ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The environment of preschool is informal interactive, and public centered. It is imperative for these teachers to generate and sustain a constructive interpersonal atmosphere. These preschool teachers interact with a variety of people like children, parents, principal, supervisors, school staff, and counselors on regular basis. Several pre-school educators find the occupation of being a professional teacher in today’s schools difficult and sometimes stressful. When this happens, teacher burnout takes place and can result in grave consequences for the health and happiness of not only teachers, but also the children, professionals, and families with whom they network on a regular basis. Problem Due to multiple roles a preschool teacher plays in the execution of her job, how can she be able to handle the stress that comes with it? This paper attempts to come up with solutions to the problem by taking the insights and suggestions of preschool teachers. Literature Review According on various literatures, ((Greenberger and Strasser, 1986; Neils, Scott, 2007 among others), burnout symptoms can be represented by the signals the body sends which may be the depletion of physical energy when a teacher has absolutely no stamina or energy land getting out of bed to face the day becomes a difficulty with each passing day. Frustration seeps in, bringing along with it impatience, anguish and temperamental swings in moods. This follows with a decline in the immunity of the individual to fight the various common illnesses such as common cold, flu etc and in some cases gives rise to the blood pressure problem in the teacher’s body. Withdrawal symptoms then become easily visible thus affecting the personal relationships of the teacher which may begin to show signs of strain. It is then justifies that the affected teacher in severe cases develops an extremely pessimistic approach towards life resulting in absolute inefficiency at work which directly affects the students and their fast depleting relationship with the teacher. The enthusiasm to get out and face the world is highly reduced causing syndromes of remaining absent from work. According to Brownell, (1997), “stress can reduce a teacher’s motivation and ultimately affects the operation of the school and teaching”. Aim of the Research Study This Qualitative study attempts to assemble information about stress from preschool teachers with a deep study of the factors involved in their occupation. This study additionally endeavors to generate the potential methods to deal with them and produce a design for Stress Management for preschool teachers which can be presented to schools in order to retain their greatest assets – their educators. It is believed that in doing so, schools will be able have and retain more efficient teachers who can provide better quality of service to their preschool students. Experiments conducted Experimental strategies adopted to prevent burnout (findings) I
Introduction Criminal and deviant behavior is characterized by socially undesirable behavior patterns and actions that threaten other individuals and social morals. The film selected for analysis, ‘Requiem for a Dream by Darren Aronofsky, depicts the deviant behavior of four protagonists faced with difficult life situations and problems. The main characters, Sara and her son Harry Goldfarb, Marion Silver and Tyrone, all exhibit socially undeniable behavior patterns caused by different life circumstances, class location, and personal values. The aim of the paper is to analyze and describe their behavior using two criminological theories, anomie theory or strain theory (Robert Merton) and conflict theory. Anomie Theory Robert Merton based its anomie theory (strain theory) on Emily Durkheim’s findings. According to Merton, “anomie is the form that societal incoherence takes when there is a significant detachment “between valued cultural ends and legitimate societal means to those ends” (Akers, 2000, p. 143, 161 cited Collins n.d.). Similar to Durkheim, Merton states that if anomie is a breakdown in society, then it is a breakdown in all that he says society is equivalent to (morality, reality, experience, and ideas). Merton explains that society becomes an observable factual order caused by morality, the latter being an analytically distinct kind of order consisting of norms and values that people respect. Following Merton: “Anomie becomes the explanation for high rates of deviant behavior in the U.S. compared with other societies, and also an explanation for the distribution of deviant behavior across groups defined by class, race, ethnicity, and the like” (Merton n.d.). Applied to the movie, anomie theory will help to explain the behavior and criminal actions of the main characters. For instance, t he life of Sara and her son Harry Goldfarb differs from other individuals and their norms. Sara is a housewife who does nothing but watches TV serials. Harry is a heroin addict who does not take much care of his elderly mother. In terms of Anomie theory, “Incentives for success are provided by the established values of the culture, and second, the avenues available for moving toward this goal are largely limited by the class structure to those of deviant behavior. It is the combination of the cultural emphasis and the social structure which produces intense pressure for deviation” (Merton n.d.). The life of Sara and her son Harry is limited by their class and is shaped by the combination of cultural factors such as TV serials and melodramas, false ideals, and values. Harry and Tyrone become drug dealers to earn for living. In this case, they violate so
