ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The importance of history to humankind cannot be overstated. This assertion is founded on the view that history plays a pivotal role in helping humankind to understand the occurrences of the present times. Mostly, events that occur in the present are connected inextricably with past events. As such, in order to make meaning out of such events, there is a need to trace its history in a bid to help in understanding the relevance of its occurrence in the present context. Over the years, this importance of history has inspired humankind to devise ways of preserving history. In effect, numerous ways of recording and storing history are at the disposal of humankind in the contemporary times. Among the numerous mechanisms of depicting historical events is the use of film (motion pictures). Film industries across the world have invested in movies, which recount the events of the past with notable success. Hollywood, which is the world’s leading film industry, has churned out numerous history-inspired movies since its inception. Many of such movies often elicit ambivalent reactions from the audience within the United States and across the world. The reactions stem from the idea that the movies fail to capture the historical events that they depict with the accuracy and detail they deserve. 1 It has been established that many historical films’ depiction of historical events considerably differs with what is recorded in written texts. 2 In other cases, movie directors simply choose to ignore important aspects of the historical event in question. These disparities have been a debatable issue between filmmakers and historians for a long time as for historians, if films are to pass as an alternative medium of telling history, they need to incorporate all the necessary aspects of the historical events. 3 In the light of this controversy, this essay seeks to examine the extent to which Hollywood’s depiction of the American history is limited to the American White. This assertion holds as critics of Hollywood’s depiction of the American history argue that it is biased and non-objective. 4 Preamble Hollywood is the United States’ film hub and consequently the world’s leading entertainment hub. Since its inception, many historically inspired movies have been produced in its giant studios. However, the concern has been raised over the authenticity and historical accuracy of most movies because their portrayal of history is alleged to be distorted and biased. Analysts have attempted to come up with many explanations as to why Hollywood produces such apparently misrepresentative movies, with some arguing that economic reasons drive movie producers to ignore some vital aspects of history in order to avoid upsetting influential people or be consistent with the majority views. 5 As a result, minority groups reportedly have reservations with the movies
Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) entails the responsibilities that businesses have towards the societies within which they operate. Effective corporate social responsibility is associated with enhancing the value of shareholders. When a firm runs its business in a manner that accounts for social responsibility, the image and brand of the firm is highly recognized as well as respected. The recognition and respect for a firm’s brand is noted to affect the shareholders positively through adoption of a company’s products and services that is reflected by increased sales (Glann, 2009). There are various models of corporate social responsibility that guide businesses in executing their social responsibilities towards the societies within which they operate. For philanthropy model of CSR, companies are free to contribute to the social needs of the societies where they operate, but firms cannot be forced to do so. The integrative model entails a complete integration of social responsibility with a company’s mission as well as its strategy. The social web model considers firms as a citizen of the society in which it operates and thus, business should comply with the various ethical requirements and obligations that all citizens in the community face. The economic model involves limiting a company’s social responsibility to minimal economic responsibility of offering products and services, while ensuring they maximize profits within the law (Hartman & Desjardins, 2011). Coca Cola Values and CSR Model Most Closely Associated With the Values Coca Cola is a company that upholds social corporate responsibility towards the community within which it operates. Coca Cola Company focuses on social responsibilities on various spheres of its operations. Coca Cola company social responsibilities values encompass social, economic, ethical as well as environmental concerns. Through the philanthropic model, the company is very committed towards the social affairs of the community. In order to cater for the social affairs of the community, Coca Cola Company provid
