ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction There are differences and similarities between robbery and burglary. Burglary occurs when one enters a place without the owner’s permission usually with the objective of committing a felony (Siegel, 2015). For instance, the individual could get into an apartment and commit a crime such as theft. The occurrences that result to burglary do not just involve theft. The victims of the apartment theft do not have to be there when the offense is being done. Robbery, on the other hand, is the larceny that is committed through the use of threat, pressure, and violence. The unlawful act of taking someone’s property away with the aim of depriving them permanently is larceny, for instance, if a man goes to a person and threatens to kill them if they do not hand their belongings to him. Such a man is said to have committed robbery. Unlike burglary, one may have to use a weapon or threat in a robbery. Similarities Both robbery and burglary are serious criminal activities where the culprit could face a legal penalty (Angel et al., 2014). In both cases, threats or violence could occur on nonconformity or fight back of the victims to whom the offense is committed. Both burglary and robbery could entail stealing another person’s material goods. Additionally, in both robbery and burglary, the perpetrator willingly acts against the interests of the victim. In both burglary and robbery, the perpetrator first identifies the target and calculates their means of achieving their intentions devoid of being caught. Differences The penalty offered for the two crimes are different. If one is convicted of robbery, they could be sentenced to probation, criminal fines, restitution or, at least, one year in prison. The conviction for burglary depends on the degree of the charge. The sentence could range from one year to twenty-five years. The major difference between burglary and robbery is that burglary is a property crime while robbery is a personal offense. This is because robbery is perpetrated against an individual and could include rape, homicide, kidnapping, false imprisonment, battery, and assault. There is also a range of categories that are included in homicide such as vehicular homicide, involuntary manslaughter, second-degree murder and first-degree murder. Burglary, in contrast, is a property crime in that the offenses are categorized as criminal activities against property and do not have to involve harming another person. Burglary could entail interfering with another person’s right to enjoy their property (Angel et al., 2014). It is vital to distinguish the intention of the perpetrator to differentiate between robbery and burglary suc
In his talk “How I beat a Patent Troll”, Drew Curtis, the founder of fark.com, shares his experience of fighting against a patent troll. He describes specific details of the tactics that helped him overcome a terrible suit from a sharker company. Besides, his talk contains a number of mind-blowing facts showing how the economy of the United States has been affected by patent trolls’ activity. His main ideas on beating patent trolls can be evaluated as effective, realistic, and successful. Thus, hundreds of other companies may benefit from Curtis’ experience. Drew Curtis’ talk is not the only remarkable piece of excellent ideas on how to improve our lives and make the world around us a better place that can be found on Ted.com. Searching through this site, one may find limitless amounts of useful facts. The next time, I plan to learn important lessons from Ben Goldacre’s talk “What Doctors don’t Know about the Drugs they Prescribe”, Malte Spitz’s talk “Your Phone Company is Watching”, and Shyam Sankar’s talk “The Rise of Human-computer Cooperation”. There are many more valuable pieces of practical information on any important field of human life on Ted.com. Drew Curtis’ talk raises really important issues that exist in American society. The problem of patent trolls has already cost the United States economy a few billion dollars (Bessen, Ford & Meurer, 2011). The very term ‘patent troll’, discussed in Curtis’ talk, is related to Grimm’s fairy tale image of a hungry monster that waits in his coverture to catch innocent passers-by. A patent troll is a term used to denote an individual or a company that acquire a patent to suit the other companies working in the field for manufacturing the product that they have a patent for. However, these patent trolls produce nothing. The only purpose that such patent trolls have is to win huge amounts of money as a result of court trials against infringement or as a sort of a “ransom” that the companies engaged in the process may offer such sharkers (Teska, 2011). Thus, such sharker-companies have a lot in common with Grimm’s trolls as what they do is very similar to Grimm’s trolls’ tactic. Patent trolls simply acquire a patent and wait until there will appear companies that may be accused of the infringement. A decade ago the problem of patent trolls existed only in technological fields of industry, but nowadays almost every field of the United States economy is affected by it. According to Vrountas, Loftus & Palmer, (2011, p. 40), Restaurants, hotels, publishers, and others have recently faced unexpected demands from “patent trolls” to pay substantial royalties for using what has become basic technology (such as website search engines, searchable databases, or wi-fi
