ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Overall, it is possible to argue that the philosophy of ancient Greece is mostly associated with the names of such prominent thinkers as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. This paper is aimed at discussing their intellectual achievements in greater detail. One can say that these people laid the foundations of various important fields such as political science, education, epistemology, ethics, rhetoric, and so forth. One should not suppose that the ideas expressed by these thinkers are always taken for granted. More likely, scholars discuss their works very critically. Nevertheless, each of them contributed to the development of philosophy. These are the main issues that should be discussed more closely. At first, it is important to speak about Socrates. Modern people can learn about his life and work primarily through the writings of his pupils, especially Plato. Researchers believe that Plato could have changed or distorted some of Socrates’ ideas (Gill and Pellegrin 101). One can say that he is famous for the so-called Socratic Method (Gill and Pellegrin 141). This approach is based on the premise that an educator should prompt pupils to display their critical thinking skills. In particular, a teacher may prompt a learner to re-evaluate the validity of arguments that many people take for granted. In order to achieve this goal, a teacher should ask a series of questions that enable a person to understand the nature of a certain claim or an argument. This method was critical for the development of educational techniques that continue to be used nowadays. Furthermore, Socrates contributed to the development of epistemology. In particular, he continuously emphasized the limitations of human knowledge. Still, one should keep in mind that many of his real achievements remain unknown to modern scholars because Socrates did not leave any written works that could throw light on his ideas and convictions. This is one of the points that can be made. Additionally, it is important to discuss Plato. On the whole, this thinker is renowned for introducing such a field as political science. One should mention that his book The Republic that raises significant questions about such notions as justice and the efficiency of different forms of government. Furthermore, Plato is certainly famous for establishing the so-called Platonic Academy where students could learn rhetoric and philosophy (Gill and Pellegrin 236). Many of Plato’s students could play a prominent role in ancient society. To a great extent, this institution was the prototype of medieval universities (Gill and Pellegrin 236). Moreover, Plato contributed to the development of metaphysics. Overall, he highlighted the idea that the information derived through their people’s senses can often be misleading or
Economics is often regarded as a complicated discipline that is difficult to understand for people without academic education. In his book, The Armchair Economist: Economics and Everyday Life , Steven Landsburg aims to discuss some of the principles that economics uses to answer questions about issues that concern people every day. The book is separated into 5 chapters and 24 smaller parts – each of them targets a particular problem, analyzing the cost of popcorn at the movie theater or the outcomes of wearing a seatbelt on the rate of traffic accidents. Notably, the author considers the principles of efficiency and incentive as the foundational aspects of economic theories. Landsburg states that “people respond to incentives” – a simple phrase that explains a vast number of inquiries in the book (p. 11). In this work, the author tackles such topics as taxes, monopoly, competition, and price discrimination, often delivering unusual responses to common problems. One of the topics discussed in the class that is mentioned in the book is taxes. While the role and the impact of taxation on people are talked about in several parts of the work, Landsburg devotes an entire chapter to explaining why taxes are bad, using the logic of efficiency. According to the scholar’s argument, taxes are almost always more harmful than helpful to people. His example is that tax discourages purchases of goods and services, which negatively affects the economy and creates deadweight loss – and inefficiency of the market that puts its supply and demand out of equilibrium (Landsburg, p. 74). The belief that taxes impede innovation and economic progress is generally supported by scholars who state that risk-taking is lowered due to higher tax rates (Mukherjee et al, p. 196). Nonetheless, Landsburg argues that the evasion of paying taxes is the actual reason for their ineffectiveness. Another problem that Landsburg covers is price discrimination, which he finds an inherent part of the market. The author provides several examples in which price discrimination can and cannot work, showing that its success depends on the target customer group and the industry’s conditions. For instance, a difference between a barber and a baker offering senior discounts is the person that is able to use the service immediately (Landsburg, p. 42). A person cannot get a haircut at a lower price if they are a senior, while so
