ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The second movement of Beethoven’s Sonata #8 in C Minor, Op 13, “Pathetique” : II Adagio cantabile is a wonderfully expressive piece which rises from the depths of despair to the birth of hope and new life and strength. The sonata as a whole moves from a ponderous beginning movement which uses lots of pauses and hesitations to layer themes one upon another making the whole a strongly morose piece, even when the tempo quickens to almost a frantic pace. The second movement picks up where the first ended on a very dark and sad note in a minor key followed by a frantic rising arpeggio that suddenly falls and stops right there. The second movement picks up almost on the ending note of the first, needing no transition. It uses very evenly spaced notes, as opposed to the very dramatic pacing of the first movement, which blend together masterfully to produce three harmonious melody lines. The first is the undercurrent of the sets of four notes, with every other note creating the second melody line. Then the fourth note of every set is the actual melody. The composer then moves up the keyboard to repeat the pattern in a higher octave thirty-six seconds into the piece. However, the pattern is varied by the secondary notes which are now a pattern of 1-2-3-1 instead of 2-1-2-1, creating a nice lighter variation on the first pattern. The last two phrases include a rising arpeggio on the lower notes which enriches the harmony and provides a second rhythm, ending in an almost light five note group that rolls upwards gently. I believe that the composer was providing a lighter interlude between the morose first movement and the almost frantic third movement, to lull the listener into a contented peaceful state after the wrenching first movement and before the powerful ending movement. It is almost a breathing exercise as this movement begins, but it quickens its pace, though more gently than the other movements. Throughout, the second movement is more evenly paced than the other two, almost like a rocking song, faster than slow ponderous notes of the theme notes of the first movement, but slower than what will follow. At about 1:15 the recuperative bridge builds up to the third variation of the first theme. Then it gently picks up pace as sets of triple notes underscore the second bridge which leads us into the fourth variation of the first theme, but it has moved into double bottom notes in pizzicato, punctuated by the rising arpeggios as before. It is followed with a lovely building melody using the same tripl note style, but the bottom two notes which sound the second and third note of the triples is underscored this time by a falling arpeggio, almost turning it upside down. The movement finally ends upon a melodic little grace note phrase, almost as if some little bird were beginning to sing us into morning. The gentle ending of the very complex, yet thematic second movement lulls the audience into a sense of safety, preparing them for the surprise third movement which takes off at a speedy pace to build flowering bouquets of sound, punctuated by bursts of strong
Introduction Our world is embracing for years of unreliable climate, with the areas known for natural supply of fresh waters getting increasingly affected. Increasing salinity of water, pose unimaginable health associated risks to the society today. Climatic change that has been encroaching our world is fast approaching with its repercussions such as global warming, acidification of the oceans and severe weather, among others taking shape. Of great interest is severe weather and acidification of oceanic waters that pose great danger to both man and aquatic life. To combat this, various governments and companies as well as individuals are increasingly getting involved in desalination of seawater, and salty waters, to make them safe for human consumption. This paper will try to explore how salty water is desalinated into fresh drinkable water (Fischetti, 2007, p. 118-119). Process The main objective of such processes is to convert salty water into one that is suitable for human use or in some cases for irrigation purposes. Several Large ships have been used in desalination of seawater, sometimes in small-scale and at times in large-scale. The focus is on areas that receive less rainfall and consequently need effective ways of desalinating salty waters for use. There are several processes used in this regard, among which are, distillation, ion exchange, the membrane process, Nanofiltration, Geothermal, solar, green house for seawater, and methane hydrate method of crystallization, others include Reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis, among others. The most widely used of these methods, throughout the world, are distillation and reverse osmosis (Fischetti, 2007, p. 118-119). Machine The most widely used distillation method is the multi-stage flash method of distillation, which is mainly rivaled by the membrane process known as reverse osmosis. The figures below show the processes of the two desalination processes mentioned above. Figure 1: Multi-stage flash desalinator and its schematic   * A – Steam in   * B – Seawater in   * C – Potable water out   * D – Waste out   * E – Steam out   * F – Heat exchange   * G – Condensation collection   * H – Brine heater Figure 2: Reverse osmosis desalination plant and its schematic   * 1:Sea water inflow,   * 2: Fresh water flow (40%),   * 3:Concentrate Flow (60%),   * 4:Sea water flow (60%),   * 5: Concentrate (drain),   * A: High pressure pump flow (40%),   * B: Circulation pump,   * C:Osmosis unit with membrane,   * D: Pressure exchanger Object To explore how desalination plant converts salty water into fresh water, ready for human use. To determine weather it is feasible (Eckhardt, 2010, p. 1). Theory Due to the ever-increasing unreliability of rainwater and other known fresh water supply regions such as rivers, lakes and the likes,
