ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Deats, Richard L and Mary Jegen. Mahatma Gandhi: Nonviolent Liberator: A Biography. New York: New City Press, 2005. The book is a well structured chronological assessment of Mohandas Gandhi’s life from his childhood as an aspiring lawyer up to his untimely death. The author symbolizes nonviolent movements and peaceful deeds. The book summarizes Mahatma’s life as follows; Gandhi founded several movements and groups. He came up with a nonviolent resistance in one major movement, which he initiated to fight against the requirement to register all Indian immigrants. Gandhi’s movement had a huge following and helped to spread his visionary messages. The first diplomatic movement used by Gandhi led to his two-month imprisonment by Christian Smuts, a general based in South Africa. As an act of love, he made sandals for the general during his imprisonment. His movements received a remarkable attention all over the world, particularly Europe. Gandhi returned back to India after 21 years in South Africa. He exhibited determination in his attempt to continue with the work he had started in India. This work was meant to eradicate the Caste system which was discriminating and regarded disadvantaged individuals as social misfits. He also made attempts to restore peace among the Muslim and Hindu Indians. He led the famous Salt march as an assertion of defiance against England’s declaration of monopolizing salt production. In the book, the authors quote Louis Fischer, another famous biographer of Gandhi (Deats & Jegen 65). Gandhi was succeeding in his war for independence using purely nonviolent ways. Most of the methods used by Gandhi to oppose discrimination were characterized by interventions such as fasting. The method worked to provoke negotiations with the opposing parties. Gandhi was assassinated in1948 by militants professing the Hindu religion. His assassination came after a fating session meant to protest against the conflict between Muslims and Hindu adherents. The Hindus were infuriated by Gandhi’s actions and many of them considered him a traitor for sympathizing with their rivals, the Muslims. Gandhi’s legacy, compassion messages, nonviolent methods for demonstration, and quest for freedom have largely impacted the contemporary society. In the light of this, there has emerged movements using Gandhi’s principles and approaches to address discrimination and violation of human rights. Through a concise and comprehensive biography, the authors of this book have revealed important points regarding the life of Gandhi. The book touches on important events in the life of Gandhi from his early years. These events were imperative in converting him into the legend that he finally became. The authors excellently depict and emphasize principles founded by Gandhi. Furthermore, the authors have articulated philosophies preached and advocated by Gandhi. However, the book lacks a detailed explanation of how Gandhi manages
Mediation and Moderator Conceptual Differences Mediation and moderator differences are thought to be particularly important in refining research theories and testing casual hypothesis. To ensure their terms are not applied interchangeably, Wu and Zumbo (2008) analysis provide specific theoretical concepts and data experiments appropriate for providing territorial constructs of distinguishing their casual relationships. First, Wu and Zumbo (2008) define mediator as “a third variable that links a cause and an effect” (p.2). This clearly explains the difference between a cause and an effect. Wu and Zumbo (2008) further explain that “mediation analysis seeks to identify the intermediary process that leads from the independent variable to the dependent variable” (p.3). This simply means that in mediation, the mediators take two roles; one side being the mediator (dependent variable X) and the other side being the independent variable. Wu and Zumbo (2008) further explain that by employing mediation concept, further research will be required to establish a relationship between a mediator and the meditating variable. They further give an example of a drug abuse prevention program where they argue that independent variable such as treatment or control is dependent on drug offer- which affects the outcome of a drug resistant. Secondly, mediation concept requires establishment of a mediating variable and a criteria variable. This simply means that in cases of theoretical conceptualization levels (where a person is used as the basis unit of analysis), psychological analysis regard mediators as properties of a person that processes between a stimulus and a response (input variables). Wu and Zumbo (2008) mediator’s definition is not limited to individualistic approach but rather broadens its scope by providing theoretical hypothesis that explains how one variable affects the other. In summary, mediation definition is constructed on social psychology where group levels are highly emphasized. This is explained by a group of organization researchers found in Wu and Zumbo (2008) article that link moderation to territorial constructs of cohesiveness, conflict, norms and groupthink. This very concept is in principle capable of rigorous tests at group levels. For example, Wu and Zumbo (2008) article attempts to “support a mediator interpretation of cohesiveness using a strategy combining experimental manipulation with casual modeling” (p.3). Moderators concept, on the other hand, describes ‘when’ particular events occur and for ‘whom’ they are connected to. Wu and Zumbo (2008) define moderators as “independent variable strongly (or weakly) causes a dependent variable” (p.4). Here, moderator is explained to moderate a course or direction to which a study is directed at -which is either positive or negative of a casual relationship. Mediation research, on the other hand, is more inclined in the mechanism (where it employs variati
