plato, Aristophanes, and Xenophon. The people who have written about Socrates are mostly his close acquaintances as well as his former disciples. When Socrates was executed in Athens, several literary works that focused on ‘Socrates the man’ and ‘Socrates the Philosopher’ surfaced. The compounded interest in Socrates’ life prompted two authors to try to explain their understanding of this man. Plato, a renowned philosopher and a former student of Socrates’ philosophy wrote several works on the life and teachings of the philosopher. Furthermore, Aristophanes a renowned playwright and comedian wrote several accounts of how he perceived Socrates. The depictions of the two authors do not coincide or give a clear picture of the man that Socrates was. Plato’s depiction contains several philosophical undertones and depicts Socrates as a man of deep thought and enviable temperament. On the other hand, Aristophanes paints the picture of a laughable Socrates who thinks highly of himself and disregards the ordinary life. The most vivid characterization of Socrates by Plato is contained in “The Apology”, a philosophical account that was written shortly after the execution of Socrates. Aristophanes’ comical characterization of Socrates can be found in “The Clouds” a play that depicted the philosopher as a man who resides in the clouds where his students look up to him from below. The different characterizations given to Socrates by Plato the philosopher and Aristophanes the comedian can be combined to create a complex and a multisided portrait of Socrates. This paper will explore the characterizations of Socrates by Aristophanes and Plato in respect to their existing literary works. While comparing the characterization of Socrates by the two authors, it is important to note that they both personally associated with the philosopher at different times of his life. For instance, there was an age difference of about twenty years between Plato and Aristophanes. Consequently, Aristophanes’ characterizations of Socrates began when the philosopher was about forty-years-old. On the other hand, Plato was in his twenties when Socrates was executed. The philosophical stance that is assumed by Plato in his depiction of Socrates is informed by the fact that as a young man, he looked up to the philosopher as an old man and a teac
Creating a Concept Map The comfort theory first introduced by Katharine Kolcaba in the 1990s is one of the widely recognized middle-range theories in nursing (McEwin & Wills, 2019). It includes several concepts, including the four basic nursing conceptual components: health, person, environment, and health. The framework also introduces concepts unique to the theory – comfort, health care needs, intervening variables, health-seeking behaviors (HSBs), and more (Gray et al., 2017). The connection between these ideas can be shown with the help of concept mapping that places concepts in relation to one another (Veo, 2010). The following concept map outlines the main concepts of the comfort theory and its relational statements. Concept Map Problem and Purpose Statement As can be seen from the concept map, comfort is the central concept of the theory – it is influenced by several variables while also influencing health-seeking behaviors (HSBs) and healthcare organization policies. The relationship between nurses’ comforting interventions and the patients’ comfort is the foundation of the theory. The problem is that patients’ health is influenced by their level of comfort, and nurses need to make decisions to facilitate enhanced comfort. Thus, nursing is defined by assessing patient needs and actions to influence and evaluate patient comfort (Faria et al., 2018). The purpose of the comfort theory is to establish the link between nursing interventions and patients’ comfort. Relational Statements’ Description The first group of relational statements is the influence of various factors on the creation and improvement of comfort. First, the health care needs are defined either by the patient or the family influence the level of comfort (McEwin & Wills, 2019). Second, the nurses’ interventions are the actions that nurses take to make sure that the patient is comfortable (McEwin & Wills, 2019). As noted above, they include assessment of the patient’s needs, the selection of an appropriate intervention, and the evaluation of the patient’s comfort level (Berntzen et al., 2020). Finally, the patient’s comfort is also influenced by intervening variables – a set of factors that cannot be controlled or are unlikely to change. Intervening variables may include the patient’s prognosis, their social-economic status, family support, and others. HSB and comfort are two interlinked concepts tha
