ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The increase in popularity of crime investigation series such as Without a Trace, Bones, and Crime Scene Investigation has created a perception now referred to as the ‘CSI effect’. This is the response of the public who have been exposed to forensic science evidence from a fictional point of view. As a result, most people expect to see a manifestation of what they watch on television in court. What the public fails to realize is that there is a huge gap between the real and fictionalized forensic evidence. It is important to note that the technology and procedures behind scientific proof had taken many years of research before actually being tried and adopted. These processes are too complex to be learned and mastered after watching only one episode of crime shows. One of the institutions that have been tremendously affected by the ‘CSI effect’ is the jury. The jury is one of the most respected institutions in America. The American society considers the jury a symbol of justice and impartiality. However, the jury has been blamed for predisposition. The juror holds preconceived views and expectations even before a trial begins. These ideas affect legal proceedings and ruling. According to Cole and Villa, the jury is confused about the real potential of forensic proof (1337). Amongst other types of evidence, the panel of judges looks forward to see DNA samples, expert testimony and fingerprints. The fact that this evidence can be contaminated is taken lightly. Currently, trials without a high standard of proof are acquitted while the same trials would have led to convictions a few years ago. Based on these facts, it is clear that the credibility and competence of the jury is threatened by the ‘CSI effect’. This realization poses a risk to the judicial system and questions the jury selection process. If crime related shows negatively determine the decision of the jury, then the jury’s selection system must be altered. This paper addresses the correlation between crime related shows and the judicial system to determine how popular customs and jury selection can create a possible skewed jury. It further addresses the need to change the jury selection structure. Common misconceptions in crime related shows One of the greatest challenges about crime related shows is the fact they generate and promote a lot of scientific
Situation Analysis Athletic footwear industry is very much concentrated (Eric 2006). The industry consists of a large number of smaller and segmented players. One of the key characteristics which define the industry is the purpose and price of the shoes. However, there is a given degree of overlap amongst the various shoe categories especially with regard to casual wear and performance shoes. For example, a considerable proportion of individuals wear athletic shoes in non-athletic settings. This is an indication that there is a potential for an increment in the size of the market for athletic shoes. Currently, large firms dominate the athletic shoe industry account for 95% of the entire market while small firms account for only 5%. Some of the key competitor s in the industry includes Adidas, Nike, Reebok, Puma, Skechers, Van, K-Swiss, Asics, Saucony and New Balance (Eric 2006). Nike Incorporation is the leading firm within the athletic footwear industry. The firm deals with designing and marketing various a variety of athletic footwear. Nike Air Max is one of the leading athletic footwear produced by the company. The product is effectively designed to appeal the consumer. Nike Air Max has an air cushioning and an innovative foam cushioning. This makes it to be effective with regard to impact absorbing. A thin plate is sandwiched between the cushioning systems to ensure effective support of the feet (Loscher 2006). The price of a pair of Nike Air Max shoes varies from $ 99 to $149 for men while ladies shoes range from $99 to $ 119 (Loscher 2006). A significant proportion of consumers consider Nike Air Max to be of high quality and stylish. In 2004, Nike had a market share of 42% as illustrated in the pie chart below. The lucrative nature of the industry in relation to profitability has led to a large number of investors venturing the industry. The resultant effect has been an increment in the degree of rivalry. The high degree of rivalry has had a negative effect on the firm as it is evident in the reduction in its market share. In order to attain a high competitive advantage, firms in the athletic footwear industry are adopting various market positioning strategies. One of these strategies relate to formation of mergers and acquisition. For example, in 2003, Nike Incorporation acquired Converse Company. This was followed by the Reebok and Adidas merge in 2005 (Fried, Shapiro & Deschriver 2007). Currently, Nike Incorporation has a market share of 33% of the entire global footwear industry (Cuizon 2009). Company      Market share (%) Nike         42               Adidas       27               Puma         6                Reebok       12               New Balance  5                Asics        1                K-Swiss      2                Saucony      1                Vans         1
‘Open Boat’ (Crane) and ‘To Build a Fire’ (London) revolve around the common theme of naturalism, which implies philosophical action. Both stories depict the inferiority of humans to nature. Both Crane and London try to assert that man does not have free will and is entirely under the control of nature. The men in both stories have a similar fate since both are found trapped in natural forces way beyond their control. Similar to the theme of natural forces, in ‘The Open Boat,’ Crane describes the plight of four men who have been shipwrecked and are isolated on the ocean in a tiny dinghy. The fate of these men has been decided by the roaring seas, as a force of nature they can’t circumvent. The central theme in ‘The Open Boat’ is the struggle for survival against extreme natural forces. London’s ‘To Build a Fire’ shows the helplessness of a man facing adversely cold conditions. It is absolutely impossible for him to change his fate, and he is left with no option but to try and endure the harsh realities of nature. Building a fire is the man’s main goal, for it provides him with the hope of life and survival. However, after building a fire, the man and his dog bask in its momentary pleasure when they find that “for a moment the cold of space was outwitted,” not realizing that the flames would soon wear out and give way to the frigidly cold conditions. Soon the fire dies down, bringing him closer to death. His hopes for life are revised with the lighting of the second fire, which promises him ‘life with every dancing flame”. Once again, this is short-lived as the fire ends with the falling of snow from a tree, ending not only his hope for life but his life. Bibliography Crane Stephen. The Open Boat . 1894. Web. London Jack. To Build a Fire . 1902. Web.
