ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In a recent NY Times article, Chernobyl nuclear plant explosion is touted as the gravest nuclear accident to have ever occurred in human history. The explosion occurred on the 26th of April, 1986 at 1:23:58 am. According to the article, on this Saturday, the Ukraine located nuclear power station that had four reactors exploded during reactor number 4’s testing (Wald, 2011). Consequently, the temperature rose beyond 2,000 degrees Celsius and as a result melting the fuel rods (Wald, 2011). The quality issues raised in the article, therefore, were design and operation flaws. Although it is known that the explosion was a result of a power surge, the exact causes of this surge remained uncertain. However, the article categorically floated the idea that the fire and meltdown resulted from design flaws as well as operational errors. Chosen Quality Management Tools for Use   * Brainstorming: This approach is chosen due to its ability to allow the exploration of a range of options. Additionally, it forms the basic starting point of investigations whereby a range of possibilities is floated for further evaluation. Through this tool, various professionals can propose multiple factors that could result in quality problems at the plant.   * Cause and effect diagram: This approach is as well useful in such an evaluation given that it allows various possible causes to be linked to their likely effects. This allows the quality management team to not make timely identification of the possible challenges but also make headway in identifying the impact the individual challenges are likely to have on the plant’s functionality.   * Pareto Chart: Based on the concept that most of the challenges in operation are caused by only a few problem items. This is useful in the identification of those items with extremely grave consequences and accords them, the importance they deserve. 3 actions to be taken in investigating the problem  1. Undertake a critical investigation of possible challenges associated with the management of the nuclear plant. This includes reviewing the reasons behind the successes and failures of other plants.  2. Bring together a team of experts to review the scenario and suggest possible causes.  3. Investigate each case and look at its possible effect on the building while attempting to match the recorded facts relating to the problem.
This analytical essay traces the different aspects of the Greek drama contextualizes it and then approaches the dramatic art form of ancient Greece as the beckoning light for the later generation theatrical performances. The question has been approached from not only a technical aspect but the social and religious aspect has also been dealt with . “Theater has been used as an extension of religious festivals…” (History Channel, 2008). “ The Greek drama began as a religious observance in honour of Dionysus” (Mills, 2003). However, the modern theater has become more commercialized and has become a potential arena of political, social, and cultural discourses, increasingly involving the masses (more of an epitome of the public sphere). “Theatre, which had been dominated by the Church for centuries, and then by the tastes of monarchs for more than 200 years, became accessible to merchants, industrialists, the bourgeoise and then the masses.” (IPAG). Thus, modern plays like those of Brecht deal more with realism and are mimetic, rather than being wholly supernatural and mystical. The Greek dramas performed during the period were of two types- Tragedy and Comedy. The tragedy was “a narrative, ballad-like genre” (Wikipedia contributors, 2008) where the hero often met evil forces which overpowered him and lead to his ultimate destruction. The most potent example of this is the tragic character of Oedipus, immortalized in the Western literary and theatrical genre. Comedy was on the contrary comprised of burlesque and satirical themes, often taking the form of social farces. A scenic wall or background began to be made use of in Greek drama from 465 B.C. It “stood behind the orchestra, which also served as an area where actors could change their costumes” (Wikipedia contributors, 2008). “The skene was directly in back of the stage, and was usually decorated as a palace, temple, or other building, depending on the needs of the play. It had at least one set of doors, and actors could make entrances and exits through them.” (Walter Englert, 2008) It served the purpose of a modern-day stage background and greenroom. Theatrical space of Ancient Greece was not simply an arena of entertainment, a social indicator as well. “The theatres were originally built on a very large scale to accommodate…large number of people in the audience” (Wikipedia contributors, 2008). Earlier the viewing arrangement comprised largely and completely of wooden seats, for all. Later however a more permanent arrangement was made when stone seats were added to the theater