The world is constructed in a very complex way so as to include the self-opposing and contrasting concepts and factors on a single platform. Thus, the universe contains, on the one side, the concepts like light, truth, white, day, and richness which stay in contrastive distribution with, on the other side, concepts such as darkness, fallacy, black, night, and poverty respectively. The co-existence of these mutually opposing concepts and forces is necessary for the balancing effect of the universe. A man may not question the relevance of such a construction as it is the plain fact of the existence and survival of his very being. In this background, it is very much significant to consider poverty and aid issues as raised by Garret Hardin in his “Lifeboat Ethics.” He suggests that the apt way for understanding world poverty and aid issues is through his lifeboat metaphor. By raising the issues of poverty and international aids through the metaphor of lifeboat, Hardin puts forward an interesting and relevant topic for our discussion. Let us state this in Hardin’s own words. “If we divide the world crudely into rich nations and poor nations, two-thirds of them are desperately poor, and only one-third comparatively rich, with the United States the wealthiest of all. Metaphorically each rich nation can be seen as a lifeboat full of comparatively rich people. In the ocean outside each lifeboat swim the poor of the world, who would like to get in, or at least to share some of the wealth. What should the lifeboat passengers do?” (Hardin 1974). In an assessment of the metaphor of lifeboat for our understanding of world poverty
The research questions of the study The study by Judith Olmsted Gary is concerned with an approach in teaching second languages that have been described by preceding research as profoundly effective. The approach is constituted by assessing the learners’ needs in terms of speaking: it is stated that they are in no need of speaking if they are not comfortable with it. The approach is dubbed “delayed oral practice” (Gary, 1976, p. 2). The author provides a rationale for this approach, argues for its efficiency as opposed to conventional audio-verbal practices, and advocates for further experiments that might adjust this approach for effective implementation. The question which the author deals with in her investigation is whether delayed oral practice and physical response positively affect children’s comprehension. Description of the population investigated The author asserts that no experimentation was conducted that would involve children in a delayed oral practice teaching mode. To support her point, the author investigates 50 lower elementary school children. All the participants had Spanish as their second language and were randomly allocated to be later distributed into the groups. At that, the experimental group was assigned to delayed oral practice for 14 weeks. Further, they were transitioned into a 7-week follow-up period of partially delayed practice. Methods or research design used To divide the subjects into groups, the random allocation method is used. The method ensures the absence of bias when distributing the participants. In her experimental study, the author uses a randomized control trial design which is believed to be a gold standard of experimental research. The participants were assigned intervention for a total period of 21 weeks. Findings The experimental group that was undergoing delayed oral practice were found to develop better comprehension skills than the rest of the control group. Considering that they were not speaking, the statistical group results were out of reach. Upon individual testing, however, the experimental group has shown better speaking capabilities. The more so, the control group has shown poor performance both in the mid-term tests and the final examination. At the same time, the experimental group’s results were on a steady increase. Practical and pedagogical implications Such an approach has been proved effective by some other studies. The possibilities of using it are plentiful. Delayed oral practice is sufficient in the adequate assessment of the learners’ needs and individualizing learning. For instance, the use of digital information sources can help the students set their own pace while being instructed. Given that they are
Introduction Dar Al Takaful PJSC was established in 2008 with a paid-up capital of AED 100 Million. It started as an Islamic Insurance Company based in Dubai and it was providing Shariah-compliant solutions for your insurance needs. Currently, Takaful has extended to other Muslim populated areas across the world. Along with Takaful, Re-Takaful started in 1985. Re-Takaful may be categorized as another cooperative system of reimbursement. Takaful operators now attract considerable interest, which creates awareness and the need for Re-Takaful to comply with the requirements of Sharia (Ernst&Young, 4). These are the key elements of the strong adherence to the community’s first principles that are fulfilled by the Takaful Company. The Sharia in question regulates the Islamic insurance market. It sufficed to mention that Takaful does not have a long history of operating in the UAE. It has grown due to the rapid expansion of a number of companies. These companies were built on the assumption that the public wanted Islamic institutions. In the year 2010, the market share was 6 percent of the total premiums written. However, between 2005 and 2008 the UAE’s Takaful market grew by 135 percent, before shrinking in a declining local economy (Ernst&Young 6). With the help of data charts, this work debates and analyses the profits and the returns for Takaful and Re-Takaful companies. Background Of The Companies To begin with, the momentous growth of Takaful and Islamic finance was in the sections of Asia, The Middle East, Europe, and Africa. The firm in question expanded at an estimated compound annual expansion rate of 39% between the year 2005 and the year 2008. To be specific, this was in terms of premiums growth. A growth of 28% in South Asia and 45% in the GCC also occurred. In addition, the growth of international insurance was 7%. One should note that the approximate size of the firm’s premium was USD8.9bn in 2008 and USD5.3bn in 2008. In as much as Takaful is still a small firm, it is continuously growing (Bhatty, 1). An Analysis of the Returns According to Islamic Finance News (7), global Takaful contributions grew by 19% in 2010 to US$ 8.3b. Total contributions are expected to reach US$ 12b by the end of the year 2012. This is illustrated by figure 1 below. Figure 1: Global Takaful Contributions Growth. Source: “Industry growth and preparing for regulatory change”. The World Takaful Report 2012. Web. Figure 2: Current Global Takaful Growth. Source: “Industry growth and preparing for regulatory chan