The speaker is also the writer of the poem as he does use the word I to identify himself. It is not possible to know from this poem what the time period might be. It seems rather timeless. The language is not very abstract; in fact, it is rather vivid. It is not difficult to understand the context of what he is saying. The word choice is generally conversational. The tone of the poem does change from the beginning to the end. In the beginning, the writer is just telling us what happened, and he only got a glimpse of the dog’s body, but as the poem goes on and his dad brings him home to bury, sadness creeps into the story. He is able to use the tone of the poem and the fact that there are many things to talk about other than the dog to distance himself. It, for example, is easier to say “twined with another odor heavier still” than to talk about the fact that the dog was dead, and he could tell from the smell. The tension comes from the fact that he knows that is his dog, but he really does not want to see it too close, and the dog has been missing for five days, so now he knows where he is. If he doesn’t notice too much, he won’t be really sad, but all that changes when dad brings him home. The reader has some tension because the visualization of the dog is actually pretty clear. We know the flies have been on him a few days, and we know his tongue is missing. It is not hard to imagine from the description of what he looks like. In fact, if you have ever been around a dead animal, you can almost smell him. He does not tell us about some of the images, such as the purification of the maggots from the flies. Something happened that we do not know about. Something that makes the writer feel guilty. When he says, “I dreamt the past was never past redeeming,” he is saying that he will not be forgiven for something. Is it because his dog died? Maybe, but it seems that it is something else. He just didn’t do everything his dog
Challenges will always emerge in different situations and environments. In the field of healthcare, medical professionals and caregivers should be in a position to monitor emerging issues and utilize powerful approaches to address them. Nurse practitioners (NPs) also encounter diverse predicaments whenever providing evidence-based services to their respective patients. Such developments might make it impossible for them to meet the changing demands of different individuals or achieve their aims. Additionally, complex scenarios tend to emerge that require evidence-based decision-making procedures. Unfortunately, the importance of this process or approach is something that many professionals in nursing continue to ignore. Within the past four decades, organizational leaders in hospitals and units have been the ones involved in every aspect of decision-making (3. Jalali & Shaemi, 2015). This gap or problem has continued to make it impossible for health professionals and nurses to address issues that might affect care delivery procedures. This term paper borrows numerous ideas from the world of business and applies them in the field of nursing to streamline decision-making processes, guide team members, and transform the nature of care delivery models. The identified framework is the OODA (observe-orient-decide-act) loop that has continued to make a difference in many organizations (1. Blankenship, 2016). This model can guide NPs and clinicians to engage in practices that have the potential to support both group and individual decision-making. This model is applicable in different settings to deliver meaningful results. For example, a team providing inpatient services to several patients can utilize this approach to monitor the situation experienced in the targeted unit (see Figure 1). This will be followed by orientation whereby the involved individuals or person examines the available data and information and consider existing evidence before making the most appropriate decision (2. Ellis, 2017). The third stage will be to decide and then act according to the formulated approach. This example indicates that the members of the team can collaborate to identify the best approaches to delivering exemplary medical services. Figure 1: OODA Loop (7. Riedel, 2016). The OODA Loop model is also applicable in team settings when the involved participants are planning to propose new approaches for transforming communication, improving performance, and engaging one another. The cultural, religious, and personal philosophies can be critical to develop the best group policy (2. Ellis, 2017). Such a model can, therefore, deliver desirable outcomes in teams focusing on the health demands of different patients. Basic Termino
