ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Tesco has just signed a deal with Indian firm Tata to go into the country and establish new stores there. It may encounter challenges associated with multicultural global teams. Variations in the perception of conflict, confrontation and rank could also arise. These differences are highlighted in subsequent sections of the report. Unique characteristics of global teams Gluesing and Gibson (2004) identified a number of dimensions that make global teams substantially different from conventional ones. First, geographical locations change from physical ones to multiple ones (Hensey, 2001). It is likely that Tesco’s new branches in India will continue to use suppliers from the UK or other parts of the world. Therefore, immense coordination will be critical in coping with these multiple environments. The strategic partnership is going to create dissimilarities in economic, social and political conditions. Company representatives in the UK could make decisions under the presumption that the political climate is a certain way (Gannon and Newman, 2005). It is possible that reality may prove them wrong. Alternatively, workers can only implement some strategic moves when the level of economic development in their country is compatible with the decision. Infrastructural, telecommunication and material access differ between India and the UK, so this may cause some glitches in strategy (Leung et al., 2005). Communication is a context-based characteristic that could come in the way of seamless execution of Tesco’s plan. English is the UK’s native tongue while persons in India speak a multitude of dialects. Difficulties could arise in communication between personnel as Indian employers may not express themselves fluently. Sometimes words may appear the same but could have divergent meanings, depending on the cultural context (Zhang and Zhou, 2009). In India, the word ‘No’ after a statement means that the person is looking for agreement from the recipient (Gupta, 2008). This differs from the general meaning of the word, which is often a rejection of something. Some learning and contextualisation of words ought to take place. Differences in managerial styles may manifest as Tesco starts business in India. Adler and Gundersen (2008) report that managerial style differences are one of the issues that slow down the implementation of the strategy. Task and relationship patterns may differ between the Indian partners and their British counterparts. Most western cultures, including Britain, tend to perceive hierarchy as tools used to “organise and facilitate problem-solving around those tasks.” (Adler and Gundersen, 2008, p. 47). Conversely, relationship-o
Introduction A comparative approach in politics is a widely used method that allows answering complicated research questions and testing controversial hypotheses. Instead of answering the who/what/when/where questions, comparative politics (CP) aims at discussing the reasons for some events explain the causal effect between facts and ideas. 1 While trying to answer why questions, CP uses arguments supported by empirical evidence. 2 The evidence is compiled using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, which are known to complement each other’s disadvantages. 3 CP uses four different tools depending on the availability of evidence, including most-similar-systems analyses, most-different-systems analyses, comparative checking, and within-case comparison. 4 Even though CP has its flaws, it can be used to answer a wide variety of questions, including why democracy is more successful in some countries but not the others by comparing their characteristics. The United States has a history, which is unique, considering the majority of characteristics. In the country, everyone is aware of the national idea and values that Founding Fathers postulated. 5 While it is difficult to find a country with similar characteristics to which the US can be compared, CP has appropriate methodologies to answer questions concerning its political regime. Therefore, the present paper claims that the comparative approach can be used to explain the success of democracy in the United States and provides sufficient evidence to prove the point. Applying Comparative Politics The application process of the comparative approach to studying democracy in the United States is standard for the CP method. First, one or several research questions are to be identified to guide the research. 6 Second, hypotheses are to be identified for the research to support or reject it. 7 Third, conceptualization is to take place, which is usually done by reviewing relevant literature and modifying the concepts that have been used in previous studies. 8 Fourth, the concepts are to be transformed into dependent and independent variables, which is called operationalizing. 9 Fifth, an appropriate method is to be identified to gather and analyze the data, which implies that the researchers are to decide if they want to use qualitative, quantitative,