Summary It occurs when there is a reduction in blood flow to a portion of the brain. The brain cells cannot acquire the oxygen and nutrients they require from the blood, and they begin to die within a few minutes if the blood supply is cut off. This can result in long-term brain damage, long-term disability, or even death in certain cases. A stroke is a condition that affects the arteries that connect the brain to the rest of the body. It is the fifth largest cause of mortality in the United States and a primary cause of disability. A stroke can be caused by a clot impeding blood flow to the brain (called an ischemic stroke) or by a blood vessel rupturing and impeding blood flow to the brain (called a hemorrhagic stroke) (called a hemorrhagic stroke). A transient ischemic attack (TIA), sometimes referred to as a “mini stroke,” is caused by a transitory blood clot. History of Stroke More than 2,400 years ago, Hippocrates, the “father of medicine,” identified stroke for the first time. He coined the term apoplexy, which is derived from the Greek word meaning “struck down by violence.” While the term alluded to the abrupt changes that might occur after a stroke, it did not always explain what is actually occurring in the brain. Centuries later, in the 1600s, a physician called Jacob Wepfer determined that something was interfering with the blood circulation to the brains of those who died of apoplexy. In some of these cases, significant bleeding into the brain occurred. Others had their arteries stopped. In the decades afterward, medical research has made significant improvements in our understanding of the origins, symptoms, and treatment of apoplexy
One of the most famous people not only in his lares and penates, but also all over the world, Benjamin Franklin not only gained much weight in politics, but also presented the world with his autobiography, setting a trend for the future presidents of practically every country. One must give credit to where it belongs – there are a number of important messages in Franklin’s book, as well as words of wisdom and moral rules to follow. However, there is one aspect that makes the entire idea of setting a perfect moral example a bit ambiguous, which is a little too hard emphasis on Franklin’s morals. Whether Benjamin Franklin’s attempt at self-improvement works out fine or turns into another tedious moralizing and self-appraising song is the issue of the given paper. It is quite peculiar that Franklin did not resort to telling about every single step he took and every single thing that happened to him; rather, he described the most important events – or, at least, the ones that he considered crucial for his life and career – and names the key people who influenced him or were somehow related to his life. In addition, the idea of disclosing his correspondence with various people was quite an interesting move that made the readers plunge into the story. Speaking of the facts that support the idea of Benjamin Franklin using his autobiography writer image to pose himself as a person worth genuine admiration, one must admit that there are a number of facts in favor of this theory. To start with, the references to the childhood years made in the very first paragraphs of the book are rather graphic. Indeed, Franklin speaks of his childhood as the first stage of recognizing the basics of virtue and goodness. Even when telling about the people surrounding him, Franklin ties them to his personality: “The notes one of my uncles (who had the same kind of curiosity in collecting family anecdotes) once put into my hands, furnished me with several particulars relating to our ancestors” (Franklin, 1909, 5). However, it is also worth mentioning that Franklin does not abuse his right to speak about himself in autobiography – he also addresses the readers, sending them messages of what basic human virtues are, and what features a man of power must possess to become a wise and just governor of the country. Moreover, Franklin addresses the people in a rather patronizing yet delicate manner, which makes the autobiography even a bit touching: My old competitor’s newspaper declin’d proportionably, and I was satisfy’d without retaliating his refusal, while postmaster, to permit my papers being carried by the riders. Thus he suffer’d greatly from his neglect in due accou
The Race for Paradise: An Islamic History of the Crusades is a book written by Paul Cobb. Being a Professor of Islamic History, he deepened into this topic for a long time and received an opportunity to provide his readers with the most significant historical information. In addition to that, the author had written two other books in this sphere that were highly appreciated by professionals, which proves that The Race for Paradise is an authoritative and reliable source of information. In his work, Cobb revealed an Islamic view on those events that are usually described from the European side. The professional did not stop on those simple explanations of the Crusades’ history during the Middle Ages and disclosed more complex ideas. He discusses the Crusades in the framework of European expansion that reached Islamic countries. The book consists of seven chapters, prolog, and afterword. In addition to that, it includes additional sections, such as acknowledgments, maps and illustrations, a note about names, principal historical figures and dynasties, abbreviations, notes, bibliographic sketch, and index. It focuses on the Islamic leaders and politics of crusading territories from the 11th to the 15th fifteenth centuries. Thus, while western professionals discuss “the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and North Africa and the Middle East” as separate areas of conflict, Cobb