ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The issue of obscenity has generated different reactions since the Supreme Court first dealt with the issue in the case of Cohen v. California in 1971. The decision to convict the accused was reversed by the court on the ground that his speech was protected under the First Amendment. Justice Harlan, who presided over the case, triggered a deep debate in his argument that the issue of using obscene language differs from one person to another. This issue of obscenity later came under scrutiny in the two celebrated landmark cases in United States. The decisions upheld in both the Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation, 438 U.S. 726 (1978) and Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television News, 566 U.S. (2009), served as a stepping stone to the issue of expletives on the airwaves (Overbeck and Belmas 248). In the Pacifica case, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) received a complaint from a concerned father. The complainant claimed that his son had been subjected to the filthy words uttered by George Carlin during his popular program that was aired in the afternoon. The Pacifica Foundation radio station, which broadcasted the program, was reprimanded by FCC for allegedly breaching its regulations that barred any broadcast of indecent materials. The Supreme Court upheld the decision by FCC to censure the radio station by arguing that FCC acted in its best interest to protect children from accessing indecent materials through broadcast. However, the court was quick to point out that a clear distinction between indecency and obscenity should be established. Though indecency speech unlike an obscene speech is protected, the usage of the same should also be regulated. This means that the particular hour that the program was broadcasted was critical as the audience at that time comprised of children. This was the rationale behind the decision in this case. This particular case has had a great impact on broadcasting as it was further evidenced in the Fox Television News case (Zelezny 556). Justice Scalia pointed out that the Public Telecommunications Act of 1992 clearly stipulated the hours that an indecent speech could be aired either on television or radio. In this particular case, the issue arose out of two Billboard Music Awards that saw the presenters use obscene language when the shows were aired live on Fox Television Network. This prompted the FCC to change its policy regarding the objectivity of fleeting or isolated expletives on the airwaves. Before the Fox Television Network case, FCC operated on the policy of repetitive expletives rather than single expletives but later held that single expletives were also actionable. It is therefore evident that the content available to the society has changed over the last fifty years. This is attributed to the fact that most television or radio shows are becoming even more salacious as a ploy to attract more viewers. A broadcast material that was seen as unfit for b
Introduction Training is an important part of any practice and profession, as it imparts the necessary knowledge into the concerned individuals to aid them in their operations. Many auditing firms carry out continuous education to their employees and other stakeholders. Public auditing organisations usually have programmes that are meant to improve their auditors’ proficiency and skill levels (Boolaky, Krishnamurti & Hoque 2013). This essay looks at a training strategy for auditors in a public auditing organisation. It focuses on the development of proficiency, skills, and communication for these individuals. Mission and Vision The improvement of proficiency in any organisation can lead to improved performance in areas such as productivity. Public auditing organisations often have young auditors whose experience may not be adequate for such organisations. A training programme is necessary where there is a need to improve the performance of such an organisation and/or to ensure accountability. A training strategy allows researchers and other people in the o
Consumers make dozens of purchasing decisions every day. Professional marketers want to understand what motivates consumers to make a purchase. These factors and influences are numerous, from broad social and economic trends to personal considerations and individual perceptions of products, services, brands and companies’ advertising strategies. Routine purchasing decisions do not take much time; however, with more expensive products and services, consumers will need to consider the relative benefits and costs of each purchasing alternative. In case of Ethel’s Chocolate Lounges, extensive decision-making is the main type of customer buying decisions, whereas traditional materialistic values and socialization with members of the same or higher social status (upward mobility) are the most salient factors affecting consumer willingness to stay at Ethel’s. The story of chocolate houses dates back to the seventeenth century (Anonymous, n.d.). At that time, members of society’s elite would use them as a place for gathering and socializing in a luxurious atmosphere with a cup of superior quality hot chocolate (Anonymous n.d.). Today, Ethel’s Chocolate is the company which preserves and cherishes old chocolate traditions; named in honor of Ethel Mars whose husband founded a candy company in 1911, Ethel’s Chocolate Lounges exemplify a unique place, where chocolate is given a chance to live fresh life (Anonymous, n.d.). All consumer buying decisions can be divided into three categories: routine response behaviors, extensive decision-making, and limited decision-making (Lamb et al., 2010). Routine response behavior is a pattern of consumer