ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The story “Recitatif” by Toni Morrison is about the times when racial discrimination was already not so frequently and vividly observed but when the color of the skin was still crucial for some people. The main characters of the story are the two girls, Roberta and Twyla and the ambiguity of their race is what the story relies upon. They both stay at the shelter which, strange as it may seem, they consider not very bad: “People want to put their arms around you when you tell them you were in a shelter, but it really wasn’t bad.” (Charles H. Rowell, p. 422). Twyla is the narrator of the story and she tells about the girls’ lives in the shelter as well as afterward. Though both of them are children united by the common displeasure – the necessity to stay in the shelter when both of them have mothers, a number of conflicts because of the difference in their skin color arise throughout the story. What should be mentioned above of all is the girls’ first meeting which started with the first realization of the girls’ being different. Roberta was already in the shelter when Twyla was brought there and by seeing a white girl in the room Twyla felt disgusted and disrespect to her at once: “The minute I walked in and the Big Bozo introduced us, I got sick to my stomach.” (Charles H. Rowell, p. 422) This is proof of the fact that racial views were imposed on the society by its members themselves as the child raised in the family of whichever skin color already had certain stereotypes regarding the people who were different. For instance, Twyla’s mother repeatedly told her that white people “never washed their hair and they smelled funny.” (Charles H. Rowell, p. 422). Secondly, the conflict due to the racial factor arises when the girls meet some years later. Both the girls had changed by that time. Nevertheless, Twyla recognizes the friend of her childhood whereas Roberta, being ashamed of having a dark-skinned friend even if it was long ago, pretends that she does not care about her: “I was dismissed without anyone saying goodbye, so I thought I would do it for her.” (Charles H. Rowell, p. 427). Twyla had very unpleasant feelings after this meeting and she remembered this insult very distinctly. Though being kids the girls first felt an aversion towards each other they became best friends but as they became grown-ups, everything seemed to have changed. Later, discussing this meeting with Twyla, Roberta told her that she was ashamed to show her attachment to Twyla because her friends would not approve of her relations with a black woman. And finally, the conflict which can be observed throughout the whole story is the situation with Maggy, a woman who worked in the shelter’s kitchen who once fell in the orchard, and none of the children being there, including the girls, called for help. Later, Roberta tried to prove to Twyla that she was the one who pushed Maggy, and Twyla who didn’t remember much of this story still tried to deny it after which Roberta reproached Twyla for remaining the same black girl as she has always been. At the end of the story the situation clears
Background Alcoholism can have an effect on anybody. It has massive outlays as it relates to cultures. Even though we have some idea on alcohol, all we don’t know is the exact root of this dilemma. Some researchers are repeatedly looking for answers to the long-standing nature versus nurture debate. Dissimilar scrutinies are slit between a biological and a psychological example. (Thomas, et al, 2003, p.1939)The analysis done on the abuse of alcohol alone shows that more than $100 billion dollars are spent annually. It is also believed that, every body in America pays up to $1000 annually to cater for the outlays of unnecessary health care, vehicle accidents, crime and mislaid output resultant from alcohol abuse. (Rutter, 2002, p.997) This research paper tries to relate alcoholism-nature vs. nurture debate to physiological psychology. To start with, “Physiological psychology is the study of the physiological basis of how we think, connecting the physical operation of the brain with what we actually say and do”. (Masters, 2001, p.346) The analysis on physiological physiology regarding alcohol shows that, alcohol displays feelings of superiority and fearless behavior and also, it reduces an individual’s fear. Alcohol reduces an individual’s fear Some researches done shows that alcohol serves up to reduce an individual’s echelon of self-awareness . In his article, Jay proves that alcohol leads to the rising of acceptance and reliance. In one his quotes, “Jay adds to say one who experiences the painful reality of a death in their family may find the experience too difficult to deal with, and the feeling produced by alcohol assists in the coping process”. (Jay, 1981, p.587) Jay adds to say, alcohol helps in reducing the fear of facing some difficult issues. Finally, he concludes by addressing that alcohol helps in relieving some stressful events such as job loss, divorce among others. (Jay, 1981, p.589) Alcohol displays feelings of superiority and fearless behavior In his research, an author by name Rutter quoted that, “when people take in alcohol to the point of intoxication, they display feelings of superiority and fearless behavior”. (Rutter, 2002, p.9