Principles There is a multiplicity of principles that not only inform the direction of my higher education and its relation to professional work but also make the decision-making process both unique and challenging. The first principle is embedded in the fact that I am personally responsible for determining what I need to learn in higher education programs to make my professional work more meaningful and purposeful. The second principle revolves around the fact that I should base all my learning on clear and identifiable outcomes that will go a long way in improving my professional work. This means that it is of importance to first assess my needs in professional work life in order to determine which direction to take in my academic or scholarly life. Another principle revolves around the fact that my learning engagement in institutions of higher learning should have the capacity to equip me with various life and professional skills, not to mention that it should help me to develop and actualize the needed intellectual, personal and social resources that will fuel my potential in the professional domain. Other principles include engaging with valued forms of knowledge, recognizing the importance of prior experience and learning, as well as identifying with informal learning mechanisms. Habits of Mind It is my firm belief that various habits of mind can be effective in assisting me to achieve the goals that I have set for myself in higher education and professional work; however, I need to continually fine-tune and improve these habits to ensure optimal effectiveness. Some of these habits include  1. thinking flexibly as well as thinking about my own thinking (metacognition) in order to develop the capacity to listen with intent in class and work-related settings,  2. taking responsible risks to increase my capacity to reach my fullest potential,  3. thinking and communicating with clarity and precision to demonstrate a higher level of understanding,  4. finding humor to avoid stress and maintain an appropriate equilibrium between my academic, professional and personal life,  5. thinking interdependently in order to develop strong analytical skills,  6. applying past knowledge to new situations,  7. striving for accuracy,  8. managing impulsivity (thinking before acting) to demonstrate maturity and control in my
The study The purpose of the study consists in the attitude of mainstream teachers towards the inclusion of children with disabilities. The attitude helps to develop strong positive relationships with students because it provides them with hope for the future. Students are taught how to go about bad situations that may crop up in their lives and to concentrate on achieving their goals regardless of disability. The study deals with the inclusion of students with diverse abilities in a normal classroom Design & Procedure Correlational statistical design is chosen by the authors as an appropriate one for this kind of study. The questionnaires are carefully planned to yield pertinent data as far as the motives for the desired ends are concerned. SPSS is the most common statistical software employed for the analysis of various kinds of data with assured accuracy due to being dependent on computers more than on manual calculations nowadays. The statistical instruments include response scales of 1-7 ranging from ‘Strongly Agree’ to ‘Strongly Disagree’, which suggests that a lot of data were to be generated for the statistical analysis. The author describes all the instruments in detail as far as their historical origin and validity for this particular study are concerned. In identical studies done in the past, correlations were within permissible limits of consistency as well as accuracy required to form valid inferences. The quality of outcomes The authors use real-world measures such as sample size, population, and predictor variables. The study should involve a predictive design. Measures of the same construct should be measured sometimes in the future, and similar sets of data are compared with ascertaining validity. Participant’s outcome reported The results include all the teachers who participated. No teacher left before the completion of the project. According to the authors, participants’ information was very important to provide reliable results. Long-term outcomes The long-term outcomes are shown in the report. The authors insist that inclusion is an entity in itself. Regular practice enables one to achieve better work outcomes. Limitations of the study As is stated by the authors, the limitation of this research is the inability of correlation. It is based on studies to provide evidence for the inclusion of students with disabilities. This example is a ‘convenience sample’ because the participants were aware of the aims of the study. Practical and Clinical Significance Extremely important interdependence was established between variable data. All instruments studied by the author show statistically significant positive relationships with each other leading the writers to conclude that attitude, career satisfaction, and life satisfaction are positively correlated with each other. Sample size adequacy The study deals with 72
The company and industry overview Apple Inc. is a publicly listed American company specializing in the production of high technological electronic products, computer hardware, and software (Apple Inc. 4). Under the electronic hardware category, the company products include personal computers, media devices, mobile communication, and portable-digital music players. In addition to high tech hardware devises, the company produces a variety of software applications including third-party digital content applications and networking solutions (Apple Inc. 4). Within the mobile communications category, the company has launched into the market variety of Smartphones including iphone and other android Smartphones that has significantly hit the world Smartphones market. Currently, the Smartphone market share is valued at approximately five billion dollars with Apple products claiming 1.6 billion dollars, second after the Samsung products. The Smartphones market is expected to grow in the next five years, approximately an increase of 0.55% annually. Apple market share is robust with expected growth of 1.67% annually (Apple Inc. 4). This growth in the market share is driven by the popularity of its brands among the younger generation. Apple Inc. brands are very popular in many countries. Its