Introduction Learning health-associated subjects throughout medical and nursing professional training implies the research and comprehension of a large body of materials and the acquisition of multiple skills and competencies. To improve the learning experience and outcomes, educators and healthcare leaders have strived to integrate new technologies into the curriculum and staff education programs. One of them is the virtual reality (VR) technology, which provides opportunities for simulation training and quick acquisition of anatomical knowledge, as well as psychomotor skills. Overall, the use of VR in the healthcare sector holds both a great promise and multiple challenges. Thus, the present research project will aim to explore them. Research Questions and Project Parameters Recent research evidence makes it clear that the VR technology can help healthcare practitioners develop and retain expertise before engaging in practice and, as a result, reduce the chance of error in such technically demanding medial fields as neurosurgery and others (Siu et al., 2016; Suri, Patra, & Meena, 2016). Based on this, the main research question is as follows: what are the benefits of using VR in the healthcare sector? Additionally, it is hypothesised that various organisational factors defining the manner VR is implemented may substantially determine the overall training outcomes. Thus, the second research question is as follows: what are the barriers to effective use of VR in the healthcare sector? To answer the formulated questions, the data will be collected from at least thirty participants included in trainee and trainer groups that will complete the VR competency curriculum. The objective data will be gathered to inform the exploration of the first question, and it will focus on such performance measures as time, volume, and efficiency of task completion; the number of errors pre- and post-training, and so forth. The subjective data will be gathered to evaluate participants’ perceptions regarding the utility of VR, as well as organisational facilitators and obstacles to its application. The expected timeframe for project completion is eight months. Research Framework The philosophical basis for the present research project is the critical realism theory. According to Saunders, Lewis, and Thornhill (2015), critical realism implies that individuals’ knowledge about reality is a result of environmental and social conditioning and, therefore, it cannot be comprehended without exploring the forces involved in the knowledge formation process. Based on this, the research project is intended as a multi-level study aimed to investigate individual, group, and organisational factors. Additionally, the study will employ the deduction approach aimed to test the proposed theory-based hypotheses. This method will allow finding casual relationships among such variables as VR training completion and practitioners’ skilfulness, organisational barriers and training effectiveness, and so forth. Research Design The sequential, exploratory, quantitative design will be utilised in the research project. It will take the form of an experiment beca
I am personally convinced that strong and capable leadership that emphasizes full partnership and collaboration with all stakeholders is essential in not only transforming the nursing profession at the local level but also in advancing the potential for contemporary high-quality patient care. Such a leadership approach will require a unique set of skills, which include open communication, high-level collaborative ability, as well as superior capabilities in coordinating, integrating, and facilitating the team practices required to develop mutual commitment between stakeholders (Porter-O’Grady, 2011). I am of the opinion that the leadership of collaboration and transformation will be instrumental in facilitating action to design and initiate appropriate changes required to enhance quality, access, value, and wellness in a patient-centered care environment at the local level. It is important to note that real collaboration in the interdisciplinary care environments which characterize health care delivery at the local level obliges the assumption of full responsibility for spearheading and coordinating efforts that identify challenges associated with waste, healthcare enhancement, tracking quality improvement, advocating for high-quality patient care, as well as achieving the set objectives and goals. The necessity for nursing education has been well established and documented, with the available nursing literature showing a relationship between nursing education and the actualization of professional competence among nurses (Smith, 2003). At a personal level, I can say that nursing education fits in my future as it will enable me to not only keep up with the shifting technological and patient care trends brought into the limelight by new medical breakthroughs and threats of emerging or evolving diseases, but also to improve patient care outcomes through continuous exposure to journals, webinars, videos, field experiences, and clinical trials, among other educational content. Nursing education also fits in my future as it provides me with the capacity to demonstrate professionalism by keeping up with emerging evidence-based practices reported in journal articles and other modes of education. Lastly, nursing education assists me to develop the various levels of skills and competencies required in practice settings.