decision-making most commonly associated with low-cost and frequently purchased goods (Lamb et al., 2010). Consumers who make routine buying decisions are not typically aware of their needs, until they are subjected to advertising and marketing influences/ campaigns (Lamb et al., 2010). Limited decision-making implies that consumers are familiar with the product but have little or no knowledge of the current brands and product options available in the market (Lamb et al., 2010). Neither of these buying decisions describes the choice to indulge at Ethel’s. Rather, it is through extensive decision-making that customers choose or do not choose to socialize at Ethel’s. Extensive decision making comes into play when the product is very expensive and consumers buy the product infrequently (Lamb et al., 2010). Consumers are actively involved in the process of taking the buying decision. Yet, everything changes. Consumer buying decisions are no exception. Most probably, with time, consumers who indulge at Ethel’s will start to exhibit routine response behaviors, but not until they familiarize themselves with Ethel’s products and services and get used to the patterns of the company’s marketing and advertising strategies. Numerous factors affect consumer buying decisions; these include but are not limited to cultural, social, individual, and psychological influences (Lamb et al., 2010). In case of Ethel’s,
The concept of design has undergone extensive changes over the course of its evolution, shifting from a simple idea of an arrangement of visual elements to a more complex phenomenon of creating the environment that is not only comfortable but also aesthetically pleasing. It could be argued that the phenomenon of design has acquired certain societal characteristics and functions. To be more exact, the current approach to designing seems to deviate from abstract concepts and tends to tie form and function together as suggested by Sullivan (Fletcher & Grose, 2012). Moreover, the changes in the interpretation of design as a concept seem to have a tangible connection with a variety of societal issues. The alterations in the interpretation of design as a phenomenon, therefore, can be defined as the key message to be conveyed to the target audience. The participants of the discussions carried during this course can be defined as the target audience. The specified audience includes both the students and instructor. Additionally, the message is aimed at anyone interested in design, its history and the changes that it has undergone over the course of its evolution. While professional designers and the people that are aware of the history of design may already be acquainted with this topic, students need to discuss it to come to agreement about the changes in the philosophy of design. To get the message across to the target audience, I intend to use the calligraphic typeface. The adoption of the specified typeface is bound to create the environment that invites people to participate in a conversation and express their opinions. Being not as stiff as brush scripts, the specified typeface does not seem unnatural, either, in contrast to the handwriting scripts. While the latter copy handwriting, which is pointless in its existence, the calligraphic typefaces help perfect the art of calligraphy by making the curves and lines geometrically impeccable and, therefore, harmonic. Seeing that harmony is the foundation of calligraphy (Carter, Meggs, & Day, 2014), it is assumed that, when rendered in a digital format, the text written in a calligraphic typeface will come impeccable. While it would be wrong to address the result as an art piece, since it will be computer-generated, it will still retain a touch of refinement and the impression of casualty. As a result, attracting the target audience and retaining it will be easier with the help of the specified typeface. A presentation made in Microsoft Office PowerPoint seems to be the most efficient tool for conveying the message in the specified case. The reason for choosing th
Introduction In their works, D. Kandiyoti, A. Sa’ar, and U. Narayan address three entirely different issues: the ways of coping with patriarchy, the isolation and loneliness of Israeli-Palestinian women, and the struggle of Third World feminist with the “Westernization” stigma, respectively. Nevertheless, all of the authors study the problems of women in traditional societies. The three scholars enable us to answer two essential questions: what challenges do women face when they do not fit into their societies’ gender standards and why are some women opposed to the struggle for women’s rights. Summarizing the Articles The three texts offered for the analysis, “Bargaining with Patriarchy” by Deniz Kandiyoti, “‘Westernization,’ Respect for Cultures and Third-World Feminists” by Uma Narayan, and “Lonely in Your Firm Grip: Women in Israeli-Palestinian Families” are, at the first glance, written on entirely different topics. However, the main points are similar. All of the works discuss the problem of women in the regions where traditional societies are predominant: North Africa, Middle East, South and East Asia. The authors use ethnographical data to support their reasoning: Kandiyoti reviews the literature on the state of women in North Asia, Muslim Middle East and South and East Asia; Sa’ar employs the results of her fieldwork, mentioning several ethnographic examples from Israeli-Palestinian familie