The World War I was one of the greatest challenges for humanity. The war brought to the fore various issues which had been in the air in the end of the nineteenth century and in the beginning of the twentieth century. Of course, the World War I was not the only reason for the development of nationalism in Germany. However, it is considered to be one of the major reasons for the rise of nationalism in Germany which resulted in the World War II, which was the most devastating war in the history of humanity. German nationalism, Nazism, is also often regarded as “one of the key ingredients in the totalitarian ideologies and systems that emerged in post-World War I Germany” (Conversi 166). The ideas developed in the first part of the twentieth century shaped the world considerably. In the first place, it is necessary to consider the development of nationalism in Europe in the end of the nineteenth century. Darwinism played a very important role in the development of nationalism at that period. The ideas of superiority and combat prevailed in Europe at that time (Sondhaus 28). Notably, such countries as Germany and Italy had rather specific vision. Those were distorted nations which only sought for unification. As far as Germany is concerned, Otto von Bismarck made a great thing and created a strong empire (Spohn 60). Nonetheless, this unification had some negative effects. Thus, German people started believing in their superiority. The legend of the great nation was created in the end of the twentieth century (Chirot 42). Thus, it is possible to state that unification of the nation, the development of sciences made many people believe in ideas of nationalism. Importantly, the development of industries and technology can be regarded as one of the potent factors that contributed to the rise of nationalism in Germany. The nation’s advances were regarded as evidence of the nation’s power and superiority. Therefore, the World War I was a logical continuation of Germany’s policies. The World War I was initiated by such nations as Germany and Austria- Hungary. Historians note that German people were in fear of other nations and such forces as Catholicism or socialism (Chirot 42). German nationalism of that period was a distorted ideology which made people start a war to defend themselves from
Pfizer Canada is a leading healthcare organization that aims at promoting healthy working conditions for its employees. It was honored for offering a balanced and comfortable workplace to its employees by the National Quality Institute in 2009. It has an integrated fitness program called VIVA which assists the employees in various ways of their lives. They are assisted in their nutrition, management of stress, and getting a balance between their life and work. VIVA has health plans which are individualized to assist their employees to get steps towards life and health which are sustainable. They have classes of workplace fitness and also services. Pfizer has managed to develop their employees both physically and psychologically and, they become more motivated which has led to increased productivity and creativity (Kirkland par. 3-6). InnoVisions Canada Telework Consultants is a telecommunication company. Being a leading company, it aims at retaining its staff to ensure that they do not lose their best workers. They provide a favorable environment and ensure that they compensate them well. They use time-shifting to ensure that their workers work in the shift they are comfortable. These benefits both the managers and employees since it offers flexibility ensuring that expenses are reduced and, that the resources available are utilized optimally. This way, the workers are able to get time for their lives and to work. The service quality, morale, and lifestyle of employees are saved. They are also given training sessions on how to manage problems experienced in their workplace. This gives the workers a session to raise their views and express their opinion on the areas they feel they are not comfortable (Bob par. 1-2). The Institute of Public Administration provides an integrated forum for all public servants and networking. Since it is a public institution, it has a lot of people who are diverse and the Institution has adopted a strategy to ensure that it assists its employees in the management of stress. They use the brain fit programs so that they are able to reduce the resources they lose due to absenteeism, poor customer care and production. These programs assist employees in their homes and at work. They become sharp mentally and flexible when doing their work. They are able to handle any crisis that comes their way in a better way and this has enabled the institution to reduce the sick days taken by workers. The performance of the employees also improves and the disabilities caused by stress are avoided. Lay-offs become fewer and thus, the Institutions attains a high retention rate (Brain Consulting Inc. par. 7) All the programs used by these companies are different but, they have the same aim and results. They are able to assist the employees to reduce and manage their stress both at work and at home. All the programs are aimed at increasing the productivity of their workforce, retention, and the capitalization of the resources. There is nothing unusual in these programs b
Description of Case Europa Labs are research laboratories which belong to Europa Technologies. They are located at Silicon Valley area of California in the United States. The lab contains four major departments which are classified into Software and computer science, Chemistry, Physical sciences and Mathematical sciences which work together in some research projects and sometimes independently. In their articles, Choe and Herman (2004) indicated that the labs grew from a small laboratory affiliated to a university in California. Initially the laboratory was being used by the university before Europa Technologies acquired and expanded its facilities. In 1980s, the Labs had just over 20 members of staff. The number grew to over 200 by 2002. The members of staff included research personnel, human resource administrators, subordinates and system administrators. Even though the number of workers increased, researches undertaken by the department reduced. During its inception, the laboratory focused mainly on foundation and basic areas of scientific studies. Subjects such as mathematics, physical science and engineering, chemistry and computing were focused more. The focus shifted gradually to multi-disciplinary research involving multiple fields (Choe and Herman, 2004). I joined the company about three years ago. I was immediately assigned research duties relevant to my experience and training. Being a last minute hire, I took the available opportunity to work with colleagues from other departments other than mine because I did not have sufficient work. Issues being discussed by members of staff in every departments I worked with were surprising. There were constant complaints about the Eurica Labs’ working conditions and the director’s leadership style. Most members said distribution of duties and assignments was unfair and was not reflected in remunerations. Since I was new to the organization, I did not alienate potential friends. After being in the company for a while, I knew that Eurica Labs was