Anne Stott’s Hannah More: The First Victorian is a biographic novel that explores a less known side of a popular 18 th -century writer, poet, and playwright Hannah More. The book makes an argument that her political activity has overshadowed some of her other achievements, which may carry even greater significance. Stott shows More’s life from a unique viewpoint and adds historical context to the events she describes. One of the book’s main features is the fact that it does not obscure the main character’s personality with heavy editing like other biographic works tend to do. Stott’s biography of Hannah More sheds more light on the life of the exuberant and ambitious literary sensation, who never received her due share of recognition from the later generations. Hannah More was born at Fishponds near Bristol, she had four sisters, and her father was a poverty-stricken school teacher (Stott, 2004). Nevertheless, More endured all the hardships and wrote her first play – The Search after Happiness . Although it was only a pastoral performance intended for her students, this was the beginning of a long and productive career for Hannah. Eventually, her efforts were recognized by David Garrick, who she met in London, starting her journey (Stott, 2004). Hanna’s development contradicted the stereotypical perception of women as purely domestic creatures that was extremely popular at that time. However, the significance of Hannah More as a public figure has already been acknowledged by other works. What differentiates Anne Stott’s book is the fact that it does not reduce Hannah to a symbol for emancipation or a prolific writer, but instead tries to show as much of her personality as possible. The biography even claims to be the first to use More’s unpublished letters (Stott, 2004). This certainly makes this piece of literature stand out among the more scholarly depictions of the same character. However, the additional factual information is not the center point of this book, but rather a supplement to its larger goal of achieving an impressively sophisticated presentation of Hannah More. The detailed and comprehensive portrayal of the main character has an added benefit of providing a unique perspective on the mostly unexplored time in British history before the start of the Victorian era. Other works have created and consolidated a shadowy and, in some aspects, dystopian image of the cultural life of 18 th century Britain, while Anne Stott’s work argues that there was significantly more freedom for progressive thinkers, than most people were lead to believe. The incredible jour
Introduction In the current state of business and society, Saudi Arabian women present a paradoxical phenomenon in terms of their participation in the country’s labor force. While women in Saudi Arabia have access to higher education and appropriate living standards, the country exhibits a glaringly evident employment gap in the matter of gender compared to the rest of the world. According to the National Development Plan Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia is seeking to renovate its economy and move towards addressing discrimination against women in employment. This paper examines the existing scholarly literature and official websites to determine whether the government and companies in Saudi Arabia should apply positive discrimination in favor of women with regard to promotion and hiring. Background Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy in which the King is the head of the country, the commander-in-chief of the army, and the President of Majlis Al-Shura, the consultative assembly. The state’s law is established based on decrees, and the royal family governs many aspects of the country’s political, social, and economic spheres. This system has deprived Saudi women of the rights enjoyed by most Muslim women in other developed countries. In particular, a woman in Saudi Arabia is legally considered a minor from birth until her death. To study, work, travel, marry, or receive any official documents, she must obtain the consent of her male guardian (Parveen 52). Widowed mothers may be placed under the care of their teenage sons. It has not been unknown for a woman to go abroad with a son who had not yet gone to school. However, while abroad, the widow, along with her son, could indulge in some serious issues. Religious and cultural practices in Saudi Arabia dictate that women have significantly fewer rights than men, and in terms of equality, the kingdom usually occupies the last position in international surveys (Al Munajjed 7). The testimony of a woman in court is considered to hold less weight than that of a man, and women are currently not allowed to work together with men or to be with them in the same public space unless that space is a hospital or a bank. Also, it is important to mention that in Saudi Arabia, women have been forbidden to drive since the 1950s. Saudi Arabia is one of the most conservative societies in the world, adhering to Wahhabism, a relatively new
During my life, I have read quite a lot of literary works. However, one of them, namely Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice , turned my world upside down, made me write, speak, and relate to many things differently. This book shows how you can reveal characters, show them from different angles, and captivate the reader in writing. Pride and Prejudice can rightfully be considered one of the best works in the history of literature. Such books influence the reader, who begins to rethink the techniques of speech and writing used. While the book was written in 1812, Jane Austen in this book uses modern language that suited both 19th and 21st century readers. An indirect narrative takes place, which is also an excellent choice of technique since everything happens around the storylines and accompanies the main character Elizabeth. But what is most striking in the book, Pride and Prejudice , is the