The play, written in the early 20 th century when the society was still male-dominated. They were the decision-makers in the family and in the political platform since women were still not allowed to vote and be represented in the political arena. Mrs. Wright is the symbol of the suffering the women went through as her duties were generally limited to the kitchen. She tended to the farm and reared the family chicken with little support from her husband. In solving the murder mystery of Mr. Wright, two women, Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale, establish the true motive of the killing by looking at the clues they found in the house, which showed that Mrs. Wright was going through a tough time in the hands of her husband. Sheriff Peters and Attorney George Henderson assigned to the case, but they are the symbol of male dominance over women. They turn a blind eye to the revelations made by the women. Thesis statement: Mr. Wright’s actions in Trifels are a true revelation of how cultural beliefs and identity influence a person’s behavior and show the wife’s condition in moments of love and hate. Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale when in the kitchen gathering leads, they notice a little box, inside the box is a dead caged bird covered with a piece of cloth. The canary sang to Mrs. Wright, and it was the symbol of the wife’s desire for freedom and joy, which she longed for as she lived with the husband. Mr. Wright strangled the bird with a string. The husband is the provider to the family; the items found in the kitchen by the two women during investigations were a stack revelation of the oppression Mrs. Wright faced in the house. They found stale fruit preserves and bread that had dried out of the box, the kitchen was also messy with no sign of recent cooking. This showed the inhuman treatment that Mrs. Wright went through despite the hard work that she did in the house. According to Glaspell, The attorney and the sheriff went ahead to blame Mrs. Wright for the mess that was in the kitchen. SHERIFF. Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin’ about her preserves. COUNTY ATTORNEY. I guess before we’re through she may have something more serious than preserves to worry about. HALE. Well, women are used to worrying over trifles (1, 28-30). The culture at the time depicted the men as important people in society, and their views were the grounds for establishing facts about the murder. The two women accepted this identity and decided to act on their own, they took the dead caged bird as evidence without informing the principal investigators to understand Mrs. Wright’s motive on the murder. Mr. Wright crushed the happiness in her wife’s life; he made sure that she had no regular friends who visited over to see and empathize with the state that she was in. He restricted her moves outside the home so she could run away from the tribulations that she faced. Before Mrs. Wright married her husband, she had joy in her youth, and she loved to compose and hum tunes of he
The article explores various types of public art that have been known for several decades throughout the history of mankind. Nonetheless, the most important inquiry that art enthusiasts should ask themselves is whether they understand the meaning and implications of public art. After going through the readings, it is evident that public art cannot be categorized as an art “form”. The four classifications of public art namely site-dominant, site-adjusted, site-specific and site-conditioned are indeed unique on their own even though they do not depict art “form” (Knight 28). The description of size when it comes to public art is also evidently absent. This implies that public art can either be small or large. In addition, both a realistic and abstract shape can be used to denote the outline of any type of public art. It is also interesting to mention that painting, assembling, building, carving and casting can be used to construct an abstract or real shape of any type of public art. Hence, the unique association on how public art is constructed is the main distinguishing factor irrespective of the category or classification of the art form. Location is yet another crucial parameter that can be used to create a clear distinction between public art and other forms of art. It is not surprising that the site-specific art is largely concerned with location. The site of the art must be put into consideration whenever exploring the aspect of site-specific art. Additionally, the hidden meaning portrayed by the type of art in question is a major consideration in any category of public art. Our assumptions can be questioned by any type of public art. Heightening our awareness is also another pertinent function performed by public art. For example, there has been rapid development in the desire to understand and interpret the meaning and content of different types of public art. Needless to say, our comprehension of various forms of public art have been minimized to terrestrial dimensions (Knight 28). Landscape transformation, environmental upgrade and expressing community values are also some of the key positive attributes of public art. Literary speaking, each of the four types of public art should be readily accessible to members of the public. In other words, it is not correct to classify a piece of art as “public” when it is out of bounds for members of the public. Every individual should be in a position to view public art. Perhaps, the development of private institutions that elevate art creations has led to inaccessibility of some types of public art. Private art centers are run for economic reasons. Hence, public art cannot be openly viewed unless they are paid for upfront (Sti
