ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction During the American War of Independence, women served in the Continental army along with men. However, female participation is a complicated topic to study: it is not as documented as the male one, not to mention that a lot of female soldiers hid their gender. Our knowledge about the involvement of black women is more than fragmentary. Women served as camp followers, soldiers, or militiawomen. Female participation in the military was a serious ethical problem for those times, which had hard consequences for the servicewomen, but such attitude was entirely normal for the 18th century. Number and Race John Rees claims that the percentage of women in the Continental Army was around 3% (Rees, 1995, par. 2), but the actual number is hard to find out since some women were disguised as men, and a lot of females may be unrecorded. The personalities known to us are mostly white, but black women’s participation is also documented (Moore, 1991, p. 366). Three Categories of Women Three groups of women serving in the Continental army can be named: camp followers, enlisted women, and militia warriors (Grant De Pauw, 1981, p. 209). The first category is the camp followers, whose duties were cooking, nursing, and doing laundry. Camp followers were seeking safety and employment (Colonial Williamsburg, n.d., par. 2) or were soldiers’ wives (Skaine, 1999, p. 52). They regarded their work as their social responsibility and patriotic duty. Although they were not exactly military, I mention this category for two reasons. First, the options available to women in the military were limited at those times. Second, the army could hardly function without them. Some women managed to disguise themselves as men and enlist in the military. Among them is the famous Deborah Sampson, who is often praised by historians and patriots. We must understand, however, that she is a lucky example since when discovered, she was honorably discharged. A lot of other discovered women faced dishonor and punishment for enlisting. The women, who joined the militia, fought on an irregular basis, joining militia whenever the safety of their area was threatened (Grant De Pauw, 1981, p. 209). However, it is important to know that militia activity is not well-documented, so we do not know much about them. Ethical Problem Not surprisingly for the 18th century, female participation in the Army was an ethical problem. George Washington was not fond of their involvement and ordered to get rid of those, who “is not absolutely necessary” (Rees, 1995, par. 10). Discovered female soldiers could even be jailed. Nevertheless, it is necessary to take into account that the standards significantly differed back then, and for that time such a reaction was normal. Conclusi
One of the defining characteristics of man is that he is constantly striving to achieve more and become a success both in his eyes and in the eyes of his community. One of the ways through which human beings increase their likelihood at succeeding is by coming up with success strategies. Harper reveals that a common factor among successful people is that they all possess success strategies which they utilize to turn their dreams and ambitions into a reality. Considering the fact that I personally intend to become a successful person, I have come up with a personal philosophy of success which shall be composed of various success strategies that I deem as important. In this essay, I shall define the success strategies that I have discovered and which I intend to use in the coming years to achieve success. One of the success strategies that I have incorporated in my personal philosophy is flexibility. Flexibility entails being open to changing course when it is not possibly to proceed in the current manner or when the current course of action is not producing the desirable results. Rochford goes on to declare that one of the signs of a great person is flexibility. In my past, I have adopted a rigid stance and acted as though my goals were cast in stone. This has resulted in unnecessary disappointment and failure when it was very apparent that my actions were not achieving results. By adopting this strategy, I can avoid such occurrences since I will at all times realize that things do not always go as I have planned in life and I may be forced to adopt different plans in the course of realizing my goals. Another strategy that I have come up with is that I need to set my own goals according to my own passions and ambitions and not my family’s. In the past, I have always compared my activities with those of my family members and have in fact used this as the yardstick for measuring how well I was fairing. With my newly formulated personal philosophy of success, I realize that I have been confining myself and greatly limiting my chances of success by seeking to fill in the mould that has been cast for me by my family. Harper asserts that living one’s passions is more important than pleasing one’s family and friends (1). With this realization, I shall set out to do the best I can for myself regardless of the goals set out for me by others. Another important strategy that I have included to my personal philosophy is being focused on my future goals. Rochford reveals that one can always impact their future positively by being focused and persistent (9). This is because being focused