There has been an argument that United States has the weakest family in the developed world and this is based on various aspects. As far as this paper is concerned, we will look at the aspect of divorce in American families. Various stakeholders have reported that America has a divorce rate of more than 50% but this has not been fully authenticated for proper accuracy (Coontz, 2010, p. 23). At this rate, more marriages are likely to end in divorce as time goes by and this is not good news at all. It should be known that the divorce rate is more prevalent in third marriages than in first marriages. As a matter of fact, those couples that have children have recorded low rates and levels of divorce than those ones without children. Currently, there are all indications that divorce rates are declining but this is more so on people who are just living together instead of marrying. Most couples who had been married before and divorced never marry again and this is startling. In this case, they have never been ready to give it a chance and trial. The marriage rate has been declining as time goes by and people are opting to be single parents. Because single parenthood is on the rise in the United States, it gives us a good insight on why the country is having a lot of divorce rates (Coontz, 2010, p. 35). It should be known that more divorce cases are prevalent in married women than in married men. This means that they are the ones who call the shot when things are not going on well. An increase in divorce in American families is not good news for children who end up being raised by single mothers. This therefore denies them an opportunity to be raised by both parents as expected of a good family. Apart from touching on divorce, other family unions are not progressing well and this is a matter of concern. This means that such unions are not stable and it explains a given trend that is taking shape in the American family. Children are supposed to grow up with their biological parents and this can not be achieved with such divorce rates. To reinforce the point on why United States has the weakest family in the developed world, we can still base our point on an increase in solo parenting. The African American home has suffered a lot of divorce cases and this is something that needs to be looked at (Ruoff, 2002, p. 28). Because divorce rates are prevalent in families with children, this seeks to explain to us something. In this case, couples have seen children as a burden or they have had problems with raising a family with children thereby opting to divorce. Couples have always given various reasons as per to why they opt to divorce and this needs to be looked at. In this case, males and females give different reasons for divorce based on their own understanding. There are various factors that have transformed the institution of the American family over the past few years. This revolves around various economic and cultural features. There has been an argument t that most couples do not give comprehensive reasons for divorce but this has always varied. In this case, it should be kn
Screenplay Storyline The “Titanic” movie starts with a scene under the ocean where pictures are dark blue, and then a light appears in the background. There are few submarines movements in the darkness and then light shines on a “ghost ship emerging from the darkness” (Cameron 2). Some fans of this movie say that, the first scene is remarkable because the shots were taken from actual recording of the real Titanic (Barton 119). The head of the excursion is Brock Lovett and is just exploring to find valuables, which might have been carried to the ship. However, the team finds a safe with drawings and other decomposed papers. Interestingly, one of the drawings is of a naked woman wearing diamond. This drawing is suitably named “The Heart of the Ocean” (Cameron 70). As this picture is shown on camera, Rose Calvert calls Lovett claiming that she is the woman in the drawing. She is flown in immediately. She begins to narrate the story of a seventeen-year old girl, Rose DeWitt Butaker, forced into marrying a man she does not love, Cal Hockley. Cal is rich, eccentric, and materialistic. Rose is naïve and troubled (Barton 121) while Cal is old and seemingly experienced These characters set up a distinctive, but anticipated storyline. The story starts at a farewell of the RMS Titanic. The ship is nicknamed “Unsinkable” (Cameron 25). The first class passengers board with their bags and even pets while third class passengers are checked for lice and diseases. This scenario is an intriguing contrast of the two groups – the rich and the