Declaration of Independence The judicial review found its origins within the Declaration of Independence, which declared the colonies of North America, to be “free and independent states.” (“Declaration of Independence:” par. 31). This declaration has been at the foundation of the philosophical, political, and ideological battle between those advocating a very broad construction of the limits, and strict construction of powers within the Constitution and vice versa. Before the ratification of the Constitution, the Articles of Confederation document provided the legal basis of the thirteen founding colonies to declare themselves individual sovereign states but to agree to a perpetual confederation. The word confederation is important as it denotes an alliance, nor the formation of a single entity. Within the Articles of Confederation, each State retained full sovereignty over all matters not “expressly delegated” to the United States (“Transcript of Articles of Confederation 1777” par.3) At the Philadelphia convention, the Virginia delegates were opposed to the new Constitution, fearing that it promoted federalism. Governor Edmund Randolph, a pro-ratification delegate, was forced into making concessions to Patric Henry. These concessions consisted of the phrase “expressly delegated” (“Transcript of Articles of Confederation 1777″ par.3), that appeared in the Articles of Confederation, to be written into the Constitution to limit the powers of the new Congress. Further, they wrote into their ratification statement that they ”retained the right to withdraw from the new government, if the new government exceeded its delegated powers” (“Ordinance of Secession 1861” par. 1). As such, this understanding formed part of the State of Virginia’s ratification in 1788. As all the individual states were equals, Virginia’s conditions would apply to each state. The ratification of the Constitution created the US Supreme Court. Article III created the Judicial Branch. Section 1 created the Judicial Powers. Section 2 assigned “original jurisdiction” over the individual States. (“The United States Constitution” Article III). Judicial Review is the lens through which all new laws created by Congress and Senate, are examined for their Constitutionality by the sitting Justices of the Supreme Court. If a new law created by the legislative branch is deemed to be unconstitutional, that law will be struck down. The Executive branch, has with the expanding powers of the Presidency, taken to creating Bills to put before the legislative branch for their approval, and creation of a new law therefrom. The current high profile example of this is Obama’s “Healthcare Bill” which was eventually passed by the legislative branch and is now being examined for its constitutionality by the Supreme Court. The Intentions of Judicial Review Judicial Review makes the Supreme Court the de
Introduction Entrepreneurship is defined as the power to introduce and build a concept to create something from nothing. It is the ability to sense an opportunity where other people find chaos, confusion and dispute (Mohanty, 2005 P.1). Social entrepreneurship is a very valuable aspect that brings about self help in which people work together for a mutual benefit. It instills a sense of responsibility and democracy, equality and togetherness. It is a form of entrepreneurship that focusses more on the societal well being than economic gain. The concepts introduced in social enterprise can be re invented to come up with projects that benefit the community. Social enterprise focusses on the well being of the community (Nicholls, 2011 P. 121). This article discusses the value brought by Leymah Gbowee to the society as a social entrepreneur. It will further recommend the need to offer financial support to Leymah Gbowee’s in developing the society. Literature Review Leymah Gbowee is an example of a social entrepreneur who saw the war calamity in Liberia as an opportunity to create peace. She decided to act after listening to women’s ordeals about abuse, humiliation and even rape, while working as a trauma counselor She organized a group of women to pray for peace and later went ahead to invite Muslim women too. This progressed to become a protest in which this group advocated for peace. Some of the factors that encouraged Gbowee to venture into the forums to fight for peace were triggered by the social injustices that used to happen. The problems were as a result of social inequality, unleveled distribution of resources and people exploiting one another. For instance the desire for the indigenous to reclaim what was originally theirs. Together as a group these women protested until an agreement was reached to end a fourteen year period of violence and war (Nyamidie, 2010, para 1-3). The war calamity that broke up in Liberians instilled fear among the Liberians, but for Gbowee she saw an opportunity to fight for peace. During the war, women were humiliated and treated unfairly. There was an equal distribution of wealth and this situation prompted Gbowee to unite women and act. Through the peace campaign forums, women had an opportunity to voice their concern while representing the rest of the community (Gbowee & Mithers, 2011 P. 29). This creates value in their lives because they stopped living in fear and terror. Not only were they liberated from war, but the whole country experienced peace. Social enterprise focusses on ensuring that there is equality in business by ensuring that the products introduced in the market benefit every one. This is the case for Gbowee who ensured that the peace forums held were meant to put inequality to an end (Gunn, 2010 P.13). Despite the service that she gave to the country she is still serving the nation. She has expanded her service to the African continent where she is serving as the director for Women Peace and security Network-Africa. This post gives her an opportunity to encourage women to serve their nations by going for
