ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Many philosophers have been concerned with the identity of an object whose considerable part has been replaced gradually. Whereas some argue that the object retains its identity, others argue that the object loses the identity and it is no longer the same object. This paper will focus on the object identity and the three identity assumptions will be utilized in defining the identity of an object. Theseus Paradox The ship of Theseus has a philosophical issue or paradox which is generally referred to as the Theseus paradox. The main bone of contention lies in ascertaining whether an object whose all parts have been changed by way of replacement deserves to be identified as the same object. Many philosophers have tried to address the issue and take different stands. Some argue that the objects is still the same even after the replacement while others argue that the object is no longer fundamentally the same after the changes. The genesis of the question began when a ship (Theseus ship) had all the wooden parts changed and replaced by others (Benovsky, 2006). Some of the philosophers who have tried to address the paradox include Plato, Heraclitus, Socrates and the most popular is Plutarch. The Theseus paradox has many variations as each philosopher tries to address the issue and solve the problem. According to Plutarch ((Blair, 2006)), the paradox originated from Greek legend “The ship wherein Theseus and the youth of Athens returned [from labyrinth in Crete] had thirty oars, and was preserved by
Introduction The process of socialization plays an essential role in a person’s development and growth. As soon as a child is able to recognize rules and standards, parents improve their understanding of their social roles and skills that have to be enhanced. As a rule, this education contains such generally accepted norms as “boys do not cry”, “be strong as a man”, or “be like a girl”. It means that, from early childhood, people learn how to be divided regarding their genders and focus on their expected abilities respectfully. Masculinity is deeply rooted in society, and it is hard to understand if it is necessary to consider such an attitude as a problem or how to deal with it. This essay is not just a manifestation of masculinity as gender oppression but an attempt to investigate existing stereotypes and inequalities, evaluate a mental health perspective, and clarify what improvements can be offered with time. Personal Experience Gender roles, masculinity, and feminism are frequently discussed topics in modern society. In my family, gender relationships are not as provocative as some people may think. Still, such qualities as respect for parents, the power of men, and maternal kindness to her children cannot be ignored. I always know that my mother is ready to listen to me and support my endeavors, and my father provides me with the necessary male advice or financial help. However, sometimes, I would like to know that both my parents can interchange their responsibilities, and I may discuss some personal concerns with my father without questioning my masculinity. I totally agree with Beaulieu (2017), who believed that toxic masculinity hurts not just women but men as well. I do not want to complain that society, where I live, is imperfect. In fact, I am totally fine with the idea that gender differences make this world better and more interesting. What I say is that socially driven silence based on gender oppression and masculinity should never negatively influence the quality of life, and it is normal to strive for social changes, improvements, and reconsiderations. Male Stereotypes Despite multiple intentions to change the world and remove gender inequalities in different countries, there are certain male and female stereotypes that are hard to neglect. The researchers and writers with different background knowledge support the dominant idea that masculinity should encourage male risk-taking, sexual conquest, emotional control, and self-reliance (Beaulieu, 2017; Stępień, 2017). These are the most common male stereotypes that rule the world and define social relationships. If a person needs protection and physical assistance, it is expected to address a man for some help. If emotional support is required, not many people be
Introduction The scientific revolution of the 17 th century paved the way for the application of science in virtually all fields of human endeavor, thereby drawing a line of demarcation between the previous world order and the following centuries of rapid progress. The societal progression instigated by scientific breakthroughs of the century was catalyzed by the efforts of scientists such as Galileo, Tycho, and Kepler who brought to cognizance new scientific arenas. The aim of this paper is to discuss the development of science in the 17 th century. It will argue that by virtue of changing the world in several important respects the most important of which is the substantial cultural transformation, science became a revolutionary force in the 17 th century. Discussion Previous Developments Before starting the discussion of the role of the science in the creation of the modern world, it is necessary to state that no scientific discovery of the 17 th century became a watershed moment that was powerful enough to divide two historical eras—the Middle Ages and the age of reason. Rather, it was a collective effort in the scientific inquiry based on earlier observations of the natural world (Cole et al. 384). For example, by observing and charting the skies with the