products iphone is highly welcomed by majority of young generation particularly the college students. The popularity of the brand has enabled the company to be successful and become the leader in Smartphones market under a highly competitive and volatile environment (Linzmayer 34). The company Smartphone, iphone, has remained to be most likable in the Smartphones market and has contributed over two billion dollars in revenue for the company. Though the market is highly competitive with new models entering the market, the worldwide Smartphone market is rapidly growing. The majority of companies are targeting younger generation whose popularity with Smartphone is ever increasing (Linzmayer 34). it is expected that the Smartphones will be contributing over ten billion dollars in revenue over the next five years. PESTEL analysis This tool is normally used to analyze the macro-environment in which the company operates as well as the external factors that may affect its products (Herzog 112). The macro-environmental factors include the political, economical, social technological, and legal. This analysis looks into the broader external factors that influence the company Smartphones market. Political factors Apple Inc. is a multinational company operating in many countries especially in North America, Europe and Asia. As such, its products are sold in a wide spectrum of political environments. Moreover, its Smartphones consumers are spread across the political divide found in all parts of the world. Therefore, political consideration is very important factor especially when introducing a particular product in the foreign country market (Nijssen and Frambach 23). For instance, most of the company Smartphones is manufactured in China. Majority are sold within the Chinese market. Thus the company marketing strategies must be in line with the country policy
Introduction: Targets and Best Buy Open the Hunting Season It goes without saying that selling a product without a decent promotion strategy is practically impossible. It is only a specific technique that will help a product become recognized and be quite popular. Analyzing some of the pictures of products, one can possibly define the strategies used and estimate the success of the latter. The Pictures Classification: Consumer Promotion Techniques in Action Sampling: everything is free Offering free samples is rather popular practice. In the analyzed pictures, EverCreme (“FREE”) is offered as a free sample. Couponing: get a special discount Another smart way to boost sales, couponing is used by Listerine Ultraclean (“Save 15% now!”) with the line on the package saying “Detach here for instant saving at checkout”. Premiums: only here and now Premiums are quite a peculiar means to sell more goods for what might seem to the clients as ridiculous price. A striking example of such strategy is Sony (“99.99 (Reg. $119.99)”). Contests: win a T-shirt Rather simple, yet surprisingly efficient, the given strategy creates the impression of “free lunch,” yet with no obvious traps. The labels using this tactics are: Bud Light (“Win team gear, tickets, Super Bowl trips”) and Kellogg’s (“Win $200 in grocery cash daily”). Bonus packs: take two for one Quite frequently used., the idea of selling two or more packages of certain goods is obvious in the pictures with Neutrogena (“Twin pack 25% value”), Bounty Paper towels (“33% more sheets”), Gatorade (“When you purchase any two (2) Gatorade”, “Or purchase the bottle for $5.99”), Seagrams (“Buy tow to get one free”), Sunkist (“2/$7.00”), and Nicki Minaj’s album (“Contains Pink Friday Roman Reloaded Deluxe CD & T-shirt”). Price-off: when labeling seems right Sales are definitely the most efficient way to get the customers’ attention, and they are efficiently used by the following brands: SONY (“Save $100” for a NexP3 camera), Clearance (“50% off”), Slazenger (“Free!!! Dozen golf balls with purchase of one shirt or jacket”), and Open Box (“Your final price $518.99. Your savings $681.00”). Pictures Classification: Trade Promotion, Assorted However, there are various methods of trade promotion. Taking a closer look at the pictures, one can specify three types of trade promotion. Pop displays: getting the message across Among the suggested examples of advertisements, the following ones can be considered as pop displays: the assorted range of Fruit Pies ( Fruit Pie with strawberry flavor, Fruit Pie with cherry flavor, Pudding Pie , etc.) and the advertisement of Listerine Ultraclean with a price-off label. Dealer loader: thank you for buying our products As for dealer loader examples, one can see that the most stri
Introduction A decade into the 21st century, women in nearly all progressive countries across the world continue to be disadvantaged in their careers relative to men. Despite sustained efforts by governments and industry to promote gender equality in the workplace, women persist to experience occupational segregation, wage disparities, fewer promotions, and less significant wage increases (Schweitzer et al., 2011). This view is reinforced by Schreuders et al. (2009), who observes that occupational segregation, particularly in science and engineering fields, has been a matter of concern for governments and scholars worldwide. Available statistics demonstrate that in spite of their talent, ability, and opportunity, women continue to be underrepresented in these critical sectors of the economy (Schweitzer et al, 2011), with Bhatia & Amati (2010) suggesting that the segregation is the direct consequence of social, political, and economic systems that continue to reinforce gender stereotyping and role expectations. On her part, Bystydzienski (2004) posits that it is the lack of