We would like to give some comments on the reviewed films by the brilliant and world famous director David Fincher. Our purpose is to evaluate the overall impression after watching two films and the most popular one among the movies. The first film under discussion is “Zodiac” that is made on the real story. The serial killer terrified the city San Francisco. Thus as you may guess it is a thriller.” From the first look that sounds like one more long crime drama, but at the same time this one is less of so said film noir (comparatively with Seven , from this outstanding director) and actually more of a great character study of Robert Graysmith, a mild-mannered man, (Jake Gyllenhall) yearned to finding and publishing of the truth. He received in this way the sheer satisfaction in the course of his deeds not minding the cost or compensation. So generally speaking, Zodiac is a movie to lose your mind in. The above mentioned director of the film David Fincher like a real perfectionist observed the performance and paid an obsessive’s attention and care to every detail. That film is a real presentation of the actual life so it is about people and for them. That was aimed to fascinate to viewers. So you will not find in the film the director’s impressive ideas. Still it is not to lessen impressive accomplishments David Fincher made to date, comparatively in the modern movies Se7en and Elephant man, but to accent how Zodiac actualizes and deepens the slight connection between technical matter and general impact. So we may state that Zodiac is a film saying about the unknowable darkness, and the results of the actions when men with believes they are doing the detective work appear to be drawn toward it. A few words about the contrasting film under discussion that is “Elephant Man” should be given the next. We believe that the best way for that is the comment of the ordinary viewer of it. So as many say, the film really tugged at emotions. The mutual feature of two films is the life drama of a perfectly sane, unusual person who, for some reasons of deformity, must endure the hardness and depravity of his society. So the most evident feature is the struggle against the artificial rules and prejudices of society. The most sad thing admitted by the watchers is that “Elephant Man” which was actually unknown by his own name, was exposed to such a situation when living like an outcast dew to his disease.The most striking thing for you may be his words when he says that he is a human , not an animal. That situation is very close to many layers of society and we find these numerous examples among our acquaintances. So both the films are devoted to the real problems of the real men but in different life events. In conclusion we may estimate the numbers of votes for each of the films and resume that the most popular becomes Zodiac. Works Cited Doaskdotell movie review of Zodiac . DoAskDoTell.com. 2008. Web. Zodiac. Production notes. WovieWeb.com. 2008. Web. Bryant Frazer. Review of Zodiac . Bluegrass Film Society. 2007. Web. The Elephant Man (1980): It broke my heart. IMDb user comments
I came to this country nine years ago at the age of fifteen. In Romania, I had acquaintance with several girls, but there was no special girl. I have no siblings, and will not have any, since both my parents are 55. In Romania, families are generally large, because many children can ensure that the parents are cared for in their old age without being a burden on one child. Besides, many families are either Catholic or Orthodox and birth control beyond abstention is frowned upon or forbidden. My mom is the youngest of five siblings, they are all in Romania: Eugenia (one daughter Carmen, married and has two daughters herself), Michael (60+ bachelor), Marina (one daughter Simona), and John (the eldest, divorced, one son). My dad is the youngest of three: Rodica (65+ single woman), and Voicu (deceased, was married to Tia, they had one boy Cori, they live in Australia). The rules of endogamy and exogamy are very similar to Canada, except that there are also some Muslims and Jews in our country, and Christians, Jews, and Muslims do not intermarry. (Slide page 27) In fact, it is seldom that Catholics and Orthodox intermarry, but that is not so difficult, because there is a similarity in the value system and core beliefs. As I understand it, Even the two types of Jew in our country (Orthodox and Hassidic) do not intermarry, because their lives and customs are so different. While it is also difficult to intermarry between different economic classes, education can bridge that gap, and because of education, the class lines are very weak. As for the rules of marriage to kin, the same rules are applied as in Canada. People do not marry closer than the second cousin. It is taboo for good medical reasons as I understand biology and inheritance. I have never heard of any conflict concerning the marriage of close kin, but there is a very rare occasion that a boy and girl, one Catholic and one Orthodox, fall in love, and this is never easy. Even rarer and potentially devastating is when one is Christian and the other is Muslim. Romania is still not very multicultural any other way, so color lines are neither a barrier nor not, because it just does not happen. Kinship is very important in Romania, and it will be here within our family, provided I marry and have children. Most of our family is still in Romania, so they are far, but still important and we stay in touch with the Internet, telephone, and letters. One uncle is in Australia with my cousin, his son, Cori, and we all stay in touch with them also, but mostly via the Internet. Our society is mostly Patrilineal, though the mother’s name is often carried as a middle name for a male child. (Haviland ch 9 pg 10) Within the family, religion is shared. Catholic families are the loosest, that is, they practice their religion, but it is not a way of life. Orthodox families practice their religion more seriously, and it affects more portions of their lives. The Muslims live their religion. It affects everythin