ever-increasing precision, the astrologers of the later Middle Ages set the groundwork for the Copernican revolution: the Ptolemaic universe described by the 16 th -century thinkers was essential for the development of the Copernican universe (Cole et al. 388). Prior to the scientific revolution, the natural world was treated as God’s creation; therefore, driven by religious zeal, many thinkers of the 16 th century wanted to find proofs of God’s perfection in nature, which resulted in the development of mathematics and other branches of science (Cole et al. 384). The Heliocentric Model of the Universe The development of the heliocentric or the Copernican model of the universe was an important event in the broad range of scientific discoveries that helped to change the cultural spirit of the century. The model not only undermined the previous conception of the universe but it also set in motion the work of scientists such as Tycho and Kepler. Their observations became a basis for Galileo’s discoveries that undermined “the authority of scriptural passages” (Cole et al. 391) that was never challenged before with a reasonable degree of success. It can be argued that the unwillingness to defer to accepted dogmas in an attempt to arrive at alternative interpretations of reality was a veritable revolutionary act. New Philosophy The 17 th century marked the emergence of a new philosophy. In Europe, thinkers such as Bacon and Descartes heralded the arrival of a radically different perspective on the pursuit of knowledge. Whereas
In health facilities, there are some marketing approaches adopted by the facilities to ensure they get an increased number of patients, to increase their revenue or to promote quality medical services among the community members. Veteran hospitals have their main target patients’ veterans of any nation in the world and to some extent their families, they offer medical services and burial services among others (Nelson, Weeks & Campfield, 2008). To reach the veterans, the company has an effective marketing plan as follows. Veterans Affairs marketing strategy To reach veterans, the facilities use a direct method of marketing, they pass through the state government of different countries to establish those people who fought for the country and then take care of their health conditions. Other than the government, the facilities work with nongovernmental organizations that reach out to the veterans and speaking a word of hope to them. Other then reaching to those people who need the medication, the facility works with the existing patients to reach other people who might be known by the current population to be suffering and they qualify to be under the system. In some instances, especially when they want to pass some information to the target market on issues like pension, burials, and allowances, they use local medical and the internet. The facility also adopt an indirect marketing approach, under this system, the facility engages in numerous community activities like training on health improvement, establishing health
Introduction The aim of the paper is to design a compensation plan for the sales force of an engineering company that mostly entails in B2B sales. The company had posted high sales in 2006-07 but with the recession, sales had gone down. Apart from declining sales another problem that the firm faces was attracting, retaining, and motivating the frontline sales team of the company. Therefore, a need arose in order to restructure the sales force compensation plan, which comprises the largest employee structure of the company in order to motivate and retain salespeople maintaining the budget of the company. Further, with economy showing a continuous slowdown, most companies are looking at revamping their compensation structure. The design of the compensation plan is for a B2B sales force. The sales people are the ones who are more aware and close to the customers than the company. In designing the sales compensation plan for a B2B sales force, the first step would be to identify the key responsibility areas (KRA) of the salespersons. Key Responsibility Areas One of the primary factors affecting the performance of a salesperson is his ability to be a good team player: “…good teamwork is a determinant factor in winning sales and building long-term partnering relationships” . Distribution of financial incentives to a sales team is a crucial concern among managers; therefore, one important decision for compensation planners is to decide (a) how much remuneration is to depend on performance, and (b) how the financial benefits should be distributed among the team members. For instance, distribution of awards can be based on either individual performance or the performance of the sales team. In order to decide on the type of the sales force, first the key responsibilities of the sales people must be ascertained. The key responsibilities of sales people in the organization and their reporting pattern is delineated as follows:  1. Primary responsibility will be to effectively utilize the company’s sales strategy and make sure that the revenue and profit objectives by creation of small, mid-size and large accounts.  2. Generation of new customer accounts for the company is another primary task of the sales person.  3. The salesperson will follows target oriented sales quota and he will be responsible to fulfill the quota through relationship building with customers’ and multi-level decision-makers through various sales strategies such as direct mailing, person-to-person interaction, direct phone calling, etc.  4. Maintain database and MIS of customers and on field maintain a direct relationship and contact with the new and old customers.  5. Understanding the requirement of the customer