expression of deep topics through words. While reading the book it becomes obvious that it has a very strong message. Topics covered include feminism, freedom, opportunity, and marriage (Puspita & Pratama, 2019). All dialogues, events and their outcomes are directly filled with emotional components. Being deeply impressed, you yourself involuntarily begin to think how much to convey emotions through seemingly unemotional words. Using Jane Austen’s techniques in practice, you begin to better understand their application, previously unexplored details, specifics, and the possibilities of transmitting emotions through the text are revealed. It is a great pleasure to read such works, but it is even more pleasure to be able to independently use words to convey emotions, feelings and stories. Jane Austen twists the storylines skillfully by first enticing and only then leading to a denouement, that this allows starting using these techniques in her own writing, if necessary. In conclusion, this book has formed in me the confidence that a very deep message can be conveyed through written materials, and this is done without losing a single emotional, argumentative, or semantic component of oral speech. After reading Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen I began to develop my wri
The choice of ship is connected with the running costs of transportation. Stopford (2009) claims that the best way to reduce costs is to select newer ships, which require fewer crewmembers, less maintenance, and are more reliable. While all of these points are true, they do not automatically make newer ships the preferable choice for shipping costs. As it stands, 65% of all cargo ships in the world are over 14 years old, meaning that competition for newer ships is intense (Cheng, 2021). High demand means increased costs, which was demonstrated by the increase in cargo rates in 2021, and previously in 2016 (Cheng, 2021). Both of these surges saw a rise in demand for older ship services. As a rule, the offered costs of shipping by older vessels are cheaper. The reasons for that are the lower costs of purchasing a ship, which means lower pressure to repay the interest in time (Ros Chaos et al., 2021). In addition, companies running older vessels are aware of their disadvantages, thus needing to compensate for them by offering a more advantageous price. Finally, certain running costs for older ships can be mitigated by utilizing low-grade fuel, which these ships can still run on (Ros Chaos et al., 2021). In addition, while repairs and maintenance for aging vessels are more frequent when compared to newer ships, the costs of these repairs are often lower. New ships have expensive and sensitive equipment, which requires more time and money to repair and replace (Ros Chaos et al., 2021). Older vessels are less high-tech, meaning more straightforward and cheaper maintenance. Overall, with two-thirds of the world’s cargo being ferried by older ships, Stopford’s conclusions about newer ships being better are rendered moot. While, on paper, such a conclusion seems obvious, in reality, a company has to contend with changing transportation rates (which are higher for newer ships), availability, and a myriad of other factors. If shipments are frequent and cannot afford delays, the shipper will have to go not with the best possible solution but with what is available at hand. Chances are, it will be an older ship.
Abstract Leadership is one of the important factors in any organization. Whenever there is a group of individuals in a place, there is always a need to have a leadership structure that would guide the team towards the desired destination. Scholars have given leadership a lot of attention due to its relevance in the current society. As a result of this, there has been a lot of theories put forth to help explain and enhance understanding of this topic. Max Weber is one of the scholars who have come up with theories of leadership in the contemporary world. Transformational leadership and charismatic leaders are some of the most popular styles of leadership that have become very relevant today. Charisma has been defined as a gift that is divinely inspired. Charismatic leaders are therefore, those with the capacity to inspire followers through their actions and speech to act in a way that they believed was beyond their capacity. Transformational leadership was put forth by James McGregor. This leader
The process of employee selection is very challenging and therefore the method used by the human resource department to select employees plays a vital role in deciding whether the company will have the right employees or not. For effective human resource planning, a company must put in place an elaborate system for employee recruitment and retention (Mathis, 2010). Getting employees with the required skills is not an easy task and therefore the validity of a selection method should be thoroughly checked before its application. The inferences made about a particular job applicant should be appropriate and meaningful for the selection method to be termed valid. The inferences made during recruitment determine whether the selected candidates will perform according to the employer’s expectations or not. The validity of a selection process is based on the employee’s actual performance in relation to the expected standards. Companies should set up job requirements that the selection method should match for a successful job selection process (Torrington, 2008). This paper will discuss selection method validity together with various employee selection techniques. Job specification is very essential in achieving validity during employee selection. All the qualities