encouragement, mentorship, support and appropriate socialization to enter and remain in the sciences, engineering, or technology-related fields that is entirely to blame for the few number of women exhibiting interest in these fields. Although many research studies (e.g., Baron & Cobb-Clark, 2010; Coder et al., 2009; Franzway et al., 2009; Morganson et al., 2010) have been initiated in a focused attempt to understand the reasons behind the noted occupational segregation of women in science and engineering fields, only a handful (e.g., Kotsilieri & Marshall, 2004) have attempted to evaluate the trajectories of these dynamics from an industry-specific perspective. Furthermore, these studies do not attempt to place the findings in a broader, historical, and institutional context, not mentioning that they lack the comparators necessary to understand the problem within a wider social and geographical context. It is these gaps in knowledge that provide the impetus to undertake the present study, which aims to understand why there are few women in the telecommunications sector in Europe and the Middle East. Background of the Study Schreuders et al. (2009) observe that “…unlike other historically male-dominated occupations that have seen gains in achieving gender equity, many sciences, math, and engineering fields have remained peculiarly unbalanced in terms of gender” (p. 97). Other research studies (e.g., Kusku et al.; 2007; Coder et al., 2009; Kotsilieri & Marshall, 2004) demonstrate that underrepresentation of women in engineering and technology-related fields continue to widen as women engineers and technicians find themselves swimming against the tide of prejudice intrinsically reinforced by the social, cultural, psychological and economic realities of life. These assertions are supported by well-documented data. A survey conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor and cited in Coder et al (2009) indicates that while women made up an estimated 43% of the information technology (I.T.) workforce in 1983, th
Risk Identification And Justification The identified disaster risk is tornado, which is defined as “a violently rotating column in contact with the ground that is usually overhanging from a parent cumulonimbus cloud” (Vinod 2011, par 7). This disaster brings lots of impacts to the community living in the region. Though most Tornados last for only a few minutes, they have been viewed as being the most destructive meteorological disasters in the world. However, there are those Tornados which might last for several hours, and might even travel for a very long distance apart from being wide. Due to the fact that this risk is prone during storms, heavy rains and bad weather conditions particularly in the evening, Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) will be affected most in case Tornado strikes the region. This is because of its location and weather patterns. In addition, since IUB is located within right front Quadrant, it will be affected by tornadoes and heavy rains; which might lead to life and property loss, as well as infrastructure destruction. IUB Vulnerability Due to the fact that Tornado is a natural disaster that locations around IUB need to be prepared of; there are lots of vulnerabilities in the University. There are many facilities in IUB that are being controlled by many people. For instance, in case the disaster happens and affect learning institutions like Universities in the region, the university will incur a lot of losses. For example, the university has buildings being used as classrooms, offices, dining halls, stores, and hostels among other things. In case such buildings are destroyed by Tornado, the university will have to incur lots of expenses to rebuild them. In addition, in case classrooms are destroyed, learning activities will be affected much. This is because before rebuilding, learning
Introduction Governments use evidence-based models to complete projects that can meet their citizens’ needs. In an attempt to achieve its goals before 2030, Saudi Arabia has partnered with public and private corporations from different parts of the world. The discussion presented below describes how such a model for the petrochemical industry will benefit several stakeholders. Analysis of the Joint Venture For many decades, governments have formed public-private partnerships (PPPs) to achieve most of their objectives and address their citizens’ challenges. The leaders of Saudi Arabia have established a joint venture with companies such as Sadara and Total to build petrochemical projects. The nature of the targeted arrangement is that these corporations will utilize most of their resources and innovations to deliver every outlined objective. With the possession of advanced technologies, experts, and manpower, the identified companies will produce superior products depending on the country’s industrial demands. Since Saudi Arabia is a leading player in the global oil sector, the established joint venture is expected to create the best environment for undertaking complex researches, addressing emerging challenges, and presenting evidence-based ideas to support the nation’s objectives (Saundalkar). The suggested joint venture will bring on board different players and actors in an attempt to promote sustainability and economic development. This strategy will make it easier for Saudi Arabians to compete with their business rivals in Asia. Projected Benefits: Vision 2030 Saudi Vision 2030 is a national plan aimed at minimizing the country’s reliance on oil and transform its key sectors, including health, tourism, infrastructure, education, and infrastructure. In order to achieve these objectives, the government has focused on ventures that can present s