Introduction Modernization theories are widely applied to the explanation of modernization processes within society. This term is frequently used to denote the transition from the ‘traditional’ way of life to a ‘modernized’ one. Therefore, there are numerous reasons to examine the problems of underdeveloped or still developing countries and explore their issues. Modernization theories concern a wide range of topics: economic, political, and others. One of the significant problems, such as countries, specifically the African ones, face is the adequate medication supply. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the communication of health in the countries of Africa and the influence of modernization theory on the issue. Modernization Nowadays, the concept of modernity represents a general notion. It is conditioned by the experience of western cultures on other ones that are economically, culturally, or politically underdeveloped. All the global countries are disapproved of modernity. According to the philosophical notion, the post-war years imposed a concept of international communication that was supposed to develop third-world countries and subsequently modernize them. The idea of global communication was supposed to spread among the developing and underdeveloped countries, offering them transformation from traditional societies to modern ones with the spread of new technologies and norms. Moreover, it was utilized to promote the norms, standards, and foundations of the politically and economically developed countries. Modernization is a highly arguable topic as its definition encompasses numerous factors such as social systems, economic and governmental structures, human resources, education, and health issues. The financial definition of the concept defines modernization as a transition from traditional, agriculturally based societies to societies that are based on trade and industry (Atabong, 2019). Some sources suggest that modernization on the societal level exists under the following assumptions: the future is predetermined and will develop on its own, economics should be the prevalent force. Furthermore, there are the following assumptions: the individual stands on the top over family and community; communities can exist regardless of the moral stances, which is generally considered as a degraded traditional society. Modernization is thought to be an inevitable process for any country. The proofs of its growth are found within the rural communities that somehow come down to the transition. Proponents of modernization assert that the process brings about educational advancement, positive and flexible attitude towards life, its concepts, and other spheres of everyday activities, and social and geographic mobility. There are, however, opponents to modernization. They claim that modernization provides a descri
The seven elements of the brewer Security Matrix are as follows:   * organizational cyber compliance can be enhanced through the following elements   * Identification-assist in detecting the compliance level of an organization   * Authentication-refers to the process of establishing the suitability of control measures   * Authorization-important in executing commands of a system   * Access Control-regulating the ease with each a system can be accessed   * Administration-management of the compliance system   * Auditing-carrying our appraisal of the system   * Assessment-evaluating whether an organization has fully complied The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2003 helps with internal controls and reporting by enhancing corporate transparency. It was enacted and adopted as an accountability la to corporations when reporting ( Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2009). The Act compels organizations to give the most accurate and precise company reports and if they fail to do so, they are held liable for poor reporting. Therefore, this piece of legislation greatly assists in improving the state of internal controls through accurate reporting. Audit reports and even those capturing data on cybersecurity compliance are under check courtesy of the Act. Knowledgebase and inference engine are the two critical components of an expert system. However, it is worthy to note that both components utilize artificial intelligence platform. When it comes to internal controls and reporting in cybersecurity, facts and rules are required and therefore must be used (Göztepe, 2012). The latter is generated from the knowledge base component of the expert system. Thereafter, the known facts are fed with the rules based on the information gathered from the inference engine. Also, there are instances when debugging capabilities and descriptions may be part and parcel of inference engines. The high cost of operation stands out as the main disadvantage of expert systems in security reporting and controls. For instance, any expert system should be managed by a team of well-trained professionals. Besides, such systems consume a lot of time before the final reports can be eventually generated. However, An expert system improves the capabilities of an organization to run resilient, dependable information and communication platforms. Better still; expert systems can swiftly counter complex cyberspace threats in addition to ensuring secure access to cyberspace (Whitman & Mattord, 2011). Two main measurement approaches used in internal cyber controls include the time of detection of a threat and time before internal fines are executed. This implies that time metric is a crucial measurement that cannot be ignored at all when monitoring and generally managing internal cyber control. Cyber compliance requires the fulfillment of certain standards and performance targets (Darius & Valdas, 2012). In other words, compliance does not come at a cheap cost. In any case, the safety of organizations largely depends on the compliance standards and performance goals that have