Unlike other countries, the political system of the United States historically developed with power distribution shifted towards the states having some form of autonomy. For instance, the Articles of Confederation were developed and ratified after the US gained independence from Great Britain, which initially included 13 states (United States Department of State, 2020). It outlined how the national government should operate in accordance with its predetermined roles as a consolidator of national interests. In other words, the document ensured national unity among the states with minimal influence, making the central government weak and granting the states a higher degree of autonomy (United States Department of State, 2020). However, the Articles of Confederation were later replaced by the United States Constitution on March 4, 1789 (The Library of Congress, 2017). Therefore, the initial desire for autonomy among states still persisted even after the adoption of the Constitution, which impacts the current events. For example, the most recent example is a ban of COVID-19 vaccine mandates by Texas Governor Greg Abbott, which demonstrates states still retained some form of governmental autonomy compared to other nations, where it would not be possible to operate against the national government (Allen, 2021). Therefore, the history of the American political system is heavily influenced with state autonomy. In the case of civil rights and civil liberties, the United States political system was also affected by Civil War, slavery, and segregation, which all shaped how the current political system functions. The war was a direct result of states wanting to retain their autonomy, especially in regards to slavery and other economic interests over human rights. Therefore, the American political system’s power distribution is heavily tilted towards states compared to other nations, such as European countries.
Ambassador Patrick Nickolas Theros is an active promoter of ties between Qatar and the United States of America (US State Department Biographies 2). He became the president and the executive director of the U.S. Qatar Business Council, in March 2000. This was after Theros had served as a US Foreign Service Officer for the period between 1963 and 1999. Some of the positions he held during this period include serving as the U.S. ambassador to the state of Qatar (1995 to 1998), political officer and deputy chief of mission in Amman, economic counselor in Damascus, and deputy chief of mission and charge d’affaires in Abu Dhabi (Washington Business Journal 1). Theros has also served in diplomatic positions in Abu Dhabi, Beirut, Dharan, Nicaragua, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Managua in almost 34 years. He served as a deputy coordinator for counterterrorism where he coordinated all counterterrorism activities outside the U.S. prior to serving as a diplomatic officer. During his 34 spanning career, Theros received various superior honor awards that included personal rank as a minister counselor, the Presidents’ Meritorious Service award while serving as the Secretary of defense for career officials and Meritorious Civilian Service respectively. According to the New York Times (3), Theros, who speaks three languages, including Spanish, Arabic and Greek was born in 1941in Ann Arbor. He attended public schools in Michigan, Columbia and Ohio and, in 1963, Theros graduated from Gorgetown University School of Foreign Service (Segell 46). Some of the other tertiary institutions where Thores attained his career education include the Universidad Centroamerican in Managua and the American University in Washington. Today, Theros is serving as a member in various non-profit making organizations including the Washington Institute of Foreign Affairs, the Order of St. Andrew, West Bank-Gaza-Jordan Fund and the Arab American Bankers Association of America among others. He is also a former member of Qatar Foundation International (Theros 2). Theros chose his career in his tender age while attending public schools in Michigan, Columbia and Ohio. His interest for service as a Foreign Service officer is evident from his choice of career education and pursue for three foreign languages including Spanish, Arabic and Greek. He was employed in various Foreign Service positions that lasted for more than 34 years (Ibp, USA 1). Theros had continuously been interested in a career that was devoted to improving the relations between the U.S. and the Arab world. Theros was against terrorism activities, thus, he assumed office as the deputy coordinator of counterterrorism, a position that was responsible for coordinating all the United States counter
The client is a female, 45 years old with a child. She suffered two road accidents with no major physical traumas. The first accident happened years ago and claimed the life of her friend. The client went through a therapy that helped her cope with the trauma and live on. The second car crash was more recent but happened a month ago. That was possibly a trigger event that brought back the memories of the major one. The client claims that issues began 3 weeks ago while the major accident, which causes problems, happened several years ago. That allows to say that this specific PTSD has a delayed expression. As for the PTSD itself, the client meets criterion A because she reported car accident involving death of the other passenger. She meets criterion B because all five intrusion symptoms are reported. Criterion C is met because the client mentioned not feeling good about driving. Criterion D is met because the client said she feels “horrible things about herself” and feels detached from her husband. The client meets criterion E because the client reported exhibiting flashes of anger. The client is working at school, has a normal relationship with sister and adult son. Health and weight problems are absent. The client does not seem to exhibit enough symptoms to definitely match any personality disorder. She reports absence of desire to talk to anybody or being talked to for 3 weeks, which may suggest schizoid personality disorder, but there are no signs of a restricted range of emotions. Same symptom may also match avoidant personality disorder but there is no report on reacting harshly to critique. The Client’s health condition based on self-reported data does not arouse suspicion of any medical condition. Weight and eating problems are absent which speaks further to normal medical condition. Client Strengths:  1. The client is a well-educated woman, which may give her the power to remain adequate in most situations.  