Abstract Innovation is an essential part of business success, especially in such an area as IT. Because of the lack of a leader like the late Steve Jobs, the Chinese IT companies and the companies offering IT related products had to resort to the role of minor technology producers. A recent reconsideration of the role of China in the evolution of technology has revealed, though, that the Chinese organizations still deliver innovative products; however, because of the competition with the Western brands of a greater influence, the Chinese IT organizations will have to resort to the reiterative type of innovation, therefore, taking a unique niche in the market. Iterative Innovation When speaking of the phenomenon of iterative innovations, Lee Kai-Fu refers to the ability of the state to come up with concepts that are similar to those of the famous American and European companies, particularly, Apple, Inc., and Facebook. It is quite remarkable that the term coined by Kai-Fu hardly factors in as an innovative concept since the developer makes it obvious that he is not going to introduce the Chinese customers to groundbreaking technology. Instead, Kai-Fu is “taking an existing model or idea and tweaking it for the Chinese market” (Hamdan Bin Mohammed University, 2013, p. 3). While admittedly creative, such an approach does not presuppose that the developer is going to Reinvent people’s perception of a specific technology entirely; according to the existing types of innovation, the given approach can be characterized by improved – or even, possibly, new – components with no major change to the existing system; consequently, the suggestion that Kai-Fu makes borders on an incremental and a modular innovation type (Smith, 2010). From a different perspective, the changes that Kai-Fu provides to the Chinese system of technology development and production can be identified as application innovation (Smith, 2010). Indeed, according to the existing definition, an application innovator does not invent new forms of technology; quite on the contrary, they use the already existing technological advances in order to design new products and, thus, satisfy the new demand of the customers. In a way, application innovation may be seen as much product as the traditional one, since it allows for making the best of the opportunities provided by the technological breakthrough (Smith, 2010). Jobs’ Legacy It goes without saying that Steve Jobs was one of the world’s renowned marketing and technology geniuses of the t
Introduction The United States government conducts its population census after every ten years. The exercise is conducted by the United States Census Bureau which makes use of enumerators in data collection. The data collected from the census deal with issues that relate to respondents’ race and ethnicity. From the era of civil war, such data has been used to appreciate the ethnic and racial diversity of the Americans rather than being used to instigate racial prejudice. The essay will look into the background information on the United States Censuses. Racial reorganization and the United States Census 1850-1930: Mulattoes, Half-Breeds, Mixed Parentage, Hindus, and the Mexican Race. The period between the civil war and World War II characterized an era of pronounced racial inclinations. Well-known races expanded and contracted. The census orchestrated the demarcation of social boundaries between different classes of people and the general population became obsessed with who and who belonged to which group. Racism became rife. The white race did not of course relinquish their position at the top of the social ladder but the question that people kept asking was who in particular occupied the topmost position in the social ladder (Hochschild, Jennifer and Brenna Marea Powell 1). Blacks and the Chinese struggled for the lowest position in the social hierarchy with elevation greatly dependent on how the power brokers defined the group. Assimilation of Mexican Americans, South Asians and Pacific-rim Asians depended on whether their classification allowed them to be potential insiders or perennial non-Americans. Levels of governance were deeply engrossed in the racial reorganization issue wholesomely (2). At the time of the 1902 US census, social and political order was greatly influenced by one’s racial inclination. The census impetus for racial classification was unrivaled as it touched exclusively on racial nitty gritty (3). Different groups of people were adequately illuminated: the mixture between blacks and other races, racial classification of Asians by nationality, classification of Latin Americans as whites, mulatto or as being racially distinct and finally whites were distinguished using their countries of birth, whether they had mixed parentage or their mother tongue. One episode of racializing religion was witnessed when south Asian immigrants were pooled as Hindoos (3). Native Americans were given a wide berth as they were notably ignored by the census and classified as being black but with white blood. In the 1930 census, the racial reorganization was discarded and the American census bureau only recognized the white, the Negro, the Indians and five Asian nationalities. Racial mixtures, mixed parentage, the Hispanics, the Hindoos were given blackout. In 1940, the use of the word ‘colored’ in conjunction with the word race was totally disbanded (Hochschild, Jennifer and Brenna Marea Powell 4). The era of World War II was ushered in with an already established racial order and racial reorganization. Scholars have continued to ask themselves why the United States government census bureau exhibited inco