assessed during the employee selection process should at the end of the day be useful in the actual performance of the employee (Dessler, 2000). The analysis is not only important for the selection process but also for legal reasons incase of discrimination. The information gotten from job analysis is normally used to come up with the required qualifications for a particular job. Job analysis should be conducted properly because employees can sue the organization incase of any discrimination in the selection process (Ivancevich, 2006). The reliability of an employee selection method is determined by quite a number of factors which can diminish the validity of selection measures. To begin with, employees who are nervous during the assessment can affect the reliability of a selection method because they may end up making mistakes that could be avoided if they were calm. The tendency of some interviewers to turn off candidates during interviews denies the candidates an opportunity to express themselves during the interview (Bratton, 2001). The reliability of selection measures can also be compromised in a case where the questions asked during the selection process are vague or confusing. Tools used to distinguish candidates according to specified attributes should be accurate enough to give scores that are significantly different. Selection can be more reliable if the questions asked during the selection
Alternative teachings about the world to those Buddhism are not welcomed positively. Such was the case when Sati tried to alter the meaning of the term consciousness. This new understanding was equated to opening the box of Pandora by the Blessed One. As a result, it was regarded as a problem that arose from the pernicious view of a bhikkhu named Sati, addressed as the son of a fisherman, over the Dharma taught by the Blessed One about consciousness. Sati quoted that his pernicious view about consciousness was that “consciousness ran and wandered through the round of rebirths and another” (MN 38.2). Such a view was deemed outrageous and against the Dharma taught by the Blessed One, who was highly revered. Therefore, fellow bhikkhus tried to detach Sati from what the other bhikkhus regarded as misrepresentation of the Blessed One’s Dharma. All efforts to dissuade him from his view were in vain resulting to tabling the matter to the Blessed One, who explained his view about the conditions. Hence, Sati might have been entangled in the conditions and it was imperative to disentangle him; otherwise the view-deemed pernicious- would result in his ruin and that of anyone else who would consider supporting this pernicious view. Argument The argument arose from Sati’s pernicious view and the Blessed One’s Dharma. The Blessed One explained his Dharma using various concepts. To begin with, the Blessed One demonstrated how “consciousness was reckoned by the dependent condition” from which it arose using various examples (38.8). For example, in the same way that “fire is reckoned by the condition dependent on which it burns” is the same way that consciousness is reckoned (MN 38.8). Therefore, if consciousness arises dependent on the tongue and flavors, it is reckoned as tongue consciousness. Secondly, consciousness was deemed a nutriment that originates or is produced from a craving. Craving is attributed to feeling, which subsequently arises from contact that sequentially originates from the six fold base. Ultimately, ignorance is deemed as the source of all the nutrients (MN 38.16). The Blessed One then reiterated in a converse manner, “But with the remainderless fading away and cessation of ignorance comes cessation of formations and associated conditions” (MN 38.20). This argument clearly indicates the chain of conditions that give rise to consciousness, and what stems from consciousness. This holistic view led to the notion that Sati’s pernicious view might have emerged from the same consciousness which will ultimately lead to craving and a clinging. The clinging, in this case, which is Sati’s adamant understanding of consciousness, would result in the birth of great misfortunes. The pernicious view by Sati was deemed as a craving that he ought to have suppressed. The use of the synergistic relationship between conditions was used to indicate the source of Sati’s pernicious view, and its associated consequences. This sequence is noted by the Blessed One in his quote, “Good, bhikkhus. So y
Amazon Incorporation is a leading American online retailing company. Amazon operates different subsidiaries in 11 nations globally. The corporation offers a wide range of services and products to its customers. Amazon’s online presence and logistical operations have made its business competitive and successful (Mennen 27). The SWOT Analysis below offers a detailed description of Amazon’s position and performance as a leading online marketer. SWOT Analysis Strengths   * Brand Equity Amazon is a “great name” among its consumers in 11 countries. The company’s brand is known for its ability to fulfill the needs and expectations of many people globally. Amazon’s brand equity has made the company a leading company.   * Presence of Big Selection Amazon is definitely a giant search engine. It offers cloud computing to other companies and businesses thus making its strategy successful. Amazon is a leading search platform alongside Google and eBay.   * Digital and Hardware Ecosystem Kindle devices have made Amazon successful. The current sales of Kindle products are making it easier for Amazon to sell e-books thus improving its business. Amazon continues to add more media content and digital products thus emerging successful in the industry.   * Superior Services