Introduction The success of a firm’s productivity depends on the organization of the human resource management. Reflectively, labour as a factor of production, determines the gross output, performance, and goal achievement at optimal resource use. The Becton Dickson Company has been struggling with human resource management problems that range from competition, labour structure, and financial constraints. The current SHRM of the company shows limitation of available factors of production, especially on optimal labour use and employee motivation. Thus, analytical paper attempts to explicitly review the current issues facing the SHRM of Becton Dickson Company and its relevance. In addition, the treatise explores the restructuring model of SHRM that would address these challenges. Current Issues Facing Becton Dickson Company Current budget of the Becton Dickson firm may not allow it to utilize all factors of production in the economy. Becton Dickson Company faces several limitations in its operations after the sudden restructuring. First, the uncertain working conditions greatly impacted on employees’ confidence and performance patterns. As employees’ incomes remain unstable, and relatively low, it was natural to witness an underperformance and low morale at work. The trading conditions continued to remain a challenge especially for this company. These adversely influenced the ability of Becton Dickson to achieve the forecasted sales and consequently, the overall budget was affected. Increase in prices of factors of production directly affects budgeted cost of production, and thus low income earned by employees. In addition, inability of the company to leverage its systems and processes hindered the growth of its business as it reduced ability of the company to attract the right labour skills and attitude. Finally, the company faces operational risks in areas such as supply chain management, communication systems, and human resource management. Given that the company has to operate within a predetermined budget, changes in the individual component of the budget affect the operations of the entire business. Becton Dickson is exposed to numerous threats. For instance, following the acquisition logistics and restructuring, the company has to remain afloat despite competition. Secondly, the human resource department is fairly responsive to sudden swings and also very sensitive to changes in income. Since the restructuring, the company has suffered heavily, as communication system for implementing these changes seemed to have broken down. Due to redundancy, lack of performance evaluation processes, employee testing, and healthy work culture, the company is currently facing uncertainty. These systems are critical in improving leadership skills, evaluation skills, promoting creativity, and rewarding outstanding achievement. The company is surrounded by several opportunities for growth of business. However, the human resource department is seriously underdeveloped desp
Distinctions between Jaleh Mansoor’s idea of ‘universalism’ and Clare Harris’ ‘transnationalism’ The transnational theory involves several nationalities reaching out to each other beyond national boundaries. Non-state organizations, for example, Non-Governmental Organizations and Transnational corporations are mobilized to provide direct linkages between trans-border relations across international boundaries. This theory tends to disqualify the traditional theory of sovereign states to be replaced by the exchange and sharing of cultural and political characteristics within nations. It seeks to have a global space where technology, social power, and information are exchanged. The transnational corporations have grown into positions where they can oppose or play a part in the formation of state policies and affect the thinking of the society (Mansoor 52). Individuals play a major part in making and exchanging national and international ideas. The state is no longer the sole owner of the information and the human labor it owns. The latter is monitored by the external and internal factors of this movement. In addition to this, politics and power have also been affected. These new ideas do not take over entirely but ensure the transfer of the same through social movements and sub-national groups. However, it is not correct to assume that these actors exercise dominance in these states because the state of a country still plays a central and significant role in managing and running their citizens. The transnational theory has been criticized on grounds that the exchange of information could be a bad influence on the state. Others could be terrorist groups or human rights organizations to undermine the state. The theory does not give a guideline on how to differentiate this from the productive good transnational exchange. Transnational applies to various fields of society. In this context, we look at transnational in history arts according to Clare Harris. Clare Harris is a teacher in the School of Anthropology. In her article’ The Buddha goes global’, she states that cultures based on ethnicity and nationality will not be bounded in this transnational era with the mobility of artists around the globe. She studies a local Tibet artist, Gyonkar Gyatso, who on completing his studies in minority arts becomes fascinated by the unfamiliar territory he sees in the aerial view on a plane back home. Gyatso decides to focus on art, based on the different experiences he gets through traveling. He faces a few hiccups where although he stays in the country for a while he is denied sponsorship in the United Kingdom-based on ethnicity. Ethnicity is a major issue among transnational. We see him maintain his ethnicity by keeping a ‘Tibet’ worded tattoo on his arm although he is an international artist who could very well fit into any country including, Berlin, New York, and London among others. Gyatso uses his paintings to highlight the various issues that face Tibetans when they leave home. For example, the box found in the refugees’ rooms expresses that the people should never leave home without scissors for entrepreneurial