The three witches were doing their work by giving their prophecy to Macbeth and Banquo and hence are not responsible for the murder of King Duncan and Banquo’s family. In this play, Shakespeare stipulates that it was Macbeth’s choice which caused the death of Duncan the King. It was the obligation of the witches to prophesy but they didn’t make things to happen. The play clearly outlines that there is only one responsible person for the death of the King Duncan and this is Macbeth. Although many people argue that the three witches or Lady Macbeth played part in influencing Macbeth to kill Duncan, this should not be true. The witches only told their prophecy of Macbeth possibility of becoming a king but they didn’t suggest murder. Macbeth reached the murder decision only because of his power hunger for he wanted to climb and rise to the throne. Despite the fact that the witches had motivated Macbeth ambitious, they had nothing to do with his decision making. For example, Banquo was given good news by the witches about the likelihood of his children becoming kings and yet he did not rush to murder as it’s in the Macbeth’s case. So if the witches had supernatural powers then Banquo too would have preferred murder to all those seemed to be a block to his children’s achievements. It’s also believed that Lady Macbeth should be blamed for Macbeth’s actions. She openly question Macbeth’s courage and abuse him for not being man enough while making decisions. She tells her that he should not fear to act. She suggests murder and eventually Macbeth is the one to bear responsibilities of executing the king. After the murder of Duncan the relationship between the Macbeth and his wife weaken and he no longer trusts her in his ambition. In this play, one of the characters that appears as a tragic hero is Macbeth, she has to bear the responsibilities for his actions at any time (Greenblatt, Cohen, Howard and Maus 56). He realized this later when he engaged in a fight with Macduff knowing that he would emerge a loser. It’s seen throughout the play that Macbeth has power to make free options and choices and no one can force him to do anything and he makes his final decisions. As we focus on the issue of the king’s death, overtly it seems to be very complex and sophisticated matter to declare who was responsible for his death. In the first point, one would think that Lady Macbeth, in collaboration with the other witches, were solely accountable and responsible for the death of the king. This is true to some extend by the fact of Macbeth’s comments in section three of part one when she appraises of the supernatural power as having the power of unfixing his hair. Furthermore, the last part of depicts that Macbeth had hidden illicit agenda whereby he prays that there would be no light that would shine and let others have sight on his black and deep cravings. Thus, it appears that the killing of the king is partially linked to the acts of the witches, that is through the act of using supernatural powers dissipated through witches’ prophesies for they were human being with same kind of feeling
Family environment and security of attachment to parents have a strong impact on a child’s personal qualities. Fear of the unknown among seven-year-olds going to school for the first time is normal unless it results in a child’s panic and refusal to go to school. Development of separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and aggressive behavior among first-graders is usually caused by experience of negative events, but there is a close link between this process and family variables. Secure attachment to mothers at the age of 15 and 36 months decrease the risk of child’s social and psychological problems (Dallaire & Weinraub 2007), while increase in maternal psychological distress is associated with increase in the child’s separation anxiety (Abdullah et al., 2009). Infant-parents relations play a significant role in development of separation anxiety among first-graders, increasing it in case of high level of mother’s anxiety or decreasing it in case of secure infant-mother attachment. The effect-and-cause relations between child-parents affection and child’s psychological problems were established in both researches (Abdullah et al., 2009; Dallaire & Weinraub, 2007). The article Maternal Psychological Distress and Separation Anxiety Disorder in Children by Abdulah et al. (2009) is focused on the influence of maternal anxiety on development of Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) among their children. The research question of this study concerns the significant relationship between maternal anxiety and SAD symptoms in children. The authors admit that other factors of family environment may have an impact on child’s well-being. It is significant that the researchers accept the fact that mothers’ psychological distress is only one of factors influencing the process of child’s socialization and paying attention to the context of the problem. The study is aimed at covering the gap in theoretical knowledge concerning the influence of parental psychological well-being on separation anxiety disorder in their children. Reviewing the materials of the previous researches related to the subject, the authors proved the actuality of the issue. Working with the literature review of the research report, reader
