ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The problem of learning modern languages has emerged with the spread of the international relations. Students in key stage 3 understand that the more they learn in their age, the more opportunities they are going to have in the future. To understand the importance of the modern languages in key stage 3 in English curriculum, the following portfolio has been created. Using the article “Languages needed, but no plans to learn” by Joe Light as a practical reference to the problem, the information may be used as the motivational note for students. Teachers should explain that having a desire to learn languages in the future, they may face the problem of inability for doing this. Reading the article by Joe Light (2011), teachers can consider the importance of doing something now, and students can be highly motivated. Modern languages in key stage 3 play very important role in English curriculum. It is obvious that too much attention is paid to communication and the languages students learn. Anna Bawden reports that “Modern languages are increasingly becoming an elite subject, dominated by the middle classes and concentrated at the top universities” (2007). The problem has been created by the closure of the departments in the universities because fewer and fewer students choose languages as their future profession. It is predicted that in the nearest future the UK linguists is going to be a rare profession. To solve the problem, its roots should b considered. Students’ at the key stage 3 have language as a compulsory subject, still, after 14 years old students have an opportunity to choose whether to choose language studying or not. Only half of students choose it. Thus, the teachers in key stage 3 have a responsible task – to encourage students learn modern languages in the future. The article under discussion offers numerous reasons why students should learn languages, especially English, Spani
Adult learning is of great interest to many researchers because continuous education is essential for people’s employment and social status. So, one should discuss the methods that help them acquire new knowledge. In particular, it is necessary to examine the environment in which learning can take place. Adult learners can be viewed as a diverse group of people who differ in terms of their educational needs. For instance, these individuals represent various occupations. These employees have to extend their knowledge on a regular basis. Additionally, some companies encourage their workers to obtain graduate degrees. This task is critical for those people who want to assume the positions of leadership. Furthermore, these adults belong to various cultures. For instance, one can refer to immigrants who need to adjust to the new culture or language. Overall, they can prefer different learning environments. Some of them choose to attend formal institutions such as colleges or universes. In contrast, others seek the assistance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community services. Moreover, they can pursue their studies without any external support. There are three types of learning settings. At first, one should mention formal learning taking place in the institutions that are officially recognized. These organizations have a right to give certificates indicating that a person has some educational qualifications and skills (Merriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner, 2007). In this case, the learning activities of a person follow the subject-based curriculum. Some types of formal education are compulsory. One should also consider the learning in non-formal settings. For instance, researchers mention the education offered by museums or libraries (Coffield, 2000, p. 12). Additionally, NGOs support people living in developing countries. For instance, they can help these individuals achieve computer literacy. These activities do not enable a person to receive the educational certificate that will be officially recognized. Moreover, the assessment standards are less rigorous. Finally, it is n
Value Launching a new product into the market is always fraught with numerous challenges, the threat of being ousted from it by competitors, and the inability to address the financial risks being the key ones. Therefore, determining the business value of the project is crucial to the overall success of the venture and the management of the relevant obstacles that the project developers may have to deal with in the process. Therefore, identifying the project value is a crucial stage of creating the foundation for business success (Gray & Larson, 2011). The identification of the value of the current project is especially significant. Given the fact that the automotive industry is already a very competitive area, with corporate monsters such as Toyota, Tesla, GM, and other organizations working on environmentally-friendly options for drivers, the plank has been raised very high. Thus, identifying the possible value of the identified project, with all possible expenses to be taken in the process, as well as the opportunities for managing the corporate assets accordingly, is imperative (Hartung, 2012). The value of the project charter is going to be quite high. The improved engine specifications, which will allow boosting the performance of the vehicle to the nth degree, can be viewed as a significant competitive advantage that can be used to promote the car efficiently. While the expenses are bound to be rather numerous, it is expected that a cost-efficient strategy based on careful use of the company’s resources and an adequate waste management approach will help address the identified issue (Gray & Larson, 2011). Components Seeing that the project in question is very large, it is going to have a range of components. Not only the production-related aspects of the project but also the ones associated with marketing, cost management, logistics, etc., will have to be addressed. Therefore, it will be reasonable to split the project into the following components:   * Product design;   * Target market research;   * Financial strategy development;   * Risk management strategy development;   * Exit strategy identification;   * Communication strategy development;   * Promotion campaign;   * Production of the car;   * Product distribution. Therefore, it will be imperative to cons