Introduction Sun Yat-sen is one of the most respected revolutionary leaders in the history of China. The name of this political activist is not only known in the context of the Chinese revolution but also connected to the development of democratic society in the country. His ideas spread far beyond the equality of people and respect for human rights. Several Sun’s doctrines address all spheres of life and combine the Western political thought with traditional Chinese philosophy for the benefit of all the citizens. However, due to the difference in interpretation of his economic, social, and political ideas by various political parties, it is difficult to figure out the original ideas that led to the development of democracy in China. Biography Sun Yat-sen was a political leader who became the first president of China. He was born on November 12, 1866, in Cuiheng village of Guangdong province. Being born in a poor family, he had no other choice but to move to his elder brother in Honolulu in the hope of getting a proper education. After graduating from Iolani School and then Oahu College, Sun returned to his parents 1 . He was influenced by the injustice of authorities and the lack of freedom of Chinese people that he saw at home. These circumstances led to shaping his opinion about the situation in China that needed to be changed. In 1884, Sun moved to Hong Kong to study medicine and was baptized there. The connection to the Christian church contributed to the understanding of the necessary change as a special mission from God 2 . The idea of the revolution came from this new belief, and his aspirations made him the leader of the Qing Dynasty rebellion. The principal reason for it was in the rejection of the government to accept Western ideas that were more advanced in comparison with the Chinese ones. Despite all his efforts, S
Abstract Consciousness raising model is a process of creating awareness in a new language, learning it and then using it in conversations. Generally, the first step in consciousness-raising model in relation to English language is creating awareness that the language exists, and then distinguishing it from other languages and lastly, using it to communicate. New language consciousness is important, as it helps in making communication easier. Even though people master their first language easily, it is also possible for them to master other languages, especially when the best strategies of consciousness-raising are adopted. In most cases, when learning strategies used match with the learners’ needs and preferences, the learning process becomes easier. Nevertheless, consciousness-raising strategies in second language learning are usually based on motivation of learners, aptitude test, learner’s cognitive ability, and the styles used in learning. These strategies have been proved by personality and social psychologists to be among the factors that determine individuals’ cognitive abilities. Introduction Consciousness-raising model is used to promote and develop cognitive ability of a learner in acquisition of a second language. Second language acquisition is the process that allows learners to master a new language, which is usually different from their first language. Teachers play a big role in raising consciousness on new language by allowing them to recognize its form, meaning, and context, and then learning how to use it. For example, a learner may first learn phrasal verbs used in English and then try to distinguish them from other sounds in other languages before they can be able to communicate using the language. Generally, in raising consciousness about a new language, learners’ differences cannot be ignored, hence the need for discussing second language acquisition in relation to the psychology of the learners. Therefore, this paper will discuss consciousness-raising model and strategies, as well as the styles that can be used in promoting second language learning, specifically the English language. It will also discuss the various individual differences that influence consciousness in second language acquisition, including personality traits and mood of the learners (Robinson, 2002). Individual Differences and Consciousness – Raising in Language Acquisition In order to come up with the best strategies for consciousness-raising process in second language acquisition, it is important to consider individuals’ differences and characteristics, mainly because they give the basis about their language aptitude, learning styles, and motivation, which are very important contributors in the process of learning a second language (Dörnyei, 2005). Individuals’ differences and characteristics that have contributed largely towards raising consciousness in second language acquisition include personality, moods, and learning motivation strategies. Therefore, it is important to consider values, interests, learning coping styles and social identity and relationships of the learners (Johnson, 20