Abstract The labor market of the UAE is unsustainable due to the imbalance proportions of expatriates and Emirati employees. In the UAE labor market, expatriates comprise about 89%, while the Emirati nationals form the remaining small proportion of 11%. To rectify the imbalance in the labor market and promote the participation of Emiratis, the UAE government came up with the Emiratization policy. However, limited skilled labor, insufficient training, poor knowledge transfer, and inadequate organizational engagement are some of the obstacles that hinder the adoption and implementation of Emiratization. The objectives of the study were to review the effectiveness of the Emiratization policy, identify challenges, and explore potential improvements in fostering knowledge transfer among employees. To achieve its objectives, the study used a cross-sectional research design to survey employees who work in the Roads and Transport Authority and collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Results show that the study surveyed 140 employees (84 males and 56 females) with the dominant nationalities as Emiratis, Arabs, and Asians. Additionally, the majority of employees were in the age group of between 20 and 50 years with work experience of 1-5 years. The analysis of scaled questions indicated that most employees agree that work climate promotes the sharing of knowledge, disagree with statements that limit the sharing of knowledge, and agree with assertions highlighting the significance of the Emiratization policy. Based on the challenges that employees face, they suggested the use of teamwork, knowledge sharing, regular meetings, frequent training, motivation, workshops, mentoring, and practical activities as methods of improving knowledge transfer in the organization. Therefore, the study recommends the management improve work climate and organizational engagement to improve knowledge sharing and empower employees. The government should ensure the adoption and implementation of the policy while employees create a favorable culture for sharing information. Findings and Analysis Demographic Information The study administered and collected data from 140 employees in different sections and departments of the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA). The analysis of demographic data shows that the participants comprised 60% males (84) and 40% females (56). The UAE citizens formed the dominant proportion of 45% (63), followed by Arabs at 29.3% (41) and Asians at 23.6% (33). However, Westerns formed the least proportion of 2.1% (3) among employees in RTA. Most respondents
In the Bhagavad Gita, three yogas, or paths to liberation (=to moksha), are outlined: jnana yoga, which liberates one via knowledge; karma yoga, which liberates one via actions; and bhakti yoga, which liberates one via devotion. (Raja yoga was created as a complementary practice by the Yoga School.) Karma yoga means practicing disciplined action, acting in a karmically positive manner. The motives for such actions need to be deontological, that is, one should do these actions because they are right rather than to achieve certain goals. Jnana yoga means achieving moksha through knowledge, which is achieved via study, usually under the supervision of a guru. The knowledge that needs to be achieved pertains to the awareness of the unity of atman (= one’s “real” self,) and brahman (=the absolute and impersonal reality). The study needs to include not only personal reflection but also philosophical scrutiny. Thus, karma yoga is practiced via acting deontologically in a karmically positive manner, while jnana yoga is practiced via gaining knowledge and conducting reflection. In Buddhism, nirvana (“quenching”) is the key aim of the path of a Buddhist, the cessation of dukkha (=suffering) via the riddance from its causes; nirvana also means the end of the samsara (=the endless circles of deaths and rebirths). The four noble truth
Joint Security Area (JSA) is a Korean movie investigating the murder of two North Korean soldiers in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The investigation into the deaths demonstrates some attitudes in the Korean border. The movie has a quality story about Korea. Many people do not understand the effects that the Korean War brought on people living in South and North Korea. When we focus on the history of the war, the entire peninsula was destroyed by the war, and though the cease-fire ended, the war has still not ended. The South and the North are still under war though no enmity has been experienced since 1953. The film starts by introducing stories that demonstrate the tension that exists between the North and the South. Two North Korean soldiers had been murdered at the guardhouse, and a lawyer from the military had been certified to undertake the investigation. The Lawyer, under the script name Lee Young Ae, is half Korean, and according to her investigations, she discovers the differences existing between the accounts of the Southern and the Northern ( Joint Security Area ). In the movie, it is