Tom Grace, an eyewitness of a shooting that took place at the campus of Kent State University, described his emotions and feelings related to this event. During the student demonstration against the U.S. intervention in Cambodia, the National Guardsmen came and started to make the students leave by bayonets, tear-gas, stones, and shooting. Four students were killed during this event, nine were wounded, and many received a psychologically traumatic experience. When the National Guardsmen came to the university, Grace felt that the presence of these armed people at the campus was wrong and hostile. He thought that it was them who should leave the university, and not the students who lived and studied there. After the trial, the officers were not punished for killing innocent people, but Grace supposed that some of them feel guilty for that. Grace’s account of events allows one to see the event with the eyes of a person who was there. It could serve as evidence during the trial against the officers who shot the students. As for the inscription of the memorial, Grace’s variant “On May 4, 1970, units of the Ohio National Guard Company H. 107th Armored Cavalry (Troop G) and Company A, 145th Infantry Regiment shot and killed four student protesters and wounded nine others during a demonstration against the U.S. invasion of Cambodia” describes the event as it is (Grace, 1970). However, it perhaps does not allow to feel the horror that felt these students and the injustice of their shooting. I would suggest an inscription: “Here four students who wanted to live in a peaceful country were killed by the soldiers of this country. May 4, 1970”. It can make the reader remember the student’s ideas for which they had to die and to realize that the soldiers that were supposed to protect the people shot them instead. Work Cited Grace, Tom. The Shooting at Kent State , 1970.
Professional development concept Donald Super introduced his conception of professional development in the 1950s. He emphasized vocational self-esteem as the major determinant of professional development and continuous progress. Super defined the five stages of vocational development including the stage of crystallization (14-18), specification (18-21), implementation (21-24), stabilization (25-35), and consolidation (35 +). The stage of crystallization, which encompasses the period from the age of 14 until the age of 18, is characterized by the intense development of the perception of a future career. At this period, the individuals tend to determine which profession is the most interesting for them and to set their professional goals. The stage of specification encompasses the period from the age of 18 until the age of 21. At this period, people, usually, fully understand their goals and the efforts, which should be made by them to achieve these goals. The stage of the specification assumes the obtaining of a clear vision of the career path. The stage of implementation lasts from the age of 21 until the age of 24. This stage is characterized by the first work experience and the first steps in career building. Moreover, individuals recognize the necessity of professional knowledge and skills and try to attend specialized training to acquire them. The stabilization is the fourth stage, which is the period lasting from the age of 25 until the age of 35. At this period, usually, people have already obtained the first work experience and make the final choice regarding their occupation. The consolidation is the fifth stage. It is the period starting from the age of 35. It is the time when people usually progress in their professional development and advance in their careers. Donald Super’s theory has been criticized by many scholars. Some of them argue that the stages described by Super cannot be summarized for all people. They claim that everyone has their concerns during each of the stages. Other scholars argue that his theory is not universal and the characteristics of life’s stages largely depend on the peculiarities of the national mentality. Attachment concept John Bowlby is considered to be a follower of Freud’s psychoanalysis. However, Bowlby’s contribution to psychology lies in the deeper understanding of the concept of the attachment suggested by Freud. John Bowlby developed his theory of attachment, which describes the four features of the attachment. Also, he explains the concept of the attachment figure, which can be described as the person, with whom a child has close bonds. Usually, this person is the mother. Bowlby states that the attachment is characterized by proximity maintenance, haven, secure base, and separation distress. The secure base is often represented by the mother of the child or other attachment figure. They provide security to the infant and help them to obtain the knowledge and perception of the surrounding world. Bowlby stresses that the period from infancy to adolescence
The current issue with Nike stems from its corrupt corporate culture, which puts women in a position of weakness. It allows powerful men in charge of the company to abuse and suppresses them, preventing them from reaching the positions they deserve without being harassed or denigrated. There are four potential ways of dealing with a problem: absolving, solving, resolving, and dissolving (Ackoff, 2019). Given the scope and the long-term aims for Nike and society in general, the only acceptable solution would be to dissolve it. The process of dissolution revolves around removing the underlying causes for the problem to exist in the first place. Absolving means ignoring the problem, solving – giving the women that were harmed some sort of compensation without making changes, and resolving – giving them the means to fight back without actively trying to change the toxic culture towards something better (Singh, 2018). Just allowing women to fight back is not enough – Nike should make it so that they do not have to. From an organizational framework perspective, the transformation of Nike’s culture should be done on all levels, from top to bottom. If harassment, cronyism, and corruption are acceptable at the top, there is nothing to stop them from occurring at the bottom levels (Singh, 2018). Therefore, Parker and the rest of Nike’s leadership must implement policies and solutions on all levels. This involves disincentivizing such behavior and ensuring that any potential sources of it are extinguished before they could take root again. The proposed plan of action, thus, is to conduct a massive revision of every individual employee and manager to determine their complicity in the acts that have been perpetrated in Nike for ages. All individuals found complicit should be removed from the company. That includes Mr. Parker and the rest of the board themselves, as they have been benefitting from the system while closing their eyes on it. The new leadership would be the one to implement and install a new culture based on equality, capability, and diversity.