The emergence of scientific evidence on the effects of the main chemical components in marijuana has initiated a metamorphosis of the perception of marijuana as a drug that warrants legalization due to its medical and socioeconomic benefits. The supporters and opponents of the legalization of marijuana have opted to focus on either the positive or the negative aspects of the effects of the drug to support their views on policies to legalize or criminalize the drug. The US Congress passed laws that placed marijuana in the Schedule 1 of the controlled substances in 1972. A significant number of states in the US, 21 out of 50, have adopted laws to legalize the medical use of marijuana. The essay analyzes the rationale for the support of the legalization of marijuana for medical use and the rationale for the counter argument. The ability of marijuana components to alleviate symptoms associated with medical conditions such as cancer, AIDS, pain, epilepsy and glaucoma has prompted increased support for laws that allow the use of medical marijuana. Reports and studies from renowned medical personnel and organizations highlight the significance of harnessing marijuana’s main components, THC and CBD, to treat various medical conditions. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) helps to relieve pain by mimicking compounds such as dopamine and anandamide, which occur naturally in the human brain. Clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of THC in the treatment of spasticity due to sclerosis and spinal cord injury (Brashear & Elovic, 2011). The compound has had satisfactory levels of success in reducing pain, tremor and ataxia in patients (Columbus, 2005). THC helps in the treatment of glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure by about 30 percent (ElSohly, 2007). Cannabidio
Triple bottom line Triple bottom line approach introduces a new method of measuring the company’s performance, which “has become increasingly fashionable in management, consulting, investing, and NGO circles over the last few years” (Norman & MacDonald, 2004, p. 243). This is opposed to the traditional approach of using economic benefits as the only determinant. It introduces two more parameters to the financial gains namely social and environmental parameters. These parameters are interrelated, and, therefore, hard to separate them from each other. The importance of these parameters is that they have been in use for a long time hence, are tested and proven to be effective. It is wrong to use the financial benefits as a measure of sustainability only. Therefore, the triple bottom line talks about people, profit and the planet [3Ps] has been hard to reflect on the 3 Ps because people do not look at the social impact of projects of their projects due to dishonesty and unprincipled behavior of the employees. Success and sustainability of the project is a key factor to the realization of the set project, both to the department and the project implementers. To make this a reality, there should be no political influence. This calls for political neutrality to ensure that the political elites do not dictate to the project implementers on what to do. The laid down procedures must be followed to the letter, especially
Introduction Marketing communication plan is a blueprint for successful marketing strategies. The proposed Al Maha Airline has the primary aim of reaching out to the young generation as a potential client market segment. Any integrated marketing plan should have a functional model that will cue the mind of a customer towards a product or service. The functional model comprises of elements such as awareness, interest, desire, and action. This paper presents the marketing communication strategies that the Al Maha Airline may use to invite college students to interact with its brand. Current situation at the Al Maha Airline Saudi Arabia has quickly embraced the e-marketing strategies to be at par with other countries. In the last two decades, e-marketing has played a key role in product promotion in nearly all sectors. The most common e-marketing platforms in Saudi Arabia include social media, the internet, and cable television. Often, internet use among youths is beneficial as they dedicate time in blogs with those they perceive as equals and members of the youth culture. Due to the entry of technological advancement in the world today, internet has been the most common means of social media communication among the Saudi youths (Stokes 31). According to AL-Jenabi (2008), more than 59% of Saudi families’ youths have access to the internet and are literate in its use (Al-Jenabi 18). The conscientious marketing for the Al Maha needs to perceive the global interrelationship with inclusive model of integration through the youth culture in its brand visibility marketing. The main objective of this digital marketing plan is to attract the younger customers’ market through the company’s website and social media fan pages in order to increase the customer traffic. In order to attract college students to interact with the Al Maha brand, the proposed marketing communication will involve the use of social media (Facebook and Twitter), and company website to promote the brand within the online Saudi youth culture. Applying different marketing communication strategies Social media, especially Facebook, website optimization, and Twitter have gained popularity among companies that use these sites as interaction modules to share experiences and exchange ideas with the youthful customers. In the e-Marketing industry, social media has penetrated the communication environment and currently commands a large following among the users (Stokes 14). To increase credibility and maintain professionalism, the current bomb internet channels used by the Al Maha, for reaching the youthful consumers, should be tailored to encompass processes and features that flawlessly facilitate a healthy and lifetime relationship between the airline and its clients. These will be achieved through the following ways; Website search engine optimization (SEO) The Al Maha should optimize its search engine to improve on its online brand visibility among the college students. Search engine optimization can be achieved through installing ‘pluggins’ that possess extra features such as page navigation and thumbnail within the company’s website. Specifically, this proposed system