Introduction Bodies that orbit the sun face many threats posed by crashing asteroids and comets. Scientific investigations have revealed that comets and asteroids which orbit the sun sometimes alter their orbital trajectory, disintegrate into fragments, and pose the kind of threat that caused the extinction of dinosaurs millions of years ago when an asteroid crashed into the earth. Potential Impact Gabor (1995, p. 1) states, “Asteroids are rocky and metallic objects that orbit the Sun but are too small to be considered planets’’. Gabor (1995) coins the term “minor planets” being descriptive of the fast moving rocky metallic objects with the potential of crashing into the earth with disastrous results. These metallic objects vary in size ranging from several hundreds to a thousand kilometers in diameter. Scientific research indicates that a single asteroid or comet 10 kilometers in diameter has the capacity to cause widespread destruction in the event of a collision with the earth. Early discoveries indicated that comets, which encountered Jupiter’s gravitational pull, experienced celestial tidal waves, which could deflect the fast moving metallic objects into a collision course with the planet. Atkinson (1999) asserts that the possibility of a comet or an asteroid hitting the earth is rife. Atkinson (1999) argues, “…our planet gets hit by a 10 kilometer diameter (about 7 miles) comet or asteroid every hundred million years on average”. Observations have shown that asteroids frequently stray into the earth’s atmosphere and burn up without causing any harm. In addition, they frequently enter Jupiter’s atmosphere with similar results. Atkinson (1999) argues that in the event of a collision with the earth, a blanket of dust could cover the earth, a near darkness situation could ensue, normal plant and a
Introduction An American government that is being guided by state security missions strives for getting unlimited information control; on the contrary, society attempts to restrict access to information for the government based on liberty and democracy principles. Each side has equal arguments in terms of objectivity. It is known that cryptographic techniques provide trade-off decisions. Free information access of intelligence services for monitoring is one of the main missions of the national security service. On another side, information confidentiality is an individual’s inalienable right. The problem becomes more topical in connection with the intensive progress of telecommunication facilities. Main body The National Security Agency, also known as NSA, is an intelligence organization of the United States. It is responsible for collecting information on foreign communications and performs specialized missions based on analysis of information that includes cryptanalysis. Also, NSA is responsible for the defense of government information and communicative channels. It composes a part of the United States Department of Defense. Because of its special secrecy, the NSA acronym stood for “No Such Agency” as a joke for a long time. In most contemporary analyses, intelligence is understood as the process of gathering, analyzing, and making use of information. Yet beyond such basic definitions are divergent conceptions of exactly what intelligence is and what it is for. (Scott and Jackson 2) Matthew Aid, a well-known specialist of security and outgoing historian, provides the history of America’s security apparatus. He made a close study of NSA, its history, missions, and politics. Aid detected a top-secret document which disclosure made the front page of the New York Times . Matthew Aid presents an impressive array of chapter notes in his history of the National Security Agency, which is chiefly references to documents he obtained through the Freedom of Information Act (“Sir Roger Hollis of” M32). The Secret Sentry: The Untold History of the National Security Agency has some highs and lows that should be noticed. Its merits include a huge amount of facts, a widely reported history of NSA, and logical consequences of events. The Secret Sentry provides much more information about the missions of the NSA than any other book, that’s why it is a nonstandard work. Matthew Aid made a huge research work on National Security Agency’s history. Aid presents the reader revision of the National Security Agency’s progress through historical events and its role in general. His work reveals some secrets that can be shocking for the reader. There are no unnecessary minutiae, but if the reader is interested in them, he/she can find them in the references section. But it can’t be unnoticed that this book is good for specialists, not for citizen readers. Aid is called a “competitive i
Cerebral palsy (CP) refers to the group of brain disorders influencing a person’s normal movements. Prior to birth, the brain can undergo abnormal development due to injuries, which are considered the main cause of CP cases. Individuals suffering from cerebral palsy experience problems with controlling their movement, posture, and balance. Depending on the degree of severity of brain disorder, some people with CP can have mental impairment and disabilities, which means they have difficulties in reading, learning language and developing important living skills. In the United States, about three children out of a thousand suffer from cerebral palsy (Bjorklund 11). Although there is no cure for the disease, there are efficient treatment approaches to help children lead active, full lives with schools, workplaces, and relatives. Due to the brain transformations, children with CP have motor symptoms that are caused by major malformation and abnormal cortical development. Apart from major physical impairment of the locomotive system, individuals with CP can have visionary and auditory disabilities as well. Some of the cases can be accompanied by seizures (Gage et al. 239). With regard to different types of CP, there are various signs and symptoms. Hence, spastic CP belongs to the most common type of the disorder and involves neuromuscular mobility impairment caused by upper neuron lesion and motor cortex problems. This type of disease is accompanied by muscle spasms, pain, and stress. Individuals having ataxic cerebral palsy c