claims that they gathered for “global Frankish assault on Islam” (156). He states that Frankish people (western European Christians) interfered with religion and politics. Regardless of their modern views, they took slaves and cooperated with some Muslim leaders against those who supported other Franks so that Islam and Christianity competed (278). Even though the history of the Crusades cannot explain current struggles, it allows the readers to find out how Christians and Muslims were connected in the past. Cobb based his writing on qualitative research, literature review, in particular. Then he analyzed obtained information and interpreted it from his point of view. He refers to the multidisciplinary approach to discuss a wide variety of features that can be observed in the opposition between Christianity and Islamic religion. Cobb provides information in a logical order and includes many details and clarifications to enhance readers’ understanding. Even though his book can be too complicated for school children, its main ideas are likely to be understood by everyone. Being an Islamic scholar, the author received an opportunity to reach a lot of sources that are generally difficult to find. He based his book on authentic Islamic sources that are considered to be reliable by other professionals as well, such as those written in the eleventh century. What is more, he worked with sources written in Arabic, which provided Cobb with the opportunity to use those books and articles that were not translated in English. It also means that a lot of his sources are new and were not util
Introduction One of the best yet easiest origami projects is a paper airplane. It is a fun craft that many people associate with their childhood. Indeed, it is extremely interesting and delightful to gather with friends, make paper airplanes, and then arrange a competition, whose plane will fly higher or farther. Probably the best thing about these airplanes is that they can be of different shapes, colors, and even types. There is unlikely a child who is not intrigued by names such as Pet Dragon, Spy Plane, Nakamura Lock, Head Hunter, and Flying Ninja (“How to Make Paper Airplanes”). Nevertheless, the mentioned types of the paper airplane are challenging to make. Therefore, it is recommended to start with the easiest type – Dart airplanes. Here is the detailed instruction on how to create one. Preparing the Piece of Paper To begin with, take a piece of rectangle paper of any color. Usually, it is better to choose the paper that is 8.5 x 11.0 inches (“Dart Paper Airplane”). Additionally, the paper should not be too thin or thick – it is important to take something in between. Otherwise, the airplane will either not fold and fly or break easily. Then, put it on a flat surface so that it is easier to make the airplane’s sides smooth, even, and symmetrical to one another. The next step is to fold the paper in half lengthwise to the right. Now it looks like a long rectangle, and there is a crease in the center. Finally, unfold the paper again. Folding the Corners This step requires full attention because it is easy to fold the wrong corners. First of all, make sure that the crease points up. Then, fold both top corners to the center (“Dart Paper Airplane”). Each corner should look even and form a right angle. In order for the folds to stay in place, crease them with a fingernail or a ruler. Next, fold the newly formed right and left corners to the center crease. Again, run a ruler across the folds to secure them. After these steps, the piece of paper should look like a big triangle. Final Steps Only several steps are left, and the paper airplane is ready! After folding the corners, lay the paper in such a way that the crease and corners look up again. Next, fold the paper again using the first crease as a guideline. It is important that the triangles remain inside (“Dart Paper Airplane”). To secure the fold in its place, run the ruler across the crease. Now, the bottom of the origami airplane is ready. The final steps are to form the wings by folding the right e
Collaboration in Education Early education plays a critical role in the lives of children as it lays a foundation for their future reasoning and problem-solving capabilities. Many approaches to childhood education have been proposed, but integrating the collaborative nature can be considered as one of the most effective methods. This suggestion can be elaborated through the theories of the bioecological model and constructivism. This paper provides an overview of these two theories and discusses the benefits of collaboration in childhood education. A child’s development takes place in numerous contexts – family, schools, media, and others (Follari, 2015). Because of age and limited experience, minors often struggle to organize this knowledge that often comes in a chaotic fashion. The reason is that these contexts are often isolated from each other (Follari, 2015). To overcome this barrier, parents and teachers should cooperate in approaching the child’s development holistically. Therefore, childhood professionals need to strive for collaboration with parents in order to improve the consistency of the provided knowledge. The collaboration of teachers with children and learners with learners is encouraged when childhood development is viewed through the prism of constructivism. The theory believes that children learn best when they actively engage in exploration with materials, reasoning, and communication with teachers and other learners (Follari, 2015). Therefore, a collaborative environment provides children with a foundation for efficient learning. Because of the positive results and fruitful inte