Glycemic outcome associated with insulin pump and glucose sensor use in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes This article presents the results of the study that aimed to determine whether insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGM) are efficacious in maintaining normal blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c) in diabetic patients. The sample size was 25,000 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (Cardona-Hernandez et al., 2021). The entire cohort was divided into four distinct groups that represented participants with one of the devices, pump or CGM, both tools, or no wearable technology (Cardona-Hernandez et al., 2021). Overall, the comparison of different groups showed that individuals who had both insulin pumps and CGMs had better HbA1c concentration than those who wore one or no device. Text‐message responsiveness to blood glucose monitoring reminders is associated with HbA1c benefit in teenagers with Type 1 diabetes This paper discusses the outcomes of interventional research with T1DM adolescent patients. The methodology required messaging diabetic teenage patients about the need to check and report their blood glucose concentrations. This study demonstrated that the participants who continuously sent their glycemic levels for 1.5 years had HbA1c below 7.5%, which is high but closer to normal (McGill et al., 2019). In contrast, low-responders had increased concentrations of glycated hemoglobin, which was harmful to their organs and tissue in the long term (McGill et al., 2019). Overall, this manuscript showed the importance and effectiveness of monitoring blood glucose in adolescents with T1DM. Technology in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus – Current status and future prospects This review article concentrates on modern technological devices that were invented to help diabetic patients maintain normal glycemic levels and monitor their blood sugar concentration. The authors talk about the advantages and drawbacks of various insulin delivery apparatuses and glucose measuring tools (Tauschmann & Hovorka, 2018). Moreover, the manuscript discusses different data-management apps that help clinicians remotely monitor T1DM patients’ blood glucose levels (Tauschmann & Hovorka, 2018). Finally, the paper provides information about automated insulin-delivery tools that are still being tested in randomized clinical trials.
Most people in modern US society consider illicit drugs to be entirely prohibited by the country’s legislative system without any exceptions. However, such groups of illicit drugs as stimulants and opioids are currently exploited for various medical purposes. Although they are not used as a regular painkiller or antidepressant, as it was generally accepted in the 19th century, such medications are now prescribed in extreme cases when any other treatment is unproductive. In such a way, a group of opioids, which also includes heroin, is now engaged in a treatment process. Medications, which comprise opioids, such as OxyContin, are prescribed as serious painkillers for patients with neuromuscular diseases (Levinthal, 2014). Such a treatment is, by all means, efficient in terms of decreasing pain levels, but it is also controversial in the context of availability and dependence. First of all, the presence of such medications increases the levels of drug abuse and crime, as many opioid dependants are likely to commit robberies in order to get the needed dose. People with drug-dependence are often inclined to do illegal actions as they are guided by instincts rather than by a sharp mind. Another quite important issue concerns patients who are to take drug-based medications due to an illness. Although the drug dose in them is calculated in order not to cause dependence, people are still at high risk of getting used to them. After a certain period, patients cannot kill the pain by any other medication or method but by the opioids. Hence, as opioid-based drugs are now impossible to eradicate from the medical practice, it is important to answer the question of how people should undergo treatment without the threat of being dependent on a drug. Reference Levinthal, C. F. (2014). Drugs, behavior, and modern society . London, UK: Pearson Education.
Introduction This paper answers to questions based on readings on modern day enslavement. Ten questions are answered in the three major parts of this paper. The first part, is a bout early forms of colonialism and how it changed the way of live, it looks into the meaning of micro-level form of slavery and expounds on micro-level debt of peonage. Further, the first part concisely articulates how contemporary debt peonage has been coined into racial form of slavery and it explains how unfree and free labor is interlinked politically. The second part of the paper explores the meaning of space of flow as used in selected book. Moreover, the paper in the second part, further explains why space of places constitute a challenge to a basic lever of the new power system. The third part of this paper looks into what the author meant when he used the word self-programmable labor and generic labor. It also explains what is meant by individualization of labor and a personal implication about the impact of a new economy has in movements and trade unions. Finally a conclusion sums it all. Slave trade and slavery was a major form of revolution that sprang across the globe some centuries ago. This was a phenomenon that was influenced by shortage of labor in the western world to work in various sectors of their economy (Winant 181). Massive form of human labor was urgently needed at this time to increase production. Slaves were sought after to work in industries and agricultural plantations because they provided cheap form of labor and decreased production