Introduction Domestic violence cases often touches on private and confidential of the family and the professional service provider because they are sensitive and very personal. However, because of the need for collaboration, sometimes it is totally difficult to avoid sharing clients’ information among the professionals offering these services (for example, lawyers, social workers, psychiatrists, and other workers from government departments). Sometimes, important services can be provided without a breach of confidentiality but in most cases it is very difficult to maintain utmost confidentiality of sensitive information. Community Partners Collaborative partners for the crisis intervention will include the state domestic violence shelter and victim management programs in the community. Once the women or the children have been referred to the programs, they are enrolled and taken through a number of interrogative sessions with criminal investigation services and the emotional assessment social workers (Lauer & Brownstein, 2008, p. 26). There will be typically about five meetings taking about one to one and half hours each though the time is not strict. The first visit is meant to collect the information that the professional in domestic violence deem crucial concerning the precipitating incidence and history of violence. The caregivers are educated on trauma and management measures (Lauer & Brownstein, 2008, p. 26). Several forms are filled to legal documentation. The second visit is intended to build trust and confidence between the counselor and the victims. Ice-breaking techniques are used and signs of trauma analyzed critically to determine whether care should begin. The third visit is for continued assessment and intervention. For the children playing session are introduced so as to help reduce stress. The fourth visit is when the assessment is concluded and the counselor makes recommendations regarding the need for support services as determined by the social workers. Intervention like counseling, play and discussion continues (Lauer & Brownstein, 2008, p. 26). The final visit is set for transition where individuals referred for the trauma support are enrolled in the program. Those not referred are counseled and released. The ongoing service provider also attends this session so that the transition can be smooth. The collaborative partners in the ongoing trauma session are children support programs, family solutions programs, and domestic violence community centers. Children and parents are trained on the support skills about twice every week. The session last for about six months and during this time cognitive behavior therapy is applied and the participants are educated on domestic violence causes and consequences as well (Lauer & Brownstein, 2008, p. 29). Other important coll
An article published in Ahram Online provides information about the controversial statements of TV host Ibrahim Eissa regarding the journey of Al-Miraj. El-Sayed Gamal El-Din, the author of the article, first provides a brief overview of the event, followed by reactions from the officials and community, as well as background on past news related to Eissa. Additionally, the article provides information about the upcoming prosecution concerning the statements of the TV host. First of all, it is necessary to evaluate the article in terms of codes of ethics considering ethical news values. In terms of accuracy, the material presents facts, and the author does not present his personal opinion on the issue, which makes the article the most devoid of bias. Most importantly, El-Sayed quotes statements from the TV host and various stakeholders without commentary, which eliminates subjectivity. In terms of confirmation and tenacity, the reporter gives not only statements but also opinions of the community, presents the prospect of prosecution, and also gives background information about Eissa. These factors allow the reader to compose a more comprehensive perception of the event beyond the immediate news. The author also respects diversity, citing the opinions of both official bodies and religious communities for whom this event is important. In terms of dignity and reciprocity, The reporter uses non-emotionally colored vocabulary, which corresponds to the journalistic style. Additionally, El-Sayed tries to provide as much information as possible about the event and the reaction that it caused in the community. This factor also corresponds to the value of community, as it reveals the possible impact of Eissa’s statements on society. However, concerning equity, the article does not seem complete enough, as it focuses more on the reaction to this event. Within the framework of the information provided, it is not entirely clear whether there are supporters of the statements of the TV host or whether the community as a whole reacted negatively to his statements. Accordingly, in this regard, the value of sufficiency is also inadequately addressed since not all information resources are covered. Based on the analysis of codes of ethics, one can also conclude the objectivity and credibility of this material. Objectivity prescribes that all parties affected by the event have an equal right to be covered in the article. However, within the framework of the article by El-Sayed, not enough attention is paid to the opinion of Eissa himself, as well as his possible supporters. This factor can make the article biased, and additional information about the past actions of the TV host can create a negative perception of the protagonist of the story among readers. In terms of credibility, the article meets the requirements of journalistic standards, as it provides information resources and quotes, and does not refer to abstract assumptions. A co