2. Despite having lived through two episodes of car crash and lose a friend she managed to keep adequate social connections so far, which speaks to her mental resilience.  3. Being a churchgoer seems to benefit the client making her not abandoning the hope.  4. The client acknowledges the problem and wishes to resolve it to restore mental health.  5. Losing a person dear to her, she seems to begin caring more about lives of other people saying that she does not want to endanger other people’s lives.  6. She does not hold back her emotions and talks to her sister in seeking comfort.  7. The client does not let her mental problems affect her health condition through unhealthy eating  8. She keeps good relationships with her son, despite he is a distance away. This case is a vivid example of PTSD. Problems at work and in the family are not rare in people with such c
Understanding cities and regions is a significantly complicate and confusing task. This process enables individuals and government agencies to effectively plan for resource distribution and management of regions. A city refers to an entity that occupies space or an element in a network of urban centres. On the other hand, a region entails an intermediary entity that occupies a position in the continuum of a country and a city (Frey 2007, p. 112). In this regard, the distinction of the two entities involves the analysis of spatial and temporal comparisons, structural change, design and the implementation of policies. Sometimes, disagreements arise regarding when the categorising of a city as a region and vice versa. Similarly, cities and regions share multiple traits. These include their representation of an open system with respect to trade, factor mobility, and government transfers (Short 1996, p. 424). Nevertheless, a detail analysis of the two economic entities will depict the fundamental difference that supersedes the mere analysis concerning the dimensions of the area or population. From the inception of the concept of urbanisation, several elements of an urban area have been considered in evaluating the components of a city. Classically, cities were considered urban areas that exhibited economical, social, and political influences on people. In this regard, various theories attempt to explain the origin and development of urban areas. The theories that have clearly elicited how urban areas originated in the past include hydraulic, economic, military, and religious theories (Parr 2008, p. 3012). All these theories identify the need of populations’ confederation. The theories have similar primary characteristics concerning size, specialisation of labour, class-structured society and state organisation. Notably, the population, environment, technology, and social organisation influenced the emergence of urban areas. Overtime, the rating of the urban areas with the focus on industrial production underwent considerable transformations. At the same time, industrial capitalism input a crucial element in the industrial cities’ definition. During this transition period, the urban areas were segregated to accommodate the needs of all individuals as per their classes. Quartering such as luxury areas, gentrified city, suburban, tenement, and abandon cities existed. All these quarters catered for the needs of the mighty and the poor in the society. After the industrial period, the urban areas transformed to the postmodern cities. In this regard, the adoption of restructuring in the economic, social, and political segments was necessary. The restructuring of the economic base in the urban areas involved a fundamental change in the organisation and technology
Introduction Discrimination refers to an unjustified treatment being accorded to people with reference to their categories. Discrimination at work can take the basis of race, sex or even political opinions among others. In this article, an assumption is that John is employed in the private sector in which he feels discriminated against. He intends to file a complaint over his employer’s discriminative treatment. This paper seeks to discuss the available mechanisms and the process of complaint and civil litigation that John can use with respect to discrimination at the workplace. Legal process over workplace discrimination Cases of workplace discriminations in the United States are under the United States’ Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). A person who feels that he or she has been discriminated against at a workplace has therefore EEOC to seek assistance from. In cases where discrimination is against a person who is already working in an organization, the organizational conflict resolution system can be an initial step over discrimination if the organization has a credible mechanism to oversee such disputes. One of the benefits