Introduction Anorexia nervosa is a nutritional disorder depicted by excessive food constraint, unfounded phobia of weight gain and negative physical self-perception (Brown & Isaacs, 2008). It involves extreme loss of weight and is more prevalent in females than in males. People with this disorder often limit their intake of food resulting in acute hormonal as well as metabolic maladies. Anorexia is particularly life-threatening for pregnant mothers and their unborn children. This paper looks at the signs of anorexia nervosa, its effects on pregnant mothers and delivery, as well as the nutritional therapies for patients suffering from anorexia. It also recommends healthcare professionals who should be incorporated in the treatment process. Signs of Anorexia Nervosa The indications of people suffering from anorexia include constipation, laziness, fatigue, drowsiness, headaches, brittle nails, and dizziness (Abraham, 2008). It is also characterized by osteoporosis, which may bring about fractured bones. The most frequent causes of death in anorexia include electrolyte and body fluid disproportions, suicide and cardiac arrest. Many cases of anorexia are accompanied by psychiatric and physical disorders such as drug and substance abuse, neurological complications, anxiety, depression, cardiovascular complications, and obsessive behavior. Anorexia, Pregnancy and Childbirth Generally, pregnant women possess an inflated sensitivity to variations in the shapes of their bodies. For people suffering from anorexia, the elevation of the sensitivity can result in fatal actions such as starvation or purging (Ross, McMahon & Bernstein 2013). Anorexia poses a risk to the pregnancy since the mother does not consume the required nutrients. A clear sign or anorexia in expectant mothers is failure to gain 25 to 35 pounds during pregnancy or acute hyperemesis. Most purging pregnant mothers hide their condition by attributing the vomiting to morning sickness. Dangers of Anorexia to Pregnancy and Delivery Anorexia causes difficulties during pregnancy and may necessitate delivery through cesarian section, breech delivery and the use of forceps. Nurses in the Labor and Delivery health department should identify the signs of anorexia early enough and should be prepared for any complications. The mother’s eating disorder impedes the birth weight of the fetus. Anorexia during pregnancy may also lead to an infant with poor health (may show retarded growth and vitamin deficiency). Other dangers posed by anorexia in pregnant women include infant mortality, premature labor, gestational diabetes, stillbirth, respiratory complications, preeclampsia, and miscarriages (Bothamley & Boyle, 2009). Nutritional Therapies used in Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Therapy for pregnant women with anorexia includes the restoration of the patients’ weight, handling the psychological issues linked with anorexia nervosa, getting rid of deliberations or actions that cause the disorder, and prevention of a relapse (Price, 2007). Nutritional supplements can be given to the patient besides a properly supervised diet. To do this
Exposure to TV ads and programs that promote drug abuse and alcohol can increase alcoholism and drug abuse. The show Shameless, Michelob Ultra’s Happy Super Bowl commercial, and Heineken’s Sometimes Lighter is Better advert have publicized the use of alcohol and drugs. Shameless has many scenes involving binge drinking and can impact the viewer’s attitudes towards alcohol consumption. Drinking takes place as a regular part of daily life in the show, encouraging some people to consume alcohol. Michelob Ultra’s Happy Super Bowl commercial has used various athletes to encourage their fans to consume the product. The commercial has Serena Williams, Mia Hamm, Anthony Davis, Usain Bolt, and Brooks Koepka. The ad shows how the stars are enjoying the Michelob Ultra. Consequently, many people are likely to watch the advert, and the ad can increase consumption of the product and limit the fight against alcohol problems. Heineken’s Lighter is Better is another advert that can impact the viewer’s attitude towards alcohol consumption. Today’s TV programming is full of references to alcohol and drinking depictions (Siegel et al., 2016). Although the advert was pulled down, it encouraged people to consume alcohol and could lead to increased alcoholism in the United States. The commercial also showed young people enjoying the drink, which could lead to increased binge drinking. Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism Functionalism and symbolic interactionism theories can show why the South is the most violent region. The theory of functionalism shows how societies have structures designed to meet people’s social needs. The theory can show different issues that can lead to increased crime. For instance, education rate and employment rate are some of the aspects that can be analyzed using the functionalism approach. On the extreme, the symbolic interaction theory focuses on how people interact and their relationships in the community (Rusu, 2020). Thus, the approach can show how people from different backgrounds, cultures, and races interact in the South. I believe that the South is the most violent region due to its traditional culture known as culture of honor, which involves not accepting improper conduct by others. Juveniles Trials I think juveniles should not be trie