clear that the one who commits the crime is an army sergeant from South Korea with the script name Lee Byung-Hun. There is a soldier who witnesses the shooting, and the information he gives is different from that given by the sergeant. According to the account of the South Korean Army Sergeant, he had been in the bushes relieving himself when he was suddenly attacked by the North Koreans and dragged when unconscious ( Joint Security Area). He afterward regained consciousness and shot the two to his freedom. During the shootings, he had been injured in the knee. The sergeant from North Korea tells a different story that gives a different account. He says that Lee found them at the guardroom and started shooting the North Koreans without being provoked. According to investigations, one of the soldiers had been shot in the head at close range, meaning it was some form of execution. The movie shows the events that led to the shootings. The South Korean soldiers have already crossed to the North Korean part. Lee is saved after he steps on a landmine. They would have left him to die or arrested him, but they left him to go ( Joint Security Area ). Lee is stationed to guard the border and to realize that Jeong and Oh are also stationed on the other side; they exchange letters, and a long-distance connection develops. There is an ethical dilemma in the movie, and Lee cannot differentiate between enemies and true friends ( Joint S
Inequality in America and why it exists “Falling wages, inflation and an all-time low social mobility in the United States has meant that the rich continue to get richer while the poor get poorer” (Ryscavage, 2009). The middle class in the U.S.A is almost vanishing, leaving behind only two categories of people; the rich and the rest. According to World Poverty Organization (2009) “income inequality has more to do with monetary policy, central bank and a legal/political system that favors big businesses and the rich at the expense of the low-income earners”. The total income going to the top earners, who only constitute 1% of the population, has gone up to 16% from 4% in six years. America is still considered the richest nation in the world. Unfortunately, 90% of the country’s wealth is owned by 10% of the country’s population. The rich have too much influence and power over the economy and financial policies, which they use to benefit themselves while the poor remain helpless. In the last ten years, the income of the rich has gone up more than 100% while that of the poor continues on a downward trend. It is hard for the poor to progress since they have no access to high-quality education, which means that they are disadvantaged in the job market. They have no access to h
Each person searches for self-realization and strives for self-development and a dream job is all about it. Every day you should feel happy when getting up and going to work because your profession is a significant and inherent part of your life. In this our group seeks any possibilities to fulfill our potential in the sphere of finance management. We sought to find jobs in various companies to be employed at the most respectable and prestigious ones, such the Olayan Group, NCB, or Goodman & Company. We believe that a profession of financial analyst is quite responsible and privilege and we plan to browse the Internet to select the best job where all our skills and abilities could be fulfilled. Individual Statements Muneerah realizes that it is really difficult to find a good job in Saudi Arabia due to the high unemployment rates. She hopes to carry on business in the sphere of traditional cosmetics and sell products online. The company she plans to work for should be the leading one in producing high quality products. Amnah is fond of psychology because she wants to understand human behavior. So far, she dreamt of teaching psychology in King Faisal University in Alhas. But later she decides to select finance as her major to work in bank. She believes that with the help of websites, it is possible to critically evaluate all benefits and drawbacks of working as a banker. Esra strongly believes that Human Resource management is exactly the field where she can fulfill herself. Therefore Human Resource consultant is the best opportunity for revealing her talents because this is a chance for her to meet with new people and analyze specific techniques of organizational development. Therefore, she wants to carry out the webquest to find financial company where she could realize her potential. Fatima seeks to join a big and prestigious organization and dreams of becoming a highly qualified financial analyst. She has chosen this profession because it is closely related to her major and provides people with necessary assistance in making various investment decisions. Some Internet sources were used to research this dream job and to get a clear idea of why the profession of a financial analyst is worth attention and recognition . In particular, we seek to find the company specializing in financial analysis. Fatima Alarbesh is dreaming to get pleasure from her job, but she believes that human resources are the best and post her work in the future. She believes that webquest will help find valuable information about various professions in the sphere of finance. It is also important for Fatima to find herself in a friendly social environment. She also strives to work not only for personal benefit, but for the benefit of other company’s members. Group Findings We use Google for searching the best companies with such key words as “ financial companies ” and “ jobs in finance ” and received 404 000 000 and 424 000 000 respectively. Certainly, the result is quite general because it presents v