Introduction Organizations have put measures in place to enhance the achievement of equal employment opportunities. The strategy aims at eliminating barriers that prevent equal consideration of employees in the recruitment process and ensure that they have the opportunity to explore their potentials fully. The company applied diversity practices to initiate hiring on merit, fair treatment of employees at the workplace, flexible working conditions, and promotion based on individual capability. In addition, the firm employed other measures to ensure payment and rewards according to individual qualification and experience (Pager, 2009). Moreover, the company enhanced policies for human the resource’s department in to improve recruitment of the required labor force from the diverse population of many applicants. Employment in the Workplace Measures have been put in place to ensure maximum utilization of the available skills, energy, and creativity that strengthens employee involvement and increase the productivity of employees. The initiatives have enabled employees to give their best as well as having the ability to sustain their personal lives sufficiently. Organizations express their non-compliance to equal employment if they make distinction among candidates through preferences that deny employees equity in the work place. Employee equity is denied as the firm may be bias in recruitment based on race, age, and gender among others. Th
Introduction There are many different reasons for memorizing the year 2017. Personally, for me, this year was remarkable due to the release of one of my favorite animated stories, Beauty and the Beast. I heard about the idea of its filming in 2015 and got two years to use my imagination and think of the acting cast and their contributions to this true story about love and friendship. Then, I used all my opportunities and patience to buy the tickets and go to the cinema at the end of February. I have never regretted the money and time spent, and, even today, I am happy because of the number of emotions and pleasure I experienced that day. However, I was deeply surprised that some people found that movie starring Emma Watson (Belle) and Dan Stevens (the Beast) rather boring or predictable. In this essay, I would like to help those people who find Beauty and the Beast a failed or weak movie recognize its strengths and a high-quality combination of images, the content, and the staff. The Movie and the Story In 1991, the world first saw one of the most powerful and beautiful Disney’s animated movies, Beauty and the Beast . Although many people had already been impressed by such works as The Little Mermaid and Cinderella , Beauty and the Beast attracted people’s attention by high-quality animation, memorable songs, and a variety of funny characters. It was hard to imagine that this story could have another more successful continuation until Bill Condon made a decision to create a musical romantic fantasy movie of the same title. On the one hand, it seems to be easy to understand what to expect from such movies: a lot of music and songs, beautiful dresses, talking furniture, and powerful dialogues. On the other hand, it is always interesting and unpredictable to observe the vision of the same story from a new perspective. Some people adore this genre, and someone may stay skeptical. I belong to the first group and cannot even imagine that Beauty and the Beast are somewhere defined as Disney’s and Condon’s failure. Not to Compare but Enjoy I have always believed that people are free to rely on their personal opinions and judgments. No one can impose something unpleasant, unwanted, or undesirable on another person. However, I suddenly came across one online article, written by Ethan Daniel Zerbe, about why this movie failed. I changed my mind about the power of free will and was burning with a desire to use all my words and knowledge just in order to make that person take his words back. As it was expected, the author of the article belonged to that group of people who believed that retelling the same story is boring and useless. He was dissatisfied that “p
Time and Self Management Farris, D., 2002. Time management: An Exercise of Self Awareness. Workforce Journal , 31, 124-136. According to Farris (124), people do not manage time, but rather manage the use of it. Time cannot be expanded, reduced, stopped or altered and time can be seen as a subjective concept. According to Farris, time management involves planning, goal setting, organization and establishment of good study habit – this involves understanding of the dynamics of needs, motivation and goal-focused behaviour and the awareness of the circumstances to one’s self-development and optimal productivity – and eliminating bad working habits – this involves self-awareness, acknowledging the facts about oneself and self-mastery. Farris fundamentals of time management include; failure to plan and set objectives; failure to organize and create a work plan, that is, prioritizing activities, assigning necessary amount of time to each activity and gather resources, incorrectly assuming a correlation between a task’s importance and the time/efforts it will take to accomplish it, confusing activity with accomplishment, confusing efficiency with effectiveness, allowing things to pill up and letting oneself to be diverted from a goal or task. Contrarily, Farris argues that organization does not transform to effective working. Some people may be organized but they do not meet their goals. Being organized therefore means, the act of being functional while focusing on meeting of goals. Developing good study habits involves appreciating the dynamic of goal focused behaviour and circumstances that lead to one’s self optimal function. It involves understanding ways of motivation that will lead to self development and efficient achievement of goals. The strength of this article is that it brings out clearly the point on time management and how it is essential for an individual to observe both time and self-management, which add up to success. It also lays the qualities of good time management and the requisites for success. Nevertheless, the article can be critiqued in that it argues organisation cannot be equated to effective working whereas it is factual that a well organised person is able to organise or manage his time well while a disorganised person get his/her time priorities wrong. Also the article can be critiqued on that point that it does not differentiate time and stress management as Farris argues that stress management is the same as self management, but rather stress management usually involves the management of one self. It is more of self management rather than time management. People do not manage the issue or event; they manage their reaction to it. Basically, stress as the body’s total response to any demand place