Introduction The Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, commonly abbreviated as COVID-19, has triggered a rapid and evolving healthcare landscape that currently affects communication between families, patients, and healthcare providers, a core element of patient-and family-centered care (PFCC). PFCC is a healthcare delivery approach that enhances the planning, evaluation, and provision of health care based on the mutually beneficial relationship among health care practitioners, families, and patients (Piscitello et al., 2021). The aforementioned practice’s core conceptions emphasize regular communication with one’s household members, multidisciplinary support, and family presence at the bedside (Wu et al., 2020). However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the government’s restrictions for minimizing its spread impact healthcare providers’ capacities to meet the above-mentioned primary PFCC goals. Currently, healthcare settings globally have imposed regulations that limit patient visitations in an attempt to minimize SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, Hart et al. (2020) associate this primary mitigation approach for reducing the virus’ spread with the adverse effects on PFCC delivery. To resolve this issue, many intensive care units (ICUs) have shifted their clinical visitation and communication approach from the bedside and in-person discussions to remote interactions exclusively via video call or telephone (Lieneck et al., 2020). Nevertheless, despite the widespread telehealth utilization to facilitate communication, several barriers still hinder this strategy’s efficacy (Monaghesh & Hajizadeh, 2020). This paper provides a literature review on the issues and best practices related to telehealth communication between family and admitted patients in an ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. Challenges Linked to Telehealth Communication One of the primary issues linked to effective telehealth communication between families and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic involves their inadequate knowledge of the pertinent telehealth communication software. The proper usage of virtual software platforms and digital communication technologies might be challenging for specific citizens due to their deficient cognizance of the innovation (Piscitello et al., 2021). Studies further identify network communication quality as a primary factor that affects telehealth communication’s implementation (Lieneck et al., 2020). Poor and uncoordinated technology adoption by families, particularly those in rural regions and in developing nations, represents a significant hurdle to the effective use of modern virtual communication approaches (Anthony, 2020). Slow Internet speed, Internet access issues, poor signal coverage, wireless issues, as well as poor audio and video quality negatively impact telehealth communication between families and patients, causing frustration and a sense of helplessness (Wu et al., 2020). Security protection, access, and data privacy are crucial issues that affect digital communication te
Introduction The strategy makes a business succeed. The business is successful if it continues making profits and expanding. Below is a definition of strategy, the importance of strategy to individuals within the organization, how the knowledge of strategy will help in being successful in business, the business model of McDonald and Microsoft and the competitive advantage of Blackberry. What is the strategy? A strategy is “a way of thinking.” This simply means that a business strategy is made up of ideas whose aim is to attain certain specific targets. The targets could be written or unwritten. Written targets are usually well documented. Unwritten is usually known in the minds of the employer and the employees. Furthermore, the strategy is also the art of implementing business targets within the capability of the organization’s resources. This means that strategizing is to use the available resources to attain goals. The importance of strategy to individuals within the organization Strategy causes individuals to be focused on. When they are involved in implementing the strategy, they pay attention to key areas that need their involvement. They become aware that their work is contributing to achieving specific goals. Hence this increases their motivation to work. The strategy makes individuals have a clear picture of the organizational goals. They become aware of what the business intends to achieve and how it will achieve it. This will make the individuals willing to cooperate and coordinate their activities with a purpose to attain the specific goals. Consequently, the individuals will have a positive attitude towards making changes when circumstances change. In knowing the business strategies, individuals will be willing to employ their expertise and creativity in achieving their goals. They will be willing to use available resources to realize their goals. If everyone plays their role as expected, then there will be minimal wastage of resources. How the knowledge of strategy will help in being successful in business The strategy will help the company attain its goals. Strategizing involves planning. The market clearly states its objectives, goals, vision, mission statement and how all these will be attained. When everyone in the business is made aware of the strategy, combined efforts and coordination within the business is achieved. As a result efficiency within the business is realized leading to the attainment of goals. Strategizing involves allocating resources towards the achievement of goals. The business will include in its capital budget to support the strategy and monitor the progress from time to time. Businesses must plan for their future and allocate the funds where it is most appropriate. The available resources can be allocated appropriately to avoid wastage. In cases where more resources are required, the business could plan on how to increase their capital so that the strategy is achieved. Increasing the capital could help the business survive rather than collapse. Strategizing in a business will help in maintain competition in business. In a compe