Background information Advertising entails the use of marketing campaign awareness so as to promote the brand and product; it passes some information, reminds and persuades the target market. Some may use music in communicating the message of image/brand acceptance by the target market. The use of music in promotion will help convey the specific message including the mission statement to the intended target market which will be achieved through the use of integrated marking communication. The companies’ targets to advertise in print media, print media and other forms. The advertising should be:   * Controlled: this concept distinguishes advertising from personal selling and publicity. As to the content time and course of the latter two methods of marketing communication, the advertiser has no absolute authority, but these aspects can be controlled in the case of advertising.   * Non – personal outward communication: these concepts imply that advertising takes –place by way of non –personal mass communication media in the form of one- way communication from the advertiser to the target audience.   * Identifiable sponsor: this concept is used to show that the receiver of the message can recognize its source and purpose as derived from the product, brand or name of the institution.   * Specific target audience or target market: this concept makes provision for market segmentation and the selection of a target market which may be based on the geographical and / or psychological characteristics of the market.   * Information: this concept explains the particular tasks of advertising, namely to inform potential consumers of the product, service or idea, its price, the place where it can be purchased and the needs which it can satisfy.   * Reminding: this concept indicates that advertising continually reminds present consumers of the existence of the product or service even though they are aware of its existence or may already be purchasing it.   * Persuasion: this concept is used to show that the purpose of advertising is, inter alia, to create a preference for the sponsors product or service and to encourage the target audience to take the appropriate action, that is, to purchase the advertised product or service. Advertising has a significant effect on a country’s economy, culture, society, and political system. Critics argue that advertising has an enormous influence on society. This is particularly correct in the United States where advertising industry takes part in such an important role. Advertising can have extensive consequences on a society. Some critics propose that advertising encourages a materialistic manner of life by directing people to think that pleasure is attained by purchasing products. It is argued that advertising produces a consumer culture where buying rousing new products turns to be the basis of the society’s pleasures, values, and goals.
It is doubtful that caffeine is among the most popular stimulant drugs in the world. Uddin et al. (2017) state that “caffeine is a CNS and metabolic stimulant and is utilized both recreationally and medically to diminish physical exhaustion and reestablish mental alertness.” (p. 1). Nowadays, the rates of caffeine consumption rise at the fastest recorded levels (Jain et al., 2017). Coffee, amongst other products, contains one of the highest doses of caffeine per ml (Uddin et al., 2017). The thesis of this paper is that scientists need to reclassify caffeine as a potentially addictive stimulant drug. I believe that it is vital to reclassify this drug due to the recent discoveries from multiple sources. As the popularity of this drug is on the rise While it does bring several positives to a human organism when consumed in small or medium doses, it also bears a moderate potential to cause addictive behavior in some people (Jain et al., 2017). Since the caffeine is not anyhow regulated and legal for consumption at any age, it is possible to misjudge the dosage and take an inappropriate amount, causing prominent side effects (Uddin et al., 2017). These effects include insomnia, high blood pressure, and illnesses related to the central nervous system (Uddin et al., 2017). Prolonged abuse of caffeine can cause severe mental disorders, such as anxiety and manic disorders (Uddin et al., 2017). In conclusion, the recent discoveries on the addictive qualities of caffeine call for its reclassification. In addition to the potential to cause addictive behavior, caffeine can have an adverse effect on the central nervous system, cause mental disorders, and is not recommended to use for people with coronary diseases. Therefore, it is vital to provide consumers with a thorough description of adverse effects and put a limit on selling products that contain high doses of caffeine.