Introduction In 2005, the Australian Medical association (AMA) prepared a position paper which discussed in detail some of the major challenges confronting men’s health (O’Kane et al., 2008). In the position paper, the AMA clearly outlined the need for particular subgroups to be accorded greater attention by policy-makers and healthcare workers aimed at assisting them to meet their most basic health needs. Available literature reveals that men suffer more mental strain, alcohol and substance dependency, obesity, workplace-related accidents, and physical inactivity (Schofield, 2008). In addition, men are more exposed to all the major risk dynamics for many of the chronic ailments widespread in Australia (O’Kane et al., 2008), thus the need to develop a holistic commonwealth policy on men’s health aimed at addressing the above health issues. The Australian government is yet to fully formalize a national policy on men’s health despite renewed commitment towards its development by consecutive governments (Woods, 2005). Such a policy, however, is long overdue since available literature has demonstrated the unique health needs that men face. The main objective of enacting this policy, according to Schofield (2008), would be to establish a framework that would allow stakeholders to take a unique approach to interventions aimed at improving the health and wellbeing of men of different ages, education, family, socioeconomic, and ethnic backgrounds (Woods, 2005). Problems Identified The state and importance of men’s health, globally, is a weighty public health concern. In spite of the pressure coming from the WHO that all state-wide health policies should take into consideration the unique needs of both men and women through the formalization and enactment of ‘gender mainstreaming’, and enhanced attention to men’s health (Smith et al., 2009), Australia is yet to implement gendered policy initiatives towards the same. According to the authors, “the absence of men’s health policies…has severely limited the capacity to develop well-coordinated national programmes that meet the health needs of men and their families” (p. 427). Currently, the need to develop a holistic nation-wide policy on men’s health is becoming clearer due to a myriad of problems facing men, including higher mortality rates, behavioral factors related to disease, injury, and drug dependence, and the perceived men’s disinclination to seek health assistance (Smith et al., 2009). Various stakeholders, including the popular press, have reacted to men’s health problems by assuming a neo-liberal perspective that persuades men, at an individual level, to demonstrate greater responsibility with respect to their own health by valorizing specific hegemonic masculine attributes such as risk taking and sexual potency with the aim to advance a conformist reflection of what the ‘healthy male body’ should constitut
Security problems described in the case study One of the security issues associated with cloud computing is that it distributes work over many data centers around the globe to enable easy data accomplishment. As a result, people who try to use the cloud may not know where data is being hosted and may not know the country where the data is stored. The other security issue associated with cloud computing is that its dispersed nature makes it difficult to track unauthorized activities. There is need to ensure that data stored in other devices that store other companies’ data are encrypted in the same way that other providers use encryption. Companies that rely on cloud softwares are also vulnerable as the software provider and there is need to ensure this vulnerability is dealt with (Cervo, 2011). People, organizations and technology factors that contribute to these problems Furthermore, there are laws restricting where a company is allowed to send and store certain types of information. These include employment of certain encryption algorithms that companies are required to meet. These regulations also require that a proof be made regarding the security of systems by independent confirmation through independent auditing. Cloud providers services are not provided all time during the day or the week. This is contrary to the expectation that companies expect their systems to be operational 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. For instance, subscribers suffered outage effects in January 2009 while they needed to the data to communicate with their customers (Jill, 2008). In addition, businesses using applications for small business operations were unable to access these services for two consecutive days in June 2010 because of power outage. A technological factor that contributes to these problems is the need to ensure costs are minimized and money saved. As a result, computing providers have distributed the work to data centers in many