Product Description Ristorante pizza is an exquisite Italian pizza on a thin crispy dough with various toppings. The pizza is prepared according to a unique recipe using high-quality ingredients. The range includes more than ten flavors, including “quattro formaggi,” with mushrooms, salami, ham, and others. It takes about ten minutes to cook this product fully. The pizza maker is Oetker, a German multinational company that produces baking powder, cake mixes, frozen pizza, puddings, cornflakes, and other products. The company is the owner of the Oetker Group, headquartered in Bielefeld. The company also makes pizzas for vegetarians, vegans, and people with lactose intolerance. Type of Perishable Product Frozen pizza is a semi-finished product that requires only rapid temperature treatment to be ready. Authentic Italian pizza and frozen semi-finished pizza consist of two main components – the base and toppings. Frozen pizza and other semi-finished culinary products appeared on the market relatively recently. It is worth paying particular attention to the production process of frozen pizza. Specialists in the food industry developed a unique method to manufacture such food products. Using a so-called “flash freezing,” ready-made pizza quickly cooled. This method allows one to save most of the taste and palatability characteristics of the dish. Frozen pizza is quickly brought to perfection using the microwave or conventional oven. Storage The duration of cooling of different food products is determined by several factors, primarily by their thermal conductivity. As a rule, most products have low thermal conductivity, so cooling takes a long time – from several hours to several days. For long-term cold storage, food is used to freeze in freezers. When stored properly, unopened pizza packages usually remain in their best quality for two months. Store frozen purchased pizza in the freezer at a temperature no higher than -18 degrees Celsius (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2018). Transportation should also be at low temperatures to avoid food spoilage. Humidity should not exceed 75% because frozen pizza packages and the pizza itself can go bad at high humidity and temperature (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2018). Clearance from cooling appliances, ceilings, and walls must be maintained during storage. All storage conditions are indicated by the specific product’s manufacturer on the product’s packaging. Frozen pizza packaging must withstand low temperatures and temperature fluctuations during defrosting without deforming or losing strength. It must also comply with the sanitary and hygienic requirements and regulations that apply to food packaging. The density of the cardboard and the structure’s stiffness should be such that the box will not deform during transportation. In addition, the bottom of the box should not sag under the pizza’s weight. The sides and corners by which the box is held should also not deform. Lifespan The maximum shelf life of such a product is approximately 1.5 years. Repeated freezing of this semi-finished product is not allowed. After cookin
History of Solvent Abuse in First Nations Inhalant abuse, which is also called solvent abuse, volatile substance abuse, bagging, and huffing, is inhalation of volatile drugs that are evaporated to achieve shifts in mental state. Solvent abuse is a serious global problem, which is particularly typical of marginalized and minority groups. A number of social peculiarities of health also predetermine the drug consumption. The history of colonization has become the major underpinning for spread of inhalant abuse among aboriginal communities, leading to addiction and self-destruction. The problem of inhalant abuse has been rigidly discussed over the last two decades. The aspects connected with solvent abuse have not been thoroughly investigated and, therefore, the issue is not properly discussed (Coleman et al., 2010). Additionally, many addicts often represent the members of a marginalized community, making them challengeable to learn. Solvent abuse among aboriginal communities, particularly in isolated areas, is highlighted. Historians highlight problems among the Innu of Sheshatshio dating back to the nineteenth century, the period when these groups depended on European trades. At the threshold of twentieth century, the village tribes faced rigid competition from non-native traders who capture the market, leading to the advent of the Depression era that is followed by the crisis of fur industry (Clancy, 2004). The municipal government imposed limitations on hunting and large areas of indigenous lands were flooded by Hydroelectric projects in the second half of the 70s century. Therefore, the history of constant repressions and restrictions has provided a solid background for emotional and psychological problems among the population. Kinds of Solvent Abuse There are different types of solvent abuse predetermined by the types of evaporating substances used by the addicts. Hence, there are volatile solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrites (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2012). Volatile solvents include liquid substances that vaporize at different temperatures, including industrial products and office supply solvents. Aerosols are sprays containing solvents and propellants. Household aerosols propellants, including paints, deodorant sprays, aerosols computer cleaning substances, and vegetable oil sprays, are among the mostly frequently used inhalants. Gases include medical anesthetics, commercial products, such as butane lighters, whipped cream sprays and, refrigerant gases. Finally, nitrites are inhalants that contain butyl, cyclohexyl, and amyl nitrites (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2012). These substances are employed for medical procedures and are used as sexual enhancers. With regard to the types of solvent substance, addicts apply to different methods of consuming sprays and dispensers. Effect on the Brain/Body The influence of solvent abuse on brain and body is similar to that produced by alcohol consumption. At the initial stage, the symptoms of abuse involve euphoria, hallucinations, lo