Introduction Drug absorption is defined as the movement of a drug into the bloodstream (Birckelbraw, 2007). Among the factors that can affect the absorption process are the ways the drug is designed and manufactured, its physical and chemical properties and the physiological characteristics of the person taking the drug. A drug product can be explained as the actual dosage form of a drug, which consists of two ingredients which are the drug (active ingredient) and the additives (inactive ingredients) (Kopacek, 2007). The blood level of the drug may become too high if a tablet releases the drug too quickly, thus, causing an excessive response. Contrastingly, if the tablet releases the drug at a much slower pace, most of the drug may be eliminated without being absorbed, which may result in blood levels being too low. Drug manufacturers create the tablet to release the drug at the desired speed. Thus, drug products that contain the same drug may have different inactive ingredients, which also cause the absorption of the drug from different products to vary. Drug products that not only contain the same active ingredient but also produce virtually the same blood levels at the same points in time are considered bioequivalent. Bioavailability is affected by food, other drugs, and digestive disorders (Hauss, 2007). For instance, high-fibre foods may bind with a drug which may prevent it from being absorbed. Drug absorption may be reduced as Laxatives and diarrhoea, which speed up the passage of substances through the digestive tract. Apart from that, surgical removal of parts such as the stomach or colon may also affect drug absorption. Besides that, where and how long a drug product is stored can affect drug bioavailability. The process of drug absorption is quite complex, and the extent of absorption changes according to the characteristics of the drug. Some of these factors include formulation, solubility and permeability. Intestinal motility, regional permeability differences, pH value, luminal and mucosal enzymes are some of the physiological variables affecting drug absorption. Recent advances in pharmaceutical sciences have led to the development of several quantitative and qualitative methods to determine the extent of oral drug absorption. Noyes Whitney equation relates the rate at which a drug dissolves to the properties of the solid and the dissolution medium. This equation is based on the diffusion layer model of dissolution and uses a quantitative analysis that relates the amount of time taken to dissolve a drug from solid particles. It governs the rate at which drugs are absorbed by the intestinal membrane and is very critical in pharmaceutical science. It explains how solubility and surface area can affect dissolution rate. dC/dt = ( D. A)/h (C s – C)   * C is the drug concentr
Identifying the argument Twilight in the Desert: The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy by Matthew R. Simmons Synopses & Reviews Publisher Comments Saudi Arabia is the most important oil-producing nation in history. The secretive Saudi government repeatedly assures the world that its oil fields are healthy beyond reproach and that they can maintain and even increase output at will to meet skyrocketing global demand. But what if they can’t? Twilight in the Desert looks behind the curtain to reveal a Saudi oil and production industry that could soon approach a serious, irreversible decline. In this exhaustively researched book, veteran oil industry analyst Matthew Simmons draws on his own three-plus decades of insider experience. More than 200 independently produced reports about Saudi petroleum resources and production operations. He uncovers a story about Saudi Arabia’s troubled oil industry, not to mention its political and societal instability, which differs sharply from the globally accepted Saudi version. It’s a provocative and disturbing story, based on undeniable facts, but until now never told in its entirety. Twilight in the Desert examines numerous aspects of Saudi Arabia and its looming oil crisis, including:   * The seventy-year history of modern Saudi Arabia and the truth behind its troubling mix of monarchy, conservative Islam, severe social restrictions, and economic contradictions.   * Why the geological phenomena that created Saudi oil invincibility now threaten to bring it to an end, far sooner than the world has been led to believe.   * A field-by-field assessment of twelve key Saudi oil fields and how verified shortfalls in their production and potential stand sharply at odds with unverifiable Saudi rhetoric. While Saudi officials promise to increase production from current levels if necessary, Twilight in the Desert examines the history of other major oil fields to determine that Saudi Arabia is overproducing its primary resources and couldn’t possibly ramp up production for long. It calls for long-overdue transparency on the part of the Saudis and all significant global oil producers, along with urgently needed energy data reform and a global energy blueprint for how the world will cope once Saudi oil output has peaked. Without question, Saudi Arabian oil fields provide the rest of the world with its most plentiful, low-cost oil resource. The question is, how long