The provided article is an effective tool for action calling as the author integrates many communicative techniques. Mizner starts her writing by introducing the reader to the lives of indigenous people harvesting rice. Then, she slowly begins to demonstrate the environmental and humanitarian problems caused by the industrial company. Throughout the work, she also uses active voice to strengthen her communication and keep it concise. In addition, in the article, the author uses data from environmental workers and scientists about the consequences of building pipelines in northern Minnesota. She emphasizes the vast effect of Enbridge’s actions on the local land and the Anishnaabe people. The motivation behind composing correspondence is to get the reader’s consideration and make the statement clear. The writer assists the reader with understanding their point of view on a subject. An individual might need to utilize words like gain, asset, backing, or support to arrive at social change and shape the reader’s attitude. These can assist with engaging the way that they have something to provide to get a change going. The words such as ‘blockades,’ ‘strikes,’ ‘protests,’ and ‘direct appeals’ are highlighted to illustrate the people’s reaction to the current situation and the significance of the issue (Mizner, 2021). Lastly, Mizner (2021) includes the quotes from the indigenous dwellers of the affected area where their feelings are well-integrated to invoke the readers’ emotions. For instance, by the end of the article, the author adds the words of the member of protestors stating, “It’s a big web of life, and we can’t let a foreign company invade our habitat” (Mizner, 2021). This line helps Mizner to influence the reader to become imbued with feelings for the Anishnaabian situation. Reference Mizner, L. S. (2021). Enbridge’s Line 3 is putting wild rice at risk-and indigenous water protectors are taking a stand . Civil Eats. Web.
Introduction Since every human being is born free and equal in dignity as well as rights, the right of every human living on this planet ought to be respected at all costs. For the success of the society that we live in to be realized, every one of us should treat each other equally without any discrimination. Treating each other without discrimination distinguishes us from animals. One of the infamous abuses of human rights is the practice of human trafficking, which has become prevalent in the current society. This is because in many places in the world, several individuals are currently living in bondage. They tirelessly carry out various duties in industries under threat of violence, imprisoned in homes as domestic workers, or work as prostitutes under instructions from their bosses. Human trafficking enslaves individuals from all races, ages and they are forced to stay in deplorable conditions. This paper discusses the prevalence of this highly unrecognized, yet dangerous, epidemic in the world. Definition of human rights and trafficking Human rights are an important part in the understanding of the concept of justice. Since justice means fairness, the upholding of the rights of a person involves justice. For humanness, justice is important; therefore, the act denying justice to a person is equivalent to denying the person his or her human rights. It is important to note that human rights advocate for the sustenance of the dignity and status of individuals. Human rights mean, “the affirmation of a dignified life to each individual and it involves showing love, humanness, and just relationship” (Sttiphan, 9). By the fact that a person is a human, he or she is bequeathed with various rights that ought to be respected; therefore, the rights are considered in a universalist and democratic style. Human rights are usually present as common standards of conduct of real human morals or as legal rights within the local regulations of a particular country or within the international law. They may also be present as validated moral standards or natural rights substantiated by means of provable reasons. Currently, human trafficking is a multibillion-dollar-a-year industry that is increasingly becoming a major social problem in the twenty-first century. It is the “recruitment, transportation, or receipt of people for the purposes of slavery, forced labor, or involuntary servitude” (Zastrow, 301). The individuals are usually deceived, lured, coerced, force-fed with drugs, intimidated or forcefully abducted to their new destinations where they face various forms of inhumane treatments. After recruitment, the victims are usually compelled to fulfill various duties with minimal or no wages. The terms of employment are usually very exploitative. Although most nations have outlawed this practice, it is still being practiced and it is kept highly secretive. The practice of human trafficking is not the same with the smuggling of individuals since in smuggling, individuals willingly ask for the service of the smuggler, who is paid for his or her efforts, and the victims become free on arriv