Introduction Significant increase in the cases of childhood cancer has characterised the past five decades. Even though the survival rate of children has improved tremendously, it is imperative to appreciate that little has been done to understand the psychological and social implications of childhood cancer. Additionally, little has been done to assist kids to cope with life after recovering from cancer (Donovan 2014). The medical advancement and increased rate of survival of children with cancer have called for society to look for ways to reintegrate the kids into school. Indeed, “there is an emergent trend that stresses the importance of incorporating the provision of comprehensive care for pediatric cancer patients that recognises the social and emotional needs of the children in addition to their clinical requirements” (Donovan 2014, p. 141). The comprehensive treatment program seeks to enable children to go on with their academic and social life. According to Gorin and McAuliffe (2013), the education of kids who have recovered from cancer and those struggling with the health condition is a critical issue since it would help them to achieve healthy emotional and social growth. Education institutions should treat children with cancer like normal kids and allow them to engage in activities that they would do were they not suffering from the disease. This literature review will analyse the challenges that children with cancer face in their endeavour to pursue education and how to assist the kids. Literature Review Peers and Social Relationship A study conducted by Fraser (2015) revealed that children with cancer find it difficult to cope with their peers when they return to school. The rationale for the study was to identify what society has done to meet the social needs of children with cancer. A qualitative study carried out on 12 families revealed that kids with cancer have unique social needs that surpass the effect of absence from school. Fraser (2015) posits that cancer treatment results in changes in the physical appearance of a patient. Consequently, when kids with cancer go back to school, their colleagues see them differently. In some instances, it becomes hard for kids with cancer to re-establish a friendship with former members who find them different. Studies indicate that many children who have cancer are reluctant to go back to school because they fear that their friends might not accept them back. Gorin and McAuliffe (2013) support this finding by alleging that kids with cancer occasionally experience seclusion and rebuff by peers, which border the isolation that children with disabilities encounter. Lightfoot, Mukherjee and Sloper (2012, p. 61) posit, “The novelty of the child’s condition and possible shock that peers experience when a child who has had cancer returns to school can have a negative impact on how they react to
High proliferative activity in the ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) layer, sometimes leading to cancerous growth, is believed to be associated with multiple ovulation and the resultant mitogenic effect of hormones at the site of ovulation. Estrous (cycling), anoestrous and pregnant ewes were selected in this study to evaluate whether OSE and follicular granulocyte cells’ proliferation is affected by the reproductive stages of the animal. For this purpose, the level of proliferation was tested immunohistochemically using two nuclear protein markers, PCNA and Ki-67. Further, based on the morphological appearance of granulosa cells, the frequency of primordial, transitory, primary, preantral, and antral follicles was determined in the three groups of animals. Photomicrographs of the OSE layer revealed disorganized cells only in estrous ewes over corpus luteum. The same group also presented high Ki-67 immunoreactivity in the OSE layer indicative of high proliferative response. PCNA staining was also detectable in the OSE layer but at all follicular developmental stages, which suggests that, unlike the Ki-67 marker, this marker does not necessarily recognize the cell multiplication-related DNA synthesis activity. In all the reproductive groups, the granulosa cells of primary, preantral and antral but not the primordial and transitory follicles exhibited a varying degree of immunostaining with PCNA, the maximum being in cycling animals. When the Ki-67 marker was used, granulosa cells of primary follicles in the cycling, and more differentiated follicles in all the groups reacted positively. The frequency of different follicles also varied in the three groups. While primordial and transitory follicle counts were nearly similar in each group of the animals, the frequency of preantral and antral follicles was lower in the pregnant than in the anoestrous and cycling groups. Within this low percentage to the size of the antral follicle also varied significantly in the three groups. The small antrum (<2 mm and 2-3 mm) were uniformly present in all the animals but the larger ones (3-4 and 4-5 mm) were nearly absent in the pregnant ewes. We discussed the role of progesterone produced in the corpus luteum in suppressing follicular development during pregnancy. The antrum before maturing becomes atretic. In anoestrous ewes, estrogen may have an overriding effect on progesterone and follicular development goes on normal, especially the antrum attains normal size. It is in the cycling animals, were due to frequent ovulation, the OSE cells in proximity to ovulating follicle or post-ovulating corpus luteum exhibit massive proliferative activity and disorganized colonization. In the normal course, this may lead to epithelial regeneration in the wounded s