Play Oedipus by Sophocles is a valuable piece of literature for modern students to read. Sophocles raised many themes which are highly relevant to modern society. He wrote about the youth and age, about mental blindness, predestination, and destiny, and the role played by every person in the life of the community. The main theme of the play is light and darkness. Oedipus, the key characteristic of the play, is physically blind and lives in complete darkness. However, he manages to have a perfect vision of his life. In addition, Sophocles shows that people can be dark inside. Oedipus does not know his own origins and commits a murder. Probably, though the character of the king, Sophocles wants to portray a dark side of society. This theme is relevant for any time and any society. Just like hundreds of years ago, today there are dark, corrupted people as well as good citizens who strive to help others. In addition, Sophocles delivers a powerful message through his play: every person should know his origins. In the play, Oedipus sought his own origins because he understands the importance of knowing his own family. Ironically, Oedipus finds out that he is the son of his own wife. The play is important for modern students to read because it uncovers the social problems. From one side, it is necessary to know family ties. On the other side, the quest may result in unexpected discovery. The mere fact that Oedipus’ wife
Introduction Collaborative learning arrangements are vital in teaching children, especially in early years settings. Without these skills, young learners can experience considerable problems in communicating and co-working with others both at the initial stages of education and at other levels. One of the most effective approaches to increase children’s collaborative abilities is cooperative learning. Pieces of evidence indicate that apart from numerous benefits for children, cooperative learning can pose threats for teachers (Johnson & Johnson, 1999; Le et al., 2018; Patterson, 2018). Particularly, including disabled children in the collaboration process may bring about difficulties for educators and young learners alike. The paper focuses on collaborative learning, its advantages and limitations, and recommendations on eliminating barriers. Collaborative and Cooperative Learning The Chosen Arrangement and Its Benefits Teachers utilize a variety of approaches to make the process of learning smooth and increase its availability to children. Collaborative learning is one of such methods, which is defined as “a set of teaching and learning strategies” aimed at improving children’s collaboration in small groups (Le et al., 2018, p. 103). Meanwhile, cooperation presupposes the mutual work of learners on the accomplishment of shared goals. Cooperative learning includes cooperation and collaboration, both of which concern several individuals interacting on the way to g
The Scientific Method Isn’t What It Used to Be (Herreid, 2010) This case study aims at explaining how science has changed over time. It tries to show how scientific method has changed from the time when it was a five-step procedure that included asking question, formulation of hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, data collection and making conclusions. According to the case study, some colleagues from University at California have established a website ( https://undsci.berkeley.edu/ ) that facilitates the understanding of science. The main key themes include science in a nutshell, what is science, scientific evidence, how science works among others. According to the case study, the site describes science concerns in the following issues:  1. Science aims at explaining the natural world  2. It uses testable ideas  3. It depends on evidence  4. It involves the scientific community  5. It leads to the continuing research and society benefits The site provides a comparison of Rutherford’s argument about the nature of the atoms and the claims of astrology and intelligent design. It is evident that astrology and ID do not show the scientific ideals. For instance, ID doesn’t focus on explaining the natural world and its ideas cannot be verified. The ID proponents also don’t allow modification of the ideas in response to investigation by the scientific society. This implies that this is not science that that we are applying. The site also provides the limitation of science as follows   * It doesn’t make moral judgments   * It doesn’t have aesthetic judgment   * It doesn’t explain the procedure of using scientific knowledge   * It doesn’t make conclusions concerning supernatural phenomena The site provides a basis to average citizens for approaching the hearsays of science when they are not sure of what to believe. How science works Berkeley website model indicates that science is a non-linear process. The hypothetical procedure is not sophisticated and may result into critical misconception as provided by the website;   * Science is complete, it involves gathering facts and a single scientific method to be used by scientists   * Scientific process involves analysis using either deductive or inductive reasoning or not creativity.   * The most crucial part of the process is experiment.   * The ideas of science are absolute, dynamic, tentative, untrustworthy, verifiable, and judgmental and can only be proved or disapproved by science.   * Science is pure and is independent from other ideas and scientists being purely objective in their analysis of the ideas.   * Science contradicts the existence of creator and it is solitary in pursuit. The Berkeley model The diagram above shows intersection of spheres which includes Ex