Introduction The focal point of the paper is to prepare a report based on attendance at meeting of a self-help group. In this reaction paper, the group would be identified and details associated with the meeting would be provided. There would be a comparison of an attendance at the Christian oriented group with the experience of the secular oriented group. The Christian oriented group that was attended was held in St. Wilshire Community Church on Friday, 6 pm. It was a Christian Single Mom group. The majority of the mother’s in this class lost or was widowed from their husband’s in a traumatic way. The fundamental intention of this group was to give them hope through the learning of Christian faith. This group consisted of mainly women who were lively and caring for their children. It was inspiring to learn that though these women wet through unthinkable misery in life, they chose life and love over melancholy and were very optimistic. Main body His one-hour group was aligned towards Bible study but there were much individual inputs. Here, along with the learning of Christianity, the members shared their stories and inspired each other with their feelings. The environment was warm and welcoming and the essence of the conversation made every participant feel safe and protected. Person to person communication carried on even after the end of the study hour, as they were all comfortable with the surroundings. It was an environment that bridged personalities and all the women became very close. It was a family-like attachment and everybody shared her snacks. On the other hand, a secular group meeting was also attended. This group met at the St. Jude’s Medical Hospital, in Fullerton California on 14 th November 2008 at 9 pm. It was organized by the Open Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Meeting and was lead by Sam Jacobson. The focal point of the meeting was to help people who were suffering from substance abuse. It should be remembered that this was an open meeting anyone is welcome to attend as long as he does not disrupt the smooth process of the meeting that elaborates the consequences and different aspects of alcoholism in relation to one’s personal experiences. On there times, there are closed meetings and only people suffering from substance abuse and wish to quit this bad habit are allowed to enter the study. This was meeting that followed definite and rigid code of conduct and was directed by the leader or facilitator of the group in leading them on to start expressing their feelings on the subject, which Jacobson very tactfully steered through within the group. Conclusion It was clear fr
As a nurse practitioner, maintaining therapeutic communications with your patients is a very important aspect of achieving your goal. In some cases, communication problems may occur within the process of building a therapeutic relationship with a patient, which may determine the quality of care the nurse will give. To build a therapeutic relationship with your client, one also needs to be aware of themselves to be able to handle patients who have complex healthcare needs. A therapeutic nurse is responsible for the patient’s physical, spiritual, and emotional needs in which you will use your knowledge and skills to tell when the patient requires each. By providing these needs, the patient will gain your trust and this will lead them to be open and assume they are equal partners ending up achieving wellness (Gutiérrez-Puertas et al., 2020). The reason why many nurses advocate for a therapeutic relationship and communication is that this procedure is known to be productive and is very vital in the recovery process. Once trust is built between the patient and the care provider, one can understand the patients’ point of view, motives, and feelings. This equips the physician with a total understanding of the patient, hence, making it easier for treatment procedures. The nurse is also able to use the most effective strategies when handling the current issue. When one creates a good communication rapport with the client, the administration of service provided becomes easy and error-free. As much as we talk about the outcomes that are related to the positive therapeutic relationship, other outcomes are associated with a negative clinician-patient relationship. They include feeling dehumanized and increased psychological distress. Achieving therapeutic relationships and communication can be a challenging process that requires patience. When therapeutic communication is effective, it has positive effects to improved adherence to treatment, hence, increased rate in the healing process. Reference Gutiérrez-Puertas, L., Márquez-Hernández, V. V., Gutiérrez-Puertas, V., Granados-Gámez, G., & Aguilera-Manrique, G. (2020). Educational interventions for nursing students to develop communication skills with patients: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 17 (7), 2241. Web.