Introduction The article that a reaction paper is written on is one written by Block et al on the subject of Child Abuse and Neglect titled “Abused and neglected children in court: knowledge and attitudes” (Block, Oran H., Oran D, Baumrind and Goodman, 2010). This is an important research area given that 10% of all emergency related cases among children in hospitals are as a result of abuse according to a research study by Johnson (Johnson, nd). The objective of this paper was to determine the level of knowledge and nature of attitudes among maltreated children who appeared in court during their detention case hearings (Block et al, 2010). In order to obtain a high respondent rate the researcher picked a state jurisdiction which had high rate of maltreated minors attending their custodial case hearings. The researchers also sought to determine what factors determines the nature of the children’s attitudes or their level of knowledge as well as how the minors felt about their level of participation during the court proceedings (Block et al, 2010). This research article attempted to investigate several issues by investigating key theories on the subj
Introduction For several decades already English has been used for international communication. It allows the representatives from different countries to communicate easily without knowing their native languages. Thus, it is used for formal interactions and non-formal ones. This language is taught in numerous countries so that today more people speak English as a second or a foreign language rather than the first one. It is believed that the reason for such expansion was the business. As many American organizations became prosperous, they started to spread to other countries and brought the language with them. That is why today we have a global language, which allows us to manage the business, gain the education, share ideas and develop. Many scientists tried to create an artificial language for such purposes, but these languages failed to become widely used. So we consider that English has a positive impact on intercultural communication and different spheres of life, as it enhances understanding between different people, even though teaching English occurs to be a controversial issue. English in Saudi Arabia The English language has greatly influenced different spheres of life and business in Saudi Arabia. The influence of the English-speaking countries became visible at the beginning of the 20 th century. At the time of the First World War, it became a British protectorate. Soon by dint of the diplomatic relations, Saudi Arabia started to cooperate with the US. Thus, Saudi Arabia and these countries became allies. Due to such relations, English entered the sphere of business. So it is not surprising that in 1924 it was first taught at school. Today English is considered to be the main foreign language. Lots of studying programmes are increasing the interest of the population. They were not only private, so about 50 years ago the Women’s Renaissance Charity Society helped more than 200 women to learn English (Al-Hazmi, 2007). Nowadays the number of private schools where children can learn English has greatly increased. It happened due to the fact that many workers who came from foreign countries earn well. Their children gain an opportunity to leave a public school and transfer to a private one where more attention is paid to English. Such approach is important, as knowing the language they can easily enter a multicultural environment and enter Western universities. English departments are establishing throughout the country, which proves that English has greatly influenced education, which affects many other spheres. Umm Al-Qura, King Saud universities and many others are to graduate professionals for jobs that need good English skills. One more advantage of English is that it allows to get to know and utilize Western technologies and scientific achievements to secure the development within Saudi Arabia. The politics support the spread of English, as “A Saudi capable of speaking English can teach native English speakers (citizens of Great Britain, the United States, Canada, Australia, etc.) the message of Allah without going through: a) a tiresome process of translation which might eliminate certain nuances of meaning;