costs (Winant 185). This was a major practice exercised by the world’s most exploitative nations who wanted to conquer the world. New Type of Enslavement Despite this form of enslavement being abolished, slavery has taken a different tune in our modern society; Micro – level kind of slavery has emerged. A bureaucratic nation has embraced this form of enslavement to perpetrate their vice (Winant 192). Due to abolition of slavery, there has been scarce and shortage of cheap labour in their agricultural and industrial sectors and hence micro- level slavery. In this form of slavery, the peasants and poor people are subjected to peonage; immigrants have been taken advantage of in big cities around the world (Winant 193). This new form of slavery is most practiced when work to be done needs less skills or no skills at all. The mass of poor immigrants especially from rural areas have been put under subjection of their masters because of their large immigration numbers and scarcity of salaried jobs to be done. The Immigrants are subjected to exploitation and sub employment is a major phenomenon not only in the developed countries but also commonly witnessed in developing countries. The informal sector has adversely been affected by micro level slavery (Winant 193). What Winant means by Micro- level form of Debt Peonage Massive forms of exploitation, over time, affected some nations adversely. The super
King Kong was originally produced during the year 1933 when theatre was the only medium of presentation and when depression was rampant. The renowned movie set during the great depression had several prominent features, namely, a big black ape, the beautiful girl, the skull island, and the empire state building. Apparently, the skull island and the insidious ape depicted as solitary, primitive and full of pride which is symbolic of prehistoric culture while the empire state building and the beautiful girl present in all sequels of the movie represent the recurring theme of civilization. The girl that always emerges victorious at the end clearly symbolizes the ability of postmodern society to sustain development regardless of unpredictable economic situations that could arise and threaten the very existence of civilization. Analysis of various stylistic details i.e. film stock, medium etc used in representation of all king Kong sequels will help us understand how the King Kong monster film relates to historically specific set of anxieties e.g. women’s rights, technology, urbanization and modernization. A brief overview of King Kong 2005 movie will help us understand better how depression and urbanization are portrayed in this monster movie which was set at the height of great depression in New York. There is rampant unemployment and untold hunger among people. There is spiraling crime and people are willing to do anything to make the
Introduction In the broad class of amphetamines, methamphetamine (MA) remains the most commonly abused type. The dangers of methamphetamine are well-known policymakers, health care professionals, social service providers, and law enforcer. Over time, MA abuse can damage physical and mental capacities, family ties, employment prospects, and create cycles of arrest and rehabilitation (King, 2006). Scrutinizing Drug Enforcement Administration findings, employment-related drug testing service provider Quest Diagnostics Inc. revealed that significant increases in production and trafficking during the 1990s made MA the most widely-used illegally manufactured synthetic drug in the United States (Quest Diagnostics, 2008). The 2007 runs of the Quest Diagnostics Drug Testing Index recorded lower positive methamphetamine results in the U.S. workforce, leading DEA Acting Administrator Michele M. Leonhart to crow that interdiction of illicit manufacturing and transport has worked. But the optimism engendered by a reduction of around 73 percent in MA abuse from 2002 to 2004 and another 22 percent between 2006 and 2007 has to be considered in light of the fact that the 2007 data also shows a 5 percent rise in total amphetamine use in the general workforce. This suggests “switching from MA to other amphetamine forms. Two Examples Dissatisfied with the breadth of literature on effectiveness of treatment on MA abuse, Brecht et al. (2006) embarked on a longitudinal pre- and post-treatment study that covered employment and criminal activity among the criterion variables. Study instrument was an in-depth natural history interview on a sample of 349 randomly-selected admissions for MA abuse treatment in a publicly-funded county treatment system. Treatment outcomes were favorable in point of reduced abuse and crime, as well as increased employment compared to levels 24 months prior to admission. Regression analysis suggested that higher educational attainment, being male, mainstream white ethnicity, and longer treatment predisposed to better employment outcomes after treatment. Kurtz (2005) narrowed his focus to one locality (Miami) and the minority of homosexuals to investigate the relationship between MA use, on one hand, and employment, social and personal relationships, on the other. The drug scene in Miami was already notorious in the 1990s, according to him, for widespread use of such “recreational drugs” as ecstasy, GHB (a depressant, also called “Georgia Homeboy” or “Grevious Bodily Harm”), and ketamine in clubs and circuit parties. From the gay subculture on the West coast, where it was initially adopted, the crystal MA fad spread to the swishy fringe of the Miami party scene. The author conducted four mini-focus groups of three to four participants each to plumb the motivations and consequences of crystal meth use among gay men. In this kind of rationalistic and self-defensive setting, the participants were quick to bemoan MA abuse for lost friendships, break-up’s with “partners”, paranoia and job